Ludlow Epoch - Misplaced Pages

3rd series of the Silurian

Ludlow

427.4 ± 0.5 – 423.0 ± 2.3 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓

A map of Earth as it appeared 425 million years ago during the Ludlow Epoch, Ludfordian Age

Chronology

−444 —–−442 —–−440 —–−438 —–−436 —–−434 —–−432 —–−430 —–−428 —–−426 —–−424 —–−422 —–−420 —–−418 —

PaleozoicOSilurianDLate O Llandovery Wenlock Ludlow Přídolí Early D Rhuddanian Aeronian Telychian Sheinwoodian Homerian Gorstian Ludfordian

←

Lau event

←

Mulde event

←

Ireviken event

Subdivision of the Silurian according to the ICS, as of 2023.
Vertical axis scale: Millions of years ago

Etymology

Name formality

Formal

Name ratified

1980

Usage information

Celestial body

Earth

Regional usage

Global (ICS)

Time scale(s) used

ICS Time Scale

Definition

Chronological unit

Epoch

Stratigraphic unit

Series

Time span formality

Formal

Lower boundary definition

FAD of the Graptolite Saetograptus (Colonograptus) varians

Lower boundary GSSP

Pitch Coppice, Ludlow, U.K.
52°21′33″N 2°46′38″W / 52.3592°N 2.7772°W / 52.3592; -2.7772

Lower GSSP ratified

1980

Upper boundary definition

FAD of the Graptolite Monograptus parultimus.

Upper boundary GSSP

Požáry Section, Prague-Řeporyje, Czech Republic
50°01′40″N 14°19′30″E / 50.0277°N 14.3249°E / 50.0277; 14.3249

Upper GSSP ratified

1984

In the geological timescale, the Ludlow Epoch (from 427.4 ± 0.5 million years ago to 423.0 ± 2.3 million years ago) occurred during the Silurian Period, after the end of the Homerian Age. It is named for the town of Ludlow in Shropshire, England.

The Ludlow Epoch is subdivided into two stages: Gorstian and Ludfordian.

References

Jeppsson, L.; Calner, M. (2007). "The Silurian Mulde Event and a scenario for secundo—secundo events". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 93 (02): 135–154. doi:10.1017/S0263593300000377.
Munnecke, A.; Samtleben, C.; Bickert, T. (2003). "The Ireviken Event in the lower Silurian of Gotland, Sweden-relation to similar Palaeozoic and Proterozoic events". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 195 (1): 99–124. doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00304-3.
"International Chronostratigraphic Chart" (PDF). International Commission on Stratigraphy. September 2023. Retrieved December 16, 2024.
^ Holland, C. (1982). "The State of Silurian Stratigraphy" (PDF). Episodes. 1982 (3): 21–23. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1982/v5i3/004. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
Lucas, Sepncer (6 November 2018). "The GSSP Method of Chronostratigraphy: A Critical Review". Frontiers in Earth Science. 6: 191. Bibcode:2018FrEaS...6..191L. doi:10.3389/feart.2018.00191.
Holland, C. (June 1985). "Series and Stages of the Silurian System" (PDF). Episodes. 8 (2): 101–103. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1985/v8i2/005. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

Silurian Period

Llandovery	Wenlock	Ludlow	Pridoli
Rhuddanian Aeronian Telychian	Sheinwoodian Homerian	Gorstian Ludfordian

Geological history of Earth

Cenozoic Era
(present–66.0 Ma)

Quaternary (present–2.58 Ma)	Holocene (present–11.7 ka) Pleistocene (11.7 ka–2.58 Ma)
Neogene (2.58–23.0 Ma)	Pliocene (2.59–5.33 Ma) Miocene (5.33–23.0 Ma)
Paleogene (23.0–66.0 Ma)	Oligocene (23.0–33.9 Ma) Eocene (33.9–56.0 Ma) Paleocene (56.0–66.0 Ma)

Mesozoic Era
(66.0–252 Ma)

Cretaceous (66.0–145 Ma)	Late (66.0–100 Ma) Early (100–145 Ma)
Jurassic (145–201 Ma)	Late (145–164 Ma) Middle (164–174 Ma) Early (174–201 Ma)
Triassic (201–252 Ma)	Late (201–237 Ma) Middle (237–247 Ma) Early (247–252 Ma)

Paleozoic Era
(252–539 Ma)

Permian (252–299 Ma)	Lopingian (252–260 Ma) Guadalupian (260–272 Ma) Cisuralian (272–299 Ma)
Carboniferous (299–359 Ma)	Pennsylvanian (299–323 Ma) Mississippian (323–359 Ma)
Devonian (359–419 Ma)	Late (359–383 Ma) Middle (383–393 Ma) Early (393–419 Ma)
Silurian (419–444 Ma)	Pridoli (419–423 Ma) Ludlow (423–427 Ma) Wenlock (427–433 Ma) Llandovery (433–444 Ma)
Ordovician (444–485 Ma)	Late (444–458 Ma) Middle (458–470 Ma) Early (470–485 Ma)
Cambrian (485–539 Ma)	Furongian (485–497 Ma) Miaolingian (497–509 Ma) Series 2 (509–521 Ma) Terreneuvian (521–539 Ma)

Proterozoic Eon
(539 Ma–2.5 Ga)

Neoproterozoic (539 Ma–1 Ga)	Ediacaran (539–635 Ma) Cryogenian (635–720 Ma) Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga)
Mesoproterozoic (1–1.6 Ga)	Stenian (1–1.2 Ga) Ectasian (1.2–1.4 Ga) Calymmian (1.4–1.6 Ga)
Paleoproterozoic (1.6–2.5 Ga)	Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga)

Archean Eon (2.5–4 Ga)

Hadean Eon (4–4.6 Ga)

ka = kiloannum (thousand years ago); Ma = megaannum (million years ago); Ga = gigaannum (billion years ago).
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