Feqiyê Teyran (born Mir Mehemed, Kurdish: فەقیێ تەیران, romanized: Feqiyê Teyran, 1590–1660) was a Kurdish poet who wrote in Kurmanji. He is best known for his work Zembîlfiroş, and is also credited for writing the first literary account of the Battle of Dimdim which took place in 1609 and 1610. He is considered a pioneer in Kurdish Sufi literature and one of the founders of the Kurdish literary tradition with Ali Hariri, Melayê Cizîrî, Mela Huseynê Bateyî and Ehmedê Xanî.
Biography
The first written information about Teyran stems from Mahmud Bayazidi in the mid-19th century. He was born in the village of Verezuz/Verezor, in Miks, Hakkâri of the Ottoman Empire and graduated from a madrasa. During his studies, he travelled to Hizan, Finik, Heşete and also to Cizre of Bohtan where he could have studied under Melayê Cizîrî. Instead of becoming a mullah, he continued to work on poetry as a profession and would wander around like a dervish and read his poems to the assemblies and madrasas he visited. His father was named Abdullah and Teyran plausibly came from a family of beys since he used the title mir. He died in Miks, but his tombstone was only found in 2013 in the village of Şandis in Hizan.
Style and legacy
Poems of Teyran which have been described as 'colorful' have subsequently been used in Kurdish folk music. He wrote in plain language, used folklore elements and drew attention to mysticism. Subjects included divine love, knowledge, wisdom, female beauty, nature and the waḥdat al-wujūd. His poems were written in prosody and he preferred quatrains over couplets.
Works
- Hikâyetâ Şeyh-i San’ân (1621)
- Kısseyâ Bersîs
- Kavlê Hespê Reş
- Dilo Rabê (1631)
- Cezerî (1640, written to Melayê Cizîrî)
- Zembîlfiroş
- Bersîsê Âbid
- Beyta Dimdim
References
- ^ Omarkhali, Khanna (2011). "Yezidi religious oral poetic literature: Status, formal characteristics and genre analysis". Scrinium. 7–8 (2). Brill Publishers: 155. doi:10.1163/18177565-90000247.
- Kreyenbroek, Philip G. (2005). "Kurdish written literature". Encyclopedia Iranica.
- "1 زەمبیلفرۆش كێیە و چۆن گەیشتە باتیفا". Wishe. November 1, 2016.
- Hassanpour, Amir (1995). "DIMDIM". Encyclopedia Iranica. VII.
- ^ Özel, Ahmet (2016). "FAKĪ-yi TEYRÂN". TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (in Turkish).
- Leezenberg, Michiel (2020). "Between Islamic Learning and Philological Nationalism: Mullah Mahmûdê Bayazîdî's Auto-ethnography of the Kurds". Die Welt des Islams. 6 (4). Brill Publishers: 433–472. doi:10.1163/15700607-00600A09. hdl:11245.1/a4ce3840-01e3-49d4-b822-e6b49849a5df.
Further reading
- Mohammad, Sheelan Y.; Mohammad, Abdi H. (2019). شرۆڤهكرنا چیرۆكه شیعرا "بهرصیصێ عابد" یا "فهقیێ تهیران" لدویڤ تیۆرا گریماسى (ئهركێ كریارێن كاراكتهران و ئهركێ زنجیرهیى) – خواندنهكا ڤهگێرانناسى یه- [Analysis of the epic "Bersisi Abed" for poet "Faqi Tayran" according to Grimas Theory]. Humanities Journal of University of Zakho (in Kurdish). 7 (3): 283–294. doi:10.26436/hjuoz.2019.7.3.513.
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