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Felinae Temporal range: Miocene–Holocene, 9–0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Clockwise, an ocelot, a European wildcat, a cougar and a cheetah
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Carnivora
Suborder:	Feliformia
Family:	Felidae
Subfamily:	Felinae Fischer von Waldheim, 1817
Type genus
Felis Linnaeus, 1758
Genera
See §Taxonomy
Native ranges of Felinae

Felinae is a subfamily of the Felidae and comprises the small cats having a bony hyoid, because of which they are able to purr but not roar. Other authors have proposed an alternative definition for this subfamily, as comprising only the living conical-toothed cat genera with two tribes, the Felini and Pantherini, and excluding the extinct sabre-toothed Machairodontinae.

Characteristics

The members of the Felinae have retractile claws that are protected by at least one cutaneous lobe. Their larynx is kept close to the base of the skull by an ossified hyoid. They can purr owing to the vocal folds being shorter than 6 mm (0.24 in). The cheetah Acinonyx does not have cutaneous sheaths for guarding claws.

Taxonomy

The term 'Felini' was first used in 1817 by Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim, at the time for all the cat species that had been proposed as belonging to the genus Felis. In 1917, Reginald Innes Pocock also subordinated the following genera to the Felinae that had been proposed in the course of the 19th century: Lynx, Puma, Leptailurus, Prionailurus, Pardofelis, Leopardus, Herpailurus, Neofelis and four more.

The Felinae and Pantherinae probably diverged about 11.5 million years ago. The genera within the Felinae diverged between 10.67 and 4.23 million years ago.

Today, the following living genera and species are recognised as belonging to the Felinae:

Genus	Species	Image of type species	Range
Acinonyx Brookes, 1828	Cheetah (A. jubatus) Schreber, 1777		Africa and Southwestern Asia
Caracal Gray, 1843	Caracal (C. caracal) (Schreber, 1776) African golden cat (C. aurata) (Temminck, 1827)		Africa and Southwestern Asia
Catopuma Severtzov, 1858	Asian golden cat (C. temminckii) (Vigors & Horsfield, 1827) Bay cat (C. badia) (Gray, 1874)		Southeastern Asia
Felis Linnaeus, 1758	Domestic cat (F. catus) Linnaeus, 1758 European wildcat (F. silvestris) Schreber, 1777 Jungle cat (F. chaus) Schreber, 1777 African wildcat (F. lybica) Forster, 1780 Black-footed cat (F. nigripes) Burchell, 1824 Sand cat (F. margarita) Loche, 1858 Chinese mountain cat (F. bieti) Milne-Edwards, 1892		Afro-Eurasia Worldwide (Domestic Cat)
Herpailurus Severtzov, 1858	Jaguarundi (H. yagouaroundi) (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803)		Central and Southern America
Leopardus Gray, 1842	Ocelot (L. pardalis) (Linnaeus, 1758) Oncilla (L. tigrinus) (Schreber, 1775) Pampas cat (L. colocolo) (Molina, 1782) Kodkod (L. guigna) (Molina, 1782) Margay (L. wiedii) (Schinz, 1821) Geoffroy's cat (L. geoffroyi) (d'Orbigny & Gervais, 1844) Andean mountain cat (L. jacobitus) (Cornalia, 1865) Southern tiger cat (L. guttulus) (Hensel, 1872)		Central and Southern America
Leptailurus Severtzov, 1858	Serval (L. serval) (Schreber, 1775)		Africa
Lynx Kerr, 1792	Eurasian lynx (L. lynx) (Linnaeus, 1758) Bobcat (L. rufus) (Schreber, 1777) Canada lynx (L. canadensis) Kerr, 1792 Iberian lynx (L. pardinus) (Temminck, 1827)		Northern Hemisphere
Otocolobus Brandt, 1842	Pallas's cat (O. manul) (Pallas, 1776)		Central Asia
Pardofelis Severtzov, 1858	Marbled cat (P. marmorata) (Martin, 1836)		Southeastern Asia
Prionailurus Severtzov, 1858	Leopard cat (P. bengalensis) (Kerr, 1792) Sunda leopard cat (P. javanensis) (Desmarest, 1816) Flat-headed cat (P. planiceps) (Vigors & Horsfield, 1827) Fishing cat (P. viverrinus) (Bennett, 1833) Rusty-spotted cat (P. rubiginosus) (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1834)		Southeastern and Eastern Asia
Puma Jardine 1834	Cougar (P. concolor) Linnaeus, 1771		Americas

Extinct taxa

Genus	Species	Image
Felis	Felis lunensis
Acinonyx	A. aicha A. intermedius A. pardinensis
Lynx	L. issiodorensis L. rexroadensis L. thomasi
Puma	P. lacustris P. pardoides P. pumoides
Leopardus	L. vorohuensis
Leptofelis Salesa et al., 2017	L. vallesiensis
Miracinonyx Adams, 1979	M. inexpectatus M. trumani
Pratifelis Hibbard, 1934	P. martini
Pristifelis Salesa et al., 2012	P. attica
Sivapanthera Kretzoi, 1929	S. arvernensis S. brachygnathus S. linxiaensis S. padhriensis S. pleistocaenicus S. potens
Vishnufelis Pilgrim, 1932	V. laticeps

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships of Felinae are shown in the following cladogram:

See also

• Cats portal
• List of felids

References

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External links

• [REDACTED] Media related to Felinae at Wikimedia Commons

• Felids
• Felines
• Taxa named by Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim
• Extant Miocene first appearances