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1923 Ontario general election

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1923 Ontario general election
← 1919 June 25, 1923 1926 →
111 seats in the 16th Legislative Assembly of Ontario
56 seats were needed for a majority
  First party Second party Third party
  LIB
Leader Howard Ferguson Ernest C. Drury Wellington Hay
Party Conservative United Farmers Liberal
Leader since December 2, 1920 1920 1921
Leader's seat Grenville Halton (lost re-election) Perth North (lost re-election)
Last election 25 44 27
Seats won 75 17 14
Seat change Increase50 Decrease27 Decrease13
Percentage 49.8% 21.1% 21.8%
Swing Increase14.9pp Increase0.1pp Decrease5.1pp
  Fourth party
 
Leader Walter Rollo
Party Labour
Leader since 1919
Leader's seat Hamilton West (lost re-election)
Last election 11
Seats won 4
Seat change Decrease7
Percentage 4.8%
Swing Decrease4.3pp
Premier before election

Ernest Charles Drury
United Farmers

Premier after election

Howard Ferguson
Conservative

The 1923 Ontario general election was the 16th general election held in the Province of Ontario, Canada. It was held on June 25, 1923, to elect the 111 Members of the 16th Legislative Assembly of Ontario ("MLAs").

The Ontario Conservative Party, led by George Howard Ferguson, was elected to power with a majority in the Legislature (although taking less than half the votes cast).

This election ended the rule of the United Farmers of Ontario-Labour coalition government of Ernest C. Drury.

Campaign

Candidate contests in the ridings
Candidates nominated Ridings Party
Con UFO Lib Lab Ind Pro Ind-Lib Totals
Acclamation 2 1 1 2
2 50 43 34 19 2 1 1 100
3 49 48 34 48 13 1 2 1 147
4 8 8 2 9 6 6 1 32
5 1 1 1 1 2 5
6 1 2 1 1 2 6
Total 111 103 71 78 23 12 3 2 292

Voter turnout

The election saw a voter turnout of just 54.7%, the lowest voter turnout in Ontario history until the 2007 election.

The low election turn-out was in part caused by the worst wind, rain and lightning storm in years inundating the western part of the province. The electrical storm and hurricane began shortly after the polls closed, resulting in massive disruption of telegraph and telephone communications, which hampered the reporting of results.

Results

The 1923 election was plagued by low turn-out, and all the parties took fewer voters than they had in 1919.

The UFO actually took a larger proportion of the vote than it had in 1919 but took just a fraction of the seats it had taken in 1919 due to much of the anti-UFO vote concentrating behind Conservative Party candidates. The UFO had held power by virtue of a coalition with Labour and three other MLAs. Together they had received 34 percent of the votes cast in 1919. The Conservatives after the 1923 election took majority government based on taking 34 percent of the vote by that one party alone.

The Ontario Liberal Party, led by Wellington Hay, lost close to half its caucus in the Conservative landslide. Labour (the Independent Labour Party) too lost most of its MLAs in this turn-around election.

The Conservative party was the most popular, taking 34 percent of the vote. Its candidate was the leading one in a large proportion of the districts, giving it a large majority of seats in the legislature (more than its due proportionally) under the First past the post system in use at the time.

In the election, the UFO again did not run candidates where a Labour candidate was running - and also not in 20 other districts as well. The UFO received the third-most number of votes overall but only ran in about two-thirds of the districts so its vote count likely does not measure its actual support. Together Labour and the UFO ran in 93 seats so the two did not cover all the districts in the province.

The UFO did not receive as many votes as it had in 1919 but still got fairly good numbers considering it did not run candidates in a third of the districts. As the 1923 election was plagued by low turn-out, the UFO received a higher percentage of votes cast than it had received in 1919.

Prior to the election, the UFO government had introduced bills to re-distribute the ridings, and to introduce proportional representation and the single transferable vote, but withdrew them after vehement opposition from the Conservative MLAs, and it was found that even some government members were ambivalent.

Under First past the post, the UFO received about a third of the seats that it was due proportionally overall. Looking at the 71 districts where the UFO ran candidates, it received about half the votes there so was due 35 of those seats but received only eight. In many districts, Conservative candidates took rural seats away from incumbent UFO MLAs by taking just a few hundred more votes than them in each district. In Prince Edward, Conservative candidate Horace Stanley Colliver took just 17 more votes than his closest contender to win the seat.

Ferguson was the only party leader to hold his seat in the election. Drury, Hay and Rollo all lost their seats to their Conservative opponents.

Elections to the 16th Parliament of Ontario (1923)
Political party Party leader MPPs Votes
Candidates 1919 Dissol. 1923 ± # % ± (pp)
Conservative Howard Ferguson 103 25 24 75 50Increase 473,819 49.77% 15.68Increase
United Farmers E.C. Drury 71 44 44 17 27Decrease 199,393 20.94% 0.03Decrease
Liberal Wellington Hay 78 27 27 14 13Decrease 203,079 21.33% 4.18Decrease
Labour Walter Rollo 23 11 11 4 7Decrease 45,213 4.75% 4.34Decrease
Independent 12 – – 1 1Increase 15,426 1.62% 2.45Decrease
Independent Liberal 2 1 1 – 1Decrease 5,041 0.53% 0.08Increase
Progressive 3 – – – – 10,122 1.06% New
Farmer–Labour – 1 1 – 1Decrease Did not campaign
Farmer-Liberal – 1 1 – 1Decrease Did not campaign
Soldier – 1 1 – 1Decrease Did not campaign
Vacant 1
Total 292 111 111 111 952,093 100.00%
Blank and invalid ballots 13,600
Registered voters / turnout 1,655,312 58.34% 27.19Decrease

Synopsis of results

Results by riding - 1923 Ontario general election
Riding Region Winning party Turnout
 Votes
1919 → 1923 Votes Share Margin
# 		Margin
% 		Con UFO Lib Lab Ind I-Lib Prog Total
 
Addington EAS   Con 3,110 70.83% 1,829 41.65% 61.33% 3,110 – 1,281 – – – – 4,391
Algoma NOR   Lib 2,365 36.06% 14 0.21% 67.57% 2,351 1,842 2,365 – – – – 6,558
Brant North MWO   UFO 3,617 50.36% 52 0.72% 61.19% 3,565 3,617 – – – – – 7,182
Brant South MWO   Lab 5,678 53.26% 695 6.52% 59.09% – – 4,983 5,678 – – – 10,661
Brockville EAS  →  Con 4,182 59.12% 1,290 18.24% 62.26% 4,182 – 2,892 – – – – 7,074
Bruce North MWO   UFO 2,557 39.97% 311 4.86% 75.68% 2,246 2,557 1,595 – – – – 6,398
Bruce South MWO  →  UFO 1,942 35.83% 49 0.90% 67.10% 1,893 1,942 1,585 – – – – 5,420
Bruce West MWO   Lib 2,582 38.73% 38 0.57% 68.07% 1,541 2,544 2,582 – – – – 6,667
Carleton EAS  →  Con 4,813 61.22% 1,764 22.44% 64.13% 4,813 3,049 – – – – – 7,862
Cochrane NOR   Lib 3,138 39.54% 627 7.90% 42.39% 2,172 – 3,138 2,511 116 – – 7,937
Dufferin MWO  →  Con 3,898 51.47% 223 2.94% 72.03% 3,898 3,675 – – – – – 7,573
Dundas EAS  →  Con 3,773 54.07% 568 8.14% 65.52% 3,773 3,205 – – – – – 6,978
Durham East CEN  →  Con 3,040 60.25% 1,034 20.49% 63.35% 3,040 2,006 – – – – – 5,046
Durham West CEN   Lib 2,295 42.31% 181 3.34% 67.51% 2,114 1,015 2,295 – – – – 5,424
Elgin East SWO  →  Con 2,968 44.34% 1,050 15.69% 61.37% 2,968 1,807 1,918 – – – – 6,693
Elgin West SWO  →  Con 5,289 50.07% 1,709 14.68% 58.24% 5,289 2,773 3,580 – – – – 11,642
Essex North SWO  →  Lib 4,282 62.15% 1,674 24.30% 49.08% – 2,608 4,282 – – – – 6,890
Essex South SWO  →  Con 2,652 35.43% 60 0.80% 57.08% 2,652 2,592 2,241 – – – – 7,485
Fort William NOR  →  Con 2,866 39.94% 208 2.90% 57.97% 2,866 – 1,152 2,658 – 500 – 7,176
Frontenac EAS   Con 3,529 57.56% 927 15.12% 70.59% 3,529 2,602 – – – – – 6,131
Glengarry EAS  →  Lib 3,313 54.53% 550 9.05% 54.27% – 2,763 3,313 – – – – 6,076
Grenville EAS   Con 4,374 66.56% 2,176 33.11% 60.17% 4,374 2,198 – – – – – 6,572
Grey Centre MWO   UFO 3,636 50.52% 75 1.04% 65.32% 3,561 3,636 – – – – – 7,197
Grey North MWO  →  UFO 3,873 40.50% 60 0.63% 68.46% 3,813 3,873 1,877 – – – – 9,563
Grey South MWO  →  Con 4,553 51.77% 312 3.55% 65.93% 4,553 4,241 – – – – – 8,794
Haldimand MWO  →  Con 4,297 47.56% 644 7.13% 65.96% 4,297 3,653 1,085 – – – – 9,035
Halton HAM  →  Con 5,186 45.43% 716 6.27% 68.60% 5,186 4,470 1,760 – – – – 11,416
Hamilton East HAM  →  Con 11,064 55.07% 5,932 29.53% 41.12% 11,064 – 5,132 3,894 – – – 20,090
Hamilton West HAM  →  Con 5,784 52.42% 2,731 24.75% 46.80% 5,784 – 3,053 2,198 – – – 11,035
Hastings East EAS  →  Con 3,741 62.40% 1,487 24.80% 64.10% 3,741 2,254 – – – – – 5,995
Hastings North EAS   Con 4,356 71.77% 2,643 43.55% 58.15% 4,356 1,713 – – – – – 6,069
Hastings West EAS   Con 4,846 60.05% 1,622 20.10% 51.08% 4,846 – 3,224 – – – – 8,070
Huron Centre MWO  →  Con 3,133 41.58% 724 9.61% 66.47% 3,133 1,992 – 2,409 – – – 7,534
Huron North MWO   Con 2,896 44.44% 398 6.11% 68.11% 2,896 2,498 1,122 – – – – 6,516
Huron South MWO  →  Con 2,800 40.11% 437 6.26% 69.29% 2,800 2,363 1,818 – – – – 6,981
Kenora NOR   Con acclaimed
Kent East SWO   UFO 4,024 54.75% 698 9.50% 57.65% 3,326 4,024 – – – – – 7,350
Kent West SWO   Lib 6,153 59.80% 2,017 19.60% 47.73% – 4,136 6,153 – – – – 10,289
Kingston EAS   Con acclaimed
Lambton East SWO   UFO 3,224 44.28% 458 6.29% 66.68% 2,766 3,224 1,291 – – – – 7,281
Lambton West SWO  →  Con 6,022 45.96% 2,119 16.17% 60.18% 6,022 3,903 3,179 – – – – 13,104
Lanark North EAS  →  Con 3,339 54.32% 531 8.64% 65.14% 3,339 2,808 – – – – – 6,147
Lanark South EAS  →  Con 3,874 57.27% 983 14.53% 59.71% 3,874 2,891 – – – – – 6,765
Leeds EAS   Con 3,779 57.34% 968 14.69% 60.65% 3,779 2,811 – – – – – 6,590
Lennox EAS  →  Lib 2,767 51.22% 132 2.44% 69.44% 2,635 – 2,767 – – – – 5,402
Lincoln HAM  →  UFO 2,360 35.05% 43 0.64% 58.34% 2,057 2,360 2,317 – – – – 6,734
London SWO  →  Con 9,865 64.85% 7,611 50.03% 46.16% 9,865 – 1,851 2,254 1,243 – – 15,213
Manitoulin NOR   UFO 2,407 57.64% 638 15.28% 66.69% 1,769 2,407 – – – – – 4,176
Middlesex East SWO   UFO 3,568 47.76% 377 5.05% 34.24% 3,191 3,568 711 – – – – 7,470
Middlesex North SWO  →  Con 3,319 52.52% 318 5.03% 67.10% 3,319 3,001 – – – – – 6,320
Middlesex West SWO   UFO 2,642 52.03% 206 4.06% 66.37% – 2,642 2,436 – – – – 5,078
Muskoka CEN   Con 4,186 64.45% 1,877 28.90% — 4,186 – 2,309 – – – – 6,495
Niagara Falls HAM  →  Con 4,922 51.97% 2,518 26.59% 47.04% 4,922 – 2,145 2,404 – – – 9,471
Nipissing NOR  →  Con 3,238 48.83% 268 4.04% 52.46% 3,238 – 2,970 423 – – – 6,631
Norfolk North MWO   UFO 3,068 51.87% 221 3.74% 61.16% 2,847 3,068 – – – – – 5,915
Norfolk South MWO  →  Con 3,070 55.84% 642 11.68% 73.34% 3,070 2,428 – – – – – 5,498
Northumberland East CEN  →  Con 4,434 52.09% 356 4.18% 71.02% 4,434 4,078 – – – – – 8,512
Northumberland West CEN   Lib 2,810 51.44% 157 2.87% 69.94% 2,653 – 2,810 – – – – 5,463
Ontario North CEN   UFO 3,330 50.61% 80 1.22% 68.75% 3,250 3,330 – – – – – 6,580
Ontario South CEN   Lib 4,212 39.72% 197 1.86% 58.35% 4,015 2,376 4,212 – – – – 10,603
Ottawa East OTT   Lib 4,635 59.35% 1,460 18.69% 36.23% – – 7,810 – – – – 7,810
Ottawa West OTT  →  Lib 7,362 40.15% 892 4.87% 41.55% 7,624 – 7,362 2,086 1,263 – – 18,335
Oxford North MWO  →  UFO 4,019 40.29% 826 8.28% 64.65% 3,193 4,019 2,762 – – – – 9,974
Oxford South MWO  →  Con 3,889 39.20% 755 7.61% 69.74% 3,889 3,134 2,898 – – – – 9,921
Parkdale TOR   Con 6,050 79.76% 4,515 59.53% 30.68% 6,050 – 1,535 – – – – 7,585
Parry Sound NOR  →  Con 4,876 56.10% 2,579 29.67% 61.07% 4,876 1,519 2,297 – – – – 8,692
Peel CEN   Con 6,087 56.34% 1,369 12.67% — 6,087 4,718 – – – – – 10,805
Perth North MWO  →  Con 6,289 51.68% 410 3.37% 59.60% 6,289 – 5,879 – – – – 12,168
Perth South MWO  →  Con 3,454 50.34% 46 0.67% 63.51% 3,454 3,408 – – – – – 6,862
Peterborough East CEN  →  Con 2,550 52.35% 229 4.70% — 2,550 2,321 – – – – – 4,871
Peterborough West CEN  →  Con 4,278 44.37% 904 9.38% 57.87% 4,278 – 3,374 1,990 – – – 9,642
Port Arthur NOR   Con 2,331 40.27% 727 12.56% 58.19% 2,331 1,346 1,604 – 508 – – 5,789
Prescott EAS  →  Ind 3,608 52.87% 740 10.84% 58.92% – – 2,868 348 3,608 – – 6,824
Prince Edward EAS  →  Con 4,039 50.12% 19 0.24% 71.12% 4,039 – 4,020 – – – – 8,059
Rainy River NOR  →  Lab 1,738 42.72% 148 3.64% 65.94% 1,590 – 740 1,738 – – – 4,068
Renfrew North EAS  →  Con 4,235 50.65% 108 1.29% 63.48% 4,235 4,127 – – – – – 8,362
Renfrew South EAS   UFO 3,653 37.41% 585 5.99% 67.45% 3,044 3,653 3,068 – – – – 9,765
Riverdale TOR  →  Con 11,074 79.05% 9,309 66.45% 35.56% 11,074 – 1,765 1,169 – – – 14,008
Russell EAS   Lib 4,648 72.94% 2,924 45.89% 35.35% – 1,724 4,648 – – – – 6,372
St. Catharines HAM  →  Con 5,364 55.81% 2,490 25.91% 49.90% 5,364 – 2,874 1,374 – – – 9,612
Sault Ste. Marie NOR  →  Con 2,839 43.27% 444 6.77% 43.28% 2,839 – 2,395 1,327 – – – 6,561
Simcoe Centre CEN  →  Con 3,535 39.84% 529 5.96% 65.77% 3,535 3,006 2,332 – – – – 8,873
Simcoe East CEN  →  Con 5,692 57.57% 1,498 15.15% 57.55% 5,692 4,194 – – – – – 9,886
Simcoe South CEN  →  Con 3,016 55.88% 635 11.77% 72.26% 3,016 2,381 – – – – – 5,397
Simcoe West CEN   Con 3,610 56.78% 1,580 24.85% 57.05% 3,610 2,030 634 – 84 – – 6,358
Stormont EAS  →  Con 3,661 44.04% 1,050 12.63% 56.13% 3,661 2,041 2,611 – – – – 8,313
Sturgeon Falls NOR   Lib 2,671 62.32% 1,670 38.96% — 614 1,001 2,671 – – – – 4,286
Sudbury NOR   Con 5,816 58.65% 1,816 17.31% 60.80% 5,816 – 4,100 – – – – 9,916
Timiskaming NOR   Con 3,160 44.12% 1,008 14.07% 58.76% 3,160 2,152 1,850 – – – – 7,162
Toronto NE - A TOR   Con 13,049 71.46% 10,205 55.88% 34.78% 13,049 – 2,844 – – – 2,368 18,261
Toronto NE - B TOR   Con 13,952 77.58% 9,919 55.15% 34.61% 13,952 – – – – – 4,033 17,985
Toronto NW - A TOR   Con 17,255 85.34% 14,291 70.68% 34.17% 17,255 – 2,964 – – – – 20,219
Toronto NW - B TOR  →  Con 14,703 70.46% 10,982 52.63% 34.34% 14,703 – – – – 2,443 3,721 20,867
Toronto SE - A TOR  →  Con 7,730 81.56% 7,019 74.06% 31.85% 7,730 – 1,037 711 – – – 9,478
Toronto SE - B TOR  →  Con 7,216 77.13% 5,986 63.98% 31.60% 7,216 – 1,230 910 – – – 9,356
Toronto SW - A TOR  →  Con 8,233 56.71% 4,761 37.39% 50.78% 8,233 – 3,472 2,812 – – – 14,517
Toronto SW - B TOR  →  Con 7,756 52.54% 5,158 37.48% 48.28% 7,756 – 2,198 2,211 – 2,598 – 14,763
Victoria North CEN  →  Con 2,711 47.00% 358 6.21% 66.72% 2,711 2,353 704 – – – – 5,768
Victoria South CEN  →  Con 3,880 42.64% 526 5.78% 75.56% 3,880 3,354 1,865 – – – – 9,099
Waterloo North MWO  →  Con 5,370 50.35% 2,237 20.98% 47.96% 5,370 – 3,133 309 1,853 – – 10,665
Waterloo South MWO  →  Lab 5,006 50.08% 15 0.15% 47.29% 4,991 – – 5,006 – – – 9,997
Welland HAM  →  Con 4,941 52.19% 1,239 13.09% 59.17% 4,941 824 3,702 – – – – 9,467
Wellington East MWO   UFO 3,628 61.64% 1,370 23.28% 61.32% 2,258 3,628 – – – – – 5,886
Wellington South MWO   Con 5,444 52.04% 2,424 23.17% 60.12% 5,444 3,020 1,997 – – – – 10,461
Wellington West MWO  →  Con 2,685 50.41% 576 10.81% 65.13% 2,685 2,109 532 – – – – 5,326
Wentworth North HAM   UFO 3,397 58.02% 939 16.04% 65.80% 2,458 3,397 – – – – – 5,855
Wentworth South HAM  →  Con 3,348 46.38% 889 12.32% 49.57% 3,348 2,459 1,411 – – – – 7,218
Windsor SWO  →  Con 5,424 53.29% 1,871 18.38% 34.99% 5,424 – 3,553 1,202 – – – 10,179
York East CEN   Con 11,863 71.36% 8,783 52.84% 32.85% 11,863 3,080 976 – 704 – – 16,623
York North CEN   Con 4,341 44.65% 811 8.34% 69.77% 4,341 1,852 3,530 – – – – 9,723
York West CEN   Con 14,338 72.10% 8,791 44.21% 33.00% 14,338 – – – 5,547 – – 19,885
  1. Data compiled from "Return from the Records of the General Election to the Legislative Assembly in 1923 held on 14th and 25th June". Legislative Assembly of Ontario. 1923.. Party affiliations per Hopkins 1924, pp. 577–579. Tables compiled by Elections Ontario have incomplete riding list and multiple transcription errors.
  2. including spoilt ballots
  3. Incumbent was elected as Farmer-Liberal in 1919
  4. ^ Incumbent returned
  5. Incumbent was elected as Farmer-Labour in 1919
  = turnout is above provincial average
  = incumbent re-elected under the same party banner
  = returned by acclamation
  = incumbency arose from byelection gain
  = incumbent switched allegiance for 1923 nomination
  = other incumbents renominated
  = multiple candidates

Regional analysis

Distribution of candidates, seats and popular vote %, by party by region (1923)
Region Candidates Seats Vote share (%)
Con UFO Lib Lab Ind I-Lib Prog Con UFO Lib Lab Ind Con UFO Lib Lab Ind I-Lib Prog
Central Ontario 19 12 12 1 1 – – 16 – 3 – – 53.12 23.84 21.44 1.54 0.07 – –
Eastern Ontario 14 12 9 2 3 – – 11 1 4 – 1 39.87 26.89 27.44 1.93 3.87 – –
Hamilton, Halton and Niagara 9 5 8 4 – – – 7 2 – – – 49.64 14.86 24.64 10.86 – – –
Midwestern Ontario 20 17 12 3 1 – – 10 8 1 2 – 42.57 31.87 18.06 6.42 1.08 – –
Northeastern Ontario 9 5 8 3 1 – – 5 1 3 – – 43.34 14.41 35.18 6.88 0.19 – –
Northwest Ontario 3 1 3 3 3 – – 2 – – 2 – 39.85 7.90 20.52 25.81 5.92 – –
Southwestern Ontario 13 14 14 2 1 – – 10 4 2 – – 39.44 30.24 26.87 2.54 0.91 – –
Toronto 10 – 9 5 – 2 3 10 – – – – 72.78 – 11.59 5.31 – 3.43 6.88
York, Peel and Ontario 6 5 3 – 2 – – 4 1 1 – – 58.58 20.97 11.91 – 8.54 – –
Total 103 71 78 23 12 2 3 75 17 14 4 1 49.77 20.94 21.33 4.75 1.62 0.53 1.06

MLAs elected

Italicized names indicate members returned by acclamation. Two-tone colour boxes indicate ridings that turned over from the 1919 election, eg,

   (Conservative in 1923 and UFO in 1919)
Central Ontario
  Addington: William David Black   Durham East: Albert James Fallis   Durham West: William John Bragg   Hastings East: James Ferguson Hill   Hastings North: John Robert Cooke   Hastings West: William Henry Ireland   Lennox: John Perry Vrooman   Muskoka: George Walter Ecclestone   Northumberland East: James Franklin Beatty Belford   Northumberland West: Samuel Clarke   Peterborough East: Thomas Dalton Johnston   Peterborough West: William Herbert Bradburn   Prince Edward: Horace Stanley Colliver   Simcoe Centre: Charles Ernest Wright   Simcoe East: William Finlayson   Simcoe South: William Earl Rowe   Simcoe West: James Edgar Jamieson   Victoria North: James Raglan Mark   Victoria South: Robert John Patterson
Eastern Ontario
  Brockville: Hezekiah Allan Clark   Carleton: Adam Holland Acres   Dundas: Aaron Sweet   Frontenac: Anthony McGuin Rankin   Glengarry: James Alexander Sangster   Grenville: George Howard Ferguson   Kingston: William Folger Nickle   Lanark North: Thomas Alfred Thompson   Lanark South: Egerton Reuben Stedman   Leeds: Andrew Wellington Gray   Ottawa East: Joseph Albert Pinard   Ottawa West: Harold Fisher   Prescott: Edmond Proulx   Renfrew North: Alexander Stuart   Renfrew South: John Carty   Russell: Aurélien Bélanger   Stormont: John Colborne Milligan
Hamilton/Halton/Niagara
  Halton: George Hillmer   Hamilton East: Leeming Carr   Hamilton West: Arthur Campbell Garden   Lincoln: Robert Henry Kemp   Niagara Falls: William Gore Willson   St. Catharines: Edwin Cyrus Graves   Welland: Marshall Vaughan   Wentworth North: Frank Campbell Biggs   Wentworth South: Thomas Joseph Mahony
Midwestern Ontario
  Brant: Harry Corwin Nixon   Brant South: Morrison Mann MacBride   Bruce North: William Henry Fenton   Bruce South: Malcolm Alex McCallum   Bruce West: Alexander Patterson Mewhinney   Dufferin: Charles Robert McKeown   Grey Centre: Dougall Carmichael   Grey North: David James Taylor   Grey South: David Jamieson   Haldimand: Richard Nixon Berry   Norfolk North: George David Sewell   Norfolk South: John Strickler Martin   Oxford North: David Munroe Ross   Oxford South: William Henry Chambers   Perth North: Joseph Dunsmore Monteith   Perth South: McCausland Irvine   Waterloo North: William George Weichel   Waterloo South: Karl Kenneth Homuth   Wellington East: William Raney   Wellington South: Lincoln Goldie   Wellington West: William Clarke Chambers
Northeastern Ontario
  Algoma: Arthur Gladstone Wallis   Cochrane: Malcolm Lang   Manitoulin: Beniah Bowman   Nipissing: Henri Morel   Parry Sound: George Vernon Harcourt   Sault Ste. Marie: James Lyons   Sturgeon Falls: Zotique Mageau   Sudbury: Charles McCrea   Timiskaming: Angus John Kennedy
Northwest Ontario
  Fort William: Franklin Harford Spence   Kenora: Peter Heenan   Port Arthur: Francis Henry Keefer   Rainy River: John Fullarton Callan
Southwestern Ontario
  Elgin East: Michael McKnight   Elgin West: Findlay George MacDiarmid   Essex North: Edward Philip Tellier   Essex South: Adolphus T. Armstrong   Huron Centre: Ebon Rinaldo Wigle   Huron North: John Joynt   Huron South: Nelson William Trewartha   Kent East: Manning William Doherty   Kent West: Robert Livingstone Brackin   Lambton East: Leslie Warner Oke   Lambton West: Wilfred Smith Haney   London: Adam Beck   Middlesex East: John Willard Freeborn   Middlesex North: George Adam Elliott   Middlesex West: John Giles Lethbridge   Windsor: Frank Worthington Wilson
Toronto
  Parkdale: William Herbert Price   Riverdale: George Oakley   Toronto Northeast - A: Alexander Cameron Lewis   Toronto Northeast - B: Joseph Elijah Thompson   Toronto Northwest - A: Thomas Crawford   Toronto Northwest - B: Arthur Russell Nesbitt   Toronto Southeast - A: John Allister Currie   Toronto Southeast - B: Edward William James Owens   Toronto Southwest - A: James Arthur McCausland   Toronto Southwest - B: Frederick George McBrien
York/Peel/Ontario
  Ontario North: John Wesley Widdifield   Ontario South: William Edmund Newton Sinclair   Peel: Thomas Laird Kennedy   York East: George Stewart Henry   York North: William Keith   York West: Forbes Godfrey

Detailed analysis

Seats and popular vote by party
Party Seats Votes Change (pp)
█ Conservative 75 / 111 49.56% 15.47 15.47 
█ United Farmers 17 / 111 21.11% 0.14 0.14 
█ Liberal 14 / 111 21.36% -4.15  
█ Labour 4 / 111 4.76% -4.33  
█ Independent 1 / 111 1.62% -2.45  
█ Other 0 / 111 1.59% -4.68  
Party rankings (1st to 5th place)
Party Acc 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
█ Conservative 1 74 22 5 1
█ United Farmers 17 43 11
█ Liberal 14 35 27 2
█ Labour 1 3 5 13 1
█ Independent 1 1 1 6 2
█ Progressive 2 1
█ Independent-Liberal 1 1
Totals 2 109 109 59 10 2
Party candidates in 2nd place
Party in 1st place Con UFO Lib Lab Ind Pro
█ Conservative 37 29 4 2 2
█ United Farmers 14 3
█ Liberal 6 6 1 1
█ Labour 2 1
█ Independent 1
Totals 22 43 35 5 2 2
Principal races, according to 1st and 2nd-place results
Parties Seats
█ Conservative █ United Farmers 51
█ Conservative █ Liberal 35
█ Liberal █ United Farmers 9
█ Conservative █ Labour 6
█ Conservative █ Progressive 2
█ Liberal █ Labour 2
█ Conservative █ Independent 1
█ Conservative █ Independent-Liberal 1
█ Liberal █ Liberal 1
█ Independent █ Liberal 1
Total 109

Incumbents not running for reelection

Sixteen MLAs chose not to stand for re-election:

Riding Incumbent at dissolution and subsequent nominee New MLA
Algoma   Kenneth Spencer Stover Arthur Gladstone Wallis   Arthur Gladstone Wallis
Elgin East   Malcolm MacVicar William F. Smith   Michael McKnight
Essex South   Milton C. Fox John Orville Duke   Adolphus T. Armstrong
Huron South   Andrew Hicks William George Medd   Nelson William Trewartha
Lennox   Reginald Amherst Fowler Charles Wesley Hambly   John Perry Vrooman
Middlesex North   James C. Brown Harold Currie   George Adam Elliott
Ottawa West   Hammett Pinhey Hill Albert Edwin Honeywell   Harold Fisher
Oxford South   Albert Thomas Walker John L. Wright   William Henry Chambers
Port Arthur   Donald McDonald Hogarth Francis Henry Keefer   Francis Henry Keefer
Riverdale   Joseph McNamara —   George Oakley
Russell   Alfred Goulet Aurélien Bélanger   Aurélien Bélanger
Simcoe West   William Torrance Allen James Edgar Jamieson   James Edgar Jamieson
Timiskaming   Thomas Magladery Angus John Kennedy   Angus John Kennedy
Toronto Southeast - B   James Walter Curry John Callahan   Edward William James Owens
Wellington South   Caleb Henry Buckland Lincoln Goldie   Lincoln Goldie
York North   Thomas Herbert Lennox William Keith   William Keith

Seats that changed hands

Elections to the 16th Parliament of Ontario – seats won/lost by party, 1919–1923
Party 1919 Gain from (loss to) 1923
Con UFO Lib Lab Ind I-Lib F-Lab F-Lib Sol
Conservative 25 29 13 (2) 9 (1) 1 1 75
United Farmers 44 (29) 3 (2) 1 17
Liberal 27 2 (13) 2 (3) (1) 14
Labour 11 1 (9) 1 4
Independent – 1 1
Independent-Liberal 1 (1) –
Farmer–Labour 1 (1) –
Farmer-Liberal 1 (1) –
Soldier 1 (1) –
Total 111 3 (53) 31 (4) 17 (4) 9 (2) – (1) 1 – 1 – 1 – 1 – 111

There were 64 seats that changed allegiance in the election.

UFO to Conservative
UFO to Liberal
Liberal to Conservative
Liberal to UFO
Liberal to Independent
Labour to Conservative
Independent-Liberal to Conservative
Farmer-Labour to Labour
Farmer-Liberal to UFO
Soldier to Conservative
Conservative to Liberal
Conservative to Labour

Resulting composition of the 16th Legislative Assembly of Ontario
Source Party
Con UFO Lib Lab Ind Total
Seats retained Incumbents returned 16 13 8 1 38
Open seats held 5 2 7
Acclamation 1 1 2
Seats changing hands Incumbents defeated 45 2 2 1 1 51
Open seats gained 7 2 9
Byelection gain held 1 1 2
Change in affiliation 1 1 2
Total 75 17 14 4 1 111

Notable groups of candidates

Women candidates in the 1923 election
Riding Candidate Votes Placed
Fort William █ Liberal Mrs B.O. Allen 1,152 3rd
Toronto Northeast - B █ Progressive Mrs Mary E. Becker 4,033 2nd
Toronto Northwest - B █ United Farmers Edith L. Groves 3,721 2nd
Candidates returned by acclamation
Riding Party Candidate
Kenora █ Labour Peter Heenan
Kingston █ Conservative William Folger Nickle
Dual nominations in the 1923 election
Riding Candidate Votes Placed
Ottawa East █ Liberal Joseph Albert Pinard 4,635 1st
J. Wilfred Gauvreau 3,175 2nd
Ottawa West █ Conservative Albert Edwin Honeywell 6,470 2nd
Arthur Ellis 1,154 4th
Toronto Southeast - A █ Liberal Frederick Hogg 656 3rd
Alfred Burgess 381 4th

See also

Notes

References

  1. "1923 General Election". Elections Ontario. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
  2. "Boring campaign behind poor voter turnout: analysts". CTV News. Bell Media. October 11, 2007. Retrieved January 3, 2021.
  3. Edmonton Bulletin, June 26, 1923
  4. "Ferguson is Victor". The Georgetown Herald. June 27, 1923. p. 2.
  5. "Bill 177 - An Act respecting the Representation of the People in the Legislative Assembly". Legislative Assembly of Ontario. April 12, 1923.
  6. "Bill 178 - An Act to provide for the Election of Members to the Assembly on the System of Proportional Representation". Legislative Assembly of Ontario. April 12, 1923.
  7. "Bill 179 - An Act to provide for a System of Transferable Votes at Elections to the Assembly". Legislative Assembly of Ontario. April 12, 1923.
  8. Hopkins 1924, pp. 532–534.
  9. Edmonton Bulletin, April 20, 1923
  10. Edmonton Bulletin, June 26, 1923
  11. Canadian Parliamentary Guide 1925
  12. ^ Hopkins 1924, pp. 577–579.
  13. Hopkins 1924, p. 577.

Further reading

Ontario Elections and referendums in Ontario
General elections
By-electionsList of Ontario by-elections
Municipal elections
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