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Gleam (programming language)

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Programming language

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Gleam
Lucy, the starfish mascot for Gleam
ParadigmMulti-paradigm: functional, concurrent
Designed byLouis Pilfold
DeveloperLouis Pilfold
First appearedJune 13, 2016; 8 years ago (2016-06-13)
Stable release1.7.0 Edit this on Wikidata / 4 January 2025
Typing disciplineType-safe, static, inferred
Memory managementGarbage collected
Implementation languageRust
OSFreeBSD, Linux, macOS, OpenBSD, Windows
LicenseApache License 2.0
Filename extensions.gleam
Websitegleam.run
Influenced by

Gleam is a general-purpose, concurrent, functional high-level programming language that compiles to Erlang or JavaScript source code.

Gleam is a statically-typed language, which is different from the most popular languages that run on Erlang’s virtual machine BEAM, Erlang and Elixir. Gleam has its own type-safe implementation of OTP, Erlang's actor framework. Packages are provided using the Hex package manager, and an index for finding packages written for Gleam is available.

History

The first numbered version of Gleam was released on April 15, 2019. Compiling to JavaScript was introduced with version v0.16.

In 2023 the Erlang Ecosystem Foundation funded the creation of a course for learning Gleam on the learning platform Exercism.

Version v1.0.0 was released on March 4, 2024.

Features

Gleam includes the following features, many common to other functional programming languages:

Example

A "Hello, World!" example: 

import gleam/io
pub fn main() {
  io.println("hello, world!")
}

Gleam supports tail call optimization: 

pub fn factorial(x: Int) -> Int {
  // The public function calls the private tail recursive function
  factorial_loop(x, 1)
}
fn factorial_loop(x: Int, accumulator: Int) -> Int {
  case x {
    1 -> accumulator
    // The last thing this function does is call itself
    _ -> factorial_loop(x - 1, accumulator * x)
  }
}

Implementation

Gleam's toolchain is implemented in the Rust programming language. The toolchain is a single native binary executable which contains the compiler, build tool, package manager, source code formatter, and language server. A WebAssembly binary containing the Gleam compiler is also available, enabling Gleam code to be compiled within a web browser.

References

  1. "gleam-lang/gleam Issues - New logo and mascot #2551". GitHub.
  2. ^ "Gleam Homepage". 2024.
  3. "Release 1.7.0". January 4, 2025. Retrieved January 21, 2025.
  4. "Installing Gleam". 2024.
  5. "Gleam License File". GitHub. December 5, 2021.
  6. Pilfold, Louis (February 7, 2024). "Gleam: Past, Present, Future!". Fosdem 2024 – via YouTube.
  7. Krill, Paul (March 5, 2024). "Gleam language available in first stable release". InfoWorld. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  8. ^ Eastman, David (June 22, 2024). "Introduction to Gleam, a New Functional Programming Language". The New Stack. Retrieved July 29, 2024.
  9. De Simone, Sergio (March 16, 2024). "Erlang-Runtime Statically-Typed Functional Language Gleam Reaches 1.0". InfoQ. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  10. Getting to know Actors in Gleam - Raúl Chouza. Code BEAM America. March 27, 2024. Retrieved May 6, 2024 – via YouTube.
  11. "Introducing the Gleam package index – Gleam". gleam.run. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
  12. "Hello, Gleam! – Gleam". gleam.run. Retrieved May 6, 2024.
  13. "v0.16 - Gleam compiles to JavaScript! – Gleam". gleam.run. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
  14. Alistair, Woodman (December 2023). "Erlang Ecosystem Foundation Annual General Meeting 2023 Chair's Report".
  15. "Gleam version 1 – Gleam". gleam.run. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
  16. "Tail Calls". The Gleam Language Tour. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  17. gleam-lang/gleam, Gleam, May 6, 2024, retrieved May 6, 2024

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