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E is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.

Mongolian language

E
The Mongolian script
Mongolian vowels
ᠠa ᠡe ᠢi ᠣo ᠤu ᠥö ᠦü ᠧ(ē)
Mongolian consonants
ᠨn ᠩng ᠪb ᠫ(p) ᠬq/k ᠭɣ/g ᠮm ᠯl ᠰs ᠱš ᠲt ᠳd ᠴč ᠵǰ ᠶy ᠷr ᠸ(w)
Foreign consonants
Mongolian script multigraphs
v t e

Letter
‑e	e	Transliteration
—	ᠡ	Alone
	ᠡ‍	Initial
	‍ᠡ‍	Medial
	‍ᠡ	Connected final
᠎ᠡ ⟨⟩	—	Separated final

Separated suffixes
‑e	Transliteration
ᠡ‍	Initial
ᠡ ⟨⟩	Whole

• Transcribes Chakhar /ə/; Khalkha /i/, /e/, /ə/, and /∅/. Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter э.
• Medial and final forms may be distinguished from those of other tooth-shaped letters through: vowel harmony (a) and its effect on the shape of a word's consonants (q/k and ɣ/g), or position in syllable sequence (n, ng, d).
• The final tail extends to the left after bow-shaped consonants (such as b, p, k, and g), and to the right in all other cases.
• ᠡ᠋‍ = an Old Mongolian initial form, as in ᠡ᠋ᠨᠡ ene 'this' (otherwise written ᠡᠨᠡ).
• Derived from Old Uyghur aleph (𐽰).
• Produced with E using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.
• In the Mongolian Unicode block, e comes after a and before i.

Ee

• Stands in for e in loanwords, such as in ᠧᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠠ ēüropa (Европ Yevrop). Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter е.
• Indistinguishable from w, except when inferred by its placement: typically between consonants.
• Ultimately derived from Old Uyghur bet (𐽱).
• Produced with ⇧ Shift+E using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.
• In the Mongolian Unicode block, ē comes after ü and before n.

Clear Script

Xibe language

Manchu language

Notes

1. Scholarly transliteration.
2. As in the exclamation ⟨ᠠ᠋; ⟩ a/e (аа/ээ/оо/өө aa/ee/oo/öö), or interjection ᠡ e (ээ ee) 'oh!'.
3. As in the exclamation ⟨ᠠ᠋; ⟩ a/e (аа/ээ/оо/өө aa/ee/oo/öö).
4. As in ᠪᠠ ba (ба ba) 'and'.
5. As in ᠬᠡ/ᠬᠡᠭᠡ/ᠬᠡᠭᠡᠨ ke/kege/kegen (хээ khee) 'pattern, piping, design, stamp'.
6. Separated suffixes starting with, or made up by the letter e include:  ᠡ ‑e (vocative or dative-locative),  ᠡᠴᠡ ‑eče (ablative), and  ᠡᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ ‑ečegen (reflexive+ablative).
7. Scholarly transliteration, with alternative in parentheses.

References

1. "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
2. ^ Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
3. ^ Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
4. ^ "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.
5. "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
6. ^ Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi; as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.
7. "PROPOSAL Encode Mongolian Suffix Connector (U+180F) To Replace Narrow Non-Breaking Space (U+202F)" (PDF). UTC Document Register for 2017. 2017-01-15.
8. "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
9. ^ "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
10. ^ Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzen, Vivan (2005-02-10). The Phonology of Mongolian. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-151461-6.
11. ^ Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
12. Viklund, Andreas. "Lingua Mongolia - Mongolian Grammar Reference". Lingua Mongolia. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
13. ^ Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.
14. ^ Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.
15. ^ jowilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
16. "Mongolian State Dictionary". Mongol toli (in Mongolian). Retrieved 2022-05-16.

• Mongolic letters
• Mongolic languages
• Tungusic languages