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Pumiliopareia Temporal range: Changhsingian, 254–252 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Life restoration of Pumiliopareia pricei
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Procolophonomorpha
Family:	†Pareiasauridae
(unranked):	†Pumiliopareiasauria
Genus:	Pumiliopareia Broom and Robinson, 1948
Type species
†Nanoparia pricei Broom and Robinson, 1948
Synonyms
Nanoparia pricei Broom and Robinson, 1948 Pareiasaurus pricei Broom and Robinson, 1948

Pumiliopareia is an extinct genus of pareiasaurid parareptile from the Permian period of South Africa. It is known from a complete skeleton with osteoderms.

Description

Pumiliopareia was about 50 cm (19.6 in) in length with a 12 cm (4.7 in) skull. It is the smallest known member of the pareiasaurs, measuring only a fifth as long as some of its larger relatives. Like Anthodon, its body was entirely covered with osteoderms. In analyses that support a pareiasaur origin of turtles, the sister taxon of the testudines. However it specifically shares with turtles a single trait only: Ribs greatly expanded anteroposteriorly (i.e. wide).

Classification

Originally included under the genus Nanoparia, it was given its own name by Lee 1997 who found it did not form a clade with Nanoparia luckhoffi, the type species of that genus, and preferred to have monophyletic genera. Nanoparia may still be a paraphyletic genus, which is allowed in Linanean binomial taxonomy, or it may be that all three pumiliopareiasaurs are similar enough to belong to single genus.

External links

• Elginiidae and Pumiliopareiasauria at Palaeos

References

1. Broom, R.; Robinson, J.T. (1948). "Two new cotylosaurian reptiles". Annals of the Transvaal Museum. 21 (1): 51–54.
2. Lee, M.S.Y. (1997). "A taxonomic revision of pareiasaurian reptiles: implications for Permian terrestrial ecology". Modern Geology. 21: 231–298.

v t e Procolophonia
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Superclass: Tetrapoda Clade: Amniota Class: Sauropsida Sauropsida see Sauropsida Procolophonia see below↓ Procolophonia
Nyctiphruretidae? Abyssomedon Nyctiphruretus Pareiasauromorpha Lanthanosuchidae? Chalcosaurus Lanthaniscus? Lanthanosuchus Nycteroleteridae Bashkyroleter Emeroleter Macroleter Nycteroleter Rhipaeosaurus Pareiasauria Bradysaurus Bunostegos Deltavjatia Embrithosaurus Nochelesaurus Parasaurus Senectosaurus Pumiliopareiasauria Anthodon Nanoparia Provelosaurus Pumiliopareia Therischia Arganaceras Elginia Obirkovia Pareiasaurus Sanchuansaurus Scutosaurus Shihtienfenia Procolophonoidea Owenettidae Barasaurus Candelaria Owenetta Ruhuhuaria Saurodektes Procolophonidae Coartaredens? Coletta Eomurruna Gomphiosauridion? Kinelia? Kitchingnathus Lasasaurus Oryporan Phaanthosaurus Pintosaurus Sauropareion Smilodonterpeton Sphenosaurus Spondylolestes? Suchonosaurus Theledectes Tichvinskia Tricuspisaurus? Xenodiphyodon? Youngetta Leptopleuroninae Basileosaurus? Cornualbus Hwiccewyrm Hypsognathus Koiloskiosaurus Leptopleuron Libognathus Mandaphon Neoprocolophon Pentaedrusaurus Phonodus Sclerosaurus Scoloparia Soturnia Threordatoth Procolophoninae Anomoiodon Burtensia Eumetabolodon Insulophon? Kapes Lestanshoria? Orenburgia Procolina Procolophon Samaria? Teratophon Thelephon Thelerpeton Timanophon

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