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Gansu mole
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Eulipotyphla
Family:	Talpidae
Tribe:	Scalopini
Genus:	Scapanulus Thomas, 1912
Species:	S. oweni
Binomial name
Scapanulus oweni Thomas, 1912
Gansu mole range

The Gansu mole (Scapanulus oweni) is a species of mammal in the family Talpidae endemic to central China, where it occurs in Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, and Qinghai. It is the only species in the genus Scapanulus.

Along with the Medog mole (Alpiscaptulus medogensis), which is also found in the mountains of China, the Gansu mole is the only member of the tribe Scalopini to not live in North America. Phylogenetic and fossil evidence indicates that the scalopine moles evolved in Eurasia and migrated to North America during the Neogene; however, the Gansu and Medog moles are not relict Eurasian scalopine moles, but are descendants of North American scalopine moles that migrated back to Eurasia; the hairy-tailed mole (Parascalops breweri) of North America is more closely related to them than it is to the other two North American scalopine genera.

Phylogenetic evidence supports the Gansu and Medog moles being the closest living relatives of one another and diverging the mid-late Miocene, about 11.59 million years ago. It is thought that the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the subsequent climate change isolated the two genera in different habitats, leading to their divergence. The habitats for both species may have served as refugia during periods of glaciation, allowing them to persist while most other Eurasian scalopines went extinct.

The morphology of the Gansu mole indicates that it will fall in the Scalopini tribe. All scolopines are distributed in Central America;however, Gansu moles are distributed in the Central and Southwest areas of China. The first specimen of Scapanulus oweni was found by G. Fenwick Owen in 1911 in Gansu, China. The genome of the species is 16,826 bases in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and a displacement loop gene.

References

1. ^ Smith, A.T.; Johnston, C.H. (2017) . "Scapanulus oweni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41472A115188420. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T41472A22322596.en.
2. Hutterer, R. (2005). "Order Soricomorpha". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 302. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
3. ^ Chen, Zhong-Zheng; He, Shui-Wang; Hu, Wen-Hao; Song, Wen-Yu; Onditi, Kenneth O; Li, Xue-You; Jiang, Xue-Long (2021-01-08). "Morphology and phylogeny of scalopine moles (Eulipotyphla: Talpidae: Scalopini) from the eastern Himalayas, with descriptions of a new genus and species". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 193 (2): 432–444. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa172. ISSN 0024-4082.
4. Li, Y., Li, J., & Zhang, Y. (2016). Fossil Scapanulus oweni (Eulipotyphla, Mammalia) from the Shanyangzhai Cave, Middle Pleistocene, Qinhuangdao, China. Quaternary International, 392, 197–202. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.08.001
5. He, K., Wang, J., Su, W., Li, Q., Nie, W., & Jiang, X. (2012). Karyotype of the Gansu mole (Scapanulus oweni): Further evidence for karyotypic stability in talpid . Karyotype of the Gansu Mole (Scapanulus Oweni): Further Evidence for Karyotypic Stability in Talpid, 37(4), 341–348. doi:10.3106/041.037.0408

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