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Qa is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.

Mongolian language

Qa
The Mongolian script
Mongolian vowels
ᠠa ᠡe ᠢi ᠣo ᠤu ᠥö ᠦü ᠧ(ē)
Mongolian consonants
ᠨn ᠩng ᠪb ᠫ(p) ᠬq/k ᠭɣ/g ᠮm ᠯl ᠰs ᠱš ᠲt ᠳd ᠴč ᠵǰ ᠶy ᠷr ᠸ(w)
Foreign consonants
Mongolian script multigraphs
v t e

Letter
q	k	Transliteration
ᠬ		Initial
‍ᠬ‍		Medial (syllable-initial)
—	—	Medial (syllable-final)
—	—	Final

C-V syllables
q‑a	qa	ke	ki	qo, qu	kö, kü	Transliteration
—	ᠬᠠ	ᠬᠡ	ᠬᠢ	ᠬᠣ᠋	ᠬᠥ ⟨w/o tail⟩	Alone
					ᠬᠥ᠋ ⟨w/ tail⟩
—	ᠬᠠ‍	ᠬᠡ‍	ᠬᠢ‍	ᠬᠣ‍	ᠬᠥ‍	Initial
—	‍ᠬᠠ‍	‍ᠬᠡ‍	‍ᠬᠢ‍	‍ᠬᠣ‍	‍ᠬᠥ‍	Medial
‍ᠬ᠎ᠠ ⟨⟩	—	‍ᠬᠡ	‍ᠬᠢ	‍ᠬᠣ	‍ᠬᠥ	Final

q/k

• Transcribes Chakhar /x/; Khalkha /x/. Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter х.
• Produced with H using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.
• In the Mongolian Unicode block, q/k comes after p and before ɣ/g.

q

• Distinction from other tooth-shaped letters by position in syllable sequence.
• A separated isolate-shaped ‑q appears in the Uyghur loan title ayaɣ‑q‑a tegimlig 'worthy of respect; reverend'.
• Derived from Old Uyghur merged gimel and heth (𐽲).

k

• Syllable-initially indistinguishable from g.
• Derived from Old Uyghur kaph (𐽷).

Clear Script

Notes

1. Scholarly transliteration.
2. As in ᠬᠠ/ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ qa/qamiɣ‑a (хаа khaa) 'where'.
3. As in ᠬᠡ/ᠬᠡᠭᠡ/ᠬᠡᠭᠡᠨ ke/kege/kegen (хээ khee) 'pattern, piping, design, stamp'.
4. See the separated  ᠬᠢ ‑ki suffix.
5. As in the strengthening (emphatic) ᠭᠦ kü (хүү khüü) particle, or ᠬᠥ/ᠬᠥᠭᠡ kö/köge (хөө khöö) 'soot; obstacle, hindrance; trouble', or 'ring of mail'.
6. Separated suffixes starting with the letter k include:  ᠬᠢ ‑ki or  ᠬᠢᠨ ‑kin (case-bound possession).

References

1. "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
2. ^ Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
3. ^ Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
4. Bat-Ireedui, Jantsangiyn; Sanders, Alan J. K. (2015-08-14). Colloquial Mongolian: The Complete Course for Beginners. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-30598-9.
5. ^ "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.
6. ^ Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
7. "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
8. ^ Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi; as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.
9. ^ Grønbech, Kaare; Krueger, John Richard (1993). An Introduction to Classical (literary) Mongolian: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, Glossary. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-03298-8.
10. "PROPOSAL Encode Mongolian Suffix Connector (U+180F) To Replace Narrow Non-Breaking Space (U+202F)" (PDF). UTC Document Register for 2017. 2017-01-15.
11. "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
12. "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
13. jowilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
14. Kara, György (2005). Books of the Mongolian Nomads: More Than Eight Centuries of Writing Mongolian. Indiana University, Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies. ISBN 978-0-933070-52-3.
15. ^ Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.
16. ^ Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.

• Mongolic letters
• Mongolic languages
• Tungusic languages