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A number of individual gemstones are famous in their own right, either because of their size and beauty or because of the people who owned or wore them.

Aquamarines

• Dom Pedro, the world's largest cut and polished aquamarine. It is currently housed in the Janet Annenberg Hooker Hall of Geology of the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C..

Diamonds

See List of diamonds

Emeralds

• Bahia Emerald
• Carolina Emperor, 310 carats uncut, 64.8 carats cut; discovered in the United States in 2009, resides in the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC, US
• Chalk Emerald
• Duke of Devonshire Emerald
• Emerald of Saint Louis, 51.60 carats cut; discovered in Austria, probably Habachtal, resides in the National Museum of Natural History, Paris
• Gachalá Emerald
• Mogul Mughal Emerald, 217.80 carats cut; mined in Colombia and cut in the Mughal empire in Hijri year 1107 (1695–1696), resides in the Museum of Islamic Art, Doha, Qatar
• Patricia Emerald, 632 carats uncut, dihexagonal (12 sided); discovered in Colombia in 1920, resides in the American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, US

Opals

• Andamooka Opal, presented to Queen Elizabeth II, also known as the Queen's Opal
• Flame Queen Opal
• Galaxy Opal
• Halley's Comet Opal, the world's largest uncut black opal
• Olympic Australis Opal, reported to be the largest and most valuable gem opal ever found

Pearls

• Abernathy Pearl
• Arco Valley Pearl
• La Peregrina
• Pearl of Lao Tzu
• Pearl of Puerto, largest known pearl
• Servilia's pearl, most expensive pearl of all time

Rubies

• DeLong Star Ruby
• Midnight Star Ruby
• Neelanjali Ruby
• Rajaratna Ruby
• Rosser Reeves Ruby

Sapphires

• Logan Sapphire
• Star of Bombay, given to Mary Pickford by Douglas Fairbanks, Sr
• Star of India
• Stuart Sapphire
• Black Star of Queensland
• Star of Adam, with a weight of 1,404.49 carats (280.898 g), it is the largest star sapphire in the world.
• Queen Marie of Romania Sapphire

Spinels

• Samarian Spinel, the world's largest spinel
• Menshikov Ruby, the world's second largest spinel set on top of the Great Imperial Crown of Russia
• Timur Ruby, believed to be a ruby until 1851, hence its name
• Black Prince's Ruby, the famous spinel mounted on the Imperial State Crown of the United Kingdom

Topazes

• American Golden Topaz, the largest cut yellow topaz, weighing nearly 23,000 carats (4.6 kg).
• Chalmers Topaz, a 5,899.5-carat (1.17990 kg) cut topaz.

Tsavorite

• Lion of Merelani, a square cushion cut tsavorite that weighs 116.76 carats and has 177 facets. It is on display at the Smithsonian Institution.

Images

• Wittelsbach-Graff Diamond
• Gachalá Emerald
• Black Prince's Ruby (front cross)
• Logan Sapphire
• Chalmers Topaz

See also

• List of gold nuggets by size
• List of minerals

References

1. "Smithsonian ScienceMagnificent Dom Pedro aquamarine to go on view in the Smithsonian's Natural History Museum - Smithsonian Science". Archived from the original on 2014-07-05.
2. Allen, Nick (September 24, 2010). "Judge to decide who owns 250 million Bahia emerald.html". The Daily Telegraph, UK. Retrieved December 31, 2010.
3. Gast, Phil (2010-09-01). "North Carolina emerald: Big, green and very rare". CNN. Cable News Network (Turner Broadcasting System, Inc.). Retrieved 2013-10-08.
4. Stancill, Jane (2012-03-16). "N.C. gems to shine at museum". The News & Observer. The News & Observer Publishing Co. Archived from the original on 2012-03-27. Retrieved 2013-10-08.
5. "Emeraude de Saint Louis – St Louis Emerald". CRPG: Le Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques. Retrieved 8 February 2017.
6. "Gachala Emerald". National Museum of Natural History. Smithsonian Institution. 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2017.
7. "A Magnificent Carved Emerald". Christie's. Retrieved September 27, 2010.
8. "The World's Largest Emeralds". International Gem Society.
9. "Patricia Emerald". AMNH. Retrieved 2017-12-09.

External links

• Gemdat.org – The Gemstone Database
• Gemsociety.org – Gemstone Toxicity Table

v t e Gemstones
Gemmological classifications by E. Ya. Kievlenko (1980), updated
Jewelry stones	1st order Diamond Ruby Emerald Blue Sapphire Alexandrite Natural marine pearls 2nd order Pink sapphire Demantoid Tsavorite Spinel Precious Black Opal Tanzanite 3rd order Yellow, Green, Violet Sapphires Aquamarine Orange topaz (Imperial) Elbaite Precious White and Fire Opal 4th order Tourmaline – Verdelite Indicolite, polychromous Beryl – Heliodor, pink, yellow-green Topaz yellow, blue, pink Peridot Garnets – Spessartine (malaya), Rhodolite, Almandine, Pyrope Amethyst Citrine Blue Turquoise
Jewelry-Industrial stones	1st order Lazurite Jadeite Nephrite Malachite Amber (Baltic amber) Chrysoprase Charoite 2nd order Agate Amazonite Rhodonite Colorless, smoky and pink quartz Hematite Common opal Opaque iridescent feldspars
Industrial stones	Jasper Graphic granite Petrified wood Cacholong (Porouse opal) Marble onyx Obsidian Listwanite (green mica) Jet Selenite Fluorite Serpentinite Aventurine quartzite Ophicalcite (Serpentine/Calcite) Pagodite (Pyrophyllite/Talc)
Related	List of individual gemstones List of diamonds List of emeralds by size List of sapphires by size
List of gemstones by species Minerals portal

• Individual gemstones
• Gemstone-related lists