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Dunkard Group

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Dunkard Group
Stratigraphic range: Pennsylvanian-Permian
Sandstone (Greene Formation, Dunkard Group, Lower Permian; Monroe County, Ohio)
Type	Group
Sub-units	Greene Formation, Washington Formation, Waynesburg Formation
Underlies	Igneous intrusives
Overlies	Monongahela Formation
Lithology
Primary	Shale, sandstone, siltstone, coal
Other	Limestone
Location
Region	Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Maryland
Country	United States
Type section
Named for	Dunkard Creek
Named by	I.C. White in 1891

The Permian Dunkard Group (Pd) is an area of rock, Early Permian in age, in the south of Ohio, southwestern Pennsylvania, West Virginia and the hilltops of the Georges Creek Basin of Maryland. In Ohio, it is found primarily in Washington County. It is notable for being one of the few areas of Permian sediment east of the Mississippi River. In addition, it is the youngest surface rock in the state of Ohio.

Description

It consists of red and green shale, siltstone, and sandstone, with thin lenticular beds of argillaceous limestone and thin beds of impure coal The base of the layer contains thick-bedded, white conglomeratic sandstone. The layer's thickness is greater than 200 feet in Maryland.

The fossils found in the Dunkard Group are similar to ones found in Texas and Oklahoma of similar age.

Stratigraphy

The Dunkard contains three formation. Starting at the base (oldest) is the Waynesburg Formation, Washington Formation, and Greene Formation. The base is marked by the Waynesburg Coal, with the Monongahela Group below. The Washington Coal is found at the base of the Washington Formation and its base marks the boundary between the lower Waynesburg and the Washington formation above. The top of the Upper Washington Limestone marks the line between the Washington Formation and the upper Greene formation.

Fossil content


Portrait	Name
	Dimetrodon
	Ctenospondylus
	Archaeothyris
	Edaphosaurus
	Eryops
	Xenacanthus
	Ophiacodon
	Diploceraspis
	Protorothyris
	Diadectes
	Isodectes
	Brachydectes
	Phlegethontia
	Baldwinonus
	Sagenodus
	Sysciophlebia balteata

References

Berryhill, Jr., Henry L.; Swanson, Vernon E. (1962). "Geological Survey research 1962; Short papers in geology and hydrology" (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper. 450-C: 43–46. Retrieved 30 June 2018.
^ "Allegheny Plateau and Valley and Ridge". Geologic Map of Maryland. Maryland Geological Survey. 1968. Retrieved 2008-01-26.

Further reading

Anstey, Robert L.; Feldmann, Rodney M.; Hackathorn, Merrianne (1996). Fossils of Ohio. Columbus: State of Ohio, Dept. of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey. ISBN 0-931079-05-5.

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Chronostratigraphy of Ohio

Cisuralian	Dunkard Group Greene Formation Washington Formation

Dunkard Group: Waynesburg Formation

Monongahela Group: Uniontown Formation; Pittsburgh Formation

Conemaugh Group: Casselman Formation; Glenshaw Formation

Allegheny Group
Pottsville Group

Viséan	Maxville Limestone
Tournaisian	Cuyahoga Formation Logan Formation Sunbury Shale
Coldwater Shale Rushville Shale

Ohio Shale

Burket Shale
Olentangy Shale (upper)

West Falls Group: Angola Shale; Rhinestreet Shale

Givetian	Tully Formation Mahantango Formation Olentangy Shale (lower) Plum Brook Shale Prout Limestone Silica Formation
Eifelian	Amherstburg Dolomite Columbus Limestone Delaware Limestone Detroit River Group Hillsboro Sandstone Marcellus Shale

Emsian	Amherstburg Dolomite Detroit River Group Hillsboro Sandstone
Lochkovian	Holland Quarry Shale

Bertie Formation

Ludfordian	Salina Group
Gorstian	Salina Group Guelph Dolomite

Homerian	Lockport Group Gasport Dolomite Guelph Dolomite Goat Island Dolomite

Brassfield Formation

Cabot Head Shale

Clinton Formation

Drowning Creek Formation

Manitoulin Dolomite

Upper	Arnheim Formation Cincinnati Group Drakes Formation Fairview Formation Grant Lake Formation Kope Formation Liberty Formation Miamitown Shale Queenston Shale Saluda Formation Trenton Limestone Waynesville Formation Whitewater Formation
Middle	Black River Group Lexington Limestone Point Pleasant Formation Trenton Limestone Wells Creek Formation

Furongian	Conasauga Formation Eau Claire Formation Kerbel Formation Knox Dolomite Rome Formation

Mt. Simon Sandstone

Z	Swift Run Formation

Middle Run Formation

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Chronostratigraphy of Pennsylvania

Dunkard Group
Greene Formation:

Windy Gap Limestone

Windy Gap Coal

Gilmore Sandstone

Nineveh Sandstone

Nineveh Coal

Nineveh Limestone

Fish Creek Sandstone

Claysville Limestone

Dunkard Coal

Prosperity Limestone

Tenmile Coal

Donley Limestone

Upper Washington Coal

Rockport Member

Washington Formation:

Upper Washington Limestone Member

Jollytown Limestone Member

Jollytown Coal

Middle Washington Limestone Member

Washington Coal

Lower Washington Limestone Member

Gzhelian	Dunkard Group Waynesburg Formation: Upper Waynesburg Member Little Washington Coal Waynesburg“B” coal Middle Waynesburg Member Waynesburg“A” coal Lower Waynesburg Member Monongahela Group Uniontown Formation: Waynesburg coal "No. 11 Coal" Gilboy Sandstone Member Little Waynesburg Coal Waynesburg Limestone Member Uniontown Sanstone Member Annabelle Shale Member Uniontown Coal "No. 10 Coal" Uniontown Limestone Member "Great Lime" Fulton Shale Member Pittsburgh Formation: Benwood Limestone Upper Sewickley Coal Upper Sewickley Sandstone Member Sewickley Coal "Meigis Creek" "No. 9 Coal" Lower Sewickley Sandstone Member Sewickley Limestone Member Cedarville Sanstone Member Redstone-Pomeroy coal "No 8a. Coal" Westone Sanstone Member Pittsburgh coal seam "No. 8 Coal"
Kasimovian	Conemaugh Group Casselman Formation: Upper Pittsburgh Limestone Member Little Pittsburgh coal seam Lower Pittsburgh Limestone Member Connellsville Member Morgantown Member Birmingham Member Glenshaw Formation Ames Limestone Pittsburgh Red Beds Upper Bakerstown coal Upper Saltsburg Sandstone Member Woods Run Limestone Member Lower Saltsburg Sandstone Member Pine Creek Limestone Member Buffalo Sandstone Member Bush Creek Limestone Member Mahoning Formation Bush Creek Coal Upper Mahoning Sandstone Member Mahoning Coal "No. 7a Coal" Lower Mahoning Sandstone Member
Moscovian	Allegheny Group Freeport Formation: Upper Freeport Coal "No. 7 Coal" Upper Freeport Limestone Member Butler Sandstone Member Lower Freeport Coal "No. 6a Coal" Upper Freeport Limestone Member Freeport Sandstone Member Kittanning Formation Upper Kittanning Coal Johnstone Limestone Member Middle Kittanning Coal "No. 6 Coal" Lower Kittanning Coal "No. 5 Coal" Kittanning Sandstone Member Clarian Formation Clarian Coal "No. 4a Coal" Vanport Limestone Member Brookville Coal "No. 4 Coal" Brookville Member Pottsville Group Beaver River Formation: Homewood Sandstone Member "1st Salt Sand" Mercer Formation Upper Mercer Limestone Member Upper Mercer Coal Lower Mercer Limestone Member Lower Mercer Coal "No. 3 Coal"
Bashkirian	Pottsville Group Connoquenessing Formation: Upper Connoquenessing Sandstone Member "2nd Salt Sand" Quakertown Coal "No. 2 Coal" Quakertown Fire Clay Quakertown Shale Lower Connoquenessing Sandstone Member Sharon Formation Sharon Shale Member Sharon Coal "No. 1 Coal" Sharon Sandstone

Shenango Formation

Mauch Chunk Group

Bluestone Formation

Princeton Formation

Hinton Formation

Maxton Sandstone

Bluefield Formation "Little Lime"

Greenbrier Limestone "Big Lime" Loyalhanna Formation

Cuyahoga Formation

Pocono Group

Burgoon Formation "Big Injun Sandstone"

Sunbury Shale

Berea Sandstone

Bedford Shale
Rockwell Formation

Venango Group

Gantz, Hundred-foot sand, Fifty-foot sand, Thirty-foot sand, Nineveh-Snee, Gordon Stray, Fourth Sand, Fifth Sand, Bayard Sand, Elizabeth Sand, Sweet Richard,

Chadakoin Formation, First Warren

Bradford Group

Upper Warren, Lower Warren, Speechely Stray, Speechely, Balltown A, Balltown B, Balltown C, Sheffield, First Bradford, Second Bradford, Third Bradford, Kane

Elk Group

1st Elk Sand, 2nd Elk Sand, 3rd Elk Sand, 4th Elk Sand, 5th Elk Sand

Ohio Shale

Cleveland Shale

Chagrin Formation

Huron Shale

Catskill Group

Duncannon Member

Sherman Creek Member

Irish Valley Member

Catskill Group

Sherman Creek Member

Irish Valley Member

West Falls Group

Angola Formation

Rhinestreet Shale

Sonyea Group

Cashaqua Shale

Middlesex Shale

Genesee Group / Harrell Shale

West River Shale

Penn Yan Formation

Burket Shale / Geneseo Shale

Tully Limestone

Hamilton Group

Hamilton Group

Marcellus Formation

Onondaga Limestone

Seneca

Moorehouse

Nedrow

Edgecliff

Huntersville Chert

Bobs Ridge Sandstone Member
Needmore Shale

Huntersville Chert, Needmore Shale, Bois Blanc Formation
Oriskany Formation
Helderberg Group (geology)

Helderberg Group (geology)

Helderberg Group (geology)

Keyser Formation

Manlius Limestone

Salina Group

Bertie Formation

Salina Group

Camillus Formation

Salina Group

Syracuse Formation

Salina Group

Vernon Formation

Lockport Group

Guelph Formation

Eramosa Formation

Goat Island Formation

Gasport Formation

Clinton Group

Rochester Shale

Rose Hill Formation "Red Clinton"

Medina Group

Tuscarora Formation

Trenton Group

Coburn Formation

Salona Formation

Rodman Formation

Black River Group

Linden Hall Formation

Snyder Formation

Hatter Formation

Loyalsburg Formation

Wells Creek Formation

Knox Supergroup Beekmantown Group:

Bellefonte Formation

Knox Supergroup

Beekmantown Group

Axeman Formation

Nittany Formation

Stonehenge Formation

Knox Supergroup

Stage 4	Kinzers Formation

Grenville Complex

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Chronostratigraphy of West Virginia

Eocene	Igneous intrusives

J	Igneous intrusives

Asselian	Dunkard Group

Gzhelian	Monongahela Formation
Kasimovian	Conemaugh Group
Moscovian	Allegheny Formation
Bashkirian	Pottsville Group Kanawha Formation New River Formation Pocahontas Formation

Serpukhovian	Bluestone Formation Princeton Sandstone Hinton Formation Bluefield Formation
Viséan	Greenbrier Group
Tournaisian	Price Formation Cuyahoga Formation Maccrady Formation Sunbury Shale Berea Sandstone

Famennian	Price Formation Berea Sandstone Bedford Shale Ohio Shale Brallier Formation
Frasnian	Brallier Formation Java Formation West Falls Formation Rhinestreet Sonyea Formation Harrell Shale Genesee Formation

Givetian	Tully Limestone Hamilton Group
Eifelian	Hamilton Group Marcellus Shale Onondaga Limestone Needmore Shale Huntersville Chert

Emsian	Needmore Shale Huntersville Chert
Pragian	Oriskany Sandstone
Lochkovian	Helderberg Group

Ludfordian	Salina Group Tonoloway Formation
Gorstian	Salina Group

Homerian	Salina Group Wills Creek Formation Williamsport Formation McKenzie Formation
Sheinwoodian	Lockport Dolomite McKenzie Formation

Telychian	Lockport Dolomite McKenzie Formation Keefer Formation Rose Hill Formation Rochester Shale
Aeronian	Tuscarora Sandstone Clinton Sandstone

Hirnantian	Cincinnati Group Juniata Formation
Katian	Cincinnati Group Juniata Formation Reedsville Formation Utica Shale
Sandbian	Lexington Limestone Trenton Limestone

Darriwilian	Trenton Limestone Black River Group
Dapingian	St. Paul Group

St. Peter Sandstone

Wells Creek Formation

Knox Group

Knox Group

Copper Ridge Dolomite

Chilhowee Group: Antietam Formation; Harpers Formation; Weverton Formation; Loudoun Formation

Ediacaran	Catoctin Formation