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Middlesex Formation

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Middlesex Formation
Stratigraphic range: Frasnian
Type	Formation
Unit of	Sonyea Group
Underlies	Cashaqua Shale or Pulteney shale
Overlies	Genesee Group
Thickness	6–75 feet (23 m)
Lithology
Primary	Black Shale
Location
Region	Maryland New York Ohio Pennsylvania West Virginia
Country	United States
Type section
Named for	Town of Middlesex, NY

The Middlesex Formation is a carbon rich black shale geologic formation found in the Appalachian Basin. It represents one of several transgressive events (rising sea levels) during the Late Devonian.

Description

The Middlesex is a laminated, dark grey to black formation comprising mudstone and siltstone. It developed in an anoxic environment. Further evidence of this is the lack of bioturbation. There are also sparse sand and silt layers, suggesting that they were single event deposits.

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Chronostratigraphy of New York

Famennian	Cattaraugus Formation Chadokin Formation NE Shale Oswayo Formation Panama Conglomerate Perrysburg Formation Westfield Shale
Frasnian	Rhinestreet Formation Genesee Group Geneseo Shale Java Formation Sonyea Formation West Falls Formation

Givetian	Tully Limestone Hamilton Group Moscow Formation Ludlowville Formation Skaneatales Formation
Eifelian	Marcellus Shale Onondaga Limestone Tioga Bentonites

Emsian	Bois Blanc Formation

Bertie Formation

Ludfordian	Salina Group
Gorstian	Salina Group

Homerian	Salina Group

Kings Falls Formation

Black River Group: Lowville Formation

Black River Group

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Chronostratigraphy of Pennsylvania

Dunkard Group
Greene Formation:

Windy Gap Limestone

Windy Gap Coal

Gilmore Sandstone

Nineveh Sandstone

Nineveh Coal

Nineveh Limestone

Fish Creek Sandstone

Claysville Limestone

Dunkard Coal

Prosperity Limestone

Tenmile Coal

Donley Limestone

Upper Washington Coal

Rockport Member

Washington Formation:

Upper Washington Limestone Member

Jollytown Limestone Member

Jollytown Coal

Middle Washington Limestone Member

Washington Coal

Lower Washington Limestone Member

Gzhelian	Dunkard Group Waynesburg Formation: Upper Waynesburg Member Little Washington Coal Waynesburg“B” coal Middle Waynesburg Member Waynesburg“A” coal Lower Waynesburg Member Monongahela Group Uniontown Formation: Waynesburg coal "No. 11 Coal" Gilboy Sandstone Member Little Waynesburg Coal Waynesburg Limestone Member Uniontown Sanstone Member Annabelle Shale Member Uniontown Coal "No. 10 Coal" Uniontown Limestone Member "Great Lime" Fulton Shale Member Pittsburgh Formation: Benwood Limestone Upper Sewickley Coal Upper Sewickley Sandstone Member Sewickley Coal "Meigis Creek" "No. 9 Coal" Lower Sewickley Sandstone Member Sewickley Limestone Member Cedarville Sanstone Member Redstone-Pomeroy coal "No 8a. Coal" Westone Sanstone Member Pittsburgh coal seam "No. 8 Coal"
Kasimovian	Conemaugh Group Casselman Formation: Upper Pittsburgh Limestone Member Little Pittsburgh coal seam Lower Pittsburgh Limestone Member Connellsville Member Morgantown Member Birmingham Member Glenshaw Formation Ames Limestone Pittsburgh Red Beds Upper Bakerstown coal Upper Saltsburg Sandstone Member Woods Run Limestone Member Lower Saltsburg Sandstone Member Pine Creek Limestone Member Buffalo Sandstone Member Bush Creek Limestone Member Mahoning Formation Bush Creek Coal Upper Mahoning Sandstone Member Mahoning Coal "No. 7a Coal" Lower Mahoning Sandstone Member
Moscovian	Allegheny Group Freeport Formation: Upper Freeport Coal "No. 7 Coal" Upper Freeport Limestone Member Butler Sandstone Member Lower Freeport Coal "No. 6a Coal" Upper Freeport Limestone Member Freeport Sandstone Member Kittanning Formation Upper Kittanning Coal Johnstone Limestone Member Middle Kittanning Coal "No. 6 Coal" Lower Kittanning Coal "No. 5 Coal" Kittanning Sandstone Member Clarian Formation Clarian Coal "No. 4a Coal" Vanport Limestone Member Brookville Coal "No. 4 Coal" Brookville Member Pottsville Group Beaver River Formation: Homewood Sandstone Member "1st Salt Sand" Mercer Formation Upper Mercer Limestone Member Upper Mercer Coal Lower Mercer Limestone Member Lower Mercer Coal "No. 3 Coal"
Bashkirian	Pottsville Group Connoquenessing Formation: Upper Connoquenessing Sandstone Member "2nd Salt Sand" Quakertown Coal "No. 2 Coal" Quakertown Fire Clay Quakertown Shale Lower Connoquenessing Sandstone Member Sharon Formation Sharon Shale Member Sharon Coal "No. 1 Coal" Sharon Sandstone

Shenango Formation

Mauch Chunk Group

Bluestone Formation

Princeton Formation

Hinton Formation

Maxton Sandstone

Bluefield Formation "Little Lime"

Greenbrier Limestone "Big Lime" Loyalhanna Formation

Cuyahoga Formation

Pocono Group

Burgoon Formation "Big Injun Sandstone"

Sunbury Shale

Berea Sandstone

Bedford Shale
Rockwell Formation

Venango Group

Gantz, Hundred-foot sand, Fifty-foot sand, Thirty-foot sand, Nineveh-Snee, Gordon Stray, Fourth Sand, Fifth Sand, Bayard Sand, Elizabeth Sand, Sweet Richard,

Chadakoin Formation, First Warren

Bradford Group

Upper Warren, Lower Warren, Speechely Stray, Speechely, Balltown A, Balltown B, Balltown C, Sheffield, First Bradford, Second Bradford, Third Bradford, Kane

Elk Group

1st Elk Sand, 2nd Elk Sand, 3rd Elk Sand, 4th Elk Sand, 5th Elk Sand

Ohio Shale

Cleveland Shale

Chagrin Formation

Huron Shale

Catskill Group

Duncannon Member

Sherman Creek Member

Irish Valley Member

Catskill Group

Sherman Creek Member

Irish Valley Member

West Falls Group

Angola Formation

Rhinestreet Shale

Sonyea Group

Cashaqua Shale

Middlesex Shale

Genesee Group / Harrell Shale

West River Shale

Penn Yan Formation

Burket Shale / Geneseo Shale

Tully Limestone

Hamilton Group

Hamilton Group

Marcellus Formation

Onondaga Limestone

Seneca

Moorehouse

Nedrow

Edgecliff

Huntersville Chert

Bobs Ridge Sandstone Member
Needmore Shale

Huntersville Chert, Needmore Shale, Bois Blanc Formation
Oriskany Formation
Helderberg Group (geology)

Helderberg Group (geology)

Helderberg Group (geology)

Keyser Formation

Manlius Limestone

Salina Group

Bertie Formation

Salina Group

Camillus Formation

Salina Group

Syracuse Formation

Salina Group

Vernon Formation

Lockport Group

Guelph Formation

Eramosa Formation

Goat Island Formation

Gasport Formation

Clinton Group

Rochester Shale

Rose Hill Formation "Red Clinton"

Medina Group

Tuscarora Formation

Trenton Group

Coburn Formation

Salona Formation

Rodman Formation

Black River Group

Linden Hall Formation

Snyder Formation

Hatter Formation

Loyalsburg Formation

Wells Creek Formation

Knox Supergroup Beekmantown Group:

Bellefonte Formation

Knox Supergroup

Beekmantown Group

Axeman Formation

Nittany Formation

Stonehenge Formation

Knox Supergroup

Stage 4	Kinzers Formation

Grenville Complex

References

KIRCHGASSER, WILLIAM T.; OVER, D. JEFFREY (9 December 2023). "FRASNIAN (UPPER DEVONIAN) STRATA OF THE GENESEE RIVER VALLEY, WESTERN NEW YORK STATE" (PDF). Otto's Website. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
Schieber, J. (1999-07-01). "Distribution and deposition of mudstone facies in the Upper Devonian Sonyea Group of New York". Journal of Sedimentary Research. 69 (4): 909–925. doi:10.2110/jsr.69.909. ISSN 1527-1404.

"Cashaqua and Middlesex Shales". USGS. Retrieved 2015-09-17.
Bergin, M. J. (1964). "Bedrock Geology of the Penn Yan and Keuka Park Quadrangles New York". Geological Survey Bulletin (1161-G). USGS. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
"Middlesex Shale Formation – Sonyea Group". Shanan E. Peters & Noel A. Heim. Archived from the original on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2015-09-17.
Schieber, J. (1999). "Distribution and deposition of mudstone facies in the Upper Devonian Sonyea Group of New York". Journal of Sedimentary Research. 69 (4). SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology: 909–925. doi:10.2110/jsr.69.909. Retrieved 22 September 2015.

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