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{{short description|City in Arizona, United States}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Sierra Vista
|settlement_type = [[City]]
|nickname = Hummingbird Capital of the United States
|image_skyline = Sierra Vista AZ City Hall.jpg
|imagesize = 300px
|image_caption = Sierra Vista, AZ City Hall
|image_seal =
|image_map = File:Cochise County Arizona Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Sierra Vista Highlighted 0466820.svg
|mapsize = 250px
|map_caption = Location of Sierra Vista in Cochise County, Arizona
|image_map1 = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=325|frame-height=325|zoom=10|frame-lat=31.5455|frame-long=-110.2763|type=shape-inverse|id= Q79891|title=Sierra Vista|stroke-width=3}}
|mapsize1 = 260px
|map_caption1 = Interactive map outlining Sierra Vista
|pushpin_map = USA
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in the United States
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Arizona|County]]
|subdivision_name = [[United States]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Arizona]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Cochise County, Arizona|Cochise]]
|established_title = Incorporated
|established_date = 1956
|government_type =
|leader_title = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name = Rick Mueller
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 = 394.92
|area_total_sq_mi = 152.48
|area_land_km2 = 394.24
|area_land_sq_mi = 152.22
|area_water_km2 = 0.68
|area_water_sq_mi = 0.26
|elevation_ft = 4633
|elevation_m = 1412
|population_as_of = [[2010 United States Census|2010]]
|population_est = 43045
|pop_est_as_of = 2019
|pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse"/>
|population_footnotes = <ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2014-07-06}}</ref>
|population_total = 43888
|population_metro =
|population_density_km2 = 109.19
|population_density_sq_mi = 282.79
|timezone = [[Mountain Standard Time Zone|MST]] (no [[Daylight savings time|DST]])
|utc_offset = −7
|coordinates = {{coord|31|32|44|N|110|16|35|W|region:US-AZ_type:city|display=it}}
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]s
|postal_code = 85600-85699
|area_code = [[Area code 520|520]]
|area_code_type = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 04-66820
|blank1_name =
|blank1_info =
|website = {{URL|www.SierraVistaAZ.gov}}
|footnotes =
|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_04.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=June 30, 2020}}</ref>
}}
'''Sierra Vista''' is a city in [[Cochise County, Arizona]], [[United States]]. As of the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]] the population of the city was 43,888.<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web| url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US0466820| archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212183013/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US0466820| url-status=dead| archive-date=February 12, 2020| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Sierra Vista city, Arizona| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder| access-date=June 12, 2014}}</ref> The city is part of the [[Sierra Vista-Douglas, AZ Metropolitan Statistical Area|Sierra Vista-Douglas Metropolitan Area]],<ref name="Eller">Rice, Valorie H and Hammond, George W. (2013). [https://ebr.eller.arizona.edu/research/articles/2013/2012_economic_census.asp "Arizona has a new metropolitan area: Sierra Vista-Douglas"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208052149/https://ebr.eller.arizona.edu/research/articles/2013/2012_economic_census.asp |date=2015-12-08 }}</ref> with a 2010 population of 131,346. [[Fort Huachuca]], a [[U.S. Army]] post, is located in the northwest part of the city.
Sierra Vista, which is Spanish for "Mountain View", is located {{convert|75|mi}} southeast of [[Tucson, Arizona|Tucson]] and serves as the main commercial, cultural, and recreational hub of Cochise County.
==History==
As evidenced by several neolithic sites,<ref>{{Cite book|title=Murray Springs : a Clovis site with multiple activity areas in the San Pedro Valley, Arizona|date=2007|publisher=University of Arizona Press|others=Haynes, C. Vance, Jr., 1928–, Huckell, Bruce B.|isbn=9780816525799|location=Tucson|oclc=80019780}}</ref> which include the [[Murray Springs Clovis Site]] and known archeological sites like the [[Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site]], [[Paleo-Indians]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.discoverseaz.com/History/PaleoInd.html|title=Paleo-Indians|website=www.discoverseaz.com|access-date=2018-02-08}}</ref> along with other unique animals to include [[mammoth]]s, [[Horses in the United States|horses]], [[Tapirus merriami|tapir]], [[bison]], and [[Camelops|camels]] occupied the area more than 11,000 years ago (9000 [[BCE]]). Both the Murray Springs Clovis Site and the Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site are now [[National Historic Landmark]]s. This area was the home to a large [[Sobaipuri]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Sierra Vista : young city with a past|last=Jackson.|first=Price, Ethel|date=2003|publisher=Arcadia|isbn=0738524344|location=Charleston, SC|oclc=53882709}}</ref> Pueblo near Fairbank<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.seymourharlan.com/My_Homepage_Files/Page1.html|title=Sobaipuri Archaeology, An Introduction|website=www.seymourharlan.com|access-date=2018-02-08}}</ref> which had several smaller pueblos and settlements<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.saguaro-juniper.com/i_and_i/history/early_history/fr_kino_visits.html|title=Fr. Kino's Visits to the San Pedro|website=www.saguaro-juniper.com|access-date=2018-02-08}}</ref> throughout the valley,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.seymourharlan.com/My_Homepage_Files/Page23.html|title=Quiburi|website=www.seymourharlan.com|access-date=2018-02-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title="1762 On the San Pedro: Reevaluating Sobaípuri-O'odham Abandonment and New Apache Raiding Corridors" The Journal of Arizona History. 52 (2)|last=Seymour|first=Deni|publisher=The Journal of Arizona History|date=Summer 2011|pages=169–188}}</ref> a [[Spain|Spanish]] Fort, [[Presidio Santa Cruz de Terrenate]] <ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sterner|first1=Matthew A.|last2=Majewski|first2=Teresita|date=1998|title=Homesteading and Ranching on Fort Huachuca's East Range: National Register of Historic Places Evaluations of Slash Z Ranch Site and Three Associated Sites|journal=National Register of Historic Places Evaluations|publisher=Statistical Research, Inc; Tucson, AZ|volume=Department of the Army Technical Report 98-22, DABT63-93-D-0011 Delivery Order 4}}</ref> between modern [[Huachuca City, Arizona|Huachuca City]] [[Whetstone (CDP), Arizona|, Whetstone]] and [[Tombstone, Arizona|Tombstone]], on the Western bank of the [[San Pedro River (Arizona)|San Pedro River]].<ref name=":1" /> along with sparse Spanish settlers supporting the route to Tucson's [[Mission San Xavier del Bac]] and ''[[Presidio San Augustin del Tucson|Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.library.arizona.edu/exhibits/desertdoc/roster.htm|title=Desert Documentary by Kieran McCarty – Chapter 20: Spanish Tucson's Last Roster|last=McCarty|first=Kieran|website=www.library.arizona.edu|access-date=2018-02-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huachuca.army.mil/sites/History/PDFS/prololgue.pdf|title=Huachuca Illustrated, A Magazine of the Fort Huachuca Museum, Vol. 4 1999" (PDF)|last=U.S. Army, Fort Huachuca|access-date=October 29, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=The Latest Word from 1540: People, Places, and Portrayals of the Coronado Expedition|last=Flint, Richard and Shirley|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|date=October 16, 2011|isbn=978-0826350602}}</ref> [[Coronado National Memorial]] was established in the southern Huachuca Mountains to commemorate the expedition of the Spanish [[conquistador]] [[Francisco Vázquez de Coronado]] utilizing the nearby San Pedro River in his northward search of the Cities of Cíbola, often referred to now as the mythical [[Seven Cities of Gold]].
[[File:Montezumapass.JPG|thumb|300px|left|Montezuma Pass at [[Coronado National Memorial]]. The United States / Mexican border fence can be seen in the middle of this photograph. Mexico is on the right / south side of the fence.]]
Like most of [[Cochise County, Arizona|Cochise County]], this area was part of the [[Gadsden Purchase]] of 1854.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1830-1860/gadsden-purchase|title=Milestones: 1830–1860 – Office of the Historian|website=history.state.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-02-08}}</ref> At the end of the [[Apache Wars]] in 1886, with the protection of [[Fort Huachuca]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arizonahandbook.com/huachuca.htm|title=Huachuca Mountains|website=www.arizonahandbook.com|access-date=2018-02-08}}</ref> and the completion of the [[Southern Pacific]] and [[El Paso and Southwestern Railroad|El Paso & Southwestern]] railroads, the [[San Pedro Valley (Arizona)|San Pedro Valley]] began to be populated by American settlers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.blm.gov/az/sfo/aravaipa/history.htm|title=Aravaipa Canyon Wilderness Prehistory and History|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060214210610/http://www.blm.gov/az/sfo/aravaipa/history.htm|archive-date=2006-02-14|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sierravistaaz.gov/event/guided-history-walk-presidio-santa-cruz/2018-02-03/|title=Guided History Walk – Presidio Santa Cruz}}</ref>
The first business that opened just outside the east gate of Fort Huachuca was a [[Western saloon|saloon]] and [[brothel|"house of ill repute"]] owned by John and Ellen Reilly, which opened in 1892. In 1911, Margaret Carmichael<ref name=":5">{{Cite book|title=Cochise County stalwarts : a who's who of the territorial years : merchants, miners and millmen, ranchers and farmers, hostelers and restaurateurs, bankers, attorneys and judges, contractors, freighters, stage line operators and blacksmiths, saloonists and gamblers, marshals, sheriffs and constables, printers, lumbermen, postmasters, journalists, educators, politicians and promoters, and a few badmen and outlaws, who made an impact, thrown in for flavor|last=1937–|first=Bailey, Lynn R. (Lynn Robison)|date=2000|publisher=Westernlore Press|others=Chaput, Donald.|isbn=0870261126|location=Tucson, Ariz.|oclc=46826073}}</ref> bought the Reilly homestead and business. By 1913, Margaret Carmichael had leased the business back to the Reillys. Also in 1913, a group of dry land farmers settled in the local area and named their settlement Buena. Buena was located east of Garden Canyon, between Lewis Springs and Fort Huachuca, east of the junction of present-day Hwy 90 and Hwy 92.<ref name=":1" /> At this site was a post office and a school house that served children in Buena, Garden Canyon and outreaches of the local area. Oliver Fry<ref name=":5" /> and his two oldest sons traveled from [[Texas]] on the railroad and settled on {{convert|320|acre|km2}} just east of Fort Huachuca in January, 1913.<ref name=":1" />
By 1917, the Overton Post Office was established. This name came from the Overton Mercantile and Investment Company, which took option on the Carmichael property with plans to develop a townsite outside of Fort Huachuca. However, it is believed that the company was unable to persuade anyone to move to the area so when the option expired, the Carmichaels took back the property with a general mercantile store and the post office.
In 1918, the Carmichaels changed the name of the store and named it after the Garden Canyon Sawmill.<ref name=":1" /> They also called their Post Office where Carmichael was the postmaster Garden Canyon.<ref name=":1" /> In addition, the Carmichaels built a home across the street from Garden Canyon store, as well as 18 rock houses, on Garden Avenue. From 1927 to 1938, the Frys rented the Carmichael store and ran the post office. The Frys established their own general store and the first official federally recognized post office established in 1938 as Fry post office, so the name of this settlement changed to Fry.<ref name=":1" /> By World War II, Fry's reputation was less than salubrious. According to the "Employment of Negro Troops" (CMH), "Because it was surrounded by a desert with no nearby communities and because it was located in a part of the country with practically no Negro population, Fort Huachuca, since the days when it was a frontier
post garrisoned with Negro soldiers of the old regiments, had considered Fry a quasi-necessary adjunct.... In Fry lived women.... As the post commander described it in 1942: The small town of Fry is dirty, unsanitary and squalid. It has been so for many years. It was made worse in these respects during
the construction of the cantonment...." (p. 282)
[[File:AN ELEVATED VIEW OF FORT HUACHUCA TAKEN IN 1918 AN DLOOKING TO THE NORTHEAST (FORT HUACHUCA HISTORICAL MUSEUM, PHOTOGRAPH 1918.00.00.20, PHOTOGRAPHER UNIDENTIFIED, CREATED BY AND HABS AZ-210-12.tif|thumb|300px|left|Fort Huachuca in 1918]]
When the base was reactivated on February 1, 1954, the base commander Brigadier General Emil Lenzner pushed for incorporation as both a way to solve the on-base housing problems as well as to distance themselves from reputation of "The White City" and Fry Town Settlement, hoping to encourage people to want to live off base in a more family-friendly community, away from undesirables like the minorities allowed to live unsegregated in Fry Town.<ref name=":1" /> Petitions for incorporation began to be filed in 1955 and were legally accepted in 1956, which included what had been Garden Canyon and Buena but did not include most of Fry Town. This was in part to keep a Federal Housing Authority (FHA) housing project contacts for housing off post away from the Fry Town area, and was used as a rationale to incorporate and begin getting a share of tax revenues without having to pay the Fry family for the parts of Fry Town considered desirable and wholesome.<ref name=":1" />
In 1955, the first attempt to incorporate and rename the area was rejected, as Fry opposed both incorporating and renaming the town that bore his family name. In 1956, the ballot issue failed 76 to 61. People who owned land outside of Fry's property in the area of Garden Canyon/Overton and Buena, as well as parts of Fry<ref name=":1" /> went forward with incorporation and renaming by petition on May 26, 1956, excluding the half-square-mile owned by Fry that included the local red light district called "the White City" as well as off base housing of the African-American "Buffalo" soldier officers' families,<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|title=Early Sierra Vista; its People and Neighbors|last=Hein|first=Jac|publisher=Banner Printing Center|year=1983|location=Sierra Vista, AZ, USA|pages=138–139, 172}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Fort Huachuca: The story of a frontier post|last=Smith|first=Cornelius C.|publisher=U.S Government Printing Office|location=Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402}}</ref> and other minorities and groups they considered undesirable in the 1950s.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|date=Spring–Summer 2015|title=Journey to Cochise County: Explore the lives and Stories of those who have make Cochise County their home|journal=The Cochise County Historical Journal|publisher=Cochise County Historical Society along with the Smithsonian Museum to accompany the Main Street traveling exhibit "Journey Stories" February 22 – April 5, 2014|volume= 45| issue = 1}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book|title=A pictorial history of Sierra Vista, Arizona : more than a city, a way of life|date=2006|publisher=Pediment Pub|others=Tritz, Judith|isbn=1597250589|location=[Place of publication not identified]|oclc=74175599}}</ref> They were described as the "Fry People."<ref name=":4" />
Sierra Vista was incorporated in 1956. The proposed town council held a radio contest<ref name=":4" /> asking for names of the proposed town. Marie Pfister, the city clerk, asked her friend Nola Walker to store the suggestions. When the town was approved, they called Nola for the contest winner, but without counting the votes she told them her personal entry of "Sierra Vista" was the winner. On July 13, 2006 at a special ceremony during the city's 50th anniversary, Nola was granted "clemency" for her misrepresentation of the vote.<ref name=":2" />
In 1961 the community had grown large enough to be classified as a city, allowing the establishment of a community college.<ref name=":1" /> In 1973 Ethel Berger became the first female mayor in Arizona.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> In the 1970s the Art in the Park Festival was established by a committee of Army Wives, with it proceeds benefiting the Huachuca Arts Association, and college scholarships.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /> Sierra Vista annexed Fort Huachuca, a U.S. military base, one of the largest employers in Arizona, and the adjacent community, in 1971.
Sierra Vista was the site of the first [[McDonald's]] drive thru, which opened in 1975.<ref>[http://www.slate.com/articles/life/transport/2009/12/were_thru.html We're Thru]; Slate; December 11, 2009</ref> The owner, Dave Rich, drove the innovative approach to gain the business of the soldiers from nearby Fort Huachuca. At that time, soldiers were not allowed to wear their military fatigues off of the military base.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Stockmar|first=Steve|title=How Sierra Vista McDonald's drove into history|language=en|work=The Sierra Vista Herald|url=http://www.svherald.com/free_access/how-sierra-vista-mcdonald-s-drove-into-history/article_4f1460c2-0090-11e7-b5a7-277a7ccc5e2a.html|access-date=2017-07-01}}</ref><ref name=":1" />
Sierra Vista has a population of over 43,000 today. The city is the economic and commercial center of Cochise County, and northern [[Sonora]], Mexico.
Known historical names for the area:<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":2" />
* 1878 Papingo
* 1898 Overton
* 1909 Garden Canyon
* 1915 Buena
* 1938 Fry, Frytown, Fry Township, Fry Settlement
* 1942–1945 "The White City", "Green Top" or "The Hook"
* 1955 Town of Sierra Vista
* 1961 City of Sierra Vista
==Geography==
[[File:Ramsey Canyon - Sierra Vista - AZ - 2015-10-01at12-01-191 (22067507569).jpg|thumb|300px|left|Ramsey Canyon]]
Sierra Vista is located in southwestern Cochise County at {{Coord|31|32|44|N|110|16|35|W|type:city}} (31.545498, −110.276500).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> It is bordered on the northwest by the much smaller town of [[Huachuca City, Arizona|Huachuca City]].
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|395.1|km2|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|394.4|km2|order=flip}} is land and {{convert|0.7|km2|order=flip}} is water. It is located {{convert|4623|ft|m}} above sea level. Sierra Vista is flanked on the southwest side by the [[Huachuca Mountains]], with [[Miller Peak (Arizona)|Miller Peak]] rising to {{convert|9466|ft}} and [[Carr Peak]] to {{convert|9236|ft}}, both south of the city limits. The city is accessible via Arizona State Routes [[Arizona State Route 90|90]] and [[Arizona State Route 92|92]]. The [[San Pedro River (Arizona)|San Pedro River]] flows just east of the city limits.
[[File:Sierra vista map.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Geography surrounding Sierra Vista]]
===Climate===
[[File:Huachuca Mountains in the Winter2.jpg|thumb|300px|left|Huachuca Mountains in the winter]]
In the [[Köppen climate classification]] system, Sierra Vista falls within the typical cold [[semi-arid climate]] (''BSk'') of mid-altitude Arizona. Fall and spring, like most other parts of Arizona, are very dry. Winters are cool to cold with frosts which can occasionally be hard freezes; frost can be expected to stop in mid- to late April. Spring, like fall, spends about half of itself within the frost season. Summer starts off dry, but progressively gets wetter as the monsoon season approaches. The city has a fairly stable climate with very little humidity. However, the [[North American Monsoon]] can bring torrential rains during the months of July and August and will produce almost half the yearly rainfall in just those two months alone. Due to the dry climate the rest of the year and the city's high elevation, daily winter low temperatures range from {{convert|20|to|30|F|C|1}} on average and up to {{convert|50|F|C|1}} on rare occasions when moist fronts bring warm air from the Gulf of California. Snow is not a common sight on the streets of Sierra Vista though some years the city can receive several inches of snow and other years it will receive none. However, a snow-capped [[Miller Peak (Arizona)|Miller Peak]] and [[Carr Peak]] in the [[Huachuca Mountains]] is a common sight for four to five months every year.
<br>The highest recorded temperature was {{convert|110|°F|°C|abbr=on}} on June 20, 2017.
<br>The lowest recorded temperature was {{convert|4|°F|°C|abbr=on}} on February 3, 2011.
<br>The maximum average rainfall occurs in August.
{{Weather box
|location = Sierra Vista, Arizona
|single line = Y
|Jan record high F = 81
|Feb record high F = 86
|Mar record high F = 91
|Apr record high F = 97
|May record high F = 102
|Jun record high F = 110
|Jul record high F = 108
|Aug record high F = 103
|Sep record high F = 99
|Oct record high F = 96
|Nov record high F = 86
|Dec record high F = 81
|year record high F =110
|Jan high F = 61.2
|Feb high F = 64.4
|Mar high F = 69.7
|Apr high F = 76.9
|May high F = 85.1
|Jun high F = 92.9
|Jul high F = 91.6
|Aug high F = 88.7
|Sep high F = 86.8
|Oct high F = 78.8
|Nov high F = 69.5
|Dec high F = 61.6
|year high F = 77.3
|Jan low F = 34.2
|Feb low F = 37.2
|Mar low F = 41.5
|Apr low F = 47.1
|May low F = 54.9
|Jun low F = 63.3
|Jul low F = 66.3
|Aug low F = 64.9
|Sep low F = 60.3
|Oct low F = 51.0
|Nov low F = 40.9
|Dec low F = 33.9
|year low F = 49.6
|Jan record low F = 12
|Feb record low F = 4
|Mar record low F = 22
|Apr record low F = 28
|May record low F = 35
|Jun record low F = 46
|Jul record low F = 51
|Aug record low F = 53
|Sep record low F = 43
|Oct record low F = 26
|Nov record low F = 19
|Dec record low F = 15
|year record low F = 4
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain inch = 0.98
|Feb rain inch = 0.70
|Mar rain inch = 0.52
|Apr rain inch = 0.41
|May rain inch = 0.30
|Jun rain inch = 0.51
|Jul rain inch = 3.11
|Aug rain inch = 3.82
|Sep rain inch = 1.45
|Oct rain inch = 0.93
|Nov rain inch = 0.44
|Dec rain inch = 1.03
|Jan snow inch = 0.3
|Feb snow inch = 0.2
|Mar snow inch = 0.2
|Apr snow inch = 0.0
|May snow inch = 0.0
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 0.0
|Nov snow inch = 0.0
|Dec snow inch = 0.0
|year snow inch = 0.7
| unit rain days = .01 Inch
| Jan rain days = 4
| Feb rain days = 4
| Mar rain days = 3
| Apr rain days = 2
| May rain days = 1
| Jun rain days = 3
| Jul rain days = 12
| Aug rain days = 12
| Sep rain days = 5
| Oct rain days = 3
| Nov rain days = 2
| Dec rain days = 4
| year rain days = 60
|source 1 = National Weather Service, Tucson<ref name= nws.noaa.gov>{{Cite web |url= https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=twc|title= nws.noaa.gov|access-date=August 24, 2020 }}</ref>
|date=August 2020
}}
==Parks and outdoors==
[[File:Carr Falls Huachuca Mts AZ.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Seasonal 300 ft Carr Canyon Falls]]
===Bird watching===
Nicknamed the "[[Hummingbird]] Capital of the United States", the city sees bird watchers from all over the world flock to the nearby Ramsey Canyon Preserve and other local canyons to observe and photograph hundreds of different bird species. Located within the Huachuca Mountains, Ramsey Canyon is one of the prime locations to see hummingbirds in the U.S. An ecological crossroads between desert and tropics, the mountains that rise from the arid surroundings of this part of southeastern Arizona trap rainfall and create island-like biodiverse areas. Among numerous other plants and animals, the Ramsey Canyon wildlife reserve is home to 15 species of hummingbird. Most notable are the beryline and violet-crowned hummingbirds, which breed in Central America but only migrate as far north as the southwestern United States.<ref name="10 Unique Hummingbird Havens">{{cite web|url=https://blogs.sierraclub.org/explore/2013/08/10-unique-hummingbird-havens-birdwatching.html|title=S10 Unique Hummingbird Havens|access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref> Other outdoor sightseeing and recreational opportunities that are nearby include the [[San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area]], the [[Coronado National Memorial]] in the [[Huachuca Mountains]], and [[Parker Canyon Lake]]. Excellent views of the clear night sky have led Sierra Vista to become the chosen center of amateur [[astronomy]] in Arizona, with more than a dozen well equipped amateur observatories in the area and a large observatory at the [[University of Arizona|University of Arizona College of Applied Science & Technology]] within the city limits.
===Ramsey Canyon===
Ramsey Canyon in the Huachuca Mountains was named after Gardner Ramsey after his arrival in the 1880s. Ramsey Canyon Preserve is located at the end of Ramsey Canyon Road west of Arizona Highway 92.<ref name="Ramsey Canyon Preserve">{{cite web|url=https://www.americansouthwest.net/arizona/ramsey-canyon-preserve/index.html|title=Ramsey Canyon Preserve|access-date=2020-07-28}}</ref> The preserve provides an excellent bird watching experience with two loop trails. The shorter loop trail is around half a mile long while the longer trail is around a mile. Two historic structures can be found along the trail. James Cabin, a log cabin dating to 1902, was built by John James and is located on the Ramsey Canyon creek. The James House, built in 1911, is on the other side of the creek and provided a larger dwelling for the James family. Ramsey Canyon Trail is a longer (2.4 mile) trail, also known as Hamburg Trail, and is located just beyond the Nature Conservancy preserve.<ref name="Hamburg Trail, Ramsey Canyon">{{cite web|url=https://www.americansouthwest.net/arizona/ramsey-canyon-preserve/hamburg-trail.html|title=Hamburg Trail, Ramsey Canyon|access-date=2020-07-28}}</ref> The trail has an elevation change of 1,300 feet and enters the 20,000 acre Miller Peak Wilderness which is part of the [[Coronado National Forest]] after passing the Pat Scott Canyon and Wisconsin Canyon junction that includes the old prospecting site of Hamburg Mine.
===Carr Canyon===
Carr Canyon, named after James Carr, is accessible by the Carr Canyon Road and is a scenic drive in the Coronado National Forest. The rough road is seven miles long with only two of the seven miles paved. It was originally built by James Carr in 1881 and requires a high clearance vehicle to traverse. Carr Canyon roads ends at the Reef Townsite at an elevation of {{convert|7400|ft|m|0}}. Near the entrance of Carr Canyon is the historic Carr House, built in 1932, which is an information center operated by the Forest Service.<ref name="Carr House Info Center">{{cite web|url=https://www.huachucamountains.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Rec-Opp-Guide-Carr-House.pdf|title=Coronado National Forest Huachuca Mountains Carr House Info Center |access-date=2020-07-28}}</ref>
===Parks===
The city of Sierra Vista maintains 17 different parks with Veterans Memorial Park being the largest measuring around 40 acres. Veterans Memorial Park consists of an Aquatic center called The Cove, benches, bike racks, children's playgrounds, drinking fountains, flag pole, horseshoe pits, grass play area, Ramadas, restrooms, skate & bike court, softball fields, teen & youth center, and volleyball courts. Veterans Memorial Park holds the largest events festivals in Sierra Vista to include the yearly Easter Eggstravaganza, Festival of the Southwest, Oktoberfest, Art in the Park, Cars in the Park, and a weekly Farmers Market. The other parks within Sierra Vista include Len Roberts Park, Hubert Tompkins Park, Garden Canyon Linear Park, Chaparral Village Park, Ciaramitaro Park, Bella Vista Park, Country Club Park, Nancy Hakes Park, Purple Heart Park, Soldier's Creek Park, Summit Park, Timothy Lane Park, A.V. Anderson Park, Bolin Airfield, James R. Landwehr Plaza, and Cyr Center Park.
===The Cove===
The Sierra Vista Aquatic Center, aka "The Cove," is a {{convert|36500|sqft|adj=on}} facility that contains {{convert|11347|sqft|abbr=on}} of pool water surface, which equates to over {{convert|575000|USgal}} of water. The Aquatic Center boasts a 0' depth, or "beach", entry, eight 25-yard lap lanes for lap and competitive swimming, and a wave machine with several wave patterns for Open Swim. The Cove has a submersible bulkhead which makes the switch from wave pool to competitive pool possible. The Cove also has a warm water therapy pool, children's lagoon with slide, two 1 meter diving boards and one 3 meter diving board, and two enclosed water tube slides to include a {{convert|150|ft|adj=on}} water tube slide.<ref name="Sierra Vista Aquatic Center">{{cite web|url=http://www.sierravistaaz.gov/department/division.php?fDD=16-257|title=Sierra Vista Aquatic Center|access-date=2012-01-12}}</ref>
===Veterans Memorial Cemetery===
Sierra Vista is home to one of four Arizona Veterans Memorial Cemeteries.<ref>[https://dvs.az.gov/services/memorials-burials Arizona Department of Veterans' Services – Cemeteries]</ref><ref>[https://dvs.az.gov/southern-memorial-cemetery Southern Arizona Veterans' Memorial Cemetery]</ref> Since it was developed by the [[Arizona Department of Veterans' Services]] over 7,000 burials have been undertaken.<ref>{{Find a Grave cemetery | id= 1757974| name= Southern Arizona Veterans Memorial Cemetery}}</ref> Entertainer and US Navy veteran of World War II [[Emmett Kelly Jr.]] is buried there.<ref>{{Findagrave|16906572|Emmett Kelly Jr.}}</ref>
==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1960= 3121
|1970= 6689
|1980= 24937
|1990= 32983
|2000= 37775
|2010= 43888
|estyear=2019
|estimate=43045
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html|date=May 24, 2020|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=May 27, 2020}}</ref>
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2016}}</ref>
}}
Sierra Vista is the largest of seven incorporated cities in Cochise County, accounting for one-third of the county's population.<ref name="cochise.edu">[http://www.cochise.edu/deptsdirs/organizations/cer/cer_publications.asp Cochise: Center For Economic Research – Publications<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724230948/http://www.cochise.edu/deptsdirs/organizations/cer/cer_publications.asp |date=2008-07-24 }}</ref> The population at the 2010 census was 43,888, up from 37,775 at the 2000 census, for a growth rate of 16.2% over the decade. Sierra Vista is the 21st largest incorporated place in Arizona as of the 2010 census.
Also indicated in the CER 2009 Economic Outlook publication, the Arizona DEC estimates the Sierra Vista Area population is approximately 75,000, which includes outlying areas of the [[Sierra Vista Southeast, Arizona|Sierra Vista Southeast]] Census Designated Place, [[Huachuca City, Arizona|Huachuca City]], [[Tombstone, Arizona|Tombstone]], [[Whetstone, Arizona|Whetstone]], [[Hereford, Arizona|Hereford]] and unincorporated surrounding areas. The population of the Sierra Vista Area is estimated to reach nearly 100,000 by 2028.
[[File:Sierra Vista - Saint Andrew the Apostle church - 1.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Saint Andrew the Apostle Church]]
According to the 2000 Census figures, the Sierra Vista population consists of 14,196 households, and 9,993 families residing in the city. The population density was 246.1 people per square mile (95.0/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 15,685 housing units at an average density of 102.2 per square mile (39.5/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of the city was 73.3% [[Race (United States Census)|White]], 10.9% [[Race (United States Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 3.6% [[Race (United States Census)|Asian]], 0.8% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]] and 0.5% [[Race (United States Census)|Pacific Islander]]. 6.1% of the population is from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 4.9% from two or more races. 15.8% of the population is [[Race (United States Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Race (United States Census)|Latino]].
There were 14,196 households, out of which 34.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.5% were married couples living together, 25.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.96.
In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 25.8% under the age of 18, 13.0% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 19.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.7 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $38,427, and the median income for a family was $44,077. Males had a median income of $30,053 versus $23,805 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $18,436. About 8.0% of families and 10.5% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 15.8% of those under age 18 and 4.0% of those age 65 or over.
As of the 2000 Census, of the population (37,775) 25 years and older 91.5 percent had at least a high school diploma or equivalent and an estimated 25.7 percent held a bachelor's degree or higher. The CER indicates that there has been an increasing trend for residents to attain a bachelor's degree or higher making the local area competitive in today's technological working environment. The estimated population of resident's educated at a post-secondary level (some college credit or more) in Sierra Vista is estimated to be higher than county, state, and national averages.<ref name="cochise.edu"/>
===Notable people===
[[File:Glynn R. Donaho.jpg|thumb|100px|right|Vice Admiral Donaho]]
[[File:Don Frye 1996 ufc10.jpg|thumb|100px|right|Don Frye]]
* [[Vice admiral (United States)|Vice Admiral]] [[Glynn R. Donaho]], World War II Submarine Commander awarded the Navy Cross four times.
* [[Pat Fleming (politician)|Patricia "Pat" Fleming]], former [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] member of the [[Arizona House of Representatives]].
* [[Don Frye]], [[mixed martial arts]] fighter, [[UFC 8]] and [[Ultimate Ultimate 1996|Ultimate Ultimate 2]] champion.
* [[Major general (United States)|Major General]] [[David Parker Gibbs]], former Chief of Communications and Electronics for the Department of the Army.
* [[Laurence Gibson]], American professional [[National Football League]] player drafted by the [[Dallas Cowboys]].
* [[David Gowan]], [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] Senator in the [[Arizona Senate|Arizona State Senate]] and the former Speaker of the Arizona House of Representatives.
* Vickie Hall, [[Miss Arizona]] 1975 who succeeded original Miss Arizona winner Stacey Peterson to crown when Peterson resigned.<ref>[https://www.pageantplanet.com/directory/pageant-system/miss-arizona-scholarship-pageants]; Pageant Planet; May 4, 2020</ref>
* [[Russ Klabough]], American [[Association football|soccer]] player who currently plays for [[FC Arizona]] in the [[National Premier Soccer League]].
* [[Yvonne Navarro]], [[Bram Stoker Award]] Winning and Best Selling author of more than twenty five books and a core [[Buffy the Vampire Slayer]] novel contributors.
* Erin Nurss, [[Miss Arizona]] 2008.<ref>[http://tucsoncitizen.com/morgue/2008/06/24/89113-ua-student-to-promote-healthy-habits-during-miss-arizona-reign/ UA Student to Promote Healthy Habits During Miss Arizona Reign]; Tucson Citizen; June 24, 2008</ref>
* [[Weston Ochse]], [[Bram Stoker Award]] Winning and Best Selling author of more than thirty books.
* [[Nicole Powell]], [[basketball]] player in the [[Women's National Basketball Association|WNBA]] team [[New York Liberty]].
* [[Adam Saathoff]], American sport shooter for the National Running Target Team. Three time [[United States at the Olympics|Olympic]] competitor for [[United States national team|Team USA]] and silver and bronze medalists in 1998 and 2002 [[ISSF World Shooting Championships|World Championships]] respectively.
* Audrey Sibley, [[Miss Arizona]] 2005.<ref>[http://www.cmt.com/asm/events/miss_america/2006/comcast/contestant.jhtml?data=/shows/events/miss_america/2006/xml/contestants/arizona.jhtml Audrey Sibley – Miss Arizona]; CMT.com; 2006</ref>
* [[Glenn Spencer]], [[anti-immigration]] activist and operator of [[American Border Patrol]].<ref name="SPLC">{{cite web|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual/glenn-spencer|title=Glenn Spencer|date=2016-05-19|publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center|location=Montgomery, AL|work=Southern Poverty Law Center|access-date=2018-02-06}}</ref>
* [[David Stevens (politician)|David Stevens]], form Republican member of the Arizona House of Representatives.
* [[Young Seph]], American music producer and songwriter. Has produced for artists such as [[50 Cent]], [[Jim Jones (rapper)|Jim Jones]], [[Lloyd Banks]], [[Troy Ave]], [[Rocko (rapper)|Rocko]], [[Young Buck]], and [[Havoc (musician)|Havoc]].
==Government==
The City of Sierra Vista is a council-manager municipality. The city council sets public policy while a professional city manager implements policy and oversees the day-to-day operation of the city.
[[Fort Huachuca]], a [[U.S. Army]] post, an active and historical military installation and a communications and information technology hub, was annexed into the city in 1971. In addition, the city has been actively working to annex Cochise County enclaves within city limits as outlined in the City Council's strategic plan "Our Future Vistas".<ref name="Future Vistas">{{cite web| url=http://www.ci.sierra-vista.az.us/cms1/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1102&Itemid=404| title=City of Sierra Vista, City Council, Strategic Plan| date=2009-06-29| access-date=2009-06-29}}</ref>
==Economy==
Sierra Vista is the commercial center for Cochise County and parts of northern Mexico. Retailers such as [[Lowe's]], [[Home Depot]], [[Walmart]], [[Target Corporation|Target]], [[Dillard's]], and [[Marshalls]] are located in the community, along with three major supermarkets and dozens of smaller specialty shops. [[The Mall at Sierra Vista]] is a {{convert|400000|sqft|m2|adj=on}} mall located in Sierra Vista.
Sierra Vista has a substantial employment base due to Fort Huachuca — the community's major employer and primary driving economic force. Because of contracts with the Army, the professional, scientific and technical services sector is unusually large, but nearly half of all jobs in Sierra Vista are in the government sector.
[[Wick Communications]], which publishes several dozen newspapers in some twelve states, is headquartered in Sierra Vista.
==Education==
[[File:Sierra Vista Public Library.jpg|thumb|500px|right|Sierra Vista Public Library]]
The [[Sierra Vista Unified School District]] includes one high school, [[Buena High School (Arizona)|Buena High School]], one middle school, and six elementary schools. There are also several [[Charter school|charter]] and private education opportunities. Higher education is available through the [[University of Arizona, College of Applied Science & Technology]] and [[Cochise Community College]].
There is a {{convert|31000|sqft|m2|adj=on}} public library located within the city limits across from city hall.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cochiselibrary.org/client/en_US/sierravista|title=Sierra Vista|website=cochiselibrary.org|language=en|access-date=2018-02-08}}</ref>
==Culture==
[[File:Pictographs in the Huachuca Mountains.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Pictographs in the [[Huachuca Mountains]]]]
Sierra Vista has a variety of cultural and family-oriented activities throughout the year. Some of the major events include the Cochise Cowboy Poetry and Music Gathering in February, the Festival of the Southwest in the spring, Independence Day celebration, the Southwest Wings Festival in August for bird watching enthusiasts, and Arizona's longest-running holiday parade in December. During the winter months, the Sierra Vista Symphony Orchestra presents three concerts of classical and popular music, including pre-concert seminars, and puts on special fund raising events. Throughout the year, the Art Discovery Series presents plays, concerts, and musicals, and in the summer, there are regular band concerts at Veterans' Park, as well as many activities at the Sierra Vista Public Library such as a film series, lectures, readings, and other programs for children and adults. [[Pictographs]] created by Native Americans can be found in certain areas of the Huachuca Mountains.
The Gray Hawk Nature Center [http://www.grayhawknaturecenter.org] offering nature education programs and housing live [[reptile]] and [[invertebrate]] exhibits is located nearby on the San Pedro River.
==Media==
Sierra Vista is served by the ''[[Sierra Vista Herald]]'' since 1955.
In 2016 a Social Network Based News Agency was started called Sierra Vista News Network or SVNN. The Facebook page and other Networks SVNN operates include political coverage, Live Streamed High School Sports, and on demand Live News Coverage.
Television station [[KWBA-TV]], channel 58, is licensed to Sierra Vista and serves the Tucson/Sierra Vista market.<ref name="FCC">[https://stations.fcc.gov/station-profile/kwba-tv FCC Record for KWBA-TV]</ref> The station has broadcast since 1996 and is an affiliate of [[The CW]] network. The station's transmission tower is located in the Santa Rita Mountains between Sierra Vista and Tucson. Other area television stations include [[KFTU-DT]], channel 36, the Spanish-language [[UniMás]] affiliate, licensed to Douglas with a broadcast tower in the Mule Mountains near Sierra Vista; and community station [[K33CG]], channel 33, a former [[Trinity Broadcasting Network|TBN]] affiliate. {{citation needed|date=January 2019}}
Radio station [[KZMK]] (K-101) serves as a [[Top 40]] hits [[FM broadcasting|FM]] radio station covering Sierra Vista and most of Cochise County. The station provides live broadcasts for significant events occurring in and around the city.<ref>[http://www.allhitskzmk.com/Homepage/10310222 K101 Radio station] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713025148/http://www.allhitskzmk.com/Homepage/10310222 |date=2014-07-13 }}</ref> Sister radio station [[KTAN]] (1420 AM) broadcasts a [[News Talk Information]] format. Both stations are owned by CCR-Sierra Vista IV, LLC., which also owns nearby [[Bisbee, Arizona]] radio station [[KWCD]] (92.3 FM), which broadcasts a [[country music]] format.
Radio station [[KWRB]] (formerly "The Spark") serves as a Christian [[FM broadcast band|FM]] radio station covering [[Bisbee, Arizona|Bisbee]] and most of Cochise County, on the 90.9 MHz frequency. They also have an alternative station that serves [[Willcox, Arizona|Willcox]], which repeats the station using the callsign K274CB, on 102.7 MHz frequency. Both radio stations are owned by World Radio Network, Inc.{{cn|date=November 2020}}
==Sports teams and events==
The Cochise County Cavaliers have combined with the Bisbee Ironmen, both former members of the Arizona Football League (AzFL), to form the Cochise County Ironmen. The Ironmen began their first season of play in 2011.<ref>[http://azfl.org/ Arizona Football League]</ref>
==Healthcare==
Canyon Vista Medical Center (CVMC) and the [[Raymond W. Bliss]] Army Health Center (located on nearby [[Fort Huachuca]]) serve the community's health care needs. Medical personnel of all major specialties are available in the area. Canyon Vista Medical Center was recently completed adjoining an existing Ambulatory Surgery and Imaging Center on [[Arizona State Route 90|SR 90]]. A management agreement for long term operations of the hospital was signed with RegionalCare Hospital Partners. The [[United States Department of Veterans Affairs|US Department of Veterans Affairs]] opened a clinic in Sierra Vista to better serve the area's large retired military population.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tucson.va.gov/CBOCs/SierraVista.asp |title=Sierra Vista Community Based Outpatient Clinic |access-date=2010-09-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100409093515/http://www.tucson.va.gov/CBOCs/SierraVista.asp |archive-date=2010-04-09 }}; United States Department of Veterans Affairs; April 6, 2010</ref>
===Regional health concerns===
Residents and health professionals became concerned after observing an elevated number of [[leukemia]] and related childhood cancer cases being reported in Sierra Vista since 1995. In 2001, with seven reported cases since 1995, the Arizona Department of Health Services (ADHS) determined the number of cases was [[Cancer cluster|statistically elevated]] over the expected norm. In response, the ADHS launched an environmental review of air, drinking water and soil in the Sierra Vista area to determine if environmental exposure had placed residents at greater risk of childhood leukemia or other cancers. By October 2002, the ADHS in conjunction with the Arizona Cancer Registry, determined that, "No common environmental exposure from drinking water, ambient air or waste sites were identified that might have placed residents of the Sierra Vista area at greater risk of developing leukemia." No further action was recommended at that time.<ref>[http://www.azdhs.gov/phs/oeh/pdf/sierra_vista_sept12.pdf 2002 Environmental Study by ADHS]</ref>
In 2003, three more cases of leukemia were reported. The [[Centers for Disease Control]] (CDC) was hesitant to investigate in depth, initially leaving the matter to state health departments, but became involved after the ADHS requested their assistance in the spring of 2003. The CDC concluded two formal studies, in 2004 and 2006, with mixed results. They did not discover any environmental causes for the increased incidence of leukemia, but they did note that they only tested four children with leukemia. They cautioned that with such a small number of study participants, "any attempt to measure associations between environmental exposure and disease would be inherently suspect and not statistically appropriate." Biological samples were tested for 128 chemicals, with results showing average or below average levels for all chemicals except [[tungsten]], [[styrene]] and [[Polychlorinated biphenyl|PCB]]-52, which were above average.<ref>[https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/clusters/sierravista/SierraVistaReportOnly.pdf CDC Biosampling Final Report – 2006]</ref><ref>[http://www.tucsonweekly.com/gbase/Currents/Content?oid=oid:82339 For the Kids – Parents, scientists investigate cancer cluster]</ref><ref>[https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/clusters/sierravista/default.htm CDC Main catalog of Sierra Vista studies]</ref>
There were no more reported cases in the several years following the CDC reports, bringing the occurrence statistics back in line with national averages. However, with a total of thirteen children diagnosed and another five potentially linked cases being investigated since 1995, some people still have concerns.<ref>[http://www.tucsonweekly.com/gbase/Currents/Content?oid=oid:53523 Cancer Wars – Leukemia cases in Sierra Vista]</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20090217125036/http://www.svherald.com/articles/2009/02/13/news/doc499525a7784cb596310331.txt Possible tungsten-leukemia link]</ref><ref>[https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/clusters/sierravista/ CDC Cluster studies]</ref><ref>[http://cochise.az.gov/cochise_health.aspx?id=1708 Cochise County Health Department] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527172819/http://cochise.az.gov/cochise_health.aspx?id=1708 |date=2010-05-27 }} Review of cluster studies; Updated January 2010</ref>
==Transportation==
[[File:Vista Transit Center.jpg|thumb|300px|Vista Transit Building]]
Sierra Vista is supported by a public mass transit system called [[Sierra Vista Public Transit System|Vista Transit]], operated by the city.<ref>[http://www.sierravistaaz.gov/city-departments/transit/ Vista Transit]</ref> [[Huachuca City, Arizona|Huachuca City Transit]] operates between Huachuca City and Sierra Vista.<ref>{{Cite web| title = Transit| work = Town of Huachuca City| access-date = 2018-10-20| url = https://www.huachucacityaz.gov/town-departments/transit/}}</ref> [[Douglas, Arizona|Cochise Connection]] runs between [[Douglas, Arizona|Douglas]], [[Bisbee, Arizona|Bisbee]], and Sierra Vista.<ref>{{Cite web| title = Schedule {{!}} Douglas, AZ| access-date = 2018-10-20| url = https://www.douglasaz.gov/481/Schedule}}</ref> [[Greyhound Lines]] offers service from Sierra Vista to [[Tucson, Arizona|Tucson]] and [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]].
There are two highways ([[Arizona State Route 90|SR 90]] and [[Arizona State Route 92|SR 92]]) connecting Sierra Vista with neighboring communities. The city is also served by the [[Sierra Vista Municipal Airport]] (FHU) which is jointly operated by the U.S. Army as [[Libby Army Airfield]]. Currently there are no commercial flights arriving to or departing from FHU.
===Major highways===
* [[Image:Arizona 90.svg|30px]] [[Arizona State Route 90|State Route 90]]
* [[File:Arizona 92.svg|30px]] [[Arizona State Route 92|State Route 92]]
==Sister cities==
Sierra Vista established its Sister Cities program in 1989 with Resolution 2282 in order to promote a relationship with [[Cananea]]. Sierra Vista was later twinned with [[Radebeul]] on May 22, 1998 by Resolution 3956. Sierra Vista and Radebeul currently have a foreign exchange program with each other.<ref name= "Sierra Vista Sister Cities Commission">{{Cite web |url= http://www.sierravistaaz.gov/department/board.php?fDD=15-38|title= Sierra Vista Sister Cities Commission|access-date=February 9, 2012 }}</ref>
* {{flagdeco|MEX}} [[Cananea]], [[Sonora]], Mexico
* {{flagdeco|DEU}} [[Radebeul]], [[Saxony]], Germany
==Picture gallery==
<gallery>
Carr Canyon Huachuca Mountains.jpg|Carr Canyon in the [[Huachuca Mountains]]
Ramsey Canyon - Sierra Vista - AZ - 2015-10-01at13-09-248 (22241573842).jpg|Ramsey Canyon
Winter_sv.JPG|Snow-capped mountains outside Sierra Vista
Magnificent Hummingbird (male) Huachuca Canyon Sierra Vista AZ-4 (35488225900).jpg|[[Eugenes|Magnificent Hummingbird (''Eugenes'')]] in Huachuca Canyon
Bridled Titmouse Upper Miller Canyon Sierra Vista AZ 2018-11-03 10-17-41 (45041556714).jpg|[[Bridled Titmouse|Bridled Titmouse (''Baeolophus wollweberi'')]] in Upper Miller Canyon
Turkey Vulture Upper Miller Canyon Sierra Vista AZ 2018-11-03 08-40-07 (43948962270).jpg|[[Turkey Vulture|Turkey Vulture (''Cathartes aura'')]] in Upper Miller Canyon
Grace's Warbler Reef Townsite Carr Canyon Sierra Vista AZ 2018-07-25 09-31-14 (43692864472).jpg|[[Grace's Warbler|Grace's Warbler (''Setophaga graciae'')]] at Reef Townsite in Carr Canyon
Olive Warbler (male) Upper Miller Canyon Sierra Vista AZ 2018-11-03 10-17-14 (30826606097).jpg|[[Olive Warbler|Olive Warbler (''Peucedramus taeniatus'')]] in Upper Miller Canyon
Virginia's Warbler Carr Canyon Sierra Vista AZ 2018-05-24 12-50-53 (33981503228).jpg|[[Virginia's Warbler|Virginia's Warbler (''Leiothlypis virginiae'')]] in Carr Canyon
Whiskered Screech-Owl Upper Miller Canyon Sierra Vista AZ 2018-11-03 12-44-27 (31895104988).jpg|[[Whiskered Screech Owl|Whiskered Screech Owl (''Megascops trichopsis'')]] in Upper Miller Canyon
Brown-crested Flycatcher & Acorn Woodpecker Huachuca Canyon (lower) Sierra Vista AZ 2019-05-05 09-32-27 (46891433535).jpg|[[Brown-crested Flycatcher|Brown-crested Flycatcher (''Myiarchus tyrannulus'')]] & [[Acorn Woodpecker|Acorn Woodpecker (''Melanerpes formicivorus'')]] in Lower Huachuca Canyon
Cassin's Kingbird Huachuca Canyon (lower) Sierra Vista AZ 2019-05-05 10-21-09 (33930831188).jpg|[[Cassin's Kingbird|Cassin's Kingbird (''Tyrannus vociferans'')]] in Lower Huachuca Canyon
Dark-eyed Junco (Gray-headed Rockies-Great Basin-no bicolored bill) Upper Miller Canyon Sierra Vista AZ 2018-11-03 10-54-06 (31895111058).jpg|[[Dark-eyed Junco|Dark-eyed Junco (Gray-headed Rockies-Great Basin-no bicolored bill) (''Junco hyemalis'')]] in Upper Miller Canyon
Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher Huachuca Canyon Sierra Vista AZ-11 (35036843784).jpg|[[Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher|Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher (''Myiodynastes luteiventris'')]] in Huachuca Canyon
Western Flycatcher Huachuca Canyon Sierra Vista AZ 2018-08-25 09-20-12 (48038253981).jpg|[[Cordilleran flycatcher|Western Flycatcher]] in Huachuca Canyon
Elegant Trogon (female) Huachuca Canyon Sierra Vista AZ (35488215750).jpg|[[Elegant Trogon|Elegant Trogon (''Trogon elegans'')]] in Huachuca Canyon
Tachinid Fly Huachuca Canyon Sierra Vista AZ 2018-09-09 10-20-01 (44765280285).jpg|[[Tachinidae|Tachinid Fly (''Tachinidae'')]] in Huachuca Canyon
Yarrow's Spiny Lizard Huachuca Canyon Sierra Vista AZ (35706954302).jpg|[[Sceloporus jarrovii|Yarrow's Spiny Lizard (''Sceloporus jarrovii'')]] in Huachuca Canyon
Common Ground-Dove San Pedro House & River Sierra Vista AZ 2019-05-06 11-52-31 (47762255252).jpg|[[Common Ground Dove|Common Ground Dove (''Columbina passerina'')]] at the San Pedro House & River
Mallard (Mexican subspecies) & ducklings San Pedro House & River Sierra Vista AZ 2019-05-06 09-31-25 (33937322668).jpg|[[Mallard|Mallard (Mexican Subspecies) (''Anas platyrhynchos'')]] with ducklings at the San Pedro House and River
Nabakov's Satyr Huachuca Canyon Sierra Vista AZ 2018-09-09 12-09-24 (44765279945).jpg|[[Nabokov's Satyr|Nabokov's Satyr (''Cyllopsis pyracmon'')]] in Huachuca Canyon
</gallery>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
* [http://www.ci.sierra-vista.az.us/cms1//resources/PIO/FAQ/Community%20Profile.pdf Sierra Vista Community Profile]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110728074642/http://www.svedf.org/commprofile.htm Sierra Vista Economic Development Foundation]
* [http://www.azcommerce.com/doclib/PROP/Originals/Community%20Economic%20Analysis/Southeast/Sierra%20Vista/Sierra%20Vista.pdf Arizona Department of Commerce Study]
==External links==
* [http://www.SierraVistaAZ.gov/ City of Sierra Vista official website]
* [http://www.svherald.com/ ''The Sierra Vista Herald'']
{{commons category}}
{{wikivoyage|Sierra Vista}}
{{Cochise County, Arizona}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Sierra Vista, Arizona| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Arizona]]
[[Category:Cities in Cochise County, Arizona]]
[[Category:Micropolitan areas of Arizona]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext ) | '{{Redirect|Sierra Vista|places in California|Sierra Vista, California (disambiguation)}}
{{short description|City in Arizona, United States}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Sierra Vista
|settlement_type = [[City]]
|nickname = Hummingbird Capital of the United States
|image_skyline = Sierra Vista AZ City Hall.jpg
|imagesize = 300px
|image_caption = Sierra Vista, AZ City Hall
|image_seal =
|image_map = File:Cochise County Arizona Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Sierra Vista Highlighted 0466820.svg
|mapsize = 250px
|map_caption = Location of Sierra Vista in Cochise County, Arizona
|image_map1 = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=325|frame-height=325|zoom=10|frame-lat=31.5455|frame-long=-110.2763|type=shape-inverse|id= Q79891|title=Sierra Vista|stroke-width=3}}
|mapsize1 = 260px
|map_caption1 = Interactive map outlining Sierra Vista
|pushpin_map = USA
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in the United States
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Arizona|County]]
|subdivision_name = [[United States]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Arizona]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Cochise County, Arizona|Cochise]]
|established_title = Incorporated
|established_date = 1956
|government_type =
|leader_title = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name = Rick Mueller
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 = 394.92
|area_total_sq_mi = 152.48
|area_land_km2 = 394.24
|area_land_sq_mi = 152.22
|area_water_km2 = 0.68
|area_water_sq_mi = 0.26
|elevation_ft = 4633
|elevation_m = 1412
|population_as_of = [[2010 United States Census|2010]]
|population_est = 43045
|pop_est_as_of = 2019
|pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse"/>
|population_footnotes = <ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2014-07-06}}</ref>
|population_total = 43888
|population_metro =
|population_density_km2 = 109.19
|population_density_sq_mi = 282.79
|timezone = [[Mountain Standard Time Zone|MST]] (no [[Daylight savings time|DST]])
|utc_offset = −7
|coordinates = {{coord|31|32|44|N|110|16|35|W|region:US-AZ_type:city|display=it}}
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]s
|postal_code = 85600-85699
|area_code = [[Area code 520|520]]
|area_code_type = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 04-66820
|blank1_name =
|blank1_info =
|website = {{URL|www.SierraVistaAZ.gov}}
|footnotes =
|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_04.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=June 30, 2020}}</ref>
}}
'''Sierra Vista''' is a city in [[Cochise County, Arizona]], [[United States]]. As of the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]] the population of the city was 43,888.<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web| url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US0466820| archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212183013/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US0466820| url-status=dead| archive-date=February 12, 2020| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Sierra Vista city, Arizona| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder| access-date=June 12, 2014}}</ref> The city is part of the [[Sierra Vista-Douglas, AZ Metropolitan Statistical Area|Sierra Vista-Douglas Metropolitan Area]],<ref name="Eller">Rice, Valorie H and Hammond, George W. (2013). [https://ebr.eller.arizona.edu/research/articles/2013/2012_economic_census.asp "Arizona has a new metropolitan area: Sierra Vista-Douglas"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208052149/https://ebr.eller.arizona.edu/research/articles/2013/2012_economic_census.asp |date=2015-12-08 }}</ref> with a 2010 population of 131,346. [[Fort Huachuca]], a [[U.S. Army]] post, is located in the northwest part of the city.
Sierra Vista, which is Spanish for "Mountain View", is located {{convert|75|mi}} southeast of [[Tucson, Arizona|Tucson]] and serves as the main commercial, cultural, and recreational hub of Cochise County. Phat ass
==History==
As evidenced by several neolithic sites,<ref>{{Cite book|title=Murray Springs : a Clovis site with multiple activity areas in the San Pedro Valley, Arizona|date=2007|publisher=University of Arizona Press|others=Haynes, C. Vance, Jr., 1928–, Huckell, Bruce B.|isbn=9780816525799|location=Tucson|oclc=80019780}}</ref> which include the [[Murray Springs Clovis Site]] and known archeological sites like the [[Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site]], [[Paleo-Indians]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.discoverseaz.com/History/PaleoInd.html|title=Paleo-Indians|website=www.discoverseaz.com|access-date=2018-02-08}}</ref> along with other unique animals to include [[mammoth]]s, [[Horses in the United States|horses]], [[Tapirus merriami|tapir]], [[bison]], and [[Camelops|camels]] occupied the area more than 11,000 years ago (9000 [[BCE]]). Both the Murray Springs Clovis Site and the Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site are now [[National Historic Landmark]]s. This area was the home to a large [[Sobaipuri]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Sierra Vista : young city with a past|last=Jackson.|first=Price, Ethel|date=2003|publisher=Arcadia|isbn=0738524344|location=Charleston, SC|oclc=53882709}}</ref> Pueblo near Fairbank<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.seymourharlan.com/My_Homepage_Files/Page1.html|title=Sobaipuri Archaeology, An Introduction|website=www.seymourharlan.com|access-date=2018-02-08}}</ref> which had several smaller pueblos and settlements<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.saguaro-juniper.com/i_and_i/history/early_history/fr_kino_visits.html|title=Fr. Kino's Visits to the San Pedro|website=www.saguaro-juniper.com|access-date=2018-02-08}}</ref> throughout the valley,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.seymourharlan.com/My_Homepage_Files/Page23.html|title=Quiburi|website=www.seymourharlan.com|access-date=2018-02-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title="1762 On the San Pedro: Reevaluating Sobaípuri-O'odham Abandonment and New Apache Raiding Corridors" The Journal of Arizona History. 52 (2)|last=Seymour|first=Deni|publisher=The Journal of Arizona History|date=Summer 2011|pages=169–188}}</ref> a [[Spain|Spanish]] Fort, [[Presidio Santa Cruz de Terrenate]] <ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sterner|first1=Matthew A.|last2=Majewski|first2=Teresita|date=1998|title=Homesteading and Ranching on Fort Huachuca's East Range: National Register of Historic Places Evaluations of Slash Z Ranch Site and Three Associated Sites|journal=National Register of Historic Places Evaluations|publisher=Statistical Research, Inc; Tucson, AZ|volume=Department of the Army Technical Report 98-22, DABT63-93-D-0011 Delivery Order 4}}</ref> between modern [[Huachuca City, Arizona|Huachuca City]] [[Whetstone (CDP), Arizona|, Whetstone]] and [[Tombstone, Arizona|Tombstone]], on the Western bank of the [[San Pedro River (Arizona)|San Pedro River]].<ref name=":1" /> along with sparse Spanish settlers supporting the route to Tucson's [[Mission San Xavier del Bac]] and ''[[Presidio San Augustin del Tucson|Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.library.arizona.edu/exhibits/desertdoc/roster.htm|title=Desert Documentary by Kieran McCarty – Chapter 20: Spanish Tucson's Last Roster|last=McCarty|first=Kieran|website=www.library.arizona.edu|access-date=2018-02-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huachuca.army.mil/sites/History/PDFS/prololgue.pdf|title=Huachuca Illustrated, A Magazine of the Fort Huachuca Museum, Vol. 4 1999" (PDF)|last=U.S. Army, Fort Huachuca|access-date=October 29, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=The Latest Word from 1540: People, Places, and Portrayals of the Coronado Expedition|last=Flint, Richard and Shirley|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|date=October 16, 2011|isbn=978-0826350602}}</ref> [[Coronado National Memorial]] was established in the southern Huachuca Mountains to commemorate the expedition of the Spanish [[conquistador]] [[Francisco Vázquez de Coronado]] utilizing the nearby San Pedro River in his northward search of the Cities of Cíbola, often referred to now as the mythical [[Seven Cities of Gold]].
[[File:Montezumapass.JPG|thumb|300px|left|Montezuma Pass at [[Coronado National Memorial]]. The United States / Mexican border fence can be seen in the middle of this photograph. Mexico is on the right / south side of the fence.]]
Like most of [[Cochise County, Arizona|Cochise County]], this area was part of the [[Gadsden Purchase]] of 1854.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1830-1860/gadsden-purchase|title=Milestones: 1830–1860 – Office of the Historian|website=history.state.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-02-08}}</ref> At the end of the [[Apache Wars]] in 1886, with the protection of [[Fort Huachuca]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arizonahandbook.com/huachuca.htm|title=Huachuca Mountains|website=www.arizonahandbook.com|access-date=2018-02-08}}</ref> and the completion of the [[Southern Pacific]] and [[El Paso and Southwestern Railroad|El Paso & Southwestern]] railroads, the [[San Pedro Valley (Arizona)|San Pedro Valley]] began to be populated by American settlers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.blm.gov/az/sfo/aravaipa/history.htm|title=Aravaipa Canyon Wilderness Prehistory and History|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060214210610/http://www.blm.gov/az/sfo/aravaipa/history.htm|archive-date=2006-02-14|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sierravistaaz.gov/event/guided-history-walk-presidio-santa-cruz/2018-02-03/|title=Guided History Walk – Presidio Santa Cruz}}</ref>
The first business that opened just outside the east gate of Fort Huachuca was a [[Western saloon|saloon]] and [[brothel|"house of ill repute"]] owned by John and Ellen Reilly, which opened in 1892. In 1911, Margaret Carmichael<ref name=":5">{{Cite book|title=Cochise County stalwarts : a who's who of the territorial years : merchants, miners and millmen, ranchers and farmers, hostelers and restaurateurs, bankers, attorneys and judges, contractors, freighters, stage line operators and blacksmiths, saloonists and gamblers, marshals, sheriffs and constables, printers, lumbermen, postmasters, journalists, educators, politicians and promoters, and a few badmen and outlaws, who made an impact, thrown in for flavor|last=1937–|first=Bailey, Lynn R. (Lynn Robison)|date=2000|publisher=Westernlore Press|others=Chaput, Donald.|isbn=0870261126|location=Tucson, Ariz.|oclc=46826073}}</ref> bought the Reilly homestead and business. By 1913, Margaret Carmichael had leased the business back to the Reillys. Also in 1913, a group of dry land farmers settled in the local area and named their settlement Buena. Buena was located east of Garden Canyon, between Lewis Springs and Fort Huachuca, east of the junction of present-day Hwy 90 and Hwy 92.<ref name=":1" /> At this site was a post office and a school house that served children in Buena, Garden Canyon and outreaches of the local area. Oliver Fry<ref name=":5" /> and his two oldest sons traveled from [[Texas]] on the railroad and settled on {{convert|320|acre|km2}} just east of Fort Huachuca in January, 1913.<ref name=":1" />
By 1917, the Overton Post Office was established. This name came from the Overton Mercantile and Investment Company, which took option on the Carmichael property with plans to develop a townsite outside of Fort Huachuca. However, it is believed that the company was unable to persuade anyone to move to the area so when the option expired, the Carmichaels took back the property with a general mercantile store and the post office.
In 1918, the Carmichaels changed the name of the store and named it after the Garden Canyon Sawmill.<ref name=":1" /> They also called their Post Office where Carmichael was the postmaster Garden Canyon.<ref name=":1" /> In addition, the Carmichaels built a home across the street from Garden Canyon store, as well as 18 rock houses, on Garden Avenue. From 1927 to 1938, the Frys rented the Carmichael store and ran the post office. The Frys established their own general store and the first official federally recognized post office established in 1938 as Fry post office, so the name of this settlement changed to Fry.<ref name=":1" /> By World War II, Fry's reputation was less than salubrious. According to the "Employment of Negro Troops" (CMH), "Because it was surrounded by a desert with no nearby communities and because it was located in a part of the country with practically no Negro population, Fort Huachuca, since the days when it was a frontier
post garrisoned with Negro soldiers of the old regiments, had considered Fry a quasi-necessary adjunct.... In Fry lived women.... As the post commander described it in 1942: The small town of Fry is dirty, unsanitary and squalid. It has been so for many years. It was made worse in these respects during
the construction of the cantonment...." (p. 282)
[[File:AN ELEVATED VIEW OF FORT HUACHUCA TAKEN IN 1918 AN DLOOKING TO THE NORTHEAST (FORT HUACHUCA HISTORICAL MUSEUM, PHOTOGRAPH 1918.00.00.20, PHOTOGRAPHER UNIDENTIFIED, CREATED BY AND HABS AZ-210-12.tif|thumb|300px|left|Fort Huachuca in 1918]]
When the base was reactivated on February 1, 1954, the base commander Brigadier General Emil Lenzner pushed for incorporation as both a way to solve the on-base housing problems as well as to distance themselves from reputation of "The White City" and Fry Town Settlement, hoping to encourage people to want to live off base in a more family-friendly community, away from undesirables like the minorities allowed to live unsegregated in Fry Town.<ref name=":1" /> Petitions for incorporation began to be filed in 1955 and were legally accepted in 1956, which included what had been Garden Canyon and Buena but did not include most of Fry Town. This was in part to keep a Federal Housing Authority (FHA) housing project contacts for housing off post away from the Fry Town area, and was used as a rationale to incorporate and begin getting a share of tax revenues without having to pay the Fry family for the parts of Fry Town considered desirable and wholesome.<ref name=":1" />
In 1955, the first attempt to incorporate and rename the area was rejected, as Fry opposed both incorporating and renaming the town that bore his family name. In 1956, the ballot issue failed 76 to 61. People who owned land outside of Fry's property in the area of Garden Canyon/Overton and Buena, as well as parts of Fry<ref name=":1" /> went forward with incorporation and renaming by petition on May 26, 1956, excluding the half-square-mile owned by Fry that included the local red light district called "the White City" as well as off base housing of the African-American "Buffalo" soldier officers' families,<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|title=Early Sierra Vista; its People and Neighbors|last=Hein|first=Jac|publisher=Banner Printing Center|year=1983|location=Sierra Vista, AZ, USA|pages=138–139, 172}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Fort Huachuca: The story of a frontier post|last=Smith|first=Cornelius C.|publisher=U.S Government Printing Office|location=Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402}}</ref> and other minorities and groups they considered undesirable in the 1950s.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|date=Spring–Summer 2015|title=Journey to Cochise County: Explore the lives and Stories of those who have make Cochise County their home|journal=The Cochise County Historical Journal|publisher=Cochise County Historical Society along with the Smithsonian Museum to accompany the Main Street traveling exhibit "Journey Stories" February 22 – April 5, 2014|volume= 45| issue = 1}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book|title=A pictorial history of Sierra Vista, Arizona : more than a city, a way of life|date=2006|publisher=Pediment Pub|others=Tritz, Judith|isbn=1597250589|location=[Place of publication not identified]|oclc=74175599}}</ref> They were described as the "Fry People."<ref name=":4" />
Sierra Vista was incorporated in 1956. The proposed town council held a radio contest<ref name=":4" /> asking for names of the proposed town. Marie Pfister, the city clerk, asked her friend Nola Walker to store the suggestions. When the town was approved, they called Nola for the contest winner, but without counting the votes she told them her personal entry of "Sierra Vista" was the winner. On July 13, 2006 at a special ceremony during the city's 50th anniversary, Nola was granted "clemency" for her misrepresentation of the vote.<ref name=":2" />
In 1961 the community had grown large enough to be classified as a city, allowing the establishment of a community college.<ref name=":1" /> In 1973 Ethel Berger became the first female mayor in Arizona.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> In the 1970s the Art in the Park Festival was established by a committee of Army Wives, with it proceeds benefiting the Huachuca Arts Association, and college scholarships.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /> Sierra Vista annexed Fort Huachuca, a U.S. military base, one of the largest employers in Arizona, and the adjacent community, in 1971.
Sierra Vista was the site of the first [[McDonald's]] drive thru, which opened in 1975.<ref>[http://www.slate.com/articles/life/transport/2009/12/were_thru.html We're Thru]; Slate; December 11, 2009</ref> The owner, Dave Rich, drove the innovative approach to gain the business of the soldiers from nearby Fort Huachuca. At that time, soldiers were not allowed to wear their military fatigues off of the military base.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Stockmar|first=Steve|title=How Sierra Vista McDonald's drove into history|language=en|work=The Sierra Vista Herald|url=http://www.svherald.com/free_access/how-sierra-vista-mcdonald-s-drove-into-history/article_4f1460c2-0090-11e7-b5a7-277a7ccc5e2a.html|access-date=2017-07-01}}</ref><ref name=":1" />
Sierra Vista has a population of over 43,000 today. The city is the economic and commercial center of Cochise County, and northern [[Sonora]], Mexico.
Known historical names for the area:<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":2" />
* 1878 Papingo
* 1898 Overton
* 1909 Garden Canyon
* 1915 Buena
* 1938 Fry, Frytown, Fry Township, Fry Settlement
* 1942–1945 "The White City", "Green Top" or "The Hook"
* 1955 Town of Sierra Vista
* 1961 City of Sierra Vista
==Geography==
[[File:Ramsey Canyon - Sierra Vista - AZ - 2015-10-01at12-01-191 (22067507569).jpg|thumb|300px|left|Ramsey Canyon]]
Sierra Vista is located in southwestern Cochise County at {{Coord|31|32|44|N|110|16|35|W|type:city}} (31.545498, −110.276500).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> It is bordered on the northwest by the much smaller town of [[Huachuca City, Arizona|Huachuca City]].
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|395.1|km2|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|394.4|km2|order=flip}} is land and {{convert|0.7|km2|order=flip}} is water. It is located {{convert|4623|ft|m}} above sea level. Sierra Vista is flanked on the southwest side by the [[Huachuca Mountains]], with [[Miller Peak (Arizona)|Miller Peak]] rising to {{convert|9466|ft}} and [[Carr Peak]] to {{convert|9236|ft}}, both south of the city limits. The city is accessible via Arizona State Routes [[Arizona State Route 90|90]] and [[Arizona State Route 92|92]]. The [[San Pedro River (Arizona)|San Pedro River]] flows just east of the city limits.
[[File:Sierra vista map.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Geography surrounding Sierra Vista]]
===Climate===
[[File:Huachuca Mountains in the Winter2.jpg|thumb|300px|left|Huachuca Mountains in the winter]]
In the [[Köppen climate classification]] system, Sierra Vista falls within the typical cold [[semi-arid climate]] (''BSk'') of mid-altitude Arizona. Fall and spring, like most other parts of Arizona, are very dry. Winters are cool to cold with frosts which can occasionally be hard freezes; frost can be expected to stop in mid- to late April. Spring, like fall, spends about half of itself within the frost season. Summer starts off dry, but progressively gets wetter as the monsoon season approaches. The city has a fairly stable climate with very little humidity. However, the [[North American Monsoon]] can bring torrential rains during the months of July and August and will produce almost half the yearly rainfall in just those two months alone. Due to the dry climate the rest of the year and the city's high elevation, daily winter low temperatures range from {{convert|20|to|30|F|C|1}} on average and up to {{convert|50|F|C|1}} on rare occasions when moist fronts bring warm air from the Gulf of California. Snow is not a common sight on the streets of Sierra Vista though some years the city can receive several inches of snow and other years it will receive none. However, a snow-capped [[Miller Peak (Arizona)|Miller Peak]] and [[Carr Peak]] in the [[Huachuca Mountains]] is a common sight for four to five months every year.
<br>The highest recorded temperature was {{convert|110|°F|°C|abbr=on}} on June 20, 2017.
<br>The lowest recorded temperature was {{convert|4|°F|°C|abbr=on}} on February 3, 2011.
<br>The maximum average rainfall occurs in August.
{{Weather box
|location = Sierra Vista, Arizona
|single line = Y
|Jan record high F = 81
|Feb record high F = 86
|Mar record high F = 91
|Apr record high F = 97
|May record high F = 102
|Jun record high F = 110
|Jul record high F = 108
|Aug record high F = 103
|Sep record high F = 99
|Oct record high F = 96
|Nov record high F = 86
|Dec record high F = 81
|year record high F =110
|Jan high F = 61.2
|Feb high F = 64.4
|Mar high F = 69.7
|Apr high F = 76.9
|May high F = 85.1
|Jun high F = 92.9
|Jul high F = 91.6
|Aug high F = 88.7
|Sep high F = 86.8
|Oct high F = 78.8
|Nov high F = 69.5
|Dec high F = 61.6
|year high F = 77.3
|Jan low F = 34.2
|Feb low F = 37.2
|Mar low F = 41.5
|Apr low F = 47.1
|May low F = 54.9
|Jun low F = 63.3
|Jul low F = 66.3
|Aug low F = 64.9
|Sep low F = 60.3
|Oct low F = 51.0
|Nov low F = 40.9
|Dec low F = 33.9
|year low F = 49.6
|Jan record low F = 12
|Feb record low F = 4
|Mar record low F = 22
|Apr record low F = 28
|May record low F = 35
|Jun record low F = 46
|Jul record low F = 51
|Aug record low F = 53
|Sep record low F = 43
|Oct record low F = 26
|Nov record low F = 19
|Dec record low F = 15
|year record low F = 4
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain inch = 0.98
|Feb rain inch = 0.70
|Mar rain inch = 0.52
|Apr rain inch = 0.41
|May rain inch = 0.30
|Jun rain inch = 0.51
|Jul rain inch = 3.11
|Aug rain inch = 3.82
|Sep rain inch = 1.45
|Oct rain inch = 0.93
|Nov rain inch = 0.44
|Dec rain inch = 1.03
|Jan snow inch = 0.3
|Feb snow inch = 0.2
|Mar snow inch = 0.2
|Apr snow inch = 0.0
|May snow inch = 0.0
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 0.0
|Nov snow inch = 0.0
|Dec snow inch = 0.0
|year snow inch = 0.7
| unit rain days = .01 Inch
| Jan rain days = 4
| Feb rain days = 4
| Mar rain days = 3
| Apr rain days = 2
| May rain days = 1
| Jun rain days = 3
| Jul rain days = 12
| Aug rain days = 12
| Sep rain days = 5
| Oct rain days = 3
| Nov rain days = 2
| Dec rain days = 4
| year rain days = 60
|source 1 = National Weather Service, Tucson<ref name= nws.noaa.gov>{{Cite web |url= https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=twc|title= nws.noaa.gov|access-date=August 24, 2020 }}</ref>
|date=August 2020
}}
==Parks and outdoors==
[[File:Carr Falls Huachuca Mts AZ.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Seasonal 300 ft Carr Canyon Falls]]
===Bird watching===
Nicknamed the "[[Hummingbird]] Capital of the United States", the city sees bird watchers from all over the world flock to the nearby Ramsey Canyon Preserve and other local canyons to observe and photograph hundreds of different bird species. Located within the Huachuca Mountains, Ramsey Canyon is one of the prime locations to see hummingbirds in the U.S. An ecological crossroads between desert and tropics, the mountains that rise from the arid surroundings of this part of southeastern Arizona trap rainfall and create island-like biodiverse areas. Among numerous other plants and animals, the Ramsey Canyon wildlife reserve is home to 15 species of hummingbird. Most notable are the beryline and violet-crowned hummingbirds, which breed in Central America but only migrate as far north as the southwestern United States.<ref name="10 Unique Hummingbird Havens">{{cite web|url=https://blogs.sierraclub.org/explore/2013/08/10-unique-hummingbird-havens-birdwatching.html|title=S10 Unique Hummingbird Havens|access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref> Other outdoor sightseeing and recreational opportunities that are nearby include the [[San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area]], the [[Coronado National Memorial]] in the [[Huachuca Mountains]], and [[Parker Canyon Lake]]. Excellent views of the clear night sky have led Sierra Vista to become the chosen center of amateur [[astronomy]] in Arizona, with more than a dozen well equipped amateur observatories in the area and a large observatory at the [[University of Arizona|University of Arizona College of Applied Science & Technology]] within the city limits.
===Ramsey Canyon===
Ramsey Canyon in the Huachuca Mountains was named after Gardner Ramsey after his arrival in the 1880s. Ramsey Canyon Preserve is located at the end of Ramsey Canyon Road west of Arizona Highway 92.<ref name="Ramsey Canyon Preserve">{{cite web|url=https://www.americansouthwest.net/arizona/ramsey-canyon-preserve/index.html|title=Ramsey Canyon Preserve|access-date=2020-07-28}}</ref> The preserve provides an excellent bird watching experience with two loop trails. The shorter loop trail is around half a mile long while the longer trail is around a mile. Two historic structures can be found along the trail. James Cabin, a log cabin dating to 1902, was built by John James and is located on the Ramsey Canyon creek. The James House, built in 1911, is on the other side of the creek and provided a larger dwelling for the James family. Ramsey Canyon Trail is a longer (2.4 mile) trail, also known as Hamburg Trail, and is located just beyond the Nature Conservancy preserve.<ref name="Hamburg Trail, Ramsey Canyon">{{cite web|url=https://www.americansouthwest.net/arizona/ramsey-canyon-preserve/hamburg-trail.html|title=Hamburg Trail, Ramsey Canyon|access-date=2020-07-28}}</ref> The trail has an elevation change of 1,300 feet and enters the 20,000 acre Miller Peak Wilderness which is part of the [[Coronado National Forest]] after passing the Pat Scott Canyon and Wisconsin Canyon junction that includes the old prospecting site of Hamburg Mine.
===Carr Canyon===
Carr Canyon, named after James Carr, is accessible by the Carr Canyon Road and is a scenic drive in the Coronado National Forest. The rough road is seven miles long with only two of the seven miles paved. It was originally built by James Carr in 1881 and requires a high clearance vehicle to traverse. Carr Canyon roads ends at the Reef Townsite at an elevation of {{convert|7400|ft|m|0}}. Near the entrance of Carr Canyon is the historic Carr House, built in 1932, which is an information center operated by the Forest Service.<ref name="Carr House Info Center">{{cite web|url=https://www.huachucamountains.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Rec-Opp-Guide-Carr-House.pdf|title=Coronado National Forest Huachuca Mountains Carr House Info Center |access-date=2020-07-28}}</ref>
===Parks===
The city of Sierra Vista maintains 17 different parks with Veterans Memorial Park being the largest measuring around 40 acres. Veterans Memorial Park consists of an Aquatic center called The Cove, benches, bike racks, children's playgrounds, drinking fountains, flag pole, horseshoe pits, grass play area, Ramadas, restrooms, skate & bike court, softball fields, teen & youth center, and volleyball courts. Veterans Memorial Park holds the largest events festivals in Sierra Vista to include the yearly Easter Eggstravaganza, Festival of the Southwest, Oktoberfest, Art in the Park, Cars in the Park, and a weekly Farmers Market. The other parks within Sierra Vista include Len Roberts Park, Hubert Tompkins Park, Garden Canyon Linear Park, Chaparral Village Park, Ciaramitaro Park, Bella Vista Park, Country Club Park, Nancy Hakes Park, Purple Heart Park, Soldier's Creek Park, Summit Park, Timothy Lane Park, A.V. Anderson Park, Bolin Airfield, James R. Landwehr Plaza, and Cyr Center Park.
===The Cove===
The Sierra Vista Aquatic Center, aka "The Cove," is a {{convert|36500|sqft|adj=on}} facility that contains {{convert|11347|sqft|abbr=on}} of pool water surface, which equates to over {{convert|575000|USgal}} of water. The Aquatic Center boasts a 0' depth, or "beach", entry, eight 25-yard lap lanes for lap and competitive swimming, and a wave machine with several wave patterns for Open Swim. The Cove has a submersible bulkhead which makes the switch from wave pool to competitive pool possible. The Cove also has a warm water therapy pool, children's lagoon with slide, two 1 meter diving boards and one 3 meter diving board, and two enclosed water tube slides to include a {{convert|150|ft|adj=on}} water tube slide.<ref name="Sierra Vista Aquatic Center">{{cite web|url=http://www.sierravistaaz.gov/department/division.php?fDD=16-257|title=Sierra Vista Aquatic Center|access-date=2012-01-12}}</ref>
===Veterans Memorial Cemetery===
Sierra Vista is home to one of four Arizona Veterans Memorial Cemeteries.<ref>[https://dvs.az.gov/services/memorials-burials Arizona Department of Veterans' Services – Cemeteries]</ref><ref>[https://dvs.az.gov/southern-memorial-cemetery Southern Arizona Veterans' Memorial Cemetery]</ref> Since it was developed by the [[Arizona Department of Veterans' Services]] over 7,000 burials have been undertaken.<ref>{{Find a Grave cemetery | id= 1757974| name= Southern Arizona Veterans Memorial Cemetery}}</ref> Entertainer and US Navy veteran of World War II [[Emmett Kelly Jr.]] is buried there.<ref>{{Findagrave|16906572|Emmett Kelly Jr.}}</ref>
==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1960= 3121
|1970= 6689
|1980= 24937
|1990= 32983
|2000= 37775
|2010= 43888
|estyear=2019
|estimate=43045
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html|date=May 24, 2020|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=May 27, 2020}}</ref>
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2016}}</ref>
}}
Sierra Vista is the largest of seven incorporated cities in Cochise County, accounting for one-third of the county's population.<ref name="cochise.edu">[http://www.cochise.edu/deptsdirs/organizations/cer/cer_publications.asp Cochise: Center For Economic Research – Publications<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724230948/http://www.cochise.edu/deptsdirs/organizations/cer/cer_publications.asp |date=2008-07-24 }}</ref> The population at the 2010 census was 43,888, up from 37,775 at the 2000 census, for a growth rate of 16.2% over the decade. Sierra Vista is the 21st largest incorporated place in Arizona as of the 2010 census.
Also indicated in the CER 2009 Economic Outlook publication, the Arizona DEC estimates the Sierra Vista Area population is approximately 75,000, which includes outlying areas of the [[Sierra Vista Southeast, Arizona|Sierra Vista Southeast]] Census Designated Place, [[Huachuca City, Arizona|Huachuca City]], [[Tombstone, Arizona|Tombstone]], [[Whetstone, Arizona|Whetstone]], [[Hereford, Arizona|Hereford]] and unincorporated surrounding areas. The population of the Sierra Vista Area is estimated to reach nearly 100,000 by 2028.
[[File:Sierra Vista - Saint Andrew the Apostle church - 1.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Saint Andrew the Apostle Church]]
According to the 2000 Census figures, the Sierra Vista population consists of 14,196 households, and 9,993 families residing in the city. The population density was 246.1 people per square mile (95.0/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 15,685 housing units at an average density of 102.2 per square mile (39.5/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of the city was 73.3% [[Race (United States Census)|White]], 10.9% [[Race (United States Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 3.6% [[Race (United States Census)|Asian]], 0.8% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]] and 0.5% [[Race (United States Census)|Pacific Islander]]. 6.1% of the population is from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 4.9% from two or more races. 15.8% of the population is [[Race (United States Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Race (United States Census)|Latino]].
There were 14,196 households, out of which 34.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.5% were married couples living together, 25.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.96.
In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 25.8% under the age of 18, 13.0% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 19.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.7 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $38,427, and the median income for a family was $44,077. Males had a median income of $30,053 versus $23,805 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $18,436. About 8.0% of families and 10.5% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 15.8% of those under age 18 and 4.0% of those age 65 or over.
As of the 2000 Census, of the population (37,775) 25 years and older 91.5 percent had at least a high school diploma or equivalent and an estimated 25.7 percent held a bachelor's degree or higher. The CER indicates that there has been an increasing trend for residents to attain a bachelor's degree or higher making the local area competitive in today's technological working environment. The estimated population of resident's educated at a post-secondary level (some college credit or more) in Sierra Vista is estimated to be higher than county, state, and national averages.<ref name="cochise.edu"/>
===Notable people===
[[File:Glynn R. Donaho.jpg|thumb|100px|right|Vice Admiral Donaho]]
[[File:Don Frye 1996 ufc10.jpg|thumb|100px|right|Don Frye]]
* [[Vice admiral (United States)|Vice Admiral]] [[Glynn R. Donaho]], World War II Submarine Commander awarded the Navy Cross four times.
* [[Pat Fleming (politician)|Patricia "Pat" Fleming]], former [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] member of the [[Arizona House of Representatives]].
* [[Don Frye]], [[mixed martial arts]] fighter, [[UFC 8]] and [[Ultimate Ultimate 1996|Ultimate Ultimate 2]] champion.
* [[Major general (United States)|Major General]] [[David Parker Gibbs]], former Chief of Communications and Electronics for the Department of the Army.
* [[Laurence Gibson]], American professional [[National Football League]] player drafted by the [[Dallas Cowboys]].
* [[David Gowan]], [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] Senator in the [[Arizona Senate|Arizona State Senate]] and the former Speaker of the Arizona House of Representatives.
* Vickie Hall, [[Miss Arizona]] 1975 who succeeded original Miss Arizona winner Stacey Peterson to crown when Peterson resigned.<ref>[https://www.pageantplanet.com/directory/pageant-system/miss-arizona-scholarship-pageants]; Pageant Planet; May 4, 2020</ref>
* [[Russ Klabough]], American [[Association football|soccer]] player who currently plays for [[FC Arizona]] in the [[National Premier Soccer League]].
* [[Yvonne Navarro]], [[Bram Stoker Award]] Winning and Best Selling author of more than twenty five books and a core [[Buffy the Vampire Slayer]] novel contributors.
* Erin Nurss, [[Miss Arizona]] 2008.<ref>[http://tucsoncitizen.com/morgue/2008/06/24/89113-ua-student-to-promote-healthy-habits-during-miss-arizona-reign/ UA Student to Promote Healthy Habits During Miss Arizona Reign]; Tucson Citizen; June 24, 2008</ref>
* [[Weston Ochse]], [[Bram Stoker Award]] Winning and Best Selling author of more than thirty books.
* [[Nicole Powell]], [[basketball]] player in the [[Women's National Basketball Association|WNBA]] team [[New York Liberty]].
* [[Adam Saathoff]], American sport shooter for the National Running Target Team. Three time [[United States at the Olympics|Olympic]] competitor for [[United States national team|Team USA]] and silver and bronze medalists in 1998 and 2002 [[ISSF World Shooting Championships|World Championships]] respectively.
* Audrey Sibley, [[Miss Arizona]] 2005.<ref>[http://www.cmt.com/asm/events/miss_america/2006/comcast/contestant.jhtml?data=/shows/events/miss_america/2006/xml/contestants/arizona.jhtml Audrey Sibley – Miss Arizona]; CMT.com; 2006</ref>
* [[Glenn Spencer]], [[anti-immigration]] activist and operator of [[American Border Patrol]].<ref name="SPLC">{{cite web|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual/glenn-spencer|title=Glenn Spencer|date=2016-05-19|publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center|location=Montgomery, AL|work=Southern Poverty Law Center|access-date=2018-02-06}}</ref>
* [[David Stevens (politician)|David Stevens]], form Republican member of the Arizona House of Representatives.
* [[Young Seph]], American music producer and songwriter. Has produced for artists such as [[50 Cent]], [[Jim Jones (rapper)|Jim Jones]], [[Lloyd Banks]], [[Troy Ave]], [[Rocko (rapper)|Rocko]], [[Young Buck]], and [[Havoc (musician)|Havoc]].
==Government==
The City of Sierra Vista is a council-manager municipality. The city council sets public policy while a professional city manager implements policy and oversees the day-to-day operation of the city.
[[Fort Huachuca]], a [[U.S. Army]] post, an active and historical military installation and a communications and information technology hub, was annexed into the city in 1971. In addition, the city has been actively working to annex Cochise County enclaves within city limits as outlined in the City Council's strategic plan "Our Future Vistas".<ref name="Future Vistas">{{cite web| url=http://www.ci.sierra-vista.az.us/cms1/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1102&Itemid=404| title=City of Sierra Vista, City Council, Strategic Plan| date=2009-06-29| access-date=2009-06-29}}</ref>
==Economy==
Sierra Vista is the commercial center for Cochise County and parts of northern Mexico. Retailers such as [[Lowe's]], [[Home Depot]], [[Walmart]], [[Target Corporation|Target]], [[Dillard's]], and [[Marshalls]] are located in the community, along with three major supermarkets and dozens of smaller specialty shops. [[The Mall at Sierra Vista]] is a {{convert|400000|sqft|m2|adj=on}} mall located in Sierra Vista.
Sierra Vista has a substantial employment base due to Fort Huachuca — the community's major employer and primary driving economic force. Because of contracts with the Army, the professional, scientific and technical services sector is unusually large, but nearly half of all jobs in Sierra Vista are in the government sector.
[[Wick Communications]], which publishes several dozen newspapers in some twelve states, is headquartered in Sierra Vista.
==Education==
[[File:Sierra Vista Public Library.jpg|thumb|500px|right|Sierra Vista Public Library]]
The [[Sierra Vista Unified School District]] includes one high school, [[Buena High School (Arizona)|Buena High School]], one middle school, and six elementary schools. There are also several [[Charter school|charter]] and private education opportunities. Higher education is available through the [[University of Arizona, College of Applied Science & Technology]] and [[Cochise Community College]].
There is a {{convert|31000|sqft|m2|adj=on}} public library located within the city limits across from city hall.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cochiselibrary.org/client/en_US/sierravista|title=Sierra Vista|website=cochiselibrary.org|language=en|access-date=2018-02-08}}</ref>
==Culture==
[[File:Pictographs in the Huachuca Mountains.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Pictographs in the [[Huachuca Mountains]]]]
Sierra Vista has a variety of cultural and family-oriented activities throughout the year. Some of the major events include the Cochise Cowboy Poetry and Music Gathering in February, the Festival of the Southwest in the spring, Independence Day celebration, the Southwest Wings Festival in August for bird watching enthusiasts, and Arizona's longest-running holiday parade in December. During the winter months, the Sierra Vista Symphony Orchestra presents three concerts of classical and popular music, including pre-concert seminars, and puts on special fund raising events. Throughout the year, the Art Discovery Series presents plays, concerts, and musicals, and in the summer, there are regular band concerts at Veterans' Park, as well as many activities at the Sierra Vista Public Library such as a film series, lectures, readings, and other programs for children and adults. [[Pictographs]] created by Native Americans can be found in certain areas of the Huachuca Mountains.
The Gray Hawk Nature Center [http://www.grayhawknaturecenter.org] offering nature education programs and housing live [[reptile]] and [[invertebrate]] exhibits is located nearby on the San Pedro River.
==Media==
Sierra Vista is served by the ''[[Sierra Vista Herald]]'' since 1955.
In 2016 a Social Network Based News Agency was started called Sierra Vista News Network or SVNN. The Facebook page and other Networks SVNN operates include political coverage, Live Streamed High School Sports, and on demand Live News Coverage.
Television station [[KWBA-TV]], channel 58, is licensed to Sierra Vista and serves the Tucson/Sierra Vista market.<ref name="FCC">[https://stations.fcc.gov/station-profile/kwba-tv FCC Record for KWBA-TV]</ref> The station has broadcast since 1996 and is an affiliate of [[The CW]] network. The station's transmission tower is located in the Santa Rita Mountains between Sierra Vista and Tucson. Other area television stations include [[KFTU-DT]], channel 36, the Spanish-language [[UniMás]] affiliate, licensed to Douglas with a broadcast tower in the Mule Mountains near Sierra Vista; and community station [[K33CG]], channel 33, a former [[Trinity Broadcasting Network|TBN]] affiliate. {{citation needed|date=January 2019}}
Radio station [[KZMK]] (K-101) serves as a [[Top 40]] hits [[FM broadcasting|FM]] radio station covering Sierra Vista and most of Cochise County. The station provides live broadcasts for significant events occurring in and around the city.<ref>[http://www.allhitskzmk.com/Homepage/10310222 K101 Radio station] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713025148/http://www.allhitskzmk.com/Homepage/10310222 |date=2014-07-13 }}</ref> Sister radio station [[KTAN]] (1420 AM) broadcasts a [[News Talk Information]] format. Both stations are owned by CCR-Sierra Vista IV, LLC., which also owns nearby [[Bisbee, Arizona]] radio station [[KWCD]] (92.3 FM), which broadcasts a [[country music]] format.
Radio station [[KWRB]] (formerly "The Spark") serves as a Christian [[FM broadcast band|FM]] radio station covering [[Bisbee, Arizona|Bisbee]] and most of Cochise County, on the 90.9 MHz frequency. They also have an alternative station that serves [[Willcox, Arizona|Willcox]], which repeats the station using the callsign K274CB, on 102.7 MHz frequency. Both radio stations are owned by World Radio Network, Inc.{{cn|date=November 2020}}
==Sports teams and events==
The Cochise County Cavaliers have combined with the Bisbee Ironmen, both former members of the Arizona Football League (AzFL), to form the Cochise County Ironmen. The Ironmen began their first season of play in 2011.<ref>[http://azfl.org/ Arizona Football League]</ref>
==Healthcare==
Canyon Vista Medical Center (CVMC) and the [[Raymond W. Bliss]] Army Health Center (located on nearby [[Fort Huachuca]]) serve the community's health care needs. Medical personnel of all major specialties are available in the area. Canyon Vista Medical Center was recently completed adjoining an existing Ambulatory Surgery and Imaging Center on [[Arizona State Route 90|SR 90]]. A management agreement for long term operations of the hospital was signed with RegionalCare Hospital Partners. The [[United States Department of Veterans Affairs|US Department of Veterans Affairs]] opened a clinic in Sierra Vista to better serve the area's large retired military population.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tucson.va.gov/CBOCs/SierraVista.asp |title=Sierra Vista Community Based Outpatient Clinic |access-date=2010-09-28 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100409093515/http://www.tucson.va.gov/CBOCs/SierraVista.asp |archive-date=2010-04-09 }}; United States Department of Veterans Affairs; April 6, 2010</ref>
===Regional health concerns===
Residents and health professionals became concerned after observing an elevated number of [[leukemia]] and related childhood cancer cases being reported in Sierra Vista since 1995. In 2001, with seven reported cases since 1995, the Arizona Department of Health Services (ADHS) determined the number of cases was [[Cancer cluster|statistically elevated]] over the expected norm. In response, the ADHS launched an environmental review of air, drinking water and soil in the Sierra Vista area to determine if environmental exposure had placed residents at greater risk of childhood leukemia or other cancers. By October 2002, the ADHS in conjunction with the Arizona Cancer Registry, determined that, "No common environmental exposure from drinking water, ambient air or waste sites were identified that might have placed residents of the Sierra Vista area at greater risk of developing leukemia." No further action was recommended at that time.<ref>[http://www.azdhs.gov/phs/oeh/pdf/sierra_vista_sept12.pdf 2002 Environmental Study by ADHS]</ref>
In 2003, three more cases of leukemia were reported. The [[Centers for Disease Control]] (CDC) was hesitant to investigate in depth, initially leaving the matter to state health departments, but became involved after the ADHS requested their assistance in the spring of 2003. The CDC concluded two formal studies, in 2004 and 2006, with mixed results. They did not discover any environmental causes for the increased incidence of leukemia, but they did note that they only tested four children with leukemia. They cautioned that with such a small number of study participants, "any attempt to measure associations between environmental exposure and disease would be inherently suspect and not statistically appropriate." Biological samples were tested for 128 chemicals, with results showing average or below average levels for all chemicals except [[tungsten]], [[styrene]] and [[Polychlorinated biphenyl|PCB]]-52, which were above average.<ref>[https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/clusters/sierravista/SierraVistaReportOnly.pdf CDC Biosampling Final Report – 2006]</ref><ref>[http://www.tucsonweekly.com/gbase/Currents/Content?oid=oid:82339 For the Kids – Parents, scientists investigate cancer cluster]</ref><ref>[https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/clusters/sierravista/default.htm CDC Main catalog of Sierra Vista studies]</ref>
There were no more reported cases in the several years following the CDC reports, bringing the occurrence statistics back in line with national averages. However, with a total of thirteen children diagnosed and another five potentially linked cases being investigated since 1995, some people still have concerns.<ref>[http://www.tucsonweekly.com/gbase/Currents/Content?oid=oid:53523 Cancer Wars – Leukemia cases in Sierra Vista]</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20090217125036/http://www.svherald.com/articles/2009/02/13/news/doc499525a7784cb596310331.txt Possible tungsten-leukemia link]</ref><ref>[https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/clusters/sierravista/ CDC Cluster studies]</ref><ref>[http://cochise.az.gov/cochise_health.aspx?id=1708 Cochise County Health Department] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527172819/http://cochise.az.gov/cochise_health.aspx?id=1708 |date=2010-05-27 }} Review of cluster studies; Updated January 2010</ref>
==Transportation==
[[File:Vista Transit Center.jpg|thumb|300px|Vista Transit Building]]
Sierra Vista is supported by a public mass transit system called [[Sierra Vista Public Transit System|Vista Transit]], operated by the city.<ref>[http://www.sierravistaaz.gov/city-departments/transit/ Vista Transit]</ref> [[Huachuca City, Arizona|Huachuca City Transit]] operates between Huachuca City and Sierra Vista.<ref>{{Cite web| title = Transit| work = Town of Huachuca City| access-date = 2018-10-20| url = https://www.huachucacityaz.gov/town-departments/transit/}}</ref> [[Douglas, Arizona|Cochise Connection]] runs between [[Douglas, Arizona|Douglas]], [[Bisbee, Arizona|Bisbee]], and Sierra Vista.<ref>{{Cite web| title = Schedule {{!}} Douglas, AZ| access-date = 2018-10-20| url = https://www.douglasaz.gov/481/Schedule}}</ref> [[Greyhound Lines]] offers service from Sierra Vista to [[Tucson, Arizona|Tucson]] and [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]].
There are two highways ([[Arizona State Route 90|SR 90]] and [[Arizona State Route 92|SR 92]]) connecting Sierra Vista with neighboring communities. The city is also served by the [[Sierra Vista Municipal Airport]] (FHU) which is jointly operated by the U.S. Army as [[Libby Army Airfield]]. Currently there are no commercial flights arriving to or departing from FHU.
===Major highways===
* [[Image:Arizona 90.svg|30px]] [[Arizona State Route 90|State Route 90]]
* [[File:Arizona 92.svg|30px]] [[Arizona State Route 92|State Route 92]]
==Sister cities==
Sierra Vista established its Sister Cities program in 1989 with Resolution 2282 in order to promote a relationship with [[Cananea]]. Sierra Vista was later twinned with [[Radebeul]] on May 22, 1998 by Resolution 3956. Sierra Vista and Radebeul currently have a foreign exchange program with each other.<ref name= "Sierra Vista Sister Cities Commission">{{Cite web |url= http://www.sierravistaaz.gov/department/board.php?fDD=15-38|title= Sierra Vista Sister Cities Commission|access-date=February 9, 2012 }}</ref>
* {{flagdeco|MEX}} [[Cananea]], [[Sonora]], Mexico
* {{flagdeco|DEU}} [[Radebeul]], [[Saxony]], Germany
==Picture gallery==
<gallery>
Carr Canyon Huachuca Mountains.jpg|Carr Canyon in the [[Huachuca Mountains]]
Ramsey Canyon - Sierra Vista - AZ - 2015-10-01at13-09-248 (22241573842).jpg|Ramsey Canyon
Winter_sv.JPG|Snow-capped mountains outside Sierra Vista
Magnificent Hummingbird (male) Huachuca Canyon Sierra Vista AZ-4 (35488225900).jpg|[[Eugenes|Magnificent Hummingbird (''Eugenes'')]] in Huachuca Canyon
Bridled Titmouse Upper Miller Canyon Sierra Vista AZ 2018-11-03 10-17-41 (45041556714).jpg|[[Bridled Titmouse|Bridled Titmouse (''Baeolophus wollweberi'')]] in Upper Miller Canyon
Turkey Vulture Upper Miller Canyon Sierra Vista AZ 2018-11-03 08-40-07 (43948962270).jpg|[[Turkey Vulture|Turkey Vulture (''Cathartes aura'')]] in Upper Miller Canyon
Grace's Warbler Reef Townsite Carr Canyon Sierra Vista AZ 2018-07-25 09-31-14 (43692864472).jpg|[[Grace's Warbler|Grace's Warbler (''Setophaga graciae'')]] at Reef Townsite in Carr Canyon
Olive Warbler (male) Upper Miller Canyon Sierra Vista AZ 2018-11-03 10-17-14 (30826606097).jpg|[[Olive Warbler|Olive Warbler (''Peucedramus taeniatus'')]] in Upper Miller Canyon
Virginia's Warbler Carr Canyon Sierra Vista AZ 2018-05-24 12-50-53 (33981503228).jpg|[[Virginia's Warbler|Virginia's Warbler (''Leiothlypis virginiae'')]] in Carr Canyon
Whiskered Screech-Owl Upper Miller Canyon Sierra Vista AZ 2018-11-03 12-44-27 (31895104988).jpg|[[Whiskered Screech Owl|Whiskered Screech Owl (''Megascops trichopsis'')]] in Upper Miller Canyon
Brown-crested Flycatcher & Acorn Woodpecker Huachuca Canyon (lower) Sierra Vista AZ 2019-05-05 09-32-27 (46891433535).jpg|[[Brown-crested Flycatcher|Brown-crested Flycatcher (''Myiarchus tyrannulus'')]] & [[Acorn Woodpecker|Acorn Woodpecker (''Melanerpes formicivorus'')]] in Lower Huachuca Canyon
Cassin's Kingbird Huachuca Canyon (lower) Sierra Vista AZ 2019-05-05 10-21-09 (33930831188).jpg|[[Cassin's Kingbird|Cassin's Kingbird (''Tyrannus vociferans'')]] in Lower Huachuca Canyon
Dark-eyed Junco (Gray-headed Rockies-Great Basin-no bicolored bill) Upper Miller Canyon Sierra Vista AZ 2018-11-03 10-54-06 (31895111058).jpg|[[Dark-eyed Junco|Dark-eyed Junco (Gray-headed Rockies-Great Basin-no bicolored bill) (''Junco hyemalis'')]] in Upper Miller Canyon
Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher Huachuca Canyon Sierra Vista AZ-11 (35036843784).jpg|[[Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher|Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher (''Myiodynastes luteiventris'')]] in Huachuca Canyon
Western Flycatcher Huachuca Canyon Sierra Vista AZ 2018-08-25 09-20-12 (48038253981).jpg|[[Cordilleran flycatcher|Western Flycatcher]] in Huachuca Canyon
Elegant Trogon (female) Huachuca Canyon Sierra Vista AZ (35488215750).jpg|[[Elegant Trogon|Elegant Trogon (''Trogon elegans'')]] in Huachuca Canyon
Tachinid Fly Huachuca Canyon Sierra Vista AZ 2018-09-09 10-20-01 (44765280285).jpg|[[Tachinidae|Tachinid Fly (''Tachinidae'')]] in Huachuca Canyon
Yarrow's Spiny Lizard Huachuca Canyon Sierra Vista AZ (35706954302).jpg|[[Sceloporus jarrovii|Yarrow's Spiny Lizard (''Sceloporus jarrovii'')]] in Huachuca Canyon
Common Ground-Dove San Pedro House & River Sierra Vista AZ 2019-05-06 11-52-31 (47762255252).jpg|[[Common Ground Dove|Common Ground Dove (''Columbina passerina'')]] at the San Pedro House & River
Mallard (Mexican subspecies) & ducklings San Pedro House & River Sierra Vista AZ 2019-05-06 09-31-25 (33937322668).jpg|[[Mallard|Mallard (Mexican Subspecies) (''Anas platyrhynchos'')]] with ducklings at the San Pedro House and River
Nabakov's Satyr Huachuca Canyon Sierra Vista AZ 2018-09-09 12-09-24 (44765279945).jpg|[[Nabokov's Satyr|Nabokov's Satyr (''Cyllopsis pyracmon'')]] in Huachuca Canyon
</gallery>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
* [http://www.ci.sierra-vista.az.us/cms1//resources/PIO/FAQ/Community%20Profile.pdf Sierra Vista Community Profile]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110728074642/http://www.svedf.org/commprofile.htm Sierra Vista Economic Development Foundation]
* [http://www.azcommerce.com/doclib/PROP/Originals/Community%20Economic%20Analysis/Southeast/Sierra%20Vista/Sierra%20Vista.pdf Arizona Department of Commerce Study]
==External links==
* [http://www.SierraVistaAZ.gov/ City of Sierra Vista official website]
* [http://www.svherald.com/ ''The Sierra Vista Herald'']
{{commons category}}
{{wikivoyage|Sierra Vista}}
{{Cochise County, Arizona}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Sierra Vista, Arizona| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Arizona]]
[[Category:Cities in Cochise County, Arizona]]
[[Category:Micropolitan areas of Arizona]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff ) | '@@ -65,5 +65,5 @@
'''Sierra Vista''' is a city in [[Cochise County, Arizona]], [[United States]]. As of the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]] the population of the city was 43,888.<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web| url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US0466820| archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212183013/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US0466820| url-status=dead| archive-date=February 12, 2020| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Sierra Vista city, Arizona| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder| access-date=June 12, 2014}}</ref> The city is part of the [[Sierra Vista-Douglas, AZ Metropolitan Statistical Area|Sierra Vista-Douglas Metropolitan Area]],<ref name="Eller">Rice, Valorie H and Hammond, George W. (2013). [https://ebr.eller.arizona.edu/research/articles/2013/2012_economic_census.asp "Arizona has a new metropolitan area: Sierra Vista-Douglas"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208052149/https://ebr.eller.arizona.edu/research/articles/2013/2012_economic_census.asp |date=2015-12-08 }}</ref> with a 2010 population of 131,346. [[Fort Huachuca]], a [[U.S. Army]] post, is located in the northwest part of the city.
-Sierra Vista, which is Spanish for "Mountain View", is located {{convert|75|mi}} southeast of [[Tucson, Arizona|Tucson]] and serves as the main commercial, cultural, and recreational hub of Cochise County.
+Sierra Vista, which is Spanish for "Mountain View", is located {{convert|75|mi}} southeast of [[Tucson, Arizona|Tucson]] and serves as the main commercial, cultural, and recreational hub of Cochise County. Phat ass
==History==
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