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ATG12
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 4GDK, 4GDL, 4NAW
Identifiers
Aliases	ATG12, APG12, APG12L, FBR93, HAPG12, autophagy related 12
External IDs	OMIM: 609608; MGI: 1914776; HomoloGene: 37953; GeneCards: ATG12; OMA:ATG12 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 5 (human) Band 5q22.3 Start 115,828,200 bp End 115,841,837 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 18 (mouse) Band 18|18 C Start 46,863,211 bp End 46,874,647 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in Achilles tendon pericardium pars reticulata Pons lateral nuclear group of thalamus corpus callosum pars compacta external globus pallidus subthalamic nucleus visceral pleura Top expressed in blood cumulus cell trigeminal ganglion primary oocyte lumbar spinal ganglion perirhinal cortex entorhinal cortex retinal pigment epithelium choroid plexus spermatocyte More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function protein binding Atg8 ligase activity Cellular component cytoplasm cytosol phagophore assembly site membrane phagocytic vesicle membrane Atg12-Atg5-Atg16 complex membrane autophagosome protein-containing complex Biological process autophagy autophagy of nucleus C-terminal protein lipidation autophagy of mitochondrion macroautophagy autophagosome assembly Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 9140 67526 Ensembl ENSG00000145782 ENSMUSG00000032905 UniProt O94817 Q9CQY1 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001277783 NM_004707 NM_026217 RefSeq (protein) NP_001264712 NP_004698 NP_080493 Location (UCSC) Chr 5: 115.83 – 115.84 Mb Chr 18: 46.86 – 46.87 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Autophagy related 12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ATG12 gene.

Autophagy is a process of bulk protein degradation in which cytoplasmic components, including organelles, are enclosed in double-membrane structures called autophagosomes and delivered to lysosomes or vacuoles for degradation. ATG12 is the human homolog of a yeast protein involved in autophagy (Mizushima et al., 1998).

Autophagy requires the covalent attachment of the protein Atg12 to ATG5 through a ubiquitin-like conjugation system. The Atg12-Atg5 conjugate then promotes the conjugation of ATG8 to the lipid phosphatidylethanolamine.

Atg12 was found to be involved in apoptosis. This protein promotes apoptosis through an interaction with anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family.

References

1. ^ GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000145782 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. ^ GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000032905 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Mizushima N, Sugita H, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y (Jan 1999). "A new protein conjugation system in human. The counterpart of the yeast Apg12p conjugation system essential for autophagy". J Biol Chem. 273 (51): 33889–33892. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.51.33889. PMID 9852036.
6. ^ "Entrez Gene: ATG12 ATG12 autophagy related 12 homolog (S. cerevisiae)".
7. J. Geng, and D. J. Klionsky, 'The Atg8 and Atg12 Ubiquitin-Like Conjugation Systems in Macroautophagy. 'Protein Modifications: Beyond the Usual Suspects' Review Series', EMBO Rep, 9 (2008), 859-64.
8. A. D. Rubinstein, M. Eisenstein, Y. Ber, S. Bialik, and A. Kimchi, 'The Autophagy Protein Atg12 Associates with Antiapoptotic Bcl-2 Family Members to Promote Mitochondrial Apoptosis', Mol Cell, 44 (2011), 698-709

External links

• Human ATG12 genome location and ATG12 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.

Further reading

• Prigione A, Cortopassi G (2007). "Mitochondrial DNA deletions and chloramphenicol treatment stimulate the autophagic transcript ATG12". Autophagy. 3 (4): 377–80. doi:10.4161/auto.4239. PMID 17457038.
• Ewing RM, Chu P, Elisma F, Li H, Taylor P, Climie S, et al. (2007). "Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry". Mol. Syst. Biol. 3 (1): 89. doi:10.1038/msb4100134. PMC 1847948. PMID 17353931.
• Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, et al. (2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173–1178. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1173R. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514. S2CID 4427026.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–2127. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–45. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
• Mizushima N, Kuma A, Kobayashi Y, Yamamoto A, Matsubae M, Takao T, et al. (2004). "Mouse Apg16L, a novel WD-repeat protein, targets to the autophagic isolation membrane with the Apg12-Apg5 conjugate". J. Cell Sci. 116 (Pt 9): 1679–1688. doi:10.1242/jcs.00381. PMID 12665549.
• Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y (2003). "Mouse Apg10 as an Apg12-conjugating enzyme: analysis by the conjugation-mediated yeast two-hybrid method". FEBS Lett. 532 (3): 450–454. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(02)03739-0. PMID 12482611. S2CID 37247321.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, Derge JG, Klausner RD, Collins FS, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–16903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Tanida I, Nishitani T, Nemoto T, Ueno T, Kominami E (2002). "Mammalian Apg12p, but not the Apg12p.Apg5p conjugate, facilitates LC3 processing". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 296 (5): 1164–1170. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02057-0. PMID 12207896.
• Tanida I, Tanida-Miyake E, Nishitani T, Komatsu M, Yamazaki H, Ueno T, et al. (2002). "Murine Apg12p has a substrate preference for murine Apg7p over three Apg8p homologs". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 292 (1): 256–262. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2002.6645. PMID 11890701.
• Tanida I, Tanida-Miyake E, Komatsu M, Ueno T, Kominami E (2002). "Human Apg3p/Aut1p homologue is an authentic E2 enzyme for multiple substrates, GATE-16, GABARAP, and MAP-LC3, and facilitates the conjugation of hApg12p to hApg5p". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (16): 13739–13744. doi:10.1074/jbc.M200385200. PMID 11825910.
• Ueno K, Kumagai T, Kijima T, Kishimoto T, Hosoe S (1998). "Cloning and tissue expression of cDNAs from chromosome 5q21-22 which is frequently deleted in advanced lung cancer". Hum. Genet. 102 (1): 63–68. doi:10.1007/s004390050655. PMID 9490301. S2CID 36201527.
• Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (1997). "Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery". Genome Res. 6 (9): 791–806. doi:10.1101/gr.6.9.791. PMID 8889548.

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