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'{{short description|American white supremacist}} {{distinguish|text=the Jihad Watch blogger [[Robert Spencer (author)]]}} {{pp-pc1|small=yes}} {{Other people5|Richard Spencer (disambiguation)}}{{Use American English|date=November 2017}} {{Use mdy dates|date=August 2018}} {{Infobox person |image = File:Richard b spencer cropped retouched.jpg |alt = A photograph of Robert Spencer holding a microphone and pointing |caption = At the Ronald Reagan Building, Washington, D.C., on November 19, 2016 |birth_name = Richard Bertrand Spencer |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1978|05|11}} |birth_place = [[Boston, Massachusetts]], U.S. |movement = {{ubl |[[Alt-right]] |[[Identitarian movement]] |[[Neo-Nazism]] |[[White nationalism]] |[[White supremacy]] }} |nationality = American |death_date = |death_place = |home_town = [[Preston Hollow, Dallas|Preston Hollow]], [[Dallas|Dallas, Texas]], U.S. |education = {{ubl |[[University of Virginia]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) |[[University of Chicago]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]]) |[[Duke University]] ([[PhD candidate]]; withdrew) }} |occupation = Author, publisher |known_for = {{ubl |President and director of the [[National Policy Institute]] |Executive director of [[Washington Summit Publishers]] }} |spouse = {{marriage|Nina Kouprianova|2010|2018|end=div.}} |party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]] }} '''Richard Bertrand Spencer''' (born May 11, 1978)<!-- This includes the middle name AND year of birth--><ref>{{cite web|title=Richard Bertrand Spencer|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual/richard-bertrand-spencer-0|publisher=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]]|access-date=December 29, 2017|language=en}}</ref> is an American neo-Nazi and [[white supremacist]]<!-- DO NOT change this wording without first getting consensus on the talk page. Consensus is that Spencer should be described as a white supremacist according to reliable sources.-->.<ref> *{{cite news|last1=Peoples|first1=Steve|title=Energized white supremacists cheer Trump convention message|url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/70541105d2f149cc9b7b6951d8a13e7a/energized-white-supremacists-cheer-trump-convention-message|work=Associated Press|date=July 24, 2016|location=Cleveland, OH}} *{{cite news|last1=Wines|first1=Michael|last2=Saul|first2=Stephanie|title=White Supremacists Extend Their Reach Through Websites|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/06/us/white-supremacists-extend-their-reach-through-websites.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=July 5, 2015}} *{{cite news|last1=Gelin|first1=Martin|title=White Flight: America's white supremacists are ignored at home. So they are looking to start over with a little help from Europe's far right|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/foreigners/2014/11/jared_taylor_richard_spencer_and_american_white_supremacists_in_europe_why.html|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|date=November 13, 2014|location=Budapest, Hungary}} *{{cite news|first1=Chris|last1=Welch|first2=Sara|last2=Ganim|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/12/06/politics/richard-spencer-interview-texas-am-speech/|title=White Supremacist Richard Spencer: 'We reached tens of millions of people' with video|publisher=CNN|date=December 6, 2016}} *{{cite news|last=Mangan|first=Katherine|title=A push to 'expand white privilege': Richard B. Spencer president, National Policy Institute, a white-supremacist group|newspaper=[[The Chronicle of Higher Education]]|date=December 9, 2016|page=A6+}} *{{cite web|last=Zalman|first=Jonathan|title=Neo-Nazi Website Tells Readers to 'Take Action' Against Jews on Behalf of Richard Spencer's Mother in Montana.|work=[[Tablet (magazine)|Tablet]]|url=https://www.tabletmag.com/scroll/220458/neo-nazi-website-tells-readers-to-take-action-against-jews-including-children-on-behalf-of-richard-spencers-mother-in-montana|date=December 19, 2016}} *{{cite news|title=Campus clashes as US white supremacist gives speech.|newspaper=[[London Evening Standard]]|date=December 7, 2016|page=22}} *{{cite journal|first=Gretel|last=Kauffman|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2016/1123/Donald-Trump-again-disavows-so-called-alt-right-supporters|title=Donald Trump again disavows so-called alt-right supporters|journal=[[Christian Science Monitor]]|date=November 23, 2016}} *{{cite journal|first=Gretel|last=Kauffman|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2016/1120/White-supremacists-convene-in-celebration-of-Trump-victory|title=White supremacists convene in celebration of Trump victory|journal=[[Christian Science Monitor]]|date=November 20, 2016}}</ref> He is president of the [[National Policy Institute]] (NPI), a white supremacist [[think tank]], as well as [[Washington Summit Publishers]]. Spencer rejects the label of white supremacist and considers himself a [[white nationalist]], white [[identitarian]], and the equivalent of a "Zionist" for white people.<ref name="timesofisrael.com 17Aug2017">{{cite web | author1= T. Staff | url = https://www.timesofisrael.com/white-nationalist-richard-spencer-tells-israelis-that-jews-are-over-represented | title = White nationalist Richard Spencer tells Israelis that Jews are 'over-represented' | date = Aug 17, 2017 | language = en | website = timesofisrael.com | quotation = Alt-right leader describes himself as a 'white Zionist', saying he wants a secure homeland for 'my people' like the Jews have in Israel | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180819072148/https://www.timesofisrael.com/white-nationalist-richard-spencer-tells-israelis-that-jews-are-over-represented | archive-date = August 19, 2018 | deadurl = no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/alt-right-richard-spencer-punched-anti-donald-trump-protest-meme-pepe-the-frog-inauguration-day-a7541461.html|title=Alt-right leader Richard Spencer worries getting punched will become 'meme to end all memes'|work=[[The Independent]]|date=January 23, 2017|accessdate=February 25, 2017|author=Maya Oppenheim}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Ehrenfreund|first1=Max|title=What the alt-right really wants, according to a professor writing a book about them|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/11/21/what-the-alt-right-really-wants-according-to-a-professor-writing-a-book-about-them|accessdate=November 24, 2016|work=Washington Post|date=November 21, 2016}}</ref><ref name=RollingStone-Alt-RightSpokesman-2016>{{cite news|last1=Posner|first1=Sarah|title=Meet the Alt-Right 'Spokesman' Who's Thrilled With Trump's Rise|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/features/meet-the-alt-right-spokesman-thrilled-by-trumps-rise-w443902|work=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=October 18, 2016}}</ref> Spencer created the term "[[alt-right]]", which he considers a movement about "white identity".<ref name="SPLC-AltRight-Profile2">{{cite news|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/ideology/alternative-right|title=Alternative Right|work=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]]|accessdate=November 22, 2016}}</ref><ref name="NewYorker-Alt-RightForReal-20162">{{cite news|url=http://www.newyorker.com/news/benjamin-wallace-wells/is-the-alt-right-for-real|title=Is the Alt-Right for Real?|last1=Wallace-Wells|first1=Benjamin|date=May 5, 2016|work=[[The New Yorker]]}}</ref><ref name="NYTimes-AltRight-HeilVictory-20162">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/21/us/alt-right-salutes-donald-trump.html|title=Alt-Right Exults in Donald Trump's Election With a Salute: 'Heil Victory'|last1=Goldstein|first1=Joseph|date=November 20, 2016|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Spencer advocates white-European unity, a "peaceful ethnic cleansing" of nonwhites from America, and the creation of "white racial empire," which he believes would resemble the Roman Empire.<ref name="SPLC-RichardSpencer-Profile"/><ref name="DailyBeast-SkiResort-2014">{{cite news|last1=Kirchick|first1=James|title=A Racist's Crazy Ski Resort Smackdown|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/10/18/a-racist-s-crazy-ski-resort-imbroglio.html|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|date=October 18, 2014}}</ref><ref name="telegraph-white-nationalist">{{cite news|date=November 22, 2016|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/0/richard-spencer-white-nationalist-leading-alt-right-movement/|work=The Telegraph|title=Nazi salutes and white supremacism: Who is Richard Spencer, the 'racist academic' behind the 'Alt right' movement|author=Chris Graham}}</ref> Spencer has publicly engaged in Nazi rhetoric on many occasions, for which he has been criticized by both the political mainstream, and also by fellow white nationalists, who argue Spencer's flamboyant rhetoric marginalizes their movement.<ref>https://www.npr.org/2017/01/13/509533142/white-nationalists-enthusiasm-for-trump-cools</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/media/Why-Did-Charles-Barkley-Talk-To-Neo-Nazi-Richard-864316.php|title=Why Did Charles Barkley Talk To Neo-Nazi Richard Spencer? - SFGate|website=www.sfgate.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first1=Srividya|last1=Ramasubramanian|first2=Caitlin|last2=Miles|title=White Nationalist Rhetoric, Neoliberal Multiculturalism and Colour Blind Racism: Decolonial Critique of Richard Spencer's Campus Visit|journal=Javnost - the Public|volume=25|issue=4|date=May 23, 2018|issn=1318-3222|pages=426–440|doi=10.1080/13183222.2018.1463352}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.michigandaily.com/section/administration/university-will-not-deny-spencer-request-speak-campus|title=University moves to schedule Spencer request to speak on campus|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|accessdate=June 11, 2018|title=Texas A&M plans unity event for same time as white nationalist speech|url=http://www.star-telegram.com/news/state/texas/article117788403.html|newspaper=star-telegram}}</ref> In early 2016, Spencer was filmed giving the Nazi salute in a [[karaoke]] bar.<ref name="auto3">{{cite news|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/josephbernstein/heres-how-breitbart-and-milo-smuggled-white-nationalism|title=Alt-White: How the Breitbart Machine Laundered Racist Hate|publisher=[[Buzzfeed]]|date=October 5, 2017|first=Joseph|last=Bernstein}}</ref> In the weeks following the [[2016 U.S. presidential election]], at a National Policy Institute conference, Spencer quoted from [[Nazi propaganda]] and denounced [[Jews]].<ref name="NYTimes-AltRight-HeilVictory-20162" /> In response to his cry "Hail Trump, hail our people, hail victory!", a number of his supporters gave the [[Nazi salute]] and chanted in a similar fashion to the ''[[Nazi salute#Sieg Heil|Sieg Heil]]'' chant used at the Nazis' [[Nuremberg Rally|Nuremberg rallies]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/11/21/politics/alt-right-gathering-donald-trump/index.html|title=Alt-right leader: 'Hail Trump! Hail our people! Hail victory!'|last=Bradner|first=Eric|date=November 22, 2016|work=CNN|access-date=October 20, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/21/us/alt-right-salutes-donald-trump.html|title=Alt-Right Gathering Exults in Trump Election With Nazi-Era Salute|last=Goldstein|first=Joseph|date=November 20, 2016|work=The New York Times|access-date=October 20, 2017|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Following Trump's election to the presidency, Spencer urged his followers to "party like it's 1933," a reference to the year in which Hitler came to power in Germany.<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/lets-party-like-its-1933-inside-the-disturbing-alt-right-world-of-richard-spencer/2016/11/22/cf81dc74-aff7-11e6-840f-e3ebab6bcdd3_story.html</ref> Spencer's critics argue that his speech and conduct leads to violence, a charge that Spencer rejects. Spencer was a featured speaker at the August 2017 [[Unite the Right rally]] in [[Charlottesville, Virginia]], during which an alt-right supporter drove his car into a group of counter-protesters, killing one and injuring at least 19 others.<ref name="JohnstonSuspectIDd">Chuck Johnston, [http://www.cnn.com/2017/08/12/us/charlottesville-car-crash-suspect-idd/index.html "Charlottesville car crash suspect ID'd as 20-year-old Ohio man"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813011757/http://www.cnn.com/2017/08/12/us/charlottesville-car-crash-suspect-idd/index.html|date=August 13, 2017}}, CNN (August 12, 2017).</ref><ref name="ManCharged">{{cite news |first1=Jason |last1=Wilson |first2=Edward |last2=Helmore |first3=Jon |last3=Swaine |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/aug/12/virginia-unite-the-right-rally-protest-violence |title=Charlottesville: man charged with murder after car rams counter-protesters at far-right event |work=The Guardian |date=August 12, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813050625/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/aug/12/virginia-unite-the-right-rally-protest-violence |archivedate=August 13, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailyprogress.com/news/local/fields-faces-additional-felony-charges-related-to-aug-fatal-crash/article_7608f516-845d-11e7-986e-b73741c8b869.html|title=Fields faces 5 additional felony charges related to Aug. 12 fatal crash|newspaper=The Daily Progress|date=August 18, 2017}}</ref> Spencer denies any role or culpability in the attack, but has been sued for allegedly acting as a "gang boss" at Charlottesville and inciting the killing.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/may/24/richard-spencer-charlottesville-conspiracy-trial|title=Richard Spencer acted like gang boss, Charlottesville conspiracy trial hears|first=David|last=Smith|date=May 24, 2018|website=the Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/03/16/594199522/lawyers-sue-white-supremacists-over-charlottesville-violence|title=Lawyers Sue White Supremacists Over Charlottesville Violence|publisher=}}</ref> After three other supporters of Spencer were charged with attempted homicide following Spencer's October 2017 speech at the [[University of Florida]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsweek.com/richard-spencer-event-linked-man-charged-attempted-murder-according-planning-693941|title=A planning document for an alt-right event in Florida shows links to an attempted murder suspect|date=October 27, 2017|publisher=}}</ref> Ohio State and several other universities cancelled Spencer's appearances, describing his presence as a menace to public safety.<ref name="auto4">[http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/ohio-state-sued-refusal-white-nationalist-speak-50645877 "Ohio State sued over refusal to let white nationalist Richard Spencer speak"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023075758/http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/ohio-state-sued-refusal-white-nationalist-speak-50645877 |date=October 23, 2017}}, ''[[ABC News]]''</ref> Spencer has been accused under oath of repeatedly beating, threatening, and verbally abusing his ex-wife Nina Kouprianova, who has provided the press hours of recordings to substantiate her allegations.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/richard-spencer-wife-domestic-violence-nina-kouprianova-alt-right-russia-a8729226.html | title=Richard Spencer's wife details years of alleged domestic violence against her| date=2019-01-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.gq.com/story/richard-spencer-domestic-violence | title=Alt-Right Leader Richard Spencer Proves He's as Heinous as You Think| date=2019-01-14}}</ref> Spencer denies the allegations, and states that the ostensible threats he made to her (as recorded on the tapes) were expressions of frustration with his wife and not intended to be interpreted literally.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/richard-spencer-nina-kouprianova-divorce-abuse_us_5c2fc90ee4b0d75a9830ab69 | title=You Should Care That Richard Spencer's Wife Says He Abused Her| newspaper=Huffington Post| date=2019-01-13| last1=Lenz| first1=Lyz}}</ref> The majority of European nations, including the entire [[Schengen Area]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/07/12/u-k-s-next-leader-banned-a-prominent-white-nationalist-from-visiting/|title=U.K.'s next leader banned a prominent white nationalist from visiting|first=David|last=Weigel|date=July 12, 2016|publisher=|access-date=November 23, 2017|via=www.WashingtonPost.com}}</ref> and nations with nationalist governments,<ref name="The Bumbling Bigots of Budapest">{{cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2014/10/13/the-bumbling-bigots-of-budapest/|title=The Bumbling Bigots of Budapest|publisher=}}</ref> have banned Spencer and condemned his [[White race|"racial European"]] message and call for a "white racial empire".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-29503378|title=Far right holds secret congress in Hungary|first=Nick|last=Thorpe|date=October 7, 2014|publisher=|via=www.bbc.com|work=BBC News}}</ref> While promoting his message in a controversial speaking tour in [[Hungary]], Spencer was mocked by the Hungarian newspaper ''[[Népszabadság]]'' for his call for "a white empire", through a revival of the Roman Empire, and for his claim to be a "racial European", ideas that the newspaper called contrived and without any basis in [[European history]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nol.hu/belfold/ez-politikai-uldoztetes-1490215|title=Itt vannak a fajvédők, de a Jobbikot nem szeretik|first=Szőcs|last=László|date=October 3, 2014|publisher=}}</ref> In the aftermath of the controversy, Hungarian Prime Minister [[Viktor Orbán]] pressed through legislative measures which banned and condemned Spencer.<ref name="The Bumbling Bigots of Budapest"/> The government of Poland has also banned and condemned Spencer,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/richard-spencer-ban-european-countries-alt-right-white-supremacist-neo-nazi-eu-a8071971.html|title=Neo-Nazi Richard Spencer 'banned from 26 European countries'|publisher=|date=2017-11-23}}</ref> citing Spencer's Nazi rhetoric and the Nazis' [[Nazi crimes against the Polish nation|genocide of Slavic "Untermenschen"]] during [[World War II]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/27/poland-to-richard-spencer-keep-out|title=Poland to Richard Spencer: keep out|first=Associated Press in|last=Warsaw|date=October 27, 2017|website=the Guardian}}</ref> In July 2018, Spencer was detained at [[Keflavik Airport]] in [[Reykjavík]], [[Iceland]] en route to [[Sweden]] and was ordered by Polish officials to return to the United States; the successful effort of the [[Poles]] to ban Spencer from other parts of Europe arises from the [[Schengen agreement]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://thinkprogress.org/richard-spencer-is-effectively-barred-from-europe-30b18131d272|work=[[ThinkProgress]]|title=Richard Spencer learns about strong borders, barred from European travel|first=Casey|last=Michel|date=July 5, 2018|accessdate=July 8, 2018}}</ref> ==Early life== Spencer was born in [[Boston]], Massachusetts,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Burghart|first1=Devin|title=Who is Richard Spencer?|url=http://www.irehr.org/2014/06/27/who-is-richard-spencer/|website=IREHR|accessdate=December 7, 2016|date=June 27, 2014}}</ref> the son of [[Ophthalmology|ophthalmologist]] Rand Spencer and Sherry Spencer (née Dickenhorst),<ref name=MotherJones-Profile-2016>{{cite news|last1=Harkinson|first1=Josh|title=Meet The Dapper White Nationalist Who Wins Even If Trump Loses|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2016/10/richard-spencer-trump-alt-right-white-nationalist|work=[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]|date=October 27, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=White Nationalist Richard Spencer Gets His Money From Louisiana Cotton Fields—and the US Government|last1=Williams|first1=Lance|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2017/03/richard-spencer-cotton-farms-louisiana-subsidies|work=[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]|date=March 17, 2017}}</ref> an heiress to cotton farms in Louisiana.<ref name="theatlanticwood">{{cite news|last1=Wood|first1=Graeme|title=His Kampf|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/06/his-kampf/524505/|accessdate=May 16, 2017|work=The Atlantic|date=June 2017|quote=In 2011, he moved from Washington to Whitefish, Montana, where his mother owns a vacation home and a commercial building. (She is the heiress to cotton farms in Louisiana, and his father is a respected Dallas ophthalmologist.)}}</ref> He grew up in [[Preston Hollow, Dallas|Preston Hollow]], [[Dallas|Dallas, Texas]].<ref name="dallasmorningforwhitenationaliststrumpwin">{{cite news|last1=Downs|first1=Caleb|title=For white nationalists, Trump win a dream come true, says alt-right leader from Dallas|url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/politics/2016/11/16/trumps-rise-first-stage-white-nationalist-movement-says-alt-right-leader-dallas|accessdate=August 23, 2017|work=The Dallas Morning News|date=November 16, 2016|quote=He was born in Massachusetts, but moved to the Preston Hollow neighborhood of Dallas when he was about 2 years old.}}</ref> In 1997, he graduated from [[St. Mark's School of Texas]].<ref name="theatlanticwood"/> In 2001, Spencer received a [[Bachelor of Arts]] in English Literature and Music from the [[University of Virginia]] and, in 2003, a [[Master of Arts]] in the Humanities from the [[University of Chicago]].<ref name="theatlanticwood"/> He spent the summer of 2005 and 2006 at the [[Institute Vienna Circle|Vienna International Summer University]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Stadler|first1=Friedrich|title=Statement on behalf of the Institute Vienna Circle|url=https://www.univie.ac.at/ivc/Klarstellung_Spencer.pdf|website=Institute Vienna Circle|accessdate=December 2, 2016}}</ref> From 2005 to 2007, he was a [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] student at [[Duke University]] studying modern European intellectual history, where he was a member of the Duke Conservative Union.<ref name="theatlanticwood"/><ref name=MotherJones-Profile-2016/> His website says he left Duke "to pursue a life of [[thought crime|thought-crime]]".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2017/07/alt-right-william-regnery-richard-spencer/|title="The alt-right side of history will prevail", says the fringe Republican bankrolling Richard Spencer|work=Mother Jones|access-date=October 17, 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> ==Activities== From March to December 2007, Spencer was assistant editor at ''[[The American Conservative]]'' magazine. According to founding editor [[Scott McConnell]], Spencer was fired from ''The American Conservative'' because his views were considered too extreme.<ref name=MotherJones-Profile-2016/> From January 2008 to December 2009, he was executive editor of ''[[Taki's Magazine]]''.<ref name=SPLC-RichardSpencer-Profile>{{cite news|title=Alternative Right|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual/richard-bertrand-spencer-0|accessdate=November 22, 2016|work=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]]}}</ref> In March 2010, Spencer founded AlternativeRight.com, a website he edited until 2012. He has stated that he created the term [[alt-right]].<ref name="NYTimes-AltRight-HeilVictory-20162" /> In January 2011, Spencer became executive director of [[Washington Summit Publishers]].<ref name="DailyBeast-SkiResort-2014"/> In 2012, Spencer founded ''Radix Journal'' as a biannual publication of Washington Summit Publishers.<ref name="SPLC-RichardSpencer-Profile" /> Contributions have included articles by [[Kevin B. MacDonald]], [[Alex Kurtagić]], and [[Samuel T. Francis]].<ref>[http://www.radixjournal.com/books/the-great-erasure The Great Erasure] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202160322/http://www.radixjournal.com/books/the-great-erasure |date=February 2, 2017}} (Radix Journal)</ref> He also hosts a weekly podcast, Vanguard Radio. In January 2011, Spencer also became president and director of the [[National Policy Institute]] (NPI), a think tank previously based in Virginia and Montana.<ref name=OnePeoplesProject-WhitefishBuilding-2014>{{cite news|last1=OPP HQ|title=A New Building Goes Up in Montana – Courtesy of White Supremacist Dick Spencer|url=http://onepeoplesproject.com/index.php/en/archive/88-the-so-called-qalt-rightq/1500-a-new-building-goes-up-in-montana-courtesy-of-white-supremacist-dick-spencer|work=[[One People's Project]]|date=November 23, 2014|location=Whitefish, MT|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122153751/http://onepeoplesproject.com/index.php/en/archive/88-the-so-called-qalt-rightq/1500-a-new-building-goes-up-in-montana-courtesy-of-white-supremacist-dick-spencer|archivedate=November 22, 2016}}</ref> George Hawley, an assistant professor of political science at the [[University of Alabama]], has described NPI as "rather obscure and marginalized" until Spencer became its president.<ref name="makingsense5859">{{cite book|last1=Hawley|first1=George|title=Making Sense of the Alt-Right|date=2017|publisher=Columbia University Press|location=New York|isbn=9780231185127|page=59|oclc=987742156|quote=Despite the innocuous name, NPI has since its inception been a white-nationalist organization. The organization was rather obscure and marginalized until Spencer was chosen as its new president in 2011, at which point Alternative Right became an NPI initiative.}}</ref> In 2014, Spencer was deported from [[Budapest]], Hungary, (and, because of the [[Schengen Agreement]], banned from 26 countries in Europe for three years) after trying to organize the National Policy Institute Conference, a conference for white nationalists.<ref name=Slate-WhiteFlight-BudapestConference-2014>{{cite news|last1=Gelin|first1=Martin|title=White Flight: America's white supremacists are ignored at home. So they are looking to start over with a little help from Europe's far right|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/foreigners/2014/11/jared_taylor_richard_spencer_and_american_white_supremacists_in_europe_why.html|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|date=November 13, 2014|location=Budapest, Hungary}}</ref><ref name=HungarianGovt-BansRacistConference-2014>{{cite news|last1=Pintér|first1=Sándor|title=Minister of Interior bans racist conference|url=http://www.kormany.hu/en/ministry-of-interior/news/minister-of-interior-bans-racist-conference|publisher=Website of the Hungarian Government|date=September 29, 2014}}</ref> On January 15, 2017, Spencer launched ''AltRight.com'', another commentary website for alt-right members.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.adl.org/anti-semitism/alt-right-moving-from-online-to-real-world-activity|title=Alt Right Moving From Online to Real-World Activity|website=blog.adl.org|access-date=February 22, 2017}}</ref> According to Spencer, the site is a [[Populism|populist]] and [[big tent]] site for members of the alt-right.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/25/alt-right-movement-doxxing-richard-spencer-interview|title=The weakening of the 'alt-right': how infighting and doxxing are taking a toll|last=Wilson|first=Jason|date=January 25, 2017|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=February 22, 2017|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Swedish publisher [[Daniel Friberg]] of [[Arktos Media]] is co-founder and European editor of the site.<ref name="Porter-IBT">{{cite news|last1=Porter|first1=Tom|title=Meet Daniel Friberg, the Swedish mining tycoon bankrolling the alt-right's global media empire|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/meet-swedish-mining-tycoon-bankrolling-alt-rights-global-media-empire-1608221|work=[[International Business Times UK]]|date=March 3, 2017|language=en}}</ref> The [[Southern Poverty Law Center]] describes the common thread among contributors as [[anti-Semitism]], rather than white nationalism or white supremacism in general.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://forward.com/fast-forward/360401/richard-spencer-and-white-supremacists-aim-for-bigger-platform-with-altrigh/|title=Richard Spencer and White Supremacists Aim for Bigger Platform With 'AltRight.com'|newspaper=The Forward|access-date=February 21, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2017/01/17/richard-spencer-launches-alt-right-website-martin-luther-king-jrs-birthday|title=Richard Spencer Launches 'Alt-Right' Website on Martin Luther King, Jr.'s, Birthday|newspaper=Southern Poverty Law Center|access-date=February 21, 2017|language=en}}</ref> &nbsp;Notable contributors on AltRight.com include Henrik Palmgren and [[Jared Taylor]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/arrests-made-as-protesters-clash-at-pro-trump-rally-in-berkeley/ar-BBzSqR9|title=Arrests made as protesters clash at pro-Trump rally in Berkeley|website=www.msn.com|access-date=May 24, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519094622/http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/arrests-made-as-protesters-clash-at-pro-trump-rally-in-berkeley/ar-BBzSqR9|archive-date=May 19, 2017|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/a/2a8xl/sa-vill-de-bygga-en-ny-vit-elit/promo|title=Så vill Richard, 38, bygga en ny vit elit|work=Aftonbladet|access-date=May 24, 2017}}</ref> [[File:white supremacists clash with police (36421659232).jpg|thumb|White nationalist protesters clash with police during the [[Unite the Right rally]] in Charlottesville, Virginia]] On February 23, 2017, Spencer was removed from the [[Conservative Political Action Conference]] where he was giving statements to the press. A CPAC spokesman said he was removed from the event because other members found him "repugnant".<ref name="Bobic">{{cite news|last1=Bobic|first1=Igor|title=White Nationalist Richard Spencer Booted Out Of CPAC|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/richard-spencer-cpac_us_58af15c4e4b0780bac27263b?c9s4ya6r9ssq3erk9&|accessdate=February 24, 2017|publisher=Huffington Post|date=February 23, 2017}}</ref> On May 13, 2017, Spencer led a torch-lit protest in [[Charlottesville, Virginia]], against the vote of the city council to remove [[Robert Edward Lee (sculpture)|a statue of Robert E. Lee]], the commander of the [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] [[Army of Northern Virginia]] during the [[American Civil War]].<ref name="auto">{{cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/charlottesville-protest-richard-spender-kkk-robert-e-lee-statue/|title=Mayor: Torch-lit protest in Charlottesville, Va. "harkens back to the days of the KKK"|accessdate=May 15, 2017|language=en}}</ref> Spencer led the crowd in chants of "You will not replace us" and "[[Blood and soil]]".<ref name="Mayor">{{cite news|last=Hayden|first=Michael Edison|date=May 14, 2017|title=Mayor of Charlottesville calls pro-Confederate rallies 'horrific'|url=http://abcnews.go.com/US/mayor-charlottesville-calls-pro-confederate-rallies-horrific/story?id=47404820|work=ABC News|location=Charlottesville, Virginia|accessdate=May 15, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/alt-rights-richard-spencer-leads-torch-bearing-protesters-defending-lee-statue/2017/05/14/766aaa56-38ac-11e7-9e48-c4f199710b69_story.html|title=White nationalist Richard Spencer leads torch-bearing protesters defending Lee statue|website=Washington Post|accessdate=May 15, 2017}}</ref> [[Michael Signer]], the mayor of Charlottesville, called the protest "horrific", and stated that it was either "profoundly ignorant" or intended to instill fear among minorities "in a way that hearkens back to the days of the KKK".<ref name="Mayor" /><ref name="auto"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/05/14/528363829/richard-spencer-leads-group-protesting-sale-of-confederate-statue|title=Richard Spencer Leads Group Protesting Sale Of Confederate Statue|work=NPR.org|accessdate=May 15, 2017|language=en}}</ref> In August 2017, Spencer was listed on posters promoting the Charlottesville, Virginia, [[Unite the Right rally]], which devolved into a notorious and violent confrontation.<ref name=nbcadl>[http://www.nbc29.com/story/35966208/adl-lists-kessler-other-unite-the-right-speakers-as-white-supremacists nbc29.com: "ADL Lists Kessler, Other 'Unite The Right' Speakers as White Supremacists"], July 25, 2017</ref> In November 2017, [[Twitter]] removed from Spencer's account the blue check mark that, reported ''[[The Washington Post]]'', "the company gives to prominent accounts to help readers ensure they are authentic". Spencer told ''The Post'' he was worried this would lead to Twitter banning people like him.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Rosenberg|first1=Eli|title=Twitter was slammed for verifying a white nationalist. It just took away his blue check mark.|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2017/11/15/twitter-unverifies-prominent-white-nationalists-saying-check-marks-were-not-meant-as-endorsements/|website=The Washington Post|publisher=The Washington Post|accessdate=November 18, 2017}}</ref> He later joined the social network [[Gab (social network)|Gab]].<ref name=":2" /> ===Public speaking=== Spencer was invited to speak at [[Vanderbilt University]] in 2010 and [[Providence College]] in 2011 by [[Youth for Western Civilization]].<ref name="adlasymbolofthenewwhitesupremacy">{{cite web|title=Richard Spencer: A Symbol Of The New White Supremacy|url=https://www.adl.org/blog/richard-spencer-a-symbol-of-the-new-white-supremacy?_ga=2.52800234.356434171.1503091964-1785774701.1503091964|website=Anti-Defamation League|accessdate=August 20, 2017|date=May 14, 2013|quote=In 2010 and 2011, leaders of the now defunct racist student group, Youth for Western Civilization, invited Spencer to speak at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and Providence College in Rhode Island.}}</ref><ref name="huffingtonpostliebelsonmanwhoheld">{{cite news|last1=Liebelson|first1=Dana|title=Man Who Held 'Better To Grab A P***y Than To Be One' Sign At Pro-Trump Rally Has Ties To White Nationalists|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/donald-trump-white-nationalists_us_580129dde4b06e047594bc5f|accessdate=August 20, 2017|work=The Huffington Post|date=October 15, 2016|quote=In 2010, Saucier's group invited Richard Spencer, a white nationalist who has since become a prominent member of the pro-Trump "alt-Right", to speak.}}</ref> [[File:NPI Press Conference.webm|thumb|Short clip of Spencer speaking in November 2016]] During a speech Spencer gave in mid-November 2016 at an alt-right conference attended by approximately 200 people in Washington, D.C., Spencer quoted [[Propaganda in Nazi Germany|Nazi propaganda]] in the original German and denounced [[Jews]].<ref name="NYTimes-AltRight-HeilVictory-20162" /> Audience members cheered and made the [[Nazi salute]] when he said, "Hail Trump, hail our people, hail victory!"<ref name="NYTimes-AltRight-HeilVictory-20162" /><ref name=Atlantic-HailTrump-ConferenceVideo-2016>{{cite news |last1=Lombroso |first1=Daniel |last2=Appelbaum|first2=Yoni|title='Hail Trump!': White Nationalists Salute the President-Elect |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/11/richard-spencer-speech-npi/508379/|work=[[The Atlantic]]|date=November 21, 2016|format=Includes excerpted video|accessdate=January 23, 2017}}</ref> and extended his right arm with a glass to toast that victory.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/libertarians-clash-with-richard-spencer-in-dc/article/2615263|title=Libertarians clash with Richard Spencer in DC|date=February 18, 2017|publisher=Washington Examiner|author=Chaitin, Daniel}}</ref> Spencer later defended their conduct, stating that the Nazi salute was given in a spirit of "irony and exuberance".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/white-nationalist|title=Nazi salutes 'done in a spirit of irony and exuberance', alt-right leader says|last=Barajas|first=Joshua|newspaper=PBS NewsHour|accessdate=November 25, 2016}}</ref> It was later revealed that Spencer had made the Nazi salute at a karaoke bar in April 2016.<ref name="auto3"/> Groups and events Spencer has spoken to include the [[Property and Freedom Society]],<ref>Southern Poverty Law Center, [https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2016/06/09/paypal-co-founder-peter-thiel-address-white-nationalist-friendly-%E2%80%9Cproperty-and-freedom "PayPal Co-Founder Peter Thiel to Address White Nationalist-Friendly "Property and Freedom Society" Conference in September]", June 9, 2016.</ref> the [[American Renaissance (magazine)|American Renaissance]] conference,<ref name=AmericanRenaissanceConf-Speech-2013>{{cite news|last1=Spencer|first1=Richard|title=American Renaissance Conference: Facing the Future as a Minority|url=http://www.npiamerica.org/the-national-policy-institute/blog/facing-the-future-as-a-minority|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140105043334/http://www.npiamerica.org/the-national-policy-institute/blog/facing-the-future-as-a-minority|dead-url=yes|archive-date=January 5, 2014|work=[[National Policy Institute|The National Policy Institute]]|date=April 5, 2013}}</ref> and the [[H. L. Mencken|HL Mencken]] Club.<ref name=MenckenClub-Opener-2013>{{cite news|last1=Spencer|first1=Richard|title=Richard Spencer kicks off the Fourth Annual HLMC Meeting|url=http://hlmenckenclub.org/2011-conference-audio/2013/5/6/richard-spencer-kicks-off-the-fourth-annual-hlmc-meeting|work=The Mencken Club|date=May 6, 2013}}</ref> In November 2016, an online petition to prevent Spencer from speaking at [[Texas A&M University]] on December 6, 2016, was signed by thousands of students, employees, and alumni.<ref name="chroniclerichardspencertour">{{cite news|last1=Mangan|first1=Katherine|title=Richard Spencer, White Supremacist, Describes Goals of His 'Danger Tour' to College Campuses|url=http://www.chronicle.com/article/White-Supremacist-Describes/238515|accessdate=November 29, 2016|work=The Chronicle of Higher Education|date=November 28, 2016}}</ref> A protest and a university-organized counter-event were held to coincide with Spencer's event.<ref name="insideprotestsgreetwhitesupre">{{cite news|last1=Jaschik|first1=Scott|title=Protests Greet White Supremacist at Texas A&M|url=https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2016/12/07/protests-greet-white-supremacist-texas-am|accessdate=December 8, 2016|work=Inside Higher Ed|date=December 7, 2016}}</ref> On January 20, 2017, Spencer attended the [[inauguration of Donald Trump]]. As he was giving an impromptu interview on a nearby street afterwards, a masked man punched Spencer in the face, then fled.<ref>{{cite news|title=Watch White Nationalist Richard Spencer Get Punched|url=http://time.com/4642117/richard-spencer-punched-white-nationalist-nazi-trump-inauguration|accessdate=January 21, 2017|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=January 20, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/20/politics/white-nationalist-richard-spencer-punched/index.html|title=White nationalist Richard Spencer punched during interview|last=Murphy|first=Paul P.|publisher=CNN|access-date=January 21, 2017}}</ref> A video of the incident was posted online, leading to divergent views on whether the attack was appropriate.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/21/us/politics/richard-spencer-punched-attack.html?_r=0|title=Attack on Alt-Right Leader Has Internet Asking: Is It O.K. to Punch a Nazi?|last=Stack|first=Liam|work=New York Times|accessdate=January 22, 2017}}</ref> Shortly after the violent [[Unite the Right rally]] in [[Charlottesville, Virginia]], in August 2017, the [[University of Florida]] denied Spencer's request for a September 2017 speaking opportunity, citing public safety grounds after opposition from students and locals of [[Gainesville, Florida]].<ref name="gainesvillesun">{{cite web|last1=Strange|first1=Deborah|title=UF denies white nationalist Richard Spencer a campus platform|url=http://www.gainesville.com/news/20170816/uf-denies-white-nationalist-richard-spencer-campus-platform|website=[[The Gainesville Sun]]|accessdate=August 18, 2017|date=August 16, 2017}}</ref> Due to safety reasons, he was also denied speaking requests at [[Louisiana State University]] and [[Michigan State University]] in August 2017.<ref name="insidehigheredmichiganstatelsureject">{{cite news|last1=Jaschik|first1=Scott|title=Michigan State, LSU Reject Supremacist Speaker|url=https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2017/08/18/michigan-state-lsu-reject-supremacist-speaker?|accessdate=August 18, 2017|work=Inside Higher Ed|date=August 18, 2017}}</ref><ref name="theadvocatewhitenationalistnotwelcome">{{cite news|last1=Ballard|first1=Mark|title=White nationalist Richard Spencer is 'not welcome' on LSU campus, university president says|url=http://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/politics/article_5351036e-8391-11e7-ac47-1baae973bbe1.html|accessdate=August 18, 2017|work=The Advocate|date=August 17, 2017}}</ref> In September 2017, Cameron Padgett, who tried to book Spencer, sued MSU; he was represented by Kyle Bristow, an MSU alumnus.<ref name="insidehigheredrichardspencersgroupsues">{{cite news|last1=Roll|first1=Nick|title=Richard Spencer's Group Sues Michigan State U|url=https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2017/09/05/richard-spencer%E2%80%99s-group-sues-michigan-state-u?|accessdate=September 6, 2017|work=Inside Higher Ed|date=September 5, 2017}}</ref><ref name="detroitfreepressmsusuedbyricharspencer">{{cite news|last1=Jesse|first1=David|title=MSU sued by Richard Spencer's white supremacist group for refusing space on campus|url=http://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/2017/09/03/msu-sued-richard-spencers-white-supremacist-group-refusing-space-campus/630355001/|accessdate=September 6, 2017|work=Detroit Free Press|date=September 3, 2017}}</ref> On August 16, during a television interview with Israeli [[Channel 2 (Israel)|Channel 2]] anchor [[Danny Kushmaro]], Spencer claimed that "Jews are vastly over-represented in... 'the establishment', that is, [[Ivy League]] educated people who really determine policy".<ref name="timesofisrael.com 17Aug2017" /> Inspired by Israel's example as an [[Basic Law: Israel as the Nation-State of the Jewish People|exclusionary ethnic state]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Thrall |first1=Nathan |title=BDS: how a controversial non-violent movement has transformed the Israeli-Palestinian debate |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/aug/14/bds-boycott-divestment-sanctions-movement-transformed-israeli-palestinian-debate |work=The Guardian |date=14 August 2018}}</ref> he described his political position as "a white [[Zionist]]", as he wants white people "to have a secure homeland for us and ourselves".<ref name="timesofisrael.com 17Aug2017"/> ===Speech at University of Florida=== After the University of Florida's August 2017 denial of Spencer's request to speak the following month, Floridian lawyer Gary Edinger threatened to sue the university for violating the [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution|First Amendment]] by prohibiting Spencer from speaking despite being a publicly funded institution. The university subsequently reached an agreement with Edinger allowing Spencer to speak on October 19, 2017.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/17/us/florida-richard-spencer.html|title=University of Florida Braces for Richard Spencer|last=Hartocollis|first=Anemona|date=October 17, 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=October 20, 2017|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Florida Governor [[Rick Scott]] declared a [[state of emergency]] for [[Alachua County, Florida|Alachua County]] on October 16, saying: "I find that the threat of a potential emergency is imminent" as a result of Spencer's appearance.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/10/17/558294630/floridas-governor-declares-state-of-emergency-ahead-of-richard-spencer-speech|title=Florida's Governor Declares State Of Emergency Ahead Of Richard Spencer Speech|last=Wamsley|first=Laurel|date=October 17, 2017|work=NPR|access-date=October 20, 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/10/16/florida-governor-declares-state-of-emergency-in-advance-of-richard-spencer-event/|title=Florida governor declares state of emergency in advance of Richard Spencer event|last=Rozsa|first=Lori|date=October 16, 2017|work=The Washington Post|access-date=October 20, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016235051/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/10/16/florida-governor-declares-state-of-emergency-in-advance-of-richard-spencer-event/|archive-date=October 16, 2017|dead-url=yes|last2=Svrugla|first2=Susan}}</ref> On October 19, 2017, Spencer spoke at the [[Curtis M. Phillips Center for the Performing Arts]] on university grounds. In addition to Spencer, the speakers included Eli Mosley of [[Identity Evropa]], a white supremacist group from California, and [[Mike Enoch]], a white nationalist blogger.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wfla.com/2017/10/19/richard-spencer-drowned-out-by-boos-at-uf-speech-call-for-firing-of-white-professors/|title=WATCH: Richard Spencer gets drowned out by boos at UF speech|date=October 19, 2017|publisher=}}</ref><ref>[https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2017/10/19/richard-spencer-shouted-down-university-florida-speech/781966001/ "'Go home, racist!' Richard Spencer shouted down at University of Florida speech"], ''[[USA Today]]''</ref> The event's security costs reportedly amounted to an estimated $600,000.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/19/richard-spencer-protest-university-florida-speech-white-supremacist "White supremacist Richard Spencer faces barrage of protest at Florida speech"], ''[[The Guardian]]"</ref> It drew about 2,500 protestors, vastly outnumbering Spencer's supporters.<ref>[http://www.newsweek.com/richard-spencer-shouted-down-florida-cuts-his-speech-short-689182 "Richard Spencer Shouted Down in Florida, Cuts his Speech Short"], ''[[Newsweek]]''</ref><ref name="auto1">[http://www.gainesville.com/news/20171020/behind-scenes-logistics-at-protest-let-officers-control-chaos "Behind-scenes logistics at protest let officers control chaos"], ''[[The Gainesville Sun]]''</ref> The speech, which was Spencer's first public appearance after the Charlottesville rally, was disrupted by loud protests.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/356303-richard-spencer-speech-in-florida-ends-amid-protests|title=White nationalist Richard Spencer speech ends amid protests|last=Shelbourne|first=Mallory|date=October 19, 2017|work=The Hill|access-date=October 20, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/10/18/uf/|title='Go home, Spencer!' Protesters disrupt white nationalist's speech at the University of Florida|last=Heim|first=Joe|last2=Rozsa|first2=Lori|date=October 19, 2017|website=The Washington Post|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103135157/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/10/18/uf/|archive-date=November 3, 2017|dead-url=yes|access-date=October 20, 2017|last3=Hauslohner|first3=Abigail|last4=Svrluga|first4=Susan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/protesters-decry-nazi-hate-outside-white-nationalist-talk/|title=White nationalist Spencer drowned out by protesters|last=Dearen|first=Jason|date=October 19, 2017|work=The Seattle Times|access-date=October 20, 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> When drowned out by chants from the audience, he grew visibly frustrated, stating that the protestors were interfering with his freedom of speech. He added: "You are all engaged in what's known as the [[heckler's veto]]." According to [[Clay Calvert]], director of the Marion B. Brechner First Amendment Project at the [[University of Florida College of Journalism and Communications]], non-violent protesting, booing and suggesting that the speaker leave was not a [[Heckler's veto#Law|heckler's veto in law]]. The speech and the concurrent protests were largely peaceful.<ref name="auto1"/><ref>[https://www.news-press.com/story/news/2017/10/19/richard-spencer-uf-speech-live-coverage/778346001/ "Richard Spencer UF speech"], ''[[The News-Press]]''</ref> Later that day, three of Spencer's supporters were arrested on felony charges following an alleged discharge of a firearm, directed at protestors leaving the event. The three suspects were residents of Texas who had travelled to Florida to hear Spencer speak. According to the [[Gainesville Police Department]], they had shouted "Hail Hitler" and gave Nazi salutes immediately before the alleged attack. Authorities said that two of the suspects had known links to extremist groups.<ref>[http://time.com/4991724/richard-spencer-speech-shooting/ "3 Men Arrested After Shooting at Richard Spencer's University of Florida Speech"], ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''</ref> The men had participated in the August 2017 [[Unite the Right rally]], where Spencer had been scheduled to speak.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thinkprogress.org/white-supremacist-richard-spencer-arrested-74f10096a721/|title=White supremacist supporters of Richard Spencer open fire on counter-protesters|publisher=}}</ref><ref>[https://www.adl.org/blog/three-texas-men-arrested-following-richard-spencers-university-speech "Three Texas Men Arrested Following Richard Spencer's University Speech"], [[Anti-Defamation League]] blog</ref> All three were charged with attempted homicide.<ref>Deborah Strange, [http://www.gainesville.com/zz/news/20171020/three-supporters-of-white-nationalist-richard-spencer-arrested-after-shot-fired-at-florida-venue Three supporters of white nationalist Richard Spencer arrested after shot fired at Florida venue], ''Gainesville Sun'' (October 20, 2017).</ref> In the aftermath of the October 19 events, [[Ohio State University]] declined Spencer's request to allow him to speak on campus, citing "substantial risk to public safety". In response, a lawyer representing Spencer's associate and organizer of his speaking tour filed a lawsuit against the university.<ref name="auto4"/> ===Montana=== In 2013, a dispute with [[Neoconservatism|neoconservative]] lobbyist [[Randy Scheunemann]] at [[Whitefish Mountain Resort]] in [[Montana]] drew public attention to Spencer and his political views.<ref name=WhitefishPilot-FightAtResort-2014>{{cite news|last1=Baldwin|first1=Matt|title=Fight at Whitefish Mountain resort gets national spotlight|url=http://www.thewesternnews.com/news/article_2fa45974-74db-11e4-954f-13a960769a61.html|work=Whitefish Pilot|date=November 25, 2014}}</ref> The National Policy Institute think tank, AlternativeRight.com, and [[Radix Journal]] all use the same mailing address in [[Whitefish, Montana]].<ref name=MissoulaIndependent-NPI-2013>{{cite news|last1=Sakariassen|first1=Alex|title=Rachel Maddow calls out white "nationalist" nonprofit in Flathead|url=http://missoulanews.bigskypress.com/IndyBlog/archives/2013/05/13/rachel-maddow-calls-out-white-nationalist-nonprofit-in-flathead|work=[[Missoula Independent]]|date=May 13, 2013|quote=Segment, "Our People", starts at 2:13|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122155048/http://missoulanews.bigskypress.com/IndyBlog/archives/2013/05/13/rachel-maddow-calls-out-white-nationalist-nonprofit-in-flathead|archivedate=November 22, 2016}}</ref> In 2014, a pro-tolerance group affiliated with the Montana Human Rights Network rallied against Spencer's residency in Whitefish. In response, the city council approved a non-discrimination resolution.<ref name=WhitefishPilot-Resolution-LoveLivesHere-2014>{{cite news|last1=Desch|first1=Heidi|title=Council takes stand in support of diversity|url=http://www.whitefishpilot.com/news/article_845ce4d0-7a68-11e4-b5d7-131433998d22.html|work=Whitefish Pilot|date=December 2, 2014}}</ref> In December 2016, Republican Representative [[Ryan Zinke]], Republican Senator [[Steve Daines]], Democratic Senator [[Jon Tester]], Democratic Governor [[Steve Bullock (Montana politician)|Steve Bullock]] and Republican Attorney General [[Tim Fox (politician)|Tim Fox]] condemned a neo-Nazi march that had been planned for January 2017.<ref name="forwardcoffmanmontanalawmakers">{{cite news|last1=Coffman|first1=Keith|last2=Johnson|first2=Eric M.|title=Montana Lawmakers Unite To Denounce Neo-Nazi Rally Plans|url=http://forward.com/news/breaking-news/358511/montana-lawmakers-unite-to-denounce-neo-nazi-rally-plans/|accessdate=December 29, 2016|work=Forward|date=December 27, 2016}}</ref> The community of Whitefish organized in opposition to the event, and the march never occurred.<ref name="Beckett">{{cite web|last1=Beckett|first1=Lois|title=How Richard Spencer's home town weathered a neo-Nazi 'troll storm'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/05/richard-spencer-whitefish-neo-nazi-march|website=The Guardian|accessdate=July 11, 2017|date=February 5, 2017}}</ref> Also in December 2016, Spencer announced he was considering an independent run for [[Montana's at-large congressional district]] in the [[Montana's at-large congressional district special election, 2017|2017 special election]], although he ultimately did not enter the race.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-pol-richard-spencer-congress-20161220-story.html|title=White nationalist Richard Spencer considers a run for Montana congressional seat|author=Lee, Kurtis|newspaper=[[The Los Angeles Times]]|date=December 20, 2016|accessdate=January 25, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2016/12/16/white-nationalist-richard-spencer-considering-running-for-congress.html|title=White nationalist Richard Spencer considering running for Congress|author=Vielma, Antonio José|publisher=[[CNBC]]|date=December 16, 2016|accessdate=January 25, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/politics/2016/12/20/white-nationalist-richard-spencer-seriously-considering-run-congress-montana-seatvacated|title=White nationalist Richard Spencer 'seriously considering' run for Congress if Montana seat vacated|author=Downs, Caleb|newspaper=[[The Dallas Morning News]]|date=December 20, 2016|accessdate=January 25, 2018}}</ref> ==Views== ===White identity=== Spencer believes in white pride and the unification of a pan-European "[[white race]]" in a "potential racial empire" resembling the Roman Empire.<ref name="motherjones.com"/><ref name="usatoday.com"/><ref name="archive.org"/> In an interview with CNN, he was criticized for an apparent inconsistency or lack of clarity in his definition of white, with his interviewer noting that Spencer defined Syrians as white in the context of [[Steve Jobs]]'s role in developing the iPhone, but described them as a non-white presence in Europe in the context of the [[Syrian refugee crisis]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1612/06/cnnt.02.html|title=CNN.com - Transcripts|website=transcripts.cnn.com}}</ref> In 2013, the [[Anti-Defamation League]] called Spencer a "leader" in white supremacist circles, and said that after leaving ''The American Conservative'', he rejected [[conservatism in the United States|conservatism]], because he believed its adherents "can't or won't represent explicitly white interests".<ref name="ADL-RichardSpencer-2013">{{cite news|title=Richard Spencer: A Symbol Of The New White Supremacy|url=http://blog.adl.org/extremism/richard-spencer-a-symbol-of-the-new-white-supremacy|work=[[Anti-Defamation League]]|date=May 14, 2013}}</ref> In one interview in which he was asked if he would condemn the [[Ku Klux Klan]] and [[Adolf Hitler]], he refused by saying: "I'm not going to play this game", while stating that Hitler had "done things that I think are despicable", without elaborating on which things he was referring to.<ref name="dailywirebandler5thingstoknowabout">{{cite news|last1=Bandler|first1=Aaron|title=5 Things To Know About Alt-Right Leader Richard Spencer|url=http://www.dailywire.com/news/11089/5-things-know-about-alt-right-leader-richard-aaron-bandler|accessdate=March 14, 2017|work=The Daily Wire|date=November 25, 2016|quote="Hitler is a historical figure", he said. "He's done things that I think are despicable. I'm not going to play this game."}}</ref> Spencer also admires [[George Lincoln Rockwell]], the founder of the [[American Nazi Party]], for using "shock [as] a positive means to an end".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Miller|first1=Michael E.|title=The shadow of an assassinated American Nazi commander hangs over Charlottesville|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2017/08/21/the-shadow-of-an-assassinated-american-nazi-commander-hangs-over-charlottesville/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.b6d5b5ac3c11|accessdate=August 21, 2017|work=The Washington Post|date=December 16, 2018}}</ref> In a 2016 interview for ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine, Spencer said he rejected white supremacy and the slavery of nonwhites, preferring to establish America as a [[white ethnostate]].<ref name="Time-BillionaireBigots-2016">{{cite news|last1=Altman|first1=Alex|title=The Billionaire and the Bigots: How Donald Trump's Campaign Brought White Nationalists Out of the Shadows|url=http://time.com/4293564/the-billionaire-and-the-bigots|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=April 14, 2016|subscription=yes}}</ref> He also advocates the creation of a [[white ethnostate]] in Europe that would be open to all "racial Europeans".<ref name="FlatheadBeacon-WhoIs-2014" /><ref name="auto2">{{cite web|last1=Spencer|first1=Richard B.|title=Facing the Future As a Minority|url=http://www.radixjournal.com/journal/2016/9/28/facing-the-future-as-a-minority|website=Radix Journal|accessdate=March 11, 2017|date=September 28, 2016|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312063115/http://www.radixjournal.com/journal/2016/9/28/facing-the-future-as-a-minority|archivedate=March 12, 2017}}</ref><ref name="motherjones.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2016/10/richard-spencer-trump-alt-right-white-nationalist/|title=Meet the white nationalist trying to ride the Trump train to lasting power|publisher=}}</ref><ref name="usatoday.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2017/10/19/richard-spencer-speaks-uf-today-who-he/779206001/|title=Richard Spencer speaks at University of Florida today. Who is he?|publisher=}}</ref><ref name="archive.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.radixjournal.com/blog/2016/5/25/make-europe-great-again|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312063232/http://www.radixjournal.com/blog/2016/5/25/make-europe-great-again|dead-url=yes|archive-date=March 12, 2017|title="Euro-Skepticism" Skepticism|date=March 12, 2017|publisher=}}</ref> Some commentators see Spencer and other white nationalists as appropriating some elements of [[socialist]] rhetoric to critique a "notion of capitalism centred on stereotypes of Jews" <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/20/socialism-neoliberal-capitalism-far-right|title=Socialism, fascist-style: hostility to capitalism plus extreme racism|last=Wilson|first=Jason|date=2017-08-20|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2018-10-26}}</ref> ===Criticism of ethno-nationalism, support for white racial empire=== According to the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]], Spencer has advocated for a white homeland for a "dispossessed white race", and called for "peaceful ethnic cleansing" to halt the "deconstruction" of what he describes as "white culture".<ref name="SPLC-RichardSpencer-Profile" /><ref name="DailyBeast-SkiResort-2014"/><ref name="telegraph-white-nationalist"/> To this end he has supported what he has called "the creation of a White Ethno-State on the North American continent", an "ideal" that he has regarded as a "reconstitution of the [[Roman Empire]]".<ref name="FlatheadBeacon-WhoIs-2014" /><ref name="auto2"/> Prior to the [[United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, 2016|UK vote to leave]] the [[EU]], Spencer expressed support for the multi-national bloc "as a [[Pan-European nationalism|potential racial empire]]" and an alternative to "American hegemony", stating that he has "always been highly skeptical of so-called '[[Euroscepticism|Euro-Skeptics]]'".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Spencer|first1=Richard B.|title="Euro-Skepticism" Skepticism|url=http://www.radixjournal.com/blog/2016/5/25/make-europe-great-again|website=Radix Journal|accessdate=March 11, 2017|date=May 25, 2016|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312063232/http://www.radixjournal.com/blog/2016/5/25/make-europe-great-again|archivedate=March 12, 2017}}</ref> ===Donald Trump=== Spencer supported [[Donald Trump]] in the [[United States presidential election, 2016|2016 presidential election]] and called Trump's election "the victory of will", a phrase evoking the title of [[Leni Riefenstahl]]'s ''[[Triumph of the Will]]'' (1935), a Nazi-era propaganda film.<ref name="NYTimes-AltRight-HeilVictory-20162" /> Upon Trump's appointment of [[Steve Bannon]] as chief White House strategist and senior counselor, Spencer said Bannon would be in "the best possible position" to influence policy.<ref name="NYTimes-OpEd-Bannon-TurnOnHate-2016">{{cite news|last1=The Editorial Board|title=Steve 'Turn On the Hate' Bannon, in the White House|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/15/opinion/turn-on-the-hate-steve-bannon-at-the-white-house.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 15, 2016}}</ref> In November 2018, however, Spencer told his followers "The Trump moment is over, and it's time for us to move on." The Southern Poverty Law Center reported that, around the same time, the white nationalist movement as a whole was dissatisfied with Trump's presidency.<ref>{{cite news|title=Are white nationalists turning on Trump?|url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2018/11/27/are-white-nationalists-turning-trump|work=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]]|date=November 27, 2018}}</ref> ===Women=== During the 2016 United States presidential election, Spencer tweeted that women should not be allowed to make foreign policy.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2017/08/20/544134546/the-women-behind-the-alt-right|title=The Women Behind The 'Alt-Right'|last=Bowman|first=Emma|date=August 20, 2017|work=NPR|access-date=October 15, 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsweek.com/alt-right-leader-richard-spencer-isnt-sure-if-women-should-be-allowed-vote-685048|title='Alt-Right' leader Richard Spencer isn't sure if women should be allowed to vote|last=Hayden|first=Michael Edison|date=October 14, 2017|work=Newsweek|access-date=October 15, 2017|language=en}}</ref> He also stated in an interview with ''The Washington Post'' that his vision of America as a white ethnostate included women returning to traditional [[Gender role|roles]] as childbearers and [[homemakers]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/lets-party-like-its-1933-inside-the-disturbing-alt-right-world-of-richard-spencer/2016/11/22/cf81dc74-aff7-11e6-840f-e3ebab6bcdd3_story.html|title='Let's party like it's 1933': Inside the alt-right world of Richard Spencer|last=Cox|first=John Woodrow|date=November 22, 2016|work=Washington Post|access-date=October 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122235548/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/lets-party-like-its-1933-inside-the-disturbing-alt-right-world-of-richard-spencer/2016/11/22/cf81dc74-aff7-11e6-840f-e3ebab6bcdd3_story.html|archive-date=November 22, 2016|dead-url=yes|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/11/25/the-alt-right-isnt-just-about-white-supremacy-its-about-white-male-supremacy/|title=The alt-right isn't only about white supremacy. It's about white male supremacy|last=Paquette|first=Danielle|date=November 25, 2016|work=Washington Post|access-date=October 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126113832/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/11/25/the-alt-right-isnt-just-about-white-supremacy-its-about-white-male-supremacy/|archive-date=November 26, 2016|dead-url=yes|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> In October 2017, when asked his opinion on American women having the right to vote, he said: "I don't necessarily think that that's a great thing" after stating that he was "not terribly excited" about voting in general.<ref name=":0" /> ===Homosexuality=== Spencer opposes [[same-sex marriage in the United States|same-sex marriage]],<ref name="Radix-GayMarriage-2010">{{cite news|url=http://www.radixjournal.com/altright-archive/altright-archive/main/blogs/untimely-observations/the-inevitablility-of-gay-marriage|title=The Inevitability of Gay Marriage|last1=Spencer|first1=Richard B.|date=August 5, 2010|work=Radix Journal|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123132957/http://www.radixjournal.com/altright-archive/altright-archive/main/blogs/untimely-observations/the-inevitablility-of-gay-marriage|archivedate=November 23, 2016}}</ref> which he has described as "unnatural" and a "non-issue", commenting that "very few gay men will find the idea of monogamy to their liking".<ref name="NPI-EndOfCultureWar-2013">{{cite news|url=http://www.npiamerica.org/the-national-policy-institute/blog/the-end-of-the-culture-war|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817020023/http://www.npiamerica.org/the-national-policy-institute/blog/the-end-of-the-culture-war|dead-url=yes|archive-date=August 17, 2013|title=The End of the "Culture War"|last1=Spencer|first1=Richard|date=June 26, 2013|work=[[National Policy Institute|The National Policy Institute]]}}</ref> Despite his opposition to same-sex marriage, Spencer barred people with [[LGBT rights opposition|anti-gay views]] from the National Policy Institute's annual conference in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2016/08/18/some-white-nationalists-continue-court-lgbt-community|title=Some White Nationalists Continue to Court the LGBT Community|last=Falvey|first=Rose|date=August 18, 2016|publisher=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]]}}</ref> ===Health care=== Spencer supports [[Legal protection of access to abortion|legal access to abortion]], in part because he believes it would reduce the number of [[Black people|black]] and [[Hispanic]] people, which he says would be a "great boon" to [[white people]].<ref name="theatlanticwood2">{{cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/06/his-kampf/524505/|title=His Kampf|last1=Wood|first1=Graeme|date=June 2017|work=The Atlantic|accessdate=May 16, 2017|quote=In 2011, he moved from Washington to Whitefish, Montana, where his mother owns a vacation home and a commercial building. (She is the heiress to cotton farms in Louisiana, and his father is a respected Dallas ophthalmologist.)}}</ref> Spencer supports a national [[single-payer healthcare|single-payer health care]] system because he believes it would benefit white people.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/4/4/15164598/alt-right-single-payer-health-care-trump|title=Why the alt-right loves single-payer health care|last=Matthews|first=Dylan|date=April 4, 2017|publisher=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenation.com/article/the-racist-right-looks-left/|title=The Racist Right Looks Left|last=Minkowitz|first=Donna|date=December 8, 2017|work=The Nation|access-date=January 19, 2018|issn=0027-8378}}</ref> ===Christianity=== Spencer is an [[atheist]],<ref>{{cite web|last1=Spencer|first1=Richard|title=The Alt Right and Secular Humanism|url=http://www.altright.com/2017/01/23/the-alt-right-and-secular-humanism/|website=AltRight.com|accessdate=January 28, 2017|quote=McAfee: Are you religious? Do you support the Separation of Church and State? Spencer: I'm an atheist.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170527031424/http://altright.com/2017/01/23/the-alt-right-and-secular-humanism/|archive-date=May 27, 2017|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}</ref> but believes the [[Christian church]] previously held some pragmatic value, as Spencer believes it helped unify the white population of Europe. He opposes traditional Christian values as a moral code, due to Christianity being a [[universalizing religion|universalizing]] religion, rather than an [[ethnic religion]]. Spencer references his views on Christianity as being influenced by German philosopher [[Friedrich Nietzsche]].<ref name="harris">{{Cite news|url=https://www.courier-journal.com/story/opinion/contributors/2017/08/29/alt-right-rejects-christian-values-moral-guide-jordan-harris/608899001/|title=Alt-right rejects Christian values as moral guide|last=Harris|first=Jordan|work=The Courier-Journal|access-date=February 16, 2018|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://time.com/4915161/charlottesville-alt-right-alt-christianity/|last=McLaren|first=Brian|title=The 'Alt-Right' Has Created Alt-Christianity|website=Time|language=en|access-date=February 16, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/06/his-kampf/524505/|title=Richard Spencer Was My High-School Classmate|last=Wood|first=Graeme|work=The Atlantic|access-date=February 16, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> Citing Nietzsche's [[Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche#Nietzsche's criticism of anti-Semitism and nationalism|criticism of anti-Semitism and nationalism]], Scott Galupo writing for ''[[The Week]]'', Sean Illing for ''Vox'', and Jordan Harris for ''[[The Courier-Journal]]'' have described Spencer's interpretation of Nietzsche's philosophy as incorrect.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Galupo|first1=Scott|title=The troubling rise of Bad Nietzsche|url=http://theweek.com/articles/699001/troubling-rise-bad-nietzsche|accessdate=February 16, 2018|work=The Week|date=May 22, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Illing|first1=Sean|title=The alt-right is drunk on bad readings of Nietzsche. The Nazis were too.|url=https://www.vox.com/2017/8/17/16140846/nietzsche-richard-spencer-alt-right-nazism|accessdate=February 16, 2018|work=Vox|date=January 12, 2018}}</ref><ref name="harris"/> Spencer's ''Radix Journal'' has promoted paganism, running titles such as "Why I am a pagan".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/04/breaking-faith/517785/|title=America's Empty-Church Problem|last=Beinart|first=Peter|work=The Atlantic|access-date=February 17, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> Spencer has also described himself as a "cultural Christian".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Spencer|first1=Richard|title='We're Not Going Anywhere:' Watch Roland Martin Challenge White Nationalist Richard Spencer|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yr5BQS79H7g&t=8m9s|website=YouTube.com|accessdate=May 5, 2017|quote=Martin: Are you a Christian? Spencer: I'm an cultural Christian.}}</ref> ===Iraq war=== Spencer states he voted for Democrat [[John Kerry]] over incumbent Republican [[George W. Bush]] during the [[United States presidential election, 2004|2004 United States presidential election]], because Bush stood for "the war".<ref name="DallasNews-alt-rightleader-richard-spencer-wild-votingbut-backed-democrat-kerry-trump-2017">{{cite news|url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/elections/2017/10/19/alt-rightleader-richard-spencer-wild-votingbut-backed-democrat-kerry-trump|title='Alt-Right' leader Richard Spencer has voted for Democrats in the past, including John Kerry|date=October 19, 2017|work=[[The Dallas News]]}}</ref> ===Fourteen Words=== Spencer is an advocate of the [[Fourteen Words]], a white supremacist slogan, and has promoted it.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.adl.org/blog/richard-spencer-is-making-common-cause-with-neo-nazis |title=Richard Spencer Is Making Common Cause with Neo-Nazis |date=December 20, 2016 |publisher=[[Anti-Defamation League]]}}</ref> Despite his support, he has clarified that he'd prefer to merge the [[alt-right]] and [[alt-lite]] into one political force, claiming that "If I wanted to create a movement that was 1488 white nationalist, I would have done that".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://highline.huffingtonpost.com/articles/en/alt-right/ |title=My Journey to the Center of the Alt-Right |date=November 3, 2016 |publisher=''[[HuffPost]]''}}</ref> ===Views on Russia and NATO=== Spencer has advocated for the US pulling out of [[NATO]], and called Russia the "sole white power in the world". His partner then Kouprianova, under her pen name Nina Byzantina referred to herself as a "Kremlin troll leader" and regularly aligned to Kremlin talking points, with ties to [[Alexander Dugin]], a far-right ultranationalist Russian intellectual leader in the [[Eurasianism]] movement and writer of [[Foundations of Geopolitics]]. The webzine founded by Spencer in 2010, called Alternative Right, accepted direct contributor pieces from Dugin.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-connections-to-the-alt-right-2016-11|title='A model for civilization': Putin's Russia has emerged as 'a beacon for nationalists' and the American alt-right|date=December 10, 2016|agency=Business Insider}}</ref> === Libertarianism === In the late 2000s, Spencer was involved in the [[Libertarianism in the United States|libertarian movement]], supporting libertarian Republican presidential candidate [[Ron Paul]]<ref name="Lewis">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-insidious-libertarian-to-alt-right-pipeline|title=The Insidious Libertarian-to-Alt-Right Pipeline|last=Lewis|first=Matt|date=2017-08-23|work=The Daily Beast|access-date=2018-10-26|language=en}}</ref> and hosting him at his discussion club, the Robert Taft Club.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/06/his-kampf/524505/|title=Richard Spencer Was My High-School Classmate|last=Wood|first=Graeme|work=The Atlantic|access-date=2018-10-26|language=en-US}}</ref> Spencer later disavowed libertarianism as incompatible with white nationalism, and in 2017 he came into conflict with libertarians after reportedly attempting to "crash" an International Students for Liberty conference.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.salon.com/2017/02/21/richard-spencer-attempted-to-crash-a-libertarian-conference-and-was-shown-the-door/|title=Richard Spencer attempted to crash a Libertarian conference and was shown the door|date=2017-02-21|work=Salon|access-date=2018-10-26|language=en-US}}</ref> However, Spencer's disavowal notwithstanding, some commentators do see commonality between the alt-right and libertarianism.<ref name="Lewis"/> ==Personal life== In 2010, Spencer moved to [[Whitefish, Montana]]. He says he splits his time between Whitefish and [[Arlington, Virginia]],<ref name=FlatheadBeacon-WhoIs-2014>{{cite news|last1=Scott|first1=Tristan|title=Who is Richard Spencer?|url=http://flatheadbeacon.com/2014/11/26/richard-spencer|work=Flathead Beacon|date=November 26, 2014}}</ref><ref name=WhitefishPilot-LoveLivesHere-2014>{{cite news|last1=Spencer|first1=Richard B.|title=Defending free expression|url=http://www.whitefishpilot.com/opinion/article_c60e71a8-7a8d-11e4-8ed2-835adcd532c8.html|work=Whitefish Pilot|date=December 2, 2014}}</ref> although he has said he has lived in Whitefish for over 10 years and considers it home.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Spencer|first1=Richard B.|title=Skiing With The Enemy|url=http://www.radixjournal.com/journal/2014/11/26/skiing-with-the-enemy|work=Radix Journal|date=November 26, 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606043845/http://www.radixjournal.com/journal/2014/11/26/skiing-with-the-enemy|archivedate=June 6, 2017}}</ref> As of 2017 Spencer was renting an apartment in Alexandria, Virginia<ref>{{cite web|url=http://forward.com/fast-forward/379017/can-opponents-push-alt-right-leader-richard-spencer-out-of-his-virginia-hom/|title=Can Opponents Push 'Alt-Right' Leader Richard Spencer Out Of His Virginia Home?|author=Feldman, Ari|magazine=[[The Forward]]|date=August 3, 2017|accessdate=August 4, 2017}}</ref> but moved out in August 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonian.com/2018/08/10/report-richard-spencer-has-left-old-town-alexandria/|title=Report: Richard Spencer Has Left Old Town Alexandria|author=Beaujon, Andrew & Olsen, Kim|magazine=[[Washingtonian (magazine)|The Washingtonian]]|date=August 10, 2018|accessdate=February 1, 2019}}</ref> Spencer married Nina Kouprianova in 2010, with whom he has two children.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Beckett|first=Lois|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/23/white-supremacist-richard-spencer-physical-abuse-divorce-filings|title=White nationalist Richard Spencer accused of physical abuse by wife|date=October 23, 2018|work=The Guardian|language=en|access-date=October 26, 2018}}</ref> Prior to this, Spencer's dating history included Asian women, which he has said predates his white nationalism, though this evaluation is disputed.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Harkinson|first=Josh|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2016/10/richard-spencer-trump-alt-right-white-nationalist/|title=Meet the white nationalist trying to ride the Trump train to lasting power|work=Mother Jones|date=October 27, 2018|access-date=October 26, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> He was separated from Kouprianova, who is [[Georgia (country)|Russian]]-Canadian,<ref>[http://observer.com/2017/09/interview-nina-kouprianova-wife-of-alt-right-leader-richard-spencer Richard Spencer's Russian Wife Talks Trump, Utopia: Full Interview] By Diana Bruk • 09/19/17</ref> in October 2016;<ref name="MotherJones-Profile-2016" /> in April 2017, Spencer said he and his wife were not separated and were still together.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Spencer|first1=Richard|title=Richard Spencer's Full Q&A at Auburn University|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g1JJA6UiEio|website=YouTube.com|accessdate=June 4, 2017|quote=Audience Member: Your ex-wife is a Russian American and you have a child together. Please explain that. Spencer: She's not my ex-wife. Audience Member: Or you're separated, right? Spencer: No. Audience Member: Okay, so the thing I said is that you are separated or whatever. So you're still together? Spencer: Yes}}</ref> Kouprianova has translated several books written by [[Aleksandr Dugin]], a [[Russia]]n political analyst known for his [[fascist]] views.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=f3I4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA482&lpg=PA482&dq=Nina+Kouprianova#v=onepage&q=Nina%20Kouprianova&f=false|title=The Future is History: How Totalitarianism Reclaimed Russia|last=Gessen|first=Masha|date=2017|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9781594634536|location=|page=482|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/features/meet-the-alt-right-spokesman-thrilled-by-trumps-rise-w443902|title=Meet the Alt-Right 'Spokesman' Who's Thrilled With Trump's Rise|last=Posner|first=Sarah|date=October 18, 2016|work=Rolling Stone|access-date=October 20, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsweek.com/leaders-charlottesvilles-alt-right-protest-all-have-ties-russian-fascist-651384|title=Charlottesville's alt-right leaders have a passion for Vladimir Putin|last=Ebel|first=Francesca|date=August 16, 2017|work=Newsweek|access-date=October 20, 2017|language=en}}</ref> The books were later published by Spencer's publishing house, Washington Summit Publishers.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=1rA0DwAAQBAJ&dq=Nina+Kouprianova|title=Russia and the Western Far Right: Tango Noir|last=Shekhovtsov|first=Anton|date=September 8, 2017|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317199953|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref> In June 2018, Spencer published the results of a DNA test by [[23andMe]], which showed him to have 99.5% European ancestry and 0.5% non-European ancestry.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2018/10/elizabeth-warren-shouldnt-have-shared-dna-test/573577/|title=Elizabeth Warren Has Lost Her Way|last=Flanagan|first=Caitlin|date=2018-10-22|work=The Atlantic|access-date=2018-10-26|language=en-US}}</ref> In October of 2018, Nina Kouprianova, Spencer's wife, accused him in divorce documents of various forms of abuse.<ref>Palmer, Ewan (October 24, 2018). [https://www.newsweek.com/white-nationalist-richard-spencer-accused-physical-abuse-wife-attacking-her-1184806 "White Nationalist Richard Spencer Accused of Physical Abuse by Wife, Attacking Her While Pregnant."] ''Newsweek.com''. Retrieved January 26, 2019.</ref> Court documents detailed emotional abuse, financial abuse, and violent physical abuse, including when Kouprianova was 9 months pregnant, and frequently in front of their children.<ref>[[Associated Press]] (October 24, 2018). [https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/white-nationalist-richard-spencer-s-wife-says-he-physically-abused-n923751 "White Nationalist Richard Spencer's Wife Says He Physically Abused Her."] ''NBCNews.com''. Retrieved January 26, 2019.</ref> A caregiver to the children testified in court about Spencer's abuses towards both her and Kouprianova.<ref>Lenz, Lyz (January 13, 2019). [https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/richard-spencer-nina-kouprianova-divorce-abuse_us_5c2fc90ee4b0d75a9830ab69 "You Should Care That Richard Spencer’s Wife Says He Abused Her."] ''HuffingtonPost.com''. Retrieved January 26, 2019.</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} == External links == * {{Wikiquote-inline}} {{Alt-right footer}} {{Neo-Nazism}} {{White nationalism}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Spencer, Richard B.}} [[Category:1978 births]] [[Category:Advocates of the European Union]] [[Category:Alt-right]] [[Category:Alt-right writers]] [[Category:American atheists]] [[Category:American neo-Nazis]] [[Category:American white nationalists]] [[Category:American white supremacists]] [[Category:Anti-immigration politics in the United States]] [[Category:Articles containing video clips]] [[Category:Duke University alumni]] [[Category:Far-right politics in the United States]] [[Category:Identitarian movement]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Montana Independents]] [[Category:People deported from Sweden]] [[Category:People from Alexandria, Virginia]] [[Category:People from Arlington County, Virginia]] [[Category:People from Boston]] [[Category:People from Dallas]] [[Category:People from Whitefish, Montana]] [[Category:St. Mark's School (Texas) alumni]] [[Category:Unite the Right rally]] [[Category:University of Chicago alumni]] [[Category:University of Virginia alumni]]'
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'{{short description|American white supremacist}} {{distinguish|text=the Jihad Watch blogger [[Robert Spencer (author)]]}} {{pp-pc1|small=yes}} {{Other people5|Richard Spencer (disambiguation)}}{{Use American English|date=November 2017}} {{Use mdy dates|date=August 2018}} {{Infobox person |image = File:Richard b spencer cropped retouched.jpg |alt = A photograph of Robert Spencer holding a microphone and pointing |caption = At the Ronald Reagan Building, Washington, D.C., on November 19, 2016 |birth_name = Richard Bertrand Spencer |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1978|05|11}} |birth_place = [[Boston, Massachusetts]], U.S. |movement = {{ubl |[[Alt-right]] |[[Identitarian movement]] |[[Neo-Nazism]] |[[White nationalism]] |[[White supremacy]] }} |nationality = American |death_date = |death_place = |home_town = [[Preston Hollow, Dallas|Preston Hollow]], [[Dallas|Dallas, Texas]], U.S. |education = {{ubl |[[University of Virginia]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) |[[University of Chicago]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]]) |[[Duke University]] ([[PhD candidate]]; withdrew) }} |occupation = Author, publisher |known_for = {{ubl |President and director of the [[National Policy Institute]] |Executive director of [[Washington Summit Publishers]] }} |spouse = {{marriage|Nina Kouprianova|2010|2018|end=div.}} |party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]] }} '''Richard Bertrand Spencer''' (born May 11, 1978)<!-- This includes the middle name AND year of birth--><ref>{{cite web|title=Richard Bertrand Spencer|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual/richard-bertrand-spencer-0|publisher=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]]|access-date=December 29, 2017|language=en}}</ref> is an American neo-Nazi and [[white supremacist]]<!-- DO NOT change this wording without first getting consensus on the talk page. Consensus is that Spencer should be described as a white supremacist according to reliable sources.-->.<ref> *{{cite news|last1=Peoples|first1=Steve|title=Energized white supremacists cheer Trump convention message|url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/70541105d2f149cc9b7b6951d8a13e7a/energized-white-supremacists-cheer-trump-convention-message|work=Associated Press|date=July 24, 2016|location=Cleveland, OH}} *{{cite news|last1=Wines|first1=Michael|last2=Saul|first2=Stephanie|title=White Supremacists Extend Their Reach Through Websites|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/06/us/white-supremacists-extend-their-reach-through-websites.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=July 5, 2015}} *{{cite news|last1=Gelin|first1=Martin|title=White Flight: America's white supremacists are ignored at home. So they are looking to start over with a little help from Europe's far right|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/foreigners/2014/11/jared_taylor_richard_spencer_and_american_white_supremacists_in_europe_why.html|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|date=November 13, 2014|location=Budapest, Hungary}} *{{cite news|first1=Chris|last1=Welch|first2=Sara|last2=Ganim|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/12/06/politics/richard-spencer-interview-texas-am-speech/|title=White Supremacist Richard Spencer: 'We reached tens of millions of people' with video|publisher=CNN|date=December 6, 2016}} *{{cite news|last=Mangan|first=Katherine|title=A push to 'expand white privilege': Richard B. Spencer president, National Policy Institute, a white-supremacist group|newspaper=[[The Chronicle of Higher Education]]|date=December 9, 2016|page=A6+}} *{{cite web|last=Zalman|first=Jonathan|title=Neo-Nazi Website Tells Readers to 'Take Action' Against Jews on Behalf of Richard Spencer's Mother in Montana.|work=[[Tablet (magazine)|Tablet]]|url=https://www.tabletmag.com/scroll/220458/neo-nazi-website-tells-readers-to-take-action-against-jews-including-children-on-behalf-of-richard-spencers-mother-in-montana|date=December 19, 2016}} *{{cite news|title=Campus clashes as US white supremacist gives speech.|newspaper=[[London Evening Standard]]|date=December 7, 2016|page=22}} *{{cite journal|first=Gretel|last=Kauffman|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2016/1123/Donald-Trump-again-disavows-so-called-alt-right-supporters|title=Donald Trump again disavows so-called alt-right supporters|journal=[[Christian Science Monitor]]|date=November 23, 2016}} *{{cite journal|first=Gretel|last=Kauffman|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2016/1120/White-supremacists-convene-in-celebration-of-Trump-victory|title=White supremacists convene in celebration of Trump victory|journal=[[Christian Science Monitor]]|date=November 20, 2016}}</ref> He is president of the [[National Policy Institute]] (NPI), a white supremacist [[think tank]], as well as [[Washington Summit Publishers]]. Spencer rejects the label of white supremacist and considers himself a [[white nationalist]], white [[identitarian]], and the equivalent of a "Zionist" for white people.<ref name="timesofisrael.com 17Aug2017">{{cite web | author1= T. Staff | url = https://www.timesofisrael.com/white-nationalist-richard-spencer-tells-israelis-that-jews-are-over-represented | title = White nationalist Richard Spencer tells Israelis that Jews are 'over-represented' | date = Aug 17, 2017 | language = en | website = timesofisrael.com | quotation = Alt-right leader describes himself as a 'white Zionist', saying he wants a secure homeland for 'my people' like the Jews have in Israel | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180819072148/https://www.timesofisrael.com/white-nationalist-richard-spencer-tells-israelis-that-jews-are-over-represented | archive-date = August 19, 2018 | deadurl = no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/alt-right-richard-spencer-punched-anti-donald-trump-protest-meme-pepe-the-frog-inauguration-day-a7541461.html|title=Alt-right leader Richard Spencer worries getting punched will become 'meme to end all memes'|work=[[The Independent]]|date=January 23, 2017|accessdate=February 25, 2017|author=Maya Oppenheim}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Ehrenfreund|first1=Max|title=What the alt-right really wants, according to a professor writing a book about them|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/11/21/what-the-alt-right-really-wants-according-to-a-professor-writing-a-book-about-them|accessdate=November 24, 2016|work=Washington Post|date=November 21, 2016}}</ref><ref name=RollingStone-Alt-RightSpokesman-2016>{{cite news|last1=Posner|first1=Sarah|title=Meet the Alt-Right 'Spokesman' Who's Thrilled With Trump's Rise|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/features/meet-the-alt-right-spokesman-thrilled-by-trumps-rise-w443902|work=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=October 18, 2016}}</ref> Spencer created the term "[[alt-right]]", which he considers a movement about "white identity".<ref name="SPLC-AltRight-Profile2">{{cite news|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/ideology/alternative-right|title=Alternative Right|work=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]]|accessdate=November 22, 2016}}</ref><ref name="NewYorker-Alt-RightForReal-20162">{{cite news|url=http://www.newyorker.com/news/benjamin-wallace-wells/is-the-alt-right-for-real|title=Is the Alt-Right for Real?|last1=Wallace-Wells|first1=Benjamin|date=May 5, 2016|work=[[The New Yorker]]}}</ref><ref name="NYTimes-AltRight-HeilVictory-20162">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/21/us/alt-right-salutes-donald-trump.html|title=Alt-Right Exults in Donald Trump's Election With a Salute: 'Heil Victory'|last1=Goldstein|first1=Joseph|date=November 20, 2016|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Spencer advocates white-European unity, a "peaceful ethnic cleansing" of nonwhites from America, and the creation of "white racial empire," which he believes would resemble the Roman Empire.<ref name="SPLC-RichardSpencer-Profile"/><ref name="DailyBeast-SkiResort-2014">{{cite news|last1=Kirchick|first1=James|title=A Racist's Crazy Ski Resort Smackdown|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/10/18/a-racist-s-crazy-ski-resort-imbroglio.html|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|date=October 18, 2014}}</ref><ref name="telegraph-white-nationalist">{{cite news|date=November 22, 2016|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/0/richard-spencer-white-nationalist-leading-alt-right-movement/|work=The Telegraph|title=Nazi salutes and white supremacism: Who is Richard Spencer, the 'racist academic' behind the 'Alt right' movement|author=Chris Graham}}</ref> Spencer has publicly engaged in Nazi rhetoric on many occasions, for which he has been criticized by both the political mainstream, and also by fellow white nationalists, who argue Spencer's flamboyant rhetoric marginalizes their movement.<ref>https://www.npr.org/2017/01/13/509533142/white-nationalists-enthusiasm-for-trump-cools</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/media/Why-Did-Charles-Barkley-Talk-To-Neo-Nazi-Richard-864316.php|title=Why Did Charles Barkley Talk To Neo-Nazi Richard Spencer? - SFGate|website=www.sfgate.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first1=Srividya|last1=Ramasubramanian|first2=Caitlin|last2=Miles|title=White Nationalist Rhetoric, Neoliberal Multiculturalism and Colour Blind Racism: Decolonial Critique of Richard Spencer's Campus Visit|journal=Javnost - the Public|volume=25|issue=4|date=May 23, 2018|issn=1318-3222|pages=426–440|doi=10.1080/13183222.2018.1463352}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.michigandaily.com/section/administration/university-will-not-deny-spencer-request-speak-campus|title=University moves to schedule Spencer request to speak on campus|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|accessdate=June 11, 2018|title=Texas A&M plans unity event for same time as white nationalist speech|url=http://www.star-telegram.com/news/state/texas/article117788403.html|newspaper=star-telegram}}</ref> In early 2016, Spencer was filmed giving the Nazi salute in a [[karaoke]] bar.<ref name="auto3">{{cite news|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/josephbernstein/heres-how-breitbart-and-milo-smuggled-white-nationalism|title=Alt-White: How the Breitbart Machine Laundered Racist Hate|publisher=[[Buzzfeed]]|date=October 5, 2017|first=Joseph|last=Bernstein}}</ref> In the weeks following the [[2016 U.S. presidential election]], at a National Policy Institute conference, Spencer quoted from [[Nazi propaganda]] and denounced [[Jews]].<ref name="NYTimes-AltRight-HeilVictory-20162" /> In response to his cry "Hail Trump, hail our people, hail victory!", a number of his supporters gave the [[Nazi salute]] and chanted in a similar fashion to the ''[[Nazi salute#Sieg Heil|Sieg Heil]]'' chant used at the Nazis' [[Nuremberg Rally|Nuremberg rallies]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/11/21/politics/alt-right-gathering-donald-trump/index.html|title=Alt-right leader: 'Hail Trump! Hail our people! Hail victory!'|last=Bradner|first=Eric|date=November 22, 2016|work=CNN|access-date=October 20, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/21/us/alt-right-salutes-donald-trump.html|title=Alt-Right Gathering Exults in Trump Election With Nazi-Era Salute|last=Goldstein|first=Joseph|date=November 20, 2016|work=The New York Times|access-date=October 20, 2017|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Following Trump's election to the presidency, Spencer urged his followers to "party like it's 1933," a reference to the year in which Hitler came to power in Germany.<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/lets-party-like-its-1933-inside-the-disturbing-alt-right-world-of-richard-spencer/2016/11/22/cf81dc74-aff7-11e6-840f-e3ebab6bcdd3_story.html</ref> Spencer's critics argue that his speech and conduct leads to violence, a charge that Spencer rejects. Spencer was a featured speaker at the August 2017 [[Unite the Right rally]] in [[Charlottesville, Virginia]], during which an alt-right supporter drove his car into a group of counter-protesters, killing one and injuring at least 19 others.<ref name="JohnstonSuspectIDd">Chuck Johnston, [http://www.cnn.com/2017/08/12/us/charlottesville-car-crash-suspect-idd/index.html "Charlottesville car crash suspect ID'd as 20-year-old Ohio man"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813011757/http://www.cnn.com/2017/08/12/us/charlottesville-car-crash-suspect-idd/index.html|date=August 13, 2017}}, CNN (August 12, 2017).</ref><ref name="ManCharged">{{cite news |first1=Jason |last1=Wilson |first2=Edward |last2=Helmore |first3=Jon |last3=Swaine |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/aug/12/virginia-unite-the-right-rally-protest-violence |title=Charlottesville: man charged with murder after car rams counter-protesters at far-right event |work=The Guardian |date=August 12, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813050625/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/aug/12/virginia-unite-the-right-rally-protest-violence |archivedate=August 13, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailyprogress.com/news/local/fields-faces-additional-felony-charges-related-to-aug-fatal-crash/article_7608f516-845d-11e7-986e-b73741c8b869.html|title=Fields faces 5 additional felony charges related to Aug. 12 fatal crash|newspaper=The Daily Progress|date=August 18, 2017}}</ref> Spencer denies any role or culpability in the attack, but has been sued for allegedly acting as a "gang boss" at Charlottesville and inciting the killing.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/may/24/richard-spencer-charlottesville-conspiracy-trial|title=Richard Spencer acted like gang boss, Charlottesville conspiracy trial hears|first=David|last=Smith|date=May 24, 2018|website=the Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/03/16/594199522/lawyers-sue-white-supremacists-over-charlottesville-violence|title=Lawyers Sue White Supremacists Over Charlottesville Violence|publisher=}}</ref> After three other supporters of Spencer were charged with attempted homicide following Spencer's October 2017 speech at the [[University of Florida]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsweek.com/richard-spencer-event-linked-man-charged-attempted-murder-according-planning-693941|title=A planning document for an alt-right event in Florida shows links to an attempted murder suspect|date=October 27, 2017|publisher=}}</ref> Ohio State and several other universities cancelled Spencer's appearances, describing his presence as a menace to public safety.<ref name="auto4">[http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/ohio-state-sued-refusal-white-nationalist-speak-50645877 "Ohio State sued over refusal to let white nationalist Richard Spencer speak"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023075758/http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/ohio-state-sued-refusal-white-nationalist-speak-50645877 |date=October 23, 2017}}, ''[[ABC News]]''</ref> Spencer has been accused under oath of repeatedly beating, threatening, and verbally abusing his ex-wife Nina Kouprianova, who has provided the press hours of recordings to substantiate her allegations.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/richard-spencer-wife-domestic-violence-nina-kouprianova-alt-right-russia-a8729226.html | title=Richard Spencer's wife details years of alleged domestic violence against her| date=2019-01-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.gq.com/story/richard-spencer-domestic-violence | title=Alt-Right Leader Richard Spencer Proves He's as Heinous as You Think| date=2019-01-14}}</ref> Spencer denies the allegations, and states that the ostensible threats he made to her (as recorded on the tapes) were expressions of frustration with his wife and not intended to be interpreted literally.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/richard-spencer-nina-kouprianova-divorce-abuse_us_5c2fc90ee4b0d75a9830ab69 | title=You Should Care That Richard Spencer's Wife Says He Abused Her| newspaper=Huffington Post| date=2019-01-13| last1=Lenz| first1=Lyz}}</ref> The majority of European nations, including the entire [[Schengen Area]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/07/12/u-k-s-next-leader-banned-a-prominent-white-nationalist-from-visiting/|title=U.K.'s next leader banned a prominent white nationalist from visiting|first=David|last=Weigel|date=July 12, 2016|publisher=|access-date=November 23, 2017|via=www.WashingtonPost.com}}</ref> and nations with nationalist governments,<ref name="The Bumbling Bigots of Budapest">{{cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2014/10/13/the-bumbling-bigots-of-budapest/|title=The Bumbling Bigots of Budapest|publisher=}}</ref> have banned Spencer and condemned his [[White race|"racial European"]] message and call for a "white racial empire".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-29503378|title=Far right holds secret congress in Hungary|first=Nick|last=Thorpe|date=October 7, 2014|publisher=|via=www.bbc.com|work=BBC News}}</ref> While promoting his message in a controversial speaking tour in [[Hungary]], Spencer was mocked by the Hungarian newspaper ''[[Népszabadság]]'' for his call for "a white empire", through a revival of the Roman Empire, and for his claim to be a "racial European", ideas that the newspaper called contrived and without any basis in [[European history]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nol.hu/belfold/ez-politikai-uldoztetes-1490215|title=Itt vannak a fajvédők, de a Jobbikot nem szeretik|first=Szőcs|last=László|date=October 3, 2014|publisher=}}</ref> In the aftermath of the controversy, Hungarian Prime Minister [[Viktor Orbán]] pressed through legislative measures which banned and condemned Spencer.<ref name="The Bumbling Bigots of Budapest"/> The government of Poland has also banned and condemned Spencer,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/richard-spencer-ban-european-countries-alt-right-white-supremacist-neo-nazi-eu-a8071971.html|title=Neo-Nazi Richard Spencer 'banned from 26 European countries'|publisher=|date=2017-11-23}}</ref> citing Spencer's Nazi rhetoric and the Nazis' [[Nazi crimes against the Polish nation|genocide of Slavic "Untermenschen"]] during [[World War II]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/27/poland-to-richard-spencer-keep-out|title=Poland to Richard Spencer: keep out|first=Associated Press in|last=Warsaw|date=October 27, 2017|website=the Guardian}}</ref> In July 2018, Spencer was detained at [[Keflavik Airport]] in [[Reykjavík]], [[Iceland]] en route to [[Sweden]] and was ordered by Polish officials to return to the United States; the successful effort of the [[Poles]] to ban Spencer from other parts of Europe arises from the [[Schengen agreement]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://thinkprogress.org/richard-spencer-is-effectively-barred-from-europe-30b18131d272|work=[[ThinkProgress]]|title=Richard Spencer learns about strong borders, barred from European travel|first=Casey|last=Michel|date=July 5, 2018|accessdate=July 8, 2018}}</ref> K U N T ==Activities== From March to December 2007, Spencer was assistant editor at ''[[The American Conservative]]'' magazine. According to founding editor [[Scott McConnell]], Spencer was fired from ''The American Conservative'' because his views were considered too extreme.<ref name=MotherJones-Profile-2016/> From January 2008 to December 2009, he was executive editor of ''[[Taki's Magazine]]''.<ref name=SPLC-RichardSpencer-Profile>{{cite news|title=Alternative Right|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual/richard-bertrand-spencer-0|accessdate=November 22, 2016|work=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]]}}</ref> In March 2010, Spencer founded AlternativeRight.com, a website he edited until 2012. He has stated that he created the term [[alt-right]].<ref name="NYTimes-AltRight-HeilVictory-20162" /> In January 2011, Spencer became executive director of [[Washington Summit Publishers]].<ref name="DailyBeast-SkiResort-2014"/> In 2012, Spencer founded ''Radix Journal'' as a biannual publication of Washington Summit Publishers.<ref name="SPLC-RichardSpencer-Profile" /> Contributions have included articles by [[Kevin B. MacDonald]], [[Alex Kurtagić]], and [[Samuel T. Francis]].<ref>[http://www.radixjournal.com/books/the-great-erasure The Great Erasure] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202160322/http://www.radixjournal.com/books/the-great-erasure |date=February 2, 2017}} (Radix Journal)</ref> He also hosts a weekly podcast, Vanguard Radio. In January 2011, Spencer also became president and director of the [[National Policy Institute]] (NPI), a think tank previously based in Virginia and Montana.<ref name=OnePeoplesProject-WhitefishBuilding-2014>{{cite news|last1=OPP HQ|title=A New Building Goes Up in Montana – Courtesy of White Supremacist Dick Spencer|url=http://onepeoplesproject.com/index.php/en/archive/88-the-so-called-qalt-rightq/1500-a-new-building-goes-up-in-montana-courtesy-of-white-supremacist-dick-spencer|work=[[One People's Project]]|date=November 23, 2014|location=Whitefish, MT|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122153751/http://onepeoplesproject.com/index.php/en/archive/88-the-so-called-qalt-rightq/1500-a-new-building-goes-up-in-montana-courtesy-of-white-supremacist-dick-spencer|archivedate=November 22, 2016}}</ref> George Hawley, an assistant professor of political science at the [[University of Alabama]], has described NPI as "rather obscure and marginalized" until Spencer became its president.<ref name="makingsense5859">{{cite book|last1=Hawley|first1=George|title=Making Sense of the Alt-Right|date=2017|publisher=Columbia University Press|location=New York|isbn=9780231185127|page=59|oclc=987742156|quote=Despite the innocuous name, NPI has since its inception been a white-nationalist organization. The organization was rather obscure and marginalized until Spencer was chosen as its new president in 2011, at which point Alternative Right became an NPI initiative.}}</ref> In 2014, Spencer was deported from [[Budapest]], Hungary, (and, because of the [[Schengen Agreement]], banned from 26 countries in Europe for three years) after trying to organize the National Policy Institute Conference, a conference for white nationalists.<ref name=Slate-WhiteFlight-BudapestConference-2014>{{cite news|last1=Gelin|first1=Martin|title=White Flight: America's white supremacists are ignored at home. So they are looking to start over with a little help from Europe's far right|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/foreigners/2014/11/jared_taylor_richard_spencer_and_american_white_supremacists_in_europe_why.html|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|date=November 13, 2014|location=Budapest, Hungary}}</ref><ref name=HungarianGovt-BansRacistConference-2014>{{cite news|last1=Pintér|first1=Sándor|title=Minister of Interior bans racist conference|url=http://www.kormany.hu/en/ministry-of-interior/news/minister-of-interior-bans-racist-conference|publisher=Website of the Hungarian Government|date=September 29, 2014}}</ref> On January 15, 2017, Spencer launched ''AltRight.com'', another commentary website for alt-right members.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.adl.org/anti-semitism/alt-right-moving-from-online-to-real-world-activity|title=Alt Right Moving From Online to Real-World Activity|website=blog.adl.org|access-date=February 22, 2017}}</ref> According to Spencer, the site is a [[Populism|populist]] and [[big tent]] site for members of the alt-right.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/25/alt-right-movement-doxxing-richard-spencer-interview|title=The weakening of the 'alt-right': how infighting and doxxing are taking a toll|last=Wilson|first=Jason|date=January 25, 2017|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=February 22, 2017|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Swedish publisher [[Daniel Friberg]] of [[Arktos Media]] is co-founder and European editor of the site.<ref name="Porter-IBT">{{cite news|last1=Porter|first1=Tom|title=Meet Daniel Friberg, the Swedish mining tycoon bankrolling the alt-right's global media empire|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/meet-swedish-mining-tycoon-bankrolling-alt-rights-global-media-empire-1608221|work=[[International Business Times UK]]|date=March 3, 2017|language=en}}</ref> The [[Southern Poverty Law Center]] describes the common thread among contributors as [[anti-Semitism]], rather than white nationalism or white supremacism in general.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://forward.com/fast-forward/360401/richard-spencer-and-white-supremacists-aim-for-bigger-platform-with-altrigh/|title=Richard Spencer and White Supremacists Aim for Bigger Platform With 'AltRight.com'|newspaper=The Forward|access-date=February 21, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2017/01/17/richard-spencer-launches-alt-right-website-martin-luther-king-jrs-birthday|title=Richard Spencer Launches 'Alt-Right' Website on Martin Luther King, Jr.'s, Birthday|newspaper=Southern Poverty Law Center|access-date=February 21, 2017|language=en}}</ref> &nbsp;Notable contributors on AltRight.com include Henrik Palmgren and [[Jared Taylor]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/arrests-made-as-protesters-clash-at-pro-trump-rally-in-berkeley/ar-BBzSqR9|title=Arrests made as protesters clash at pro-Trump rally in Berkeley|website=www.msn.com|access-date=May 24, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519094622/http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/arrests-made-as-protesters-clash-at-pro-trump-rally-in-berkeley/ar-BBzSqR9|archive-date=May 19, 2017|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/a/2a8xl/sa-vill-de-bygga-en-ny-vit-elit/promo|title=Så vill Richard, 38, bygga en ny vit elit|work=Aftonbladet|access-date=May 24, 2017}}</ref> [[File:white supremacists clash with police (36421659232).jpg|thumb|White nationalist protesters clash with police during the [[Unite the Right rally]] in Charlottesville, Virginia]] On February 23, 2017, Spencer was removed from the [[Conservative Political Action Conference]] where he was giving statements to the press. A CPAC spokesman said he was removed from the event because other members found him "repugnant".<ref name="Bobic">{{cite news|last1=Bobic|first1=Igor|title=White Nationalist Richard Spencer Booted Out Of CPAC|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/richard-spencer-cpac_us_58af15c4e4b0780bac27263b?c9s4ya6r9ssq3erk9&|accessdate=February 24, 2017|publisher=Huffington Post|date=February 23, 2017}}</ref> On May 13, 2017, Spencer led a torch-lit protest in [[Charlottesville, Virginia]], against the vote of the city council to remove [[Robert Edward Lee (sculpture)|a statue of Robert E. Lee]], the commander of the [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] [[Army of Northern Virginia]] during the [[American Civil War]].<ref name="auto">{{cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/charlottesville-protest-richard-spender-kkk-robert-e-lee-statue/|title=Mayor: Torch-lit protest in Charlottesville, Va. "harkens back to the days of the KKK"|accessdate=May 15, 2017|language=en}}</ref> Spencer led the crowd in chants of "You will not replace us" and "[[Blood and soil]]".<ref name="Mayor">{{cite news|last=Hayden|first=Michael Edison|date=May 14, 2017|title=Mayor of Charlottesville calls pro-Confederate rallies 'horrific'|url=http://abcnews.go.com/US/mayor-charlottesville-calls-pro-confederate-rallies-horrific/story?id=47404820|work=ABC News|location=Charlottesville, Virginia|accessdate=May 15, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/alt-rights-richard-spencer-leads-torch-bearing-protesters-defending-lee-statue/2017/05/14/766aaa56-38ac-11e7-9e48-c4f199710b69_story.html|title=White nationalist Richard Spencer leads torch-bearing protesters defending Lee statue|website=Washington Post|accessdate=May 15, 2017}}</ref> [[Michael Signer]], the mayor of Charlottesville, called the protest "horrific", and stated that it was either "profoundly ignorant" or intended to instill fear among minorities "in a way that hearkens back to the days of the KKK".<ref name="Mayor" /><ref name="auto"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/05/14/528363829/richard-spencer-leads-group-protesting-sale-of-confederate-statue|title=Richard Spencer Leads Group Protesting Sale Of Confederate Statue|work=NPR.org|accessdate=May 15, 2017|language=en}}</ref> In August 2017, Spencer was listed on posters promoting the Charlottesville, Virginia, [[Unite the Right rally]], which devolved into a notorious and violent confrontation.<ref name=nbcadl>[http://www.nbc29.com/story/35966208/adl-lists-kessler-other-unite-the-right-speakers-as-white-supremacists nbc29.com: "ADL Lists Kessler, Other 'Unite The Right' Speakers as White Supremacists"], July 25, 2017</ref> In November 2017, [[Twitter]] removed from Spencer's account the blue check mark that, reported ''[[The Washington Post]]'', "the company gives to prominent accounts to help readers ensure they are authentic". Spencer told ''The Post'' he was worried this would lead to Twitter banning people like him.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Rosenberg|first1=Eli|title=Twitter was slammed for verifying a white nationalist. It just took away his blue check mark.|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2017/11/15/twitter-unverifies-prominent-white-nationalists-saying-check-marks-were-not-meant-as-endorsements/|website=The Washington Post|publisher=The Washington Post|accessdate=November 18, 2017}}</ref> He later joined the social network [[Gab (social network)|Gab]].<ref name=":2" /> ===Public speaking=== Spencer was invited to speak at [[Vanderbilt University]] in 2010 and [[Providence College]] in 2011 by [[Youth for Western Civilization]].<ref name="adlasymbolofthenewwhitesupremacy">{{cite web|title=Richard Spencer: A Symbol Of The New White Supremacy|url=https://www.adl.org/blog/richard-spencer-a-symbol-of-the-new-white-supremacy?_ga=2.52800234.356434171.1503091964-1785774701.1503091964|website=Anti-Defamation League|accessdate=August 20, 2017|date=May 14, 2013|quote=In 2010 and 2011, leaders of the now defunct racist student group, Youth for Western Civilization, invited Spencer to speak at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and Providence College in Rhode Island.}}</ref><ref name="huffingtonpostliebelsonmanwhoheld">{{cite news|last1=Liebelson|first1=Dana|title=Man Who Held 'Better To Grab A P***y Than To Be One' Sign At Pro-Trump Rally Has Ties To White Nationalists|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/donald-trump-white-nationalists_us_580129dde4b06e047594bc5f|accessdate=August 20, 2017|work=The Huffington Post|date=October 15, 2016|quote=In 2010, Saucier's group invited Richard Spencer, a white nationalist who has since become a prominent member of the pro-Trump "alt-Right", to speak.}}</ref> [[File:NPI Press Conference.webm|thumb|Short clip of Spencer speaking in November 2016]] During a speech Spencer gave in mid-November 2016 at an alt-right conference attended by approximately 200 people in Washington, D.C., Spencer quoted [[Propaganda in Nazi Germany|Nazi propaganda]] in the original German and denounced [[Jews]].<ref name="NYTimes-AltRight-HeilVictory-20162" /> Audience members cheered and made the [[Nazi salute]] when he said, "Hail Trump, hail our people, hail victory!"<ref name="NYTimes-AltRight-HeilVictory-20162" /><ref name=Atlantic-HailTrump-ConferenceVideo-2016>{{cite news |last1=Lombroso |first1=Daniel |last2=Appelbaum|first2=Yoni|title='Hail Trump!': White Nationalists Salute the President-Elect |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/11/richard-spencer-speech-npi/508379/|work=[[The Atlantic]]|date=November 21, 2016|format=Includes excerpted video|accessdate=January 23, 2017}}</ref> and extended his right arm with a glass to toast that victory.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/libertarians-clash-with-richard-spencer-in-dc/article/2615263|title=Libertarians clash with Richard Spencer in DC|date=February 18, 2017|publisher=Washington Examiner|author=Chaitin, Daniel}}</ref> Spencer later defended their conduct, stating that the Nazi salute was given in a spirit of "irony and exuberance".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/white-nationalist|title=Nazi salutes 'done in a spirit of irony and exuberance', alt-right leader says|last=Barajas|first=Joshua|newspaper=PBS NewsHour|accessdate=November 25, 2016}}</ref> It was later revealed that Spencer had made the Nazi salute at a karaoke bar in April 2016.<ref name="auto3"/> Groups and events Spencer has spoken to include the [[Property and Freedom Society]],<ref>Southern Poverty Law Center, [https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2016/06/09/paypal-co-founder-peter-thiel-address-white-nationalist-friendly-%E2%80%9Cproperty-and-freedom "PayPal Co-Founder Peter Thiel to Address White Nationalist-Friendly "Property and Freedom Society" Conference in September]", June 9, 2016.</ref> the [[American Renaissance (magazine)|American Renaissance]] conference,<ref name=AmericanRenaissanceConf-Speech-2013>{{cite news|last1=Spencer|first1=Richard|title=American Renaissance Conference: Facing the Future as a Minority|url=http://www.npiamerica.org/the-national-policy-institute/blog/facing-the-future-as-a-minority|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140105043334/http://www.npiamerica.org/the-national-policy-institute/blog/facing-the-future-as-a-minority|dead-url=yes|archive-date=January 5, 2014|work=[[National Policy Institute|The National Policy Institute]]|date=April 5, 2013}}</ref> and the [[H. L. Mencken|HL Mencken]] Club.<ref name=MenckenClub-Opener-2013>{{cite news|last1=Spencer|first1=Richard|title=Richard Spencer kicks off the Fourth Annual HLMC Meeting|url=http://hlmenckenclub.org/2011-conference-audio/2013/5/6/richard-spencer-kicks-off-the-fourth-annual-hlmc-meeting|work=The Mencken Club|date=May 6, 2013}}</ref> In November 2016, an online petition to prevent Spencer from speaking at [[Texas A&M University]] on December 6, 2016, was signed by thousands of students, employees, and alumni.<ref name="chroniclerichardspencertour">{{cite news|last1=Mangan|first1=Katherine|title=Richard Spencer, White Supremacist, Describes Goals of His 'Danger Tour' to College Campuses|url=http://www.chronicle.com/article/White-Supremacist-Describes/238515|accessdate=November 29, 2016|work=The Chronicle of Higher Education|date=November 28, 2016}}</ref> A protest and a university-organized counter-event were held to coincide with Spencer's event.<ref name="insideprotestsgreetwhitesupre">{{cite news|last1=Jaschik|first1=Scott|title=Protests Greet White Supremacist at Texas A&M|url=https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2016/12/07/protests-greet-white-supremacist-texas-am|accessdate=December 8, 2016|work=Inside Higher Ed|date=December 7, 2016}}</ref> On January 20, 2017, Spencer attended the [[inauguration of Donald Trump]]. As he was giving an impromptu interview on a nearby street afterwards, a masked man punched Spencer in the face, then fled.<ref>{{cite news|title=Watch White Nationalist Richard Spencer Get Punched|url=http://time.com/4642117/richard-spencer-punched-white-nationalist-nazi-trump-inauguration|accessdate=January 21, 2017|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=January 20, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/20/politics/white-nationalist-richard-spencer-punched/index.html|title=White nationalist Richard Spencer punched during interview|last=Murphy|first=Paul P.|publisher=CNN|access-date=January 21, 2017}}</ref> A video of the incident was posted online, leading to divergent views on whether the attack was appropriate.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/21/us/politics/richard-spencer-punched-attack.html?_r=0|title=Attack on Alt-Right Leader Has Internet Asking: Is It O.K. to Punch a Nazi?|last=Stack|first=Liam|work=New York Times|accessdate=January 22, 2017}}</ref> Shortly after the violent [[Unite the Right rally]] in [[Charlottesville, Virginia]], in August 2017, the [[University of Florida]] denied Spencer's request for a September 2017 speaking opportunity, citing public safety grounds after opposition from students and locals of [[Gainesville, Florida]].<ref name="gainesvillesun">{{cite web|last1=Strange|first1=Deborah|title=UF denies white nationalist Richard Spencer a campus platform|url=http://www.gainesville.com/news/20170816/uf-denies-white-nationalist-richard-spencer-campus-platform|website=[[The Gainesville Sun]]|accessdate=August 18, 2017|date=August 16, 2017}}</ref> Due to safety reasons, he was also denied speaking requests at [[Louisiana State University]] and [[Michigan State University]] in August 2017.<ref name="insidehigheredmichiganstatelsureject">{{cite news|last1=Jaschik|first1=Scott|title=Michigan State, LSU Reject Supremacist Speaker|url=https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2017/08/18/michigan-state-lsu-reject-supremacist-speaker?|accessdate=August 18, 2017|work=Inside Higher Ed|date=August 18, 2017}}</ref><ref name="theadvocatewhitenationalistnotwelcome">{{cite news|last1=Ballard|first1=Mark|title=White nationalist Richard Spencer is 'not welcome' on LSU campus, university president says|url=http://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/politics/article_5351036e-8391-11e7-ac47-1baae973bbe1.html|accessdate=August 18, 2017|work=The Advocate|date=August 17, 2017}}</ref> In September 2017, Cameron Padgett, who tried to book Spencer, sued MSU; he was represented by Kyle Bristow, an MSU alumnus.<ref name="insidehigheredrichardspencersgroupsues">{{cite news|last1=Roll|first1=Nick|title=Richard Spencer's Group Sues Michigan State U|url=https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2017/09/05/richard-spencer%E2%80%99s-group-sues-michigan-state-u?|accessdate=September 6, 2017|work=Inside Higher Ed|date=September 5, 2017}}</ref><ref name="detroitfreepressmsusuedbyricharspencer">{{cite news|last1=Jesse|first1=David|title=MSU sued by Richard Spencer's white supremacist group for refusing space on campus|url=http://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/2017/09/03/msu-sued-richard-spencers-white-supremacist-group-refusing-space-campus/630355001/|accessdate=September 6, 2017|work=Detroit Free Press|date=September 3, 2017}}</ref> On August 16, during a television interview with Israeli [[Channel 2 (Israel)|Channel 2]] anchor [[Danny Kushmaro]], Spencer claimed that "Jews are vastly over-represented in... 'the establishment', that is, [[Ivy League]] educated people who really determine policy".<ref name="timesofisrael.com 17Aug2017" /> Inspired by Israel's example as an [[Basic Law: Israel as the Nation-State of the Jewish People|exclusionary ethnic state]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Thrall |first1=Nathan |title=BDS: how a controversial non-violent movement has transformed the Israeli-Palestinian debate |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/aug/14/bds-boycott-divestment-sanctions-movement-transformed-israeli-palestinian-debate |work=The Guardian |date=14 August 2018}}</ref> he described his political position as "a white [[Zionist]]", as he wants white people "to have a secure homeland for us and ourselves".<ref name="timesofisrael.com 17Aug2017"/> ===Speech at University of Florida=== After the University of Florida's August 2017 denial of Spencer's request to speak the following month, Floridian lawyer Gary Edinger threatened to sue the university for violating the [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution|First Amendment]] by prohibiting Spencer from speaking despite being a publicly funded institution. The university subsequently reached an agreement with Edinger allowing Spencer to speak on October 19, 2017.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/17/us/florida-richard-spencer.html|title=University of Florida Braces for Richard Spencer|last=Hartocollis|first=Anemona|date=October 17, 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=October 20, 2017|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Florida Governor [[Rick Scott]] declared a [[state of emergency]] for [[Alachua County, Florida|Alachua County]] on October 16, saying: "I find that the threat of a potential emergency is imminent" as a result of Spencer's appearance.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/10/17/558294630/floridas-governor-declares-state-of-emergency-ahead-of-richard-spencer-speech|title=Florida's Governor Declares State Of Emergency Ahead Of Richard Spencer Speech|last=Wamsley|first=Laurel|date=October 17, 2017|work=NPR|access-date=October 20, 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/10/16/florida-governor-declares-state-of-emergency-in-advance-of-richard-spencer-event/|title=Florida governor declares state of emergency in advance of Richard Spencer event|last=Rozsa|first=Lori|date=October 16, 2017|work=The Washington Post|access-date=October 20, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016235051/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/10/16/florida-governor-declares-state-of-emergency-in-advance-of-richard-spencer-event/|archive-date=October 16, 2017|dead-url=yes|last2=Svrugla|first2=Susan}}</ref> On October 19, 2017, Spencer spoke at the [[Curtis M. Phillips Center for the Performing Arts]] on university grounds. In addition to Spencer, the speakers included Eli Mosley of [[Identity Evropa]], a white supremacist group from California, and [[Mike Enoch]], a white nationalist blogger.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wfla.com/2017/10/19/richard-spencer-drowned-out-by-boos-at-uf-speech-call-for-firing-of-white-professors/|title=WATCH: Richard Spencer gets drowned out by boos at UF speech|date=October 19, 2017|publisher=}}</ref><ref>[https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2017/10/19/richard-spencer-shouted-down-university-florida-speech/781966001/ "'Go home, racist!' Richard Spencer shouted down at University of Florida speech"], ''[[USA Today]]''</ref> The event's security costs reportedly amounted to an estimated $600,000.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/19/richard-spencer-protest-university-florida-speech-white-supremacist "White supremacist Richard Spencer faces barrage of protest at Florida speech"], ''[[The Guardian]]"</ref> It drew about 2,500 protestors, vastly outnumbering Spencer's supporters.<ref>[http://www.newsweek.com/richard-spencer-shouted-down-florida-cuts-his-speech-short-689182 "Richard Spencer Shouted Down in Florida, Cuts his Speech Short"], ''[[Newsweek]]''</ref><ref name="auto1">[http://www.gainesville.com/news/20171020/behind-scenes-logistics-at-protest-let-officers-control-chaos "Behind-scenes logistics at protest let officers control chaos"], ''[[The Gainesville Sun]]''</ref> The speech, which was Spencer's first public appearance after the Charlottesville rally, was disrupted by loud protests.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/356303-richard-spencer-speech-in-florida-ends-amid-protests|title=White nationalist Richard Spencer speech ends amid protests|last=Shelbourne|first=Mallory|date=October 19, 2017|work=The Hill|access-date=October 20, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/10/18/uf/|title='Go home, Spencer!' Protesters disrupt white nationalist's speech at the University of Florida|last=Heim|first=Joe|last2=Rozsa|first2=Lori|date=October 19, 2017|website=The Washington Post|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103135157/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2017/10/18/uf/|archive-date=November 3, 2017|dead-url=yes|access-date=October 20, 2017|last3=Hauslohner|first3=Abigail|last4=Svrluga|first4=Susan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/protesters-decry-nazi-hate-outside-white-nationalist-talk/|title=White nationalist Spencer drowned out by protesters|last=Dearen|first=Jason|date=October 19, 2017|work=The Seattle Times|access-date=October 20, 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> When drowned out by chants from the audience, he grew visibly frustrated, stating that the protestors were interfering with his freedom of speech. He added: "You are all engaged in what's known as the [[heckler's veto]]." According to [[Clay Calvert]], director of the Marion B. Brechner First Amendment Project at the [[University of Florida College of Journalism and Communications]], non-violent protesting, booing and suggesting that the speaker leave was not a [[Heckler's veto#Law|heckler's veto in law]]. The speech and the concurrent protests were largely peaceful.<ref name="auto1"/><ref>[https://www.news-press.com/story/news/2017/10/19/richard-spencer-uf-speech-live-coverage/778346001/ "Richard Spencer UF speech"], ''[[The News-Press]]''</ref> Later that day, three of Spencer's supporters were arrested on felony charges following an alleged discharge of a firearm, directed at protestors leaving the event. The three suspects were residents of Texas who had travelled to Florida to hear Spencer speak. According to the [[Gainesville Police Department]], they had shouted "Hail Hitler" and gave Nazi salutes immediately before the alleged attack. Authorities said that two of the suspects had known links to extremist groups.<ref>[http://time.com/4991724/richard-spencer-speech-shooting/ "3 Men Arrested After Shooting at Richard Spencer's University of Florida Speech"], ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''</ref> The men had participated in the August 2017 [[Unite the Right rally]], where Spencer had been scheduled to speak.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thinkprogress.org/white-supremacist-richard-spencer-arrested-74f10096a721/|title=White supremacist supporters of Richard Spencer open fire on counter-protesters|publisher=}}</ref><ref>[https://www.adl.org/blog/three-texas-men-arrested-following-richard-spencers-university-speech "Three Texas Men Arrested Following Richard Spencer's University Speech"], [[Anti-Defamation League]] blog</ref> All three were charged with attempted homicide.<ref>Deborah Strange, [http://www.gainesville.com/zz/news/20171020/three-supporters-of-white-nationalist-richard-spencer-arrested-after-shot-fired-at-florida-venue Three supporters of white nationalist Richard Spencer arrested after shot fired at Florida venue], ''Gainesville Sun'' (October 20, 2017).</ref> In the aftermath of the October 19 events, [[Ohio State University]] declined Spencer's request to allow him to speak on campus, citing "substantial risk to public safety". In response, a lawyer representing Spencer's associate and organizer of his speaking tour filed a lawsuit against the university.<ref name="auto4"/> ===Montana=== In 2013, a dispute with [[Neoconservatism|neoconservative]] lobbyist [[Randy Scheunemann]] at [[Whitefish Mountain Resort]] in [[Montana]] drew public attention to Spencer and his political views.<ref name=WhitefishPilot-FightAtResort-2014>{{cite news|last1=Baldwin|first1=Matt|title=Fight at Whitefish Mountain resort gets national spotlight|url=http://www.thewesternnews.com/news/article_2fa45974-74db-11e4-954f-13a960769a61.html|work=Whitefish Pilot|date=November 25, 2014}}</ref> The National Policy Institute think tank, AlternativeRight.com, and [[Radix Journal]] all use the same mailing address in [[Whitefish, Montana]].<ref name=MissoulaIndependent-NPI-2013>{{cite news|last1=Sakariassen|first1=Alex|title=Rachel Maddow calls out white "nationalist" nonprofit in Flathead|url=http://missoulanews.bigskypress.com/IndyBlog/archives/2013/05/13/rachel-maddow-calls-out-white-nationalist-nonprofit-in-flathead|work=[[Missoula Independent]]|date=May 13, 2013|quote=Segment, "Our People", starts at 2:13|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122155048/http://missoulanews.bigskypress.com/IndyBlog/archives/2013/05/13/rachel-maddow-calls-out-white-nationalist-nonprofit-in-flathead|archivedate=November 22, 2016}}</ref> In 2014, a pro-tolerance group affiliated with the Montana Human Rights Network rallied against Spencer's residency in Whitefish. In response, the city council approved a non-discrimination resolution.<ref name=WhitefishPilot-Resolution-LoveLivesHere-2014>{{cite news|last1=Desch|first1=Heidi|title=Council takes stand in support of diversity|url=http://www.whitefishpilot.com/news/article_845ce4d0-7a68-11e4-b5d7-131433998d22.html|work=Whitefish Pilot|date=December 2, 2014}}</ref> In December 2016, Republican Representative [[Ryan Zinke]], Republican Senator [[Steve Daines]], Democratic Senator [[Jon Tester]], Democratic Governor [[Steve Bullock (Montana politician)|Steve Bullock]] and Republican Attorney General [[Tim Fox (politician)|Tim Fox]] condemned a neo-Nazi march that had been planned for January 2017.<ref name="forwardcoffmanmontanalawmakers">{{cite news|last1=Coffman|first1=Keith|last2=Johnson|first2=Eric M.|title=Montana Lawmakers Unite To Denounce Neo-Nazi Rally Plans|url=http://forward.com/news/breaking-news/358511/montana-lawmakers-unite-to-denounce-neo-nazi-rally-plans/|accessdate=December 29, 2016|work=Forward|date=December 27, 2016}}</ref> The community of Whitefish organized in opposition to the event, and the march never occurred.<ref name="Beckett">{{cite web|last1=Beckett|first1=Lois|title=How Richard Spencer's home town weathered a neo-Nazi 'troll storm'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/05/richard-spencer-whitefish-neo-nazi-march|website=The Guardian|accessdate=July 11, 2017|date=February 5, 2017}}</ref> Also in December 2016, Spencer announced he was considering an independent run for [[Montana's at-large congressional district]] in the [[Montana's at-large congressional district special election, 2017|2017 special election]], although he ultimately did not enter the race.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-pol-richard-spencer-congress-20161220-story.html|title=White nationalist Richard Spencer considers a run for Montana congressional seat|author=Lee, Kurtis|newspaper=[[The Los Angeles Times]]|date=December 20, 2016|accessdate=January 25, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2016/12/16/white-nationalist-richard-spencer-considering-running-for-congress.html|title=White nationalist Richard Spencer considering running for Congress|author=Vielma, Antonio José|publisher=[[CNBC]]|date=December 16, 2016|accessdate=January 25, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/politics/2016/12/20/white-nationalist-richard-spencer-seriously-considering-run-congress-montana-seatvacated|title=White nationalist Richard Spencer 'seriously considering' run for Congress if Montana seat vacated|author=Downs, Caleb|newspaper=[[The Dallas Morning News]]|date=December 20, 2016|accessdate=January 25, 2018}}</ref> ==Views== ===White identity=== Spencer believes in white pride and the unification of a pan-European "[[white race]]" in a "potential racial empire" resembling the Roman Empire.<ref name="motherjones.com"/><ref name="usatoday.com"/><ref name="archive.org"/> In an interview with CNN, he was criticized for an apparent inconsistency or lack of clarity in his definition of white, with his interviewer noting that Spencer defined Syrians as white in the context of [[Steve Jobs]]'s role in developing the iPhone, but described them as a non-white presence in Europe in the context of the [[Syrian refugee crisis]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1612/06/cnnt.02.html|title=CNN.com - Transcripts|website=transcripts.cnn.com}}</ref> In 2013, the [[Anti-Defamation League]] called Spencer a "leader" in white supremacist circles, and said that after leaving ''The American Conservative'', he rejected [[conservatism in the United States|conservatism]], because he believed its adherents "can't or won't represent explicitly white interests".<ref name="ADL-RichardSpencer-2013">{{cite news|title=Richard Spencer: A Symbol Of The New White Supremacy|url=http://blog.adl.org/extremism/richard-spencer-a-symbol-of-the-new-white-supremacy|work=[[Anti-Defamation League]]|date=May 14, 2013}}</ref> In one interview in which he was asked if he would condemn the [[Ku Klux Klan]] and [[Adolf Hitler]], he refused by saying: "I'm not going to play this game", while stating that Hitler had "done things that I think are despicable", without elaborating on which things he was referring to.<ref name="dailywirebandler5thingstoknowabout">{{cite news|last1=Bandler|first1=Aaron|title=5 Things To Know About Alt-Right Leader Richard Spencer|url=http://www.dailywire.com/news/11089/5-things-know-about-alt-right-leader-richard-aaron-bandler|accessdate=March 14, 2017|work=The Daily Wire|date=November 25, 2016|quote="Hitler is a historical figure", he said. "He's done things that I think are despicable. I'm not going to play this game."}}</ref> Spencer also admires [[George Lincoln Rockwell]], the founder of the [[American Nazi Party]], for using "shock [as] a positive means to an end".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Miller|first1=Michael E.|title=The shadow of an assassinated American Nazi commander hangs over Charlottesville|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2017/08/21/the-shadow-of-an-assassinated-american-nazi-commander-hangs-over-charlottesville/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.b6d5b5ac3c11|accessdate=August 21, 2017|work=The Washington Post|date=December 16, 2018}}</ref> In a 2016 interview for ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine, Spencer said he rejected white supremacy and the slavery of nonwhites, preferring to establish America as a [[white ethnostate]].<ref name="Time-BillionaireBigots-2016">{{cite news|last1=Altman|first1=Alex|title=The Billionaire and the Bigots: How Donald Trump's Campaign Brought White Nationalists Out of the Shadows|url=http://time.com/4293564/the-billionaire-and-the-bigots|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=April 14, 2016|subscription=yes}}</ref> He also advocates the creation of a [[white ethnostate]] in Europe that would be open to all "racial Europeans".<ref name="FlatheadBeacon-WhoIs-2014" /><ref name="auto2">{{cite web|last1=Spencer|first1=Richard B.|title=Facing the Future As a Minority|url=http://www.radixjournal.com/journal/2016/9/28/facing-the-future-as-a-minority|website=Radix Journal|accessdate=March 11, 2017|date=September 28, 2016|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312063115/http://www.radixjournal.com/journal/2016/9/28/facing-the-future-as-a-minority|archivedate=March 12, 2017}}</ref><ref name="motherjones.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2016/10/richard-spencer-trump-alt-right-white-nationalist/|title=Meet the white nationalist trying to ride the Trump train to lasting power|publisher=}}</ref><ref name="usatoday.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2017/10/19/richard-spencer-speaks-uf-today-who-he/779206001/|title=Richard Spencer speaks at University of Florida today. Who is he?|publisher=}}</ref><ref name="archive.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.radixjournal.com/blog/2016/5/25/make-europe-great-again|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312063232/http://www.radixjournal.com/blog/2016/5/25/make-europe-great-again|dead-url=yes|archive-date=March 12, 2017|title="Euro-Skepticism" Skepticism|date=March 12, 2017|publisher=}}</ref> Some commentators see Spencer and other white nationalists as appropriating some elements of [[socialist]] rhetoric to critique a "notion of capitalism centred on stereotypes of Jews" <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/20/socialism-neoliberal-capitalism-far-right|title=Socialism, fascist-style: hostility to capitalism plus extreme racism|last=Wilson|first=Jason|date=2017-08-20|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2018-10-26}}</ref> ===Criticism of ethno-nationalism, support for white racial empire=== According to the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]], Spencer has advocated for a white homeland for a "dispossessed white race", and called for "peaceful ethnic cleansing" to halt the "deconstruction" of what he describes as "white culture".<ref name="SPLC-RichardSpencer-Profile" /><ref name="DailyBeast-SkiResort-2014"/><ref name="telegraph-white-nationalist"/> To this end he has supported what he has called "the creation of a White Ethno-State on the North American continent", an "ideal" that he has regarded as a "reconstitution of the [[Roman Empire]]".<ref name="FlatheadBeacon-WhoIs-2014" /><ref name="auto2"/> Prior to the [[United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, 2016|UK vote to leave]] the [[EU]], Spencer expressed support for the multi-national bloc "as a [[Pan-European nationalism|potential racial empire]]" and an alternative to "American hegemony", stating that he has "always been highly skeptical of so-called '[[Euroscepticism|Euro-Skeptics]]'".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Spencer|first1=Richard B.|title="Euro-Skepticism" Skepticism|url=http://www.radixjournal.com/blog/2016/5/25/make-europe-great-again|website=Radix Journal|accessdate=March 11, 2017|date=May 25, 2016|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312063232/http://www.radixjournal.com/blog/2016/5/25/make-europe-great-again|archivedate=March 12, 2017}}</ref> ===Donald Trump=== Spencer supported [[Donald Trump]] in the [[United States presidential election, 2016|2016 presidential election]] and called Trump's election "the victory of will", a phrase evoking the title of [[Leni Riefenstahl]]'s ''[[Triumph of the Will]]'' (1935), a Nazi-era propaganda film.<ref name="NYTimes-AltRight-HeilVictory-20162" /> Upon Trump's appointment of [[Steve Bannon]] as chief White House strategist and senior counselor, Spencer said Bannon would be in "the best possible position" to influence policy.<ref name="NYTimes-OpEd-Bannon-TurnOnHate-2016">{{cite news|last1=The Editorial Board|title=Steve 'Turn On the Hate' Bannon, in the White House|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/15/opinion/turn-on-the-hate-steve-bannon-at-the-white-house.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 15, 2016}}</ref> In November 2018, however, Spencer told his followers "The Trump moment is over, and it's time for us to move on." The Southern Poverty Law Center reported that, around the same time, the white nationalist movement as a whole was dissatisfied with Trump's presidency.<ref>{{cite news|title=Are white nationalists turning on Trump?|url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2018/11/27/are-white-nationalists-turning-trump|work=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]]|date=November 27, 2018}}</ref> ===Women=== During the 2016 United States presidential election, Spencer tweeted that women should not be allowed to make foreign policy.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2017/08/20/544134546/the-women-behind-the-alt-right|title=The Women Behind The 'Alt-Right'|last=Bowman|first=Emma|date=August 20, 2017|work=NPR|access-date=October 15, 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsweek.com/alt-right-leader-richard-spencer-isnt-sure-if-women-should-be-allowed-vote-685048|title='Alt-Right' leader Richard Spencer isn't sure if women should be allowed to vote|last=Hayden|first=Michael Edison|date=October 14, 2017|work=Newsweek|access-date=October 15, 2017|language=en}}</ref> He also stated in an interview with ''The Washington Post'' that his vision of America as a white ethnostate included women returning to traditional [[Gender role|roles]] as childbearers and [[homemakers]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/lets-party-like-its-1933-inside-the-disturbing-alt-right-world-of-richard-spencer/2016/11/22/cf81dc74-aff7-11e6-840f-e3ebab6bcdd3_story.html|title='Let's party like it's 1933': Inside the alt-right world of Richard Spencer|last=Cox|first=John Woodrow|date=November 22, 2016|work=Washington Post|access-date=October 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122235548/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/lets-party-like-its-1933-inside-the-disturbing-alt-right-world-of-richard-spencer/2016/11/22/cf81dc74-aff7-11e6-840f-e3ebab6bcdd3_story.html|archive-date=November 22, 2016|dead-url=yes|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/11/25/the-alt-right-isnt-just-about-white-supremacy-its-about-white-male-supremacy/|title=The alt-right isn't only about white supremacy. It's about white male supremacy|last=Paquette|first=Danielle|date=November 25, 2016|work=Washington Post|access-date=October 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126113832/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/11/25/the-alt-right-isnt-just-about-white-supremacy-its-about-white-male-supremacy/|archive-date=November 26, 2016|dead-url=yes|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> In October 2017, when asked his opinion on American women having the right to vote, he said: "I don't necessarily think that that's a great thing" after stating that he was "not terribly excited" about voting in general.<ref name=":0" /> ===Homosexuality=== Spencer opposes [[same-sex marriage in the United States|same-sex marriage]],<ref name="Radix-GayMarriage-2010">{{cite news|url=http://www.radixjournal.com/altright-archive/altright-archive/main/blogs/untimely-observations/the-inevitablility-of-gay-marriage|title=The Inevitability of Gay Marriage|last1=Spencer|first1=Richard B.|date=August 5, 2010|work=Radix Journal|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123132957/http://www.radixjournal.com/altright-archive/altright-archive/main/blogs/untimely-observations/the-inevitablility-of-gay-marriage|archivedate=November 23, 2016}}</ref> which he has described as "unnatural" and a "non-issue", commenting that "very few gay men will find the idea of monogamy to their liking".<ref name="NPI-EndOfCultureWar-2013">{{cite news|url=http://www.npiamerica.org/the-national-policy-institute/blog/the-end-of-the-culture-war|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817020023/http://www.npiamerica.org/the-national-policy-institute/blog/the-end-of-the-culture-war|dead-url=yes|archive-date=August 17, 2013|title=The End of the "Culture War"|last1=Spencer|first1=Richard|date=June 26, 2013|work=[[National Policy Institute|The National Policy Institute]]}}</ref> Despite his opposition to same-sex marriage, Spencer barred people with [[LGBT rights opposition|anti-gay views]] from the National Policy Institute's annual conference in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2016/08/18/some-white-nationalists-continue-court-lgbt-community|title=Some White Nationalists Continue to Court the LGBT Community|last=Falvey|first=Rose|date=August 18, 2016|publisher=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]]}}</ref> ===Health care=== Spencer supports [[Legal protection of access to abortion|legal access to abortion]], in part because he believes it would reduce the number of [[Black people|black]] and [[Hispanic]] people, which he says would be a "great boon" to [[white people]].<ref name="theatlanticwood2">{{cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/06/his-kampf/524505/|title=His Kampf|last1=Wood|first1=Graeme|date=June 2017|work=The Atlantic|accessdate=May 16, 2017|quote=In 2011, he moved from Washington to Whitefish, Montana, where his mother owns a vacation home and a commercial building. (She is the heiress to cotton farms in Louisiana, and his father is a respected Dallas ophthalmologist.)}}</ref> Spencer supports a national [[single-payer healthcare|single-payer health care]] system because he believes it would benefit white people.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/4/4/15164598/alt-right-single-payer-health-care-trump|title=Why the alt-right loves single-payer health care|last=Matthews|first=Dylan|date=April 4, 2017|publisher=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenation.com/article/the-racist-right-looks-left/|title=The Racist Right Looks Left|last=Minkowitz|first=Donna|date=December 8, 2017|work=The Nation|access-date=January 19, 2018|issn=0027-8378}}</ref> ===Christianity=== Spencer is an [[atheist]],<ref>{{cite web|last1=Spencer|first1=Richard|title=The Alt Right and Secular Humanism|url=http://www.altright.com/2017/01/23/the-alt-right-and-secular-humanism/|website=AltRight.com|accessdate=January 28, 2017|quote=McAfee: Are you religious? Do you support the Separation of Church and State? Spencer: I'm an atheist.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170527031424/http://altright.com/2017/01/23/the-alt-right-and-secular-humanism/|archive-date=May 27, 2017|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}</ref> but believes the [[Christian church]] previously held some pragmatic value, as Spencer believes it helped unify the white population of Europe. He opposes traditional Christian values as a moral code, due to Christianity being a [[universalizing religion|universalizing]] religion, rather than an [[ethnic religion]]. Spencer references his views on Christianity as being influenced by German philosopher [[Friedrich Nietzsche]].<ref name="harris">{{Cite news|url=https://www.courier-journal.com/story/opinion/contributors/2017/08/29/alt-right-rejects-christian-values-moral-guide-jordan-harris/608899001/|title=Alt-right rejects Christian values as moral guide|last=Harris|first=Jordan|work=The Courier-Journal|access-date=February 16, 2018|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://time.com/4915161/charlottesville-alt-right-alt-christianity/|last=McLaren|first=Brian|title=The 'Alt-Right' Has Created Alt-Christianity|website=Time|language=en|access-date=February 16, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/06/his-kampf/524505/|title=Richard Spencer Was My High-School Classmate|last=Wood|first=Graeme|work=The Atlantic|access-date=February 16, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> Citing Nietzsche's [[Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche#Nietzsche's criticism of anti-Semitism and nationalism|criticism of anti-Semitism and nationalism]], Scott Galupo writing for ''[[The Week]]'', Sean Illing for ''Vox'', and Jordan Harris for ''[[The Courier-Journal]]'' have described Spencer's interpretation of Nietzsche's philosophy as incorrect.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Galupo|first1=Scott|title=The troubling rise of Bad Nietzsche|url=http://theweek.com/articles/699001/troubling-rise-bad-nietzsche|accessdate=February 16, 2018|work=The Week|date=May 22, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Illing|first1=Sean|title=The alt-right is drunk on bad readings of Nietzsche. The Nazis were too.|url=https://www.vox.com/2017/8/17/16140846/nietzsche-richard-spencer-alt-right-nazism|accessdate=February 16, 2018|work=Vox|date=January 12, 2018}}</ref><ref name="harris"/> Spencer's ''Radix Journal'' has promoted paganism, running titles such as "Why I am a pagan".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/04/breaking-faith/517785/|title=America's Empty-Church Problem|last=Beinart|first=Peter|work=The Atlantic|access-date=February 17, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> Spencer has also described himself as a "cultural Christian".<ref>{{cite web|last1=Spencer|first1=Richard|title='We're Not Going Anywhere:' Watch Roland Martin Challenge White Nationalist Richard Spencer|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yr5BQS79H7g&t=8m9s|website=YouTube.com|accessdate=May 5, 2017|quote=Martin: Are you a Christian? Spencer: I'm an cultural Christian.}}</ref> ===Iraq war=== Spencer states he voted for Democrat [[John Kerry]] over incumbent Republican [[George W. Bush]] during the [[United States presidential election, 2004|2004 United States presidential election]], because Bush stood for "the war".<ref name="DallasNews-alt-rightleader-richard-spencer-wild-votingbut-backed-democrat-kerry-trump-2017">{{cite news|url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/elections/2017/10/19/alt-rightleader-richard-spencer-wild-votingbut-backed-democrat-kerry-trump|title='Alt-Right' leader Richard Spencer has voted for Democrats in the past, including John Kerry|date=October 19, 2017|work=[[The Dallas News]]}}</ref> ===Fourteen Words=== Spencer is an advocate of the [[Fourteen Words]], a white supremacist slogan, and has promoted it.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.adl.org/blog/richard-spencer-is-making-common-cause-with-neo-nazis |title=Richard Spencer Is Making Common Cause with Neo-Nazis |date=December 20, 2016 |publisher=[[Anti-Defamation League]]}}</ref> Despite his support, he has clarified that he'd prefer to merge the [[alt-right]] and [[alt-lite]] into one political force, claiming that "If I wanted to create a movement that was 1488 white nationalist, I would have done that".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://highline.huffingtonpost.com/articles/en/alt-right/ |title=My Journey to the Center of the Alt-Right |date=November 3, 2016 |publisher=''[[HuffPost]]''}}</ref> ===Views on Russia and NATO=== Spencer has advocated for the US pulling out of [[NATO]], and called Russia the "sole white power in the world". His partner then Kouprianova, under her pen name Nina Byzantina referred to herself as a "Kremlin troll leader" and regularly aligned to Kremlin talking points, with ties to [[Alexander Dugin]], a far-right ultranationalist Russian intellectual leader in the [[Eurasianism]] movement and writer of [[Foundations of Geopolitics]]. The webzine founded by Spencer in 2010, called Alternative Right, accepted direct contributor pieces from Dugin.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-connections-to-the-alt-right-2016-11|title='A model for civilization': Putin's Russia has emerged as 'a beacon for nationalists' and the American alt-right|date=December 10, 2016|agency=Business Insider}}</ref> === Libertarianism === In the late 2000s, Spencer was involved in the [[Libertarianism in the United States|libertarian movement]], supporting libertarian Republican presidential candidate [[Ron Paul]]<ref name="Lewis">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-insidious-libertarian-to-alt-right-pipeline|title=The Insidious Libertarian-to-Alt-Right Pipeline|last=Lewis|first=Matt|date=2017-08-23|work=The Daily Beast|access-date=2018-10-26|language=en}}</ref> and hosting him at his discussion club, the Robert Taft Club.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/06/his-kampf/524505/|title=Richard Spencer Was My High-School Classmate|last=Wood|first=Graeme|work=The Atlantic|access-date=2018-10-26|language=en-US}}</ref> Spencer later disavowed libertarianism as incompatible with white nationalism, and in 2017 he came into conflict with libertarians after reportedly attempting to "crash" an International Students for Liberty conference.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.salon.com/2017/02/21/richard-spencer-attempted-to-crash-a-libertarian-conference-and-was-shown-the-door/|title=Richard Spencer attempted to crash a Libertarian conference and was shown the door|date=2017-02-21|work=Salon|access-date=2018-10-26|language=en-US}}</ref> However, Spencer's disavowal notwithstanding, some commentators do see commonality between the alt-right and libertarianism.<ref name="Lewis"/> ==Personal life== In 2010, Spencer moved to [[Whitefish, Montana]]. He says he splits his time between Whitefish and [[Arlington, Virginia]],<ref name=FlatheadBeacon-WhoIs-2014>{{cite news|last1=Scott|first1=Tristan|title=Who is Richard Spencer?|url=http://flatheadbeacon.com/2014/11/26/richard-spencer|work=Flathead Beacon|date=November 26, 2014}}</ref><ref name=WhitefishPilot-LoveLivesHere-2014>{{cite news|last1=Spencer|first1=Richard B.|title=Defending free expression|url=http://www.whitefishpilot.com/opinion/article_c60e71a8-7a8d-11e4-8ed2-835adcd532c8.html|work=Whitefish Pilot|date=December 2, 2014}}</ref> although he has said he has lived in Whitefish for over 10 years and considers it home.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Spencer|first1=Richard B.|title=Skiing With The Enemy|url=http://www.radixjournal.com/journal/2014/11/26/skiing-with-the-enemy|work=Radix Journal|date=November 26, 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606043845/http://www.radixjournal.com/journal/2014/11/26/skiing-with-the-enemy|archivedate=June 6, 2017}}</ref> As of 2017 Spencer was renting an apartment in Alexandria, Virginia<ref>{{cite web|url=http://forward.com/fast-forward/379017/can-opponents-push-alt-right-leader-richard-spencer-out-of-his-virginia-hom/|title=Can Opponents Push 'Alt-Right' Leader Richard Spencer Out Of His Virginia Home?|author=Feldman, Ari|magazine=[[The Forward]]|date=August 3, 2017|accessdate=August 4, 2017}}</ref> but moved out in August 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonian.com/2018/08/10/report-richard-spencer-has-left-old-town-alexandria/|title=Report: Richard Spencer Has Left Old Town Alexandria|author=Beaujon, Andrew & Olsen, Kim|magazine=[[Washingtonian (magazine)|The Washingtonian]]|date=August 10, 2018|accessdate=February 1, 2019}}</ref> Spencer married Nina Kouprianova in 2010, with whom he has two children.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Beckett|first=Lois|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/23/white-supremacist-richard-spencer-physical-abuse-divorce-filings|title=White nationalist Richard Spencer accused of physical abuse by wife|date=October 23, 2018|work=The Guardian|language=en|access-date=October 26, 2018}}</ref> Prior to this, Spencer's dating history included Asian women, which he has said predates his white nationalism, though this evaluation is disputed.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Harkinson|first=Josh|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2016/10/richard-spencer-trump-alt-right-white-nationalist/|title=Meet the white nationalist trying to ride the Trump train to lasting power|work=Mother Jones|date=October 27, 2018|access-date=October 26, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> He was separated from Kouprianova, who is [[Georgia (country)|Russian]]-Canadian,<ref>[http://observer.com/2017/09/interview-nina-kouprianova-wife-of-alt-right-leader-richard-spencer Richard Spencer's Russian Wife Talks Trump, Utopia: Full Interview] By Diana Bruk • 09/19/17</ref> in October 2016;<ref name="MotherJones-Profile-2016" /> in April 2017, Spencer said he and his wife were not separated and were still together.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Spencer|first1=Richard|title=Richard Spencer's Full Q&A at Auburn University|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g1JJA6UiEio|website=YouTube.com|accessdate=June 4, 2017|quote=Audience Member: Your ex-wife is a Russian American and you have a child together. Please explain that. Spencer: She's not my ex-wife. Audience Member: Or you're separated, right? Spencer: No. Audience Member: Okay, so the thing I said is that you are separated or whatever. So you're still together? Spencer: Yes}}</ref> Kouprianova has translated several books written by [[Aleksandr Dugin]], a [[Russia]]n political analyst known for his [[fascist]] views.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=f3I4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA482&lpg=PA482&dq=Nina+Kouprianova#v=onepage&q=Nina%20Kouprianova&f=false|title=The Future is History: How Totalitarianism Reclaimed Russia|last=Gessen|first=Masha|date=2017|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9781594634536|location=|page=482|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/features/meet-the-alt-right-spokesman-thrilled-by-trumps-rise-w443902|title=Meet the Alt-Right 'Spokesman' Who's Thrilled With Trump's Rise|last=Posner|first=Sarah|date=October 18, 2016|work=Rolling Stone|access-date=October 20, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsweek.com/leaders-charlottesvilles-alt-right-protest-all-have-ties-russian-fascist-651384|title=Charlottesville's alt-right leaders have a passion for Vladimir Putin|last=Ebel|first=Francesca|date=August 16, 2017|work=Newsweek|access-date=October 20, 2017|language=en}}</ref> The books were later published by Spencer's publishing house, Washington Summit Publishers.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=1rA0DwAAQBAJ&dq=Nina+Kouprianova|title=Russia and the Western Far Right: Tango Noir|last=Shekhovtsov|first=Anton|date=September 8, 2017|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317199953|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref> In June 2018, Spencer published the results of a DNA test by [[23andMe]], which showed him to have 99.5% European ancestry and 0.5% non-European ancestry.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2018/10/elizabeth-warren-shouldnt-have-shared-dna-test/573577/|title=Elizabeth Warren Has Lost Her Way|last=Flanagan|first=Caitlin|date=2018-10-22|work=The Atlantic|access-date=2018-10-26|language=en-US}}</ref> In October of 2018, Nina Kouprianova, Spencer's wife, accused him in divorce documents of various forms of abuse.<ref>Palmer, Ewan (October 24, 2018). [https://www.newsweek.com/white-nationalist-richard-spencer-accused-physical-abuse-wife-attacking-her-1184806 "White Nationalist Richard Spencer Accused of Physical Abuse by Wife, Attacking Her While Pregnant."] ''Newsweek.com''. Retrieved January 26, 2019.</ref> Court documents detailed emotional abuse, financial abuse, and violent physical abuse, including when Kouprianova was 9 months pregnant, and frequently in front of their children.<ref>[[Associated Press]] (October 24, 2018). [https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/white-nationalist-richard-spencer-s-wife-says-he-physically-abused-n923751 "White Nationalist Richard Spencer's Wife Says He Physically Abused Her."] ''NBCNews.com''. Retrieved January 26, 2019.</ref> A caregiver to the children testified in court about Spencer's abuses towards both her and Kouprianova.<ref>Lenz, Lyz (January 13, 2019). [https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/richard-spencer-nina-kouprianova-divorce-abuse_us_5c2fc90ee4b0d75a9830ab69 "You Should Care That Richard Spencer’s Wife Says He Abused Her."] ''HuffingtonPost.com''. Retrieved January 26, 2019.</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} == External links == * {{Wikiquote-inline}} {{Alt-right footer}} {{Neo-Nazism}} {{White nationalism}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Spencer, Richard B.}} [[Category:1978 births]] [[Category:Advocates of the European Union]] [[Category:Alt-right]] [[Category:Alt-right writers]] [[Category:American atheists]] [[Category:American neo-Nazis]] [[Category:American white nationalists]] [[Category:American white supremacists]] [[Category:Anti-immigration politics in the United States]] [[Category:Articles containing video clips]] [[Category:Duke University alumni]] [[Category:Far-right politics in the United States]] [[Category:Identitarian movement]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Montana Independents]] [[Category:People deported from Sweden]] [[Category:People from Alexandria, Virginia]] [[Category:People from Arlington County, Virginia]] [[Category:People from Boston]] [[Category:People from Dallas]] [[Category:People from Whitefish, Montana]] [[Category:St. Mark's School (Texas) alumni]] [[Category:Unite the Right rally]] [[Category:University of Chicago alumni]] [[Category:University of Virginia alumni]]'
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'@@ -54,6 +54,5 @@ The majority of European nations, including the entire [[Schengen Area]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/07/12/u-k-s-next-leader-banned-a-prominent-white-nationalist-from-visiting/|title=U.K.'s next leader banned a prominent white nationalist from visiting|first=David|last=Weigel|date=July 12, 2016|publisher=|access-date=November 23, 2017|via=www.WashingtonPost.com}}</ref> and nations with nationalist governments,<ref name="The Bumbling Bigots of Budapest">{{cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2014/10/13/the-bumbling-bigots-of-budapest/|title=The Bumbling Bigots of Budapest|publisher=}}</ref> have banned Spencer and condemned his [[White race|"racial European"]] message and call for a "white racial empire".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-29503378|title=Far right holds secret congress in Hungary|first=Nick|last=Thorpe|date=October 7, 2014|publisher=|via=www.bbc.com|work=BBC News}}</ref> While promoting his message in a controversial speaking tour in [[Hungary]], Spencer was mocked by the Hungarian newspaper ''[[Népszabadság]]'' for his call for "a white empire", through a revival of the Roman Empire, and for his claim to be a "racial European", ideas that the newspaper called contrived and without any basis in [[European history]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nol.hu/belfold/ez-politikai-uldoztetes-1490215|title=Itt vannak a fajvédők, de a Jobbikot nem szeretik|first=Szőcs|last=László|date=October 3, 2014|publisher=}}</ref> In the aftermath of the controversy, Hungarian Prime Minister [[Viktor Orbán]] pressed through legislative measures which banned and condemned Spencer.<ref name="The Bumbling Bigots of Budapest"/> The government of Poland has also banned and condemned Spencer,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/richard-spencer-ban-european-countries-alt-right-white-supremacist-neo-nazi-eu-a8071971.html|title=Neo-Nazi Richard Spencer 'banned from 26 European countries'|publisher=|date=2017-11-23}}</ref> citing Spencer's Nazi rhetoric and the Nazis' [[Nazi crimes against the Polish nation|genocide of Slavic "Untermenschen"]] during [[World War II]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/27/poland-to-richard-spencer-keep-out|title=Poland to Richard Spencer: keep out|first=Associated Press in|last=Warsaw|date=October 27, 2017|website=the Guardian}}</ref> In July 2018, Spencer was detained at [[Keflavik Airport]] in [[Reykjavík]], [[Iceland]] en route to [[Sweden]] and was ordered by Polish officials to return to the United States; the successful effort of the [[Poles]] to ban Spencer from other parts of Europe arises from the [[Schengen agreement]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://thinkprogress.org/richard-spencer-is-effectively-barred-from-europe-30b18131d272|work=[[ThinkProgress]]|title=Richard Spencer learns about strong borders, barred from European travel|first=Casey|last=Michel|date=July 5, 2018|accessdate=July 8, 2018}}</ref> -==Early life== -Spencer was born in [[Boston]], Massachusetts,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Burghart|first1=Devin|title=Who is Richard Spencer?|url=http://www.irehr.org/2014/06/27/who-is-richard-spencer/|website=IREHR|accessdate=December 7, 2016|date=June 27, 2014}}</ref> the son of [[Ophthalmology|ophthalmologist]] Rand Spencer and Sherry Spencer (née Dickenhorst),<ref name=MotherJones-Profile-2016>{{cite news|last1=Harkinson|first1=Josh|title=Meet The Dapper White Nationalist Who Wins Even If Trump Loses|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2016/10/richard-spencer-trump-alt-right-white-nationalist|work=[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]|date=October 27, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=White Nationalist Richard Spencer Gets His Money From Louisiana Cotton Fields—and the US Government|last1=Williams|first1=Lance|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2017/03/richard-spencer-cotton-farms-louisiana-subsidies|work=[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]|date=March 17, 2017}}</ref> an heiress to cotton farms in Louisiana.<ref name="theatlanticwood">{{cite news|last1=Wood|first1=Graeme|title=His Kampf|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/06/his-kampf/524505/|accessdate=May 16, 2017|work=The Atlantic|date=June 2017|quote=In 2011, he moved from Washington to Whitefish, Montana, where his mother owns a vacation home and a commercial building. (She is the heiress to cotton farms in Louisiana, and his father is a respected Dallas ophthalmologist.)}}</ref> He grew up in [[Preston Hollow, Dallas|Preston Hollow]], [[Dallas|Dallas, Texas]].<ref name="dallasmorningforwhitenationaliststrumpwin">{{cite news|last1=Downs|first1=Caleb|title=For white nationalists, Trump win a dream come true, says alt-right leader from Dallas|url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/politics/2016/11/16/trumps-rise-first-stage-white-nationalist-movement-says-alt-right-leader-dallas|accessdate=August 23, 2017|work=The Dallas Morning News|date=November 16, 2016|quote=He was born in Massachusetts, but moved to the Preston Hollow neighborhood of Dallas when he was about 2 years old.}}</ref> In 1997, he graduated from [[St. Mark's School of Texas]].<ref name="theatlanticwood"/> In 2001, Spencer received a [[Bachelor of Arts]] in English Literature and Music from the [[University of Virginia]] and, in 2003, a [[Master of Arts]] in the Humanities from the [[University of Chicago]].<ref name="theatlanticwood"/> He spent the summer of 2005 and 2006 at the [[Institute Vienna Circle|Vienna International Summer University]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Stadler|first1=Friedrich|title=Statement on behalf of the Institute Vienna Circle|url=https://www.univie.ac.at/ivc/Klarstellung_Spencer.pdf|website=Institute Vienna Circle|accessdate=December 2, 2016}}</ref> From 2005 to 2007, he was a [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] student at [[Duke University]] studying modern European intellectual history, where he was a member of the Duke Conservative Union.<ref name="theatlanticwood"/><ref name=MotherJones-Profile-2016/> His website says he left Duke "to pursue a life of [[thought crime|thought-crime]]".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2017/07/alt-right-william-regnery-richard-spencer/|title="The alt-right side of history will prevail", says the fringe Republican bankrolling Richard Spencer|work=Mother Jones|access-date=October 17, 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> +K U N T ==Activities== '
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[ 0 => '==Early life==', 1 => 'Spencer was born in [[Boston]], Massachusetts,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Burghart|first1=Devin|title=Who is Richard Spencer?|url=http://www.irehr.org/2014/06/27/who-is-richard-spencer/|website=IREHR|accessdate=December 7, 2016|date=June 27, 2014}}</ref> the son of [[Ophthalmology|ophthalmologist]] Rand Spencer and Sherry Spencer (née Dickenhorst),<ref name=MotherJones-Profile-2016>{{cite news|last1=Harkinson|first1=Josh|title=Meet The Dapper White Nationalist Who Wins Even If Trump Loses|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2016/10/richard-spencer-trump-alt-right-white-nationalist|work=[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]|date=October 27, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=White Nationalist Richard Spencer Gets His Money From Louisiana Cotton Fields—and the US Government|last1=Williams|first1=Lance|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2017/03/richard-spencer-cotton-farms-louisiana-subsidies|work=[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]|date=March 17, 2017}}</ref> an heiress to cotton farms in Louisiana.<ref name="theatlanticwood">{{cite news|last1=Wood|first1=Graeme|title=His Kampf|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/06/his-kampf/524505/|accessdate=May 16, 2017|work=The Atlantic|date=June 2017|quote=In 2011, he moved from Washington to Whitefish, Montana, where his mother owns a vacation home and a commercial building. (She is the heiress to cotton farms in Louisiana, and his father is a respected Dallas ophthalmologist.)}}</ref> He grew up in [[Preston Hollow, Dallas|Preston Hollow]], [[Dallas|Dallas, Texas]].<ref name="dallasmorningforwhitenationaliststrumpwin">{{cite news|last1=Downs|first1=Caleb|title=For white nationalists, Trump win a dream come true, says alt-right leader from Dallas|url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/politics/2016/11/16/trumps-rise-first-stage-white-nationalist-movement-says-alt-right-leader-dallas|accessdate=August 23, 2017|work=The Dallas Morning News|date=November 16, 2016|quote=He was born in Massachusetts, but moved to the Preston Hollow neighborhood of Dallas when he was about 2 years old.}}</ref> In 1997, he graduated from [[St. Mark's School of Texas]].<ref name="theatlanticwood"/> In 2001, Spencer received a [[Bachelor of Arts]] in English Literature and Music from the [[University of Virginia]] and, in 2003, a [[Master of Arts]] in the Humanities from the [[University of Chicago]].<ref name="theatlanticwood"/> He spent the summer of 2005 and 2006 at the [[Institute Vienna Circle|Vienna International Summer University]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Stadler|first1=Friedrich|title=Statement on behalf of the Institute Vienna Circle|url=https://www.univie.ac.at/ivc/Klarstellung_Spencer.pdf|website=Institute Vienna Circle|accessdate=December 2, 2016}}</ref> From 2005 to 2007, he was a [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] student at [[Duke University]] studying modern European intellectual history, where he was a member of the Duke Conservative Union.<ref name="theatlanticwood"/><ref name=MotherJones-Profile-2016/> His website says he left Duke "to pursue a life of [[thought crime|thought-crime]]".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2017/07/alt-right-william-regnery-richard-spencer/|title="The alt-right side of history will prevail", says the fringe Republican bankrolling Richard Spencer|work=Mother Jones|access-date=October 17, 2017|language=en-US}}</ref>' ]
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node)
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