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Kuwajima Formation
Stratigraphic range: Barremian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Unit of	Tetori Group
Sub-units	Lower Member, Upper Member
Underlies	Akaiwa Formation
Overlies	Gomijima Formation
Lithology
Primary	Sandstone, Mudstone
Location
Country	Japan

The Kuwajima Formation is an Early Cretaceous geologic formation in Japan. Its precise age is uncertain due to a lack of identifying fossils, and it was previously considered likely Valanginian to Hauterivian in age. However, it is now considered to probably be Barremian in age. Dinosaurs and other vertebrates has been recovered from the Kaseki-kabe "Fossil-bluff" locality in the uppermost part of the formation.

The multituberculate mammals Hakusanobaatar matsuoi and Tedoribaatar reini are known from the Kuwajima Formation. A member of Tritylodontidae, Montirictus kuwajimaensis, has also been recovered from the unit.

Vertebrate Paleobiota

After Matsuoka et al. (2002)

Fish

Amphibians

Choristoderes

Choristoderes reported from the Kuwajima Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Monjurosuchus	Indeterminate	Kaseki-kabe	Facies III
Neochoristodera	Indeterminate		Facies I		The first report of a neochoristodere from Japan
Choristodera	Indeterminate	Kaseki-kabe	Facies III

Squamates

Squamates reported from the Kuwajima Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Asagaolacerta	A. tricuspidens	Kaseki-kabe	Facies III	"An association of skull, jaws and postcranial bones of a small lizard with facetted tricuspid teeth, possibly a right maxilla"
Hakuseps	H. imberis	Kaseki-kabe	Facies III	An almost complete left dentary
Kaganaias	K. hakusanensis	Kaseki-kabe	Facies III	"Part and counterpart of articulated partial skeleton comprising parts of the dors. vert. series and parts of the tail, pelvis, and hind limbs"
Kuroyuriella	K. mikikoi	Kaseki-kabe	Facies III	"A disarticulated skull on four originally conjoined blocks, an association on two small blocks"
Kuwajimalla	K. kagaensis	Kaseki-kabe	Facies III
Sakurasaurus	Indeterminate	Kaseki-kabe	Facies III	"Small block with disarticulated association of skull bones, vertebrae, ribs, pelvis and hindlimb bones"
Paramacellodidae	Indeterminate	Kaseki-kabe	Facies III
Squamata	Indeterminate	Kaseki-kabe	Facies III		Five distinct taxa

Dinosaurs

Other reptiles

Mammaliamorphs

Invertebrate Paleobiota

See also

• List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations

References

1. Fujita, M. (2003). "Geological age and correlation of the vertebrate-bearing horizons in the Tetori Group". Memoir of the Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum. 2: 3–14.
2. Amiot, Romain; Kusuhashi, Nao; Saegusa, Haruo; Shibata, Masateru; Ikegami, Naoki; Shimojima, Shizuo; Sonoda, Teppei; Fourel, François; Ikeda, Tadahiro; Lécuyer, Christophe; Philippe, Marc; Wang, Xu (2021-01-01). "Paleoclimate and ecology of Cretaceous continental ecosystems of Japan inferred from the stable oxygen and carbon isotope compositions of vertebrate bioapatite". Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 205: 104602. Bibcode:2021JAESc.20504602A. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2020.104602. ISSN 1367-9120.
3. ^ Ohashi, T.; Barrett, P. M. (2009). "A new ornithischian dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Kuwajima Formation of Japan". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (3): 748–757. Bibcode:2009JVPal..29..748O. doi:10.1671/039.029.0306. S2CID 128546047.
4. ^ Kusuhashi, Nao (September 2008). "Early Cretaceous Multituberculate Mammals from the Kuwajima Formation (Tetori Group), Central Japan". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 53 (3): 379–390. doi:10.4202/app.2008.0302. ISSN 0567-7920.
5. ^ Hiroshige Matsuoka, Nao Kusuhashi and Ian J. Corfe (2016). "A new Early Cretaceous tritylodontid (Synapsida, Cynodontia, Mammaliamorpha) from the Kuwajima Formation (Tetori Group) of central Japan". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. Online edition:
6. Hiroshige, MATSUOKA; Nao, KUSUHASHI; Takahiro, TAKADA; Takeshi, SETOGUCHI (2002). "A clue to the Neocomian vertebrate fauna: initial results from the Kuwajima ""Kaseki-kabe"" (Tetori Group) in Shiramine, Ishikawa, central Japan". Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Series of Geology and Mineralogy. 59 (1): 33–45.
7. Matsumoto, Ryoko; Evans, Susan E. (2018-01-03). "The first record of albanerpetontid amphibians (Amphibia: Albanerpetontidae) from East Asia". PLOS ONE. 13 (1): e0189767. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1389767M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0189767. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5752013. PMID 29298317.
8. ^ Mizukami, Ayano; Matsumoto, Ryoko; Wani, Ryoji; Evans, Susan E. (2023-01-04). "A Three-Dimensionally Preserved Frog (Amphibia, Anura) from the Lower Cretaceous Kuwajima Formation, Tetori Group, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan". Paleontological Research. 27 (3). doi:10.2517/PR210031. ISSN 1342-8144.
9. Matsumoto, Ryoko; Manabe, Makoto; Evans, Susan E. (2015-07-04). "The first record of a long-snouted choristodere (Reptilia, Diapsida) from the Early Cretaceous of Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan". Historical Biology. 27 (5): 583–594. Bibcode:2015HBio...27..583M. doi:10.1080/08912963.2014.898296. ISSN 0891-2963.
10. Evans, Susan E.; Manabe, Makoto (March 2008). "An early herbivorous lizard from the Lower Cretaceous of Japan". Palaeontology. 51 (2): 487–498. Bibcode:2008Palgy..51..487E. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00759.x. ISSN 0031-0239.
11. ^ Barrett, Paul M.; Ohashi, Tomoyuki (October 2015). "Ornithischian dinosaur material from the Kuwajima Formation (Tetori Group: Lower Cretaceous) of Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan". Historical Biology. 28 (1–2): 280–288. doi:10.1080/08912963.2015.1032273. ISSN 0891-2963. S2CID 128909019.
12. MATSUOKA H. (2000). Fossils of the Kuwajima "Kasekikabe" (Fossil Bluff): a scientific report on a Neocomian (Early Cretaceous) fossil assemblage of the Kuwajima Formation, Tetori Group, Ishikawa, Japan.
13. Rougier, Guillermo W.; Isaji, Shinji; Manabe, Makoto (2007). "An Early Cretaceous Mammal from the Kuwajima Formation (Tetori Group), Japan, and a Reassessment of Triconodont Phylogeny". Annals of Carnegie Museum. 76 (2): 73. doi:10.2992/0097-4463(2007)76[73:aecmft]2.0.co;2. ISSN 0097-4463.

• Geologic formations of Japan
• Lower Cretaceous Series of Asia
• Cretaceous Japan
• Barremian Stage