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Niccolò I Ludovisi (1610 – 25 December 1664), 2nd Duke of Fiano and Zagarolo, was Prince of Piombino, Marquis of Populonia, Prince of Venosa and Count of Conza, Lord di Scarlino, Populonia, Vignale, Abbadia del Fango, Suvereto, Buriano, Cerboli e Palmaiolan, and Lord prince of the Tuscan Archipelago including the islands of Elba, Montecristo, Pianosa, Gorgona, Capraia, and Isola del Giglio from 1634 until his death.

Family

He was born in Bologna, the son of Orazio Ludovisi, 1st Duke of Fiano and Zagarolo, patrician of Bologna and commander-in-chief of the Papal Army (as well as a brother of Pope Gregory XV), and wife Lavinia Albergati. He was the nephew of later-Cardinal Niccolò Albergati-Ludovisi. He was a brother of Ludovico Ludovisi who was made a cardinal by their uncle the pope.

Marriages and legacy

Ludovisi was married three times.

He married firstly on 30 November 1622 Donna Isabella Gesualdo (Naples, June 1611 – Rome, 8 May 1629), 4th Princess of Venosa, 9th Countess of Conza, only daughter and heiress of Don Emanuele Gesualdo (Naples, 1588 - Torella, 20 August 1613), 8th Count of Conza, and wife as her first husband Martha Polyxèna, Countess zu Fürstenberg (Prague, 29 July 1588 - Atri, 31 May 1649), in turn only paternal granddaughter and heiress of Don Carlo Gesualdo, 3rd Prince of Venosa, and first wife as her third husband Donna Maria d'Avalos, and had:

• Donna Lavinia Ludovisi (1627 – 1634), 5th Princess of Venosa, 10th Countess of Conza, died in childhood

In 1632/1633 Niccolò married secondly Polissena de Mendoza-Appiani (? - 1642), second daughter and heiress of Giorgio de Mendoza, Count of Binasco, and wife and maternal niece Isabella Appiani, Princess of Piombino.

• Gregorio Filippo Ludovisi (1633 - c. 1637), died in childhood

His third marriage in 1644 was to Costanza Pamphili, Princess of San Martino and Alviano (1627 – 3 April 1665), daughter of Pamphilio Pamphili (c. 1564 - 29 August 1639) and wife (1614) Olimpia Maidalchini (c. 1593 - 1657), widow of Paolo Nini, Conservator of the Comune of Viterbo, sister of Maria Flaminia Pamphili (1619 - 1682), married on 12 October 1640 to Andrea Giustiniani, Marquess and 1st Prince of Bassano on 21 November 1644 (? - Rome, 1676), and had issue, and Camillo Francesco Maria Pamphili, 1st Prince of San Martino al Cimino and Valmontone, who married Niccolò Ludovisi's niece, Olimpia Aldobrandini. Her father, Pamphilio Pamphili, had moved to Naples with his wife Olimpia Maidalchini, after his brother, Cardinal Giovanni Battista Pamphili, (future Pope Innocent X), became papal nuncio to the Kingdom of Naples. They had:

• Giovan Battista Ludovisi (1647–1699), 3rd Duke of Fiano and Zagarolo, Prince of Piombino, etc, from 1664
• Olimpia Ludovisi (1656–1700), Princess of Piombino, etc (1700), unmarried
• Lavinia Ludovisi (1659–31 December 1682), married as his first wife Don Giangirolamo Acquaviva d'Aragona (Giulianova, 7 July 1663 - Rome, 14 August 1709), 15th Duke of Atri, Count of Giulianova in 1679, Neapolitan Patrician, Vicar General of the Abruzzi in 1701, Spanish Sergeant-General-Major in 1702, Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1702 by Brevet Nr. 0630, Grandee of Spain 1st Class in 1702, Secretary-General of Battle, and had a son, Don Giosia Acquaviva d'Aragona (1680 - 1710), 16th Duke of Atri, Count of Giulianova, Neapolitan Patrician, Grandee of Spain 1st Class, Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1709 by Brevet Nr. 0652, unmarried and without issue
• Ippolita Ludovisi (1663–1733), Princess of Piombino, etc (1700–1733), married Don Gregorio II Boncompagni, 5th Duke of Sora, etc, Prince Consort of Piombino, etc, and had issue
• Nicolina Ludovisi (c. 1664 – 1665), died in infancy

Niccolò Ludovisi died in Cagliari and was succeeded in his state by his son Giovan Battista Ludovisi.

Titles

Niccolò was recognized as the Prince in 1634, after paying one million florins. He also inherited his father's titles, becoming Marquess of Populonia and Duke of Fiano and Zagarolo.

He was Spanish Viceroy of Aragon (1660–1662) and Sardinia (1662–1664) and in 1657 he was created a Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece.

References

1. Jaitner, p. 167
2. Ludwig von Pastor, History of the Popes, vol. 27, London 1938, p. 66.
3. The Scented Salamander: Archived 2010-05-28 at the Wayback Machine Prince Niccolò I Ludovisi

Literature

Klaus Jaitner, Die Hauptinstruktionen Gregors XV.: Für die Nuntien und Gesandten an den europäischen Fürstenhöfen, 1621-1623, Bibliothek des Deutsches Historisches Institut in Rom, Max Niemeyer Verlag, 1997, pp. 167–178. ISBN 3-484-80146-8, ISBN 978-3-484-80146-2

• 1610 births
• 1664 deaths
• Nobility from Bologna
• Princes of Piombino
• 17th-century Italian nobility
• People of the Cretan War (1645–1669)