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| The '''Estonian identity card''' ({{lang-et|ID-kaart}}) is a ] ] issued in the ] by the ] of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. It is officially a primary-picture ID in ], and is therefore recognised by all member states of the ] as an official ]. For travel outside the EU, Estonian citizens require an ] instead. All Estonian citizens and permanent residents are legally obliged to possess such a card from the age of 15. | |||
| == Stored data == | |||
| The chip stores digitised data about the authorised user, most importantly: the user's full name, gender, ], and cryptographic keys and ]s. | |||
| == Categories of Estonian identity cards == | |||
| <gallery style="width:25%;margin:0 20% 0 20%;" widths="236px" heights="149px" perrow="2" caption="Estonian identity cards to Estonian citizens since 3rd Septmber 2007"> | |||
| Image:Estonian idcard citizen front.jpg|Front side | |||
| Image:Estonian idcard citizen back.jpg|Back side | |||
| </gallery> | |||
| <gallery style="width:25%;margin:0 20% 0 20%;" widths="236px" heights="149px" perrow="2" caption="Estonian identity cards to EU/EEA citizens since 3rd Septmber 2007"> | |||
| Image:Estonian idcard eucitizen front.jpg|Front side | |||
| Image:Estonian idcard eucitizen back.jpg|Back side | |||
| </gallery> | |||
| <gallery style="width:25%;margin:0 20% 0 20%;" widths="236px" heights="149px" perrow="2" caption="Estonian identity cards to EEA family permit holders since 3rd Septmber 2007"> | |||
| Image:Estonian idcard eucitizenfamily front.jpg|Front side | |||
| Image:Estonian idcard eucitizenfamily back.jpg|Back side | |||
| </gallery> | |||
| <gallery style="width:25%;margin:0 20% 0 20%;" widths="236px" heights="149px" perrow="2" caption="Estonian identity cards to long term residence permit holders since 3rd Septmber 2007"> | |||
| Image:Estonian idcard longtermresident front.jpg|Front side | |||
| Image:Estonian idcard longtermresident back.jpg|Back side | |||
| </gallery> | |||
| <gallery style="width:25%;margin:0 20% 0 20%;" widths="236px" heights="149px" perrow="2" caption="Estonian identity cards to temporary residence permit holders since 3rd Septmber 2007"> | |||
| Image:Estonian idcard shorttermresident front.jpg|Front side | |||
| Image:Estonian idcard shorttermresident back.jpg|Back side | |||
| </gallery> | |||
| == Cryptographic use == | |||
| The card's chip stores a ], allowing users to cryptographically sign digital documents based on principles of ] using ]. While it is possible also to encrypt documents using the card-holder's public key, this is used only infrequently, as such documents would become unreadable if the card were lost or destroyed. | |||
| Under Estonian law, since 15 December 2000 the cryptographic signature is legally equivalent to a manual ].<ref>]: (this version valid from 8 January 2004 up to 31 December 2007)</ref> | |||
| == Uses for identification == | |||
| The card's compatibility with standard ] infrastructure has made it a convenient means of identification for use of web-based government services in Estonia (see ]). All major banks, many financial and other web services support ID-card based authentication. | |||
| === Web discussion forums === | |||
| Web commentary columns of some Estonian newspapers, most notably ], used to support ID-card based authentication for comments. This approach caused some controversy in the internet community. <ref> PRIIT HÕBEMÄGI: Anonüümsete kommentaaride lõpetamise kommentaarid</ref> | |||
| === Public transport === | |||
| Larger cities in Estonia, such as ] and ], have arrangements making it possible for residents to purchase "virtual" transportation tickets linked to their ID cards. | |||
| Period tickets can be bought online via electronic bank transfer, by ], or at public kiosks. This process usually takes less than a few minutes and the ticket is instantly active from the moment of purchase.<ref> Methods to buy ID ticket</ref> | |||
| Customers also have the option of requesting e-mail or SMS notification alerting them when the ticket is about to expire, or of setting up automatic renewal through internet banking services. | |||
| To use the virtual ticket, customers must carry their ID card with them whenever they use public transport. During a routine ticket check, users are asked to present their ID card, which is then inserted into a special device. This device then confirms that the user holds a valid ticket, and also warns if the ticket is about to expire. The ticket check usually takes less than a second. | |||
| Ticket information is stored in a central database, not on the ID card itself. Thus, to order a ticket, it is not necessary to have an ID-card reader. Ticket controllers have access to a local archive of the master database. If the ticket was purchased after the local archive was updated, the ticket device is able to confirm the ticket from the master database over ] data link.<ref> ID Pilet - Korduma Kippuvad Küsimused</ref> | |||
| === Electronic voting === | |||
| The Estonian ID card is also used for authentication in Estonia's ambitious ] programme. | |||
| In February 2007, Estonia was the first country in the world to institute electronic voting for parliamentary elections. Over 30 000 voters participated in the country's e-election.<ref> idBlog - The number of electronic voters tripled</ref> | |||
| The software used in this process is available for ], ] and ]. | |||
| == Use as a travel document == | |||
| Since Estonia's accession to the ] since 2004, Estonian citizens who possess an Estonian identity card are able to use that as a travel document within the EU, to Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and Croatia instead of a passport. However, non-Estonian citizens who hold an Estonian identity card are not able to use it as a travel document outside of Estonia within the EU. Since 3rd September 2007, newly issued ID cards to EU/EEA citizens allow them travelling inside the Schengen area. | |||
| == References == | |||
| {{reflist}} | |||
| == External links == | |||
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| {{Estonian Travel Documents|state=expanded}} | |||
| {{Identity cards}} | |||
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Revision as of 20:06, 22 December 2009
Im commiting vandalism in political protest. See my userpage.