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Brompheniramine

Clinical data
Trade names	Bromfed, Dimetapp, Bromfenex, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a682545
Routes of administration	By mouth
ATC code	R06AB01 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 / S3 / S2 US: Rx-only / OTC
Pharmacokinetic data
Metabolism	Liver
Elimination half-life	24.9 ± 9.3 hours
Excretion	Kidney
Identifiers
IUPAC name (R/S)-3-(4-Bromophenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-3-pyridin-2-yl-propan-1-amine
CAS Number	86-22-6
PubChem CID	6834
IUPHAR/BPS	7133
DrugBank	DB00835
ChemSpider	6573
UNII	H57G17P2FN
KEGG	D07543
ChEBI	CHEBI:3183
ChEMBL	ChEMBL811
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID5022691
ECHA InfoCard	100.001.507
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C16H19BrN2
Molar mass	319.246 g·mol
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES Brc1ccc(cc1)C(c2ncccc2)CCN(C)C
InChI InChI=1S/C16H19BrN2/c1-19(2)12-10-15(16-5-3-4-11-18-16)13-6-8-14(17)9-7-13/h3-9,11,15H,10,12H2,1-2H3 Key:ZDIGNSYAACHWNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
(verify)

Brompheniramine, sold under the brand name Dimetapp among others, is a first-generation antihistamine drug of the propylamine (alkylamine) class. It is indicated for the treatment of the symptoms of the common cold and allergic rhinitis, such as runny nose, itchy eyes, watery eyes, and sneezing. Like the other first-generation drugs of its class, it is considered a sedating antihistamine.

It was patented in 1948 and came into medical use in 1955. In 2022, the combination with dextromethorphan and pseudoephedrine was the 265th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions.

Side effects

Brompheniramine's effects on the cholinergic system may include side-effects such as drowsiness, sedation, dry mouth, dry throat, blurred vision, and increased heart rate. It is listed as one of the drugs of highest anticholinergic activity in a study of anticholinergenic burden, including long-term cognitive impairment.

Pharmacology

Brompheniramine works by acting as an antagonist of histamine H₁ receptors. It also functions as a moderately effective anticholinergic agent, and is likely an antimuscarinic agent similar to other common antihistamines such as diphenhydramine.

Brompheniramine is metabolised by cytochrome P450 isoenzymes in the liver.

Chemistry

Brompheniramine is part of a series of antihistamines including pheniramine (Naphcon) and its halogenated derivatives and others including fluorpheniramine, chlorpheniramine, dexchlorpheniramine (Polaramine), triprolidine (Actifed), and iodopheniramine. The halogenated alkylamine antihistamines all exhibit optical isomerism; brompheniramine products contain racemic brompheniramine maleate, whereas dexbrompheniramine (Drixoral) is the dextrorotary (right-handed) stereoisomer.

Brompheniramine is an analog of chlorpheniramine. The only difference is that the chlorine atom in the benzene ring is replaced with a bromine atom. It is also synthesized in an analogous manner.

History

Arvid Carlsson and his colleagues, working at the Swedish company Astra AB, were able to derive the first marketed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, zimelidine, from brompheniramine.

Names

Brand names include Bromfed, Dimetapp, Bromfenex, Dimetane, and Lodrane. All bromphemiramine preparations are marketed as the maleate salt.

References

1. Simons FE, Frith EM, Simons KJ (December 1982). "The pharmacokinetics and antihistaminic effects of brompheniramine". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 70 (6): 458–64. doi:10.1016/0091-6749(82)90009-4. PMID 6128358.
2. ^ Sweetman SC, ed. (2005). Martindale: the complete drug reference (34th ed.). London: Pharmaceutical Press. p. 569–70. ISBN 0-85369-550-4. OCLC 56903116.
3. Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 546. ISBN 9783527607495.
4. "The Top 300 of 2022". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
5. "Brompheniramine; Dextromethorphan; Pseudoephedrine Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022". ClinCalc. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
6. Salahudeen MS, Duffull SB, Nishtala PS (March 2015). "Anticholinergic burden quantified by anticholinergic risk scales and adverse outcomes in older people: a systematic review". BMC Geriatrics. 15 (31): 31. doi:10.1186/s12877-015-0029-9. PMC 4377853. PMID 25879993.
7. ^ "Diphenhydramine: Uses, Interactions, Mechanism of Action". DrugBank Online. Archived from the original on 22 September 2024. Retrieved 26 November 2024.
8. Troy DB, Beringer P (2006). Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 1546–8. ISBN 9780781746731.
9. US 3061517, Walter LA, issued 1962. 
10. US 3030371, Walter LA, issued 1962. 
11. Barondes SH (2003). Better Than Prozac. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 39–40. ISBN 0-19-515130-5.

• Medicine

• Drugs developed by AstraZeneca
• Drugs developed by Pfizer
• Drugs developed by Wyeth
• H1 receptor antagonists
• Muscarinic antagonists
• 4-Bromophenyl compounds
• 2-Pyridyl compounds
• Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors