Misplaced Pages

This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: "Khúc Thừa Dụ" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Part of a series on the
History of Vietnam
Prehistoric Paleolithic Sơn Vi culture 20,000 BC–12,000 BC Mesolithic Hoabinhian 12,000 BC–10,000 BC Neolithic Bắc Sơn culture 10,000 BC–8,000 BC Quỳnh Văn culture 8,000 BC–6,000 BC Đa Bút culture 4,000 BC–3,000 BC Bronze and Iron Ages Phùng Nguyên culture 2,000 BC–1,500 BC Đồng Đậu culture 1,500 BC–1,000 BC Gò Mun culture 1,000–800 BC Dong Son culture (1,000 BC–100 AD) Sa Huỳnh culture (1,000 BC–200 AD) Óc Eo culture (1–630 AD)
Ancient Hồng Bàng dynasty 2879 BC–258 BC Thục dynasty 257 BC–179 BC Triệu dynasty 204 BC–111 BC
Dominated 1st Chinese domination 111 BC–40 AD Trung sisters' rebellion 40–43 2nd Chinese domination 43–544 Early Lý dynasty 544–602 3rd Chinese domination 602–938
Dynastic Ngô dynasty 939–965 Anarchy of the 12 Warlords 965–968 Đinh dynasty 968–980 Early Lê dynasty 980–1009 Later Lý dynasty 1009–1225 Trần dynasty 1225–1400 Hồ dynasty 1400–1407 4th Chinese domination 1407–1428 Later Lê dynasty 1428–1527 Mạc dynasty 1527–1592 Later Lê Restoration 1533–1789 Tây Sơn dynasty 1778–1802 Nguyễn dynasty 1802–1945
Colonial French Cochinchina 1862–1949 French Annam 1883–1949 French Tonkin 1883–1949 French Indochina 1887–1954 Empire of Vietnam 1945
Republic North Vietnam 1945–1976 Republic of South Vietnam 1975–1976 South Vietnam 1955–1975 State of Vietnam 1949–1955 Socialist Republic of Vietnam 1976-now
Non-Vietnamese history Funan 68–627 Champa 192–1832 Cát Tiên archaeological site 300–800 Chenla 550–781 Nanzhao 738–902 Khmer Empire 802–1431 Dali Kingdom 937–1253 Nung-Zhuang kingdom 1042–1052 Ngưu Hống 1061–1432 Jarai kingdoms 1100–1904 Sip Song Chau Tai 1600–1954 Principality of Hà Tiên 1707–1832
By topic Agriculture Dynasties Economy Historical capitals Immigration Military Monarchs Names Naval Women Indochina Wars
Vietnam portal
v t e

Khúc Thừa Dụ (Chinese: 曲承裕; pinyin: Qū Chéngyù) or Khúc Tiên Chủ (曲先主; Qū Xiānzhǔ) (830–907) was a jiedushi of Tĩnh Hải quân, nominally under the Chinese Tang dynasty, in the early 10th century.

Khúc Thừa Dụ was the head of the Khúc family in Hải Dương and was well known by people in the region for his wealth and benevolence. Khúc Thừa Dụ began to rule the region when the Tang dynasty entered its final stage of collapse, and is considered the ruler who marked the beginning of an independent Vietnam, which had until then been ruled by China. When he died in 907, his position was inherited by his son Khúc Hạo who continued to strengthen the autonomy and prosperity of the region.

History

According to Từ điển Bách khoa toàn thư Việt Nam, the date of birth of Khúc Thừa Dụ was unknown but he was from Hồng Châu, Cúc Bồ (now Ninh Giang, Hải Dương, Vietnam). The Khúc family of which Khúc Thừa Dụ was a member was a powerful clan with a long history and tradition in Hồng Châu. It was said that Khúc Thừa Dụ was known for his hospitality and generosity that made him an admired figure by people in the region. Keith Weller Taylor in his The Birth of Vietnam wrote that this background information about Khúc Thừa Dụ appeared in the 18th century in an unofficial source (dã sử) therefore one cannot draw firm conclusions from it.

In the early 10th century, the Tang dynasty began to fall into chaos and could not hold its authority in Tĩnh Hải quân (now northern Vietnam) when the Chinese jiedushi Zeng Gun with his soldiers had to abandon the region in 880. From 880 to 905, the Tang appointed a series of short-term governors, none of whom actually held power in the region. Eventually, Khúc Thừa Dụ claimed the position jiedushi of Tĩnh Hải quân which marked the beginning of the independence of Vietnam. While Vietnam still nominally belonged to the Tang dynasty, it was now autonomous with a native ruler who could decide matters without any interference from China. As the Tang dynasty did not have any more strength to begin a military campaign against Tĩnh Hải quân, the Tang emperor had to accept the autonomy of that region by giving Khúc Thừa Dụ the title of chancellor (đồng bình chương sự), as well as his position of jiedushi in the first month of 906. This appointment was recorded in Sima Guang's Zizhi Tongjian, and it was the first time Khúc Thừa Dụ was mentioned in Chinese historical records.

Khúc Thừa Dụ died in the seventh month of 907 and was succeeded by his son Khúc Hạo who continued to consolidate the autonomy of Tĩnh Hải quân. For his achievement, Khúc Thừa Dụ was respectfully called by people Khúc Tiên chủ or Khúc Tiên chúa (曲先主; Qū Xiānzhǔ; 'Khúc the First Master ') and he is still worshipped in a temple dedicated to him in his native province. On the other hand, in old historical books such as Đại Việt sử lược or Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư, it was Khúc Hạo, instead of Khúc Thừa Dụ, who was mentioned as the first member of the Khúc family holding the position jiedushi. According to Đại Việt sử lược, he took over the title from another jiedushi named Dugu Sun while in Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư, Khúc Hạo appointed himself jiedushi after starting a revolt that took control of Tĩnh Hải quân. Trần Trọng Kim in his Việt Nam sử lược believed that it was Khúc Thừa Dụ who started a revolt and claimed the title. Keith Weller Taylor argued that since the power was smoothly transferred from Khúc Thừa Dụ to his son Khúc Hạo and there was no indication of political conflict between 880 and 906, one can reason that the Khúc family was actually in control of the country throughout those years.

References

Notes

1. Anh Thư Hà, Hồng Đức Trần A Brief Chronology of Vietnam's History 2000 - Page 28 "Khúc Thỉr̉a Dụ (905-907) Khúc Thừa Dụ, a native of Cúc Bổ (Ninh Thanh, Hải Dương province nowadays), was a mild-mannered rich man who enjoyed the admiration of the local inhabitants.
2. ^ Trần Trọng Kim 1971, p. 28
3. ^ Đinh Xuân Lâm; et al. (2005). Từ điển nhân vật lịch sử Việt Nam (in Vietnamese). Hanoi: Education Publishing House. p. 102.
4. ^ National Bureau for Historical Record 1998, pp. 72–73
5. ^ Taylor, Keith Weller (1976). The birth of Vietnam. University of California Press. pp. 259–260. ISBN 0-520-04428-2.
6. Chapuis 1995, p. 35
7. "POLITICS IN BRIEF 16/11". Vietnamnet.vn. 2009-11-16. Archived from the original on 2009-11-22.
8. ^ Ngô Sĩ Liên 1993, p. 52
9. ^ Nguyễn Gia Tường (translator) (1993). Đại Việt sử lược. Ho Chi Minh City: Ho Chi Minh City Publishing House, University of Ho Chi Minh City. p. 21. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)

Bibliography

• National Bureau for Historical Record (1998), Khâm định Việt sử Thông giám cương mục (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Education Publishing House
• Chapuis, Oscar (1995), A history of Vietnam: from Hong Bang to Tu Duc, Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 0-313-29622-7
• Ngô Sĩ Liên (1993), Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư (in Vietnamese) (Nội các quan bản ed.), Hanoi: Social Science Publishing House
• Trần Trọng Kim (1971), Việt Nam sử lược (in Vietnamese), Saigon: Center for School Materials

• 907 deaths
• Tang dynasty jiedushi of Jinghai Circuit
• 9th-century births
• People from Hải Dương province