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DBDMH

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1,3-Dibromo-5,5-Dimethylhydantoin
Skeletal formula of DBDMH
Ball-and-stick model of the DBDMH molecule
Names
Preferred IUPAC name 1,3-Dibromo-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione
Other names DBDMH, Dibromantin, Dibromodimethylhydantoin
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.938 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 201-030-9
PubChem CID
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C5H6Br2N2O2/c1-5(2)3(10)8(6)4(11)9(5)7/h1-2H3Key: VRLDVERQJMEPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • InChI=1/C5H6Br2N2O2/c1-5(2)3(10)8(6)4(11)9(5)7/h1-2H3Key: VRLDVERQJMEPIF-UHFFFAOYAQ
SMILES
  • O=C1N(Br)C(=O)N(Br)C1(C)C
Properties
Chemical formula C5H6Br2N2O2
Molar mass 285.923 g·mol
Appearance White solid
Density 1.36 g/cm
Melting point 197 to 203 °C (387 to 397 °F; 470 to 476 K)
Solubility in water 0.1 g/100 mL (20 °C)
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms GHS05: CorrosiveGHS06: ToxicGHS07: Exclamation markGHS09: Environmental hazard
Signal word Danger
Hazard statements H301, H302, H314, H317, H319, H410
Precautionary statements P260, P261, P264, P270, P272, P273, P280, P301+P310, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P330, P333+P313, P337+P313, P363, P391, P405, P501
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). checkY verify (what is  ?) Infobox references
Chemical compound

DBDMH (also known as 1,3-Dibromo-5,5-Dimethylhydantoin) is an organic compound derived from the heterocycle called dimethylhydantoin. This white crystalline compound with a slight bromine odor is widely used as a disinfectant used for drinking water purification, recreational water treatment, as a bleaching agent in pulp and paper mills, and for treating industrial/commercial water cooling systems. Its action does not involve the use of hypochlorous acid.

Mechanism of action

1,3-Dibromo-5,5-Dimethylhydantoin is a source of bromine, which is equivalent to hypobromous acid (HOBr).

Br2X + 2 H2O → 2 HOBr + H2X

(Where H2X is 5,5-dimethylhydantoin)

With a pKa of 8.6, hypobromous acid partially dissociates in water:

HOBr ⇌ H + BrO

Hypobromous acid serves as a source of "Br," which produces bromide ions in the process of disinfection:

HOBr + live pathogens → Br + dead pathogens

The resulting bromide ions can then undergo oxidation to hypobromous acid in the presence of an oxidizer of sufficient strength e.g. ozone, hypochlorous acid, potassium monopersulfate. This reoxidation process is commonly called "activation" of the bromide ion:

Br + HOCl → HOBr + Cl

References

  1. David Ioffe, Arieh Kampf "Bromine, Organic Compounds" in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 2002, by John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/0471238961.0218151325150606.a01

External links

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