 | This article should specify the language of its non-English content, using {{lang}}, {{transliteration}} for transliterated languages, and {{IPA}} for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate ISO 639 code. Misplaced Pages's multilingual support templates may also be used. See why. (December 2021) |
| Kaure–Kosare | |
|---|---|
| Nawa River | |
| Geographic distribution | Nawa River, New Guinea |
| Linguistic classification | a primary language family |
| Subdivisions | |
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | kaur1274 |
 Map: The Kaure–Kapori languages of New Guinea
The Kaure–Kapori languages
Trans–New Guinea languages
Other Papuan languages
Austronesian languages
Uninhabited | |
The Kaure–Kosare or Nawa River languages are a small family spoken along the Nawa River in West Papua, near the northern border with Papua New Guinea. The languages are Kaure and Kosare.
Classification
Kaure and Kosare (Kosadle) are clearly related. There is a history of classifying them with the Kapori–Sause languages. However, Kapori and Sause show no particular connection to the Kaure languages, and may be closer to Kwerba.
Foley (2018) considers a connection with Trans-New Guinea to be promising, but tentatively leaves Kaure-Kosare out as an independent language family pending further evidence.
Proto-language
Phonemes
Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows:
*m *n *p *t *k *b *g *s *h *w *ɽ
Coda consonants are stop *C (or more precisely *P) and nasal *N.
*i *u *e *o *ɛ *ɔ *æ *a
Diphthongs are *ɛi, *ɛu, *ai *au.
Pronouns
Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as:
sg pl 1 *no (?), *na- *wɛN 2 *ha-(nɛ) ? 3 ? ?
Basic vocabulary
Some lexical reconstructions by Usher (2020) are:
gloss Proto-Nawa River hair *haⁱ ear *hwɔkɽuC eye *hwe̝N tusk/tooth *pakaⁱ skin/bark *ki breast *muN louse *miN dog *se̝ pig *pî bird *ho̝C tree *tɛⁱC woman *naⁱ sun *hniC moon *paka water *mi fire *sa(-ɛN) eat *naⁱ
Vocabulary comparison
The following basic vocabulary words are from Voorhoeve (1971, 1975) and other sources, as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database.
The words cited constitute translation equivalents, whether they are cognate (e.g. poka, paka for “moon”) or not (e.g. goklu, huaglüt, kɔro for “ear”).
gloss Kaure Kosare Narau head kasera; pleŋ; pɔklai potɔ´ hair hai; hat potɔi fukura hai ear goklu; huaglüt 'kɔro eye gewe; hwai; hwew ĩsɛrit nose gopo; hapu moro 'kakò tooth sbeje; səbokai pɛki sebekai tongue sremu; sɾumu pɛrɛ´ leg due; duɛ nue louse mi; mĩ mi dog se sé pig pi pi kandu bird hou; hu; ku o egg hore; te; wale ho's̪ɛri blood hi; katesa; katsa ña bone era; laq; loa 'kákò skin aguli; arohei; axlit breast mu; muq kó kakò tree te; tei; teija tĩⁿdi bimesini man debla; dido nepra woman dae ḑɩmɔ'kasia sky lɛbü nubɷ sun hafei; haɾi; harei ɛnɛ´ⸯ kaberja moon gaka; poka paka water bi; biq; gomesi biɛ bi fire sa; saʔ; sareŋ sá sare stone təsi; tɛsi; tisi 'naka road, path selu kɛmɔrɔ´ name bəre; blɛ; nokomne morɔ eat ganasi; kadi; kandɛ kɛnɛ´ kanaisini one gogotia; kauxjaʔ; kaxotia kora'ɸɛ two tɾapli; təravərei; trapi tau
See also
References
- ^ New Guinea World, Nawa River
- Foley, William A. (2018). "The languages of Northwest New Guinea". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 433–568. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
- Voorhoeve, C.L. "Miscellaneous Notes on Languages in West Irian, New Guinea". In Dutton, T., Voorhoeve, C. and Wurm, S.A. editors, Papers in New Guinea Linguistics No. 14. A-28:47-114. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1971. doi:10.15144/PL-A28.47
- Voorhoeve, C.L. Languages of Irian Jaya: Checklist. Preliminary classification, language maps, wordlists. B-31, iv + 133 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1975. doi:10.15144/PL-B31
- Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.
- Clouse, D.A. 1997. Towards a reconstruction and reclassification of the Lakes Plain languages of Irian Jaya. In Franklin, K. (ed). Papers in Papuan Linguistics No. 2. Pacific Linguistics: Canberra.
- Heeschen, V. 1978. The Mek languages of Irian Jaya with special reference to the Eipo language. Irian, 2: 3-67.
- Ross, Malcolm (2005). "Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages". In Andrew Pawley; Robert Attenborough; Robin Hide; Jack Golson (eds.). Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 15–66. ISBN 0858835622. OCLC 67292782.
External links
- Kaure languages database at TransNewGuinea.org
- Timothy Usher, New Guinea World, Proto–Nawa River
| Primary language families | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Africa |
| ||||
| Eurasia (Europe and Asia) |
| ||||
| New Guinea and the Pacific |
| ||||
| Australia |
| ||||
| North America |
| ||||
| Mesoamerica |
| ||||
| South America |
| ||||
| Sign languages |
| ||||
| See also | |||||
| |||||