Misplaced Pages

List of Jewish members of the United States Congress

Article snapshot taken from[REDACTED] with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.

This is a list of Jewish members of the United States Congress. As of 2025, there are 10 Jewish senators and 24 Jewish members of the House of Representatives serving in the United States Congress.

Senate

Further information: Religious affiliation in the United States Senate
Senator Party State Term Notes
Start End Length of
service
David Levy Yulee Democratic Florida July 1, 1845 March 4, 1851 5 years, 246 days Lost renomination
March 4, 1855 January 21, 1861 5 years, 323 days Withdrew from the Senate in 1861 following the secession of Florida from the Union
Judah P. Benjamin Whig
(1853–1856)
Louisiana March 4, 1853 February 4, 1861 7 years, 337 days Withdrew from the Senate in 1861 following the secession of Louisiana from the Union
Democratic
(1856–1861)
Benjamin F. Jonas Democratic Louisiana March 4, 1879 March 4, 1885 6 years, 0 days Lost renomination
Joseph Simon Republican Oregon October 7, 1898 March 4, 1903 4 years, 148 days Retired
Isidor Rayner Democratic Maryland March 4, 1905 November 25, 1912 7 years, 266 days Died in office
Simon Guggenheim Republican Colorado March 4, 1907 March 4, 1913 6 years, 0 days Retired
Herbert H. Lehman Democratic New York November 9, 1949 January 3, 1957 7 years, 55 days Retired
Richard L. Neuberger Democratic Oregon January 3, 1955 March 9, 1960 5 years, 66 days Died in office
Jacob K. Javits Republican New York January 9, 1957 January 3, 1981 23 years, 360 days Lost reelection as Liberal Party nominee after having lost Republican Party renomination
Ernest Gruening Democratic Alaska January 3, 1959 January 3, 1969 10 years, 0 days Lost renomination
Lost write-in reelection
Abraham A. Ribicoff Democratic Connecticut January 3, 1963 January 3, 1981 18 years, 0 days Retired
Howard Metzenbaum Democratic Ohio January 4, 1974 December 23, 1974 353 days Resigned to permit governor to appoint winner of general election, after previously having lost renomination for new term
December 29, 1976 January 3, 1995 18 years, 5 days Retired
Richard Stone Democratic Florida January 1, 1975 December 31, 1980 5 years, 365 days Lost renomination
Edward Zorinsky Democratic Nebraska December 28, 1976 March 6, 1987 10 years, 68 days Died in office
Rudy Boschwitz Republican Minnesota December 30, 1978 January 3, 1991 12 years, 4 days Lost reelection
William Cohen Republican Maine January 3, 1979 January 3, 1997 18 years, 0 days Retired
Carl Levin Democratic Michigan January 3, 1979 January 3, 2015 36 years, 0 days Retired
Warren Rudman Republican New Hampshire December 29, 1980 January 3, 1993 12 years, 5 days Retired
Arlen Specter Republican
(1981–2009)
Pennsylvania January 3, 1981 January 3, 2011 30 years, 0 days Lost renomination by the Democratic Party, to which he had switched the prior year.
Democratic
(2009–2011)
Frank Lautenberg Democratic New Jersey December 27, 1982 January 3, 2001 18 years, 7 days Retired
January 3, 2003 June 3, 2013 10 years, 151 days Died in office
Chic Hecht Republican Nevada January 3, 1983 January 3, 1989 6 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Herb Kohl Democratic Wisconsin January 3, 1989 January 3, 2013 24 years, 0 days Retired
Joe Lieberman Democratic
(1989–2006)
Connecticut January 3, 1989 January 3, 2013 24 years, 0 days Lost renomination, but re-elected on the Connecticut for Lieberman ticket in 2006
Retired
Independent
(2006–2013)
Paul Wellstone Democratic (DFL) Minnesota January 3, 1991 October 25, 2002 11 years, 295 days Died in office
Dianne Feinstein Democratic California November 10, 1992 September 29, 2023 30 years, 323 days Died in office
Barbara Boxer Democratic California January 3, 1993 January 3, 2017 24 years, 0 days Retired
Russ Feingold Democratic Wisconsin January 3, 1993 January 3, 2011 18 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Ron Wyden Democratic Oregon February 6, 1996 Incumbent 28 years, 348 days
Chuck Schumer Democratic New York January 3, 1999 Incumbent 26 years, 16 days First Jewish Senate Majority Leader and Senate Minority Leader
Norm Coleman Republican Minnesota January 3, 2003 January 3, 2009 6 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Ben Cardin Democratic Maryland January 3, 2007 January 3, 2025 18 years, 0 days Retired
Bernie Sanders Independent Vermont January 3, 2007 Incumbent 18 years, 16 days Elected as an Independent. Began identifying alternately as an Independent or Democrat while running in the 2016 Democratic presidential primaries. Officially joined the Democratic Party after signing a declaratory pledge, but kept his independent affiliation in the Senate.
Al Franken Democratic (DFL) Minnesota July 7, 2009 January 2, 2018 8 years, 179 days Resigned
Michael Bennet Democratic Colorado January 21, 2009 Incumbent 15 years, 364 days
Richard Blumenthal Democratic Connecticut January 3, 2011 Incumbent 14 years, 16 days
Brian Schatz Democratic Hawaii December 26, 2012 Incumbent 12 years, 24 days
Jacky Rosen Democratic Nevada January 3, 2019 Incumbent 6 years, 16 days
Jon Ossoff Democratic Georgia January 20, 2021 Incumbent 3 years, 365 days
Adam Schiff Democratic California December 9, 2024 Incumbent 41 days
Elissa Slotkin Democratic Michigan January 3, 2025 Incumbent 16 days

Elected to the Senate, but not seated

Senator-elect Party State Year elected Notes
Michael Hahn Republican Louisiana 1865 Not seated due to policy of Radical Republicans not to seat any senators-elect from former Confederate states until a Reconstruction plan had been adopted

List of states represented by Jewish senators

Map of current Jewish senators. Blue means that there currently is one Jewish senator from that state. Gray means that there currently are no Jewish senators from that state.

Twenty-two states have been represented by Jewish senators. As of January 3, 2025, 10 states are represented by Jewish senators.

State Current Previous Total First Jewish senator
Alabama 0 0 0
Alaska 0 1 1 Ernest Gruening
Arizona 0 0 0
Arkansas 0 0 0
California 1 2 3 Dianne Feinstein
Colorado 1 1 2 Simon Guggenheim
Connecticut 1 2 3 Abraham A. Ribicoff
Delaware 0 0 0
Florida 0 2 2 David Levy Yulee
Georgia 1 0 1 Jon Ossoff
Hawaii 1 0 1 Brian Schatz
Idaho 0 0 0
Illinois 0 0 0
Indiana 0 0 0
Iowa 0 0 0
Kansas 0 0 0
Kentucky 0 0 0
Louisiana 0 2 2 Judah P. Benjamin
Maine 0 1 1 William Cohen
Maryland 0 2 2 Isidor Rayner
Massachusetts 0 0 0
Michigan 1 1 2 Carl Levin
Minnesota 0 4 4 Rudy Boschwitz
Mississippi 0 0 0
Missouri 0 0 0
Montana 0 0 0
Nebraska 0 1 1 Edward Zorinsky
Nevada 1 1 2 Chic Hecht
New Hampshire 0 1 1 Warren Rudman
New Jersey 0 1 1 Frank Lautenberg
New Mexico 0 0 0
New York 1 2 3 Herbert H. Lehman
North Carolina 0 0 0
North Dakota 0 0 0
Ohio 0 1 1 Howard Metzenbaum
Oklahoma 0 0 0
Oregon 1 2 3 Joseph Simon
Pennsylvania 0 1 1 Arlen Specter
Rhode Island 0 0 0
South Carolina 0 0 0
South Dakota 0 0 0
Tennessee 0 0 0
Texas 0 0 0
Utah 0 0 0
Vermont 1 0 1 Bernie Sanders
Virginia 0 0 0
Washington 0 0 0
West Virginia 0 0 0
Wisconsin 0 2 2 Herb Kohl
Wyoming 0 0 0

Concurrently serving Jewish senators from the same state

State Start date End date Duration Senior senator Junior senator
California January 3, 1993 January 3, 2017 24 years, 0 days Dianne Feinstein (D) Barbara Boxer (D)
Wisconsin January 3, 1993 January 3, 2011 18 years, 0 days Herb Kohl (D) Russ Feingold (D)
Connecticut January 3, 2011 January 3, 2013 2 years, 0 days Joe Lieberman (I) Richard Blumenthal (D)

Elections with two Jewish major-party nominees

Incumbent senators are in bold.

Elections with two Jewish major-party nominees
Election year State Winner Second-place finisher
1990 Maine William Cohen Neil Rolde
Minnesota Paul Wellstone Rudy Boschwitz
1992 California Barbara Boxer Bruce Herschensohn
1996 Minnesota Paul Wellstone Rudy Boschwitz
2008 Minnesota Al Franken Norm Coleman
New Jersey Frank Lautenberg Dick Zimmer
2022 Connecticut Richard Blumenthal Leora Levy

Timeline

Elissa SlotkinAdam SchiffJon OssoffJacky RosenBrian SchatzRichard BlumenthalMichael BennetAl FrankenBernie SandersBen CardinNorm ColemanChuck SchumerRon WydenRuss FeingoldBarbara BoxerDianne FeinsteinPaul WellstoneJoe LiebermanHerb KohlChic HechtFrank LautenbergArlen SpecterWarren RudmanCarl LevinWilliam CohenRudy BoschwitzEdward ZorinskyRichard StoneHoward MetzenbaumAbraham A. RibicoffErnest GrueningJacob K. JavitsRichard L. NeubergerHerbert H. LehmanSimon GuggenheimIsidor RaynerJoseph Simon (politician)Benjamin F. JonasJudah P. BenjaminDavid Levy Yulee

House of Representatives

Further information: Religious affiliation in the United States House of Representatives
Representative Party District Term Notes
Start End Length of
service
Lewis Charles Levin American (Know Nothing) PA-01 March 4, 1845 March 4, 1851 6 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Emanuel B. Hart Democratic NY-03 March 4, 1851 March 4, 1853 2 years, 0 days Lost renomination
Philip Phillips Democratic AL-01 March 4, 1853 March 4, 1855 2 years, 0 days Retired
Henry Myer Phillips Democratic PA-04 March 4, 1857 March 4, 1859 2 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Michael Hahn Union LA-02 December 3, 1862 March 4, 1863 91 days Retired
Republican March 4, 1885 March 15, 1886 1 year, 11 days Died in office
Leonard Myers Republican PA-03 March 4, 1863 March 3, 1875 11 years, 364 days Lost reelection
Myer Strouse Democratic PA-10 March 4, 1863 March 4, 1867 4 years, 0 days Retired
William M. Levy Democratic LA-04 March 4, 1875 March 4, 1877 2 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Leopold Morse Democratic MA-04
(from 1877)
MA-05
(from 1883)
March 4, 1877 March 4, 1885 8 years, 0 days Retired
MA-03 March 4, 1887 March 4, 1889 2 years, 0 days Retired
Edwin Einstein Republican NY-07 March 4, 1879 March 4, 1881 2 years, 0 days Retired
Julius Houseman Democratic MI-05 March 4, 1883 March 4, 1885 2 years, 0 days Retired
Joseph Pulitzer Democratic NY-09 March 4, 1885 April 10, 1886 1 year, 37 days Resigned
Isidor Rayner Democratic MD-04 March 4, 1887 March 4, 1889 2 years, 0 days Lost reelection
March 4, 1891 March 4, 1895 4 years, 0 days Retired
Nathan Frank Republican MO-09 March 4, 1889 March 4, 1891 2 years, 0 days Retired
Adolph Meyer Democratic LA-01 March 4, 1891 March 8, 1908 17 years, 4 days Died in office
Julius Goldzier Democratic IL-04 March 4, 1893 March 4, 1895 2 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Isidor Straus Democratic NY-15 January 30, 1894 March 4, 1895 1 year, 33 days Retired
Israel F. Fischer Republican NY-04 March 4, 1895 March 4, 1899 4 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Lucius Littauer Republican NY-22
(from 1897)
NY-25
(from 1903)
March 4, 1897 March 4, 1907 10 years, 0 days Retired
Julius Kahn Republican CA-04 March 4, 1899 March 4, 1903 4 years, 0 days Lost reelection
March 4, 1905 December 18, 1924 19 years, 289 days Died in office
Jefferson Monroe Levy Democratic NY-13 March 4, 1899 March 4, 1901 2 years, 0 days Retired
NY-13
(from 1911)
NY-14
(from 1913)
March 4, 1911 March 4, 1915 4 years, 0 days Retired
Mitchell May Democratic NY-06 March 4, 1899 March 4, 1901 2 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Henry M. Goldfogle Democratic NY-09
(from 1901)
NY-12
(from 1913)
March 4, 1901 March 4, 1915 14 years, 0 days Lost reelection
NY-12 March 4, 1919 March 4, 1921 2 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Montague Lessler Republican NY-07 January 7, 1902 March 4, 1903 1 year, 56 days Lost reelection
Martin Emerich Democratic IL-01 March 4, 1903 March 4, 1905 2 years, 0 days Retired
Adolph J. Sabath Democratic IL-05
(from 1907)
IL-07
(from 1949)
March 4, 1907 November 6, 1952 45 years, 247 days Died in office
Harry Benjamin Wolf Democratic MD-03 March 4, 1907 March 4, 1909 2 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Victor L. Berger Socialist WI-05 March 4, 1911 March 4, 1913 2 years, 0 days Lost reelection
March 4, 1919 November 10, 1919 251 days House refused to seat due to conviction under the Espionage Act of 1917
March 4, 1923 March 4, 1929 6 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Jacob A. Cantor Democratic NY-20 November 4, 1913 March 4, 1915 1 year, 120 days Lost reelection
Isaac Bacharach Republican NJ-02 March 4, 1915 January 3, 1937 21 years, 305 days Lost reelection
Meyer London Socialist NY-12 March 4, 1915 March 4, 1919 4 years, 0 days Lost reelection
March 4, 1921 March 4, 1923 2 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Isaac Siegel Republican NY-20 March 4, 1915 March 4, 1923 8 years, 0 days Retired
Milton Kraus Republican IN-11 March 4, 1917 March 4, 1923 6 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Nathan D. Perlman Republican NY-14 November 2, 1920 March 4, 1927 6 years, 122 days Lost reelection
Lester D. Volk Republican NY-10 November 2, 1920 March 4, 1923 2 years, 122 days Retired
Martin C. Ansorge Republican NY-21 March 4, 1921 March 4, 1923 2 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Benjamin L. Rosenbloom Republican WV-01 March 4, 1921 March 4, 1925 4 years, 0 days Retired to run unsuccessfully for the Republican nomination for United States Senate
Albert B. Rossdale Republican NY-23 March 4, 1921 March 4, 1923 2 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Sol Bloom Democratic NY-19
(from 1923)
NY-20
(from 1945)
January 30, 1923 March 7, 1949 26 years, 36 days Died in office
Emanuel Celler Democratic NY (several) March 4, 1923 January 3, 1973 49 years, 305 days Lost renomination
Samuel Dickstein Democratic NY-12
(from 1923)
NY-19
(from 1945)
March 4, 1923 December 30, 1945 22 years, 301 days Resigned to take seat on the New York Supreme Court
Meyer Jacobstein Democratic NY-38 March 4, 1923 March 4, 1929 6 years, 0 days Retired
Benjamin M. Golder Republican PA-04 March 4, 1925 March 4, 1933 8 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Florence Prag Kahn Republican CA-04 March 4, 1925 January 3, 1937 11 years, 305 days Lost reelection
William W. Cohen Democratic NY-17 March 4, 1927 March 4, 1929 2 years, 0 days Retired
William I. Sirovich Democratic NY-14 March 4, 1927 December 17, 1939 10 years, 288 days Died in office
Henry Ellenbogen Democratic PA-33 March 4, 1933 January 3, 1938 4 years, 305 days Resigned to take seat on the Allegheny County Court of Common Pleas to which he had been elected
Herman P. Kopplemann Democratic CT-01 March 4, 1933 January 3, 1939 5 years, 305 days Lost reelection
January 3, 1941 January 3, 1943 2 years, 0 days Lost reelection
January 3, 1945 January 3, 1947 2 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Theodore A. Peyser Democratic NY-17 March 4, 1933 August 8, 1937 4 years, 157 days Died in office
William M. Citron Democratic CT-AL January 3, 1935 January 3, 1939 4 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Leon Sacks Democratic PA-01 January 3, 1937 January 3, 1943 6 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Morris Michael Edelstein Democratic NY-14 February 6, 1940 June 4, 1941 1 year, 118 days Died in office
Samuel A. Weiss Democratic PA (several) January 3, 1941 January 7, 1946 5 years, 4 days Resigned to take seat on the Allegheny County Court of Common Pleas to which he had been elected
Arthur George Klein Democratic NY-14 July 29, 1941 January 3, 1945 3 years, 158 days Retired
NY-19 February 19, 1946 December 31, 1956 10 years, 316 days Resigned to take seat on the New York Supreme Court to which he had been elected
Daniel Ellison Republican MD-04 January 3, 1943 January 3, 1945 2 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Benjamin J. Rabin Democratic NY-24 January 3, 1945 December 31, 1947 2 years, 362 days Resigned to take seat on the New York Supreme Court to which he had been elected
Leo F. Rayfiel Democratic NY-14 January 3, 1945 September 13, 1947 2 years, 253 days Resigned to take seat on the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York to which he had been appointed and confirmed
Jacob K. Javits Republican NY-21 January 3, 1947 December 31, 1954 7 years, 362 days Resigned to become New York Attorney General
Abraham J. Multer Democratic NY-14
(from 1947)
NY-13
(from 1953)
November 4, 1947 December 31, 1967 20 years, 57 days Resigned to take seat on the New York Supreme Court to which he had been elected
Leo Isacson American Labor NY-24 February 17, 1948 January 3, 1949 321 days Lost reelection
Earl Chudoff Democratic PA-04 January 3, 1949 January 5, 1958 9 years, 2 days Resigned to take seat on the Philadelphia Court of Common Pleas to which he had been elected
Isidore Dollinger Democratic NY-26 January 3, 1949 December 31, 1959 10 years, 362 days Resigned to become Bronx County District Attorney
Abraham A. Ribicoff Democratic CT-01 January 3, 1949 January 3, 1953 4 years, 0 days Retired to run unsuccessfully for the United States Senate
Sidney R. Yates Democratic IL-09 January 3, 1949 January 3, 1963 14 years, 0 days Retired to run unsuccessfully for the United States Senate
January 3, 1965 January 3, 1999 34 years, 0 days Retired
Leonard Irving Democratic MO-04 January 3, 1949 January 3, 1953 4 years, 0 days Lost renomination
Louis B. Heller Democratic NY-07
(from 1949)
NY-08
(from 1953)
February 15, 1949 July 21, 1954 5 years, 156 days Resigned to take seat on the New York Court of Special Sessions.
Sidney A. Fine Democratic NY-23
(from 1951)
NY-22
(from 1953)
January 3, 1951 January 2, 1956 4 years, 364 days Resigned to take seat on the New York Supreme Court
Samuel Friedel Democratic MD-07 January 3, 1953 January 3, 1971 18 years, 0 days Lost renomination
Lester Holtzman Democratic NY-06 January 3, 1953 December 31, 1961 8 years, 362 days Resigned to take seat on the New York Supreme Court to which he had been elected
Irwin D. Davidson Democratic NY-20 January 3, 1955 December 31, 1956 1 year, 363 days Resigned to take seat on the New York Court of General Sessions.
Herbert Zelenko Democratic NY-21 January 3, 1955 January 3, 1963 8 years, 0 days Lost renomination
Leonard Farbstein Democratic NY-19 January 3, 1957 January 3, 1971 14 years, 0 days Lost renomination
Ludwig Teller Democratic NY-20 January 3, 1957 January 3, 1961 4 years, 0 days Lost renomination
Seymour Halpern Republican NY-04
(from 1959)
NY-06
(from 1963)
January 3, 1959 January 3, 1973 14 years, 0 days Retired
Herman Toll Democratic PA-06
(from 1959)
PA-04
(from 1963)
January 3, 1959 January 3, 1967 8 years, 0 days Retired
Jacob H. Gilbert Democratic NY-23
(from 1960)
NY-22
(from 1963)
March 8, 1960 January 3, 1971 10 years, 301 days Lost renomination
Charles Samuel Joelson Democratic NJ-08 January 3, 1961 September 4, 1969 8 years, 244 days Resigned to take seat on the New Jersey Superior Court to which he had been appointed
Benjamin Stanley Rosenthal Democratic NY (several) February 20, 1962 January 4, 1983 20 years, 318 days Died in office
Richard Ottinger Democratic NY-25 January 3, 1965 January 3, 1971 6 years, 0 days Retired to run unsuccessfully for the United States Senate
NY-24
(from 1975)
NY-20
(from 1983)
January 3, 1975 January 3, 1985 10 years, 0 days Retired
Joseph Y. Resnick Democratic NY-28 January 3, 1965 January 3, 1969 4 years, 0 days Retired to run unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination for United States Senate
James H. Scheuer Democratic NY-21 January 3, 1965 January 3, 1973 8 years, 0 days Lost renomination
NY-11 January 3, 1975 January 3, 1983 8 years, 0 days Redistricted
NY-08 January 3, 1983 January 3, 1993 Retired
Herbert Tenzer Democratic NY-05 January 3, 1965 January 3, 1969 4 years, 0 days Retired
Lester L. Wolff Democratic NY-03
(from 1965)
NY-06
(from 1973)
January 3, 1965 January 3, 1981 16 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Joshua Eilberg Democratic PA-04 January 3, 1967 January 3, 1979 12 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Sam Steiger Republican AZ-03 January 3, 1967 January 3, 1977 10 years, 0 days Retired to run unsuccessfully for the United States Senate
Bertram L. Podell Democratic NY-13 February 20, 1968 January 3, 1975 6 years, 317 days Lost renomination
Ed Koch Democratic NY-17
(from 1969)
NY-18
(from 1973)
January 3, 1969 December 31, 1977 8 years, 362 days Resigned to become Mayor of New York City
Allard K. Lowenstein Democratic NY-05 January 3, 1969 January 3, 1971 2 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Abner J. Mikva Democratic IL-02 January 3, 1969 January 3, 1973 4 years, 0 days Lost reelection
IL-10 January 3, 1975 September 26, 1979 4 years, 266 days Resigned to take seat on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit to which he had been appointed and confirmed
Bella Abzug Democratic NY-19
(from 1971)
NY-20
(from 1973)
January 3, 1971 January 3, 1977 6 years, 0 days Retired to run unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination for the United States Senate
Benjamin Gilman Republican NY (several) January 3, 1973 January 3, 2003 30 years, 0 days Retired
Elizabeth Holtzman Democratic NY-16 January 3, 1973 January 3, 1981 8 years, 0 days Retired to run unsuccessfully for the United States Senate
William Lehman Democratic FL-13
(from 1973)
FL-17
(from 1983)
January 3, 1973 January 3, 1993 20 years, 0 days Retired
Edward Mezvinsky Democratic IA-01 January 3, 1973 January 3, 1977 4 years, 0 days Lost reelection
William Cohen Republican ME-2 January 3, 1973 January 3, 1979 6 years, 0 days Retired to run successfully for United States Senate
Bill Gradison Republican OH-01
(from 1975)
OH-02
(from 1983)
January 3, 1975 January 31, 1993 18 years, 28 days Resigned
John Hans Krebs Democratic CA-17 January 3, 1975 January 3, 1979 4 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Elliott H. Levitas Democratic GA-04 January 3, 1975 January 3, 1985 10 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Fred Richmond Democratic NY-14 January 3, 1975 August 25, 1982 7 years, 234 days Resigned
Stephen Solarz Democratic NY-13 January 3, 1975 January 3, 1993 18 years, 0 days Lost renomination
Gladys Spellman Democratic MD-05 January 3, 1975 February 24, 1981 6 years, 52 days Seat declared vacant after suffering a debilitating heart attack and becoming comatose
Henry Waxman Democratic CA (several) January 3, 1975 January 3, 2015 40 years, 0 days Retired
Anthony Beilenson Democratic CA-23
(from 1977)
CA-24
(from 1993)
January 3, 1977 January 3, 1997 20 years, 0 days Retired
Mickey Edwards Republican OK-05 January 3, 1977 January 3, 1993 16 years, 0 days Lost renomination
Dan Glickman Democratic KS-04 January 3, 1977 January 3, 1995 18 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Marc L. Marks Republican PA-24 January 3, 1977 January 3, 1983 6 years, 0 days Retired
Ted Weiss Democratic NY-20
(from 1977)
NY-17
(from 1983)
January 3, 1977 September 14, 1992 15 years, 255 days Died in office
Bill Green Republican NY-18
(from 1978)
NY-15
(from 1983)
February 14, 1978 January 3, 1993 14 years, 324 days Lost reelection
Martin Frost Democratic TX-24 January 3, 1979 January 3, 2005 26 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Ken Kramer Republican CO-05 January 3, 1979 January 3, 1987 8 years, 0 days Retired to run unsuccessfully for the United States Senate
Howard Wolpe Democratic MI-03 January 3, 1979 January 3, 1993 14 years, 0 days Retired
Bobbi Fiedler Republican CA-21 January 3, 1981 January 3, 1987 6 years, 0 days Retired to run unsuccessfully for the Republican nomination for the United States Senate
Barney Frank Democratic MA-04 January 3, 1981 January 3, 2013 32 years, 0 days Retired
Sam Gejdenson Democratic CT-02 January 3, 1981 January 3, 2001 20 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Tom Lantos Democratic CA-11
(from 1981)
CA-12
(from 1993)
January 3, 1981 February 11, 2008 27 years, 39 days Died in office. The only Holocaust survivor to have served in the United States Congress.
Chuck Schumer Democratic NY (several) January 3, 1981 January 3, 1999 18 years, 0 days Retired to run successfully for the United States Senate
Bob Shamansky Democratic OH-12 January 3, 1981 January 3, 1983 2 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Ron Wyden Democratic OR-03 January 3, 1981 February 5, 1996 15 years, 33 days Resigned after being elected to the United States Senate
Howard Berman Democratic CA-26
(from 1983)
CA-28
(from 2003)
January 3, 1983 January 3, 2013 30 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Barbara Boxer Democratic CA-06 January 3, 1983 January 3, 1993 10 years, 0 days Retired to run successfully for the United States Senate
Ben Erdreich Democratic AL-06 January 3, 1983 January 3, 1993 10 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Sander Levin Democratic MI (several) January 3, 1983 January 3, 2019 36 years, 0 days Retired
Mel Levine Democratic CA-27 January 3, 1983 January 3, 1993 10 years, 0 days Retired to run unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination for the United States Senate
Norman Sisisky Democratic VA-04 January 3, 1983 March 29, 2001 18 years, 85 days Died in office
Lawrence J. Smith Democratic FL-16 January 3, 1983 January 3, 1993 10 years, 0 days Retired
Gary Ackerman Democratic NY-07
(from 1983)
NY-05
(from 1993)
March 1, 1983 January 3, 2013 30 years, 0 days Retired
Sala Burton Democratic CA-05 June 21, 1983 February 1, 1987 3 years, 225 days Died in office
John Miller Republican WA-01 January 3, 1985 January 3, 1993 8 years, 0 days Retired
Ben Cardin Democratic MD-03 January 3, 1987 January 3, 2007 20 years, 0 days Retired to run successfully for the United States Senate
Eliot Engel Democratic NY (several) January 3, 1989 January 3, 2021 32 years, 0 days Lost renomination
Nita Lowey Democratic NY (several) January 3, 1989 January 3, 2021 32 years, 0 days Retired
Steven Schiff Republican NM-01 January 3, 1989 March 25, 1998 9 years, 81 days Died in office
Bernie Sanders Independent VT-AL January 3, 1991 January 3, 2007 16 years, 0 days Retired to run successfully for the United States Senate
Dick Zimmer Republican NJ-12 January 3, 1991 January 3, 1997 6 years, 0 days Retired to run unsuccessfully for the United States Senate
Jerry Nadler Democratic NY (several) November 3, 1992 Incumbent 32 years, 77 days
Sam Coppersmith Democratic AZ-01 January 3, 1993 January 3, 1995 2 years, 0 days Retired to run unsuccessfully for the United States Senate
Peter Deutsch Democratic FL-20 January 3, 1993 January 3, 2005 12 years, 0 days Retired to run unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination for the United States Senate
Bob Filner Democratic CA-50
(from 1993)
CA-51
(from 2003)
January 3, 1993 December 3, 2012 19 years, 335 days Resigned to become mayor of San Diego
Eric Fingerhut Democratic OH-19 January 3, 1993 January 3, 1995 2 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Daniel Hamburg Democratic CA-01 January 3, 1993 January 3, 1995 2 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Jane Harman Democratic CA-36 January 3, 1993 January 3, 1999 6 years, 0 days Retired to run unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination for Governor of California
January 3, 2001 February 28, 2011 10 years, 56 days Resigned to head the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
Herb Klein Democratic NJ-08 January 3, 1993 January 3, 1995 2 years, 0 days Lost reelection
David A. Levy Republican NY-04 January 3, 1993 January 3, 1995 2 years, 0 days Lost renomination
Marjorie Margolies Democratic PA-13 January 3, 1993 January 3, 1995 2 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Lynn Schenk Democratic CA-49 January 3, 1993 January 3, 1995 2 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Jon D. Fox Republican PA-13 January 3, 1995 January 3, 1999 4 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Steve Rothman Democratic NJ-09 January 3, 1997 January 3, 2013 16 years, 0 days Lost renomination
Brad Sherman Democratic CA (several) January 3, 1997 Incumbent 28 years, 16 days
Robert Wexler Democratic FL-19 January 3, 1997 January 3, 2010 13 years, 0 days Resigned
Shelley Berkley Democratic NV-01 January 3, 1999 January 3, 2013 14 years, 0 days Retired to run unsuccessfully for the United States Senate
Jan Schakowsky Democratic IL-09 January 3, 1999 Incumbent 26 years, 16 days
Anthony Weiner Democratic NY-09 January 3, 1999 June 21, 2011 12 years, 169 days Resigned
Eric Cantor Republican VA-07 January 3, 2001 August 18, 2014 13 years, 227 days Resigned after having lost renomination.
First Jewish House Majority Leader
Susan Davis Democratic CA-51
(from 2001)
CA-53
(from 2003)
January 3, 2001 January 3, 2021 20 years, 0 days Retired
Steve Israel Democratic NY-02
(from 2001)
NY-03
(from 2013)
January 3, 2001 January 3, 2017 16 years, 0 days Retired
Adam Schiff Democratic CA (several) January 3, 2001 December 9, 2024 23 years, 341 days Resigned to take seat as U.S. senator.
Rahm Emanuel Democratic IL-05 January 3, 2003 January 2, 2009 5 years, 365 days Resigned to become White House Chief of Staff
Debbie Wasserman Schultz Democratic FL-20
(from 2005)
FL-23
(from 2013)
FL-25
(from 2023)
January 3, 2005 Incumbent 20 years, 16 days
Allyson Schwartz Democratic PA-13 January 3, 2005 January 3, 2015 10 years, 0 days Retired to run unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination for Governor of Pennsylvania
Steve Cohen Democratic TN-09 January 3, 2007 Incumbent 18 years, 16 days
Gabby Giffords Democratic AZ-08 January 3, 2007 January 25, 2012 5 years, 22 days Resigned to recover from the assassination attempt on her life in 2011.
Paul Hodes Democratic NH-02 January 3, 2007 January 3, 2011 4 years, 0 days Retired to run unsuccessfully for the United States Senate
Steve Kagen Democratic WI-08 January 3, 2007 January 3, 2011 4 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Ron Klein Democratic FL-22 January 3, 2007 January 3, 2011 4 years, 0 days Lost reelection
John Yarmuth Democratic KY-03 January 3, 2007 January 3, 2023 16 years, 0 days Retired
John Adler Democratic NJ-03 January 3, 2009 January 3, 2011 2 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Jason Chaffetz Republican UT-03 January 3, 2009 June 30, 2017 8 years, 178 days Resigned
Alan Grayson Democratic FL-08 January 3, 2009 January 3, 2011 2 years, 0 days Lost reelection
FL-09 January 3, 2013 January 3, 2017 4 years, 0 days Retired to run unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination to the United States Senate
Jared Polis Democratic CO-02 January 3, 2009 January 3, 2019 10 years, 0 days Retired to run successfully for Governor of Colorado
Ted Deutch Democratic FL (several) April 13, 2010 September 30, 2022 12 years, 170 days Resigned to become CEO of the American Jewish Committee
David Cicilline Democratic RI-01 January 3, 2011 May 31, 2023 12 years, 148 days Resigned to become CEO of the Rhode Island Foundation
Suzanne Bonamici Democratic OR-01 January 31, 2012 Incumbent 12 years, 354 days
Lois Frankel Democratic FL-22
(from 2013)
FL-21
(from 2017)
January 3, 2013 Incumbent 12 years, 16 days
Alan Lowenthal Democratic CA-47 January 3, 2013 January 3, 2023 10 years, 0 days Retired
Brad Schneider Democratic IL-10 January 3, 2013 January 3, 2015 2 years, 0 days Lost reelection
January 3, 2017 Incumbent 8 years, 16 days
Lee Zeldin Republican NY-01 January 3, 2015 January 3, 2023 8 years, 0 days Retired to run unsuccessfully for Governor of New York
Josh Gottheimer Democratic NJ-05 January 3, 2017 Incumbent 8 years, 16 days
David Kustoff Republican TN-08 January 3, 2017 Incumbent 8 years, 16 days
Jamie Raskin Democratic MD-08 January 3, 2017 Incumbent 8 years, 16 days
Jacky Rosen Democratic NV-03 January 3, 2017 January 3, 2019 2 years, 0 days Retired to run successfully for the United States Senate
Susan Wild Democratic PA-15
(from 2018)
PA-07
(from 2019)
November 27, 2018 January 3, 2025 6 years, 37 days Lost reelection
Andy Levin Democratic MI-09 January 3, 2019 January 3, 2023 4 years, 0 days Lost renomination after redistricting
Mike Levin Democratic CA-49 January 3, 2019 Incumbent 6 years, 16 days
Elaine Luria Democratic VA-02 January 3, 2019 January 3, 2023 4 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Dean Phillips Democratic MN-03 January 3, 2019 January 3, 2025 6 years, 0 days Retired to run unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States
Max Rose Democratic NY-11 January 3, 2019 January 3, 2021 2 years, 0 days Lost reelection
Kim Schrier Democratic WA-08 January 3, 2019 Incumbent 6 years, 16 days
Elissa Slotkin Democratic MI-08 January 3, 2019 January 3, 2025 6 years, 0 days Retired to run successfully for the United States Senate
Jake Auchincloss Democratic MA-04 January 3, 2021 Incumbent 4 years, 16 days
Sara Jacobs Democratic CA-51
(from 2023)
CA-53
(from 2021)
January 3, 2021 Incumbent 4 years, 16 days
Kathy Manning Democratic NC-06 January 3, 2021 January 3, 2025 4 years, 0 days Retired
Becca Balint Democratic VT-AL January 3, 2023 Incumbent 2 years, 16 days
Dan Goldman Democratic NY-10 January 3, 2023 Incumbent 2 years, 16 days
Greg Landsman Democratic OH-01 January 3, 2023 Incumbent 2 years, 16 days
Seth Magaziner Democratic RI-02 January 3, 2023 Incumbent 2 years, 16 days
Max Miller Republican OH-07 January 3, 2023 Incumbent 2 years, 16 days
Jared Moskowitz Democratic FL-23 January 3, 2023 Incumbent 2 years, 16 days
Laura Friedman Democratic CA-30 January 3, 2025 Incumbent 16 days
Craig Goldman Republican TX-12 January 3, 2025 Incumbent 16 days
Eugene Vindman Democratic VA-07 January 3, 2025 Incumbent 16 days

Territorial delegates

Delegate Party Territory Term Notes
Start End Length of
service (days)
David Levy Yulee Democratic Florida March 4, 1841 March 3, 1845 3 years, 364 days Office eliminated when Territory of Florida was admitted to the Union as the State of Florida

Elected to the House of Representatives, but not seated

Representative-elect Party District Year elected Notes
David Levy Yulee Democratic FL-AL 1845 "Did not take his seat in the House" when elected to the Senate
Samuel Marx Democratic NY-19 1922 Not seated due to death prior to start of term

See also

Others

Notes

  1. Born (and raised) Jewish, but converted to Episcopalianism in his mid-to-late 30s while serving as a U.S. Senator.
  2. Raised Jewish from birth by his Jewish father, but later converted to Mormonism.
  3. With a Jewish father and Catholic mother, he was baptized as a Catholic but "was raised with both the Catholic faith and also the Jewish faith."
  4. ^ Born (and raised) Jewish, but converted to Episcopalianism in his mid-to-late 30s

References

  1. Allman, T.D. (2013). Finding Florida: The True History of the Sunshine State. Atlantic Monthly Press. ISBN 9780802120762.
  2. ^ Stone, Kurt F. (2011). The Jews of Capitol Hill: A Compendium of Jewish Congressional Members. Scarecrow Press. p. 3. ISBN 9780810857315.
  3. Stone (2011), p. 15
  4. Stone (2011), p. 35
  5. Stone (2011), p. 60
  6. ^ Stone (2011), p. 46
  7. Stone (2011), p. 78
  8. Stone (2011), p. 182
  9. Stone (2011), p. 206
  10. ^ Stone (2011), p. 160
  11. Stone (2011), p. 210
  12. ^ Stone (2011), p. 167
  13. ^ Stone (2011), p. 281
  14. Stone (2011), p. 267
  15. Stone (2011), p. 348
  16. Stone (2011), p. 328
  17. Stone (2011), p. 340
  18. Stone (2011), p. 350
  19. Stone (2011), p. 401
  20. ^ Stone (2011), p. 431
  21. Stone (2011), p. 441
  22. Stone (2011), p. 469
  23. Stone (2011), p. 451
  24. Stone (2011), p. 473
  25. Stone (2011), p. 505
  26. ^ Stone (2011), p. 415
  27. Stone (2011), p. 499
  28. ^ Stone (2011), p. 395
  29. ^ Stone (2011), p. 385
  30. Stone (2011), p. 572
  31. ^ Stone (2011), p. 447
  32. ^ Stone (2011), p. 483
  33. Stone (2011), p. 619
  34. "Bennet's Views on Religion". National Review. October 28, 2010.
  35. Hamilton, Elizabeth (October 3, 2004). "The Public And Private Life Of Dick Blumenthal". The Hartford Courant. Retrieved January 10, 2017.
  36. "Hawaii's Jewish lieutenant governor chosen for US Senate seat". The Times of Israel. JTA. December 27, 2012. Retrieved June 26, 2018.
  37. ^ "Jacky Rosen". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  38. "Sen. Jon Ossoff on Jewish Resilience | AJC". www.ajc.org. May 18, 2023. Retrieved November 6, 2024.
  39. Kornbluh, Jacob (December 9, 2024). "Adam Schiff chose Mishneh Torah for swearing in to the U.S. Senate". The Forward. Retrieved December 9, 2024.
  40. Lapin, Andrew (November 6, 2024). "Elissa Slotkin, centrist Jewish Democrat, wins tight Michigan Senate race". The Forward. Retrieved November 6, 2024.
  41. ^ Stone (2011), p. 23
  42. Stone (2011), p. 9
  43. Stone (2011), p. 13
  44. Stone (2011), p. 14
  45. Stone (2011), pp. 22–23
  46. Morais, Henry S. (1994). The Jews of Philadelphia: their history from the earliest settlements to the present time; a record of events and institutions, and of leading members of the Jewish community in every sphere of activity. Philadelphia, The Levytype Co. p. 396.
  47. Stone (2011), p. 25
  48. Stone (2011), p. 31
  49. ^ Stone (2011), p. 33
  50. Stone (2011), p. 37
  51. Stone (2011), p. 38
  52. Stone (2011), p. 40
  53. Stone (2011), p. 49
  54. Stone (2011), p. 51
  55. ^ Stone (2011), p. 52
  56. Stone (2011), p. 56
  57. Stone (2011), p. 57
  58. ^ Stone (2011), p. 66
  59. ^ Stone (2011), p. 68
  60. Stone (2011), pp. 71–73
  61. ^ Stone (2011), p. 72
  62. Stone (2011), p. 75
  63. Stone (2011), p. 76
  64. Stone (2011), p. 82
  65. Stone (2011), p. 77
  66. ^ Stone (2011), p. 87
  67. Stone (2011), p. 90
  68. Stone (2011), p. 91
  69. ^ Stone (2011), p. 94
  70. Stone (2011), p. 98
  71. Stone (2011), p. 100
  72. Stone (2011), p. 108
  73. Stone (2011), p. 110
  74. Stone (2011), p. 112
  75. Stone (2011), p. 114
  76. Stone (2011), p. 93
  77. Stone (2011), p. 128
  78. Stone (2011), p. 115
  79. Stone (2011), p. 120
  80. "Meyer Jacobstein". Jewish Virtual Library.
  81. Stone (2011), p. 130
  82. Stone (2011), p. 125
  83. Stone (2011), p. 134
  84. Stone (2011), p. 132
  85. Stone (2011), p. 140
  86. ^ Stone (2011), p. 136
  87. Stone (2011), p. 138
  88. Stone (2011), p. 143
  89. Stone (2011), p. 144
  90. Stone (2011), p. 151
  91. Stone (2011), p. 150
  92. ^ Stone (2011), p. 154
  93. Stone (2011), p. 153
  94. Stone (2011), p. 156
  95. Stone (2011), p. 157
  96. Stone (2011), p. 166
  97. Stone (2011), p. 177
  98. Stone (2011), p. 188
  99. Stone (2011), p. 197
  100. ^ Stone (2011), p. 172
  101. Bruce Zuckerman, Dan Schnur, Lisa Ansell (eds.). American Politics and the Jewish Community. Vol. 11. West Lafatette Ind.: Purdue University Press, 2013, p. 109.
  102. Stone (2011), p. 180
  103. Stone (2011), p. 189
  104. Stone (2011), p. 195
  105. Stone (2011), p. 198
  106. Stone (2011), p. 201
  107. Stone (2011), p. 203
  108. Stone (2011), p. 204
  109. Stone (2011), p. 205
  110. Stone (2011), p. 215
  111. Stone (2011), p. 217
  112. Stone (2011), p. 214
  113. Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Charles S. Joelson Info". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved December 26, 2006.
  114. Stone (2011), p. 220
  115. ^ Stone (2011), pp. 223–225
  116. Stone (2011), p. 225
  117. ^ Stone (2011), p. 226
  118. Stone (2011), p. 240
  119. Stone (2011), p. 230
  120. Stone (2011), p. 243
  121. Stone (2011), p. 233
  122. Stone (2011), p. 237
  123. Stone (2011), p. 258
  124. Stone (2011), p. 250
  125. ^ Stone (2011), p. 246
  126. Stone (2011), p. 256
  127. Stone (2011), p. 278
  128. Stone (2011), p. 299
  129. Stone (2011), p. 270
  130. Stone (2011), p. 273
  131. "William Sebastian Cohen". Encyclopedia of World Biography -- The Gale Group Inc. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
  132. Stone (2011), p. 310
  133. Stone (2011), p. 286
  134. Stone (2011), p. 294
  135. Stone (2011), p. 356
  136. Stone (2011), p. 305
  137. Stone (2011), p. 298
  138. Tugend, Tom (January 26, 2001). "Undefeated Champion Rep. Henry Waxman wants to help Democrats". The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles. Archived from the original on October 27, 2006. Retrieved November 10, 2006.
  139. Stone (2011), p. 320
  140. Retrieved from the Atlantic website May 5, 2010
  141. Stone (2011), p. 324
  142. Stone (2011), p. 335
  143. Stone (2011), p. 392
  144. Stone (2011), p. 332
  145. Frost, Martin (May 15, 2009). "Jewish pols, players emerging". Politico. Retrieved June 28, 2012.
  146. Stone (2011), p. 337
  147. Stone (2011), p. 345
  148. Stone (2011), p. 366
  149. Stone (2011), p. 377
  150. "Criticism of Hagel out of proportion". Politico. January 9, 1988. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  151. Stone (2011), p. 370
  152. Stone (2011), p. 363
  153. Stone (2011), p. 410
  154. Stone (2011), p. 407
  155. Stone (2011), p. 429
  156. Stone (2011), p. 422
  157. Stone (2011), p. 439
  158. Stone (2011), p. 425
  159. Stone (2011), p. 435
  160. Stone (2011), p. 420
  161. Stone (2011), p. 444
  162. Mosley, Kandea (September 12, 2000). "A Rumble in the Bronx Feuding Politicos Pull No Punches in Congressional Race". The Village Voice. Retrieved November 10, 2006.
  163. Stone (2011), p. 466
  164. Stone (2011), p. 458
  165. Stone (2011), p. 479
  166. Stone (2011), p. 530
  167. Stone (2011), p. 497
  168. "After career in Congress, Peter Deutsch finds new life in Israel". July 17, 2013. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  169. "New Jewish Mayor of San Diego Has Dubious Record on Israel". Los Angeles Times. November 9, 2012. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  170. Stone (2011), p. 533
  171. Stone (2011), p. 514
  172. ^ Stone (2011), p. 517
  173. Stone (2011), p. 490
  174. Rep. Levy Beaten in N.Y. Primary Los Angeles Times. September 29, 1994.
  175. Stone (2011), p. 493
  176. Stone (2011), p. 521
  177. "Hoeffel, Fox Attempt To Sway Jewish Vote At A Debate At A Jewish Community Center They Agreed On Aid For Israel. They Clashed On Other Issues". November 4, 1996. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  178. Stone (2011), p. 546
  179. Stone (2011), p. 538
  180. Stone (2011), p. 541
  181. Stone (2011), p. 552
  182. Winer, Todd (March 13, 1998). "3 Jewish Democrats vying in Illinois Congress race". Chicago Jewish News. Retrieved November 10, 2006.
  183. Stone (2011), p. 557
  184. "Eric Cantor Didn't Lose Because He's Jewish. But His Religion Has Caused Difficulties in Congress". The New Republic. June 11, 2014. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
  185. Rothenberg, Stuart (November 2, 2000). "Top House races of 2000". CNN. Archived from the original on September 10, 2006. Retrieved November 9, 2006.
  186. Stone (2011), p. 577
  187. Stone (2011), p. 563
  188. Hendrix, Steve (August 22, 2006). "Fighting for the Spoils Lawmaker and Rainmaker Rahm Emanuel Wants a Nov. 7 Victory for the Democrats So Bad He Can Almost Taste It. If Only He Had Time to Eat". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 9, 2006.
  189. Stone (2011), p. 584
  190. Stone (2011), p. 588
  191. Baird, Woody (November 7, 2006). "Congressional incumbents re-elected, Cohen takes lead in Memphis". WKRN-TV. Associated Press. Archived from the original on October 26, 2007. Retrieved November 9, 2006.
  192. Siegel, Jennifer (September 22, 2006). "A Tribe of Candidates Leads Drive To Retake House for Democrats". The Forward. Archived from the original on October 18, 2006. Retrieved November 9, 2006.
  193. Stone (2011), p. 597
  194. Stone (2011), p. 601
  195. Stone (2011), p. 604
  196. Stone (2011), p. 607
  197. American Jewish Yearbook 2012. Springer. 2012. p. 92. ISBN 9789400752047.
  198. Solomon, Daniel J. (January 13, 2017). "Meet Jason Chaffetz, the Mormon Congressman Who Converted From Judaism". The Forward.
  199. ^ "Alan Grayson, Jewish Democrat, Rides Hispanic Support Back To Washington". HuffPost. November 13, 2012.
  200. Stone (2011), p. 612
  201. Kampeas, Ron (April 21, 2010). "Ted Deutch, a most Jewish speech from the most Jewish district". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Archived from the original on April 27, 2010. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
  202. Goldberg, J.J. (November 4, 2010). "Rite of Returns: Jews Who Ran for Congress — Winners & Losers". The Forward. Retrieved November 8, 2010.
  203. Kampeas, Ron. "A guide to the Jewish Democratic House candidates in the 2018 midterm elections". St. Louis Jewish Light.
  204. "Rep. Frankel hopes Israel doesn't become like Saudi Arabia in Congress". Congresswoman Lois Frankel | Florida's 21st District. April 17, 2019.
  205. J.J. Goldberg (November 4, 2010). "Rite of Returns: Jews Who Ran for Congress — Winners & Losers". The Jewish Daily Forward. Retrieved November 8, 2010.
  206. ^ "Who are America's Jewish senators and congressmen?". Retrieved December 16, 2016.
  207. "Biography". Congressman Lee Zeldin. December 11, 2012.
  208. "Hate messages again painted at home of supporters of Jewish NJ candidate". The Times of Israel.
  209. "Here's where every Jewish Congress member stands on impeaching Donald Trump". May 24, 2019.
  210. Fractenberg, Ben (September 17, 2018). "Democrat Holds Slim Lead In Jew vs. Jew Race For Pennsylvania Swing Seat". The Forward.
  211. "About". Representative Andy Levin. December 3, 2012.
  212. "No Gambler: An Interview With Congressman Mike Levin". San Diego Jewish Journal. January 2, 2019. Retrieved January 8, 2021.
  213. Dashefsky, Arnold; Sheskin, Ira M. (2019). American Jewish Year Book 2019. Springer. ISBN 9783030403713. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  214. "Meet Elaine Luria, The Navy Commander Running For Congress". January 30, 2018.
  215. "'Dear Abby's Jewish Grandson Wins Primary In Minnesota Swing District". The Forward. August 15, 2018.
  216. "Back from Afghanistan, Jewish veteran faces fresh battle for congress". The Times of Israel.
  217. "Did Democratic Candidate Schrier Compare Campaign to WWII service?". King5.
  218. Ron Kampeas (August 10, 2017). "These Jewish women are running for congress because of Trump". The Times of Israel. Retrieved January 13, 2019.
  219. ^ Kampeas, Ron (October 28, 2020). "Meet the 11 Jewish Democrats Vying in 2020 to Join Congress for the First Time". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
  220. ^ Kampeas, Ron (October 31, 2022). "These 10 Jewish candidates could be elected to Congress for the 1st time this fall". The Times of Israel. Retrieved November 8, 2022.
  221. "May 26, 1845: Florida holds first statewide election". Florida History Network.
  222. Stone (2011), p. 113
United States Congress
Members and leaders
Membership
Members
Senate
House
New members
Leaders
Senate
House
Districts
Groups
Congressional caucus
Ethnic and racial
Gender and sexual identity
Occupation
Religion
Related
Powers, privileges, procedure, committees, history, media
Powers
Privileges
Procedure
Senate-specific
Committees
Items
History
Media
Capitol Complex (Capitol Hill)
Legislative
offices
Offices
Senate
House
Employees
Senate
House
Library of
Congress
Gov.
Publishing Office
Capitol Building
Office
buildings
Senate
House
Other
facilities
Related
Categories:
List of Jewish members of the United States Congress Add topic