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Variables generated for this change
Variable | Value |
---|---|
Edit count of the user (user_editcount ) | 87 |
Name of the user account (user_name ) | 'Gabriel Ziegler' |
Age of the user account (user_age ) | 2774803 |
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Whether the user is blocked (user_blocked ) | false |
Whether the user is editing from mobile app (user_app ) | false |
Whether or not a user is editing through the mobile interface (user_mobile ) | false |
Page ID (page_id ) | 76972 |
Page namespace (page_namespace ) | 0 |
Page title without namespace (page_title ) | 'Denmark' |
Full page title (page_prefixedtitle ) | 'Denmark' |
Edit protection level of the page (page_restrictions_edit ) | [
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Page age in seconds (page_age ) | 659322518 |
Action (action ) | 'edit' |
Edit summary/reason (summary ) | 'Added a map about the Main Articles of the Early Modern History of Denmark, the map is about the Danish Overseas Colonies.' |
Old content model (old_content_model ) | 'wikitext' |
New content model (new_content_model ) | 'wikitext' |
Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext ) | '{{Short description|Country in Northern Europe}}
{{About|the metropolitan Denmark|the sovereign state|Danish Realm|all other uses}}
{{Pp-vandalism|small=yes}}
<!--Please DO NOT put information about the Faroe Islands and Greenland in the article, this article is about "Denmark proper" which excludes Greenland and the Faroe Islands.-->
{{Coord|56|N|10|E|type:country_scale:3000000_region:DK|display=title}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox political division
| name = Denmark<!--Do not change to Kingdom of Denmark; it has its own article.-->
| native_name = {{native name|da|Danmark}}<!--Do not change to Kingdom of Denmark; it has its own article.-->
| settlement_type = [[Danish Realm|Constituent country in the Kingdom of Denmark]]
| image_flag = Flag of Denmark.svg
| flag_size = 125
| flag_link = Flag of Denmark
| image_seal = National Coat of arms of Denmark.svg
| seal_size = 65px
| seal_type = Coat of arms
| seal_link = Coat of arms of Denmark
| motto = {{native name|da|Guds hjælp, folkets kærlighed, Danmarks styrke}}<ref group="N">"Guds hjælp, folkets kærlighed, Danmarks styrke" has been adopted by Queen Margrethe II as her Language of Choice (valgsprog).</ref><br />({{Lang-en|"God's help, the love of the people, Denmark's strength"}}<ref>{{cite web |title = Royal House |url = https://www.kongehuset.dk/en/the-royal-house/regentparret/hm-the-queen |publisher = [[Royal House of Denmark]] |website = www.kongehuset.dk|access-date = 7 October 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151223021154/http://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/monarchytheroyalcourt/themonarchyinsweden/mottoesofthemonarchs.4.396160511584257f2180004713.html |archive-date = 23 December 2015 |url-status=live |df = dmy-all }}</ref>)
| anthem = {{native name|da|[[Der er et yndigt land]]|link=on}}<br />({{lang-en|"There is a lovely country"}})<div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">{{center|[[File:United States Navy Band - Der er et yndigt land.ogg]]}}</div>
| song = {{native name|da|[[Kong Christian stod ved højen mast]]|link=on}}{{refn|''Kong Christian'' has equal status as a [[national anthem]] but is generally used only on [[Honors music|royal]] and military occasions.<ref>{{cite web|title=Not one but two national anthems|url=http://denmark.dk/en/quick-facts/national-anthems/|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark]]|access-date=18 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140515093426/http://denmark.dk/en/quick-facts/national-anthems|archive-date=15 May 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>|group="N"}}<br />({{lang-en|"King Christian stood by the lofty mast"}})<div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">{{center|[[File:United States Navy Band - Kong Kristian stod ved højen mast.ogg]]}}</div>
| song_type = '''National and royal anthem'''
| image_map = EU-Denmark.svg
| map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=dark green |country=metropolitan Denmark<ref name="proper" group="N" /> |region=Europe |region_color=dark grey |subregion=the European Union |subregion_color=green}}
| subdivision_type = [[Sovereign state]]
| subdivision_name = [[Danish Realm|Kingdom of Denmark]]
| established_title = [[History of Denmark#Middle ages|Consolidation]]
| established_date = {{circa}} 8th century{{sfn|Stone|Bain|Booth|Parnell|2008|p=31}}
| established_title2 = Christianization
| established_date2 = {{circa}} 965<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/denmark/ |title=Denmark |date=29 April 2010 |work=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] |access-date=11 May 2010}}</ref>
| established_title3 = {{nowrap|[[Constitution of Denmark|Constitutional Act]]}}
| established_date3 = 5 June 1849
| established_title4 = Faroese home rule
| established_date4 = 24 March 1948
| established_title5 = [[European Economic Community|EEC]] [[1973 enlargement of the European Communities|accession]]
| established_date5 = 1 January 1973
| established_title6 = Greenlandic home rule
| established_date6 = 1 May 1979
| official_languages = [[Danish language|Danish]]
| languages_type = [[Regional language]]s
| languages_sub = yes
| languages = [[German language|German]]<ref group="N">German is recognised as a protected minority language in the South Jutland area of Denmark.</ref>
| demonym = {{hlist|[[Danes|Danish]]|[[Danes|Dane]]}}
| capital = [[Copenhagen]]
| largest_city = capital
| coordinates = {{Coord|55|43|N|12|34|E|type:city}}
| ethnic_groups = {{ublist |item_style=white-space;
|86.11% [[Danes|Danish]]{{refn|group="N"|including [[Faroese people|Faroese]], [[Indigenous peoples|indigenous group]] [[Greenlandic Inuit|Inuit]], and [[minority group]] [[North Schleswig Germans|German]]}}
|13.89% [[Immigration to Denmark|Others]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/ltc/1997/97|title=Bekendtgørelse af ILO-konvention nr. 169 af 28. juni 1989 vedrørende oprindelige folk og stammefolk i selvstændige stater|date=9 October 1997|website=Retsinformation.dk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://um.dk/da/udenrigspolitik/lande-og-regioner/den-dansk-tyske-mindretalsordning/|title=Den dansk-tyske mindretalsordning|website=UM.dk}}</ref>}}
| ethnic_groups_year = 2020
| religion = {{ublist |item_style=white-space;
|75.8% [[Christianity in Denmark|Christianity]]
|—74.3% [[Church of Denmark]]
|—1.5% Other [[Christians|Christian]]
|19.1% [[Irreligion|No religion]]
|4.4% [[Islam in Denmark|Islam]]
|0.7% [[Religion in Denmark|Others]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.km.dk/folkekirken/kirkestatistik/folkekirkens-medlemstal/|title=Folkekirkens medlemstal|publisher=Kirkeministeriet|language=da|access-date=6 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.religion.dk/religionsanalysen/hvor-mange-indvandrer-lever-i-danmark|title=Hvor mange muslimer bor der i Danmark?|publisher=Religion.dk|date=8 February 2018|last=Arly Jacobsen|first=Brian|language=da|access-date=6 January 2021}}</ref>}}
| religion_year = 2020
| government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary]] [[constitutional monarchy]]
| leader_title1 = [[Monarchy of Denmark|Monarch]]
| leader_name1 = [[Margrethe II of Denmark|Margrethe II]]
| leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Denmark|Prime Minister]]
| leader_name2 = [[Mette Frederiksen]]
| leader_title3 = [[List of speakers of the Folketing|Speaker of the Folketing]]
| leader_name3 = [[Henrik Dam Kristensen]]
| national_representation = [[European Parliament]]
| national_representation_type1 = [[Denmark (European Parliament constituency)|Denmark constituency]]
| national_representation1 = [[2019 European Parliament election in Denmark|14 seats]]
| legislature = ''[[Folketing]]''
| area_km2 = 42933<ref name=area /><!--{{As of|2017}}-->
| area_rank = 130th
| area_sq_mi = 16576.5<!--Do not remove per [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]-->
| percent_water = 1.74<ref>{{cite web|title=Surface water and surface water change|access-date=11 October 2020|publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD)|url=https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER#}}</ref>
| elevation_max_m = 170.86
| elevation_max_ft =
| elevation_max_point = [[Møllehøj]]
| population_estimate = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 5,913,538<ref>{{cite web|title=Population and population projections|url=https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/emner/befolkning-og-valg/befolkning-og-befolkningsfremskrivning|publisher=Statistics Denmark|access-date=11 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030090527/https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/emner/befolkning-og-valg/befolkning-og-befolkningsfremskrivning|archive-date=30 October 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref group="N">The Kingdom has a total population of 5,958,380.</ref> ([[List of countries by population|114th]])
| population_estimate_year = Q3 2022
| population_density_km2 = 137.73
| GDP_PPP = {{increase}}$406.011 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=70&pr.y=7&sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=193,946,122,137,124,546,156,181,423,138,935,196,128,142,939,182,172,359,132,135,134,576,174,936,532,961,176,184,178,144,436,146,136,528,158,112,542,111,941&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Denmark |publisher=International Monetary Fund |access-date=27 October 2021 |archive-url= https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/October/weo-report?c=512,914,612,171,614,311,213,911,314,193,122,912,313,419,513,316,913,124,339,638,514,218,963,616,223,516,918,748,618,624,522,622,156,626,628,228,924,233,632,636,634,238,662,960,423,935,128,611,321,243,248,469,253,642,643,939,734,644,819,172,132,646,648,915,134,652,174,328,258,656,654,336,263,268,532,944,176,534,536,429,433,178,436,136,343,158,439,916,664,826,542,967,443,917,544,941,446,666,668,672,946,137,546,674,676,548,556,678,181,867,682,684,273,868,921,948,943,686,688,518,728,836,558,138,196,278,692,694,962,142,449,564,565,283,853,288,293,566,964,182,359,453,968,922,714,862,135,716,456,722,942,718,724,576,936,961,813,726,199,733,184,524,361,362,364,732,366,144,146,463,528,923,738,578,537,742,866,369,744,186,925,869,746,926,466,112,111,298,927,846,299,582,487,474,754,698,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2022&ey=2022&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1|archive-date=18 October 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref group="N" name="denonly group=N" />
| GDP_PPP_year = 2022
| GDP_PPP_rank = 53nd
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}}$69,273<ref name=imf2 />
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 11th
| GDP_nominal = {{increase}}$399.1 billion<ref name=imf2 /><ref group="N" name="denonly group=N" />
| GDP_nominal_year = 2022
| GDP_nominal_rank = 40th
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}}$68,094<ref name=imf2 />
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 10th
| Gini = 27.0 <!--number only-->
| Gini_year = 2021
| Gini_change = decrease <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table?lang=en |title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey |publisher=[[Eurostat]] |website=ec.europa.eu |access-date=21 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320064533/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=tessi190&plugin=1 |archive-date=20 March 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| HDI = 0.948
| HDI_year = 2021<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year-->
| HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2021/2022|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=8 September 2022|access-date=8 September 2022}}</ref>
| HDI_rank = 6th
| currency = [[Danish krone]] (kr.) ([[ISO 4217|DKK]])<ref group="N">In the Faroe Islands the currency has a separate design and is known as the [[Faroese króna|króna]], but is not a separate currency.</ref>
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +01:00
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +02:00
| date_format = {{abbr|dd|day}}/{{abbr|mm|month}}/{{abbr|yyyy|year}}
| electricity = 230 V–50 Hz
| drives_on = right
| calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Denmark|+45]]
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:DK|DK]]
| cctld = [[.dk]]<ref group="N">The [[top-level domain name]] [[.eu]] is shared with other [[European Union]] countries.</ref>
}}
'''Denmark''' ({{lang-da|Danmark}}, {{IPA-da|ˈtænmɑk|pron|DA-Danmark.ogg}}) is a [[Nordic countries|Nordic country]] in [[Northern Europe]]. It is the most populous and politically central constituent of the [[Danish Realm|Kingdom of Denmark]],<ref group="N">{{lang-da|Kongeriget Danmark}}, {{IPA-da|ˈkʰɔŋəʁiːð̩ ˈtænmɑk|pron|Kongeriget Danmark.ogg}}</ref> a constitutionally [[unitary state]] that includes the [[Autonomous administrative division|autonomous territories]] of the [[Faroe Islands]] and [[Greenland]] in the North [[Atlantic Ocean]].<ref name="territory">* {{Cite web|last=Benedikter|first=Thomas|date=19 June 2006|title=The working autonomies in Europe|url=http://www.gfbv.it/3dossier/eu-min/autonomy.html|publisher=[[Society for Threatened Peoples]]|quote=Denmark has established very specific territorial autonomies with its two island territories|access-date=8 June 2012|archive-date=9 March 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309063149/http://www.gfbv.it/3dossier/eu-min/autonomy.html|url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite web|last=Ackrén|first=Maria|date=November 2017|title=Greenland|url=http://www.world-autonomies.info/tas/Greenland/Pages/default.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830110832/http://www.world-autonomies.info/tas/Greenland/Pages/default.aspx|archive-date=30 August 2019|access-date=30 August 2019|publisher=Autonomy Arrangements in the World|quote=Faroese and Greenlandic are seen as official regional languages in the self-governing territories belonging to Denmark.}}
* {{Cite web|date=3 June 2013|title=Greenland|url=https://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/countries/greenland_en|access-date=27 August 2019|website=International Cooperation and Development|publisher=[[European Commission]]|language=en|quote=Greenland [...] is an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark}}</ref> European Denmark<ref name="proper" group="N" /> is the southernmost of the [[Scandinavia]]n countries, lying southwest of [[Sweden]], south of [[Norway]],<ref group="N">The island of [[Bornholm]] is offset to the east of the rest of the country, in the Baltic Sea.</ref> and north of [[Germany]].
Spanning a total area of {{convert|42943|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}},<ref name="area">{{cite web|title=Area|url=https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/emner/geografi-miljoe-og-energi/areal/areal|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414212058/https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/emner/geografi-miljoe-og-energi/areal/areal|archive-date=14 April 2019|publisher=Statistics Denmark}}</ref> it consists of the peninsula of [[Jutland]] and an [[archipelago]] of [[List of islands of Denmark|443 named islands]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Denmark in numbers 2010|url=http://www.dst.dk/pukora/epub/upload/14847/dkital.pdf|publisher=Statistics Denmark|access-date=2 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418081728/http://www.dst.dk/pukora/epub/upload/14847/dkital.pdf|archive-date=18 April 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> of which the largest are [[Zealand]], [[Funen]] and the [[North Jutlandic Island]]. Denmark's geography is characterised by flat, [[arable land]], sandy coasts, low elevation, and a [[temperate climate]]. As of 2022, it had a population of 5.91 million (1 August 2022), of which 800,000 live in the [[Capital city|capital]] and largest city, [[Copenhagen]].<ref name="pop1" /> Denmark exercises [[Hegemony|hegemonic]] influence in the [[Danish Realm]], [[Devolution|devolving]] powers to handle internal affairs. [[Home rule]] was established in the Faroe Islands in 1948 and in [[Greenland]] in 1979; the latter obtained [[2008 Greenlandic self-government referendum|further autonomy]] in 2009.
The [[History of Denmark|unified kingdom of Denmark]] emerged in the eighth century as a proficient maritime power amid the struggle for [[Dominium maris baltici|control of the Baltic Sea]].{{sfn|Stone|Bain|Booth|Parnell|2008|p=31}} In 1397, it joined Norway and Sweden to form the [[Kalmar Union]], which persisted until [[Swedish War of Liberation|the latter's secession]] in 1523. The remaining Kingdom of [[Denmark–Norway]] endured a [[Northern Wars|series of wars]] in the 17th century that resulted in further [[cession|territorial cession]]s to the [[Swedish Empire]]. Following the [[Napoleonic Wars]], Norway was absorbed into Sweden, leaving Denmark with the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and [[Iceland]]. A surge of [[History of Denmark#The 19th century|nationalist movements]] in the 19th century were defeated in the [[First Schleswig War]] of 1848, though the [[Second Schleswig War]] of 1864 resulted in further [[Duchy of Schleswig|territorial losses]] to [[Prussia]]. The period saw the adoption of the [[Constitution of Denmark]] on 5 June 1849, ending the [[absolute monarchy]] that was established in 1660 and introducing the current parliamentary system.
An industrialised exporter of [[Agriculture|agricultural]] produce in the second half of the 19th century, Denmark introduced [[Kanslergade Agreement|social and labour-market reforms]] in the early 20th century, which formed the basis for the present [[welfare state]] [[Nordic model|model]] and advanced [[mixed economy]]. [[Denmark during World War I|Denmark remained neutral]] during [[World War I]] but regained the northern half of Schleswig in 1920. Danish neutrality was violated in World War II following a swift [[German invasion of Denmark (1940)|German invasion]] in April 1940. During occupation, a [[Danish resistance movement|resistance movement]] emerged in 1943 while Iceland declared independence in 1944; Denmark was [[Denmark in World War II#Hardship and the end of the war|liberated]] in May 1945. In 1973, Denmark, together with [[Withdrawal of Greenland from the European Communities|Greenland]] but not the [[Faroe Islands|Faroes]], became a member of what is now the [[European Union]], but negotiated [[Opt-outs in the European Union|certain opt-outs]], such as retaining its own currency, the [[Danish krone|krone]].
Denmark is a [[developed country|highly developed country]] with a high [[standard of living]]: the country performs at or near the top in measures of [[Education Index|education]], [[Healthcare in Denmark|health care]], [[Freedom in the World|civil liberties]], [[Democracy Index|democratic governance]] and [[LGBT rights in Denmark|LGBT equality]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/22/denmark-happiest-country_n_4070761.html|title=Denmark Is Considered The Happiest Country. You'll Never Guess Why.|first=Meredith|last=Melnick|date=22 October 2013|work=The Huffington Post|access-date=23 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023134428/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/22/denmark-happiest-country_n_4070761.html|archive-date=23 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Democracy_Index" /><ref>[http://www.legatum.com/article/Legatum-Prosperity-Index-Global-prosperity-rising-while-US-and-UK-economies-decline 2013 Legatum Prosperity Index™: Global prosperity rising while US and UK economies decline]. ''[[Legatum Institute]]'', 29 October 2013. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806123613/http://www.legatum.com/article/Legatum-Prosperity-Index-Global-prosperity-rising-while-US-and-UK-economies-decline |date=6 August 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Denmark Country Profile: Human Development Indicators |url=http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/DNK.html |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |access-date=19 April 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130328232058/http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/DNK.html |archive-date=28 March 2013 }}</ref> Denmark is a founding member of [[NATO]], the [[Nordic Council]], the [[OECD]], [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe|OSCE]], and the [[United Nations]]; it is also part of the [[Schengen Area]]. Denmark maintains close political, cultural, and linguistic ties with its Scandinavian neighbours, with the [[Danish language]] being partially [[Mutual intelligibility|mutually intelligible]] with both [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] and [[Swedish language|Swedish]].
== Etymology ==
{{Main|Etymology of Denmark}}
The etymology of the name "Denmark", the relationship between "Danes" and "Denmark", and the emergence of Denmark as a unified kingdom are topics of continuous scholarly debate.<ref>Kristian Andersen Nyrup, Middelalderstudier [http://www.nyrups.dk/Historie/MiddelalderIndex.htm Bog IX. Kong Gorms Saga] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109141345/http://www.nyrups.dk/Historie/MiddelalderIndex.htm |date=9 January 2010 }}</ref><ref>''Indvandrerne i Danmarks historie'', Bent Østergaard, Syddansk Universitetsforlag 2007, {{ISBN|978-87-7674-204-1}}, pp. 19–24</ref> This is centred primarily on the prefix ''"Dan"'' and whether it refers to the [[Danes (Germanic tribe)|Dani]] or a historical person [[Dan (king)|Dan]] and the exact meaning of the -''"mark"'' ending.
Most etymological dictionaries and handbooks derive "Dan" from a word meaning "flat land",<ref name="et1" /> related to German {{lang|de|Tenne}} "threshing floor", English ''den'' "cave".<ref name="et1">[[Jan de Vries (philologist)|J. de Vries]], ''Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch'', 1962, 73; [[:da:Niels Åge Nielsen|N. Å. Nielsen]], ''Dansk etymologisk ordbog'', 1989, 85–96.</ref> The element ''mark'' is believed to mean [[woodland]] or [[border]]land (see [[March (territory)|marches]]), with probable references to the border forests in south [[Duchy of Schleswig|Schleswig]].<ref>Navneforskning, Københavns Universitet{{cite web|url=http://navneforskning.ku.dk/stednavne.doc/betydninger.doc |title=Udvalgte stednavnes betydning |access-date=27 January 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060716144406/http://navneforskning.ku.dk/stednavne.doc/betydninger.doc |archive-date=16 July 2006 }}</ref>
The first recorded use of the word ''Danmark'' within Denmark itself is found on the two [[Jelling stones]], which are [[runestone]]s believed to have been erected by [[Gorm the Old]] ({{circa|955}}) and [[Harald Bluetooth]] ({{circa|965}}). The larger of the two stones is popularly cited as the "baptismal certificate" ({{lang|da|dåbsattest}}) of Denmark,<ref>{{cite book |last=O'Donoghue |first=Heather |title=Old Norse-Icelandic Literature: A Short Introduction |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lY-g2MTFh9gC&pg=PT27 |year=2008 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-0-470-77683-4 |page=27 |access-date=21 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412172508/https://books.google.com/books?id=lY-g2MTFh9gC&pg=PT27 |archive-date=12 April 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> though both use the word "Denmark", in the [[Accusative case|accusative]] {{runic|ᛏᛅᚾᛘᛅᚢᚱᚴ}} {{lang|non|tanmaurk}} ({{IPA|[danmɒrk]}}) on the large stone, and the [[Genitive case|genitive]] {{runic|ᛏᛅᚾᛘᛅᚱᚴᛅᚱ}} "tanmarkar" (pronounced {{IPA|[danmarkaɽ]}}) on the small stone, while the [[Dative case|dative]] form ''tąnmarku'' (pronounced {{IPA|[danmarkʊ]}}) is found on the contemporaneous Skivum stone. The inhabitants of Denmark are there called {{lang|da|tani}} ({{IPA|[danɪ]}}), or "Danes", in the accusative.
== History ==
{{Main|History of Denmark}}
{{Hatnote|Also related: [[History of the Faroe Islands]] and [[History of Greenland]]}}
=== Prehistory ===
[[File:Solvognen-00100.jpg|thumb|left|The gilded side of the [[Trundholm sun chariot]] dating from the Nordic Bronze Age]]
The earliest [[Archaeology of Denmark|archaeological finds in Denmark]] date back to the [[Eemian|Eem interglacial period]] from 130,000 to 110,000 [[Anno Domini|BC]].<ref>Michaelsen (2002), p. 19.</ref> Denmark has been inhabited since around 12,500 BC and agriculture has been evident since 3900 BC.<ref name="foreign ministry">{{cite web|last=Nielsen|first=Poul Otto|date=May 2003|url=http://www.um.dk/Publikationer/UM/English/Denmark/kap6/6-1.asp|title=Denmark: History, Prehistory|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark]]|access-date=1 May 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051122020555/http://www.um.dk/Publikationer/UM/English/Denmark/kap6/6-1.asp |archive-date=22 November 2005}}</ref> The [[Nordic Bronze Age]] (1800–600 BC) in Denmark was marked by [[Tumulus|burial mounds]], which left an abundance of findings including [[lur]]s and the [[Trundholm sun chariot|Sun Chariot]].
During the [[Pre-Roman Iron Age]] (500 BC – AD 1), native groups began migrating south, and the first tribal [[Danes (Germanic tribe)|Danes]] came to the country between the Pre-Roman and the [[Germanic Iron Age]],<ref>Busck and Poulsen (ed.) (2002), p. 20.</ref> in the [[Roman Iron Age]] (AD 1–400).<ref name="foreign ministry" /> The [[Roman province]]s maintained [[trade route]]s and relations with native tribes in Denmark, and [[Roman currency|Roman coins]] have been found in Denmark. Evidence of strong [[Celtic nations|Celtic]] cultural influence dates from this period in Denmark and much of North-West Europe and is among other things reflected in the finding of the [[Gundestrup cauldron]].
The tribal Danes came from the east [[List of islands of Denmark|Danish islands]] ([[Zealand]]) and [[Scania]] and spoke an early form of [[North Germanic languages|North Germanic]]. Historians believe that before their arrival, most of [[Jutland]] and the nearest islands were settled by tribal [[Jutes]]. The Jutes migrated to [[Great Britain]] eventually, some as mercenaries of [[Brythonic languages|Brythonic]] King [[Vortigern]], and were granted the south-eastern territories of [[Kent]], the [[Isle of Wight]] and other areas, where they settled. They were later absorbed or [[ethnic cleansing|ethnically cleansed]] by the invading [[Angles]] and [[Saxons]], who formed the [[Anglo-Saxons]]. The remaining [[Jutes|Jutish]] population in Jutland assimilated in with the settling [[Danes (Germanic tribe)|Danes]].
A short note about the ''Dani'' in ''[[Getica]]'' by the historian [[Jordanes]] is believed to be an early mention of the Danes, one of the [[ethnic group]]s from whom modern [[Danes]] are descended.<ref>{{cite web |author=Jordanes |others=[[Charles C. Mierow]] (trans.) |date=22 April 1997 |url=http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~vandersp/Courses/texts/jordgeti.html#III |title=The Origin and Deeds of the Goths, chapter III |access-date=1 May 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060424044148/http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~vandersp/Courses/texts/jordgeti.html#III |archive-date=24 April 2006 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Busck and Poulsen (ed.) (2002), p. 19.</ref> The [[Danevirke]] defence structures were built in phases from the 3rd century forward and the sheer size of the construction efforts in AD 737 are attributed to the emergence of a Danish king.<ref name="danevirke">Michaelsen (2002), pp. 122–23.</ref> A [[Younger Futhark|new runic alphabet]] was first used around the same time and [[Ribe]], the oldest town of Denmark, was founded about AD 700.
=== Viking and Middle Ages ===
{{Main|Viking Age|Kalmar Union}}
[[File:Ladbyskibet.jpg|thumb|The [[Ladby ship]], the largest ship burial found in Denmark.]]
From the 8th to the 10th century the wider [[History of Scandinavia|Scandinavian]] region was the source of [[Vikings]]. They colonised, raided, and traded in all parts of Europe. The Danish Vikings were most active in the eastern and southern [[British Isles]] and [[Western Europe]]. They settled in parts of [[England]] (known as the [[Danelaw]]) under King [[Sweyn Forkbeard]] in 1013, and in [[France]] where Danes and Norwegians were allowed to settle in what would become [[Normandy]] in exchange of allegiance to [[Robert I of France]] with [[Rollo]] as first ruler. Some [[Anglo-Saxons|Anglo-Saxon]] [[pence]] of this period have been found in Denmark.<ref name="Lund">*{{cite web|last=Lund |first=Niels |date=May 2003 |url=http://www.um.dk/Publikationer/UM/English/Denmark/kap6/6-2.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510174200/http://www.um.dk/Publikationer/UM/English/Denmark/kap6/6-2.asp |archive-date=10 May 2006 |title=Denmark – History – The Viking Age |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark]] |access-date=24 June 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
[[File:Jellingsten stor 1.jpg|thumb|left|upright|alt=Large stone containing a carved depiction of Jesus Christ|Larger of the two Jelling stones, raised by [[Harald Bluetooth]]]]
Denmark was largely consolidated by the late 8th century and its rulers are consistently referred to in [[Frankish language|Frankish]] sources as kings (''reges''). Under the reign of [[Gudfred]] in 804 the Danish kingdom may have included all the [[Lands of Denmark|lands]] of Jutland, [[Scania]] and the Danish islands, excluding Bornholm.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UmFrVUb5DSwC&pg=PA76|title=Christianization and the Rise of Christian Monarchy: Scandinavia, Central Europe and Rus' c.900–1200|first=Nora|last=Berend|date=22 November 2007|publisher=Cambridge University Press|via=Google Books|isbn=978-1-139-46836-7}}</ref>
The extant Danish monarchy traces its roots back to [[Gorm the Old]], who established his reign in the early 10th century.{{sfn|Stone|Bain|Booth|Parnell|2008|p=31}} As attested by the [[Jelling stones]], the Danes were [[Christianised]] around 965 by [[Harald Bluetooth]], the son of [[Gorm the Old|Gorm]]. It is believed that Denmark became Christian for political reasons so as not to get invaded by the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. A rising Christian power in Europe, the Holy Roman Empire was an important trading partner for the Danes. As a deterrent against this threat, Harald built six [[fortresses]] around Denmark called [[Viking ring fortress|Trelleborg]] and built a further [[Danevirke]]. In the early 11th century, [[Canute the Great]] won and united Denmark, England, and [[Norway]] for almost 30 years with a Scandinavian army.<ref name="Lund" />
Throughout the [[High Middle Ages|High]] and [[Late Middle Ages]], Denmark also included [[Skåneland]] (the areas of Scania, [[Halland]], and [[Blekinge]] in present-day south Sweden) and Danish kings ruled [[Danish Estonia]], as well as the [[duchy|duchies]] of [[Schleswig]] and [[Holstein]]. Most of the latter two now form the state of [[Schleswig-Holstein]] in northern Germany.
In 1397, Denmark entered into a [[personal union]] with [[Norway]] and [[Sweden–Finland|Sweden]], united under Queen [[Margaret I of Denmark|Margaret I]].{{sfn|Stone|Bain|Booth|Parnell|2008|p=33}} The three countries were to be treated as equals in the union. However, even from the start, Margaret may not have been so idealistic—treating Denmark as the clear "senior" partner of the union.<ref name="Lauring">Lauring, Palle (1960) ''A History of the Kingdom of Denmark'', Host & Son Co.: Copenhagen, p. 108.</ref> Thus, much of the next 125 years of [[History of Scandinavia|Scandinavian history]] revolves around this union, with Sweden breaking off and being re-conquered repeatedly. The issue was for practical purposes resolved on 17 June 1523, as [[List of Swedish monarchs|Swedish King]] [[Gustav I of Sweden|Gustav Vasa]] conquered the city of [[Stockholm]]. The [[Protestant Reformation]] spread to Scandinavia in the 1530s, and following the [[Count's Feud]] civil war, [[Reformation in Denmark–Norway and Holstein|Denmark converted]] to [[Lutheranism]] in 1536. Later that year, Denmark entered into a union with Norway.
=== Early modern history (1536–1849) ===
{{Main|Denmark–Norway|Danish overseas colonies}}
[[File:Denmark-Norway in 1780.svg|thumb|Extent of the [[Denmark–Norway|Dano-Norwegian Realm]]. After the Napoleonic Wars, Norway was ceded to Sweden while Denmark kept the [[Faroe Islands]], [[Iceland]] and [[Greenland]].]]
After Sweden permanently [[History of Sweden (1523–1611)|broke away]] from the personal union, Denmark tried on several occasions to reassert control over its neighbour. King [[Christian IV of Denmark|Christian IV]] attacked Sweden in the 1611–1613 [[Kalmar War]] but failed to accomplish his main objective of forcing it to return to the union. The war led to no territorial changes, but Sweden was forced to pay a [[war reparations|war indemnity]] of 1 million [[silver]] [[riksdaler]] to Denmark, an amount known as the ''[[Treaty of Stettin (1570)|Älvsborg ransom]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.smb.nu/svenskakrig/1611.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011111014/http://smb.nu/svenskakrig/1611.asp |archive-date=11 October 2007 |title=Kalmarkriget 1611–1613 |access-date=4 May 2007 |publisher=Svenskt Militärhistoriskt Bibliotek |url-status=dead }}</ref> King Christian used this money to found several towns and fortresses, most notably [[Glückstadt]] (founded as a rival to [[Hamburg]]) and [[Oslo|Christiania]]. Inspired by the [[Dutch East India Company]], he founded a similar [[Danish East India Company|Danish company]] and planned to claim [[Sri Lanka|Ceylon]] as a colony, but the company only managed to acquire [[Tharangambadi|Tranquebar]] on India's [[Coromandel Coast]]. Denmark's large colonial aspirations included a few key [[trading posts]] in [[Africa]] and [[India]]. While Denmark's trading posts in India were of little note, it played an important role in the highly lucrative [[Atlantic slave trade]], through its trading outposts in [[Osu Castle|Fort Christiansborg]] in [[Osu, Accra|Osu]], [[Ghana]] through which 1.5 million slaves were traded.<ref name="guardian6nov2018">{{cite news |last1=Rawlinson |first1=Kevin |title=Prince Charles says Britain's role in slave trade was an atrocity |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/nov/05/prince-charles-says-britains-part-in-transatlantic-slave-trade-was-atrocity |access-date=6 November 2018 |newspaper=The Guardian |date=5 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105232718/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/nov/05/prince-charles-says-britains-part-in-transatlantic-slave-trade-was-atrocity |archive-date=5 November 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> While the Danish colonial empire was sustained by trade with other major powers, and [[plantation]]s – ultimately a lack of resources led to its stagnation.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=James Stuart |editor1-last=Olson |editor2-first=Robert |editor2-last=Shadle |year=1991 |title=Historical Dictionary of European Imperialism |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uyqepNdgUWkC&pg=PA167|access-date=15 May 2014|isbn=978-0-313-26257-9 }}</ref>
In the [[Thirty Years' War]], Christian tried to become the leader of the [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] states in Germany but suffered a crushing defeat at the [[Battle of Lutter]].<ref>Parker, pp. 69–70.</ref> The result was that the Catholic army under [[Albrecht von Wallenstein]] was able to invade, occupy, and pillage Jutland, forcing Denmark [[Treaty of Lübeck|to withdraw from the war]].<ref>Parker, p. 70.</ref> Denmark managed to avoid territorial concessions, but King [[Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden|Gustavus Adolphus]]' intervention in Germany was seen as a sign that the military power of Sweden was on the rise while Denmark's influence in the region was declining. Swedish armies [[Torstenson War|invaded Jutland]] in 1643 and claimed Scania in 1644. In the 1645 [[Second Treaty of Brömsebro (1645)|Treaty of Brømsebro]], Denmark surrendered Halland, [[Gotland]], the last parts of Danish Estonia, and several provinces in Norway.
[[File:Stormen på København (F.C. Lund).jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|The [[Assault on Copenhagen (1659)|Assault]] on [[Copenhagen]] on 11 February 1659 during the [[Second Northern War]]. Danish defenders under King [[Frederick III of Denmark|Frederick III]] successfully repelled the forces of the [[Swedish Empire]]. Painting by [[Frederik Christian Lund]].]]
Seeing an opportunity to tear up the Treaty of Brømsebro, King [[Frederick III of Denmark]], in 1657, declared war on Sweden, the latter being deeply involved in the [[Second Northern War]] (1655–1660), and marched on [[Bremen-Verden]]. This led to a massive Danish defeat as the armies of King [[Charles X Gustav]] of Sweden conquered [[Jutland]] and, following the [[March Across the Belts|Swedish March across]] the frozen [[Danish straits]], occupied [[Funen]] and much of [[Zealand]] before signing the [[Treaty of Roskilde|Peace of Roskilde]] in February 1658, which gave Sweden control of Scania, [[Blekinge]], [[Bohuslän]], [[Trøndelag]], and the island of [[Bornholm]]. Charles X Gustav quickly regretted not having ruined Denmark and in August 1658, he launched a [[Dano-Swedish War (1658–1660)|second attack on Denmark]], conquered most of the Danish islands, and began a two-year-long siege of [[Copenhagen]]. King Frederick III actively led the defence of the city, rallying its citizens to take up arms, and [[Assault on Copenhagen (1659)|repelled the Swedish attacks]].<ref>Isacson, p. 229; Englund, p. 610</ref> The siege ended following the death of Charles X Gustav in 1660.{{sfn|Stone|Bain|Booth|Parnell|2008|p=35}} In the ensuing [[Treaty of Copenhagen (1660)|peace settlement]], Denmark managed to maintain its independence and regain control of Trøndelag and Bornholm.<ref>Frost, pp. 180-183</ref> Attaining great popularity following the war, Frederick III used this to [[King's Law|disband the elective monarchy]] in favour of [[absolute monarchy]], which lasted until 1848 in Denmark.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ekman|first=Ernst|date=1957|title=The Danish Royal Law of 1665|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/237987|journal=The Journal of Modern History|volume=29|issue=2|pages=102–107|doi=10.1086/237987|s2cid=145652129|issn=0022-2801|via=}}</ref>
Denmark tried but failed to regain control of Scania in the [[Scanian War]] (1675–1679). After the [[Great Northern War]] (1700–21), Denmark managed to regain control of the parts of [[Schleswig]] and [[Holstein]] ruled by the house of [[Holstein-Gottorp]] in the 1720 [[Treaty of Frederiksborg]] and the 1773 [[Treaty of Tsarskoye Selo]], respectively. Denmark prospered greatly in the last decades of the 18th century due to its [[Country neutrality (international relations)|neutral status]] allowing it to trade with both sides in the many contemporary wars. In the [[Napoleonic Wars]], Denmark traded with both [[First French Empire|France]] and the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]] and joined the [[Second League of Armed Neutrality|League of Armed Neutrality]] with [[Russian Empire|Russia]], Sweden, and [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]].<ref>{{cite web|title=League of Armed Neutrality|url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100056830|publisher=Oxford Reference|access-date=28 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924130430/http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100056830|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The British considered this a hostile act and attacked Copenhagen in [[Battle of Copenhagen (1801)|1801]] and [[Battle of Copenhagen (1807)|1807]], in one case carrying off the [[Royal Danish Navy|Danish fleet]], in the other, burning large parts of the Danish capital. This led to the so-called Danish-British [[Gunboat War]]. British control of the waterways between Denmark and Norway proved disastrous to the union's economy and in 1813 Denmark–Norway went [[bankruptcy|bankrupt]].
The union was dissolved by the [[Treaty of Kiel]] in 1814; the Danish monarchy "irrevocably and forever" renounced claims to the Kingdom of Norway in favour of the Swedish king.<ref>{{cite book|last=Jenssen-Tusch|first=Georg Friedrich|title=Zur Regierungsgeschichte Friedrich VI. Königs von Dänemark, Herzogs von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg|page=166|year=1852|publisher=Verlag Schröder|language=de}}</ref> Denmark kept the possessions of [[Iceland]] (which retained the Danish monarchy until 1944), the [[Faroe Islands]] and [[Greenland]], all of which had been governed by Norway for centuries.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dörr|first=Oliver|title=Kompendium völkerrechtlicher Rechtsprechung : eine Auswahl für Studium und Praxis|date=2004|publisher=Mohr Siebeck|location=Tübingen|isbn=978-3-16-148311-0|page=101}}</ref> Apart from the Nordic colonies, Denmark continued to rule over [[Danish India]] from 1620 to 1869, the [[Danish Gold Coast]] (Ghana) from 1658 to 1850, and the [[Danish West Indies]] from 1671 to 1917.
=== Constitutional monarchy (1849–present) ===
[[File:Grundlovgivende rigsforsamling - Constantin Hansen.jpg|thumb|left|The National Constitutional Assembly was convened by King [[Frederick VII of Denmark|Frederick VII]] in 1848 to adopt the [[Constitution of Denmark]].]]
==== Liberal movement and cession of Schleswig and Holstein ====
A nascent Danish liberal and national movement gained momentum in the 1830s; after the European [[Revolutions of 1848]], Denmark peacefully became a [[constitutional monarchy]] on 5 June 1849. A new constitution established a [[Rigsdagen|two-chamber parliament]]. Denmark faced war against both [[Prussia]] and [[Austrian Empire]] in what became known as the [[Second Schleswig War]], lasting from February to October 1864. Denmark was defeated and obliged to [[cession|cede]] [[Province of Schleswig-Holstein|Schleswig and Holstein]] to [[Prussia]]. This loss came as the latest in the long series of defeats and [[Danish Royal Enclaves|territorial]] losses that had begun in the 17th century. After these events, Denmark pursued a policy of neutrality in Europe.
==== Industrialization ====
[[Industrialization|Industrialisation]] came to Denmark in the second half of the 19th century.<ref>{{cite book|last=Tellier|first=Luc-Normand|title=Urban world history an economic and geographical perspective|date=2009|publisher=Presses de l'Université du Québec|location=Québec|isbn=978-2-7605-2209-1|page=457|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cXuCjDbxC1YC&pg=PA457|access-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412182836/https://books.google.com/books?id=cXuCjDbxC1YC&pg=PA457|archive-date=12 April 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[History of rail transport in Denmark|nation's first railways]] were constructed in the 1850s, and improved communications and overseas trade allowed industry to develop in spite of Denmark's lack of natural resources. [[Trade union]]s developed, starting in the 1870s. There was a considerable migration of people from the countryside to the cities, and Danish agriculture became centred on the export of dairy and meat products.
==== Denmark in World War I ====
Denmark [[Denmark during World War I|maintained its neutral stance]] during [[World War I]]. After the defeat of Germany, the [[Treaty of Versailles|Versailles powers]] offered to return the region of Schleswig-Holstein to Denmark. Fearing German [[irredentism]], Denmark refused to consider the return of the area without a [[plebiscite]]; the two [[Schleswig Plebiscites]] took place on 10 February and 14 March 1920, respectively. On 10 July 1920, Northern Schleswig was recovered by Denmark, thereby adding some 163,600 inhabitants and {{convert|3984|km2|sqmi}}. The country's first social democratic government took office in 1924.<ref name="Politico">{{cite web|title=Lost in translation: Epic goes to Denmark|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/06/06/epic-denmark-health-1510223|website=Politico|access-date=10 June 2019}}</ref>
==== German Non-aggression pact and invasion ====
In 1939 Denmark signed a 10-year non-aggression pact with [[Nazi Germany]] but [[German invasion of Denmark (1940)|Germany invaded Denmark]] on 9 April 1940 and the Danish government quickly surrendered. [[Denmark in World War II|World War II in Denmark]] was characterised by economic co-operation with Germany until 1943, when the Danish government refused further co-operation and [[Royal Danish Navy|its navy]] [[Operation Safari|scuttled most of its ships]] and sent many of its officers to Sweden, which was neutral. The [[Danish resistance movement|Danish resistance]] performed a [[Rescue of the Danish Jews|rescue operation]] that managed to evacuate several thousand [[History of the Jews in Denmark|Jews]] and their families to safety in Sweden before the Germans could send them to death camps. Some Danes supported [[Nazism]] by joining the [[National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark|Danish Nazi Party]] or volunteering to fight with Germany as part of the [[Frikorps Danmark]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Rugg |first=Andy |title=Traitor Danes: most soldiers return heroes, but this lot came home total zeroes |url=http://cphpost.dk//culture/through-looking-glass/traitor-danes-most-soldiers-return-heroes-lot-came-home-total-zeroes |work=Copenhagen Post |access-date=30 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130129130650/http://cphpost.dk/culture/through-looking-glass/traitor-danes-most-soldiers-return-heroes-lot-came-home-total-zeroes |archive-date=29 January 2013 }}</ref> Iceland severed ties with Denmark and [[Founding of the republic of Iceland|became an independent republic]] in 1944; [[Liberation of Denmark|Germany surrendered]] in May 1945. In 1948, the Faroe Islands gained [[home rule]]. In 1949, Denmark became a founding member of [[NATO]].
[[File:Tratado de Lisboa 13 12 2007 (081).jpg|thumb|Denmark became a member of the European Union in 1973 and signed the [[Lisbon Treaty]] in 2007.]]
Denmark was a founding member of [[European Free Trade Association]] (EFTA). During the 1960s, the EFTA countries were often referred to as the [[Outer Seven]], as opposed to the [[Inner Six]] of what was then the [[European Economic Community]] (EEC).<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Finland: Now, the Seven and a Half |magazine=Time |date=7 April 1961 |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,874317,00.htm |access-date=18 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104144427/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,874317,00.htm |archive-date=4 November 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1973, along with Britain and Ireland, Denmark joined the European Economic Community (now the [[European Union]]) after a [[1972 Danish European Communities membership referendum|public referendum]]. The [[Maastricht Treaty]], which involved further European integration, [[1992 Danish Maastricht Treaty referendum|was rejected]] by the Danish people in 1992; it was only accepted after a [[1993 Danish Maastricht Treaty referendum|second referendum]] in 1993, which provided for [[Opt-outs in the European Union|four opt-outs]] from policies. The Danes rejected the euro as the national currency in [[2000 Danish euro referendum|a referendum in 2000]]. Greenland gained home rule in 1979 and was awarded [[self-determination]] in 2009. Neither the [[Faroe Islands and the European Union|Faroe Islands]] nor [[Greenland–European Union relations#Outside the EU|Greenland]] are members of the European Union, the Faroese having declined membership of the EEC in 1973 and Greenland in 1986, in both cases because of fisheries policies.
Constitutional change in 1953 led to a [[unicameralism|single-chamber]] parliament elected by proportional representation, female accession to the Danish throne, and Greenland becoming an integral part of Denmark. The [[centre-left]] [[Social Democrats (Denmark)|Social Democrats]] led a string of coalition governments for most of the second half of the 20th century, introducing the [[Nordic model|Nordic welfare model]]. The [[Venstre (Denmark)|Liberal Party]] and the [[Conservative People's Party (Denmark)|Conservative People's Party]] have also led [[centre-right]] governments.
== Geography ==
{{Main|Geography of Denmark}}
{{See also|Geography of the Faroe Islands|Geography of Greenland}}
[[File:Satellite image of Denmark in July 2001.jpg|thumb|alt=Satellite image|A satellite image of Jutland and the Danish islands]]
Located in [[Northern Europe]], Denmark{{#tag:ref|The Kingdom of Denmark's territory in [[continental Europe]] is referred to as "[[wikt:Metropolitan|metropolitan]] Denmark",<ref name="Administrative divisions – Denmark">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/administrative-divisions#da Administrative divisions – Denmark] [[The World Factbook]]. Access date: 16 September 2021</ref> "Denmark [[wikt:proper#Adjective|proper]]" ({{lang-da|egentlig Danmark}}), or simply "Denmark". In this article, usage of "Denmark" excludes Greenland and the Faroe Islands.|name="proper"|group="N"}} consists of the peninsula of [[Jutland]] and [[List of islands of Denmark|443 named islands]] (1,419 islands above {{convert|100|m2|sqft}} in total).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.kms.dk/C1256AED004EA666/(AllDocsByDocId)/1D7EE8822587E667C1256AEF0030ABF6?open&page=strste&omr=KORT_DK_I_TAL |title=Landet i tal – Største øer |access-date=14 July 2007 |date=23 September 2003 |publisher=[[National Survey and Cadastre of Denmark]] }}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Of these, 74 are inhabited (January 2015),<ref>Statistikbanken.dk/bef4</ref> with the largest being [[Zealand]], the [[North Jutlandic Island]], and [[Funen]]. The island of [[Bornholm]] is located east of the rest of the country, in the [[Baltic Sea]]. Many of the larger islands are connected by bridges; a [[Øresund Bridge|bridge-tunnel]] across the [[Øresund]] connects Zealand with Sweden; the [[Great Belt Fixed Link]] connects Funen with Zealand; and the [[Little Belt Bridge (1970)|Little Belt Bridge]] connects Jutland with Funen. [[Ferry|Ferries]] or [[small aircraft]] connect to the smaller islands. The four [[List of cities in Denmark by population|cities with populations over 100,000]] are the capital [[Copenhagen]] on Zealand; [[Aarhus]] and [[Aalborg]] in Jutland; and [[Odense]] on Funen.
[[File:Da-map.png|thumb|left|alt=A labelled map of Denmark|A map showing [[List of urban areas in Denmark by population|major urban areas]], islands and connecting bridges]]
The country occupies a total area of {{convert|42,943.9|km2|sqmi|lk=in|sigfig=5}}.<ref name=area /> The area of inland water is {{convert|700|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}, variously stated as from 500 to 700 km<sup>2</sup> (193–270 sq mi).{{citation needed|date=December 2020}} Lake [[Arresø]] northwest of Copenhagen is the largest lake. The size of the land area cannot be stated exactly since the ocean constantly erodes and adds material to the coastline, and because of human [[land reclamation]] projects (to counter erosion). [[Post-glacial rebound]] raises the land by a bit less than {{convert|1|cm|1|abbr=on}} per year in the north and east, extending the coast. A circle enclosing the same area as Denmark would be {{convert|234|km|mi|abbr=off}} in [[diameter]] with a [[circumference]] of {{convert|736|km|0|abbr=on}} (land area only:{{convert|232.33|km|mi|abbr=on}} and {{convert|730|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} respectively). It shares a border of {{convert|68|km| mi}} with [[Germany]] to the south and is otherwise surrounded by {{convert|8,750|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} of tidal [[shoreline]] (including small [[bay]]s and [[inlet]]s).<ref name="Nature and Environment">{{cite web |url=http://denmark.dk/portal/page?_pageid=374,520337&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070403235436/http://denmark.dk/portal/page?_pageid=374,520337&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL |archive-date=3 April 2007 |title=Nature & Environment |access-date=3 February 2007 |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark]] |url-status=dead }}</ref> No location in Denmark is farther from the coast than {{convert|52|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}. On the south-west coast of Jutland, the tide is between {{convert|1|and|2|m|ft|2|abbr=on}}, and the tideline moves outward and inward on a {{convert|10|km|mi|1|abbr=on}} stretch.<ref>Nationalencyklopedin, (1990)</ref> Denmark's [[Borders of Denmark|territorial waters]] total {{convert|105,000|km2|0|abbr=off}}.
Denmark's northernmost point is [[Skagen]] point (the north beach of the Skaw) at 57° 45' 7" northern latitude; the southernmost is [[Gedser]] point (the southern tip of [[Falster]]) at 54° 33' 35" northern latitude; the westernmost point is [[Blåvandshuk]] at 8° 4' 22" eastern longitude; and the easternmost point is [[Østerskær]] at 15° 11' 55" eastern longitude. This is in the small [[Ertholmene]] archipelago {{convert|18|km|mi}} north-east of Bornholm. The distance from east to west is {{convert|452|km|mi|0}}, from north to south {{convert|368|km|mi|0}}.
[[File:Landscape seen from Ellemandsbjerg.jpg|thumb|[[Bay of Aarhus]] viewed from southern [[Djursland]]]]
The country is flat with little elevation, having an average height [[above mean sea level|above sea level]] of {{convert|31|m|ft|0}}. The highest natural point is [[Møllehøj]], at {{convert|170.86|m|ft|2}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nyt højeste punkt i Danmark|url=http://www.gst.dk/nyheder/nyhedsarkiv/2005/feb/hoejste-punkt/|publisher=[[Danish Geodata Agency]]|access-date=26 May 2014|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528005236/http://www.gst.dk/nyheder/nyhedsarkiv/2005/feb/hoejste-punkt/|archive-date=28 May 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Although this is by far the lowest high point in the Nordic countries and also less than half of the highest point in [[Götaland|Southern Sweden]], Denmark's general elevation in its interior is generally at a safe level from [[sea level rise|rising sea levels]]. A sizeable portion of Denmark's [[terrain]] consists of rolling [[plain]]s whilst the coastline is sandy, with large [[dune]]s in northern Jutland. Although once extensively forested, today Denmark largely consists of [[arable land]]. It is drained by a [[List of rivers of Denmark|dozen or so rivers]], and the most significant include the [[Gudenå]], [[Odense River|Odense]], [[Skjern River|Skjern]], [[Suså River|Suså]] and [[Vidå]]—a river that flows along its southern border with Germany.
The Kingdom of Denmark includes two overseas territories, both well to the west of Denmark: Greenland, the [[list of islands by area|world's largest island]], and the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic Ocean. These territories are self-governing under their own parliaments (the [[Løgting]] and [[Inatsisartut]]) and form, together with continental Denmark, part of the [[Danish Realm]].
=== Climate ===
Denmark has a [[Temperateness|temperate]] climate, characterised by mild winters, with mean temperatures in January of {{convert|1.5|°C|°F|1}}, and cool summers, with a mean temperature in August of {{convert|17.2|°C|°F|1}}.<ref name="Denmark climate">{{cite web |url=http://www.dmi.dk/vejr/arkiver/normaler-og-ekstremer/klimanormaler-dk/vejrnormal/ |title=Climate Normals for Denmark |access-date=2 January 2015 |publisher=[[Danish Meteorological Institute]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103014624/http://www.dmi.dk/vejr/arkiver/normaler-og-ekstremer/klimanormaler-dk/vejrnormal// |archive-date=3 January 2015 |url-status=dead }} Figures, labelled in Danish: First plot is the whole country; Nedbør=Precipitation, Nedbørdage=Precipitation days (>1 mm), (Dag/Middel/Nat)temp.=(Daytime/Average/Nighttime) temperature, Solskinstimer=Hours of sunshine.</ref> The most extreme temperatures recorded in Denmark, since 1874 when recordings began, was {{convert|36.4|°C|°F|1}} in 1975 and {{convert|-31.2|°C|°F|1}} in 1982.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dmi.dk/vejr/arkiver/normaler-og-ekstremer/vejrekstremer-dk/|title=Vejrekstremer i Danmark [Weather extremes in Denmark]|language=da|publisher=[[Danish Meteorological Institute]] (DMI)|date=6 October 2016|access-date=19 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019211924/https://www.dmi.dk/vejr/arkiver/normaler-og-ekstremer/vejrekstremer-dk/|archive-date=19 October 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Denmark has an average of 179 days per year with precipitation, on average receiving a total of {{convert|765|mm|in|0}} per year; autumn is the wettest season and spring the driest.<ref name="Denmark climate" /> The position between a continent and an ocean means that the weather is often unstable.<ref name="Denmark weather change">{{cite web |url=http://www.dmi.dk/vejr/til-lands/maaned-og-saeson/vejrkorset-efteraarsvejrets-fire-hjoerner/ |title=The weather cross – the four corners of autumn weather |access-date=17 September 2015 |publisher=[[Danish Meteorological Institute]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921003948/http://www.dmi.dk/vejr/til-lands/maaned-og-saeson/vejrkorset-efteraarsvejrets-fire-hjoerner/ |archive-date=21 September 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Because of Denmark's northern location, there are large seasonal variations in daylight. There are short days during the winter with sunrise coming around 8:45 am and sunset 3:45 pm (standard time), as well as long summer days with sunrise at 4:30 am and sunset at 10 pm ([[daylight saving time]]).<ref name="sunrise sunset">{{cite web|url=http://www.gaisma.com/en/location/kobenhavn.html|title=Copenhagen, Denmark – Sunrise, sunset, dawn and dusk times for the whole year|publisher=Gaisma|access-date=24 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702220228/http://www.gaisma.com/en/location/kobenhavn.html|archive-date=2 July 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Ecology ===
{{Further|List of forests in Denmark|List of mammals of Denmark|List of birds of Denmark}}
{{Hatnote|Also related: [[Flora of the Faroe Islands|Flora]] and [[Fauna of the Faroe Islands]] and [[Flora and fauna of Greenland]]}}
[[File:Grib skov.jpg|thumb|[[Fagus sylvatica|Beech trees]] are common throughout Denmark, especially in the sparse woodlands.]]
Denmark belongs to the [[Boreal Kingdom]] and can be subdivided into two [[ecoregion]]s: the [[Atlantic mixed forests]] and [[Baltic mixed forests]].<ref name="DinersteinOlson2017">{{cite journal|last1=Dinerstein|first1=Eric|last2=Olson|first2=David|last3=Joshi|first3=Anup|last4=Vynne|first4=Carly|last5=Burgess|first5=Neil D.|last6=Wikramanayake|first6=Eric|last7=Hahn|first7=Nathan|last8=Palminteri|first8=Suzanne|last9=Hedao|first9=Prashant|last10=Noss|first10=Reed|last11=Hansen|first11=Matt|last12=Locke|first12=Harvey|last13=Ellis|first13=Erle C|last14=Jones|first14=Benjamin|last15=Barber|first15=Charles Victor|last16=Hayes|first16=Randy|last17=Kormos|first17=Cyril|last18=Martin|first18=Vance|last19=Crist|first19=Eileen|last20=Sechrest|first20=Wes|last21=Price|first21=Lori|last22=Baillie|first22=Jonathan E. M.|last23=Weeden|first23=Don|last24=Suckling|first24=Kierán|last25=Davis|first25=Crystal|last26=Sizer|first26=Nigel|last27=Moore|first27=Rebecca|last28=Thau|first28=David|last29=Birch|first29=Tanya|last30=Potapov|first30=Peter|last31=Turubanova|first31=Svetlana|last32=Tyukavina|first32=Alexandra|last33=de Souza|first33=Nadia|last34=Pintea|first34=Lilian|last35=Brito|first35=José C.|last36=Llewellyn|first36=Othman A.|last37=Miller|first37=Anthony G.|last38=Patzelt|first38=Annette|last39=Ghazanfar|first39=Shahina A.|last40=Timberlake|first40=Jonathan|last41=Klöser|first41=Heinz|last42=Shennan-Farpón|first42=Yara|last43=Kindt|first43=Roeland|last44=Lillesø|first44=Jens-Peter Barnekow|last45=van Breugel|first45=Paulo|last46=Graudal|first46=Lars|last47=Voge|first47=Maianna|last48=Al-Shammari|first48=Khalaf F.|last49=Saleem|first49=Muhammad|title=An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm|journal=BioScience|volume=67|issue=6|year=2017|pages=534–545|issn=0006-3568|doi=10.1093/biosci/bix014|pmid=28608869|pmc=5451287}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Hogan|first1=C Michael|title=Ecoregions of Denmark|url=http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/152021/|publisher=Encyclopedia of Earth|access-date=26 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924044145/http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/152021/|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Almost all of Denmark's [[primeval forest|primeval temperate forests]] have been destroyed or fragmented, chiefly for agricultural purposes during the last millennia.<ref name="Jensen1">{{cite web|last1=Jensen|first1=Christian Lundmark|title=Forests and forestry in Denmark – Thousands of years of interaction between man and nature|url=http://www.nordicforestresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/ForestandforestryinDenmark.pdf|publisher=Danish Ministry of the Environment Nature Agency|access-date=31 May 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160715001546/http://www.nordicforestresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/ForestandforestryinDenmark.pdf|archive-date=15 July 2016}}</ref> The deforestation has created large swaths of [[heathland]] and devastating [[Saltation (geology)|sand drifts]].<ref name="Jensen1" /> In spite of this, there are several larger [[second growth forest|second growth woodlands]] in the country and, in total, 12.9% of the land is now forested.<ref>{{cite web |title= Forest area (% of land area) |url= http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.FRST.ZS |website= worldbank.org |publisher= The World Bank |access-date= 26 August 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150905234836/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.FRST.ZS |archive-date= 5 September 2015 |url-status=live |df= dmy-all }}</ref> [[Picea abies|Norway spruce]] is the most widespread tree (2017); an important tree in the [[Christmas tree production in Denmark|Christmas tree production]]. Denmark holds a [[Forest Landscape Integrity Index]] mean score of 0.5/10, ranking it 171st globally out of 172 countries—behind only [[San Marino]].<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal|last1=Grantham|first1=H. S.|last2=Duncan|first2=A.|last3=Evans|first3=T. D.|last4=Jones|first4=K. R.|last5=Beyer|first5=H. L.|last6=Schuster|first6=R.|last7=Walston|first7=J.|last8=Ray|first8=J. C.|last9=Robinson|first9=J. G.|last10=Callow|first10=M.|last11=Clements|first11=T.|last12=Costa|first12=H. M.|last13=DeGemmis|first13=A.|last14=Elsen|first14=P. R.|last15=Ervin|first15=J.|last16=Franco|first16=P.|last17=Goldman|first17=E.|last18=Goetz|first18=S.|last19=Hansen|first19=A.|last20=Hofsvang|first20=E.|last21=Jantz|first21=P.|last22=Jupiter|first22=S.|last23=Kang|first23=A.|last24=Langhammer|first24=P.|last25=Laurance|first25=W. F.|last26=Lieberman|first26=S.|last27=Linkie|first27=M.|last28=Malhi|first28=Y.|last29=Maxwell|first29=S.|last30=Mendez|first30=M.|last31=Mittermeier|first31=R.|last32=Murray|first32=N. J.|last33=Possingham|first33=H.|last34=Radachowsky|first34=J.|last35=Saatchi|first35=S.|last36=Samper|first36=C.|last37=Silverman|first37=J.|last38=Shapiro|first38=A.|last39=Strassburg|first39=B.|last40=Stevens|first40=T.|last41=Stokes|first41=E.|last42=Taylor|first42=R.|last43=Tear|first43=T.|last44=Tizard|first44=R.|last45=Venter|first45=O.|last46=Visconti|first46=P.|last47=Wang|first47=S.|last48=Watson|first48=J. E. M.|title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material|journal=Nature Communications|volume=11|issue=1|year=2020|page=5978|issn=2041-1723|doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3|pmid=33293507|pmc=7723057}}</ref>{{explain|reason=What does it mean? Is it good or bad? Please include a little eplanation|date=December 2020}}
[[Roe deer]] occupy the countryside in growing numbers, and large-antlered [[red deer]] can be found in the sparse woodlands of Jutland. Denmark is also home to smaller mammals, such as [[European polecat|polecats]], [[hare]]s and [[hedgehog]]s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Animals in Denmark|url=http://www.listofcountriesoftheworld.com/da-animals.html|website=listofcountriesoftheworld.com|access-date=31 May 2016|date=2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601121051/http://www.listofcountriesoftheworld.com/da-animals.html|archive-date=1 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Approximately 400 bird species inhabit Denmark and about 160 of those breed in the country.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bird list of Denmark|url=http://www.netfugl.dk/dklist.php|publisher=Netfugl.dk|access-date=26 August 2015|quote=It involves all category A, B and C birds recorded in Denmark (according to SU/BOURC/AERC standard).|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905040347/http://www.netfugl.dk/dklist.php|archive-date=5 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Large marine mammals include healthy populations of [[Harbour porpoise]], growing numbers of [[pinniped]]s and occasional visits of large whales, including [[blue whale]]s and [[orca]]s. [[Cod]], [[herring]] and [[plaice]] are abundant [[Fish as food|culinary fish]] in Danish waters and form the basis for [[Fishing industry in Denmark|a large fishing industry]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Byskov|first1=Søren|title=Theme: Herring, cod and other fish – 1001 Stories of Denmark|url=http://www.kulturarv.dk/1001fortaellinger/en_GB/theme/herring-cod-and-other-fish/article|publisher=The Heritage Agency of Denmark|access-date=31 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234622/http://www.kulturarv.dk/1001fortaellinger/en_GB/theme/herring-cod-and-other-fish/article|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Environment ===
[[File:European Environment Agency, Copenhagen.jpg|thumb|The [[European Environment Agency]] in Copenhagen]]
Denmark stopped issuing new licences for oil and gas extraction in December 2020.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Farand |first1=Chloé |title=Denmark to phase out oil and gas production by 2050 in "watershed" decision |url=https://www.climatechangenews.com/2020/12/04/denmark-phase-oil-gas-production-2050-watershed-decision/ |access-date=29 December 2020 |agency=Climate Home News |date=4 December 2020}}</ref>
Land and water pollution are two of Denmark's most significant [[environmental issue]]s, although much of the country's household and industrial waste is now increasingly filtered and sometimes recycled. The country has historically taken a progressive stance on [[environmental preservation]]; in 1971 Denmark established a [[Ministry of Environment (Denmark)|Ministry of Environment]] and was the first country in the world to implement an [[environmental law]] in 1973.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=NHxwtVy9MKMC&pg=PA323 The law of environmental damage: liability and reparation]. Marie-Louise Larsson.</ref> To mitigate environmental degradation and [[global warming]] the Danish Government has signed the [[Kyoto Protocol|Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol]].<ref name="factbook">{{cite web|date=19 January 2012|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/denmark/|title=Denmark|work=The World Factbook|publisher=CIA|access-date=4 February 2012}}</ref> However, the national [[ecological footprint]] is 8.26 global hectares per person, which is very high compared to a world average of 1.7 in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ecological Footprint Atlas 2010|url=http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/ecological_footprint_atlas_2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709225943/http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/ecological_footprint_atlas_2010/|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 July 2011|publisher=Global Footprint Network|access-date=26 August 2015|date=2010}}</ref> Contributing factors to this value are an exceptional high value for cropland but also a relatively high value for grazing land,<ref>WWF (2014): Living Planet Report.</ref> which may be explained by the substantially high meat production in Denmark ({{convert|115.8|kg}} meat annually per capita) and the large economic role of the meat and dairy industries.<ref>AMI (2012); preliminary data for 2011</ref> In December 2014, the [[Climate Change Performance Index]] for 2015 placed Denmark at the top of the table, explaining that although emissions are still quite high, the country was able to implement effective climate protection policies.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://germanwatch.org/en/download/10407.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209222711/http://germanwatch.org/en/download/10407.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 December 2014|title=The Climate Change Performance Index: Results 2015|first1=Jan|last1=Burck|first2=Franziska|last2=Marten|first3=Christoph|last3=Bals|publisher=Germanwatch|access-date=9 December 2014}}</ref> In 2020, Denmark was placed first in the index again.<ref>{{cite web |title=2020 EPI Results |url=https://epi.yale.edu/epi-results/2020/component/epi |website=Environmental Performance Index |access-date=20 November 2020}}</ref> In 2021 Denmark with Costa Rica launched the "Beyond Oil and Gas alliance" for stopping use fossil fuels.<ref>{{cite news |title=Climate change: Whisper it cautiously... there's been progress in run up to COP26 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-58678937 |access-date=10 October 2021 |agency=BBC |date=25 September 2021}}</ref>
Denmark's territories, Greenland and the [[Whaling in the Faroe Islands|Faroe Islands]], catch approximately 650 whales per year.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ethicsandinternationalaffairs.org/2012/almost-saving-whales-the-ambiguity-of-success-at-the-international-whaling-commission-full-text/|title=Almost Saving Whales: The Ambiguity of Success at the International Whaling Commission [Full Text] – Ethics & International Affairs|date=29 March 2012|work=Ethics & International Affairs|access-date=27 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227180348/https://www.ethicsandinternationalaffairs.org/2012/almost-saving-whales-the-ambiguity-of-success-at-the-international-whaling-commission-full-text/|archive-date=27 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/faroe-islands-slaughter-pilot-whales-sea-blood-red-north-atlantic-iceland-denmark-ritual-tradition-a7798436.html|title=Hundreds of whales slaughtered in Faroe Island's annual killing|date=20 June 2017|work=The Independent|access-date=27 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228000456/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/faroe-islands-slaughter-pilot-whales-sea-blood-red-north-atlantic-iceland-denmark-ritual-tradition-a7798436.html|archive-date=28 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Greenland's quotas for the catch of whales are determined according to the advice of the [[International Whaling Commission]] (IWC), having quota decision-making powers.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://naalakkersuisut.gl/en/Naalakkersuisut/News/2013/01/Whales|title=Greenland quotas for big whales|date=5 January 2013|work=Government of Greenland|access-date=4 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105062411/https://naalakkersuisut.gl/en/Naalakkersuisut/News/2013/01/Whales|archive-date=5 November 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Government and politics ==
{{Main|Politics of Denmark}}
{{Hatnote|Also related: [[Politics of the Faroe Islands]] and [[Politics of Greenland]]}}
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Politics in Denmark operate under a framework laid out in the [[Constitution of Denmark]].{{#tag:ref|Denmark has a [[codified constitution]]. Changes to it require an absolute majority in two consecutive parliamentary terms and the approval of at least 40% of the electorate through a referendum.<ref>{{cite web |author=Tschentscher, Axel |url=http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html |title=The Constitution of Denmark – Section 88 |publisher=Servat.unibe.ch |access-date=12 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710092702/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html |archive-date=10 July 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>|group="N"}} First written in 1849, it establishes a sovereign state in the form of a [[constitutional monarchy]], with a representative [[parliamentary system]]. The monarch officially retains [[Executive (government)|executive power]] and presides over the [[Danish Council of State|Council of State]] ([[privy council]]).<ref>"The executive power is vested in the King." [http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html The Constitution of Denmark – Section 3.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710092702/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html |date=10 July 2011 }}</ref><ref>"The body of Ministers shall form the Council of State, in which the Successor to the Throne shall have a seat when he is of age. The Council of State shall be presided over by the King{{nbsp}}..." [http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html The Constitution of Denmark – Section 17.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710092702/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html |date=10 July 2011 }}</ref> In practice, the duties of the monarch are strictly representative and [[ceremonial]],<ref group="N">The Constitution refers to "the King" ({{lang-da|kongen}}), rather than the gender-neutral term "monarch". In light of the restriction of powers of the monarchy, this is best interpreted as referring to the government Cabinet.</ref><ref>[http://kongehuset.dk/english/the-monarchy-in-denmark/the-monarchy-today The Monarchy today] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215082552/http://kongehuset.dk/english/the-monarchy-in-denmark/the-monarchy-today |date=15 February 2015 }} – ''The Danish Monarchy'' (kongehuset.dk). Access date: 16 June 2012</ref> such as the formal appointment and dismissal of the [[Prime Minister of Denmark|Prime Minister]] and other Government ministers. The Monarch is not answerable for his or her actions, and their [[legal personality|person]] is [[sacrosanct]].<ref>"The King shall not be answerable for his actions; his person shall be sacrosanct." [http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html The Constitution of Denmark – Section 13.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710092702/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html |date=10 July 2011 }}</ref> [[Hereditary monarchy|Hereditary monarch]] [[Margrethe II of Denmark|Queen Margrethe II]] has been head of state since 14 January 1972.
=== Government ===
{{Main|Folketing|Cabinet of Denmark}}
{{See also|Løgting|Cabinet of the Faroe Islands}}
{{Hatnote|Also related: [[Inatsisartut]] and [[Cabinet of Greenland]]}}
[[File:Denmark disposable income.webp|thumb|300px|Denmark disposable income after tax<br> Not including [[Value-added tax]] or [[Property tax]]]]
The Danish parliament is [[unicameral]] and called the Folketing ({{lang-da|Folketinget}}). It is the [[legislature]] of the Kingdom of Denmark, passing [[Act of Parliament|acts]] that apply in Denmark and, variably, Greenland and the Faroe Islands. The Folketing is also responsible for adopting the [[government budget|state's budgets]], approving the state's accounts, appointing and exercising control of the Government, and taking part in international co-operation. [[Bill (proposed law)|Bills]] may be initiated by the Government or by [[Member of parliament|members of parliament]]. All bills passed must be presented before the Council of State to receive [[Royal Assent]] within thirty days in order to become law.<ref>"A Bill passed by the Parliament shall become law if it receives the Royal Assent not later than thirty days after it was finally passed." [http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html The Constitution of Denmark – Section 22.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710092702/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html |date=10 July 2011 }}</ref>
[[File:Christiansborg (Matthias Schalk).jpg|thumb|left|[[Christiansborg Palace]] houses the Folketing, the [[Supreme Court of Denmark|Supreme Court]], and government offices.]]
Denmark is a [[representative democracy]] with [[universal suffrage]].{{#tag:ref|The [[Economist Intelligence Unit]], while acknowledging that democracy is difficult to measure, listed Denmark 5th on its [[Democracy Index|index of democracy]].<ref name="Democracy_Index">{{cite web|title=Democracy Index 2014|url=http://www.sudestada.com.uy/Content/Articles/421a313a-d58f-462e-9b24-2504a37f6b56/Democracy-index-2014.pdf|publisher=The Economist/Economist Intelligence Unit|access-date=23 August 2015|date=2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201164818/http://www.sudestada.com.uy/Content/Articles/421a313a-d58f-462e-9b24-2504a37f6b56/Democracy-index-2014.pdf|archive-date=1 February 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>|group="N"}} Membership of the Folketing is based on [[proportional representation]] of political parties,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html|title=ICL – Denmark – Constitution – Section 31. Elections|work=unibe.ch|access-date=12 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710092702/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html|archive-date=10 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> with a 2% electoral threshold. Denmark elects 175 members to the Folketing, with Greenland and the Faroe Islands electing an additional two members each—179 members in total.<ref>{{harvnb|Jørgensen|1995|p=16.}}</ref> Parliamentary elections are held at least every four years, but it is within the powers of the prime minister to ask the monarch to call for an election before the term has elapsed. On a [[Motion of no confidence|vote of no confidence]], the Folketing may force a single minister or an entire government to resign.<ref>"A Minister shall not remain in office after the Parliament has passed a vote of no confidence in him." [http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html The Constitution of Denmark – Section 15.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710092702/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html |date=10 July 2011 }}</ref>
The Government of Denmark operates as a [[Cabinet (government)|cabinet government]], where executive authority is exercised—formally, on behalf of the monarch—by the prime minister and other [[cabinet minister]]s, who head [[List of Danish government ministries|ministries]]. As the executive branch, the Cabinet is responsible for proposing bills and a budget, executing the laws, and guiding the foreign and internal policies of Denmark. The position of prime minister belongs to the person most likely to command the [[confidence and supply|confidence]] of a majority in the Folketing; this is often the current leader of the largest [[political party]] or, more effectively, through a [[political alliance|coalition of parties]]. A single party generally does not have sufficient political power in terms of the number of seats to form a cabinet on its own; Denmark has often been ruled by [[coalition governments]], themselves usually [[minority government]]s dependent on non-government parties.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.b.dk/din-mening/radikale-ved-historisk-skillevej|title=Radikale ved historisk skillevej|work=[[Berlingske Tidende]]|date=17 June 2007|access-date=17 August 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811132101/http://www.b.dk/din-mening/radikale-ved-historisk-skillevej|archive-date=11 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Following a [[2015 Danish general election|general election defeat]], in June 2015 [[Helle Thorning-Schmidt]], leader of the [[Social Democrats (Denmark)|Social Democrats]] (''{{lang|da|Socialdemokraterne}}''), resigned as prime minister.<ref>{{cite news |title=Danish election: Opposition bloc wins |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-33171549 |work=BBC News |date=19 June 2015}}</ref> She was succeeded by [[Lars Løkke Rasmussen]], the leader of the [[Venstre (Denmark)|Liberal Party]] (''{{lang|da|Venstre}}''). Rasmussen became the leader of [[Lars Løkke Rasmussen II Cabinet|a cabinet]] that, unusually, consisted entirely of ministers from his own party.<ref>{{cite news |title=Denmark's New Centre-Right Government Takes Power |url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/denmarks-new-centre-right-government-takes-power-776116 |work=NDTV.com}}</ref> In November 2016, [[Liberal Alliance (Denmark)|Liberal Alliance]] and the [[The Conservative People's Party (Denmark)|Conservatives]] joined the government.<ref>{{cite news |title=Danish PM invites support parties into government |url=https://www.thelocal.dk/20161121/danish-pm-invites-support-parties-into-government/ |work=The Local Denmark |date=21 November 2016}}</ref> Liberal Prime Minister, Lars Løkke Rasmussen held the office between 2009 and 2011, and again between 2015 and 2019, with backing from the [[Danish People's Party]] (DF). Following the [[2019 Danish general election|2019 general election]] the Social Democrats, led by leader [[Mette Frederiksen]], formed a single-party government with support from the left-wing coalition.<ref>{{cite news |title=Denmark's new leader joins Nordic swing to left |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-48784508 |work=BBC News |access-date=27 June 2019 |date=27 June 2019}}</ref> Frederiksen became prime minister on 27 June 2019.<ref>{{cite news |title=Frederiksen prepares to take over as new Danish prime minister |url=https://www.thelocal.dk/20190627/frederiksen-prepares-to-take-over-as-new-danish-prime-minister/ |work=The Local Denmark |date=27 June 2019}}</ref>
=== Law and judicial system ===
{{Main|Law of Denmark|Courts of Denmark}}
{{See also|Crime in Denmark}}
{{Hatnote|Also related: [[Judiciary of Greenland]]}}
[[File:Supreme Court of Denmark (1697).jpg|thumb|King [[Christian V of Denmark|Christian V]] presiding over the Supreme Court in 1697.]]
Denmark has a [[Civil law (legal system)|civil law]] system with some references to [[Germanic law]]. Denmark resembles Norway and Sweden in never having developed a [[case-law]] like that of [[English law|England]] and the United States nor comprehensive [[Code (law)|codes]] like those of France and Germany. Much of its law is [[Custom (law)|customary]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Orfield|first1=Lester Bernhardt Orfield|title=The Growth of Scandinavian Law|date=2002|publisher=Lawbook Exchange|location=Union, N.J.|isbn=978-1-58477-180-7|page=14}}</ref>
The judicial system of Denmark is divided between courts with regular civil and [[criminal law|criminal]] jurisdiction and administrative courts with jurisdiction over litigation between individuals and the public administration. Articles sixty-two and sixty-four of the Constitution ensure [[judicial independence]] from government and Parliament by providing that judges shall only be guided by the law, including acts, statutes and practice.<ref>"The administration of justice shall always remain independent of the executive power. Rules to this effect shall be laid down by Statute ..." [http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html The Constitution of Denmark – Sections/Articles 62 and 64.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710092702/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html |date=10 July 2011 }}</ref> The Kingdom of Denmark does not have a single unified judicial system – Denmark has one system, Greenland another, and the Faroe Islands a third.<ref>{{harvnb|Gammelgaard|Sørensen|1998|p=18.}}</ref> However, decisions by the highest courts in Greenland and the Faroe Islands may be appealed to the Danish High Courts. The [[Supreme Court of Denmark|Danish Supreme Court]] is the highest civil and criminal court responsible for the administration of justice in the Kingdom.
=== Danish Realm ===
{{Further|Danish Realm}}
[[File:Kunoy.10.jpg|thumb|300px|The village of [[Kunoy (village)|Kunoy]] on [[Kunoy]] island, in the [[Faroe Islands]]. [[Kalsoy]] island is at right.]]
The Kingdom of Denmark is a [[unitary state]] that comprises, in addition to Denmark proper, two [[autonomous administrative division|autonomous territories]]<ref name="territory" /> in the [[North Atlantic Ocean]]: [[Greenland]] and the [[Faroe Islands]]. They have been integrated parts of the Danish Realm since the 18th century; however, due to their separate historical and cultural identities, these parts of the Realm have extensive political powers and have assumed [[legislative]] and administrative responsibility in a substantial number of fields.<ref>[http://www.gfbv.it/3dossier/eu-min/autonomy.html The working autonomies in Europe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309063149/http://www.gfbv.it/3dossier/eu-min/autonomy.html |date=9 March 2008 }} – Gesellschaft für bedrohte Völker (GFBV). Retrieved 13 March 2012.</ref> [[Home rule]] was granted to the Faroe Islands in 1948 and to Greenland in 1979, each having previously had the status of [[counties of Denmark|counties]].<ref name=stm>[http://www.stm.dk/_p_10988.html The unity of the Realm] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120161948/http://www.stm.dk/_p_10988.html |date=20 January 2013 }} – Statsministeriet – stm.dk. Retrieved 13 March 2012.</ref>
Greenland and the Faroe Islands have their own home governments and parliaments and are effectively [[self-governing]] in regards to domestic affairs apart from the judicial system and monetary policy.<ref name=stm /> [[High Commissioner]]s (''{{lang|da|Rigsombudsmand}}'') act as representatives of the Danish government in the Faroese [[Løgting]] and in the [[Parliament of Greenland|Greenlandic Parliament]], but they cannot vote.<ref name=stm /> The Faroese home government is defined to be an equal partner with the Danish national government,<ref>{{cite web|title=Act on the Faroese authorities acquisition of affairs and fields|url=https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=20991|website=retsinformation.dk|access-date=11 June 2014|language=da|trans-title=Lov om de færøske myndigheders overtagelse af sager og sagsområder|date=24 June 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120224148/https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=20991|archive-date=20 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> while the [[Greenlandic Inuit|Greenlandic people]] are defined as a separate people with the right to [[self-determination]].<ref>[https://www.retsinformation.dk:443/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=125052 ''Lov om Grønlands Selvstyre''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106211314/https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=125052 |date=6 November 2018 }} {{in lang|da}}. Retsinformation.dk. "I erkendelse af, at det grønlandske folk er et folk i henhold til folkeretten med ret til selvbestemmelse, bygger loven på et ønske om at fremme ligeværdighed og gensidig respekt i partnerskabet mellem Danmark og Grønland."</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country
! [[List of countries by population|Population]] {{small|(2020)}}
! Total area
! [[Capital city|Capital]]
! [[List of legislatures|Local parliament]]
! Premier
|-
| {{flag|Greenland}} {{small|(''{{lang|kl|Kalaallit Nunaat}}'')}}
| 56,081<ref name="Greenland pop">{{cite web|title=2020 Population|url=http://citypopulation.de/en/greenland/|access-date=1 April 2020}}</ref>
| {{convert|2,166,086|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|sigfig=6}}
| {{coat of arms|Nuuk}}
| ''[[Inatsisartut]]''
| [[Múte Bourup Egede]]
|-
| {{flag|Faroe Islands}} {{small|(''{{lang|fo|Føroyar}}'')}}
| 52,110<ref name="Faroer pop">{{cite web|title=Faroe Islands Population|url=http://citypopulation.de/en/faroe/cities/|publisher=Hagstova Føroya|access-date=1 April 2020}}</ref>
|{{convert|1,399|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|sigfig=5}}
| {{coat of arms|Tórshavn}}
| ''[[Løgting]]''
| [[Bárður á Steig Nielsen]]
|}
=== Administrative divisions ===
{{Main|Regions of Denmark|Municipalities of Denmark}}
{{Hatnote|Also related: [[Municipalities of the Faroe Islands]] and [[Municipalities of Greenland]]}}
<!--This section only details divisions with an administrate purpose-->
{{Danish regions|float=right}}
Denmark, with a total area of {{convert|43,094|km2|sqmi|lk=in|sigfig=5}}, is divided into five administrative regions ({{lang-da|regioner}}). The regions are further subdivided into [[List of municipalities of Denmark|98 municipalities]] (''{{lang|da|kommuner}}''). The easternmost land in Denmark, the [[Ertholmene]] archipelago, with an area of 39 hectares (0.16 sq mi), is neither part of a municipality nor a region but belongs to the [[Ministry of Defence (Denmark)|Ministry of Defence]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Jonas |last=Michael Kjær |title=Christiansø betaler ikke sundhedsbidrag |date=15 November 2006 |url=http://www.dr.dk/Regioner/Bornholm/Nyheder/Christiansoe/2006/11/15160130.htm |work=dr.dk |access-date=12 August 2007 |language=da |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011075640/http://dr.dk/Regioner/Bornholm/Nyheder/Christiansoe/2006/11/15160130.htm |archive-date=11 October 2007 }}</ref> The [[provinces of Denmark]] are statistical divisions of Denmark, positioned between the [[Regions of Denmark|administrative regions]] and [[municipalities of Denmark|municipalities]]. They are not administrative divisions, nor subject for any kind of political elections, but are mainly for statistical use.
The regions were created on 1 January 2007 to replace the 16 [[Counties of Denmark|former counties]]. At the same time, smaller municipalities were merged into larger units, reducing the number from 270. Most municipalities have a population of at least 20,000 to give them financial and professional sustainability, although a few exceptions were made to this rule.<ref>[http://www.citypopulation.de/Denmark.html Denmark: Regions, Municipalities, Cities & Major Urban Areas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120408144050/http://www.citypopulation.de/Denmark.html |date=8 April 2012 }} – Statistics and Maps on ''City Population''.</ref> The administrative divisions are led by directly elected councils, elected proportionally every four years; the most recent [[2021 Danish local elections|Danish local elections]] were held on 16 November 2021. Other regional structures use the municipal boundaries as a layout, including the [[Police of Denmark|police districts]], the [[courts of Denmark|court districts]] and the [[Ward (country subdivision)|electoral wards]].
==== Regions ====
The governing bodies of the regions are the [[local government|regional councils]], each with forty-one councillors elected for four-year terms. The councils are headed by regional district chairmen (''{{lang|da|regionsrådsformand}}''), who are elected by the council.<ref name="brief">{{cite book|title=The Danish Regions – in Brief|date=2007|publisher=Danske Regioner|location=Copenhagen|isbn=978-87-7723-471-2|edition=3rd revised}}</ref>
The areas of responsibility for the regional councils are the [[health care in Denmark|national health service]], [[social services]] and [[regional development]].<ref name="brief" /><ref name=regioner>{{cite web|title=Regional Tasks in Denmark|url=http://www.regioner.dk/in+english/regional+denmark/regional+tasks|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140510023358/http://www.regioner.dk/in+english/regional+denmark/regional+tasks|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 May 2014|publisher=Danske Regioner|access-date=23 August 2015}}</ref> Unlike the counties they replaced, the regions are not allowed to levy taxes and the health service is partly financed by a national health care contribution until 2018 (''{{lang|da|sundhedsbidrag}}''), partly by funds from both government and municipalities.<ref name=taxation1>{{cite web|title=The Danish Tax System|url=http://ias.au.dk/taxation/the-danish-tax-system/|publisher=[[Aarhus University]]|access-date=23 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821030836/http://ias.au.dk/taxation/the-danish-tax-system/|archive-date=21 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> From 1 January 2019 this contribution will be abolished, as it is being replaced by higher income tax instead.
The [[area]] and populations of the regions vary widely; for example, the [[Capital Region of Denmark|Capital Region]], which encompasses the [[Copenhagen metropolitan area]] with the exception of the subtracted province East Zealand but includes the [[Baltic Sea]] island of [[Bornholm]], has a population three times larger than that of [[North Denmark Region]], which covers the more sparsely populated area of northern Jutland. Under the county system certain densely populated municipalities, such as [[Copenhagen Municipality]] and [[Frederiksberg Municipality|Frederiksberg]], had been given a status equivalent to that of counties, making them first-level administrative divisions. These ''[[sui generis]]'' municipalities were incorporated into the new regions under the 2007 reforms.
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! [[Danish language|Danish]] name !! English name !! [[Administrative centre|Admin. centre]] !! Largest city <br /><small>(populous)</small>|| Population<br /><small>(April 2021)</small> !! Total area<br /><small>(km<sup>2</sup>)</small>
|-
|| Hovedstaden || [[Capital Region of Denmark]] || [[Hillerød]] || [[Copenhagen]] || style="text-align:right;"| 1,856,061 || style="text-align:right;"| 2,568.29
|-
|| Midtjylland || [[Central Denmark Region]] || [[Viborg, Denmark|Viborg]] || [[Aarhus]] || style="text-align:right;"| 1,333,245 || style="text-align:right;"| 13,095.80
|-
|| Nordjylland || [[North Denmark Region]] || [[Aalborg]] || [[Aalborg]] || style="text-align:right;"| 590,322 || style="text-align:right;"| 7,907.09
|-
|| Sjælland || [[Region Zealand]] || [[Sorø]] || [[Roskilde]] || style="text-align:right;"| 839,619 || style="text-align:right;"| 7,268.75
|-
|| Syddanmark || [[Region of Southern Denmark]] || [[Vejle]] || [[Odense]] || style="text-align:right;"| 1,224,100 || style="text-align:right;"| 12,132.21
|-
| colspan=6 |'''Source:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20180208230627/http://www.noegletal.dk/ Regional and municipal key figures]
|}
=== Foreign relations ===
{{Main|Foreign relations of Denmark}}
{{Hatnote|Also related: [[Foreign relations of the Faroe Islands]] and [[Foreign relations of Greenland]]}}
[[File:20211103 Nordiska Radets session Kopenhamn 808A9452 (51654525096).jpg|thumb|Danish prime minister [[Mette Frederiksen]] (second from left) with foreign counterparts at the [[Nordic Council]] in Copenhagen, 2021]]
Denmark wields considerable influence in Northern Europe and is a [[middle power]] in international affairs.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Behringer|first1=Ronald M.|title=Middle Power Leadership on the Human Security Agenda|journal=Cooperation and Conflict|volume=40|issue=3|pages=305–342|url=http://cac.sagepub.com/content/40/3/305.abstract|access-date=1 May 2016|date=September 2005|doi=10.1177/0010836705055068|s2cid=144129970|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106114255/http://cac.sagepub.com/content/40/3/305.abstract|archive-date=6 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> In recent years, Greenland and the Faroe Islands have been guaranteed a say in foreign policy issues such as fishing, [[whaling]], and geopolitical concerns. The foreign policy of Denmark is substantially influenced by [[Denmark and the European Union|its membership]] of the [[European Union]] (EU); Denmark including Greenland joined the [[European Economic Community]] (EEC), the EU's predecessor, in 1973.<ref group="N">The Faroese declined membership in 1973; Greenland [[withdrawal from the European Union|chose to leave]] the EEC in 1985, following [[1982 Greenlandic European Economic Community membership referendum|a referendum]].</ref> Denmark held the [[Presidency of the Council of the European Union]] on seven occasions, most recently from January to June 2012.<ref>{{cite web|title=Danish Presidency of the European Union 2012|url=http://eu2012.dk/en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120103093056/http://eu2012.dk/en|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 January 2012|publisher=European Union|access-date=25 May 2014}}</ref> Following [[World War II]], Denmark ended its two-hundred-year-long policy of [[Country neutrality (international relations)|neutrality]]. It has been a founding member of the [[NATO|North Atlantic Treaty Organization]] (NATO) since 1949, and membership remains highly popular.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3167.htm|title= US Department of State: Denmark|author= Government of the United States|access-date= 25 May 2014|df= dmy-all}}</ref>
As a member of [[Development Assistance Committee]] (DAC), Denmark has for a long time been among the countries of the world contributing the largest percentage of gross national income to [[development aid]]. In 2015, Denmark contributed 0.85% of its [[gross national income]] (GNI) to [[development aid|foreign aid]] and was one of only six countries meeting the longstanding UN target of 0.7% of GNI.<ref group="N">As measured in [[official development assistance]] (ODA). Denmark, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom
exceeded the United Nations' ODA target of 0.7% of GNI.</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=2015 Preliminary ODA Figures|url=http://www.oecd.org/dac/stats/ODA-2015-detailed-summary.pdf|publisher=OECD|access-date=1 May 2016|location=Paris|date=13 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508134014/http://www.oecd.org/dac/stats/ODA-2015-detailed-summary.pdf|archive-date=8 May 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The country participates in both bilateral and multilateral aid, with the aid usually administered by the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]]. The organisational name of [[Danish International Development Agency]] (DANIDA) is often used, in particular when operating bilateral aid.
=== Military ===
{{See also|Danish Defence|Military history of Denmark}}
[[File:Danish Military Police.JPG|thumb|left|Danish MP-soldiers conducting advanced law enforcement training]]
Denmark's [[armed forces]] are known as the [[Danish Defence]] ({{lang-da|Forsvaret}}). The Minister of Defence is [[commander-in-chief]] of the Danish Defence, and serves as chief [[diplomacy|diplomatic]] official abroad. During peacetime, the [[Ministry of Defence (Denmark)|Ministry of Defence]] employs around 33,000 in total. The main military branches employ almost 27,000: 15,460 in the [[Royal Danish Army]], 5,300 in the [[Royal Danish Navy]] and 6,050 in the [[Royal Danish Air Force]] (all including conscripts).{{citation needed|date=January 2021}} The [[Danish Emergency Management Agency]] employs 2,000 (including conscripts), and about 4,000 are in non-branch-specific services like the [[Defence Command (Denmark)|Danish Defence Command]] and the [[Danish Defence Intelligence Service]]. Furthermore, around 55,000 serve as volunteers in the [[Home Guard (Denmark)|Danish Home Guard]].
Denmark is a long-time supporter of international [[peacekeeping]], but since the [[NATO bombing of Yugoslavia]] in 1999 and the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|War in Afghanistan]] in 2001, Denmark has also found a new role as a warring nation, participating actively in several wars and invasions. This relatively new situation has stirred some internal critique, but the Danish population has generally been very supportive, in particular of the War in Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://riko.nu/gunnar-olesen-danmark-som-krigsnation-en-parentes-der-bor-lukkes/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215191400/http://riko.nu/gunnar-olesen-danmark-som-krigsnation-en-parentes-der-bor-lukkes/|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 February 2016|title=Denmark as a warring nation: A bracket that should be closed |first=Gunnar |last=Olesen |publisher=The council for international conflict resolution (RIKO) |date=7 September 2011 |language=da|access-date=1 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.information.dk/236879 |title=Danmark er en krisnation |first=Lasse |last=Lavrsen |publisher=Information |date=19 June 2010 |language=da |access-date=1 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160225044756/http://www.information.dk/236879 |archive-date=25 February 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Danish Defence has around 1,400<ref>{{cite web|url=http://forsvaret.dk/FMN/Verdenskort/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071227125607/http://forsvaret.dk/FMN/Verdenskort/ |archive-date=27 December 2007 |title=Forsvarsministerens Verdenskort |publisher=Ministry of Defense of Denmark |date=27 December 2007 |access-date=20 August 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> staff in international missions, not including standing contributions to [[Standing NRF Mine Countermeasures Group 1|NATO SNMCMG1]]. Danish forces were heavily engaged in the former Yugoslavia in the UN Protection Force ([[UNPROFOR]]), with [[IFOR]],<ref>{{cite book |title=Bosnia: What Every American Should Know |url=https://archive.org/details/bosniawhateverya00clar |url-access=registration |last=Clark |first=A.L.|year=1996 |publisher=Berkley Books |location=New York}}</ref> and now [[SFOR]].<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/Bosnia-Herzegovina/Bosnia-Herzegovina.htm |title=Bosnia-Hertsegovinia: The U.S. Army's Role in Peace Enforcement Operations 1995–2004 |publisher=[[United States Army Center of Military History]] |id=CMH Pub 70-97-1 |first=R. Cody |last=Phillips |location=Washington, D.C. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209001303/http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/Bosnia-Herzegovina/Bosnia-Herzegovina.htm |archive-date=9 December 2013 }}</ref> Between 2003 and 2007, there were approximately 450 Danish soldiers in [[Iraq]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2007/02/200852514261678446.html |title=Denmark follows UK Iraq pullout |publisher=Al Jazeera English |date=21 February 2007 |access-date=20 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121211081916/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2007/02/200852514261678446.html |archive-date=11 December 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> Denmark also strongly supported [[Operation Enduring Freedom|American operations]] in [[Afghanistan]] and has contributed both monetarily and materially to the [[International Security Assistance Force|ISAF]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dr.dk/Nyheder/Indland/2009/02/15/165853.htm |title=Danmarks Radio – Danmark mister flest soldater i Afghanistan |publisher=Dr.dk |date=15 February 2009 |access-date=5 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219224336/http://dr.dk/Nyheder/Indland/2009/02/15/165853.htm |archive-date=19 February 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> These initiatives are often described by the authorities as part of a new "active foreign policy" of Denmark.
== Economy ==
{{further|Economy of Denmark|List of companies of Denmark|List of largest Danish companies}}
{{Hatnote|Also related: [[Economy of the Faroe Islands]] and [[Economy of Greenland]]}}
[[File:Denmark Product Exports (2019).svg|upright=1.3|thumb|right|A proportional representation of Denmark exports, 2019]]
[[File:Lego Color Bricks.jpg|thumb|right|[[Lego]] bricks are produced by [[The Lego Group]], headquartered in [[Billund, Denmark|Billund]].]]
Denmark has a [[developed economy|developed]] [[mixed economy]] that is classed as a [[World Bank high-income economy|high-income economy]] by the [[World Bank]].<ref>[http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-and-lending-groups#High_income Country and Lending Groups.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702131322/http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-and-lending-groups#High_income |date=2 July 2014 }} World Bank. Accessed on 14 March 2016.</ref> In 2017, it ranked 16th in the world in terms of [[List of countries by GNI (PPP) per capita|gross national income (PPP) per capita]] and 10th in [[List of countries by GNI (nominal, Atlas method) per capita|nominal GNI per capita]].<ref name=wb>{{Cite web |url=http://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/GNIPC.pdf |title=Gross national income per capita 2017, Atlas method and PPP. World Development Indicators database, World Bank, 21 September 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2018. |access-date=6 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912071238/http://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/GNIpc.pdf |archive-date=12 September 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> Denmark's economy stands out as one of the most free in the [[Index of Economic Freedom]] and the [[Economic Freedom of the World]].<ref>[http://www.heritage.org/index/Ranking "Country Ratings"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916153902/http://www.heritage.org/index/ranking |date=16 September 2017 }}, 2012 Index of Economic Freedom. Retrieved 12 January 2012.</ref><ref name="2011-09-20_fraserinstitute">{{cite web | url = http://www.freetheworld.com/2011/reports/world/EFW2011_complete.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110926213117/http://www.freetheworld.com/2011/reports/world/EFW2011_complete.pdf | url-status=dead | archive-date = 26 September 2011 | title = Economic Freedom of the World: 2011 Annual Report Complete Publication (2.7 MB) | website = [[freetheworld.com]] | publisher = [[Fraser Institute]] | year = 2011 | access-date =20 September 2011 }}</ref> It is the 10th most competitive economy in the world, and 6th in Europe, according to the [[World Economic Forum]] in its ''Global Competitiveness Report 2018''.<ref name="wefcomp">{{cite web |url=http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/competitiveness-rankings/ |title=Global Competitiveness Report 2018 |publisher=World Economic Forum |access-date=6 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181208123549/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/competitiveness-rankings/ |archive-date=8 December 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Denmark has the fourth highest ratio of [[tertiary education|tertiary degree]] holders in the world.<ref>[http://www.uis.unesco.org/Library/Documents/ged09-en.pdf UNESCO 2009 Global Education Digest] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111128145810/http://www.uis.unesco.org/Library/Documents/ged09-en.pdf |date=28 November 2011 }}, Shared fourth with Finland at a 30.3% ratio. Graph on p28, table on p194.</ref> The country ranks highest in the world for [[labor rights|workers' rights]].<ref>Kevin Short (28 May 2014). [https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/05/28/worst-countries-workers_n_5389679.html The Worst Places On The Planet To Be A Worker] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528214143/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/05/28/worst-countries-workers_n_5389679.html |date=28 May 2014 }}. ''[[The Huffington Post]].'' Retrieved 28 May 2014.</ref> GDP per hour worked was the 13th highest in 2009. The country has a market income inequality close to the [[OECD]] average,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oecd.org/eco/public-finance/TacklingincomeinequalityTheroleoftaxesandtransfers.pdf |title=Tackling income inequality. The role of taxes and transfers. |first1=Isabelle|last1=Joumard|first2=Mauro|last2=Pisu|first3=Debbie|last3=Bloch |publisher=OECD |date=2012 |access-date=10 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228060612/http://www.oecd.org/eco/public-finance/TacklingincomeinequalityTheroleoftaxesandtransfers.pdf |archive-date=28 December 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbs.dk/files/cbs.dk/new_papers_4.pdf |title=Sources and impact of rising inequality in Denmark |first1=Ioana|last1=Neamtu|first2=Niels|last2=Westergaard-Nielsen|date=March 2013 |access-date=10 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211011217/http://www.cbs.dk/files/cbs.dk/new_papers_4.pdf |archive-date=11 February 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> but after taxes and public cash transfers the income inequality is [[List of countries by income equality|considerably lower]]. According to [[Eurostat]], Denmark's [[Gini coefficient]] for disposable income was the 7th-lowest among EU countries in 2017.<ref name=eurostat>{{Cite web |url=http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do |title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey. Eurostat, last data update 20 November 2018, retrieved 6 December 2018. |access-date=6 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006122431/http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do |archive-date=6 October 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
According to the [[International Monetary Fund]], Denmark has [[List of minimum wages by country|the world's highest minimum wage]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2010/02/weodata/index.aspx |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2010 Edition |publisher=IMF |date=6 October 2010 |access-date=5 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110222101150/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2010/02/weodata/index.aspx |archive-date=22 February 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> As Denmark has no minimum wage legislation, the high wage floor has been attributed to the power of [[trade union]]s. For example, as the result of a collective bargaining agreement between the [[Fagligt Fælles Forbund|3F trade union]] and the employers group [[:da:Horesta|Horesta]], workers at [[McDonald's]] and other [[fast food chain]]s make the equivalent of [[United States dollar|US$]]20 an hour, which is more than double what their counterparts earn in the United States, and have access to five weeks' paid vacation, [[parental leave]] and a pension plan.<ref>Liz Alderman and Steven Greenhouse (27 October 2014). [https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/28/business/international/living-wages-served-in-denmark-fast-food-restaurants.html Living Wages, Rarity for U.S. Fast-Food Workers, Served Up in Denmark] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028002802/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/28/business/international/living-wages-served-in-denmark-fast-food-restaurants.html |date=28 October 2014 }}. ''[[The New York Times]].'' Retrieved 28 October 2014.</ref> Union density in 2015 was 68%.<ref>On Sweden and Denmark, see Anders Kjellberg and Christian Lyhne Ibsen [https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/ws/files/21682547/Kjellberg_og_Ibsen_2016_ur_Due_og_Madsen.pdf "Attacks on union organizing: Reversible and irreversible changes to the Ghent-systems in Sweden and Denmark"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309062312/https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/ws/files/21682547/Kjellberg_og_Ibsen_2016_ur_Due_og_Madsen.pdf |date=9 March 2017 }} in Trine Pernille Larsen and Anna Ilsøe (eds.)(2016) ''Den Danske Model set udefra (The Danish Model Inside Out) – komparative perspektiver på dansk arbejdsmarkedsregulering'', Copenhagen: Jurist- og Økonomforbundets Forlag (pp.292)</ref>
Once a predominantly [[agriculture|agricultural]] country on account of its [[arable land|arable]] landscape, since 1945 Denmark has greatly expanded its [[industrial base]] and [[service sector]]. By 2017 services contributed circa 75% of GDP, manufacturing about 15% and agriculture less than 2%.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://statistikbanken.dk/nabp10 |title=StatBank Denmark, Table NABP10: 1-2.1.1 Production and generation of income (10a3-grouping) by transaction, industry and price unit. Retrieved on December 6, 2018. |access-date=6 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117022122/http://statistikbanken.dk/NABP10 |archive-date=17 November 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Major industries include [[wind turbine]]s, [[pharmaceutical industry|pharmaceuticals]], [[medical equipment]], [[machinery]] and transportation equipment, [[food processing]], and [[construction]].<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web|date=3 December 2018|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/denmark/|title=Denmark|work=The World Factbook|publisher=CIA|access-date=18 December 2018}}</ref> Circa 60% of the total export value is due to export of goods, and the remaining 40% is from service exports, mainly sea transport. The country's main export goods are: wind turbines, pharmaceuticals, machinery and instruments, meat and meat products, dairy products, fish, furniture and design.<ref name="factbook2" /> Denmark is a net exporter of food and energy and has for a number of years had a [[balance of payments]] surplus which has transformed the country from a net debitor to a net creditor country. By 1 July 2018, the [[net international investment position]] (or [[net foreign assets]]) of Denmark was equal to 64.6% of GDP.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-datasets/-/TIPSII40 |title=Eurostat: Net international investment position – quarterly data, % of GDP. Last update 24 October 2018, retrieved December 6 2018. |access-date=6 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126221506/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-datasets/-/TIPSII40 |archive-date=26 November 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Svin ved Tarm, Jylland aug 2015 (20871345365).jpg|thumb|Denmark is a major producer and exporter of [[pork]] products.<!--http://www.worldstopexports.com/pork-exports-by-country/ no longer the largest exporter in the EU as of 2019.<ref>[http://www.cecmanitoba.ca/resource/hearings/22/21.pdf ''An Overview of Danish Pork Industry: Integration and Structure''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065103/http://www.cecmanitoba.ca/resource/hearings/22/21.pdf |date=4 March 2016 }} by Karen Hamann – The Institute for Food Studies & Agroindustrial Development. Access date: 23 July 2012.</ref>-->]]
A liberalisation of import tariffs in 1797 marked the end of [[mercantilism]] and further liberalisation in the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century established the Danish liberal tradition in international trade that was only to be broken by the 1930s.<ref>Mathias, Peter and Polard, Sidney (eds.) (1989) ''The Cambridge Economic History of Europe''. Cambridge University Press. p. 22.</ref> Even when other countries, such as Germany and France, raised protection for their agricultural sector because of increased American competition resulting in much lower agricultural prices after 1870, Denmark retained its free trade policies, as the country profited from the cheap imports of cereals (used as feedstuffs for their cattle and pigs) and could increase their exports of butter and meat of which the prices were more stable.<ref>{{cite book|author=Baten, Jörg |title=A History of the Global Economy. From 1500 to the Present.|date=2016|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=23|isbn=978-1-107-50718-0}}</ref> Today, Denmark is part of the [[European Union]]'s [[internal market]], which represents more than 508 million consumers. Several domestic commercial policies are determined by agreements among European Union (EU) members and by EU legislation. Support for [[free trade]] is high among the Danish public; in a 2016 poll 57% responded saw globalisation as an opportunity whereas 18% viewed it as a threat.<ref>{{in lang|da}} [https://finans.dk/finans/okonomi/ECE9155832/danskerne-og-lo-elsker-globalisering/?ctxref=ext Danskerne og LO elsker globalisering. Newspaper article 17 November 2016 on finans.dk. Retrieved 6 December 2018.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206192549/https://finans.dk/finans/okonomi/ECE9155832/danskerne-og-lo-elsker-globalisering/?ctxref=ext |date=6 December 2018 }}</ref> 70% of trade flows are inside the European Union. {{As of|2017}}, Denmark's largest export partners are Germany, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States.<ref name="factbook" />
Denmark's currency, the ''[[Danish krone|krone]]'' (DKK), is [[Fixed exchange rate|pegged]] at approximately 7.46 kroner per euro through the [[European Exchange Rate Mechanism|ERM II]]. Although a [[2000 Danish euro referendum|September 2000 referendum]] rejected adopting the [[euro]],<ref name=denmarkandtheeuro>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalbanken.dk/DNUK/Euro.nsf/side/Denmark_and_the_euro!OpenDocument |title=Denmark and the euro |access-date=3 February 2007 |date=17 November 2006 |publisher=[[Danmarks Nationalbank]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061116210231/http://nationalbanken.dk/DNUK/Euro.nsf/side/Denmark_and_the_euro!OpenDocument |archive-date=16 November 2006 }}</ref> the country follows the policies set forth in the [[Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union]] (EMU) and meets the economic [[Euro convergence criteria|convergence criteria]] needed to adopt the euro. The majority of the political parties in the Folketing support joining the EMU, but since 2010 opinion polls have consistently shown a clear majority against adopting the euro. In May 2018, 29% of respondents from Denmark in a [[Eurobarometer]] opinion poll stated that they were in favour of the EMU and the euro, whereas 65% were against it.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/index.cfm/Survey/getSurveyDetail/instruments/STANDARD/yearFrom/1999/yearTo/2018/surveyKy/2180 |title=Standard Eurobarometer 89, Spring 2018. The key indicators. Publication date June 2018. Retrieved 18 December 2018. |access-date=18 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226232843/http://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/index.cfm/Survey/getSurveyDetail/instruments/STANDARD/yearFrom/1999/yearTo/2018/surveyKy/2180 |archive-date=26 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Ranked by turnover in Denmark, the largest Danish companies are: [[A.P. Møller-Mærsk]] (international shipping), [[Novo Nordisk]] (pharmaceuticals), [[ISS A/S]] (facility services), [[Vestas]] ([[wind turbine]]s), [[Arla Foods]] (dairy), [[DSV (company)|DSV]] (transport), [[Carlsberg Group]] (beer), [[Salling Group]] (retail), [[Ørsted (company)|Ørsted A/S]] (power), [[Danske Bank]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The largest companies by turnover in Denmark|url=http://www.largestcompanies.com/toplists/denmark/largest-companies-by-turnover|website=largestcompanies.com|publisher=Nordic Netproducts AB|access-date=18 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106204016/http://www.largestcompanies.com/toplists/denmark/largest-companies-by-turnover|archive-date=6 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Public policy ===
{{See also|Flexicurity|Taxation in Denmark}}
{{Hatnote|Also related: [[Taxation in the Faroe Islands]] and [[Taxation in Greenland]]}}
Danes enjoy a high standard of living and the Danish economy is characterised by extensive government [[welfare state|welfare provisions]]. Denmark has a [[corporate tax]] rate of 22% and a special time-limited tax regime for expatriates.<ref>[http://www.investindk.com/Establishing-a-business-in-Denmark Business Environment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120221130914/http://www.investindk.com/Establishing-a-business-in-Denmark |date=21 February 2012 }}, Invest in Denmark</ref> The Danish taxation system is broad based, with a 25% [[value-added tax]], in addition to excise taxes, income taxes and other fees. The overall level of taxation (sum of all taxes, as a percentage of GDP) was 46% in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://statistikbanken.dk/sktryk |title=StatBank Denmark, SKTRYK: Tax level by national account groups. Retrieved December 6 2018. |access-date=6 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125073944/http://statistikbanken.dk/sktryk |archive-date=25 November 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The tax structure of Denmark (the relative weight of different taxes) differs from the OECD average, as the Danish tax system in 2015 was characterised by substantially higher revenues from taxes on personal income and a lower proportion of revenues from taxes on corporate income and gains and property taxes than in OECD generally, whereas no revenues at all derive from social security contributions. The proportion deriving from payroll taxes, VAT, and other taxes on goods and services correspond to the OECD average<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.oecd.org/tax/revenue-statistics-denmark.pdf |title=OECD Revenue Statistics 2018 – Denmark. Retrieved 18 December 2018. |access-date=18 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908202458/http://www.oecd.org/tax/revenue-statistics-denmark.pdf |archive-date=8 September 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{As of|2014}}, 6% of the population was reported to live below the [[poverty line]], when adjusted for taxes and transfers. Denmark has the 2nd lowest relative poverty rate in the [[OECD]], below the 11.3% OECD average.<ref name=OECD1>{{cite web|title=Society at a Glance 2014 Highlights: DENMARK OECD Social Indicators|url=http://www.oecd.org/denmark/OECD-SocietyAtaGlance2014-Highlights-Denmark.pdf|publisher=OECD|access-date=23 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924121312/http://www.oecd.org/denmark/OECD-SocietyAtaGlance2014-Highlights-Denmark.pdf|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The share of the population reporting that they feel that they cannot afford to buy sufficient food in Denmark is less than half of the OECD average.<ref name=OECD1 />
=== Labour market ===
Like other Nordic countries, Denmark has adopted the [[Nordic Model]], which combines [[free market]] capitalism with a comprehensive [[welfare state]] and strong [[worker protection]].<ref name="Nordic Model">{{cite web |url=http://www.iea.org.uk/sites/default/files/publications/files/Sweden%20Paper.pdf |title=The surprising ingredients of Swedish success – free markets and social cohesion |date=25 June 2013 |publisher=[[Institute of Economic Affairs]] |access-date=13 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102084545/http://www.iea.org.uk/sites/default/files/publications/files/Sweden%20Paper.pdf |archive-date=2 November 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> As a result of its acclaimed "flexicurity" model, Denmark has the freest [[labour economics|labour market]] in Europe, according to the World Bank. Employers can hire and fire whenever they want (flexibility), and between jobs, [[unemployment]] compensation is relatively high (security). According to OECD, initial as well as long-term net replacement rates for unemployed persons were 65% of previous net income in 2016, against an OECD average of 53%.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.oecd.org/els/benefits-and-wages.htm |title=Tax and Benefit Systems: OECD Indicators. Benefit generosity. Data retrieved 18 December 2018. |access-date=18 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181227040716/http://www.oecd.org/els/benefits-and-wages.htm |archive-date=27 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> Establishing a business can be done in a matter of hours and at very low costs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.investindk.com/Why-Denmark |title=The world's best business environment |publisher=Investindk.com |access-date=5 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701080756/http://www.investindk.com/Why-Denmark |archive-date=1 July 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> No restrictions apply regarding overtime work, which allows companies to operate 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.investindk.com/Why-Denmark/10-good-reasons |title=10 Good Reasons to Invest in Denmark |publisher=Investindk.com |access-date=12 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216124310/http://www.investindk.com/Why-Denmark/10-good-reasons |archive-date=16 February 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> With an employment rate in 2017 of 74.2% for people aged 15–64-years, Denmark ranks 9th highest among the OECD countries, and above the OECD average of 67.8%.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=LFS_SEXAGE_I_R |title=LFS by sex and age – indicators. OECD Statistics, data retrieved 18 December 2018. |access-date=18 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181217130806/https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=LFS_SEXAGE_I_R |archive-date=17 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> The unemployment rate was 5.7% in 2017,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/lfs/data/database |title=Eurostat Employment and Unemployment Database, Table une_rt_a. Unemployment by sex and age – annual average. Last update 31 October 2018. Retrieved 18 December 2018. |access-date=18 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223155807/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/lfs/data/database |archive-date=23 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> which is considered close to or below its structural level.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/2018-european-semester-convergence-programme-denmark_en.pdf |title=The Danish Government: Denmark's Convergence Programme 2018, p. 8. Publication date April 2018, retrieved 18 December 2018. |access-date=18 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226233059/https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/2018-european-semester-convergence-programme-denmark_en.pdf |archive-date=26 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
The level of [[unemployment benefits]] is dependent on former employment and normally on membership of an unemployment fund, which is usually closely connected to a trade union, and previous payment of contributions. Circa 65% of the financing comes from earmarked member contributions, whereas the remaining third originates from the central government and hence ultimately from general taxation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.information.dk/indland/2018/10/ny-undersoegelse-dag-statens-udgifter-dagpenge-tre-gange-mindre-1995|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181227040753/https://www.information.dk/indland/2018/10/ny-undersoegelse-dag-statens-udgifter-dagpenge-tre-gange-mindre-1995|url-status=dead|title=Ny undersøgelse: I dag er statens udgifter til dagpenge tre gange mindre end i 1995 | Information|archivedate=27 December 2018}}</ref>
=== Science and technology ===
{{See also|Internet in Denmark}}
[[File:Denmark Confirms Participation in E-ELT.jpg|thumb|With an investment of 8.5 million euros over the ten-year construction period, Denmark confirms participation in E-ELT.<ref>{{cite news|title=Denmark Confirms Participation in E-ELT|url=http://www.eso.org/public/announcements/ann13033/|access-date=17 April 2013|newspaper=ESO Announmentes|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130416044926/http://www.eso.org/public/announcements/ann13033/|archive-date=16 April 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Denmark has a long tradition of scientific and technological invention and engagement, and has been involved internationally from the very start of the [[scientific revolution]]. In current times, Denmark is participating in many high-profile international science and technology projects, including [[CERN]], [[ITER]], [[ESA]], [[International Space Station|ISS]] and [[E-ELT]]. Denmark was ranked 9th in the [[Global Innovation Index]] in 2021, down from 6th in 2020 and from 7th in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Innovation Index 2021 |url=https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/2021/|work=[[World Intellectual Property Organization]]|publisher=[[United Nations]]|access-date=5 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Release of the Global Innovation Index 2020: Who Will Finance Innovation?|url=https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/2020/index.html|access-date=2 September 2021|work=World Intellectual Property Organization|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Innovation Index 2019|url=https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/2019/index.html|access-date=2 September 2021|work=World Intellectual Property Organization|language=en}}</ref>
In the 20th century, Danes have also been innovative in several fields of the technology sector. Danish companies have been influential in the shipping industry with the design of the largest and most energy efficient container ships in the world, the [[Maersk Triple E class]], and Danish engineers have contributed to the design of [[MAN Diesel]] engines. In the software and electronic field, Denmark contributed to design and manufacturing of [[Nordic Mobile Telephone]]s, and the now-defunct Danish company [[DanCall]] was among the first to develop [[GSM]] mobile phones.
[[Life science]] is a key sector with extensive research and development activities. Danish engineers are world-leading in providing [[diabetes]] care equipment and medication products from Novo Nordisk and, since 2000, the Danish [[biotech]] company [[Novozymes]], the world market leader in enzymes for first generation starch-based [[bioethanol]], has pioneered development of enzymes for converting waste to [[cellulosic ethanol]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.canadianbiomassmagazine.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&Itemid=132&id=3101|title=Novozymes, the world's leading provider of enzymes to the biofuels industry|work=Canadian Biomass Magazine|access-date=7 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010095027/http://www.canadianbiomassmagazine.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&Itemid=132&id=3101|archive-date=10 October 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Medicon Valley]]'', spanning the [[Øresund Region]] between Zealand and Sweden, is one of Europe's largest life science [[business cluster|clusters]], containing a large number of life science companies and research institutions located within a very small geographical area.
Danish-born computer scientists and software engineers have taken leading roles in some of the world's programming languages: [[Anders Hejlsberg]] ([[Turbo Pascal]], [[Delphi (programming language)|Delphi]], [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]]); [[Rasmus Lerdorf]] ([[PHP]]); [[Bjarne Stroustrup]] ([[C++]]); [[David Heinemeier Hansson]] ([[Ruby on Rails]]); [[Lars Bak (computer programmer)|Lars Bak]], a pioneer in virtual machines ([[V8 (JavaScript engine)|V8]], [[Java virtual machine|Java VM]], [[Dart (programming language)|Dart]]). Physicist [[Lene Vestergaard Hau]] is the first person to stop light, leading to advances in [[quantum computing]], [[nanoscale engineering]], and [[linear optics]].
=== Energy ===
{{Main|Energy in Denmark}}
{{See also|Energy in the Faroe Islands|Energy in Greenland}}
[[File:DanishWindTurbines.jpg|thumb|[[Middelgrunden wind farm|Middelgrunden]], an offshore wind farm near Copenhagen]]
Denmark has considerably large deposits of oil and natural gas in the [[North Sea]] and ranks as number 32 in the world among net exporters of [[Petroleum|crude oil]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/country/country_energy_data.cfm?fips=DA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100304094837/http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/country/country_energy_data.cfm?fips=DA |archive-date=4 March 2010 |title=EIA – International Energy Data and Analysis for Denmark |publisher=Tonto.eia.doe.gov |date=15 May 2009 |access-date=29 May 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and was producing 259,980 barrels of crude oil a day in 2009.<ref>[http://www.indexmundi.com/energy.aspx?country=dk Denmark Crude Oil Production and Consumption by Year (Thousand Barrels per Day)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111204011430/http://www.indexmundi.com/energy.aspx?country=dk |date=4 December 2011 }} – indexmundi.</ref> Denmark is a long-time leader in [[wind power]]: In 2015 [[wind turbine]]s provided 42.1% of the total electricity consumption.<ref>[http://cphpost.dk/news/business/wind-energy-in-denmark-breaking-world-records.html Wind energy in Denmark breaking world records] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160119022407/http://cphpost.dk/news/business/wind-energy-in-denmark-breaking-world-records.html |date=19 January 2016 }} The Copenhagen Post, Retrieved 17. January 2016.</ref> {{As of|2011|05|alt=In May 2011}} Denmark derived 3.1% of its gross domestic product from renewable (clean) energy technology and energy efficiency, or around €6.5 billion ($9.4 billion).<ref>[http://news.yourolivebranch.org/2011/05/10/denmark-invests-the-most-in-clean-energy-per-gdp/ Denmark Invests the Most in Clean Energy per GDP] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516123405/http://news.yourolivebranch.org/2011/05/10/denmark-invests-the-most-in-clean-energy-per-gdp/ |date=16 May 2012 }} – yourolivebranch.org. Retrieved 3 January 2012</ref> Denmark is connected by [[electric transmission lines]] to other European countries.
[[Electricity sector in Denmark|Denmark's electricity sector]] has integrated energy sources such as wind power into the national grid. Denmark now aims to focus on intelligent battery systems ([[Vehicle-to-grid|V2G]]) and [[Electric vehicle|plug-in vehicles]] in the transport sector.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.energymap.dk/Technology-Areas/Intelligent-Energy/Plug-in-and-Electrical-Vehicles |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719122621/http://www.energymap.dk/Technology-Areas/Intelligent-Energy/Plug-in-and-Electrical-Vehicles |archive-date=19 July 2011 |title=Plug-in and Electrical Vehicles |publisher=EnergyMap.dk |access-date=10 October 2009}}</ref> The country is a member nation of the [[International Renewable Energy Agency]] (IRENA).<ref name="IRENAstates">{{cite news|title=Global support for International Renewable Energy Agency growing fast|url=http://www.irena.org/Menu/index.aspx?PriMenuID=13&mnu=Pri|date=10 September 2014|access-date=10 September 2014|publisher=IRENA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924015929/http://www.irena.org/menu/index.aspx?mnu=Pri&PriMenuID=13|archive-date=24 September 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
Denmark exported roughly 460 million [[Gigajoule|GJ]] of energy in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dst.dk/da/Statistik/emner/geografi-miljoe-og-energi/groent-nationalregnskab/energi-og-emissioner|title=Energi og emissioner|website=www.dst.dk|language=da|access-date=12 April 2020}}</ref>
=== Transport ===
{{Main|Transport in Denmark}}
{{See also|Transport in the Faroe Islands|Transport in Greenland}}
[[File:Denmark passenger and freight railway network.png|thumb|Denmark railway network]]
[[File:Copenhagen airport from air.jpg|thumb|[[Copenhagen Airport]] is the largest airport in Scandinavia and the [[List of the busiest airports in Europe|15th-busiest in Europe]].<ref name="cph" />]]
Significant investment has been made in building road and rail links between regions in Denmark, most notably the [[Great Belt Fixed Link]], which connects [[Zealand]] and [[Funen]]. It is now possible to drive from [[Frederikshavn]] in northern [[Jutland]] to [[Copenhagen]] on eastern Zealand without leaving the motorway. The main railway operator is [[DSB (railway company)|DSB]] for passenger services and [[DB Cargo]] for freight trains. The railway tracks are maintained by [[Banedanmark]]. The North Sea and the Baltic Sea are intertwined by various, international ferry links. Construction of the [[Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link]], connecting Denmark and Germany with a second link, will start in 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title=Denmark-Germany undersea Fehmarn tunnel gets go-ahead|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-33633879|access-date=19 August 2015|work=BBC News|date=23 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907101048/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-33633879|archive-date=7 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Copenhagen has a [[rapid transit]] system, the [[Copenhagen Metro]], and an extensive electrified suburban railway network, the [[S-train]]. In the four largest cities – [[Copenhagen]], [[Aarhus]], [[Odense]], [[Aalborg]] – [[light rail]] systems are planned to be in operation around 2020.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ring 3 summary report |url=http://www.ringtre.dk/fileadmin/filer/freesites/ringtre/filer/Letbane/Dokumenter/Resume_UK_final03.pdf |access-date=12 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413131909/http://www.ringtre.dk/fileadmin/filer/freesites/ringtre/filer/Letbane/Dokumenter/Resume_UK_final03.pdf |archive-date=13 April 2014 }}</ref>
[[Cycling in Denmark]] is a very common form of transport, particularly for the young and for city dwellers. With a network of bicycle routes extending more than 12,000 km<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitdenmark.dk/danmark/da-dk/menu/turist/inspiration/aktivferie/cykel/cykel-ruter-og-regioner.htm |title=Cykelruter og regioner |publisher=Visitdenmark.com |language=da |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315171238/http://www.visitdenmark.dk/danmark/da-dk/menu/turist/inspiration/aktivferie/cykel/cykel-ruter-og-regioner.htm |archive-date=15 March 2012 }}</ref> and an estimated 7,000 km<ref name="vcta">{{cite web |url=http://www.vcta.dk/OmVCTA.aspx |title=Vi cykler til arbejde 2011 |access-date=16 August 2011 |publisher=[[Dansk Cyklist Forbund]] |language=da |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724113337/http://www.vcta.dk/OmVCTA.aspx |archive-date=24 July 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> of [[Segregated cycle facilities|segregated dedicated bicycle paths and lanes]], Denmark has a solid [[cycling infrastructure|bicycle infrastructure]].
Private vehicles are increasingly used as a means of transport. Because of the [[car taxation|high registration tax]] (150%), [[VAT]] (25%), and one of the world's highest income tax rates, new cars are very expensive. The purpose of the tax is to discourage car ownership.
In 2007, an attempt was made by the government to favour environmentally friendly cars by slightly reducing taxes on high mileage vehicles. However, this has had little effect, and in 2008 Denmark experienced an increase in the import of fuel inefficient old cars,<ref>{{cite news |title=Tyske miljøzoner sender gamle biler til Danmark |date=9 January 2009 |url=http://politiken.dk/indland/ECE626918/tyske-miljoezoner-sender-gamle-biler-til-danmark/ |work=Politiken.dk |access-date=29 November 2010 |language=da |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430200435/http://politiken.dk/indland/ECE626918/tyske-miljoezoner-sender-gamle-biler-til-danmark/ |archive-date=30 April 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> as the cost for older cars—including taxes—keeps them within the budget of many Danes.
{{As of|2011}}, the average car age is 9.2 years.<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Transport|title=Statistical Yearbook 2012|publisher=dst.dk |chapter-url=http://www.dst.dk/pukora/epub/upload/16251/13tra.pdf |access-date=3 September 2012 }}</ref>
With Norway and Sweden, Denmark is part of the [[Scandinavian Airlines]] [[flag carrier]]. [[Copenhagen Airport]] is Scandinavia's busiest passenger airport, handling over 25 million passengers in 2014.<ref name="cph">{{cite web|title=Group Annual Report 2014|url=https://www.cph.dk/globalassets/om-cph/investor/publikationer/arsraporter_uk/cph_uk_ar_report_2015_03_18_final.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150616072050/http://www.cph.dk/globalassets/om-cph/investor/publikationer/arsraporter_uk/cph_uk_ar_report_2015_03_18_final.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 June 2015|website=cph.dk|publisher=Copenhagen Airports A/S|access-date=19 August 2015}}</ref> Other notable airports are [[Billund Airport]], [[Aalborg Airport]], and [[Aarhus Airport]].
== Demographics ==
{{Main|Demographics of Denmark}}
{{See also|Demographics of the Faroe Islands|Demographics of Greenland|List of urban areas in Denmark by population}}
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Population by ancestry (Q2 2020):<ref name="pop1" />
|label1 = People of Danish origin (including ''Faroese'' and ''Greenlandic'')
|value1= 86.11
|color1= DarkBlue
|label2 = Immigrant
|value2 = 10.56
|color2 = DarkGray
|label3 = Descendant of an immigrant
|value3 = 3.34
|color3 = MediumBlue
}}
=== Population ===
{{main|List of cities and towns in Denmark}}
The population of Denmark, as registered by [[Statistics Denmark]], was 5.825 million in April 2020.<ref name="pop1" /> Denmark has one of the oldest populations in the world, with the average age of 41.9 years,<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/denmark/|title=World Factbook EUROPE : DENMARK|work=[[The World Factbook]]|date=12 July 2018}}</ref> with 0.97 males per female. Despite a low birth rate, the population is growing at an average annual rate of 0.59%<ref name="factbook2" /> because of net immigration and increasing longevity. The [[World Happiness Report]] frequently ranks Denmark's population as the happiest in the world.<ref name="happiness">{{cite web|editor1-last=Helliwell |editor1-first=John |editor2-last=Layard |editor2-first=Richard |editor3-last=Sachs |editor3-first=Jeffrey |editor3-link=Jeffrey Sachs |title=World Happiness Report 2016 |url=http://5c28efcb768db11c7204-4ffd2ff276d22135df4d1a53ae141422.r82.cf5.rackcdn.com/HR-V1_web.pdf |publisher=Sustainable Development Solutions Network |access-date=17 March 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318091325/http://5c28efcb768db11c7204-4ffd2ff276d22135df4d1a53ae141422.r82.cf5.rackcdn.com/HR-V1_web.pdf |archive-date=18 March 2016 }}</ref><ref name=Earth_Institute_2013>Helliwell, John; Layard, Richard; Sachs, Jeffrey [http://www.earth.columbia.edu/sitefiles/file/Sachs%20Writing/2012/World%20Happiness%20Report.pdf World Happiness Report] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902171441/http://www.earth.columbia.edu/sitefiles/file/Sachs%20Writing/2012/World%20Happiness%20Report.pdf |date=2 September 2013 }}. ''[[The Earth Institute]]'' at [[Columbia University]], p. 8. See also: [http://unsdsn.org/files/2013/09/WorldHappinessReport2013_online.pdf World Happiness Report 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215838/http://unsdsn.org/files/2013/09/WorldHappinessReport2013_online.pdf |date=4 October 2013 }}, p. 23.; [https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/22/denmark-happiest-country_n_4070761.html Denmark Is Considered The Happiest Country. You'll Never Guess Why.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023134428/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/22/denmark-happiest-country_n_4070761.html |date=23 October 2013 }} ''[[Huffington Post]].'' 22 October 2013.</ref><ref name="BruceStokes">Stokes, Buce (8 June 2011). [https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2011/06/the-happiest-countries-in-the-world/240103/ The Happiest Countries in the World] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425034007/https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2011/06/the-happiest-countries-in-the-world/240103/ |date=25 April 2017 }}. ''[[The Atlantic]].'' Retrieved 20 September 2013</ref> This has been attributed to the country's highly regarded education and [[Health care in Denmark|health care]] systems,<ref name=Taylor>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/denmark-is-the-worlds-happiest-country--official-410075.html |title=Denmark is the world's happiest country – official – Europe, World |work=The Independent |location=London |date=1 August 2006 |access-date=5 May 2009 |first=Jerome |last=Taylor |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309234926/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/denmark-is-the-worlds-happiest-country--official-410075.html |archive-date=9 March 2009 }}</ref> and its low level of [[income inequality]].<ref name=eurogini>{{cite web|title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income (source: SILC)|url=http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di12|publisher=Eurostat Data Explorer|access-date=4 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045123/http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di12|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
Denmark is a historically [[Homogeneity (statistics)|homogeneous]] nation.<ref name="Thomas2016">{{cite book|first=Alastair H.|last=Thomas|title=Historical Dictionary of Denmark|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aPq6DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA11|year=2016|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-1-4422-6465-6|page=11}}</ref> However, as with its Scandinavian neighbours, Denmark has recently transformed from a nation of [[net migration|net emigration]], up until World War II, to a nation of net immigration. Today, [[residence permit]]s are issued mostly to immigrants from other EU countries (54% of all non-Scandinavian immigrants in 2017). Another 31% of residence permits were study- or work-related, 4% were issued to [[asylum seeker]]s and 10% to persons who arrive as family dependants.<ref>{{cite web|title=VAN8A: Immigrations (year) by citizenship, sex and residence permit|url=http://www.statbank.dk/VAN8A|publisher=[[Statistics Denmark]]|access-date=18 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012172855/http://www.statbank.dk/VAN8A|archive-date=12 October 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Overall, the net migration rate in 2017 was 2.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population, somewhat lower than the United Kingdom and the other Nordic countries.<ref name="factbook2" /><ref>For comparisons and developments see: {{cite journal|url=http://esa.un.org/miggmgprofiles/indicators/files/Denmark.pdf|title=Denmark – Migration Profiles|publisher=UNICEF|date=2013|access-date=5 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304194636/http://esa.un.org/miggmgprofiles/indicators/files/Denmark.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Statistics on migration only includes people changing citizenship and does not always provide a realistic picture of migration pressure. In Denmark, 5% of the population were non-citizens in 2005, which is a relatively high figure. See {{cite journal|url=https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/events/coordination/4/docs/P12_OECD.pdf|title=Counting Immigrant and Expatriates in OECD Countries: A New Perspective|publisher=OECD|pages=119–120|date=21 October 2005|access-date=5 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415081147/http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/events/coordination/4/docs/P12_OECD.pdf|archive-date=15 April 2016|url-status=live}} for example.</ref>
There are no official statistics on [[ethnic group]]s, but according to 2020 figures from Statistics Denmark, 86.11% of the population in Denmark was of [[Danes|Danish]] descent (including ''[[Faroese Dane|Faroese]]'' and ''[[Greenlandic people in Denmark|Greenlandic]]''), defined as having at least one parent who was born in the [[Realm of Denmark|Kingdom of Denmark]] and holds [[Danish nationality law|Danish Nationality]].<ref name="pop1">{{cite web|title=Population at the first day of the quarter by municipality, sex, age, marital status, ancestry, country of origin and citizenship|url=http://www.statbank.dk/FOLK1c|publisher=[[Statistics Denmark]]|access-date=2 October 2020|quote=January 2020}}</ref><ref group=N name="denonly group=N">This data is for Denmark [[wikt:proper#Adjective|proper]] only. For data relevant to [[Greenland]] and the [[Faroe Islands]] see their respective articles.</ref> The remaining 13.89% were of foreign background, defined as immigrants or descendants of recent immigrants. With the same definition, the most common countries of origin were [[Demographics of Turkey|Turkey]], [[Poles|Poland]], [[Syrians|Syria]], [[Germans|Germany]], [[Iraqis|Iraq]], [[Romanians|Romania]], [[Lebanon]], [[Pakistanis|Pakistan]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], and [[Somalis|Somalia]].<ref name="pop1" />
The [[Greenlandic Inuit|Inuit]] are indigenous to Greenland in the Kingdom and have traditionally inhabited Greenland and the northern parts of Canada and Alaska in the [[Arctic]]. From the 18th century up to the 1970s, the Danish government (Dano-Norwegian until 1814) have through time tried to assimilate the Greenlandic Inuit, encouraging them to adopt the majority language, culture and religion. Because of this "[[Danization]] process", several persons of Inuit ancestry now identify their mother tongue as Danish.
{{Largest cities of Denmark}}
=== Languages ===
{{Main|Languages of Denmark}}
{{See also|Languages of the Faroe Islands|Languages of Greenland}}
[[Danish language|Danish]] is the ''de facto'' [[national language]] of Denmark.<ref name="Ethnologue" /> [[Faroese language|Faroese]] and [[Greenlandic language|Greenlandic]] are the official languages of the Faroe Islands and Greenland respectively.<ref name="Ethnologue">{{cite book |editor1-first=M. Paul |editor1-last=Lewis |year=2009 |title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World |edition=16th |publisher=SIL International. |location=Dallas, Texas |isbn=978-1-55671-216-6 |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/ |access-date=27 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071227170852/http://www.ethnologue.com/ |archive-date=27 December 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[German language|German]] is a recognised [[minority language]] in the area of the former [[South Jutland County]] (now part of the [[Region of Southern Denmark]]), which was part of the German Empire prior to the [[Treaty of Versailles]].<ref name="Ethnologue" /> Danish and Faroese belong to the [[North Germanic languages|North Germanic]] (Nordic) branch of the [[Indo-European languages]], along with [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]], [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]], and [[Swedish language|Swedish]].<ref name="language">{{cite web|title=Language|url=http://www.norden.org/en/the-nordic-region/language|publisher=The Nordic Council|access-date=7 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140721051426/http://www.norden.org/en/the-nordic-region/language|archive-date=21 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> There is a limited degree of [[North Germanic languages#Mutual intelligibility|mutual intelligibility between Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish]]. Danish is more distantly related to German, which is a [[West Germanic languages|West Germanic]] language. Greenlandic or "Kalaallisut" belongs to the [[Eskimo–Aleut languages]]; it is closely related to the [[Inuit languages]] in Canada, such as [[Inuktitut]], and entirely unrelated to Danish.<ref name="language" />
A large majority (86%) of Danes speak [[English language|English]] as a second language,<ref>{{cite web|title=Europeans and their Languages|url=http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_243_en.pdf|work=[[Eurobarometer]]|publisher=[[European Commission]]|access-date=22 May 2014|date=February 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414102658/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_243_en.pdf|archive-date=14 April 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> generally with a high level of [[language proficiency|proficiency]]. German is the second-most spoken foreign language, with 47% reporting a conversational level of proficiency.<ref name="Ethnologue" /> Denmark had 25,900 [[first language|native speakers]] of German in 2007 (mostly in the South Jutland area).<ref name="Ethnologue" />
=== Religion ===
{{Main|Religion in Denmark}}
{{Hatnote|Also related: [[Religion in the Faroe Islands]] and [[Religion in Greenland]]}}
[[Christianity in Denmark|Christianity]] is the dominant religion in Denmark. In January 2020, 74.3%<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.km.dk/folkekirken/kirkestatistik/folkekirkens-medlemstal/|title=Folkekirkens medlemstal|website=Kirkeministeriet|language=da|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410190520/https://www.km.dk/folkekirken/kirkestatistik/folkekirkens-medlemstal/|archive-date=10 April 2020|access-date=5 April 2020}}</ref> of the population of Denmark were members of the [[Church of Denmark]] ({{lang|da|Den Danske Folkekirke}}), the [[state religion|officially established]] church, which is [[Protestant]] in classification and [[Lutheran]] in orientation.<ref>[http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html Denmark – Constitution] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710092702/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html |date=10 July 2011 }} – Part I – Section 4 [State Church]: "The Evangelical Lutheran Church shall be the Established Church of Denmark, and, as such, it shall be supported by the State."</ref><ref group="N">The Church of Denmark is the established church (or state religion) in Denmark and Greenland; the [[Church of the Faroe Islands]] became an independent body in 2007.</ref> The membership percentage have been in steadily decline since the 1970s, mainly as fewer newborns are being [[Baptism|baptised]] into it.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Thomsen Højsgaard|first=Morten|url=https://www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/derfor-forlader-flere-folk-kirken|title=Derfor mister kirken mere af folket|date=21 February 2018|work=Kristeligt Dagblad|access-date=5 April 2020|language=da}}</ref> Only 3% of the population regularly attend Sunday services<ref name="report 2009">{{cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2009/127307.htm|title=Denmark – Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor|year=2009|work=International Religious Freedom Report 2009|publisher=U.S. Department of State|access-date=23 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gallup.com/poll/13117/religion-europe-trust-filling-pews.aspx|title=Religion in Europe: Trust Not Filling the Pews|last=Manchin|first=Robert|date=21 September 2004|work=Gallup Poll|publisher=[[Gallup (company)|Gallup]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120155549/http://www.gallup.com/poll/13117/religion-europe-trust-filling-pews.aspx|archive-date=20 January 2013|access-date=23 August 2012}}</ref> and only 19% of Danes consider religion to be an important part of their life.<ref name="gallup-religiosity-poor-nations">{{cite web|last1=Crabtree|first1=Steve|title=Religiosity Highest in World's Poorest Nations|date=31 August 2010 |url=http://www.gallup.com/poll/142727/religiosity-highest-world-poorest-nations.aspx|publisher=Gallup|access-date=27 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823202612/http://www.gallup.com/poll/142727/religiosity-highest-world-poorest-nations.aspx|archive-date=23 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Roskilde Cathedral aerial.jpg|thumb|left|[[Roskilde Cathedral]] has been the burial place of Danish royalty since the 15th century. In 1995 it became a [[World Heritage Site]].]]
The [[Constitution of Denmark|Constitution]] states that the sovereign must have the Lutheran faith, though the rest of the population is free to adhere to other faiths.<ref>[http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html Denmark – Constitution] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710092702/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html |date=10 July 2011 }} – Part II – Section 6 .</ref><ref>[http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html Denmark – Constitution] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710092702/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html |date=10 July 2011 }} – Part VII – Section 70: "No person shall for reasons of his creed or descent be deprived of access to complete enjoyment of his civic and political rights, nor shall he for such reasons evade compliance with any common civic duty."</ref><ref name=FoR>[http://www.km.dk/fileadmin/share/Trossamfund/Freedom_of_religion.pdf Freedom of religion and religious communities in Denmark] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205165930/http://www.km.dk/fileadmin/share/Trossamfund/Freedom_of_religion.pdf |date=5 February 2012 }} – The Ministry of Ecclesiastical Affairs – May 2006</ref> In 1682 the state granted limited recognition to three religious groups dissenting from the Established Church: [[Roman Catholicism in Denmark|Roman Catholicism]], [[Reformed Synod of Denmark|the Reformed Church]] and [[History of the Jews in Denmark|Judaism]],<ref name=FoR /> although conversion to these groups from the Church of Denmark remained illegal initially. Until the 1970s, the state formally recognised "religious societies" by [[royal decree]]. Today, religious groups do not need official government recognition, they can be granted the right to perform weddings and other ceremonies without this recognition.<ref name=FoR /> [[Islam in Denmark|Denmark's Muslims]] make up approximately 4.4% of the population<ref name=jac2020>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tjekdet.dk/hvor-mange-muslimer-er-der-i-danmark|title=Hvor mange muslimer er der i Danmark?|work=tjekdet.dk|access-date=14 November 2020|language=da-DK}}</ref> and form the country's second largest religious community and largest minority religion.<ref name=jac2018>{{Cite news|url=https://www.religion.dk/religionsanalysen/hvor-mange-indvandrer-lever-i-danmark|title=Hvor mange muslimer bor der i Danmark?|work=religion.dk|access-date=8 February 2018|language=da-DK|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209134230/https://www.religion.dk/religionsanalysen/hvor-mange-indvandrer-lever-i-danmark|archive-date=9 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The Danish Foreign Ministry estimates that other religious groups comprise less than 1% of the population individually and approximately 2% when taken all together.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.um.dk/Publikationer/UM/English/Denmark/kap1/1-14.asp |title=Religion in Denmark |access-date=8 February 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060208030036/http://www.um.dk/Publikationer/UM/English/Denmark/kap1/1-14.asp |archive-date=8 February 2006 }} – From the [[Danish Foreign Ministry]]. Archive retrieved on 3 January 2012.</ref>
According to a 2010 [[Eurobarometer]] Poll,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_341_en.pdf |title=Special Eurobarometer, biotechnology, page 204 |others=Fieldwork: Jan–Feb 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101215001129/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_341_en.pdf |archive-date=15 December 2010 }}</ref> 28% of Danish nationals polled responded that they "believe there is a God", 47% responded that they "believe there is some sort of spirit or life force" and 24% responded that they "do not believe there is any sort of spirit, God or life force". Another poll, carried out in 2009, found that 25% of Danes believe [[Jesus]] is the [[son of God]], and 18% believe he is the [[Redeemer (Christianity)|saviour]] of the world.<ref>Poll performed in December 2009 among 1114 Danes between ages 18 and 74, [http://www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/artikel/350709:Kirke---tro--Hver-fjerde-dansker-tror-paa-Jesus ''Hver fjerde dansker tror på Jesus''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091225060504/http://www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/artikel/350709:Kirke---tro--Hver-fjerde-dansker-tror-paa-Jesus |date=25 December 2009 }} (One in four Danes believe in Jesus), Kristeligt Dagblad, 23 December 2009 {{in lang|da}}</ref>
=== Education ===
{{Main|Education in Denmark}}
{{Hatnote|Also related: [[Education in the Faroe Islands]] and [[Education in Greenland]]}}
[[File:Københavns universitet lektionskatalog 1537.jpg|thumb|upright|left|The oldest surviving Danish lecture plan dated 1537 from the [[University of Copenhagen]]]]
All educational programmes in Denmark are regulated by the [[Education Minister of Denmark|Ministry of Education]] and administered by local municipalities. ''[[Danish Folkeskole Education|Folkeskole]]'' covers the entire period of compulsory education, encompassing [[primary school|primary]] and lower [[secondary school|secondary education]].<ref name="edu">{{cite web|title=Overview of the Danish Education System|url=http://eng.uvm.dk/Education/Overview-of-the-Danish-Education-System|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111062215/http://eng.uvm.dk/Education/Overview-of-the-Danish-Education-System|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 January 2012|publisher=Danish Ministry for Children, Education and Gender Equality|access-date=28 April 2016}}</ref> Most children attend ''folkeskole'' for 10 years, from the ages of 6 to 16. There are no final examinations, but pupils can choose to sit an exam when finishing [[ninth grade]] (14–15 years old). The test is obligatory if further education is to be attended. Alternatively pupils can attend an [[independent school]] ({{lang|da|friskole}}), or a private school ({{lang|da|privatskole}}), such as [[Christian school]]s or [[Waldorf education|Waldorf schools]].
Following graduation from compulsory education, there are several continuing educational opportunities; the [[Gymnasium (Denmark)|Gymnasium (STX)]] attaches importance in teaching a mix of humanities and science, [[Higher Technical Examination Programme (HTX)]] focuses on scientific subjects and the [[Higher Commercial Examination Programme]] emphasises on subjects in economics. [[Higher Preparatory Examination (HF)]] is similar to ''Gymnasium (STX)'', but is one year shorter. For specific professions, there is [[Vocational secondary education in Denmark|vocational education]], training young people for work in specific [[trade (occupation)|trades]] by a combination of teaching and [[apprenticeship]].
The government records upper secondary school completion rates of 95% and [[tertiary education|tertiary]] enrollment and completion rates of 60%.<ref>{{cite web|title=Education Policy Outlook: Denmark|url=https://www.oecd.org/edu/EDUCATION%20POLICY%20OUTLOOK%20DENMARK_EN.pdf|publisher=OECD|access-date=27 April 2016|page=4|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161017183723/https://www.oecd.org/edu/EDUCATION%20POLICY%20OUTLOOK%20DENMARK_EN.pdf|archive-date=17 October 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> All [[university]] and college (tertiary) education in Denmark is free of charges; there are no tuition fees to enrol in courses. Students aged 18 or above may apply for state educational support grants, known as ''[[Student loans in Denmark|Statens Uddannelsesstøtte]] (SU)'', which provides fixed financial support, disbursed monthly.<ref>Rick Noack (4 February 2015). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2015/02/04/why-danish-students-are-paid-to-go-to-college/ Why Danish students are paid to go to college] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524062503/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2015/02/04/why-danish-students-are-paid-to-go-to-college/ |date=24 May 2015 }}. ''[[The Washington Post]].'' Retrieved 5 February 2015.</ref> Danish universities offer international students a range of opportunities for obtaining an internationally recognised qualification in Denmark. Many programmes may be taught in the [[English language]], the academic [[lingua franca]], in [[bachelor's degree]]s, [[master's degree]]s, [[doctorate]]s and [[student exchange program]]mes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://studyindenmark.dk/ |title=Study in Denmark, official government website on international higher education in Denmark |access-date=8 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510042940/http://studyindenmark.dk/ |archive-date=10 May 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
=== Health ===
{{See also|Health care in Denmark}}
[[File:Rigshospitalet_20130427_0004F_(8739514693).jpg|thumb|[[Rigshospitalet]] in Copenhagen]]
{{As of|2015}}, Denmark has a [[life expectancy]] of 80.6 years at birth (78.6 for men, 82.5 for women), up from 76.9 years in 2000.<ref name=WHO>{{cite web |title=Life expectancy |url=http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.688?lang=en |publisher=World Health Organization |access-date=20 August 2017 |date=6 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016022444/http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.688?lang=en |archive-date=16 October 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> This [[List of countries by life expectancy|ranks it]] 27th among 193 nations, behind the other [[Nordic countries]]. The ''National Institute of Public Health'' of the [[University of Southern Denmark]] has calculated 19 major risk factors among Danes that contribute to a lowering of the life expectancy; this includes smoking, alcohol, [[drug abuse]] and [[Sedentary lifestyle|physical inactivity]].<ref name="health report">{{cite book|last=Brønnum-Hansen|first=Knud Juel, Jan Sørensen, Henrik|title=Risk factors and public health in Denmark – Summary report|date=2007|publisher=National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark|location=København|isbn=978-87-7899-123-2|url=http://www.si-folkesundhed.dk/upload/2745_-_risk_factors_and_public_health_in_denmark.pdf|access-date=31 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222143524/http://www.si-folkesundhed.dk/upload/2745_-_risk_factors_and_public_health_in_denmark.pdf|archive-date=22 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Although the [[Obesity by country|obesity rate]] is lower than in North America and most other European countries,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2228rank.html |title=Obesity – Adult prevalence |publisher=CIA Factbook |access-date=20 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010185132/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2228rank.html |archive-date=10 October 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> the large number of Danes becoming [[overweight]] is an increasing problem and results in an annual additional consumption in the health care system of [[Danish krone|DKK]] 1,625 million.<ref name="health report" /> In a 2012 study, Denmark had the highest [[List of OECD countries by cancer rate|cancer rate]] of all countries listed by the [[World Cancer Research Fund International]]; researchers suggest the reasons are better reporting, but also lifestyle factors like heavy [[List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita|alcohol consumption]], [[Prevalence of tobacco consumption|smoking]] and physical inactivity.<ref>{{cite news|title = Why is Denmark the cancer capital of the world?|url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/news/8277418/Why-is-Denmark-the-cancer-capital-of-the-world.html|work = The Daily Telegraph|location = London|access-date = 4 January 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035731/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/news/8277418/Why-is-Denmark-the-cancer-capital-of-the-world.html|archive-date = 4 March 2016|url-status=live|df = dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = Data for cancer frequency by country|url = http://www.wcrf.org/int/cancer-facts-figures/data-cancer-frequency-country|publisher = WCRF|date = 2012|access-date = 4 January 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151230080530/http://www.wcrf.org/int/cancer-facts-figures/data-cancer-frequency-country|archive-date = 30 December 2015|url-status=live|df = dmy-all}}</ref>
Denmark has a [[universal health care|universal]] [[health care system]], characterised by being publicly financed through taxes and, for most of the services, run directly by the regional authorities. ''One'' of the sources of income is a national health care contribution (''{{lang|da|sundhedsbidrag}}'') (2007–11:8%; '12:7%; '13:6%; '14:5%; '15:4%; '16:3%; '17:2%; '18:1%; '19:0%) but it is being phased out and will be gone from January 2019, with the income taxes in the lower brackets being raised gradually each year instead.<ref name=taxation1 /> Another source comes from the municipalities that had their income taxes raised by 3 percentage points from 1 January 2007, a contribution confiscated from the former county tax to be used from 1 January 2007 for health purposes by the municipalities instead. This means that most [[health care provider|health care provision]] is free at the point of delivery for all residents. Additionally, roughly two in five have complementary [[health insurance|private insurance]] to cover services not fully covered by the state, such as [[physiotherapy]].<ref name=commonwealth /> {{As of|2012}}, Denmark spends 11.2% of its GDP on health care; this is up from 9.8% in 2007 (US$3,512 per capita).<ref name=commonwealth>{{cite web |title=International Profiles of Health Care Systems |url=http://www.commonwealthfund.org/~/media/Files/Publications/Fund%20Report/2010/Jun/1417_Squires_Intl_Profiles_622.pdf |publisher=The Commonwealth Fund |access-date=31 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228014404/http://www.commonwealthfund.org/~/media/Files/Publications/Fund%20Report/2010/Jun/1417_Squires_Intl_Profiles_622.pdf |archive-date=28 December 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> This places Denmark above the [[OECD]] average and above the other Nordic countries.<ref name=commonwealth /><ref>{{cite web|title=Country Comparison :: Life Expectancy at Birth|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2102rank.html|work=The World Factbook|publisher=CIA|access-date=31 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120024054/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2102rank.html|archive-date=20 January 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
=== Ghettos ===
{{Main|Immigration to Denmark|Ghetto (Denmark)}}
[[File:Janni_Milsted_fra_Mjoelnerparken_i_Koebenhavn_viser_et_projekt_frem,_hvor_beboerne_har_vaeret_med_til_at_plante_krydderurter_og_baerbuske_i_store_kasser_i_de_fire_garde_i_Mjoelnerparken.jpg|thumb|[[Mjølnerparken]] in Copenhagen]]
Denmark is the only country to officially use the word 'ghetto' in the 21st century to denote certain residential areas.<ref name="Reuters">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-denmark-immigration-widerimage/in-danish-ghettos-immigrants-feel-stigmatized-and-shut-out-idUSKCN1IU1DS|title=In Danish 'ghettos', immigrants feel stigmatized and shut out|last=Nielson|first=Emil Gjerding|work=U.S.|access-date=4 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704212835/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-denmark-immigration-widerimage/in-danish-ghettos-immigrants-feel-stigmatized-and-shut-out-idUSKCN1IU1DS|archive-date=4 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Since 2010, the [[Danish Ministry of Transport]], Building and Housing publishes the ''ghettolisten'' (List of ghettos) which in 2018 consists of 25 areas.<ref name="Reuters" /><ref name="NPR">{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2018/03/30/593979013/in-denmark-s-plan-to-rid-country-of-ghettos-some-immigrants-hear-go-home?t=1530707460545|title=In Denmark's Plan To Rid Country Of 'Ghettos,' Some Immigrants Hear 'Go Home'|work=NPR.org|access-date=4 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704212942/https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2018/03/30/593979013/in-denmark-s-plan-to-rid-country-of-ghettos-some-immigrants-hear-go-home?t=1530707460545|archive-date=4 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> As a result, the term is widely used in the media and common parlance.<ref name="NYT">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/01/world/europe/denmark-immigrant-ghettos.html|title=In Denmark, Harsh New Laws for Immigrant 'Ghettos'|access-date=4 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706100907/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/01/world/europe/denmark-immigrant-ghettos.html|archive-date=6 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The legal designation is applied to areas based on the residents' income levels, employment status, education levels, criminal convictions and non-Western ethnic background.<ref name="NPR" /><ref name="NYT" /><ref name="BBC">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-43214596|title=Danes to double penalty for ghetto crime|date=27 February 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=4 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718180541/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-43214596|archive-date=18 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, 8.7% of Denmark's population consisted of non-Western immigrants or their descendants. The population proportion of 'ghetto residents' with non-Western background was 66.5%.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-denmark-immigration/denmark-to-school-ghetto-kids-in-democracy-and-christmas-idUSKCN1IT1EO|title=Denmark to school 'ghetto' kids in democracy and Christmas|agency=Reuters Editorial|access-date=4 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704222846/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-denmark-immigration/denmark-to-school-ghetto-kids-in-democracy-and-christmas-idUSKCN1IT1EO|archive-date=4 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2018, the government has proposed measures to solve the issue of [[Social integration|integration]] and to rid the country of [[Parallel society|parallel societies]] and ghettos by 2030.<ref name="BBC" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name="localDK">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thelocal.dk/20180228/heres-what-we-know-about-denmarks-ghetto-plan|title=Here's what we know about Denmark's 'ghetto plan'|date=28 February 2018|access-date=4 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704213129/https://www.thelocal.dk/20180228/heres-what-we-know-about-denmarks-ghetto-plan|archive-date=4 July 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Time">{{Cite magazine|url=http://time.com/5328347/denmark-ghettos-policies/|title=What to Know About Denmark's Plan to End Immigrant "Ghettos"|magazine=Time|access-date=4 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705155619/http://time.com/5328347/denmark-ghettos-policies/|archive-date=5 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The measures focus on physical redevelopment, control over who is allowed to live in these areas, crime abatement and education.<ref name="NPR" /> These policies have been criticised for undercutting 'equality before law' and for portraying immigrants, especially Muslim immigrants, in a bad light.<ref name="NPR" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vox.com/world/2018/7/3/17525960/denmark-children-immigrant-muslim-danish-ghetto|title="No ghettos in 2030": Denmark's controversial plan to get rid of immigrant neighborhoods|work=Vox|access-date=4 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704182731/https://www.vox.com/world/2018/7/3/17525960/denmark-children-immigrant-muslim-danish-ghetto|archive-date=4 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> While some proposals like restricting 'ghetto children' to their homes after 8 p.m. have been rejected for being too radical, most of the 22 proposals have been agreed upon by a parliamentary majority.<ref name="Reuters" /><ref name="NYT" />
== Culture ==
{{Main|Culture of Denmark}}
{{See also|LGBT rights in Denmark|LGBT rights in the Faroe Islands|LGBT rights in Greenland}}
{{Hatnote|Also related: [[Culture of the Faroe Islands]] and [[Culture of Greenland]]}}
Denmark shares strong cultural and [[History of Scandinavia|historic]] ties with its [[Scandinavia]]n neighbours [[Sweden]] and [[Norway]]. It has historically been one of the most socially progressive cultures in the world. In 1969, Denmark was the first country to legalise [[pornography]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.um.dk/publikationer/um/english/factsheetdenmark/denmarkanoverview/html/chapter05.htm |title=Denmark – An Overview |website=Royal Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs |date=22 September 2007 |access-date=22 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080122084309/http://www.um.dk/publikationer/um/english/factsheetdenmark/denmarkanoverview/html/chapter05.htm |archive-date=22 January 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and in 2012, Denmark replaced its "[[Registered partnership in Denmark|registered partnership]]" laws, which it had been the first country to introduce in 1989,<ref>Sheila Rule: [https://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/02/world/rights-for-gay-couples-in-denmark.html "Rights for Gay Couples in Denmark"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080523/http://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/02/world/rights-for-gay-couples-in-denmark.html |date=4 March 2016 }} – ''[[The New York Times]]''. Published: 2 October 1989. Retrieved 7 June 2012</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://marriage.about.com/cs/samesexmarriage/a/samesex.htm |title=Same-Sex Marriage FAQ |publisher=Marriage.about.com |date=17 June 2003 |access-date=5 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212061255/http://marriage.about.com/cs/samesexmarriage/a/samesex.htm |archive-date=12 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> with [[gender-neutral marriage]], and allowed same-sex marriages to be performed in the [[Church of Denmark]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Denmark approves same-sex marriage and church weddings|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-18363157|work=BBC News|date=7 June 2012|access-date=20 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190116191027/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-18363157|archive-date=16 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Denmark passes bill allowing gays to marry in church |agency=AFP |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/390257/denmark-passes-bill-allowing-gays-to-marry-in-church/ |date=7 June 2012 |access-date=7 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120610034001/http://tribune.com.pk/story/390257/denmark-passes-bill-allowing-gays-to-marry-in-church/ |archive-date=10 June 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> Modesty and [[social equality]] are important parts of Danish culture.<ref>[http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/denmark-country-profile.html Denmark – Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette. From Kwintessential] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120610114106/http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/denmark-country-profile.html |date=10 June 2012 }}. Retrieved 4 December 2008.</ref> In a 2016 study comparing empathy scores of 63 countries, Denmark ranked 4th world-wide having the highest empathy among surveyed European countries.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Chopik|first1=William J.|last2=O’Brien|first2=Ed|last3=Konrath|first3=Sara H.|date=2017|title=Differences in Empathic Concern and Perspective Taking Across 63 Countries|journal=Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology|language=en|volume=48|issue=1|at=Supplementary Table 1|doi=10.1177/0022022116673910|issn=0022-0221|hdl=1805/14139|s2cid=149314942|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
[[File:Kierkegaard 20090502-DSCF1495.jpg|thumb|upright|Statue of [[philosophy|philosopher]] [[Søren Kierkegaard]]]]
The astronomical discoveries of [[Tycho Brahe]] (1546–1601), [[Ludwig A. Colding]]'s (1815–1888) neglected articulation of the principle of [[conservation of energy]], and the contributions to atomic physics of [[Niels Bohr]] (1885–1962) indicate the range of Danish scientific achievement. The fairy tales of [[Hans Christian Andersen]] (1805–1875), the philosophical essays of [[Søren Kierkegaard]] (1813–1855), the short stories of [[Karen Blixen]] (penname [[Isak Dinesen]]), (1885–1962), the plays of [[Ludvig Holberg]] (1684–1754), and the dense, aphoristic poetry of [[Piet Hein (scientist)|Piet Hein]] (1905–1996), have earned international recognition, as have the symphonies of [[Carl Nielsen]] (1865–1931). From the mid-1990s, Danish films have attracted international attention, especially those associated with [[Dogme 95]] like those of [[Lars von Trier]].
A major feature of Danish culture is [[Jul (Denmark)|Jul]] (Danish [[Christmas]]). The holiday is celebrated throughout December, starting either at the beginning of Advent or on 1 December with a variety of traditions, culminating with the Christmas Eve meal.
There are seven heritage sites inscribed on the [[UNESCO]] [[List of World Heritage Sites in Northern Europe|World Heritage list in Northern Europe]]: [[Christiansfeld]], a Moravian Church Settlement, the [[Jelling stones|Jelling Mounds (Runic Stones and Church)]], [[Kronborg Castle]], [[Roskilde Cathedral]], and [[Par force hunting landscape in North Zealand|The par force hunting landscape in North Zealand]] and 3 in the [[List of World Heritage Sites in North America|World Heritage list in North America]]: [[Ilulissat Icefjord]], Aasivissuit — [[Nipisat Island|Nipisat]], [[Kujataa]] within the Kingdom of Denmark.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/dk|title=Denmark: Properties inscribed on the World Heritage List (8)|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=19 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120713012915/https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/dk|archive-date=13 July 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Human rights ===
{{Main|Human rights in Denmark}}
Denmark has been considered a progressive country, which has adopted legislation and policies to support women's rights, minority rights, and [[LGBT rights in Denmark|LGBT rights]]. Human rights in Denmark are protected by the state's Constitution of the [[Realm of Denmark|Realm]] ''([[Constitution of Denmark|Danmarks Riges Grundlov]])''; applying equally in Denmark proper, [[Greenland]] and the [[Faroe Islands]], and through the [[ratification]] of international human rights treaties.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=https://www.humanrights.dk/research/human-rights-in-denmark|title=Human rights in Denmark|website=The Danish Institute for Human Rights|publisher=The Danish Institute for Human Rights|language=en|access-date=14 May 2019|archive-date=25 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725111022/https://humanrights.dk/research/human-rights-in-denmark|url-status=dead}}</ref> Denmark has held a significant role in the adoption of both the [[European Convention on Human Rights]] and in the establishment of the [[European Court of Human Rights]] (ECHR). In 1987, the [[Folketing|Kingdom Parliament]] (''Folketinget'') established a national human rights institution, the Danish Centre of Human Rights, now the [[Danish Institute for Human Rights]].<ref name=":8" />
In 2009, a referendum on changing the Danish Act of Succession were held to grant [[absolute primogeniture]] to the Danish throne, meaning that the eldest child, regardless of gender, takes precedence in the line of succession. As it was not retroactive, the current successor to the throne is the eldest son of the King, rather than his eldest child. The Danish constitution Article 2 states that "The monarchy is inherited by men and women".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thedanishparliament.dk/-/media/pdf/publikationer/english/the_constitutional_act_of_denmark_2013,-d-,pdf.ashx |title=THE CONSTITUTIONAL ACT OF DENMARK |publisher=Folketinget.dk |access-date=21 October 2020}}</ref>
The Inuit have for decades been the subject of discrimination and abuse by the dominant colonisers from [[Danish colonization of the Americas|Europe]], those countries claiming possession of Inuit lands. The Inuit have never been a single community in a single region of [[Inuit]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.inuitcircumpolar.com/press-releases/four-countries-one-people-inuit-strengthen-arctic-co-operation/|title=Four Countries, One People: Inuit Strengthen Arctic Co-operation | Inuit Circumpolar Council Canada}}</ref> From the 18th century up to the 1970s, the Danish government (Dano-Norwegian until 1814) have through time tried to assimilate the [[indigenous people]] of Greenland, the [[Greenlandic Inuit]], encouraging them to adopt the majority language, culture and religion. Denmark has been greatly criticised by the Greenlandic community for the politics of ''Danization'' (50's and 60's) of and discrimination against the indigenous population of the country. Critical treatment paying non-Inuit workers higher wages than the local people, the relocation of entire families from their traditional lands into settlements, and separating children from their parents and sending them away to Denmark for schooling has been practised.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://digitalcommons.bard.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1276&context=senproj_s2018|title=Long-term Effects of Denmark's Colonization of Greenland}}</ref><ref>[https://saammaatta.gl//~/media/Forsoningskommission/Diverse/Endelig%20betænkning%20DK.pdf] Report published by the Greenland Reconciliation Commission</ref> Nevertheless, Denmark ratified, in 1996, to recognise the [[Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989|ILO-convention 169]] on [[indigenous people]] recommended by the UN.
In regard to LGBT rights, Denmark was the first country in the world to grant legal recognition to same-sex unions in the form of [[civil union|registered partnerships]] in 1989. On 7 June 2012, the law was replaced by a new [[Same-sex marriage in Denmark|same-sex marriage law]], which came into effect on 15 June 2012.<ref name=cphpost>[http://cphpost.dk/news/national/gay-marriage-legalised The Copenhagen Post, 7 June 2012: ''Gay marriage legalised''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216001423/http://cphpost.dk/news/national/gay-marriage-legalised |date=16 February 2013 }} Retrieved 19 September 2012</ref> [[Greenland]] and the [[Faroe Islands]] legalised same-sex marriage in April 2016,<ref name="Marriage Greenland">{{cite web|url=http://www.ft.dk/RIpdf/samling/20151/lovforslag/L35/20151_L35_som_vedtaget.pdf |title=Vedtaget af Folketinget ved 3. behandling den 19. januar 2016 Forslag til Lov om ændring af myndighedsloven for Grønland, lov om ikrafttræden for Grønland af lov om ægteskabets retsvirkninger, retsplejelov for Grønland og kriminallov for Grønland |publisher=[[Folketinget]] |date=19 January 2016 |access-date=28 January 2016|language=da}}</ref> and in July 2017 respectively.<ref name=PNews2017>{{Cite news|url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2017/06/19/denmark-approves-same-sex-marriage-in-the-faroe-islands/|title=Denmark approves same-sex marriage in the Faroe Islands|publisher=Pink News|date=19 June 2017|access-date=23 December 2017}}</ref> In January 2016, a resolution was implemented by the [[Folketing|Danish parliament]] which prevented [[transgender]] being classified as a [[Mental disorder|mental health condition]].<ref name=":0" /> In doing so, Denmark became the first country in [[Europe]] to go against the [[World Health Organization|World Health Organisation (WHO)]] standards, which classified transgender identity as being a mental health issue until June 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.care2.com/causes/denmark-to-the-who-trans-identity-is-not-a-mental-illness.html|title=Denmark to the WHO: Trans Identity Is Not a Mental Illness|last=Williams|first=Steve|date=20 May 2016|website=Care2 Causes|language=en|access-date=7 June 2019|archive-date=27 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327102635/https://www.care2.com/causes/denmark-to-the-who-trans-identity-is-not-a-mental-illness.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2018/06/20/transgender-not-mental-illness-world-health-organization/717758002/|title=Being transgender no longer classified as mental illness. Here's why|last=Simon|first=Caroline|date=20 June 2018|website=USA TODAY|language=en|access-date=7 June 2019}}</ref>
=== Media ===
<!--linked from {{Main|Media of Denmark}}-->
{{Main|Cinema of Denmark|Television in Denmark}}
{{See also|Cinema of the Faroe Islands|Television in Greenland}}
Danish [[mass media]] date back to the 1540s, when handwritten fly sheets reported on the news. In 1666, [[Anders Bording]], the father of Danish journalism, began a [[state media|state paper]]. In 1834, the first liberal, factual newspaper appeared, and the 1849 Constitution established lasting [[freedom of the press in Denmark]]. Newspapers flourished in the second half of the 19th century, usually tied to one or another political party or trade union. Modernisation, bringing in new features and mechanical techniques, appeared after 1900. The total circulation was 500,000 daily in 1901, more than doubling to 1.2 million in 1925.<ref name="media1">Kenneth E. Olson, ''The history makers: The press of Europe from its beginnings through 1965'' (LSU Press, 1966) pp 50 – 64, 433</ref> The [[German occupation of Denmark|German occupation]] during World War II brought informal censorship; some offending newspaper buildings were simply blown up by the Nazis. During the war, the underground produced 550 newspapers—small, surreptitiously printed sheets that encouraged sabotage and resistance.<ref name="media1" />
[[File:Lars von Trier 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|left|Director [[Lars von Trier]], who co-created the Dogme film movement]]
Danish cinema dates back to 1897 and since the 1980s has maintained a steady stream of productions due largely to funding by the state-supported [[Danish Film Institute]]. There have been three big internationally important waves of Danish cinema: erotic melodrama of the [[silent film|silent era]]; the increasingly explicit sex films of the 1960s and 1970s; and lastly, the [[Dogme 95]] movement of the late 1990s, where directors often used hand-held cameras to dynamic effect in a conscious reaction against big-budget studios. Danish films have been noted for their realism, religious and moral themes, sexual frankness and technical innovation. The Danish filmmaker [[Carl Theodor Dreyer|Carl Th. Dreyer]] (1889–1968) is considered one of the greatest directors of [[early cinema]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Carl Dreyer:Day of Wrath, Ordet, Gertrud|url=http://brightlightsfilm.com/29/carldreyer.php|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130307200514/http://brightlightsfilm.com/29/carldreyer.php|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 March 2013|work=Bright Lights Film Journal|access-date=1 July 2013|date=July 2000}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|last=Ebert|first=Robert|title=The Passion of Joan of Arc|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-the-passion-of-joan-of-arc-1928|work=Chicago Sun Times|access-date=1 July 2013|date=16 February 1997|quote=Carl Theodor Dreyer (1889–1968), the Dane who was one of the greatest early directors.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130610025315/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-the-passion-of-joan-of-arc-1928|archive-date=10 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
Other Danish filmmakers of note include [[Erik Balling]], the creator of the popular ''[[Olsen-banden]]'' films; [[Gabriel Axel]], an [[Academy Awards|Oscar]]-winner for ''[[Babette's Feast]]'' in 1987; and [[Bille August]], the [[Academy Awards|Oscar]]-, [[Palme d'Or]]- and [[Golden Globe Award|Golden Globe]]-winner for ''[[Pelle the Conqueror]]'' in 1988. In the modern era, notable filmmakers in Denmark include [[Lars von Trier]], who co-created the Dogme movement, and multiple award-winners [[Susanne Bier]] and [[Nicolas Winding Refn]]. [[Mads Mikkelsen]] is a world-renowned Danish actor, having starred in films such as ''[[King Arthur (2004 film)|King Arthur]]'', ''[[Casino Royale (2006 film)|Casino Royale]]'', the Danish film ''[[The Hunt (2012 film)|The Hunt]]'', and the American TV series ''[[Hannibal (TV series)|Hannibal]]''. Another renowned Danish actor [[Nikolaj Coster-Waldau]] is internationally known for playing the role of [[Jaime Lannister]] in the HBO series ''[[Game of Thrones]]''.
Danish mass media and news programming are dominated by a few large corporations. In printed media [[JP/Politikens Hus]] and [[Berlingske Media]], between them, control the largest newspapers ''[[Politiken]]'', ''[[Berlingske Tidende]]'' and ''[[Jyllands-Posten]]'' and major tabloids ''[[B.T. (tabloid)|B.T.]]'' and ''[[Ekstra Bladet]]''. [[Television in Denmark|In television]], publicly owned stations [[DR (broadcaster)|DR]] and [[TV 2 (Denmark)|TV 2]] have large shares of the viewers.<ref>[http://tvm.gallup.dk/tvm/pm/default.htm ''TNS-Gallup'' meter] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219144649/http://tvm.gallup.dk/tvm/pm/default.htm |date=19 February 2014 }}; Television station viewer statistics, figures for July 2012 (week 28). Retrieved 20 July 2012.</ref> DR in particular is famous for its high quality TV-series often sold to foreign broadcasters and often with leading female characters like internationally known actresses [[Sidse Babett Knudsen]] and [[Sofie Gråbøl]]. In radio, DR has a near monopoly, currently broadcasting on all four nationally available [[FM broadcasting|FM]] channels, competing only with local stations.<ref>{{cite web|title=Commercial radio|url=http://www.kulturstyrelsen.dk/english/media/media-structure-radio-and-tv/non-public-service-media/commercial-radio-and-tv/commercial-radio/|publisher=Danish Agency for Culture|access-date=14 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140515001233/http://www.kulturstyrelsen.dk/english/media/media-structure-radio-and-tv/non-public-service-media/commercial-radio-and-tv/commercial-radio/|archive-date=15 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
=== Music ===
{{Main|Music of Denmark}}
{{See also|Music of the Faroe Islands|Music of Greenland}}
[[File:Carl Nielsen - Wind Quintet - 3. Praeludium - Adagio. Tema con variazioni - Un poco andantino, Min Jesus lad min hjerte få.ogg|thumb|upright=0.9|A sample from [[Carl Nielsen]]'s [[Wind Quintet (Nielsen)|Wind Quintet]] with the theme from ''Min Jesus, lad mit hjerte få'']]
Denmark and its multiple outlying islands have a [[Danish traditional music|wide range of folk traditions]]. The country's most famous classical composer is [[Carl Nielsen]] (1865–1931), especially remembered for his six symphonies and his [[Wind Quintet (Nielsen)|Wind Quintet]], while the [[Royal Danish Ballet]] specialises in the work of the Danish choreographer [[August Bournonville]]. The [[Royal Danish Orchestra]] is among the world's oldest orchestras.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Royal Danish Orchestra |url=http://kglteater.dk/about-us/the-royal-danish-orchestra |publisher=The Royal Danish Theatre |access-date=14 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140507235232/http://kglteater.dk/about-us/the-royal-danish-orchestra |archive-date=7 May 2014 }}</ref> Danes have distinguished themselves as [[jazz]] musicians, and the [[Copenhagen Jazz Festival]] has acquired international recognition.
The modern [[pop music|pop]] and rock scene has produced a few names of international fame, including [[Aqua (band)|Aqua]], [[Alphabeat]], [[D-A-D]], [[King Diamond]], [[Kashmir (band)|Kashmir]], [[Lukas Graham]], [[Mew (band)|Mew]], [[Michael Learns to Rock]], [[MØ]], [[Oh Land]], [[The Raveonettes]] and [[Volbeat]], among [[List of Danish bands|others]]. [[Lars Ulrich]], the drummer of the band [[Metallica]], has become the first Danish musician to be inducted into the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]].
[[Roskilde Festival]] near Copenhagen is the largest music festival in Northern Europe since 1971 and Denmark has many [[List of festivals in Denmark|recurring music festivals]] of all genres throughout, including [[Aarhus International Jazz Festival]], [[Skanderborg Festival]], The Blue Festival in Aalborg, Esbjerg International Chamber Music Festival and [[Skagen Festival]] among many others.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160516134259/http://gaffa.com/festivalguide/dk Festivalguide] Gaffa {{in lang|da}}</ref><ref>[http://www.visitdenmark.dk/da/danmark/musikfestivaler-i-danmark Musikfestivaler i Danmark] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160703105033/http://www.visitdenmark.dk/da/danmark/musikfestivaler-i-danmark |date=3 July 2016 }} VisitDenmark {{in lang|da}}</ref>
Denmark has participated in the [[Eurovision Song Contest]] since 1957 and has won the contest three times, in [[Eurovision Song Contest 1963|1963]], [[Eurovision Song Contest 2000|2000]] and [[Eurovision Song Contest 2013|2013]].
=== Architecture and design ===
{{Main|Architecture of Denmark|Danish design}}
[[File:Pv jensen-klint 05 grundtvig memorial church 1913-1940.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Grundtvig's Church]] in Copenhagen, an example of expressionist architecture]]
Denmark's architecture became firmly established in the [[Middle Ages]] when first [[Romanesque style|Romanesque]], then [[Gothic style|Gothic]] churches and cathedrals sprang up throughout the country. From the 16th century, Dutch and Flemish designers were brought to Denmark, initially to improve the country's fortifications, but increasingly to build magnificent royal castles and palaces in the [[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance]] style.
During the 17th century, many impressive buildings were built in the [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] style, both in the capital and the provinces. [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassicism]] from France was slowly adopted by native Danish architects who increasingly participated in defining architectural style. A productive period of [[Historicism (art)|Historicism]] ultimately merged into the 19th-century [[National Romantic style]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitdenmark.com/irland/en-ie/menu/turist/inspiration/detkulturelledanmark/arkitektur/danish-architecture-an-overview.htm |title=Danish Architecture: An Overview |access-date=19 July 2011 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719130528/http://www.visitdenmark.com/irland/en-ie/menu/turist/inspiration/detkulturelledanmark/arkitektur/danish-architecture-an-overview.htm |archive-date=19 July 2011 }}, ''Visit Denmark''. Retrieved 3 September 2011.</ref>
The 20th century brought along new architectural styles; including [[expressionist architecture|expressionism]], best exemplified by the designs of architect [[Peder Vilhelm Jensen-Klint]], which relied heavily on Scandinavian brick Gothic traditions; and [[Nordic Classicism]], which enjoyed brief popularity in the early decades of the century. It was in the 1960s that Danish architects such as [[Arne Jacobsen]] entered the world scene with their highly successful [[Danish Functionalist style|Functionalist architecture]]. This, in turn, has evolved into more recent world-class masterpieces including [[Jørn Utzon]]'s [[Sydney Opera House]] and [[Johan Otto von Spreckelsen]]'s [[Grande Arche]] de la Défense in Paris, paving the way for a number of contemporary Danish designers such as [[Bjarke Ingels]] to be rewarded for excellence both at home and abroad.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ambhanoi.um.dk/en/menu/InfoDenmark/Danish+Culture/Architecture/ |title=Architecture |access-date=6 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206051248/http://www.ambhanoi.um.dk/en/menu/InfoDenmark/Danish+Culture/Architecture/ |archive-date=6 February 2010 }}, Embassy of Denmark, Hanoi. Retrieved 3 October 2011.</ref>
Danish design is a term often used to describe a style of [[Functionalism (architecture)|functionalistic]] design and architecture that was developed in the mid-20th century, originating in Denmark. Danish design is typically applied to industrial design, furniture and household objects, which have won many international awards. The [[Royal Copenhagen|Royal Porcelain Factory]] is famous for the quality of its ceramics and export products worldwide. Danish design is also a well-known brand, often associated with world-famous, 20th-century designers and architects such as [[Børge Mogensen]], [[Finn Juhl]], [[Hans Wegner]], [[Arne Jacobsen]], [[Poul Henningsen]] and [[Verner Panton]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100522002856/http://en.ddc.dk/denmarkbydesign "Danish by Design"], ''DDC''. Retrieved 4 September 2011.</ref> Other designers of note include [[Kristian Solmer Vedel]] (1923–2003) in the area of industrial design, [[Jens Quistgaard]] (1919–2008) for kitchen furniture and implements and [[Ole Wanscher]] (1903–1985) who had a classical approach to furniture design.
=== Literature and philosophy ===
{{Main|Danish literature|Danish philosophy}}
[[File:Constantin Hansen 1836 - HC Andersen.jpg|thumb|upright|left|A portrait of [[Hans Christian Andersen]] (1836), by [[Christian Albrecht Jensen]]]]
The first known Danish literature is myths and [[Danish folklore|folklore]] from the 10th and 11th century. [[Saxo Grammaticus]], normally considered the first Danish writer, worked for bishop [[Absalon]] on a chronicle of [[History of Denmark|Danish history]] (''[[Gesta Danorum]]''). Very little is known of other Danish literature from the [[Middle Ages]]. With the [[Age of Enlightenment]] came [[Ludvig Holberg]] whose comedy plays are still being performed.
In the late 19th century, literature was seen as a way to influence society. Known as the [[Modern Breakthrough]], this movement was championed by [[Georg Brandes]], [[Henrik Pontoppidan]] (awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]]) and [[Jens Peter Jacobsen|J. P. Jacobsen]]. [[Romanticism]] influenced the renowned writer and poet [[Hans Christian Andersen]], known for his stories and [[fairy tale]]s, e.g. ''[[The Ugly Duckling]]'', ''[[The Little Mermaid]]'' and ''[[The Snow Queen]]''. In recent history [[Johannes Vilhelm Jensen]] was also awarded the [[Nobel Prize for Literature]]. [[Karen Blixen]] is famous for her novels and short stories. Other Danish writers of importance are [[Herman Bang]], [[Gustav Wied]], [[William Heinesen]], [[Martin Andersen Nexø]], [[Piet Hein (Denmark)|Piet Hein]], [[Hans Scherfig]], [[Klaus Rifbjerg]], [[Dan Turèll]], [[Tove Ditlevsen]], [[Inger Christensen]] and [[Peter Høeg]].
Danish philosophy has a long tradition as part of [[Western philosophy]]. Perhaps the most influential Danish philosopher was [[Søren Kierkegaard]], the creator of [[Christian existentialism]]. Kierkegaard had a few Danish followers, including [[Harald Høffding]], who later in his life moved on to join the movement of [[positivism]]. Among Kierkegaard's other followers include [[Jean-Paul Sartre]] who was impressed with Kierkegaard's views on the individual, and [[Rollo May]], who helped create [[humanistic psychology]]. Another Danish philosopher of note is [[N. F. S. Grundtvig|Grundtvig]], whose philosophy gave rise to a new form of non-aggressive nationalism in Denmark, and who is also influential for his theological and historical works.
=== Painting and photography ===
{{Main|Danish art|Photography in Denmark}}
[[File:C W Eckersberg 1841 - Kvinde foran et spejl.jpg|thumb|right|upright|''Woman in Front of a Mirror'', (1841), by [[Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg]]]]
While Danish art was influenced over the centuries by trends in Germany and the Netherlands, the 15th and 16th century [[church frescos in Denmark|church frescos]], which can be seen in many of the country's older churches, are of particular interest as they were painted in a style typical of native Danish painters.<ref>[http://www.panoramas.dk/kalkmalerier/ Wall Paintings in Danish Churches from Panoramas.dk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128170607/http://www.panoramas.dk/kalkmalerier/ |date=28 November 2009 }}. Retrieved 12 August 2009. Adopting the [[Biblia pauperum]] approach, they present many of the most popular stories from the [[Old Testament|Old]] and [[New Testament]]s.</ref>
The [[Danish Golden Age]], which began in the first half of the 19th century, was inspired by a new feeling of nationalism and romanticism, typified in the later previous century by [[History painting|history painter]] [[Nicolai Abildgaard]]. [[Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg]] was not only a productive artist in his own right but taught at the [[Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts]] where his students included notable painters such as [[Wilhelm Bendz]], [[Christen Købke]], [[Martinus Rørbye]], [[Constantin Hansen]], and [[Wilhelm Marstrand]].
In 1871, [[Holger Drachmann]] and [[Karl Madsen]] visited [[Skagen]] in the far north of [[Jutland]] where they quickly built up one of Scandinavia's most successful [[Skagen Painters|artists' colonies]] specialising in [[Naturalism (arts)|Naturalism]] and [[Realism (arts)|Realism]] rather than in the traditional approach favoured by the academy. Hosted by [[Michael Ancher|Michael]] and his wife [[Anna Ancher|Anna]], they were soon joined by [[P.S. Krøyer]], [[Carl Locher]] and [[Laurits Tuxen]]. All participated in painting the natural surroundings and local people.<ref>[http://www.answers.com/topic/skagen Art Encyclopedia: Skagen.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301150825/http://www.answers.com/topic/skagen |date=1 March 2012 }} Retrieved 9 December 2008.</ref> Similar trends developed on Funen with the ''[[Fynboerne]]'' who included [[Johannes Larsen]], [[Fritz Syberg]] and [[Peter Hansen (painter)|Peter Hansen]],<ref name=Funish>[http://www.johanneslarsenmuseet.dk/page.asp?sideid=2301&zcs=2200 "The Funish Art Colony"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418012953/http://www.johanneslarsenmuseet.dk/page.asp?sideid=2301&zcs=2200 |date=18 April 2013 }}, ''Johannes Larsen Museet''. Retrieved 12 August 2011.</ref> and on the island of Bornholm with the [[Bornholm school of painters]] including [[Niels Lergaard]], [[Kræsten Iversen]] and [[Oluf Høst]].<ref>[http://www.roughguides.com/travel/europe/denmark/introduction-to-denmark.aspx The Bornholm School from the Rough Guide to Denmark.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120162042/http://www.roughguides.com/travel/europe/denmark/introduction-to-denmark.aspx |date=20 January 2013 }} Retrieved 10 December 2008.</ref>
Painting has continued to be a prominent form of artistic expression in Danish culture, inspired by and also influencing major international trends in this area. These include [[impressionism]] and the modernist styles of [[expressionism]], [[abstract painting]] and [[surrealism]]. While international co-operation and activity has almost always been essential to the Danish artistic community, influential art collectives with a firm Danish base includes [[De Tretten]] (1909–1912), [[Linien]] (1930s and 1940s), [[COBRA (avant-garde movement)|COBRA]] (1948–1951), [[Fluxus]] (1960s and 1970s), [[Junge Wilde|De Unge Vilde]] (1980s) and more recently [[Superflex]] (founded in 1993). Most Danish painters of modern times have also been very active with other forms of artistic expressions, such as sculpting, ceramics, art installations, activism, film and experimental architecture. Notable Danish painters from modern times representing various [[art movements]] include [[Theodor Philipsen]] (1840–1920, impressionism and naturalism), [[Anna Klindt Sørensen]] (1899–1985, expressionism), [[Franciska Clausen]] (1899–1986, Neue Sachlichkeit, cubism, surrealism and others), [[Henry Heerup]] (1907–1993, naivism), [[Robert Jacobsen]] (1912–1993, abstract painting), [[Carl Henning Pedersen]] (1913–2007, abstract painting), [[Asger Jorn]] (1914–1973, Situationist, abstract painting), [[Bjørn Wiinblad]] (1918–2006, art deco, orientalism), [[Per Kirkeby]] (b. 1938, neo-expressionism, abstract painting), [[Per Arnoldi]] (b. 1941, pop art), [[Michael Kvium]] (b. 1955, neo-surrealism) and Simone Aaberg Kærn (b. 1969, superrealism).
Danish photography has developed from strong participation and interest in the very beginnings of the [[history of photography|art of photography]] in 1839 to the success of a considerable number of Danes in the world of photography today. Pioneers such as [[Mads Alstrup]] and [[Georg Emil Hansen]] paved the way for a rapidly growing profession during the last half of the 19th century. Today Danish photographers such as [[Astrid Kruse Jensen]] and [[Jacob Aue Sobol]] are active both at home and abroad, participating in key exhibitions around the world.<ref>[http://www.photography-now.com/popup_ausst_5.php?id_ausstellungen=T50624 Contemporary Danish Photography. From Photography-Now] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120707000845/http://www.photography-now.com/popup_ausst_5.php?id_ausstellungen=T50624 |date=7 July 2012 }} . Retrieved 28 January 2010.</ref>
=== Cuisine ===
{{Main|Danish cuisine}}
{{See also|Faroese cuisine|Greenlandic cuisine}}
[[File:Smørrebrød-01.jpg|thumb|left|''Smørrebrød'', a variety of Danish open sandwiches piled high with delicacies]]
The traditional [[cuisine]] of Denmark, like that of the other Nordic countries and of [[Northern Germany]], consists mainly of meat, fish and potatoes. Danish dishes are highly seasonal, stemming from the country's agricultural past, its geography, and its climate of long, cold winters.
The open sandwiches on rye bread, known as ''[[smørrebrød]]'', which in their basic form are the usual fare for lunch, can be considered a national speciality when prepared and decorated with a variety of fine ingredients. Hot meals traditionally consist of [[ground meat]]s, such as ''[[frikadeller]]'' (meat balls of veal and pork) and ''hakkebøf'' (minced beef patties), or of more substantial meat and fish dishes such as ''[[flæskesteg]]'' (roast pork with crackling) and ''kogt torsk'' (poached cod) with mustard sauce and trimmings. Denmark is known for its [[Carlsberg Group|Carlsberg]] and [[Tuborg]] beers and for its [[akvavit]] and [[bitters]].
Since around 1970, chefs and restaurants across Denmark have introduced [[gourmet]] cooking, largely influenced by [[French cuisine]]. Also inspired by continental practices, Danish chefs have recently developed a new innovative cuisine and a series of gourmet dishes based on high-quality local produce known as [[New Danish cuisine]].<ref>{{cite web|title=new nordic recipes|url=http://denmark.dk/en/lifestyle/food-drink/new-nordic-recipes|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark|access-date=15 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807191139/http://denmark.dk/en/lifestyle/food-drink/new-nordic-recipes/|archive-date=7 August 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> As a result of these developments, Denmark now have a considerable number of internationally acclaimed restaurants of which several have been awarded [[Michelin Guide|Michelin stars]]. This includes [[Geranium (restaurant)|Geranium]] and [[Noma (restaurant)|Noma]] in Copenhagen.
=== Sports ===
{{Main|Sport in Denmark}}
{{Hatnote|Also related: [[Sport in the Faroe Islands]] and [[Sport in Greenland]]}}
[[File:Michael Laudrup 2016c.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Michael Laudrup]], named the best Danish football player of all time by the Danish Football Union]]
<!--This section should be kept short and concise. Consider adding additional text to the main article.-->
Sports are popular in Denmark, and its citizens participate in and watch a wide variety. The [[national sport]] is [[association football|football]], with over 320,000 players in more than 1600 [[football club (association football)|clubs]].<ref>{{cite web|title=DIF specialforbunds medlems|url=http://public.tableausoftware.com/profile/#!/vizhome/DIFidraettenital2013-dif_dk/DIFmedl-foren-tal|publisher=Danmarks Idrætsforbund|access-date=15 June 2014|language=da|year=2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140526234318/http://public.tableausoftware.com/profile/#!/vizhome/DIFidraettenital2013-dif_dk/DIFmedl-foren-tal|archive-date=26 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Denmark qualified six times consecutively for the [[UEFA European Football Championship|European Championships]] between 1984 and 2004, and were crowned European champions in [[1992 UEFA European Football Championship|1992]]; other significant achievements include winning the Confederations Cup in 1995 and reaching the quarter-final of the 1998 World Cup. Notable Danish footballers include [[Allan Simonsen]], named the best player in Europe in 1977, [[Peter Schmeichel]], named the "World's Best Goalkeeper" in 1992 and 1993, and [[Michael Laudrup]], named the best Danish player of all time by the [[Danish Football Union]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Michael Laudrup bedste spiller gennem tiderne |publisher=DBU |date=13 November 2006 |url=http://www.dbu.dk/news/newsShow.aspx?id=235647 |access-date=18 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110517122915/http://www.dbu.dk/news/newsShow.aspx?id=235647 |archive-date=17 May 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>
There is much focus on [[handball]], too. The [[Denmark women's national handball team|women's national team]] celebrated great successes during the 1990s and has won a total of 13 medals – seven gold (in 1994, 1996 (2), 1997, 2000, 2002 and 2004), four silver (in 1962, 1993, 1998 and 2004) and two bronze (in 1995 and 2013). On the [[Denmark men's national handball team|men's side]], Denmark has won 12 medals—four gold (in 2008, 2012, 2016 and 2019), four silver (in 1967, 2011, 2013 and 2014) and four bronze (in 2002, 2004, 2006 and 2007)—the most that have been won by any team in [[European Men's Handball Championship|European Handball Championship]] history.<ref>{{cite web|title=National Team rankings|url=http://www.eurohandball.com/2013/article/011996|publisher=European Handball Federation|access-date=13 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203184111/http://www.eurohandball.com/2013/article/011996|archive-date=3 February 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2019, the Danish men's national handball team won their first [[Denmark men's national handball team#2019 World Championship|World Championship title]] in the tournament that was co-hosted between Germany and Denmark.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}}
In recent years, Denmark has made a mark as a strong [[cycle sport|cycling]] nation, with [[Michael Rasmussen (cyclist)|Michael Rasmussen]] reaching [[King of the Mountains]] status in the [[Tour de France]] in 2005 and 2006. Other popular sports include golf—which is mostly popular among those in the older demographic;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dif.dk/OmDIF/Forside/Idraetten%20i%20tal/medlemstal.aspx |title=Om DIF – Medlemstal |access-date=16 July 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716195104/http://www.dif.dk/OmDIF/Forside/Idraetten%20i%20tal/medlemstal.aspx |archive-date=16 July 2007 }} {{in lang|da}}, ''The National Olympic Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark''</ref> [[tennis]]—in which Denmark is successful on a professional level; [[basketball]]—Denmark joined the international governing body [[FIBA]] in 1951;<ref>[http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/271/nfProf.html Profile | Denmark] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114021234/http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/271/nfProf.html |date=14 November 2015 }}, Fiba.com. Retrieved 24 September 2015.</ref> rugby—the [[Danish Rugby Union]] dates back to 1950;<ref>Bath, Richard (ed.) ''The Complete Book of Rugby'' (Seven Oaks Ltd, 1997 {{ISBN|978-1-86200-013-1}}) p66. Archived from July 2007 and Retrieved June 2012.</ref> [[ice hockey]]— often competing in the top division in the Men's World Championships; rowing—Denmark specialise in lightweight rowing and are particularly known for their lightweight coxless four, having won six gold and two silver World Championship medals and three gold and two bronze [[Olympic Games|Olympic]] medals; and several indoor sports—especially [[badminton]], [[table tennis]] and gymnastics, in each of which Denmark holds World Championships and [[Denmark at the Olympics|Olympic medals]]. Denmark's numerous beaches and resorts are popular locations for fishing, canoeing, kayaking, and many other water-themed sports.
<!--This section should be kept short and concise.-->
== See also ==
{{Portal|Denmark|Faroe Islands}}
* [[Index of Denmark-related articles]]
* [[Outline of Denmark]]
*[[Religion in Denmark]]
{{-}}
== Explanatory notes ==
{{reflist|group="N"|30em}}
== Citations ==
{{reflist|30em}}
== General and cited sources==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book|last1=Stone|first1=Andrew|last2=Bain|first2=Carolyn|last3=Booth|first3=Michael|last4=Parnell|first4=Fran|title=Denmark|date=2008|publisher=Lonely Planet|location=Footscray, Victoria|isbn=978-1-74104-669-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/lonelyplanetdenm00andr/page/31 31]|edition=5th|url=https://archive.org/details/lonelyplanetdenm00andr|url-access=registration}}
* {{in lang|da}} Busck, Steen and Poulsen, Henning (ed.), "Danmarks historie – i grundtræk", Aarhus Universitetsforlag, 2002, {{ISBN|978-87-7288-941-2}}
* {{cite book |title= Den oövervinnerlige|last=Englund|first=Peter|authorlink=Peter_Englund|year=2000|publisher=Atlantis|location=Stockholm|isbn=978-91-7486-999-6|language=sv}}
* {{cite book |title= The Northern Wars (1558–1721)|first=Robert I.|last=Frost|year=2000|publisher=Pearson Education|isbn=978-0-582-06429-4}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Gammelgaard |first1=Frederik |last2=Sørensen |first2=Niels
|year=1998
|title=Danmark – en demokratisk stat
|publisher=Alinea
|isbn=978-87-23-00280-8|language=da}}
* {{cite book |title= Karl X Gustavs krig|last=Isacson |first= Claes-Göran |year= 2002 |publisher= Historiska Media |location= Lund |isbn= 978-91-85057-25-2|language=sv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Jørgensen |first=Gitte
|year=1995
|title=Sådan styres Danmark
|publisher=Flachs
|isbn=978-87-7826-031-4|language=da}}
* {{in lang|da}} Michaelsen, Karsten Kjer, "Politikens bog om Danmarks oldtid", Politikens Forlag (1. bogklubudgave), 2002, {{ISBN|978-87-00-69328-9}}
* {{in lang|sv}} Nationalencyklopedin, vol. 4, Bokförlaget Bra Böcker, 2000, {{ISBN|978-91-7024-619-7}}.
{{refend}}
== External links ==
{{Sister project links|Denmark|b=no|q=no|v=no|voy=Denmark}}
{{Scholia|country}}
* [http://www.denmark.dk/ Denmark.dk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201211054513/http://www.denmark.dk/ |date=11 December 2020 }}
* [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/denmark/ Denmark]. ''[[The World Factbook]]''. [[Central Intelligence Agency]].
* [https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/157748/Denmark Denmark] entry at ''[[Britannica.com]]''.
* {{cite EB9 |wstitle = Denmark |volume= VII |last= Gosse |first= Edmund William |author-link= Edmund Gosse | pages = 80–94 |short=1}}
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Denmark | volume= 8 |last= Gosse |first= Edmund William |author-link= Edmund Gosse | pages = 23–44 |short= 1}}
* {{Cite EB1922 |wstitle= Denmark |volume= 30 |last= Kristiansen |first= M. |short= 1}}
* {{curlie|Regional/Europe/Denmark}}
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17929661 Denmark profile] from the [[BBC News]].
* [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=DK Key Development Forecasts for Denmark] from [[International Futures]].
{{Denmark topics}}
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New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext ) | '{{Short description|Country in Northern Europe}}
{{About|the metropolitan Denmark|the sovereign state|Danish Realm|all other uses}}
{{Pp-vandalism|small=yes}}
<!--Please DO NOT put information about the Faroe Islands and Greenland in the article, this article is about "Denmark proper" which excludes Greenland and the Faroe Islands.-->
{{Coord|56|N|10|E|type:country_scale:3000000_region:DK|display=title}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox political division
| name = Denmark<!--Do not change to Kingdom of Denmark; it has its own article.-->
| native_name = {{native name|da|Danmark}}<!--Do not change to Kingdom of Denmark; it has its own article.-->
| settlement_type = [[Danish Realm|Constituent country in the Kingdom of Denmark]]
| image_flag = Flag of Denmark.svg
| flag_size = 125
| flag_link = Flag of Denmark
| image_seal = National Coat of arms of Denmark.svg
| seal_size = 65px
| seal_type = Coat of arms
| seal_link = Coat of arms of Denmark
| motto = {{native name|da|Guds hjælp, folkets kærlighed, Danmarks styrke}}<ref group="N">"Guds hjælp, folkets kærlighed, Danmarks styrke" has been adopted by Queen Margrethe II as her Language of Choice (valgsprog).</ref><br />({{Lang-en|"God's help, the love of the people, Denmark's strength"}}<ref>{{cite web |title = Royal House |url = https://www.kongehuset.dk/en/the-royal-house/regentparret/hm-the-queen |publisher = [[Royal House of Denmark]] |website = www.kongehuset.dk|access-date = 7 October 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151223021154/http://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/monarchytheroyalcourt/themonarchyinsweden/mottoesofthemonarchs.4.396160511584257f2180004713.html |archive-date = 23 December 2015 |url-status=live |df = dmy-all }}</ref>)
| anthem = {{native name|da|[[Der er et yndigt land]]|link=on}}<br />({{lang-en|"There is a lovely country"}})<div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">{{center|[[File:United States Navy Band - Der er et yndigt land.ogg]]}}</div>
| song = {{native name|da|[[Kong Christian stod ved højen mast]]|link=on}}{{refn|''Kong Christian'' has equal status as a [[national anthem]] but is generally used only on [[Honors music|royal]] and military occasions.<ref>{{cite web|title=Not one but two national anthems|url=http://denmark.dk/en/quick-facts/national-anthems/|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark]]|access-date=18 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140515093426/http://denmark.dk/en/quick-facts/national-anthems|archive-date=15 May 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>|group="N"}}<br />({{lang-en|"King Christian stood by the lofty mast"}})<div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">{{center|[[File:United States Navy Band - Kong Kristian stod ved højen mast.ogg]]}}</div>
| song_type = '''National and royal anthem'''
| image_map = EU-Denmark.svg
| map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=dark green |country=metropolitan Denmark<ref name="proper" group="N" /> |region=Europe |region_color=dark grey |subregion=the European Union |subregion_color=green}}
| subdivision_type = [[Sovereign state]]
| subdivision_name = [[Danish Realm|Kingdom of Denmark]]
| established_title = [[History of Denmark#Middle ages|Consolidation]]
| established_date = {{circa}} 8th century{{sfn|Stone|Bain|Booth|Parnell|2008|p=31}}
| established_title2 = Christianization
| established_date2 = {{circa}} 965<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/denmark/ |title=Denmark |date=29 April 2010 |work=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] |access-date=11 May 2010}}</ref>
| established_title3 = {{nowrap|[[Constitution of Denmark|Constitutional Act]]}}
| established_date3 = 5 June 1849
| established_title4 = Faroese home rule
| established_date4 = 24 March 1948
| established_title5 = [[European Economic Community|EEC]] [[1973 enlargement of the European Communities|accession]]
| established_date5 = 1 January 1973
| established_title6 = Greenlandic home rule
| established_date6 = 1 May 1979
| official_languages = [[Danish language|Danish]]
| languages_type = [[Regional language]]s
| languages_sub = yes
| languages = [[German language|German]]<ref group="N">German is recognised as a protected minority language in the South Jutland area of Denmark.</ref>
| demonym = {{hlist|[[Danes|Danish]]|[[Danes|Dane]]}}
| capital = [[Copenhagen]]
| largest_city = capital
| coordinates = {{Coord|55|43|N|12|34|E|type:city}}
| ethnic_groups = {{ublist |item_style=white-space;
|86.11% [[Danes|Danish]]{{refn|group="N"|including [[Faroese people|Faroese]], [[Indigenous peoples|indigenous group]] [[Greenlandic Inuit|Inuit]], and [[minority group]] [[North Schleswig Germans|German]]}}
|13.89% [[Immigration to Denmark|Others]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/ltc/1997/97|title=Bekendtgørelse af ILO-konvention nr. 169 af 28. juni 1989 vedrørende oprindelige folk og stammefolk i selvstændige stater|date=9 October 1997|website=Retsinformation.dk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://um.dk/da/udenrigspolitik/lande-og-regioner/den-dansk-tyske-mindretalsordning/|title=Den dansk-tyske mindretalsordning|website=UM.dk}}</ref>}}
| ethnic_groups_year = 2020
| religion = {{ublist |item_style=white-space;
|75.8% [[Christianity in Denmark|Christianity]]
|—74.3% [[Church of Denmark]]
|—1.5% Other [[Christians|Christian]]
|19.1% [[Irreligion|No religion]]
|4.4% [[Islam in Denmark|Islam]]
|0.7% [[Religion in Denmark|Others]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.km.dk/folkekirken/kirkestatistik/folkekirkens-medlemstal/|title=Folkekirkens medlemstal|publisher=Kirkeministeriet|language=da|access-date=6 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.religion.dk/religionsanalysen/hvor-mange-indvandrer-lever-i-danmark|title=Hvor mange muslimer bor der i Danmark?|publisher=Religion.dk|date=8 February 2018|last=Arly Jacobsen|first=Brian|language=da|access-date=6 January 2021}}</ref>}}
| religion_year = 2020
| government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary]] [[constitutional monarchy]]
| leader_title1 = [[Monarchy of Denmark|Monarch]]
| leader_name1 = [[Margrethe II of Denmark|Margrethe II]]
| leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Denmark|Prime Minister]]
| leader_name2 = [[Mette Frederiksen]]
| leader_title3 = [[List of speakers of the Folketing|Speaker of the Folketing]]
| leader_name3 = [[Henrik Dam Kristensen]]
| national_representation = [[European Parliament]]
| national_representation_type1 = [[Denmark (European Parliament constituency)|Denmark constituency]]
| national_representation1 = [[2019 European Parliament election in Denmark|14 seats]]
| legislature = ''[[Folketing]]''
| area_km2 = 42933<ref name=area /><!--{{As of|2017}}-->
| area_rank = 130th
| area_sq_mi = 16576.5<!--Do not remove per [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]-->
| percent_water = 1.74<ref>{{cite web|title=Surface water and surface water change|access-date=11 October 2020|publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD)|url=https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER#}}</ref>
| elevation_max_m = 170.86
| elevation_max_ft =
| elevation_max_point = [[Møllehøj]]
| population_estimate = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 5,913,538<ref>{{cite web|title=Population and population projections|url=https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/emner/befolkning-og-valg/befolkning-og-befolkningsfremskrivning|publisher=Statistics Denmark|access-date=11 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030090527/https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/emner/befolkning-og-valg/befolkning-og-befolkningsfremskrivning|archive-date=30 October 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref group="N">The Kingdom has a total population of 5,958,380.</ref> ([[List of countries by population|114th]])
| population_estimate_year = Q3 2022
| population_density_km2 = 137.73
| GDP_PPP = {{increase}}$406.011 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=70&pr.y=7&sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=193,946,122,137,124,546,156,181,423,138,935,196,128,142,939,182,172,359,132,135,134,576,174,936,532,961,176,184,178,144,436,146,136,528,158,112,542,111,941&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Denmark |publisher=International Monetary Fund |access-date=27 October 2021 |archive-url= https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/October/weo-report?c=512,914,612,171,614,311,213,911,314,193,122,912,313,419,513,316,913,124,339,638,514,218,963,616,223,516,918,748,618,624,522,622,156,626,628,228,924,233,632,636,634,238,662,960,423,935,128,611,321,243,248,469,253,642,643,939,734,644,819,172,132,646,648,915,134,652,174,328,258,656,654,336,263,268,532,944,176,534,536,429,433,178,436,136,343,158,439,916,664,826,542,967,443,917,544,941,446,666,668,672,946,137,546,674,676,548,556,678,181,867,682,684,273,868,921,948,943,686,688,518,728,836,558,138,196,278,692,694,962,142,449,564,565,283,853,288,293,566,964,182,359,453,968,922,714,862,135,716,456,722,942,718,724,576,936,961,813,726,199,733,184,524,361,362,364,732,366,144,146,463,528,923,738,578,537,742,866,369,744,186,925,869,746,926,466,112,111,298,927,846,299,582,487,474,754,698,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2022&ey=2022&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1|archive-date=18 October 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref group="N" name="denonly group=N" />
| GDP_PPP_year = 2022
| GDP_PPP_rank = 53nd
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}}$69,273<ref name=imf2 />
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 11th
| GDP_nominal = {{increase}}$399.1 billion<ref name=imf2 /><ref group="N" name="denonly group=N" />
| GDP_nominal_year = 2022
| GDP_nominal_rank = 40th
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}}$68,094<ref name=imf2 />
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 10th
| Gini = 27.0 <!--number only-->
| Gini_year = 2021
| Gini_change = decrease <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table?lang=en |title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey |publisher=[[Eurostat]] |website=ec.europa.eu |access-date=21 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320064533/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=tessi190&plugin=1 |archive-date=20 March 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| HDI = 0.948
| HDI_year = 2021<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year-->
| HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2021/2022|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=8 September 2022|access-date=8 September 2022}}</ref>
| HDI_rank = 6th
| currency = [[Danish krone]] (kr.) ([[ISO 4217|DKK]])<ref group="N">In the Faroe Islands the currency has a separate design and is known as the [[Faroese króna|króna]], but is not a separate currency.</ref>
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +01:00
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +02:00
| date_format = {{abbr|dd|day}}/{{abbr|mm|month}}/{{abbr|yyyy|year}}
| electricity = 230 V–50 Hz
| drives_on = right
| calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Denmark|+45]]
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:DK|DK]]
| cctld = [[.dk]]<ref group="N">The [[top-level domain name]] [[.eu]] is shared with other [[European Union]] countries.</ref>
}}
'''Denmark''' ({{lang-da|Danmark}}, {{IPA-da|ˈtænmɑk|pron|DA-Danmark.ogg}}) is a [[Nordic countries|Nordic country]] in [[Northern Europe]]. It is the most populous and politically central constituent of the [[Danish Realm|Kingdom of Denmark]],<ref group="N">{{lang-da|Kongeriget Danmark}}, {{IPA-da|ˈkʰɔŋəʁiːð̩ ˈtænmɑk|pron|Kongeriget Danmark.ogg}}</ref> a constitutionally [[unitary state]] that includes the [[Autonomous administrative division|autonomous territories]] of the [[Faroe Islands]] and [[Greenland]] in the North [[Atlantic Ocean]].<ref name="territory">* {{Cite web|last=Benedikter|first=Thomas|date=19 June 2006|title=The working autonomies in Europe|url=http://www.gfbv.it/3dossier/eu-min/autonomy.html|publisher=[[Society for Threatened Peoples]]|quote=Denmark has established very specific territorial autonomies with its two island territories|access-date=8 June 2012|archive-date=9 March 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309063149/http://www.gfbv.it/3dossier/eu-min/autonomy.html|url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite web|last=Ackrén|first=Maria|date=November 2017|title=Greenland|url=http://www.world-autonomies.info/tas/Greenland/Pages/default.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830110832/http://www.world-autonomies.info/tas/Greenland/Pages/default.aspx|archive-date=30 August 2019|access-date=30 August 2019|publisher=Autonomy Arrangements in the World|quote=Faroese and Greenlandic are seen as official regional languages in the self-governing territories belonging to Denmark.}}
* {{Cite web|date=3 June 2013|title=Greenland|url=https://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/countries/greenland_en|access-date=27 August 2019|website=International Cooperation and Development|publisher=[[European Commission]]|language=en|quote=Greenland [...] is an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark}}</ref> European Denmark<ref name="proper" group="N" /> is the southernmost of the [[Scandinavia]]n countries, lying southwest of [[Sweden]], south of [[Norway]],<ref group="N">The island of [[Bornholm]] is offset to the east of the rest of the country, in the Baltic Sea.</ref> and north of [[Germany]].
Spanning a total area of {{convert|42943|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}},<ref name="area">{{cite web|title=Area|url=https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/emner/geografi-miljoe-og-energi/areal/areal|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414212058/https://www.dst.dk/en/Statistik/emner/geografi-miljoe-og-energi/areal/areal|archive-date=14 April 2019|publisher=Statistics Denmark}}</ref> it consists of the peninsula of [[Jutland]] and an [[archipelago]] of [[List of islands of Denmark|443 named islands]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Denmark in numbers 2010|url=http://www.dst.dk/pukora/epub/upload/14847/dkital.pdf|publisher=Statistics Denmark|access-date=2 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418081728/http://www.dst.dk/pukora/epub/upload/14847/dkital.pdf|archive-date=18 April 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> of which the largest are [[Zealand]], [[Funen]] and the [[North Jutlandic Island]]. Denmark's geography is characterised by flat, [[arable land]], sandy coasts, low elevation, and a [[temperate climate]]. As of 2022, it had a population of 5.91 million (1 August 2022), of which 800,000 live in the [[Capital city|capital]] and largest city, [[Copenhagen]].<ref name="pop1" /> Denmark exercises [[Hegemony|hegemonic]] influence in the [[Danish Realm]], [[Devolution|devolving]] powers to handle internal affairs. [[Home rule]] was established in the Faroe Islands in 1948 and in [[Greenland]] in 1979; the latter obtained [[2008 Greenlandic self-government referendum|further autonomy]] in 2009.
The [[History of Denmark|unified kingdom of Denmark]] emerged in the eighth century as a proficient maritime power amid the struggle for [[Dominium maris baltici|control of the Baltic Sea]].{{sfn|Stone|Bain|Booth|Parnell|2008|p=31}} In 1397, it joined Norway and Sweden to form the [[Kalmar Union]], which persisted until [[Swedish War of Liberation|the latter's secession]] in 1523. The remaining Kingdom of [[Denmark–Norway]] endured a [[Northern Wars|series of wars]] in the 17th century that resulted in further [[cession|territorial cession]]s to the [[Swedish Empire]]. Following the [[Napoleonic Wars]], Norway was absorbed into Sweden, leaving Denmark with the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and [[Iceland]]. A surge of [[History of Denmark#The 19th century|nationalist movements]] in the 19th century were defeated in the [[First Schleswig War]] of 1848, though the [[Second Schleswig War]] of 1864 resulted in further [[Duchy of Schleswig|territorial losses]] to [[Prussia]]. The period saw the adoption of the [[Constitution of Denmark]] on 5 June 1849, ending the [[absolute monarchy]] that was established in 1660 and introducing the current parliamentary system.
An industrialised exporter of [[Agriculture|agricultural]] produce in the second half of the 19th century, Denmark introduced [[Kanslergade Agreement|social and labour-market reforms]] in the early 20th century, which formed the basis for the present [[welfare state]] [[Nordic model|model]] and advanced [[mixed economy]]. [[Denmark during World War I|Denmark remained neutral]] during [[World War I]] but regained the northern half of Schleswig in 1920. Danish neutrality was violated in World War II following a swift [[German invasion of Denmark (1940)|German invasion]] in April 1940. During occupation, a [[Danish resistance movement|resistance movement]] emerged in 1943 while Iceland declared independence in 1944; Denmark was [[Denmark in World War II#Hardship and the end of the war|liberated]] in May 1945. In 1973, Denmark, together with [[Withdrawal of Greenland from the European Communities|Greenland]] but not the [[Faroe Islands|Faroes]], became a member of what is now the [[European Union]], but negotiated [[Opt-outs in the European Union|certain opt-outs]], such as retaining its own currency, the [[Danish krone|krone]].
Denmark is a [[developed country|highly developed country]] with a high [[standard of living]]: the country performs at or near the top in measures of [[Education Index|education]], [[Healthcare in Denmark|health care]], [[Freedom in the World|civil liberties]], [[Democracy Index|democratic governance]] and [[LGBT rights in Denmark|LGBT equality]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/22/denmark-happiest-country_n_4070761.html|title=Denmark Is Considered The Happiest Country. You'll Never Guess Why.|first=Meredith|last=Melnick|date=22 October 2013|work=The Huffington Post|access-date=23 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023134428/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/22/denmark-happiest-country_n_4070761.html|archive-date=23 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Democracy_Index" /><ref>[http://www.legatum.com/article/Legatum-Prosperity-Index-Global-prosperity-rising-while-US-and-UK-economies-decline 2013 Legatum Prosperity Index™: Global prosperity rising while US and UK economies decline]. ''[[Legatum Institute]]'', 29 October 2013. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806123613/http://www.legatum.com/article/Legatum-Prosperity-Index-Global-prosperity-rising-while-US-and-UK-economies-decline |date=6 August 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Denmark Country Profile: Human Development Indicators |url=http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/DNK.html |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |access-date=19 April 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130328232058/http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/DNK.html |archive-date=28 March 2013 }}</ref> Denmark is a founding member of [[NATO]], the [[Nordic Council]], the [[OECD]], [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe|OSCE]], and the [[United Nations]]; it is also part of the [[Schengen Area]]. Denmark maintains close political, cultural, and linguistic ties with its Scandinavian neighbours, with the [[Danish language]] being partially [[Mutual intelligibility|mutually intelligible]] with both [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] and [[Swedish language|Swedish]].
== Etymology ==
{{Main|Etymology of Denmark}}
The etymology of the name "Denmark", the relationship between "Danes" and "Denmark", and the emergence of Denmark as a unified kingdom are topics of continuous scholarly debate.<ref>Kristian Andersen Nyrup, Middelalderstudier [http://www.nyrups.dk/Historie/MiddelalderIndex.htm Bog IX. Kong Gorms Saga] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109141345/http://www.nyrups.dk/Historie/MiddelalderIndex.htm |date=9 January 2010 }}</ref><ref>''Indvandrerne i Danmarks historie'', Bent Østergaard, Syddansk Universitetsforlag 2007, {{ISBN|978-87-7674-204-1}}, pp. 19–24</ref> This is centred primarily on the prefix ''"Dan"'' and whether it refers to the [[Danes (Germanic tribe)|Dani]] or a historical person [[Dan (king)|Dan]] and the exact meaning of the -''"mark"'' ending.
Most etymological dictionaries and handbooks derive "Dan" from a word meaning "flat land",<ref name="et1" /> related to German {{lang|de|Tenne}} "threshing floor", English ''den'' "cave".<ref name="et1">[[Jan de Vries (philologist)|J. de Vries]], ''Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch'', 1962, 73; [[:da:Niels Åge Nielsen|N. Å. Nielsen]], ''Dansk etymologisk ordbog'', 1989, 85–96.</ref> The element ''mark'' is believed to mean [[woodland]] or [[border]]land (see [[March (territory)|marches]]), with probable references to the border forests in south [[Duchy of Schleswig|Schleswig]].<ref>Navneforskning, Københavns Universitet{{cite web|url=http://navneforskning.ku.dk/stednavne.doc/betydninger.doc |title=Udvalgte stednavnes betydning |access-date=27 January 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060716144406/http://navneforskning.ku.dk/stednavne.doc/betydninger.doc |archive-date=16 July 2006 }}</ref>
The first recorded use of the word ''Danmark'' within Denmark itself is found on the two [[Jelling stones]], which are [[runestone]]s believed to have been erected by [[Gorm the Old]] ({{circa|955}}) and [[Harald Bluetooth]] ({{circa|965}}). The larger of the two stones is popularly cited as the "baptismal certificate" ({{lang|da|dåbsattest}}) of Denmark,<ref>{{cite book |last=O'Donoghue |first=Heather |title=Old Norse-Icelandic Literature: A Short Introduction |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lY-g2MTFh9gC&pg=PT27 |year=2008 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-0-470-77683-4 |page=27 |access-date=21 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412172508/https://books.google.com/books?id=lY-g2MTFh9gC&pg=PT27 |archive-date=12 April 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> though both use the word "Denmark", in the [[Accusative case|accusative]] {{runic|ᛏᛅᚾᛘᛅᚢᚱᚴ}} {{lang|non|tanmaurk}} ({{IPA|[danmɒrk]}}) on the large stone, and the [[Genitive case|genitive]] {{runic|ᛏᛅᚾᛘᛅᚱᚴᛅᚱ}} "tanmarkar" (pronounced {{IPA|[danmarkaɽ]}}) on the small stone, while the [[Dative case|dative]] form ''tąnmarku'' (pronounced {{IPA|[danmarkʊ]}}) is found on the contemporaneous Skivum stone. The inhabitants of Denmark are there called {{lang|da|tani}} ({{IPA|[danɪ]}}), or "Danes", in the accusative.
== History ==
{{Main|History of Denmark}}
{{Hatnote|Also related: [[History of the Faroe Islands]] and [[History of Greenland]]}}
=== Prehistory ===
[[File:Solvognen-00100.jpg|thumb|left|The gilded side of the [[Trundholm sun chariot]] dating from the Nordic Bronze Age]]
The earliest [[Archaeology of Denmark|archaeological finds in Denmark]] date back to the [[Eemian|Eem interglacial period]] from 130,000 to 110,000 [[Anno Domini|BC]].<ref>Michaelsen (2002), p. 19.</ref> Denmark has been inhabited since around 12,500 BC and agriculture has been evident since 3900 BC.<ref name="foreign ministry">{{cite web|last=Nielsen|first=Poul Otto|date=May 2003|url=http://www.um.dk/Publikationer/UM/English/Denmark/kap6/6-1.asp|title=Denmark: History, Prehistory|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark]]|access-date=1 May 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051122020555/http://www.um.dk/Publikationer/UM/English/Denmark/kap6/6-1.asp |archive-date=22 November 2005}}</ref> The [[Nordic Bronze Age]] (1800–600 BC) in Denmark was marked by [[Tumulus|burial mounds]], which left an abundance of findings including [[lur]]s and the [[Trundholm sun chariot|Sun Chariot]].
During the [[Pre-Roman Iron Age]] (500 BC – AD 1), native groups began migrating south, and the first tribal [[Danes (Germanic tribe)|Danes]] came to the country between the Pre-Roman and the [[Germanic Iron Age]],<ref>Busck and Poulsen (ed.) (2002), p. 20.</ref> in the [[Roman Iron Age]] (AD 1–400).<ref name="foreign ministry" /> The [[Roman province]]s maintained [[trade route]]s and relations with native tribes in Denmark, and [[Roman currency|Roman coins]] have been found in Denmark. Evidence of strong [[Celtic nations|Celtic]] cultural influence dates from this period in Denmark and much of North-West Europe and is among other things reflected in the finding of the [[Gundestrup cauldron]].
The tribal Danes came from the east [[List of islands of Denmark|Danish islands]] ([[Zealand]]) and [[Scania]] and spoke an early form of [[North Germanic languages|North Germanic]]. Historians believe that before their arrival, most of [[Jutland]] and the nearest islands were settled by tribal [[Jutes]]. The Jutes migrated to [[Great Britain]] eventually, some as mercenaries of [[Brythonic languages|Brythonic]] King [[Vortigern]], and were granted the south-eastern territories of [[Kent]], the [[Isle of Wight]] and other areas, where they settled. They were later absorbed or [[ethnic cleansing|ethnically cleansed]] by the invading [[Angles]] and [[Saxons]], who formed the [[Anglo-Saxons]]. The remaining [[Jutes|Jutish]] population in Jutland assimilated in with the settling [[Danes (Germanic tribe)|Danes]].
A short note about the ''Dani'' in ''[[Getica]]'' by the historian [[Jordanes]] is believed to be an early mention of the Danes, one of the [[ethnic group]]s from whom modern [[Danes]] are descended.<ref>{{cite web |author=Jordanes |others=[[Charles C. Mierow]] (trans.) |date=22 April 1997 |url=http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~vandersp/Courses/texts/jordgeti.html#III |title=The Origin and Deeds of the Goths, chapter III |access-date=1 May 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060424044148/http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~vandersp/Courses/texts/jordgeti.html#III |archive-date=24 April 2006 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Busck and Poulsen (ed.) (2002), p. 19.</ref> The [[Danevirke]] defence structures were built in phases from the 3rd century forward and the sheer size of the construction efforts in AD 737 are attributed to the emergence of a Danish king.<ref name="danevirke">Michaelsen (2002), pp. 122–23.</ref> A [[Younger Futhark|new runic alphabet]] was first used around the same time and [[Ribe]], the oldest town of Denmark, was founded about AD 700.
=== Viking and Middle Ages ===
{{Main|Viking Age|Kalmar Union}}
[[File:Ladbyskibet.jpg|thumb|The [[Ladby ship]], the largest ship burial found in Denmark.]]
From the 8th to the 10th century the wider [[History of Scandinavia|Scandinavian]] region was the source of [[Vikings]]. They colonised, raided, and traded in all parts of Europe. The Danish Vikings were most active in the eastern and southern [[British Isles]] and [[Western Europe]]. They settled in parts of [[England]] (known as the [[Danelaw]]) under King [[Sweyn Forkbeard]] in 1013, and in [[France]] where Danes and Norwegians were allowed to settle in what would become [[Normandy]] in exchange of allegiance to [[Robert I of France]] with [[Rollo]] as first ruler. Some [[Anglo-Saxons|Anglo-Saxon]] [[pence]] of this period have been found in Denmark.<ref name="Lund">*{{cite web|last=Lund |first=Niels |date=May 2003 |url=http://www.um.dk/Publikationer/UM/English/Denmark/kap6/6-2.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510174200/http://www.um.dk/Publikationer/UM/English/Denmark/kap6/6-2.asp |archive-date=10 May 2006 |title=Denmark – History – The Viking Age |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark]] |access-date=24 June 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
[[File:Jellingsten stor 1.jpg|thumb|left|upright|alt=Large stone containing a carved depiction of Jesus Christ|Larger of the two Jelling stones, raised by [[Harald Bluetooth]]]]
Denmark was largely consolidated by the late 8th century and its rulers are consistently referred to in [[Frankish language|Frankish]] sources as kings (''reges''). Under the reign of [[Gudfred]] in 804 the Danish kingdom may have included all the [[Lands of Denmark|lands]] of Jutland, [[Scania]] and the Danish islands, excluding Bornholm.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UmFrVUb5DSwC&pg=PA76|title=Christianization and the Rise of Christian Monarchy: Scandinavia, Central Europe and Rus' c.900–1200|first=Nora|last=Berend|date=22 November 2007|publisher=Cambridge University Press|via=Google Books|isbn=978-1-139-46836-7}}</ref>
The extant Danish monarchy traces its roots back to [[Gorm the Old]], who established his reign in the early 10th century.{{sfn|Stone|Bain|Booth|Parnell|2008|p=31}} As attested by the [[Jelling stones]], the Danes were [[Christianised]] around 965 by [[Harald Bluetooth]], the son of [[Gorm the Old|Gorm]]. It is believed that Denmark became Christian for political reasons so as not to get invaded by the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. A rising Christian power in Europe, the Holy Roman Empire was an important trading partner for the Danes. As a deterrent against this threat, Harald built six [[fortresses]] around Denmark called [[Viking ring fortress|Trelleborg]] and built a further [[Danevirke]]. In the early 11th century, [[Canute the Great]] won and united Denmark, England, and [[Norway]] for almost 30 years with a Scandinavian army.<ref name="Lund" />
Throughout the [[High Middle Ages|High]] and [[Late Middle Ages]], Denmark also included [[Skåneland]] (the areas of Scania, [[Halland]], and [[Blekinge]] in present-day south Sweden) and Danish kings ruled [[Danish Estonia]], as well as the [[duchy|duchies]] of [[Schleswig]] and [[Holstein]]. Most of the latter two now form the state of [[Schleswig-Holstein]] in northern Germany.
In 1397, Denmark entered into a [[personal union]] with [[Norway]] and [[Sweden–Finland|Sweden]], united under Queen [[Margaret I of Denmark|Margaret I]].{{sfn|Stone|Bain|Booth|Parnell|2008|p=33}} The three countries were to be treated as equals in the union. However, even from the start, Margaret may not have been so idealistic—treating Denmark as the clear "senior" partner of the union.<ref name="Lauring">Lauring, Palle (1960) ''A History of the Kingdom of Denmark'', Host & Son Co.: Copenhagen, p. 108.</ref> Thus, much of the next 125 years of [[History of Scandinavia|Scandinavian history]] revolves around this union, with Sweden breaking off and being re-conquered repeatedly. The issue was for practical purposes resolved on 17 June 1523, as [[List of Swedish monarchs|Swedish King]] [[Gustav I of Sweden|Gustav Vasa]] conquered the city of [[Stockholm]]. The [[Protestant Reformation]] spread to Scandinavia in the 1530s, and following the [[Count's Feud]] civil war, [[Reformation in Denmark–Norway and Holstein|Denmark converted]] to [[Lutheranism]] in 1536. Later that year, Denmark entered into a union with Norway.
=== Early modern history (1536–1849) ===
{{Main|Denmark–Norway|Danish overseas colonies}}
[[File:DanishColonialEmpireESTLAT.png|thumb|[[Danish overseas colonies]]<nowiki/>possessions in the mid-eighteenth century.]]
[[File:Denmark-Norway in 1780.svg|thumb|Extent of the [[Denmark–Norway|Dano-Norwegian Realm]]. After the Napoleonic Wars, Norway was ceded to Sweden while Denmark kept the [[Faroe Islands]], [[Iceland]] and [[Greenland]].]]
After Sweden permanently [[History of Sweden (1523–1611)|broke away]] from the personal union, Denmark tried on several occasions to reassert control over its neighbour. King [[Christian IV of Denmark|Christian IV]] attacked Sweden in the 1611–1613 [[Kalmar War]] but failed to accomplish his main objective of forcing it to return to the union. The war led to no territorial changes, but Sweden was forced to pay a [[war reparations|war indemnity]] of 1 million [[silver]] [[riksdaler]] to Denmark, an amount known as the ''[[Treaty of Stettin (1570)|Älvsborg ransom]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.smb.nu/svenskakrig/1611.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011111014/http://smb.nu/svenskakrig/1611.asp |archive-date=11 October 2007 |title=Kalmarkriget 1611–1613 |access-date=4 May 2007 |publisher=Svenskt Militärhistoriskt Bibliotek |url-status=dead }}</ref> King Christian used this money to found several towns and fortresses, most notably [[Glückstadt]] (founded as a rival to [[Hamburg]]) and [[Oslo|Christiania]]. Inspired by the [[Dutch East India Company]], he founded a similar [[Danish East India Company|Danish company]] and planned to claim [[Sri Lanka|Ceylon]] as a colony, but the company only managed to acquire [[Tharangambadi|Tranquebar]] on India's [[Coromandel Coast]]. Denmark's large colonial aspirations included a few key [[trading posts]] in [[Africa]] and [[India]]. While Denmark's trading posts in India were of little note, it played an important role in the highly lucrative [[Atlantic slave trade]], through its trading outposts in [[Osu Castle|Fort Christiansborg]] in [[Osu, Accra|Osu]], [[Ghana]] through which 1.5 million slaves were traded.<ref name="guardian6nov2018">{{cite news |last1=Rawlinson |first1=Kevin |title=Prince Charles says Britain's role in slave trade was an atrocity |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/nov/05/prince-charles-says-britains-part-in-transatlantic-slave-trade-was-atrocity |access-date=6 November 2018 |newspaper=The Guardian |date=5 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105232718/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/nov/05/prince-charles-says-britains-part-in-transatlantic-slave-trade-was-atrocity |archive-date=5 November 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> While the Danish colonial empire was sustained by trade with other major powers, and [[plantation]]s – ultimately a lack of resources led to its stagnation.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=James Stuart |editor1-last=Olson |editor2-first=Robert |editor2-last=Shadle |year=1991 |title=Historical Dictionary of European Imperialism |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uyqepNdgUWkC&pg=PA167|access-date=15 May 2014|isbn=978-0-313-26257-9 }}</ref>
In the [[Thirty Years' War]], Christian tried to become the leader of the [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] states in Germany but suffered a crushing defeat at the [[Battle of Lutter]].<ref>Parker, pp. 69–70.</ref> The result was that the Catholic army under [[Albrecht von Wallenstein]] was able to invade, occupy, and pillage Jutland, forcing Denmark [[Treaty of Lübeck|to withdraw from the war]].<ref>Parker, p. 70.</ref> Denmark managed to avoid territorial concessions, but King [[Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden|Gustavus Adolphus]]' intervention in Germany was seen as a sign that the military power of Sweden was on the rise while Denmark's influence in the region was declining. Swedish armies [[Torstenson War|invaded Jutland]] in 1643 and claimed Scania in 1644. In the 1645 [[Second Treaty of Brömsebro (1645)|Treaty of Brømsebro]], Denmark surrendered Halland, [[Gotland]], the last parts of Danish Estonia, and several provinces in Norway.
[[File:Stormen på København (F.C. Lund).jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|The [[Assault on Copenhagen (1659)|Assault]] on [[Copenhagen]] on 11 February 1659 during the [[Second Northern War]]. Danish defenders under King [[Frederick III of Denmark|Frederick III]] successfully repelled the forces of the [[Swedish Empire]]. Painting by [[Frederik Christian Lund]].]]
Seeing an opportunity to tear up the Treaty of Brømsebro, King [[Frederick III of Denmark]], in 1657, declared war on Sweden, the latter being deeply involved in the [[Second Northern War]] (1655–1660), and marched on [[Bremen-Verden]]. This led to a massive Danish defeat as the armies of King [[Charles X Gustav]] of Sweden conquered [[Jutland]] and, following the [[March Across the Belts|Swedish March across]] the frozen [[Danish straits]], occupied [[Funen]] and much of [[Zealand]] before signing the [[Treaty of Roskilde|Peace of Roskilde]] in February 1658, which gave Sweden control of Scania, [[Blekinge]], [[Bohuslän]], [[Trøndelag]], and the island of [[Bornholm]]. Charles X Gustav quickly regretted not having ruined Denmark and in August 1658, he launched a [[Dano-Swedish War (1658–1660)|second attack on Denmark]], conquered most of the Danish islands, and began a two-year-long siege of [[Copenhagen]]. King Frederick III actively led the defence of the city, rallying its citizens to take up arms, and [[Assault on Copenhagen (1659)|repelled the Swedish attacks]].<ref>Isacson, p. 229; Englund, p. 610</ref> The siege ended following the death of Charles X Gustav in 1660.{{sfn|Stone|Bain|Booth|Parnell|2008|p=35}} In the ensuing [[Treaty of Copenhagen (1660)|peace settlement]], Denmark managed to maintain its independence and regain control of Trøndelag and Bornholm.<ref>Frost, pp. 180-183</ref> Attaining great popularity following the war, Frederick III used this to [[King's Law|disband the elective monarchy]] in favour of [[absolute monarchy]], which lasted until 1848 in Denmark.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ekman|first=Ernst|date=1957|title=The Danish Royal Law of 1665|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/237987|journal=The Journal of Modern History|volume=29|issue=2|pages=102–107|doi=10.1086/237987|s2cid=145652129|issn=0022-2801|via=}}</ref>
Denmark tried but failed to regain control of Scania in the [[Scanian War]] (1675–1679). After the [[Great Northern War]] (1700–21), Denmark managed to regain control of the parts of [[Schleswig]] and [[Holstein]] ruled by the house of [[Holstein-Gottorp]] in the 1720 [[Treaty of Frederiksborg]] and the 1773 [[Treaty of Tsarskoye Selo]], respectively. Denmark prospered greatly in the last decades of the 18th century due to its [[Country neutrality (international relations)|neutral status]] allowing it to trade with both sides in the many contemporary wars. In the [[Napoleonic Wars]], Denmark traded with both [[First French Empire|France]] and the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]] and joined the [[Second League of Armed Neutrality|League of Armed Neutrality]] with [[Russian Empire|Russia]], Sweden, and [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]].<ref>{{cite web|title=League of Armed Neutrality|url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100056830|publisher=Oxford Reference|access-date=28 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924130430/http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100056830|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The British considered this a hostile act and attacked Copenhagen in [[Battle of Copenhagen (1801)|1801]] and [[Battle of Copenhagen (1807)|1807]], in one case carrying off the [[Royal Danish Navy|Danish fleet]], in the other, burning large parts of the Danish capital. This led to the so-called Danish-British [[Gunboat War]]. British control of the waterways between Denmark and Norway proved disastrous to the union's economy and in 1813 Denmark–Norway went [[bankruptcy|bankrupt]].
The union was dissolved by the [[Treaty of Kiel]] in 1814; the Danish monarchy "irrevocably and forever" renounced claims to the Kingdom of Norway in favour of the Swedish king.<ref>{{cite book|last=Jenssen-Tusch|first=Georg Friedrich|title=Zur Regierungsgeschichte Friedrich VI. Königs von Dänemark, Herzogs von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg|page=166|year=1852|publisher=Verlag Schröder|language=de}}</ref> Denmark kept the possessions of [[Iceland]] (which retained the Danish monarchy until 1944), the [[Faroe Islands]] and [[Greenland]], all of which had been governed by Norway for centuries.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dörr|first=Oliver|title=Kompendium völkerrechtlicher Rechtsprechung : eine Auswahl für Studium und Praxis|date=2004|publisher=Mohr Siebeck|location=Tübingen|isbn=978-3-16-148311-0|page=101}}</ref> Apart from the Nordic colonies, Denmark continued to rule over [[Danish India]] from 1620 to 1869, the [[Danish Gold Coast]] (Ghana) from 1658 to 1850, and the [[Danish West Indies]] from 1671 to 1917.
=== Constitutional monarchy (1849–present) ===
[[File:Grundlovgivende rigsforsamling - Constantin Hansen.jpg|thumb|left|The National Constitutional Assembly was convened by King [[Frederick VII of Denmark|Frederick VII]] in 1848 to adopt the [[Constitution of Denmark]].]]
==== Liberal movement and cession of Schleswig and Holstein ====
A nascent Danish liberal and national movement gained momentum in the 1830s; after the European [[Revolutions of 1848]], Denmark peacefully became a [[constitutional monarchy]] on 5 June 1849. A new constitution established a [[Rigsdagen|two-chamber parliament]]. Denmark faced war against both [[Prussia]] and [[Austrian Empire]] in what became known as the [[Second Schleswig War]], lasting from February to October 1864. Denmark was defeated and obliged to [[cession|cede]] [[Province of Schleswig-Holstein|Schleswig and Holstein]] to [[Prussia]]. This loss came as the latest in the long series of defeats and [[Danish Royal Enclaves|territorial]] losses that had begun in the 17th century. After these events, Denmark pursued a policy of neutrality in Europe.
==== Industrialization ====
[[Industrialization|Industrialisation]] came to Denmark in the second half of the 19th century.<ref>{{cite book|last=Tellier|first=Luc-Normand|title=Urban world history an economic and geographical perspective|date=2009|publisher=Presses de l'Université du Québec|location=Québec|isbn=978-2-7605-2209-1|page=457|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cXuCjDbxC1YC&pg=PA457|access-date=21 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412182836/https://books.google.com/books?id=cXuCjDbxC1YC&pg=PA457|archive-date=12 April 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[History of rail transport in Denmark|nation's first railways]] were constructed in the 1850s, and improved communications and overseas trade allowed industry to develop in spite of Denmark's lack of natural resources. [[Trade union]]s developed, starting in the 1870s. There was a considerable migration of people from the countryside to the cities, and Danish agriculture became centred on the export of dairy and meat products.
==== Denmark in World War I ====
Denmark [[Denmark during World War I|maintained its neutral stance]] during [[World War I]]. After the defeat of Germany, the [[Treaty of Versailles|Versailles powers]] offered to return the region of Schleswig-Holstein to Denmark. Fearing German [[irredentism]], Denmark refused to consider the return of the area without a [[plebiscite]]; the two [[Schleswig Plebiscites]] took place on 10 February and 14 March 1920, respectively. On 10 July 1920, Northern Schleswig was recovered by Denmark, thereby adding some 163,600 inhabitants and {{convert|3984|km2|sqmi}}. The country's first social democratic government took office in 1924.<ref name="Politico">{{cite web|title=Lost in translation: Epic goes to Denmark|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2019/06/06/epic-denmark-health-1510223|website=Politico|access-date=10 June 2019}}</ref>
==== German Non-aggression pact and invasion ====
In 1939 Denmark signed a 10-year non-aggression pact with [[Nazi Germany]] but [[German invasion of Denmark (1940)|Germany invaded Denmark]] on 9 April 1940 and the Danish government quickly surrendered. [[Denmark in World War II|World War II in Denmark]] was characterised by economic co-operation with Germany until 1943, when the Danish government refused further co-operation and [[Royal Danish Navy|its navy]] [[Operation Safari|scuttled most of its ships]] and sent many of its officers to Sweden, which was neutral. The [[Danish resistance movement|Danish resistance]] performed a [[Rescue of the Danish Jews|rescue operation]] that managed to evacuate several thousand [[History of the Jews in Denmark|Jews]] and their families to safety in Sweden before the Germans could send them to death camps. Some Danes supported [[Nazism]] by joining the [[National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark|Danish Nazi Party]] or volunteering to fight with Germany as part of the [[Frikorps Danmark]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Rugg |first=Andy |title=Traitor Danes: most soldiers return heroes, but this lot came home total zeroes |url=http://cphpost.dk//culture/through-looking-glass/traitor-danes-most-soldiers-return-heroes-lot-came-home-total-zeroes |work=Copenhagen Post |access-date=30 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130129130650/http://cphpost.dk/culture/through-looking-glass/traitor-danes-most-soldiers-return-heroes-lot-came-home-total-zeroes |archive-date=29 January 2013 }}</ref> Iceland severed ties with Denmark and [[Founding of the republic of Iceland|became an independent republic]] in 1944; [[Liberation of Denmark|Germany surrendered]] in May 1945. In 1948, the Faroe Islands gained [[home rule]]. In 1949, Denmark became a founding member of [[NATO]].
[[File:Tratado de Lisboa 13 12 2007 (081).jpg|thumb|Denmark became a member of the European Union in 1973 and signed the [[Lisbon Treaty]] in 2007.]]
Denmark was a founding member of [[European Free Trade Association]] (EFTA). During the 1960s, the EFTA countries were often referred to as the [[Outer Seven]], as opposed to the [[Inner Six]] of what was then the [[European Economic Community]] (EEC).<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Finland: Now, the Seven and a Half |magazine=Time |date=7 April 1961 |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,874317,00.htm |access-date=18 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104144427/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,874317,00.htm |archive-date=4 November 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1973, along with Britain and Ireland, Denmark joined the European Economic Community (now the [[European Union]]) after a [[1972 Danish European Communities membership referendum|public referendum]]. The [[Maastricht Treaty]], which involved further European integration, [[1992 Danish Maastricht Treaty referendum|was rejected]] by the Danish people in 1992; it was only accepted after a [[1993 Danish Maastricht Treaty referendum|second referendum]] in 1993, which provided for [[Opt-outs in the European Union|four opt-outs]] from policies. The Danes rejected the euro as the national currency in [[2000 Danish euro referendum|a referendum in 2000]]. Greenland gained home rule in 1979 and was awarded [[self-determination]] in 2009. Neither the [[Faroe Islands and the European Union|Faroe Islands]] nor [[Greenland–European Union relations#Outside the EU|Greenland]] are members of the European Union, the Faroese having declined membership of the EEC in 1973 and Greenland in 1986, in both cases because of fisheries policies.
Constitutional change in 1953 led to a [[unicameralism|single-chamber]] parliament elected by proportional representation, female accession to the Danish throne, and Greenland becoming an integral part of Denmark. The [[centre-left]] [[Social Democrats (Denmark)|Social Democrats]] led a string of coalition governments for most of the second half of the 20th century, introducing the [[Nordic model|Nordic welfare model]]. The [[Venstre (Denmark)|Liberal Party]] and the [[Conservative People's Party (Denmark)|Conservative People's Party]] have also led [[centre-right]] governments.
== Geography ==
{{Main|Geography of Denmark}}
{{See also|Geography of the Faroe Islands|Geography of Greenland}}
[[File:Satellite image of Denmark in July 2001.jpg|thumb|alt=Satellite image|A satellite image of Jutland and the Danish islands]]
Located in [[Northern Europe]], Denmark{{#tag:ref|The Kingdom of Denmark's territory in [[continental Europe]] is referred to as "[[wikt:Metropolitan|metropolitan]] Denmark",<ref name="Administrative divisions – Denmark">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/administrative-divisions#da Administrative divisions – Denmark] [[The World Factbook]]. Access date: 16 September 2021</ref> "Denmark [[wikt:proper#Adjective|proper]]" ({{lang-da|egentlig Danmark}}), or simply "Denmark". In this article, usage of "Denmark" excludes Greenland and the Faroe Islands.|name="proper"|group="N"}} consists of the peninsula of [[Jutland]] and [[List of islands of Denmark|443 named islands]] (1,419 islands above {{convert|100|m2|sqft}} in total).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.kms.dk/C1256AED004EA666/(AllDocsByDocId)/1D7EE8822587E667C1256AEF0030ABF6?open&page=strste&omr=KORT_DK_I_TAL |title=Landet i tal – Største øer |access-date=14 July 2007 |date=23 September 2003 |publisher=[[National Survey and Cadastre of Denmark]] }}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Of these, 74 are inhabited (January 2015),<ref>Statistikbanken.dk/bef4</ref> with the largest being [[Zealand]], the [[North Jutlandic Island]], and [[Funen]]. The island of [[Bornholm]] is located east of the rest of the country, in the [[Baltic Sea]]. Many of the larger islands are connected by bridges; a [[Øresund Bridge|bridge-tunnel]] across the [[Øresund]] connects Zealand with Sweden; the [[Great Belt Fixed Link]] connects Funen with Zealand; and the [[Little Belt Bridge (1970)|Little Belt Bridge]] connects Jutland with Funen. [[Ferry|Ferries]] or [[small aircraft]] connect to the smaller islands. The four [[List of cities in Denmark by population|cities with populations over 100,000]] are the capital [[Copenhagen]] on Zealand; [[Aarhus]] and [[Aalborg]] in Jutland; and [[Odense]] on Funen.
[[File:Da-map.png|thumb|left|alt=A labelled map of Denmark|A map showing [[List of urban areas in Denmark by population|major urban areas]], islands and connecting bridges]]
The country occupies a total area of {{convert|42,943.9|km2|sqmi|lk=in|sigfig=5}}.<ref name=area /> The area of inland water is {{convert|700|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}, variously stated as from 500 to 700 km<sup>2</sup> (193–270 sq mi).{{citation needed|date=December 2020}} Lake [[Arresø]] northwest of Copenhagen is the largest lake. The size of the land area cannot be stated exactly since the ocean constantly erodes and adds material to the coastline, and because of human [[land reclamation]] projects (to counter erosion). [[Post-glacial rebound]] raises the land by a bit less than {{convert|1|cm|1|abbr=on}} per year in the north and east, extending the coast. A circle enclosing the same area as Denmark would be {{convert|234|km|mi|abbr=off}} in [[diameter]] with a [[circumference]] of {{convert|736|km|0|abbr=on}} (land area only:{{convert|232.33|km|mi|abbr=on}} and {{convert|730|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} respectively). It shares a border of {{convert|68|km| mi}} with [[Germany]] to the south and is otherwise surrounded by {{convert|8,750|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} of tidal [[shoreline]] (including small [[bay]]s and [[inlet]]s).<ref name="Nature and Environment">{{cite web |url=http://denmark.dk/portal/page?_pageid=374,520337&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070403235436/http://denmark.dk/portal/page?_pageid=374,520337&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL |archive-date=3 April 2007 |title=Nature & Environment |access-date=3 February 2007 |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark]] |url-status=dead }}</ref> No location in Denmark is farther from the coast than {{convert|52|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}. On the south-west coast of Jutland, the tide is between {{convert|1|and|2|m|ft|2|abbr=on}}, and the tideline moves outward and inward on a {{convert|10|km|mi|1|abbr=on}} stretch.<ref>Nationalencyklopedin, (1990)</ref> Denmark's [[Borders of Denmark|territorial waters]] total {{convert|105,000|km2|0|abbr=off}}.
Denmark's northernmost point is [[Skagen]] point (the north beach of the Skaw) at 57° 45' 7" northern latitude; the southernmost is [[Gedser]] point (the southern tip of [[Falster]]) at 54° 33' 35" northern latitude; the westernmost point is [[Blåvandshuk]] at 8° 4' 22" eastern longitude; and the easternmost point is [[Østerskær]] at 15° 11' 55" eastern longitude. This is in the small [[Ertholmene]] archipelago {{convert|18|km|mi}} north-east of Bornholm. The distance from east to west is {{convert|452|km|mi|0}}, from north to south {{convert|368|km|mi|0}}.
[[File:Landscape seen from Ellemandsbjerg.jpg|thumb|[[Bay of Aarhus]] viewed from southern [[Djursland]]]]
The country is flat with little elevation, having an average height [[above mean sea level|above sea level]] of {{convert|31|m|ft|0}}. The highest natural point is [[Møllehøj]], at {{convert|170.86|m|ft|2}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nyt højeste punkt i Danmark|url=http://www.gst.dk/nyheder/nyhedsarkiv/2005/feb/hoejste-punkt/|publisher=[[Danish Geodata Agency]]|access-date=26 May 2014|language=da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528005236/http://www.gst.dk/nyheder/nyhedsarkiv/2005/feb/hoejste-punkt/|archive-date=28 May 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Although this is by far the lowest high point in the Nordic countries and also less than half of the highest point in [[Götaland|Southern Sweden]], Denmark's general elevation in its interior is generally at a safe level from [[sea level rise|rising sea levels]]. A sizeable portion of Denmark's [[terrain]] consists of rolling [[plain]]s whilst the coastline is sandy, with large [[dune]]s in northern Jutland. Although once extensively forested, today Denmark largely consists of [[arable land]]. It is drained by a [[List of rivers of Denmark|dozen or so rivers]], and the most significant include the [[Gudenå]], [[Odense River|Odense]], [[Skjern River|Skjern]], [[Suså River|Suså]] and [[Vidå]]—a river that flows along its southern border with Germany.
The Kingdom of Denmark includes two overseas territories, both well to the west of Denmark: Greenland, the [[list of islands by area|world's largest island]], and the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic Ocean. These territories are self-governing under their own parliaments (the [[Løgting]] and [[Inatsisartut]]) and form, together with continental Denmark, part of the [[Danish Realm]].
=== Climate ===
Denmark has a [[Temperateness|temperate]] climate, characterised by mild winters, with mean temperatures in January of {{convert|1.5|°C|°F|1}}, and cool summers, with a mean temperature in August of {{convert|17.2|°C|°F|1}}.<ref name="Denmark climate">{{cite web |url=http://www.dmi.dk/vejr/arkiver/normaler-og-ekstremer/klimanormaler-dk/vejrnormal/ |title=Climate Normals for Denmark |access-date=2 January 2015 |publisher=[[Danish Meteorological Institute]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103014624/http://www.dmi.dk/vejr/arkiver/normaler-og-ekstremer/klimanormaler-dk/vejrnormal// |archive-date=3 January 2015 |url-status=dead }} Figures, labelled in Danish: First plot is the whole country; Nedbør=Precipitation, Nedbørdage=Precipitation days (>1 mm), (Dag/Middel/Nat)temp.=(Daytime/Average/Nighttime) temperature, Solskinstimer=Hours of sunshine.</ref> The most extreme temperatures recorded in Denmark, since 1874 when recordings began, was {{convert|36.4|°C|°F|1}} in 1975 and {{convert|-31.2|°C|°F|1}} in 1982.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dmi.dk/vejr/arkiver/normaler-og-ekstremer/vejrekstremer-dk/|title=Vejrekstremer i Danmark [Weather extremes in Denmark]|language=da|publisher=[[Danish Meteorological Institute]] (DMI)|date=6 October 2016|access-date=19 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019211924/https://www.dmi.dk/vejr/arkiver/normaler-og-ekstremer/vejrekstremer-dk/|archive-date=19 October 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Denmark has an average of 179 days per year with precipitation, on average receiving a total of {{convert|765|mm|in|0}} per year; autumn is the wettest season and spring the driest.<ref name="Denmark climate" /> The position between a continent and an ocean means that the weather is often unstable.<ref name="Denmark weather change">{{cite web |url=http://www.dmi.dk/vejr/til-lands/maaned-og-saeson/vejrkorset-efteraarsvejrets-fire-hjoerner/ |title=The weather cross – the four corners of autumn weather |access-date=17 September 2015 |publisher=[[Danish Meteorological Institute]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921003948/http://www.dmi.dk/vejr/til-lands/maaned-og-saeson/vejrkorset-efteraarsvejrets-fire-hjoerner/ |archive-date=21 September 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Because of Denmark's northern location, there are large seasonal variations in daylight. There are short days during the winter with sunrise coming around 8:45 am and sunset 3:45 pm (standard time), as well as long summer days with sunrise at 4:30 am and sunset at 10 pm ([[daylight saving time]]).<ref name="sunrise sunset">{{cite web|url=http://www.gaisma.com/en/location/kobenhavn.html|title=Copenhagen, Denmark – Sunrise, sunset, dawn and dusk times for the whole year|publisher=Gaisma|access-date=24 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702220228/http://www.gaisma.com/en/location/kobenhavn.html|archive-date=2 July 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Ecology ===
{{Further|List of forests in Denmark|List of mammals of Denmark|List of birds of Denmark}}
{{Hatnote|Also related: [[Flora of the Faroe Islands|Flora]] and [[Fauna of the Faroe Islands]] and [[Flora and fauna of Greenland]]}}
[[File:Grib skov.jpg|thumb|[[Fagus sylvatica|Beech trees]] are common throughout Denmark, especially in the sparse woodlands.]]
Denmark belongs to the [[Boreal Kingdom]] and can be subdivided into two [[ecoregion]]s: the [[Atlantic mixed forests]] and [[Baltic mixed forests]].<ref name="DinersteinOlson2017">{{cite journal|last1=Dinerstein|first1=Eric|last2=Olson|first2=David|last3=Joshi|first3=Anup|last4=Vynne|first4=Carly|last5=Burgess|first5=Neil D.|last6=Wikramanayake|first6=Eric|last7=Hahn|first7=Nathan|last8=Palminteri|first8=Suzanne|last9=Hedao|first9=Prashant|last10=Noss|first10=Reed|last11=Hansen|first11=Matt|last12=Locke|first12=Harvey|last13=Ellis|first13=Erle C|last14=Jones|first14=Benjamin|last15=Barber|first15=Charles Victor|last16=Hayes|first16=Randy|last17=Kormos|first17=Cyril|last18=Martin|first18=Vance|last19=Crist|first19=Eileen|last20=Sechrest|first20=Wes|last21=Price|first21=Lori|last22=Baillie|first22=Jonathan E. M.|last23=Weeden|first23=Don|last24=Suckling|first24=Kierán|last25=Davis|first25=Crystal|last26=Sizer|first26=Nigel|last27=Moore|first27=Rebecca|last28=Thau|first28=David|last29=Birch|first29=Tanya|last30=Potapov|first30=Peter|last31=Turubanova|first31=Svetlana|last32=Tyukavina|first32=Alexandra|last33=de Souza|first33=Nadia|last34=Pintea|first34=Lilian|last35=Brito|first35=José C.|last36=Llewellyn|first36=Othman A.|last37=Miller|first37=Anthony G.|last38=Patzelt|first38=Annette|last39=Ghazanfar|first39=Shahina A.|last40=Timberlake|first40=Jonathan|last41=Klöser|first41=Heinz|last42=Shennan-Farpón|first42=Yara|last43=Kindt|first43=Roeland|last44=Lillesø|first44=Jens-Peter Barnekow|last45=van Breugel|first45=Paulo|last46=Graudal|first46=Lars|last47=Voge|first47=Maianna|last48=Al-Shammari|first48=Khalaf F.|last49=Saleem|first49=Muhammad|title=An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm|journal=BioScience|volume=67|issue=6|year=2017|pages=534–545|issn=0006-3568|doi=10.1093/biosci/bix014|pmid=28608869|pmc=5451287}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Hogan|first1=C Michael|title=Ecoregions of Denmark|url=http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/152021/|publisher=Encyclopedia of Earth|access-date=26 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924044145/http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/152021/|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Almost all of Denmark's [[primeval forest|primeval temperate forests]] have been destroyed or fragmented, chiefly for agricultural purposes during the last millennia.<ref name="Jensen1">{{cite web|last1=Jensen|first1=Christian Lundmark|title=Forests and forestry in Denmark – Thousands of years of interaction between man and nature|url=http://www.nordicforestresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/ForestandforestryinDenmark.pdf|publisher=Danish Ministry of the Environment Nature Agency|access-date=31 May 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160715001546/http://www.nordicforestresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/ForestandforestryinDenmark.pdf|archive-date=15 July 2016}}</ref> The deforestation has created large swaths of [[heathland]] and devastating [[Saltation (geology)|sand drifts]].<ref name="Jensen1" /> In spite of this, there are several larger [[second growth forest|second growth woodlands]] in the country and, in total, 12.9% of the land is now forested.<ref>{{cite web |title= Forest area (% of land area) |url= http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.FRST.ZS |website= worldbank.org |publisher= The World Bank |access-date= 26 August 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150905234836/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.FRST.ZS |archive-date= 5 September 2015 |url-status=live |df= dmy-all }}</ref> [[Picea abies|Norway spruce]] is the most widespread tree (2017); an important tree in the [[Christmas tree production in Denmark|Christmas tree production]]. Denmark holds a [[Forest Landscape Integrity Index]] mean score of 0.5/10, ranking it 171st globally out of 172 countries—behind only [[San Marino]].<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal|last1=Grantham|first1=H. S.|last2=Duncan|first2=A.|last3=Evans|first3=T. D.|last4=Jones|first4=K. R.|last5=Beyer|first5=H. L.|last6=Schuster|first6=R.|last7=Walston|first7=J.|last8=Ray|first8=J. C.|last9=Robinson|first9=J. G.|last10=Callow|first10=M.|last11=Clements|first11=T.|last12=Costa|first12=H. M.|last13=DeGemmis|first13=A.|last14=Elsen|first14=P. R.|last15=Ervin|first15=J.|last16=Franco|first16=P.|last17=Goldman|first17=E.|last18=Goetz|first18=S.|last19=Hansen|first19=A.|last20=Hofsvang|first20=E.|last21=Jantz|first21=P.|last22=Jupiter|first22=S.|last23=Kang|first23=A.|last24=Langhammer|first24=P.|last25=Laurance|first25=W. F.|last26=Lieberman|first26=S.|last27=Linkie|first27=M.|last28=Malhi|first28=Y.|last29=Maxwell|first29=S.|last30=Mendez|first30=M.|last31=Mittermeier|first31=R.|last32=Murray|first32=N. J.|last33=Possingham|first33=H.|last34=Radachowsky|first34=J.|last35=Saatchi|first35=S.|last36=Samper|first36=C.|last37=Silverman|first37=J.|last38=Shapiro|first38=A.|last39=Strassburg|first39=B.|last40=Stevens|first40=T.|last41=Stokes|first41=E.|last42=Taylor|first42=R.|last43=Tear|first43=T.|last44=Tizard|first44=R.|last45=Venter|first45=O.|last46=Visconti|first46=P.|last47=Wang|first47=S.|last48=Watson|first48=J. E. M.|title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material|journal=Nature Communications|volume=11|issue=1|year=2020|page=5978|issn=2041-1723|doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3|pmid=33293507|pmc=7723057}}</ref>{{explain|reason=What does it mean? Is it good or bad? Please include a little eplanation|date=December 2020}}
[[Roe deer]] occupy the countryside in growing numbers, and large-antlered [[red deer]] can be found in the sparse woodlands of Jutland. Denmark is also home to smaller mammals, such as [[European polecat|polecats]], [[hare]]s and [[hedgehog]]s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Animals in Denmark|url=http://www.listofcountriesoftheworld.com/da-animals.html|website=listofcountriesoftheworld.com|access-date=31 May 2016|date=2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601121051/http://www.listofcountriesoftheworld.com/da-animals.html|archive-date=1 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Approximately 400 bird species inhabit Denmark and about 160 of those breed in the country.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bird list of Denmark|url=http://www.netfugl.dk/dklist.php|publisher=Netfugl.dk|access-date=26 August 2015|quote=It involves all category A, B and C birds recorded in Denmark (according to SU/BOURC/AERC standard).|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905040347/http://www.netfugl.dk/dklist.php|archive-date=5 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Large marine mammals include healthy populations of [[Harbour porpoise]], growing numbers of [[pinniped]]s and occasional visits of large whales, including [[blue whale]]s and [[orca]]s. [[Cod]], [[herring]] and [[plaice]] are abundant [[Fish as food|culinary fish]] in Danish waters and form the basis for [[Fishing industry in Denmark|a large fishing industry]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Byskov|first1=Søren|title=Theme: Herring, cod and other fish – 1001 Stories of Denmark|url=http://www.kulturarv.dk/1001fortaellinger/en_GB/theme/herring-cod-and-other-fish/article|publisher=The Heritage Agency of Denmark|access-date=31 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234622/http://www.kulturarv.dk/1001fortaellinger/en_GB/theme/herring-cod-and-other-fish/article|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Environment ===
[[File:European Environment Agency, Copenhagen.jpg|thumb|The [[European Environment Agency]] in Copenhagen]]
Denmark stopped issuing new licences for oil and gas extraction in December 2020.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Farand |first1=Chloé |title=Denmark to phase out oil and gas production by 2050 in "watershed" decision |url=https://www.climatechangenews.com/2020/12/04/denmark-phase-oil-gas-production-2050-watershed-decision/ |access-date=29 December 2020 |agency=Climate Home News |date=4 December 2020}}</ref>
Land and water pollution are two of Denmark's most significant [[environmental issue]]s, although much of the country's household and industrial waste is now increasingly filtered and sometimes recycled. The country has historically taken a progressive stance on [[environmental preservation]]; in 1971 Denmark established a [[Ministry of Environment (Denmark)|Ministry of Environment]] and was the first country in the world to implement an [[environmental law]] in 1973.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=NHxwtVy9MKMC&pg=PA323 The law of environmental damage: liability and reparation]. Marie-Louise Larsson.</ref> To mitigate environmental degradation and [[global warming]] the Danish Government has signed the [[Kyoto Protocol|Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol]].<ref name="factbook">{{cite web|date=19 January 2012|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/denmark/|title=Denmark|work=The World Factbook|publisher=CIA|access-date=4 February 2012}}</ref> However, the national [[ecological footprint]] is 8.26 global hectares per person, which is very high compared to a world average of 1.7 in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ecological Footprint Atlas 2010|url=http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/ecological_footprint_atlas_2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709225943/http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/ecological_footprint_atlas_2010/|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 July 2011|publisher=Global Footprint Network|access-date=26 August 2015|date=2010}}</ref> Contributing factors to this value are an exceptional high value for cropland but also a relatively high value for grazing land,<ref>WWF (2014): Living Planet Report.</ref> which may be explained by the substantially high meat production in Denmark ({{convert|115.8|kg}} meat annually per capita) and the large economic role of the meat and dairy industries.<ref>AMI (2012); preliminary data for 2011</ref> In December 2014, the [[Climate Change Performance Index]] for 2015 placed Denmark at the top of the table, explaining that although emissions are still quite high, the country was able to implement effective climate protection policies.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://germanwatch.org/en/download/10407.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209222711/http://germanwatch.org/en/download/10407.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 December 2014|title=The Climate Change Performance Index: Results 2015|first1=Jan|last1=Burck|first2=Franziska|last2=Marten|first3=Christoph|last3=Bals|publisher=Germanwatch|access-date=9 December 2014}}</ref> In 2020, Denmark was placed first in the index again.<ref>{{cite web |title=2020 EPI Results |url=https://epi.yale.edu/epi-results/2020/component/epi |website=Environmental Performance Index |access-date=20 November 2020}}</ref> In 2021 Denmark with Costa Rica launched the "Beyond Oil and Gas alliance" for stopping use fossil fuels.<ref>{{cite news |title=Climate change: Whisper it cautiously... there's been progress in run up to COP26 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-58678937 |access-date=10 October 2021 |agency=BBC |date=25 September 2021}}</ref>
Denmark's territories, Greenland and the [[Whaling in the Faroe Islands|Faroe Islands]], catch approximately 650 whales per year.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ethicsandinternationalaffairs.org/2012/almost-saving-whales-the-ambiguity-of-success-at-the-international-whaling-commission-full-text/|title=Almost Saving Whales: The Ambiguity of Success at the International Whaling Commission [Full Text] – Ethics & International Affairs|date=29 March 2012|work=Ethics & International Affairs|access-date=27 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227180348/https://www.ethicsandinternationalaffairs.org/2012/almost-saving-whales-the-ambiguity-of-success-at-the-international-whaling-commission-full-text/|archive-date=27 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/faroe-islands-slaughter-pilot-whales-sea-blood-red-north-atlantic-iceland-denmark-ritual-tradition-a7798436.html|title=Hundreds of whales slaughtered in Faroe Island's annual killing|date=20 June 2017|work=The Independent|access-date=27 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228000456/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/faroe-islands-slaughter-pilot-whales-sea-blood-red-north-atlantic-iceland-denmark-ritual-tradition-a7798436.html|archive-date=28 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Greenland's quotas for the catch of whales are determined according to the advice of the [[International Whaling Commission]] (IWC), having quota decision-making powers.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://naalakkersuisut.gl/en/Naalakkersuisut/News/2013/01/Whales|title=Greenland quotas for big whales|date=5 January 2013|work=Government of Greenland|access-date=4 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105062411/https://naalakkersuisut.gl/en/Naalakkersuisut/News/2013/01/Whales|archive-date=5 November 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Government and politics ==
{{Main|Politics of Denmark}}
{{Hatnote|Also related: [[Politics of the Faroe Islands]] and [[Politics of Greenland]]}}
{{multiple image
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| caption1 = [[Margrethe II of Denmark|Margrethe II]], Queen of Denmark
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| caption2 = Prime Minister [[Mette Frederiksen]]
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Politics in Denmark operate under a framework laid out in the [[Constitution of Denmark]].{{#tag:ref|Denmark has a [[codified constitution]]. Changes to it require an absolute majority in two consecutive parliamentary terms and the approval of at least 40% of the electorate through a referendum.<ref>{{cite web |author=Tschentscher, Axel |url=http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html |title=The Constitution of Denmark – Section 88 |publisher=Servat.unibe.ch |access-date=12 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710092702/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html |archive-date=10 July 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>|group="N"}} First written in 1849, it establishes a sovereign state in the form of a [[constitutional monarchy]], with a representative [[parliamentary system]]. The monarch officially retains [[Executive (government)|executive power]] and presides over the [[Danish Council of State|Council of State]] ([[privy council]]).<ref>"The executive power is vested in the King." [http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html The Constitution of Denmark – Section 3.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710092702/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html |date=10 July 2011 }}</ref><ref>"The body of Ministers shall form the Council of State, in which the Successor to the Throne shall have a seat when he is of age. The Council of State shall be presided over by the King{{nbsp}}..." [http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html The Constitution of Denmark – Section 17.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710092702/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html |date=10 July 2011 }}</ref> In practice, the duties of the monarch are strictly representative and [[ceremonial]],<ref group="N">The Constitution refers to "the King" ({{lang-da|kongen}}), rather than the gender-neutral term "monarch". In light of the restriction of powers of the monarchy, this is best interpreted as referring to the government Cabinet.</ref><ref>[http://kongehuset.dk/english/the-monarchy-in-denmark/the-monarchy-today The Monarchy today] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215082552/http://kongehuset.dk/english/the-monarchy-in-denmark/the-monarchy-today |date=15 February 2015 }} – ''The Danish Monarchy'' (kongehuset.dk). Access date: 16 June 2012</ref> such as the formal appointment and dismissal of the [[Prime Minister of Denmark|Prime Minister]] and other Government ministers. The Monarch is not answerable for his or her actions, and their [[legal personality|person]] is [[sacrosanct]].<ref>"The King shall not be answerable for his actions; his person shall be sacrosanct." [http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html The Constitution of Denmark – Section 13.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710092702/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html |date=10 July 2011 }}</ref> [[Hereditary monarchy|Hereditary monarch]] [[Margrethe II of Denmark|Queen Margrethe II]] has been head of state since 14 January 1972.
=== Government ===
{{Main|Folketing|Cabinet of Denmark}}
{{See also|Løgting|Cabinet of the Faroe Islands}}
{{Hatnote|Also related: [[Inatsisartut]] and [[Cabinet of Greenland]]}}
[[File:Denmark disposable income.webp|thumb|300px|Denmark disposable income after tax<br> Not including [[Value-added tax]] or [[Property tax]]]]
The Danish parliament is [[unicameral]] and called the Folketing ({{lang-da|Folketinget}}). It is the [[legislature]] of the Kingdom of Denmark, passing [[Act of Parliament|acts]] that apply in Denmark and, variably, Greenland and the Faroe Islands. The Folketing is also responsible for adopting the [[government budget|state's budgets]], approving the state's accounts, appointing and exercising control of the Government, and taking part in international co-operation. [[Bill (proposed law)|Bills]] may be initiated by the Government or by [[Member of parliament|members of parliament]]. All bills passed must be presented before the Council of State to receive [[Royal Assent]] within thirty days in order to become law.<ref>"A Bill passed by the Parliament shall become law if it receives the Royal Assent not later than thirty days after it was finally passed." [http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html The Constitution of Denmark – Section 22.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710092702/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html |date=10 July 2011 }}</ref>
[[File:Christiansborg (Matthias Schalk).jpg|thumb|left|[[Christiansborg Palace]] houses the Folketing, the [[Supreme Court of Denmark|Supreme Court]], and government offices.]]
Denmark is a [[representative democracy]] with [[universal suffrage]].{{#tag:ref|The [[Economist Intelligence Unit]], while acknowledging that democracy is difficult to measure, listed Denmark 5th on its [[Democracy Index|index of democracy]].<ref name="Democracy_Index">{{cite web|title=Democracy Index 2014|url=http://www.sudestada.com.uy/Content/Articles/421a313a-d58f-462e-9b24-2504a37f6b56/Democracy-index-2014.pdf|publisher=The Economist/Economist Intelligence Unit|access-date=23 August 2015|date=2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201164818/http://www.sudestada.com.uy/Content/Articles/421a313a-d58f-462e-9b24-2504a37f6b56/Democracy-index-2014.pdf|archive-date=1 February 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>|group="N"}} Membership of the Folketing is based on [[proportional representation]] of political parties,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html|title=ICL – Denmark – Constitution – Section 31. Elections|work=unibe.ch|access-date=12 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710092702/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html|archive-date=10 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> with a 2% electoral threshold. Denmark elects 175 members to the Folketing, with Greenland and the Faroe Islands electing an additional two members each—179 members in total.<ref>{{harvnb|Jørgensen|1995|p=16.}}</ref> Parliamentary elections are held at least every four years, but it is within the powers of the prime minister to ask the monarch to call for an election before the term has elapsed. On a [[Motion of no confidence|vote of no confidence]], the Folketing may force a single minister or an entire government to resign.<ref>"A Minister shall not remain in office after the Parliament has passed a vote of no confidence in him." [http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html The Constitution of Denmark – Section 15.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710092702/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html |date=10 July 2011 }}</ref>
The Government of Denmark operates as a [[Cabinet (government)|cabinet government]], where executive authority is exercised—formally, on behalf of the monarch—by the prime minister and other [[cabinet minister]]s, who head [[List of Danish government ministries|ministries]]. As the executive branch, the Cabinet is responsible for proposing bills and a budget, executing the laws, and guiding the foreign and internal policies of Denmark. The position of prime minister belongs to the person most likely to command the [[confidence and supply|confidence]] of a majority in the Folketing; this is often the current leader of the largest [[political party]] or, more effectively, through a [[political alliance|coalition of parties]]. A single party generally does not have sufficient political power in terms of the number of seats to form a cabinet on its own; Denmark has often been ruled by [[coalition governments]], themselves usually [[minority government]]s dependent on non-government parties.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.b.dk/din-mening/radikale-ved-historisk-skillevej|title=Radikale ved historisk skillevej|work=[[Berlingske Tidende]]|date=17 June 2007|access-date=17 August 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811132101/http://www.b.dk/din-mening/radikale-ved-historisk-skillevej|archive-date=11 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Following a [[2015 Danish general election|general election defeat]], in June 2015 [[Helle Thorning-Schmidt]], leader of the [[Social Democrats (Denmark)|Social Democrats]] (''{{lang|da|Socialdemokraterne}}''), resigned as prime minister.<ref>{{cite news |title=Danish election: Opposition bloc wins |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-33171549 |work=BBC News |date=19 June 2015}}</ref> She was succeeded by [[Lars Løkke Rasmussen]], the leader of the [[Venstre (Denmark)|Liberal Party]] (''{{lang|da|Venstre}}''). Rasmussen became the leader of [[Lars Løkke Rasmussen II Cabinet|a cabinet]] that, unusually, consisted entirely of ministers from his own party.<ref>{{cite news |title=Denmark's New Centre-Right Government Takes Power |url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/denmarks-new-centre-right-government-takes-power-776116 |work=NDTV.com}}</ref> In November 2016, [[Liberal Alliance (Denmark)|Liberal Alliance]] and the [[The Conservative People's Party (Denmark)|Conservatives]] joined the government.<ref>{{cite news |title=Danish PM invites support parties into government |url=https://www.thelocal.dk/20161121/danish-pm-invites-support-parties-into-government/ |work=The Local Denmark |date=21 November 2016}}</ref> Liberal Prime Minister, Lars Løkke Rasmussen held the office between 2009 and 2011, and again between 2015 and 2019, with backing from the [[Danish People's Party]] (DF). Following the [[2019 Danish general election|2019 general election]] the Social Democrats, led by leader [[Mette Frederiksen]], formed a single-party government with support from the left-wing coalition.<ref>{{cite news |title=Denmark's new leader joins Nordic swing to left |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-48784508 |work=BBC News |access-date=27 June 2019 |date=27 June 2019}}</ref> Frederiksen became prime minister on 27 June 2019.<ref>{{cite news |title=Frederiksen prepares to take over as new Danish prime minister |url=https://www.thelocal.dk/20190627/frederiksen-prepares-to-take-over-as-new-danish-prime-minister/ |work=The Local Denmark |date=27 June 2019}}</ref>
=== Law and judicial system ===
{{Main|Law of Denmark|Courts of Denmark}}
{{See also|Crime in Denmark}}
{{Hatnote|Also related: [[Judiciary of Greenland]]}}
[[File:Supreme Court of Denmark (1697).jpg|thumb|King [[Christian V of Denmark|Christian V]] presiding over the Supreme Court in 1697.]]
Denmark has a [[Civil law (legal system)|civil law]] system with some references to [[Germanic law]]. Denmark resembles Norway and Sweden in never having developed a [[case-law]] like that of [[English law|England]] and the United States nor comprehensive [[Code (law)|codes]] like those of France and Germany. Much of its law is [[Custom (law)|customary]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Orfield|first1=Lester Bernhardt Orfield|title=The Growth of Scandinavian Law|date=2002|publisher=Lawbook Exchange|location=Union, N.J.|isbn=978-1-58477-180-7|page=14}}</ref>
The judicial system of Denmark is divided between courts with regular civil and [[criminal law|criminal]] jurisdiction and administrative courts with jurisdiction over litigation between individuals and the public administration. Articles sixty-two and sixty-four of the Constitution ensure [[judicial independence]] from government and Parliament by providing that judges shall only be guided by the law, including acts, statutes and practice.<ref>"The administration of justice shall always remain independent of the executive power. Rules to this effect shall be laid down by Statute ..." [http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html The Constitution of Denmark – Sections/Articles 62 and 64.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710092702/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html |date=10 July 2011 }}</ref> The Kingdom of Denmark does not have a single unified judicial system – Denmark has one system, Greenland another, and the Faroe Islands a third.<ref>{{harvnb|Gammelgaard|Sørensen|1998|p=18.}}</ref> However, decisions by the highest courts in Greenland and the Faroe Islands may be appealed to the Danish High Courts. The [[Supreme Court of Denmark|Danish Supreme Court]] is the highest civil and criminal court responsible for the administration of justice in the Kingdom.
=== Danish Realm ===
{{Further|Danish Realm}}
[[File:Kunoy.10.jpg|thumb|300px|The village of [[Kunoy (village)|Kunoy]] on [[Kunoy]] island, in the [[Faroe Islands]]. [[Kalsoy]] island is at right.]]
The Kingdom of Denmark is a [[unitary state]] that comprises, in addition to Denmark proper, two [[autonomous administrative division|autonomous territories]]<ref name="territory" /> in the [[North Atlantic Ocean]]: [[Greenland]] and the [[Faroe Islands]]. They have been integrated parts of the Danish Realm since the 18th century; however, due to their separate historical and cultural identities, these parts of the Realm have extensive political powers and have assumed [[legislative]] and administrative responsibility in a substantial number of fields.<ref>[http://www.gfbv.it/3dossier/eu-min/autonomy.html The working autonomies in Europe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309063149/http://www.gfbv.it/3dossier/eu-min/autonomy.html |date=9 March 2008 }} – Gesellschaft für bedrohte Völker (GFBV). Retrieved 13 March 2012.</ref> [[Home rule]] was granted to the Faroe Islands in 1948 and to Greenland in 1979, each having previously had the status of [[counties of Denmark|counties]].<ref name=stm>[http://www.stm.dk/_p_10988.html The unity of the Realm] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120161948/http://www.stm.dk/_p_10988.html |date=20 January 2013 }} – Statsministeriet – stm.dk. Retrieved 13 March 2012.</ref>
Greenland and the Faroe Islands have their own home governments and parliaments and are effectively [[self-governing]] in regards to domestic affairs apart from the judicial system and monetary policy.<ref name=stm /> [[High Commissioner]]s (''{{lang|da|Rigsombudsmand}}'') act as representatives of the Danish government in the Faroese [[Løgting]] and in the [[Parliament of Greenland|Greenlandic Parliament]], but they cannot vote.<ref name=stm /> The Faroese home government is defined to be an equal partner with the Danish national government,<ref>{{cite web|title=Act on the Faroese authorities acquisition of affairs and fields|url=https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=20991|website=retsinformation.dk|access-date=11 June 2014|language=da|trans-title=Lov om de færøske myndigheders overtagelse af sager og sagsområder|date=24 June 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120224148/https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=20991|archive-date=20 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> while the [[Greenlandic Inuit|Greenlandic people]] are defined as a separate people with the right to [[self-determination]].<ref>[https://www.retsinformation.dk:443/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=125052 ''Lov om Grønlands Selvstyre''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106211314/https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=125052 |date=6 November 2018 }} {{in lang|da}}. Retsinformation.dk. "I erkendelse af, at det grønlandske folk er et folk i henhold til folkeretten med ret til selvbestemmelse, bygger loven på et ønske om at fremme ligeværdighed og gensidig respekt i partnerskabet mellem Danmark og Grønland."</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country
! [[List of countries by population|Population]] {{small|(2020)}}
! Total area
! [[Capital city|Capital]]
! [[List of legislatures|Local parliament]]
! Premier
|-
| {{flag|Greenland}} {{small|(''{{lang|kl|Kalaallit Nunaat}}'')}}
| 56,081<ref name="Greenland pop">{{cite web|title=2020 Population|url=http://citypopulation.de/en/greenland/|access-date=1 April 2020}}</ref>
| {{convert|2,166,086|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|sigfig=6}}
| {{coat of arms|Nuuk}}
| ''[[Inatsisartut]]''
| [[Múte Bourup Egede]]
|-
| {{flag|Faroe Islands}} {{small|(''{{lang|fo|Føroyar}}'')}}
| 52,110<ref name="Faroer pop">{{cite web|title=Faroe Islands Population|url=http://citypopulation.de/en/faroe/cities/|publisher=Hagstova Føroya|access-date=1 April 2020}}</ref>
|{{convert|1,399|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|sigfig=5}}
| {{coat of arms|Tórshavn}}
| ''[[Løgting]]''
| [[Bárður á Steig Nielsen]]
|}
=== Administrative divisions ===
{{Main|Regions of Denmark|Municipalities of Denmark}}
{{Hatnote|Also related: [[Municipalities of the Faroe Islands]] and [[Municipalities of Greenland]]}}
<!--This section only details divisions with an administrate purpose-->
{{Danish regions|float=right}}
Denmark, with a total area of {{convert|43,094|km2|sqmi|lk=in|sigfig=5}}, is divided into five administrative regions ({{lang-da|regioner}}). The regions are further subdivided into [[List of municipalities of Denmark|98 municipalities]] (''{{lang|da|kommuner}}''). The easternmost land in Denmark, the [[Ertholmene]] archipelago, with an area of 39 hectares (0.16 sq mi), is neither part of a municipality nor a region but belongs to the [[Ministry of Defence (Denmark)|Ministry of Defence]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Jonas |last=Michael Kjær |title=Christiansø betaler ikke sundhedsbidrag |date=15 November 2006 |url=http://www.dr.dk/Regioner/Bornholm/Nyheder/Christiansoe/2006/11/15160130.htm |work=dr.dk |access-date=12 August 2007 |language=da |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011075640/http://dr.dk/Regioner/Bornholm/Nyheder/Christiansoe/2006/11/15160130.htm |archive-date=11 October 2007 }}</ref> The [[provinces of Denmark]] are statistical divisions of Denmark, positioned between the [[Regions of Denmark|administrative regions]] and [[municipalities of Denmark|municipalities]]. They are not administrative divisions, nor subject for any kind of political elections, but are mainly for statistical use.
The regions were created on 1 January 2007 to replace the 16 [[Counties of Denmark|former counties]]. At the same time, smaller municipalities were merged into larger units, reducing the number from 270. Most municipalities have a population of at least 20,000 to give them financial and professional sustainability, although a few exceptions were made to this rule.<ref>[http://www.citypopulation.de/Denmark.html Denmark: Regions, Municipalities, Cities & Major Urban Areas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120408144050/http://www.citypopulation.de/Denmark.html |date=8 April 2012 }} – Statistics and Maps on ''City Population''.</ref> The administrative divisions are led by directly elected councils, elected proportionally every four years; the most recent [[2021 Danish local elections|Danish local elections]] were held on 16 November 2021. Other regional structures use the municipal boundaries as a layout, including the [[Police of Denmark|police districts]], the [[courts of Denmark|court districts]] and the [[Ward (country subdivision)|electoral wards]].
==== Regions ====
The governing bodies of the regions are the [[local government|regional councils]], each with forty-one councillors elected for four-year terms. The councils are headed by regional district chairmen (''{{lang|da|regionsrådsformand}}''), who are elected by the council.<ref name="brief">{{cite book|title=The Danish Regions – in Brief|date=2007|publisher=Danske Regioner|location=Copenhagen|isbn=978-87-7723-471-2|edition=3rd revised}}</ref>
The areas of responsibility for the regional councils are the [[health care in Denmark|national health service]], [[social services]] and [[regional development]].<ref name="brief" /><ref name=regioner>{{cite web|title=Regional Tasks in Denmark|url=http://www.regioner.dk/in+english/regional+denmark/regional+tasks|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140510023358/http://www.regioner.dk/in+english/regional+denmark/regional+tasks|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 May 2014|publisher=Danske Regioner|access-date=23 August 2015}}</ref> Unlike the counties they replaced, the regions are not allowed to levy taxes and the health service is partly financed by a national health care contribution until 2018 (''{{lang|da|sundhedsbidrag}}''), partly by funds from both government and municipalities.<ref name=taxation1>{{cite web|title=The Danish Tax System|url=http://ias.au.dk/taxation/the-danish-tax-system/|publisher=[[Aarhus University]]|access-date=23 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821030836/http://ias.au.dk/taxation/the-danish-tax-system/|archive-date=21 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> From 1 January 2019 this contribution will be abolished, as it is being replaced by higher income tax instead.
The [[area]] and populations of the regions vary widely; for example, the [[Capital Region of Denmark|Capital Region]], which encompasses the [[Copenhagen metropolitan area]] with the exception of the subtracted province East Zealand but includes the [[Baltic Sea]] island of [[Bornholm]], has a population three times larger than that of [[North Denmark Region]], which covers the more sparsely populated area of northern Jutland. Under the county system certain densely populated municipalities, such as [[Copenhagen Municipality]] and [[Frederiksberg Municipality|Frederiksberg]], had been given a status equivalent to that of counties, making them first-level administrative divisions. These ''[[sui generis]]'' municipalities were incorporated into the new regions under the 2007 reforms.
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! [[Danish language|Danish]] name !! English name !! [[Administrative centre|Admin. centre]] !! Largest city <br /><small>(populous)</small>|| Population<br /><small>(April 2021)</small> !! Total area<br /><small>(km<sup>2</sup>)</small>
|-
|| Hovedstaden || [[Capital Region of Denmark]] || [[Hillerød]] || [[Copenhagen]] || style="text-align:right;"| 1,856,061 || style="text-align:right;"| 2,568.29
|-
|| Midtjylland || [[Central Denmark Region]] || [[Viborg, Denmark|Viborg]] || [[Aarhus]] || style="text-align:right;"| 1,333,245 || style="text-align:right;"| 13,095.80
|-
|| Nordjylland || [[North Denmark Region]] || [[Aalborg]] || [[Aalborg]] || style="text-align:right;"| 590,322 || style="text-align:right;"| 7,907.09
|-
|| Sjælland || [[Region Zealand]] || [[Sorø]] || [[Roskilde]] || style="text-align:right;"| 839,619 || style="text-align:right;"| 7,268.75
|-
|| Syddanmark || [[Region of Southern Denmark]] || [[Vejle]] || [[Odense]] || style="text-align:right;"| 1,224,100 || style="text-align:right;"| 12,132.21
|-
| colspan=6 |'''Source:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20180208230627/http://www.noegletal.dk/ Regional and municipal key figures]
|}
=== Foreign relations ===
{{Main|Foreign relations of Denmark}}
{{Hatnote|Also related: [[Foreign relations of the Faroe Islands]] and [[Foreign relations of Greenland]]}}
[[File:20211103 Nordiska Radets session Kopenhamn 808A9452 (51654525096).jpg|thumb|Danish prime minister [[Mette Frederiksen]] (second from left) with foreign counterparts at the [[Nordic Council]] in Copenhagen, 2021]]
Denmark wields considerable influence in Northern Europe and is a [[middle power]] in international affairs.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Behringer|first1=Ronald M.|title=Middle Power Leadership on the Human Security Agenda|journal=Cooperation and Conflict|volume=40|issue=3|pages=305–342|url=http://cac.sagepub.com/content/40/3/305.abstract|access-date=1 May 2016|date=September 2005|doi=10.1177/0010836705055068|s2cid=144129970|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106114255/http://cac.sagepub.com/content/40/3/305.abstract|archive-date=6 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> In recent years, Greenland and the Faroe Islands have been guaranteed a say in foreign policy issues such as fishing, [[whaling]], and geopolitical concerns. The foreign policy of Denmark is substantially influenced by [[Denmark and the European Union|its membership]] of the [[European Union]] (EU); Denmark including Greenland joined the [[European Economic Community]] (EEC), the EU's predecessor, in 1973.<ref group="N">The Faroese declined membership in 1973; Greenland [[withdrawal from the European Union|chose to leave]] the EEC in 1985, following [[1982 Greenlandic European Economic Community membership referendum|a referendum]].</ref> Denmark held the [[Presidency of the Council of the European Union]] on seven occasions, most recently from January to June 2012.<ref>{{cite web|title=Danish Presidency of the European Union 2012|url=http://eu2012.dk/en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120103093056/http://eu2012.dk/en|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 January 2012|publisher=European Union|access-date=25 May 2014}}</ref> Following [[World War II]], Denmark ended its two-hundred-year-long policy of [[Country neutrality (international relations)|neutrality]]. It has been a founding member of the [[NATO|North Atlantic Treaty Organization]] (NATO) since 1949, and membership remains highly popular.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3167.htm|title= US Department of State: Denmark|author= Government of the United States|access-date= 25 May 2014|df= dmy-all}}</ref>
As a member of [[Development Assistance Committee]] (DAC), Denmark has for a long time been among the countries of the world contributing the largest percentage of gross national income to [[development aid]]. In 2015, Denmark contributed 0.85% of its [[gross national income]] (GNI) to [[development aid|foreign aid]] and was one of only six countries meeting the longstanding UN target of 0.7% of GNI.<ref group="N">As measured in [[official development assistance]] (ODA). Denmark, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom
exceeded the United Nations' ODA target of 0.7% of GNI.</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=2015 Preliminary ODA Figures|url=http://www.oecd.org/dac/stats/ODA-2015-detailed-summary.pdf|publisher=OECD|access-date=1 May 2016|location=Paris|date=13 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508134014/http://www.oecd.org/dac/stats/ODA-2015-detailed-summary.pdf|archive-date=8 May 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The country participates in both bilateral and multilateral aid, with the aid usually administered by the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]]. The organisational name of [[Danish International Development Agency]] (DANIDA) is often used, in particular when operating bilateral aid.
=== Military ===
{{See also|Danish Defence|Military history of Denmark}}
[[File:Danish Military Police.JPG|thumb|left|Danish MP-soldiers conducting advanced law enforcement training]]
Denmark's [[armed forces]] are known as the [[Danish Defence]] ({{lang-da|Forsvaret}}). The Minister of Defence is [[commander-in-chief]] of the Danish Defence, and serves as chief [[diplomacy|diplomatic]] official abroad. During peacetime, the [[Ministry of Defence (Denmark)|Ministry of Defence]] employs around 33,000 in total. The main military branches employ almost 27,000: 15,460 in the [[Royal Danish Army]], 5,300 in the [[Royal Danish Navy]] and 6,050 in the [[Royal Danish Air Force]] (all including conscripts).{{citation needed|date=January 2021}} The [[Danish Emergency Management Agency]] employs 2,000 (including conscripts), and about 4,000 are in non-branch-specific services like the [[Defence Command (Denmark)|Danish Defence Command]] and the [[Danish Defence Intelligence Service]]. Furthermore, around 55,000 serve as volunteers in the [[Home Guard (Denmark)|Danish Home Guard]].
Denmark is a long-time supporter of international [[peacekeeping]], but since the [[NATO bombing of Yugoslavia]] in 1999 and the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|War in Afghanistan]] in 2001, Denmark has also found a new role as a warring nation, participating actively in several wars and invasions. This relatively new situation has stirred some internal critique, but the Danish population has generally been very supportive, in particular of the War in Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://riko.nu/gunnar-olesen-danmark-som-krigsnation-en-parentes-der-bor-lukkes/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215191400/http://riko.nu/gunnar-olesen-danmark-som-krigsnation-en-parentes-der-bor-lukkes/|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 February 2016|title=Denmark as a warring nation: A bracket that should be closed |first=Gunnar |last=Olesen |publisher=The council for international conflict resolution (RIKO) |date=7 September 2011 |language=da|access-date=1 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.information.dk/236879 |title=Danmark er en krisnation |first=Lasse |last=Lavrsen |publisher=Information |date=19 June 2010 |language=da |access-date=1 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160225044756/http://www.information.dk/236879 |archive-date=25 February 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Danish Defence has around 1,400<ref>{{cite web|url=http://forsvaret.dk/FMN/Verdenskort/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071227125607/http://forsvaret.dk/FMN/Verdenskort/ |archive-date=27 December 2007 |title=Forsvarsministerens Verdenskort |publisher=Ministry of Defense of Denmark |date=27 December 2007 |access-date=20 August 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> staff in international missions, not including standing contributions to [[Standing NRF Mine Countermeasures Group 1|NATO SNMCMG1]]. Danish forces were heavily engaged in the former Yugoslavia in the UN Protection Force ([[UNPROFOR]]), with [[IFOR]],<ref>{{cite book |title=Bosnia: What Every American Should Know |url=https://archive.org/details/bosniawhateverya00clar |url-access=registration |last=Clark |first=A.L.|year=1996 |publisher=Berkley Books |location=New York}}</ref> and now [[SFOR]].<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/Bosnia-Herzegovina/Bosnia-Herzegovina.htm |title=Bosnia-Hertsegovinia: The U.S. Army's Role in Peace Enforcement Operations 1995–2004 |publisher=[[United States Army Center of Military History]] |id=CMH Pub 70-97-1 |first=R. Cody |last=Phillips |location=Washington, D.C. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209001303/http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/Bosnia-Herzegovina/Bosnia-Herzegovina.htm |archive-date=9 December 2013 }}</ref> Between 2003 and 2007, there were approximately 450 Danish soldiers in [[Iraq]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2007/02/200852514261678446.html |title=Denmark follows UK Iraq pullout |publisher=Al Jazeera English |date=21 February 2007 |access-date=20 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121211081916/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2007/02/200852514261678446.html |archive-date=11 December 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> Denmark also strongly supported [[Operation Enduring Freedom|American operations]] in [[Afghanistan]] and has contributed both monetarily and materially to the [[International Security Assistance Force|ISAF]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dr.dk/Nyheder/Indland/2009/02/15/165853.htm |title=Danmarks Radio – Danmark mister flest soldater i Afghanistan |publisher=Dr.dk |date=15 February 2009 |access-date=5 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219224336/http://dr.dk/Nyheder/Indland/2009/02/15/165853.htm |archive-date=19 February 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> These initiatives are often described by the authorities as part of a new "active foreign policy" of Denmark.
== Economy ==
{{further|Economy of Denmark|List of companies of Denmark|List of largest Danish companies}}
{{Hatnote|Also related: [[Economy of the Faroe Islands]] and [[Economy of Greenland]]}}
[[File:Denmark Product Exports (2019).svg|upright=1.3|thumb|right|A proportional representation of Denmark exports, 2019]]
[[File:Lego Color Bricks.jpg|thumb|right|[[Lego]] bricks are produced by [[The Lego Group]], headquartered in [[Billund, Denmark|Billund]].]]
Denmark has a [[developed economy|developed]] [[mixed economy]] that is classed as a [[World Bank high-income economy|high-income economy]] by the [[World Bank]].<ref>[http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-and-lending-groups#High_income Country and Lending Groups.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702131322/http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-and-lending-groups#High_income |date=2 July 2014 }} World Bank. Accessed on 14 March 2016.</ref> In 2017, it ranked 16th in the world in terms of [[List of countries by GNI (PPP) per capita|gross national income (PPP) per capita]] and 10th in [[List of countries by GNI (nominal, Atlas method) per capita|nominal GNI per capita]].<ref name=wb>{{Cite web |url=http://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/GNIPC.pdf |title=Gross national income per capita 2017, Atlas method and PPP. World Development Indicators database, World Bank, 21 September 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2018. |access-date=6 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912071238/http://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/GNIpc.pdf |archive-date=12 September 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> Denmark's economy stands out as one of the most free in the [[Index of Economic Freedom]] and the [[Economic Freedom of the World]].<ref>[http://www.heritage.org/index/Ranking "Country Ratings"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916153902/http://www.heritage.org/index/ranking |date=16 September 2017 }}, 2012 Index of Economic Freedom. Retrieved 12 January 2012.</ref><ref name="2011-09-20_fraserinstitute">{{cite web | url = http://www.freetheworld.com/2011/reports/world/EFW2011_complete.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110926213117/http://www.freetheworld.com/2011/reports/world/EFW2011_complete.pdf | url-status=dead | archive-date = 26 September 2011 | title = Economic Freedom of the World: 2011 Annual Report Complete Publication (2.7 MB) | website = [[freetheworld.com]] | publisher = [[Fraser Institute]] | year = 2011 | access-date =20 September 2011 }}</ref> It is the 10th most competitive economy in the world, and 6th in Europe, according to the [[World Economic Forum]] in its ''Global Competitiveness Report 2018''.<ref name="wefcomp">{{cite web |url=http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/competitiveness-rankings/ |title=Global Competitiveness Report 2018 |publisher=World Economic Forum |access-date=6 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181208123549/http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2018/competitiveness-rankings/ |archive-date=8 December 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Denmark has the fourth highest ratio of [[tertiary education|tertiary degree]] holders in the world.<ref>[http://www.uis.unesco.org/Library/Documents/ged09-en.pdf UNESCO 2009 Global Education Digest] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111128145810/http://www.uis.unesco.org/Library/Documents/ged09-en.pdf |date=28 November 2011 }}, Shared fourth with Finland at a 30.3% ratio. Graph on p28, table on p194.</ref> The country ranks highest in the world for [[labor rights|workers' rights]].<ref>Kevin Short (28 May 2014). [https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/05/28/worst-countries-workers_n_5389679.html The Worst Places On The Planet To Be A Worker] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528214143/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/05/28/worst-countries-workers_n_5389679.html |date=28 May 2014 }}. ''[[The Huffington Post]].'' Retrieved 28 May 2014.</ref> GDP per hour worked was the 13th highest in 2009. The country has a market income inequality close to the [[OECD]] average,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oecd.org/eco/public-finance/TacklingincomeinequalityTheroleoftaxesandtransfers.pdf |title=Tackling income inequality. The role of taxes and transfers. |first1=Isabelle|last1=Joumard|first2=Mauro|last2=Pisu|first3=Debbie|last3=Bloch |publisher=OECD |date=2012 |access-date=10 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228060612/http://www.oecd.org/eco/public-finance/TacklingincomeinequalityTheroleoftaxesandtransfers.pdf |archive-date=28 December 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbs.dk/files/cbs.dk/new_papers_4.pdf |title=Sources and impact of rising inequality in Denmark |first1=Ioana|last1=Neamtu|first2=Niels|last2=Westergaard-Nielsen|date=March 2013 |access-date=10 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211011217/http://www.cbs.dk/files/cbs.dk/new_papers_4.pdf |archive-date=11 February 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> but after taxes and public cash transfers the income inequality is [[List of countries by income equality|considerably lower]]. According to [[Eurostat]], Denmark's [[Gini coefficient]] for disposable income was the 7th-lowest among EU countries in 2017.<ref name=eurostat>{{Cite web |url=http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do |title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey. Eurostat, last data update 20 November 2018, retrieved 6 December 2018. |access-date=6 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006122431/http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do |archive-date=6 October 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
According to the [[International Monetary Fund]], Denmark has [[List of minimum wages by country|the world's highest minimum wage]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2010/02/weodata/index.aspx |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2010 Edition |publisher=IMF |date=6 October 2010 |access-date=5 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110222101150/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2010/02/weodata/index.aspx |archive-date=22 February 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> As Denmark has no minimum wage legislation, the high wage floor has been attributed to the power of [[trade union]]s. For example, as the result of a collective bargaining agreement between the [[Fagligt Fælles Forbund|3F trade union]] and the employers group [[:da:Horesta|Horesta]], workers at [[McDonald's]] and other [[fast food chain]]s make the equivalent of [[United States dollar|US$]]20 an hour, which is more than double what their counterparts earn in the United States, and have access to five weeks' paid vacation, [[parental leave]] and a pension plan.<ref>Liz Alderman and Steven Greenhouse (27 October 2014). [https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/28/business/international/living-wages-served-in-denmark-fast-food-restaurants.html Living Wages, Rarity for U.S. Fast-Food Workers, Served Up in Denmark] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028002802/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/28/business/international/living-wages-served-in-denmark-fast-food-restaurants.html |date=28 October 2014 }}. ''[[The New York Times]].'' Retrieved 28 October 2014.</ref> Union density in 2015 was 68%.<ref>On Sweden and Denmark, see Anders Kjellberg and Christian Lyhne Ibsen [https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/ws/files/21682547/Kjellberg_og_Ibsen_2016_ur_Due_og_Madsen.pdf "Attacks on union organizing: Reversible and irreversible changes to the Ghent-systems in Sweden and Denmark"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309062312/https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/ws/files/21682547/Kjellberg_og_Ibsen_2016_ur_Due_og_Madsen.pdf |date=9 March 2017 }} in Trine Pernille Larsen and Anna Ilsøe (eds.)(2016) ''Den Danske Model set udefra (The Danish Model Inside Out) – komparative perspektiver på dansk arbejdsmarkedsregulering'', Copenhagen: Jurist- og Økonomforbundets Forlag (pp.292)</ref>
Once a predominantly [[agriculture|agricultural]] country on account of its [[arable land|arable]] landscape, since 1945 Denmark has greatly expanded its [[industrial base]] and [[service sector]]. By 2017 services contributed circa 75% of GDP, manufacturing about 15% and agriculture less than 2%.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://statistikbanken.dk/nabp10 |title=StatBank Denmark, Table NABP10: 1-2.1.1 Production and generation of income (10a3-grouping) by transaction, industry and price unit. Retrieved on December 6, 2018. |access-date=6 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117022122/http://statistikbanken.dk/NABP10 |archive-date=17 November 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Major industries include [[wind turbine]]s, [[pharmaceutical industry|pharmaceuticals]], [[medical equipment]], [[machinery]] and transportation equipment, [[food processing]], and [[construction]].<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web|date=3 December 2018|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/denmark/|title=Denmark|work=The World Factbook|publisher=CIA|access-date=18 December 2018}}</ref> Circa 60% of the total export value is due to export of goods, and the remaining 40% is from service exports, mainly sea transport. The country's main export goods are: wind turbines, pharmaceuticals, machinery and instruments, meat and meat products, dairy products, fish, furniture and design.<ref name="factbook2" /> Denmark is a net exporter of food and energy and has for a number of years had a [[balance of payments]] surplus which has transformed the country from a net debitor to a net creditor country. By 1 July 2018, the [[net international investment position]] (or [[net foreign assets]]) of Denmark was equal to 64.6% of GDP.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-datasets/-/TIPSII40 |title=Eurostat: Net international investment position – quarterly data, % of GDP. Last update 24 October 2018, retrieved December 6 2018. |access-date=6 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126221506/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-datasets/-/TIPSII40 |archive-date=26 November 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Svin ved Tarm, Jylland aug 2015 (20871345365).jpg|thumb|Denmark is a major producer and exporter of [[pork]] products.<!--http://www.worldstopexports.com/pork-exports-by-country/ no longer the largest exporter in the EU as of 2019.<ref>[http://www.cecmanitoba.ca/resource/hearings/22/21.pdf ''An Overview of Danish Pork Industry: Integration and Structure''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065103/http://www.cecmanitoba.ca/resource/hearings/22/21.pdf |date=4 March 2016 }} by Karen Hamann – The Institute for Food Studies & Agroindustrial Development. Access date: 23 July 2012.</ref>-->]]
A liberalisation of import tariffs in 1797 marked the end of [[mercantilism]] and further liberalisation in the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century established the Danish liberal tradition in international trade that was only to be broken by the 1930s.<ref>Mathias, Peter and Polard, Sidney (eds.) (1989) ''The Cambridge Economic History of Europe''. Cambridge University Press. p. 22.</ref> Even when other countries, such as Germany and France, raised protection for their agricultural sector because of increased American competition resulting in much lower agricultural prices after 1870, Denmark retained its free trade policies, as the country profited from the cheap imports of cereals (used as feedstuffs for their cattle and pigs) and could increase their exports of butter and meat of which the prices were more stable.<ref>{{cite book|author=Baten, Jörg |title=A History of the Global Economy. From 1500 to the Present.|date=2016|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=23|isbn=978-1-107-50718-0}}</ref> Today, Denmark is part of the [[European Union]]'s [[internal market]], which represents more than 508 million consumers. Several domestic commercial policies are determined by agreements among European Union (EU) members and by EU legislation. Support for [[free trade]] is high among the Danish public; in a 2016 poll 57% responded saw globalisation as an opportunity whereas 18% viewed it as a threat.<ref>{{in lang|da}} [https://finans.dk/finans/okonomi/ECE9155832/danskerne-og-lo-elsker-globalisering/?ctxref=ext Danskerne og LO elsker globalisering. Newspaper article 17 November 2016 on finans.dk. Retrieved 6 December 2018.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206192549/https://finans.dk/finans/okonomi/ECE9155832/danskerne-og-lo-elsker-globalisering/?ctxref=ext |date=6 December 2018 }}</ref> 70% of trade flows are inside the European Union. {{As of|2017}}, Denmark's largest export partners are Germany, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States.<ref name="factbook" />
Denmark's currency, the ''[[Danish krone|krone]]'' (DKK), is [[Fixed exchange rate|pegged]] at approximately 7.46 kroner per euro through the [[European Exchange Rate Mechanism|ERM II]]. Although a [[2000 Danish euro referendum|September 2000 referendum]] rejected adopting the [[euro]],<ref name=denmarkandtheeuro>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalbanken.dk/DNUK/Euro.nsf/side/Denmark_and_the_euro!OpenDocument |title=Denmark and the euro |access-date=3 February 2007 |date=17 November 2006 |publisher=[[Danmarks Nationalbank]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061116210231/http://nationalbanken.dk/DNUK/Euro.nsf/side/Denmark_and_the_euro!OpenDocument |archive-date=16 November 2006 }}</ref> the country follows the policies set forth in the [[Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union]] (EMU) and meets the economic [[Euro convergence criteria|convergence criteria]] needed to adopt the euro. The majority of the political parties in the Folketing support joining the EMU, but since 2010 opinion polls have consistently shown a clear majority against adopting the euro. In May 2018, 29% of respondents from Denmark in a [[Eurobarometer]] opinion poll stated that they were in favour of the EMU and the euro, whereas 65% were against it.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/index.cfm/Survey/getSurveyDetail/instruments/STANDARD/yearFrom/1999/yearTo/2018/surveyKy/2180 |title=Standard Eurobarometer 89, Spring 2018. The key indicators. Publication date June 2018. Retrieved 18 December 2018. |access-date=18 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226232843/http://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/index.cfm/Survey/getSurveyDetail/instruments/STANDARD/yearFrom/1999/yearTo/2018/surveyKy/2180 |archive-date=26 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Ranked by turnover in Denmark, the largest Danish companies are: [[A.P. Møller-Mærsk]] (international shipping), [[Novo Nordisk]] (pharmaceuticals), [[ISS A/S]] (facility services), [[Vestas]] ([[wind turbine]]s), [[Arla Foods]] (dairy), [[DSV (company)|DSV]] (transport), [[Carlsberg Group]] (beer), [[Salling Group]] (retail), [[Ørsted (company)|Ørsted A/S]] (power), [[Danske Bank]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The largest companies by turnover in Denmark|url=http://www.largestcompanies.com/toplists/denmark/largest-companies-by-turnover|website=largestcompanies.com|publisher=Nordic Netproducts AB|access-date=18 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106204016/http://www.largestcompanies.com/toplists/denmark/largest-companies-by-turnover|archive-date=6 November 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Public policy ===
{{See also|Flexicurity|Taxation in Denmark}}
{{Hatnote|Also related: [[Taxation in the Faroe Islands]] and [[Taxation in Greenland]]}}
Danes enjoy a high standard of living and the Danish economy is characterised by extensive government [[welfare state|welfare provisions]]. Denmark has a [[corporate tax]] rate of 22% and a special time-limited tax regime for expatriates.<ref>[http://www.investindk.com/Establishing-a-business-in-Denmark Business Environment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120221130914/http://www.investindk.com/Establishing-a-business-in-Denmark |date=21 February 2012 }}, Invest in Denmark</ref> The Danish taxation system is broad based, with a 25% [[value-added tax]], in addition to excise taxes, income taxes and other fees. The overall level of taxation (sum of all taxes, as a percentage of GDP) was 46% in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://statistikbanken.dk/sktryk |title=StatBank Denmark, SKTRYK: Tax level by national account groups. Retrieved December 6 2018. |access-date=6 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125073944/http://statistikbanken.dk/sktryk |archive-date=25 November 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The tax structure of Denmark (the relative weight of different taxes) differs from the OECD average, as the Danish tax system in 2015 was characterised by substantially higher revenues from taxes on personal income and a lower proportion of revenues from taxes on corporate income and gains and property taxes than in OECD generally, whereas no revenues at all derive from social security contributions. The proportion deriving from payroll taxes, VAT, and other taxes on goods and services correspond to the OECD average<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.oecd.org/tax/revenue-statistics-denmark.pdf |title=OECD Revenue Statistics 2018 – Denmark. Retrieved 18 December 2018. |access-date=18 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908202458/http://www.oecd.org/tax/revenue-statistics-denmark.pdf |archive-date=8 September 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{As of|2014}}, 6% of the population was reported to live below the [[poverty line]], when adjusted for taxes and transfers. Denmark has the 2nd lowest relative poverty rate in the [[OECD]], below the 11.3% OECD average.<ref name=OECD1>{{cite web|title=Society at a Glance 2014 Highlights: DENMARK OECD Social Indicators|url=http://www.oecd.org/denmark/OECD-SocietyAtaGlance2014-Highlights-Denmark.pdf|publisher=OECD|access-date=23 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924121312/http://www.oecd.org/denmark/OECD-SocietyAtaGlance2014-Highlights-Denmark.pdf|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The share of the population reporting that they feel that they cannot afford to buy sufficient food in Denmark is less than half of the OECD average.<ref name=OECD1 />
=== Labour market ===
Like other Nordic countries, Denmark has adopted the [[Nordic Model]], which combines [[free market]] capitalism with a comprehensive [[welfare state]] and strong [[worker protection]].<ref name="Nordic Model">{{cite web |url=http://www.iea.org.uk/sites/default/files/publications/files/Sweden%20Paper.pdf |title=The surprising ingredients of Swedish success – free markets and social cohesion |date=25 June 2013 |publisher=[[Institute of Economic Affairs]] |access-date=13 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102084545/http://www.iea.org.uk/sites/default/files/publications/files/Sweden%20Paper.pdf |archive-date=2 November 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> As a result of its acclaimed "flexicurity" model, Denmark has the freest [[labour economics|labour market]] in Europe, according to the World Bank. Employers can hire and fire whenever they want (flexibility), and between jobs, [[unemployment]] compensation is relatively high (security). According to OECD, initial as well as long-term net replacement rates for unemployed persons were 65% of previous net income in 2016, against an OECD average of 53%.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.oecd.org/els/benefits-and-wages.htm |title=Tax and Benefit Systems: OECD Indicators. Benefit generosity. Data retrieved 18 December 2018. |access-date=18 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181227040716/http://www.oecd.org/els/benefits-and-wages.htm |archive-date=27 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> Establishing a business can be done in a matter of hours and at very low costs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.investindk.com/Why-Denmark |title=The world's best business environment |publisher=Investindk.com |access-date=5 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701080756/http://www.investindk.com/Why-Denmark |archive-date=1 July 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> No restrictions apply regarding overtime work, which allows companies to operate 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.investindk.com/Why-Denmark/10-good-reasons |title=10 Good Reasons to Invest in Denmark |publisher=Investindk.com |access-date=12 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216124310/http://www.investindk.com/Why-Denmark/10-good-reasons |archive-date=16 February 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> With an employment rate in 2017 of 74.2% for people aged 15–64-years, Denmark ranks 9th highest among the OECD countries, and above the OECD average of 67.8%.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=LFS_SEXAGE_I_R |title=LFS by sex and age – indicators. OECD Statistics, data retrieved 18 December 2018. |access-date=18 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181217130806/https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=LFS_SEXAGE_I_R |archive-date=17 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> The unemployment rate was 5.7% in 2017,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/lfs/data/database |title=Eurostat Employment and Unemployment Database, Table une_rt_a. Unemployment by sex and age – annual average. Last update 31 October 2018. Retrieved 18 December 2018. |access-date=18 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223155807/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/lfs/data/database |archive-date=23 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> which is considered close to or below its structural level.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/2018-european-semester-convergence-programme-denmark_en.pdf |title=The Danish Government: Denmark's Convergence Programme 2018, p. 8. Publication date April 2018, retrieved 18 December 2018. |access-date=18 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226233059/https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/2018-european-semester-convergence-programme-denmark_en.pdf |archive-date=26 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
The level of [[unemployment benefits]] is dependent on former employment and normally on membership of an unemployment fund, which is usually closely connected to a trade union, and previous payment of contributions. Circa 65% of the financing comes from earmarked member contributions, whereas the remaining third originates from the central government and hence ultimately from general taxation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.information.dk/indland/2018/10/ny-undersoegelse-dag-statens-udgifter-dagpenge-tre-gange-mindre-1995|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181227040753/https://www.information.dk/indland/2018/10/ny-undersoegelse-dag-statens-udgifter-dagpenge-tre-gange-mindre-1995|url-status=dead|title=Ny undersøgelse: I dag er statens udgifter til dagpenge tre gange mindre end i 1995 | Information|archivedate=27 December 2018}}</ref>
=== Science and technology ===
{{See also|Internet in Denmark}}
[[File:Denmark Confirms Participation in E-ELT.jpg|thumb|With an investment of 8.5 million euros over the ten-year construction period, Denmark confirms participation in E-ELT.<ref>{{cite news|title=Denmark Confirms Participation in E-ELT|url=http://www.eso.org/public/announcements/ann13033/|access-date=17 April 2013|newspaper=ESO Announmentes|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130416044926/http://www.eso.org/public/announcements/ann13033/|archive-date=16 April 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>]]
Denmark has a long tradition of scientific and technological invention and engagement, and has been involved internationally from the very start of the [[scientific revolution]]. In current times, Denmark is participating in many high-profile international science and technology projects, including [[CERN]], [[ITER]], [[ESA]], [[International Space Station|ISS]] and [[E-ELT]]. Denmark was ranked 9th in the [[Global Innovation Index]] in 2021, down from 6th in 2020 and from 7th in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Innovation Index 2021 |url=https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/2021/|work=[[World Intellectual Property Organization]]|publisher=[[United Nations]]|access-date=5 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Release of the Global Innovation Index 2020: Who Will Finance Innovation?|url=https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/2020/index.html|access-date=2 September 2021|work=World Intellectual Property Organization|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Innovation Index 2019|url=https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/en/2019/index.html|access-date=2 September 2021|work=World Intellectual Property Organization|language=en}}</ref>
In the 20th century, Danes have also been innovative in several fields of the technology sector. Danish companies have been influential in the shipping industry with the design of the largest and most energy efficient container ships in the world, the [[Maersk Triple E class]], and Danish engineers have contributed to the design of [[MAN Diesel]] engines. In the software and electronic field, Denmark contributed to design and manufacturing of [[Nordic Mobile Telephone]]s, and the now-defunct Danish company [[DanCall]] was among the first to develop [[GSM]] mobile phones.
[[Life science]] is a key sector with extensive research and development activities. Danish engineers are world-leading in providing [[diabetes]] care equipment and medication products from Novo Nordisk and, since 2000, the Danish [[biotech]] company [[Novozymes]], the world market leader in enzymes for first generation starch-based [[bioethanol]], has pioneered development of enzymes for converting waste to [[cellulosic ethanol]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.canadianbiomassmagazine.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&Itemid=132&id=3101|title=Novozymes, the world's leading provider of enzymes to the biofuels industry|work=Canadian Biomass Magazine|access-date=7 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010095027/http://www.canadianbiomassmagazine.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&Itemid=132&id=3101|archive-date=10 October 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Medicon Valley]]'', spanning the [[Øresund Region]] between Zealand and Sweden, is one of Europe's largest life science [[business cluster|clusters]], containing a large number of life science companies and research institutions located within a very small geographical area.
Danish-born computer scientists and software engineers have taken leading roles in some of the world's programming languages: [[Anders Hejlsberg]] ([[Turbo Pascal]], [[Delphi (programming language)|Delphi]], [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]]); [[Rasmus Lerdorf]] ([[PHP]]); [[Bjarne Stroustrup]] ([[C++]]); [[David Heinemeier Hansson]] ([[Ruby on Rails]]); [[Lars Bak (computer programmer)|Lars Bak]], a pioneer in virtual machines ([[V8 (JavaScript engine)|V8]], [[Java virtual machine|Java VM]], [[Dart (programming language)|Dart]]). Physicist [[Lene Vestergaard Hau]] is the first person to stop light, leading to advances in [[quantum computing]], [[nanoscale engineering]], and [[linear optics]].
=== Energy ===
{{Main|Energy in Denmark}}
{{See also|Energy in the Faroe Islands|Energy in Greenland}}
[[File:DanishWindTurbines.jpg|thumb|[[Middelgrunden wind farm|Middelgrunden]], an offshore wind farm near Copenhagen]]
Denmark has considerably large deposits of oil and natural gas in the [[North Sea]] and ranks as number 32 in the world among net exporters of [[Petroleum|crude oil]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/country/country_energy_data.cfm?fips=DA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100304094837/http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/country/country_energy_data.cfm?fips=DA |archive-date=4 March 2010 |title=EIA – International Energy Data and Analysis for Denmark |publisher=Tonto.eia.doe.gov |date=15 May 2009 |access-date=29 May 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and was producing 259,980 barrels of crude oil a day in 2009.<ref>[http://www.indexmundi.com/energy.aspx?country=dk Denmark Crude Oil Production and Consumption by Year (Thousand Barrels per Day)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111204011430/http://www.indexmundi.com/energy.aspx?country=dk |date=4 December 2011 }} – indexmundi.</ref> Denmark is a long-time leader in [[wind power]]: In 2015 [[wind turbine]]s provided 42.1% of the total electricity consumption.<ref>[http://cphpost.dk/news/business/wind-energy-in-denmark-breaking-world-records.html Wind energy in Denmark breaking world records] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160119022407/http://cphpost.dk/news/business/wind-energy-in-denmark-breaking-world-records.html |date=19 January 2016 }} The Copenhagen Post, Retrieved 17. January 2016.</ref> {{As of|2011|05|alt=In May 2011}} Denmark derived 3.1% of its gross domestic product from renewable (clean) energy technology and energy efficiency, or around €6.5 billion ($9.4 billion).<ref>[http://news.yourolivebranch.org/2011/05/10/denmark-invests-the-most-in-clean-energy-per-gdp/ Denmark Invests the Most in Clean Energy per GDP] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516123405/http://news.yourolivebranch.org/2011/05/10/denmark-invests-the-most-in-clean-energy-per-gdp/ |date=16 May 2012 }} – yourolivebranch.org. Retrieved 3 January 2012</ref> Denmark is connected by [[electric transmission lines]] to other European countries.
[[Electricity sector in Denmark|Denmark's electricity sector]] has integrated energy sources such as wind power into the national grid. Denmark now aims to focus on intelligent battery systems ([[Vehicle-to-grid|V2G]]) and [[Electric vehicle|plug-in vehicles]] in the transport sector.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.energymap.dk/Technology-Areas/Intelligent-Energy/Plug-in-and-Electrical-Vehicles |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719122621/http://www.energymap.dk/Technology-Areas/Intelligent-Energy/Plug-in-and-Electrical-Vehicles |archive-date=19 July 2011 |title=Plug-in and Electrical Vehicles |publisher=EnergyMap.dk |access-date=10 October 2009}}</ref> The country is a member nation of the [[International Renewable Energy Agency]] (IRENA).<ref name="IRENAstates">{{cite news|title=Global support for International Renewable Energy Agency growing fast|url=http://www.irena.org/Menu/index.aspx?PriMenuID=13&mnu=Pri|date=10 September 2014|access-date=10 September 2014|publisher=IRENA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924015929/http://www.irena.org/menu/index.aspx?mnu=Pri&PriMenuID=13|archive-date=24 September 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
Denmark exported roughly 460 million [[Gigajoule|GJ]] of energy in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dst.dk/da/Statistik/emner/geografi-miljoe-og-energi/groent-nationalregnskab/energi-og-emissioner|title=Energi og emissioner|website=www.dst.dk|language=da|access-date=12 April 2020}}</ref>
=== Transport ===
{{Main|Transport in Denmark}}
{{See also|Transport in the Faroe Islands|Transport in Greenland}}
[[File:Denmark passenger and freight railway network.png|thumb|Denmark railway network]]
[[File:Copenhagen airport from air.jpg|thumb|[[Copenhagen Airport]] is the largest airport in Scandinavia and the [[List of the busiest airports in Europe|15th-busiest in Europe]].<ref name="cph" />]]
Significant investment has been made in building road and rail links between regions in Denmark, most notably the [[Great Belt Fixed Link]], which connects [[Zealand]] and [[Funen]]. It is now possible to drive from [[Frederikshavn]] in northern [[Jutland]] to [[Copenhagen]] on eastern Zealand without leaving the motorway. The main railway operator is [[DSB (railway company)|DSB]] for passenger services and [[DB Cargo]] for freight trains. The railway tracks are maintained by [[Banedanmark]]. The North Sea and the Baltic Sea are intertwined by various, international ferry links. Construction of the [[Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link]], connecting Denmark and Germany with a second link, will start in 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title=Denmark-Germany undersea Fehmarn tunnel gets go-ahead|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-33633879|access-date=19 August 2015|work=BBC News|date=23 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907101048/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-33633879|archive-date=7 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Copenhagen has a [[rapid transit]] system, the [[Copenhagen Metro]], and an extensive electrified suburban railway network, the [[S-train]]. In the four largest cities – [[Copenhagen]], [[Aarhus]], [[Odense]], [[Aalborg]] – [[light rail]] systems are planned to be in operation around 2020.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ring 3 summary report |url=http://www.ringtre.dk/fileadmin/filer/freesites/ringtre/filer/Letbane/Dokumenter/Resume_UK_final03.pdf |access-date=12 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413131909/http://www.ringtre.dk/fileadmin/filer/freesites/ringtre/filer/Letbane/Dokumenter/Resume_UK_final03.pdf |archive-date=13 April 2014 }}</ref>
[[Cycling in Denmark]] is a very common form of transport, particularly for the young and for city dwellers. With a network of bicycle routes extending more than 12,000 km<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitdenmark.dk/danmark/da-dk/menu/turist/inspiration/aktivferie/cykel/cykel-ruter-og-regioner.htm |title=Cykelruter og regioner |publisher=Visitdenmark.com |language=da |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315171238/http://www.visitdenmark.dk/danmark/da-dk/menu/turist/inspiration/aktivferie/cykel/cykel-ruter-og-regioner.htm |archive-date=15 March 2012 }}</ref> and an estimated 7,000 km<ref name="vcta">{{cite web |url=http://www.vcta.dk/OmVCTA.aspx |title=Vi cykler til arbejde 2011 |access-date=16 August 2011 |publisher=[[Dansk Cyklist Forbund]] |language=da |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724113337/http://www.vcta.dk/OmVCTA.aspx |archive-date=24 July 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> of [[Segregated cycle facilities|segregated dedicated bicycle paths and lanes]], Denmark has a solid [[cycling infrastructure|bicycle infrastructure]].
Private vehicles are increasingly used as a means of transport. Because of the [[car taxation|high registration tax]] (150%), [[VAT]] (25%), and one of the world's highest income tax rates, new cars are very expensive. The purpose of the tax is to discourage car ownership.
In 2007, an attempt was made by the government to favour environmentally friendly cars by slightly reducing taxes on high mileage vehicles. However, this has had little effect, and in 2008 Denmark experienced an increase in the import of fuel inefficient old cars,<ref>{{cite news |title=Tyske miljøzoner sender gamle biler til Danmark |date=9 January 2009 |url=http://politiken.dk/indland/ECE626918/tyske-miljoezoner-sender-gamle-biler-til-danmark/ |work=Politiken.dk |access-date=29 November 2010 |language=da |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430200435/http://politiken.dk/indland/ECE626918/tyske-miljoezoner-sender-gamle-biler-til-danmark/ |archive-date=30 April 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> as the cost for older cars—including taxes—keeps them within the budget of many Danes.
{{As of|2011}}, the average car age is 9.2 years.<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Transport|title=Statistical Yearbook 2012|publisher=dst.dk |chapter-url=http://www.dst.dk/pukora/epub/upload/16251/13tra.pdf |access-date=3 September 2012 }}</ref>
With Norway and Sweden, Denmark is part of the [[Scandinavian Airlines]] [[flag carrier]]. [[Copenhagen Airport]] is Scandinavia's busiest passenger airport, handling over 25 million passengers in 2014.<ref name="cph">{{cite web|title=Group Annual Report 2014|url=https://www.cph.dk/globalassets/om-cph/investor/publikationer/arsraporter_uk/cph_uk_ar_report_2015_03_18_final.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150616072050/http://www.cph.dk/globalassets/om-cph/investor/publikationer/arsraporter_uk/cph_uk_ar_report_2015_03_18_final.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 June 2015|website=cph.dk|publisher=Copenhagen Airports A/S|access-date=19 August 2015}}</ref> Other notable airports are [[Billund Airport]], [[Aalborg Airport]], and [[Aarhus Airport]].
== Demographics ==
{{Main|Demographics of Denmark}}
{{See also|Demographics of the Faroe Islands|Demographics of Greenland|List of urban areas in Denmark by population}}
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Population by ancestry (Q2 2020):<ref name="pop1" />
|label1 = People of Danish origin (including ''Faroese'' and ''Greenlandic'')
|value1= 86.11
|color1= DarkBlue
|label2 = Immigrant
|value2 = 10.56
|color2 = DarkGray
|label3 = Descendant of an immigrant
|value3 = 3.34
|color3 = MediumBlue
}}
=== Population ===
{{main|List of cities and towns in Denmark}}
The population of Denmark, as registered by [[Statistics Denmark]], was 5.825 million in April 2020.<ref name="pop1" /> Denmark has one of the oldest populations in the world, with the average age of 41.9 years,<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/denmark/|title=World Factbook EUROPE : DENMARK|work=[[The World Factbook]]|date=12 July 2018}}</ref> with 0.97 males per female. Despite a low birth rate, the population is growing at an average annual rate of 0.59%<ref name="factbook2" /> because of net immigration and increasing longevity. The [[World Happiness Report]] frequently ranks Denmark's population as the happiest in the world.<ref name="happiness">{{cite web|editor1-last=Helliwell |editor1-first=John |editor2-last=Layard |editor2-first=Richard |editor3-last=Sachs |editor3-first=Jeffrey |editor3-link=Jeffrey Sachs |title=World Happiness Report 2016 |url=http://5c28efcb768db11c7204-4ffd2ff276d22135df4d1a53ae141422.r82.cf5.rackcdn.com/HR-V1_web.pdf |publisher=Sustainable Development Solutions Network |access-date=17 March 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318091325/http://5c28efcb768db11c7204-4ffd2ff276d22135df4d1a53ae141422.r82.cf5.rackcdn.com/HR-V1_web.pdf |archive-date=18 March 2016 }}</ref><ref name=Earth_Institute_2013>Helliwell, John; Layard, Richard; Sachs, Jeffrey [http://www.earth.columbia.edu/sitefiles/file/Sachs%20Writing/2012/World%20Happiness%20Report.pdf World Happiness Report] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902171441/http://www.earth.columbia.edu/sitefiles/file/Sachs%20Writing/2012/World%20Happiness%20Report.pdf |date=2 September 2013 }}. ''[[The Earth Institute]]'' at [[Columbia University]], p. 8. See also: [http://unsdsn.org/files/2013/09/WorldHappinessReport2013_online.pdf World Happiness Report 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215838/http://unsdsn.org/files/2013/09/WorldHappinessReport2013_online.pdf |date=4 October 2013 }}, p. 23.; [https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/22/denmark-happiest-country_n_4070761.html Denmark Is Considered The Happiest Country. You'll Never Guess Why.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023134428/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/22/denmark-happiest-country_n_4070761.html |date=23 October 2013 }} ''[[Huffington Post]].'' 22 October 2013.</ref><ref name="BruceStokes">Stokes, Buce (8 June 2011). [https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2011/06/the-happiest-countries-in-the-world/240103/ The Happiest Countries in the World] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425034007/https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2011/06/the-happiest-countries-in-the-world/240103/ |date=25 April 2017 }}. ''[[The Atlantic]].'' Retrieved 20 September 2013</ref> This has been attributed to the country's highly regarded education and [[Health care in Denmark|health care]] systems,<ref name=Taylor>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/denmark-is-the-worlds-happiest-country--official-410075.html |title=Denmark is the world's happiest country – official – Europe, World |work=The Independent |location=London |date=1 August 2006 |access-date=5 May 2009 |first=Jerome |last=Taylor |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309234926/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/denmark-is-the-worlds-happiest-country--official-410075.html |archive-date=9 March 2009 }}</ref> and its low level of [[income inequality]].<ref name=eurogini>{{cite web|title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income (source: SILC)|url=http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di12|publisher=Eurostat Data Explorer|access-date=4 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045123/http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di12|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
Denmark is a historically [[Homogeneity (statistics)|homogeneous]] nation.<ref name="Thomas2016">{{cite book|first=Alastair H.|last=Thomas|title=Historical Dictionary of Denmark|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aPq6DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA11|year=2016|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-1-4422-6465-6|page=11}}</ref> However, as with its Scandinavian neighbours, Denmark has recently transformed from a nation of [[net migration|net emigration]], up until World War II, to a nation of net immigration. Today, [[residence permit]]s are issued mostly to immigrants from other EU countries (54% of all non-Scandinavian immigrants in 2017). Another 31% of residence permits were study- or work-related, 4% were issued to [[asylum seeker]]s and 10% to persons who arrive as family dependants.<ref>{{cite web|title=VAN8A: Immigrations (year) by citizenship, sex and residence permit|url=http://www.statbank.dk/VAN8A|publisher=[[Statistics Denmark]]|access-date=18 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012172855/http://www.statbank.dk/VAN8A|archive-date=12 October 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Overall, the net migration rate in 2017 was 2.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population, somewhat lower than the United Kingdom and the other Nordic countries.<ref name="factbook2" /><ref>For comparisons and developments see: {{cite journal|url=http://esa.un.org/miggmgprofiles/indicators/files/Denmark.pdf|title=Denmark – Migration Profiles|publisher=UNICEF|date=2013|access-date=5 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304194636/http://esa.un.org/miggmgprofiles/indicators/files/Denmark.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Statistics on migration only includes people changing citizenship and does not always provide a realistic picture of migration pressure. In Denmark, 5% of the population were non-citizens in 2005, which is a relatively high figure. See {{cite journal|url=https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/events/coordination/4/docs/P12_OECD.pdf|title=Counting Immigrant and Expatriates in OECD Countries: A New Perspective|publisher=OECD|pages=119–120|date=21 October 2005|access-date=5 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415081147/http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/events/coordination/4/docs/P12_OECD.pdf|archive-date=15 April 2016|url-status=live}} for example.</ref>
There are no official statistics on [[ethnic group]]s, but according to 2020 figures from Statistics Denmark, 86.11% of the population in Denmark was of [[Danes|Danish]] descent (including ''[[Faroese Dane|Faroese]]'' and ''[[Greenlandic people in Denmark|Greenlandic]]''), defined as having at least one parent who was born in the [[Realm of Denmark|Kingdom of Denmark]] and holds [[Danish nationality law|Danish Nationality]].<ref name="pop1">{{cite web|title=Population at the first day of the quarter by municipality, sex, age, marital status, ancestry, country of origin and citizenship|url=http://www.statbank.dk/FOLK1c|publisher=[[Statistics Denmark]]|access-date=2 October 2020|quote=January 2020}}</ref><ref group=N name="denonly group=N">This data is for Denmark [[wikt:proper#Adjective|proper]] only. For data relevant to [[Greenland]] and the [[Faroe Islands]] see their respective articles.</ref> The remaining 13.89% were of foreign background, defined as immigrants or descendants of recent immigrants. With the same definition, the most common countries of origin were [[Demographics of Turkey|Turkey]], [[Poles|Poland]], [[Syrians|Syria]], [[Germans|Germany]], [[Iraqis|Iraq]], [[Romanians|Romania]], [[Lebanon]], [[Pakistanis|Pakistan]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], and [[Somalis|Somalia]].<ref name="pop1" />
The [[Greenlandic Inuit|Inuit]] are indigenous to Greenland in the Kingdom and have traditionally inhabited Greenland and the northern parts of Canada and Alaska in the [[Arctic]]. From the 18th century up to the 1970s, the Danish government (Dano-Norwegian until 1814) have through time tried to assimilate the Greenlandic Inuit, encouraging them to adopt the majority language, culture and religion. Because of this "[[Danization]] process", several persons of Inuit ancestry now identify their mother tongue as Danish.
{{Largest cities of Denmark}}
=== Languages ===
{{Main|Languages of Denmark}}
{{See also|Languages of the Faroe Islands|Languages of Greenland}}
[[Danish language|Danish]] is the ''de facto'' [[national language]] of Denmark.<ref name="Ethnologue" /> [[Faroese language|Faroese]] and [[Greenlandic language|Greenlandic]] are the official languages of the Faroe Islands and Greenland respectively.<ref name="Ethnologue">{{cite book |editor1-first=M. Paul |editor1-last=Lewis |year=2009 |title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World |edition=16th |publisher=SIL International. |location=Dallas, Texas |isbn=978-1-55671-216-6 |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/ |access-date=27 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071227170852/http://www.ethnologue.com/ |archive-date=27 December 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[German language|German]] is a recognised [[minority language]] in the area of the former [[South Jutland County]] (now part of the [[Region of Southern Denmark]]), which was part of the German Empire prior to the [[Treaty of Versailles]].<ref name="Ethnologue" /> Danish and Faroese belong to the [[North Germanic languages|North Germanic]] (Nordic) branch of the [[Indo-European languages]], along with [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]], [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]], and [[Swedish language|Swedish]].<ref name="language">{{cite web|title=Language|url=http://www.norden.org/en/the-nordic-region/language|publisher=The Nordic Council|access-date=7 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140721051426/http://www.norden.org/en/the-nordic-region/language|archive-date=21 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> There is a limited degree of [[North Germanic languages#Mutual intelligibility|mutual intelligibility between Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish]]. Danish is more distantly related to German, which is a [[West Germanic languages|West Germanic]] language. Greenlandic or "Kalaallisut" belongs to the [[Eskimo–Aleut languages]]; it is closely related to the [[Inuit languages]] in Canada, such as [[Inuktitut]], and entirely unrelated to Danish.<ref name="language" />
A large majority (86%) of Danes speak [[English language|English]] as a second language,<ref>{{cite web|title=Europeans and their Languages|url=http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_243_en.pdf|work=[[Eurobarometer]]|publisher=[[European Commission]]|access-date=22 May 2014|date=February 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414102658/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_243_en.pdf|archive-date=14 April 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> generally with a high level of [[language proficiency|proficiency]]. German is the second-most spoken foreign language, with 47% reporting a conversational level of proficiency.<ref name="Ethnologue" /> Denmark had 25,900 [[first language|native speakers]] of German in 2007 (mostly in the South Jutland area).<ref name="Ethnologue" />
=== Religion ===
{{Main|Religion in Denmark}}
{{Hatnote|Also related: [[Religion in the Faroe Islands]] and [[Religion in Greenland]]}}
[[Christianity in Denmark|Christianity]] is the dominant religion in Denmark. In January 2020, 74.3%<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.km.dk/folkekirken/kirkestatistik/folkekirkens-medlemstal/|title=Folkekirkens medlemstal|website=Kirkeministeriet|language=da|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410190520/https://www.km.dk/folkekirken/kirkestatistik/folkekirkens-medlemstal/|archive-date=10 April 2020|access-date=5 April 2020}}</ref> of the population of Denmark were members of the [[Church of Denmark]] ({{lang|da|Den Danske Folkekirke}}), the [[state religion|officially established]] church, which is [[Protestant]] in classification and [[Lutheran]] in orientation.<ref>[http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html Denmark – Constitution] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710092702/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html |date=10 July 2011 }} – Part I – Section 4 [State Church]: "The Evangelical Lutheran Church shall be the Established Church of Denmark, and, as such, it shall be supported by the State."</ref><ref group="N">The Church of Denmark is the established church (or state religion) in Denmark and Greenland; the [[Church of the Faroe Islands]] became an independent body in 2007.</ref> The membership percentage have been in steadily decline since the 1970s, mainly as fewer newborns are being [[Baptism|baptised]] into it.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Thomsen Højsgaard|first=Morten|url=https://www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/derfor-forlader-flere-folk-kirken|title=Derfor mister kirken mere af folket|date=21 February 2018|work=Kristeligt Dagblad|access-date=5 April 2020|language=da}}</ref> Only 3% of the population regularly attend Sunday services<ref name="report 2009">{{cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2009/127307.htm|title=Denmark – Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor|year=2009|work=International Religious Freedom Report 2009|publisher=U.S. Department of State|access-date=23 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gallup.com/poll/13117/religion-europe-trust-filling-pews.aspx|title=Religion in Europe: Trust Not Filling the Pews|last=Manchin|first=Robert|date=21 September 2004|work=Gallup Poll|publisher=[[Gallup (company)|Gallup]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120155549/http://www.gallup.com/poll/13117/religion-europe-trust-filling-pews.aspx|archive-date=20 January 2013|access-date=23 August 2012}}</ref> and only 19% of Danes consider religion to be an important part of their life.<ref name="gallup-religiosity-poor-nations">{{cite web|last1=Crabtree|first1=Steve|title=Religiosity Highest in World's Poorest Nations|date=31 August 2010 |url=http://www.gallup.com/poll/142727/religiosity-highest-world-poorest-nations.aspx|publisher=Gallup|access-date=27 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823202612/http://www.gallup.com/poll/142727/religiosity-highest-world-poorest-nations.aspx|archive-date=23 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Roskilde Cathedral aerial.jpg|thumb|left|[[Roskilde Cathedral]] has been the burial place of Danish royalty since the 15th century. In 1995 it became a [[World Heritage Site]].]]
The [[Constitution of Denmark|Constitution]] states that the sovereign must have the Lutheran faith, though the rest of the population is free to adhere to other faiths.<ref>[http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html Denmark – Constitution] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710092702/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html |date=10 July 2011 }} – Part II – Section 6 .</ref><ref>[http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html Denmark – Constitution] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710092702/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html |date=10 July 2011 }} – Part VII – Section 70: "No person shall for reasons of his creed or descent be deprived of access to complete enjoyment of his civic and political rights, nor shall he for such reasons evade compliance with any common civic duty."</ref><ref name=FoR>[http://www.km.dk/fileadmin/share/Trossamfund/Freedom_of_religion.pdf Freedom of religion and religious communities in Denmark] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205165930/http://www.km.dk/fileadmin/share/Trossamfund/Freedom_of_religion.pdf |date=5 February 2012 }} – The Ministry of Ecclesiastical Affairs – May 2006</ref> In 1682 the state granted limited recognition to three religious groups dissenting from the Established Church: [[Roman Catholicism in Denmark|Roman Catholicism]], [[Reformed Synod of Denmark|the Reformed Church]] and [[History of the Jews in Denmark|Judaism]],<ref name=FoR /> although conversion to these groups from the Church of Denmark remained illegal initially. Until the 1970s, the state formally recognised "religious societies" by [[royal decree]]. Today, religious groups do not need official government recognition, they can be granted the right to perform weddings and other ceremonies without this recognition.<ref name=FoR /> [[Islam in Denmark|Denmark's Muslims]] make up approximately 4.4% of the population<ref name=jac2020>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tjekdet.dk/hvor-mange-muslimer-er-der-i-danmark|title=Hvor mange muslimer er der i Danmark?|work=tjekdet.dk|access-date=14 November 2020|language=da-DK}}</ref> and form the country's second largest religious community and largest minority religion.<ref name=jac2018>{{Cite news|url=https://www.religion.dk/religionsanalysen/hvor-mange-indvandrer-lever-i-danmark|title=Hvor mange muslimer bor der i Danmark?|work=religion.dk|access-date=8 February 2018|language=da-DK|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209134230/https://www.religion.dk/religionsanalysen/hvor-mange-indvandrer-lever-i-danmark|archive-date=9 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The Danish Foreign Ministry estimates that other religious groups comprise less than 1% of the population individually and approximately 2% when taken all together.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.um.dk/Publikationer/UM/English/Denmark/kap1/1-14.asp |title=Religion in Denmark |access-date=8 February 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060208030036/http://www.um.dk/Publikationer/UM/English/Denmark/kap1/1-14.asp |archive-date=8 February 2006 }} – From the [[Danish Foreign Ministry]]. Archive retrieved on 3 January 2012.</ref>
According to a 2010 [[Eurobarometer]] Poll,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_341_en.pdf |title=Special Eurobarometer, biotechnology, page 204 |others=Fieldwork: Jan–Feb 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101215001129/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_341_en.pdf |archive-date=15 December 2010 }}</ref> 28% of Danish nationals polled responded that they "believe there is a God", 47% responded that they "believe there is some sort of spirit or life force" and 24% responded that they "do not believe there is any sort of spirit, God or life force". Another poll, carried out in 2009, found that 25% of Danes believe [[Jesus]] is the [[son of God]], and 18% believe he is the [[Redeemer (Christianity)|saviour]] of the world.<ref>Poll performed in December 2009 among 1114 Danes between ages 18 and 74, [http://www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/artikel/350709:Kirke---tro--Hver-fjerde-dansker-tror-paa-Jesus ''Hver fjerde dansker tror på Jesus''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091225060504/http://www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/artikel/350709:Kirke---tro--Hver-fjerde-dansker-tror-paa-Jesus |date=25 December 2009 }} (One in four Danes believe in Jesus), Kristeligt Dagblad, 23 December 2009 {{in lang|da}}</ref>
=== Education ===
{{Main|Education in Denmark}}
{{Hatnote|Also related: [[Education in the Faroe Islands]] and [[Education in Greenland]]}}
[[File:Københavns universitet lektionskatalog 1537.jpg|thumb|upright|left|The oldest surviving Danish lecture plan dated 1537 from the [[University of Copenhagen]]]]
All educational programmes in Denmark are regulated by the [[Education Minister of Denmark|Ministry of Education]] and administered by local municipalities. ''[[Danish Folkeskole Education|Folkeskole]]'' covers the entire period of compulsory education, encompassing [[primary school|primary]] and lower [[secondary school|secondary education]].<ref name="edu">{{cite web|title=Overview of the Danish Education System|url=http://eng.uvm.dk/Education/Overview-of-the-Danish-Education-System|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111062215/http://eng.uvm.dk/Education/Overview-of-the-Danish-Education-System|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 January 2012|publisher=Danish Ministry for Children, Education and Gender Equality|access-date=28 April 2016}}</ref> Most children attend ''folkeskole'' for 10 years, from the ages of 6 to 16. There are no final examinations, but pupils can choose to sit an exam when finishing [[ninth grade]] (14–15 years old). The test is obligatory if further education is to be attended. Alternatively pupils can attend an [[independent school]] ({{lang|da|friskole}}), or a private school ({{lang|da|privatskole}}), such as [[Christian school]]s or [[Waldorf education|Waldorf schools]].
Following graduation from compulsory education, there are several continuing educational opportunities; the [[Gymnasium (Denmark)|Gymnasium (STX)]] attaches importance in teaching a mix of humanities and science, [[Higher Technical Examination Programme (HTX)]] focuses on scientific subjects and the [[Higher Commercial Examination Programme]] emphasises on subjects in economics. [[Higher Preparatory Examination (HF)]] is similar to ''Gymnasium (STX)'', but is one year shorter. For specific professions, there is [[Vocational secondary education in Denmark|vocational education]], training young people for work in specific [[trade (occupation)|trades]] by a combination of teaching and [[apprenticeship]].
The government records upper secondary school completion rates of 95% and [[tertiary education|tertiary]] enrollment and completion rates of 60%.<ref>{{cite web|title=Education Policy Outlook: Denmark|url=https://www.oecd.org/edu/EDUCATION%20POLICY%20OUTLOOK%20DENMARK_EN.pdf|publisher=OECD|access-date=27 April 2016|page=4|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161017183723/https://www.oecd.org/edu/EDUCATION%20POLICY%20OUTLOOK%20DENMARK_EN.pdf|archive-date=17 October 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> All [[university]] and college (tertiary) education in Denmark is free of charges; there are no tuition fees to enrol in courses. Students aged 18 or above may apply for state educational support grants, known as ''[[Student loans in Denmark|Statens Uddannelsesstøtte]] (SU)'', which provides fixed financial support, disbursed monthly.<ref>Rick Noack (4 February 2015). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2015/02/04/why-danish-students-are-paid-to-go-to-college/ Why Danish students are paid to go to college] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524062503/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2015/02/04/why-danish-students-are-paid-to-go-to-college/ |date=24 May 2015 }}. ''[[The Washington Post]].'' Retrieved 5 February 2015.</ref> Danish universities offer international students a range of opportunities for obtaining an internationally recognised qualification in Denmark. Many programmes may be taught in the [[English language]], the academic [[lingua franca]], in [[bachelor's degree]]s, [[master's degree]]s, [[doctorate]]s and [[student exchange program]]mes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://studyindenmark.dk/ |title=Study in Denmark, official government website on international higher education in Denmark |access-date=8 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510042940/http://studyindenmark.dk/ |archive-date=10 May 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
=== Health ===
{{See also|Health care in Denmark}}
[[File:Rigshospitalet_20130427_0004F_(8739514693).jpg|thumb|[[Rigshospitalet]] in Copenhagen]]
{{As of|2015}}, Denmark has a [[life expectancy]] of 80.6 years at birth (78.6 for men, 82.5 for women), up from 76.9 years in 2000.<ref name=WHO>{{cite web |title=Life expectancy |url=http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.688?lang=en |publisher=World Health Organization |access-date=20 August 2017 |date=6 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016022444/http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.688?lang=en |archive-date=16 October 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> This [[List of countries by life expectancy|ranks it]] 27th among 193 nations, behind the other [[Nordic countries]]. The ''National Institute of Public Health'' of the [[University of Southern Denmark]] has calculated 19 major risk factors among Danes that contribute to a lowering of the life expectancy; this includes smoking, alcohol, [[drug abuse]] and [[Sedentary lifestyle|physical inactivity]].<ref name="health report">{{cite book|last=Brønnum-Hansen|first=Knud Juel, Jan Sørensen, Henrik|title=Risk factors and public health in Denmark – Summary report|date=2007|publisher=National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark|location=København|isbn=978-87-7899-123-2|url=http://www.si-folkesundhed.dk/upload/2745_-_risk_factors_and_public_health_in_denmark.pdf|access-date=31 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222143524/http://www.si-folkesundhed.dk/upload/2745_-_risk_factors_and_public_health_in_denmark.pdf|archive-date=22 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Although the [[Obesity by country|obesity rate]] is lower than in North America and most other European countries,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2228rank.html |title=Obesity – Adult prevalence |publisher=CIA Factbook |access-date=20 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010185132/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2228rank.html |archive-date=10 October 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> the large number of Danes becoming [[overweight]] is an increasing problem and results in an annual additional consumption in the health care system of [[Danish krone|DKK]] 1,625 million.<ref name="health report" /> In a 2012 study, Denmark had the highest [[List of OECD countries by cancer rate|cancer rate]] of all countries listed by the [[World Cancer Research Fund International]]; researchers suggest the reasons are better reporting, but also lifestyle factors like heavy [[List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita|alcohol consumption]], [[Prevalence of tobacco consumption|smoking]] and physical inactivity.<ref>{{cite news|title = Why is Denmark the cancer capital of the world?|url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/news/8277418/Why-is-Denmark-the-cancer-capital-of-the-world.html|work = The Daily Telegraph|location = London|access-date = 4 January 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035731/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/news/8277418/Why-is-Denmark-the-cancer-capital-of-the-world.html|archive-date = 4 March 2016|url-status=live|df = dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = Data for cancer frequency by country|url = http://www.wcrf.org/int/cancer-facts-figures/data-cancer-frequency-country|publisher = WCRF|date = 2012|access-date = 4 January 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151230080530/http://www.wcrf.org/int/cancer-facts-figures/data-cancer-frequency-country|archive-date = 30 December 2015|url-status=live|df = dmy-all}}</ref>
Denmark has a [[universal health care|universal]] [[health care system]], characterised by being publicly financed through taxes and, for most of the services, run directly by the regional authorities. ''One'' of the sources of income is a national health care contribution (''{{lang|da|sundhedsbidrag}}'') (2007–11:8%; '12:7%; '13:6%; '14:5%; '15:4%; '16:3%; '17:2%; '18:1%; '19:0%) but it is being phased out and will be gone from January 2019, with the income taxes in the lower brackets being raised gradually each year instead.<ref name=taxation1 /> Another source comes from the municipalities that had their income taxes raised by 3 percentage points from 1 January 2007, a contribution confiscated from the former county tax to be used from 1 January 2007 for health purposes by the municipalities instead. This means that most [[health care provider|health care provision]] is free at the point of delivery for all residents. Additionally, roughly two in five have complementary [[health insurance|private insurance]] to cover services not fully covered by the state, such as [[physiotherapy]].<ref name=commonwealth /> {{As of|2012}}, Denmark spends 11.2% of its GDP on health care; this is up from 9.8% in 2007 (US$3,512 per capita).<ref name=commonwealth>{{cite web |title=International Profiles of Health Care Systems |url=http://www.commonwealthfund.org/~/media/Files/Publications/Fund%20Report/2010/Jun/1417_Squires_Intl_Profiles_622.pdf |publisher=The Commonwealth Fund |access-date=31 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228014404/http://www.commonwealthfund.org/~/media/Files/Publications/Fund%20Report/2010/Jun/1417_Squires_Intl_Profiles_622.pdf |archive-date=28 December 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> This places Denmark above the [[OECD]] average and above the other Nordic countries.<ref name=commonwealth /><ref>{{cite web|title=Country Comparison :: Life Expectancy at Birth|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2102rank.html|work=The World Factbook|publisher=CIA|access-date=31 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120024054/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2102rank.html|archive-date=20 January 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
=== Ghettos ===
{{Main|Immigration to Denmark|Ghetto (Denmark)}}
[[File:Janni_Milsted_fra_Mjoelnerparken_i_Koebenhavn_viser_et_projekt_frem,_hvor_beboerne_har_vaeret_med_til_at_plante_krydderurter_og_baerbuske_i_store_kasser_i_de_fire_garde_i_Mjoelnerparken.jpg|thumb|[[Mjølnerparken]] in Copenhagen]]
Denmark is the only country to officially use the word 'ghetto' in the 21st century to denote certain residential areas.<ref name="Reuters">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-denmark-immigration-widerimage/in-danish-ghettos-immigrants-feel-stigmatized-and-shut-out-idUSKCN1IU1DS|title=In Danish 'ghettos', immigrants feel stigmatized and shut out|last=Nielson|first=Emil Gjerding|work=U.S.|access-date=4 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704212835/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-denmark-immigration-widerimage/in-danish-ghettos-immigrants-feel-stigmatized-and-shut-out-idUSKCN1IU1DS|archive-date=4 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Since 2010, the [[Danish Ministry of Transport]], Building and Housing publishes the ''ghettolisten'' (List of ghettos) which in 2018 consists of 25 areas.<ref name="Reuters" /><ref name="NPR">{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2018/03/30/593979013/in-denmark-s-plan-to-rid-country-of-ghettos-some-immigrants-hear-go-home?t=1530707460545|title=In Denmark's Plan To Rid Country Of 'Ghettos,' Some Immigrants Hear 'Go Home'|work=NPR.org|access-date=4 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704212942/https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2018/03/30/593979013/in-denmark-s-plan-to-rid-country-of-ghettos-some-immigrants-hear-go-home?t=1530707460545|archive-date=4 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> As a result, the term is widely used in the media and common parlance.<ref name="NYT">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/01/world/europe/denmark-immigrant-ghettos.html|title=In Denmark, Harsh New Laws for Immigrant 'Ghettos'|access-date=4 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706100907/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/01/world/europe/denmark-immigrant-ghettos.html|archive-date=6 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The legal designation is applied to areas based on the residents' income levels, employment status, education levels, criminal convictions and non-Western ethnic background.<ref name="NPR" /><ref name="NYT" /><ref name="BBC">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-43214596|title=Danes to double penalty for ghetto crime|date=27 February 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=4 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718180541/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-43214596|archive-date=18 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, 8.7% of Denmark's population consisted of non-Western immigrants or their descendants. The population proportion of 'ghetto residents' with non-Western background was 66.5%.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-denmark-immigration/denmark-to-school-ghetto-kids-in-democracy-and-christmas-idUSKCN1IT1EO|title=Denmark to school 'ghetto' kids in democracy and Christmas|agency=Reuters Editorial|access-date=4 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704222846/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-denmark-immigration/denmark-to-school-ghetto-kids-in-democracy-and-christmas-idUSKCN1IT1EO|archive-date=4 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2018, the government has proposed measures to solve the issue of [[Social integration|integration]] and to rid the country of [[Parallel society|parallel societies]] and ghettos by 2030.<ref name="BBC" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name="localDK">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thelocal.dk/20180228/heres-what-we-know-about-denmarks-ghetto-plan|title=Here's what we know about Denmark's 'ghetto plan'|date=28 February 2018|access-date=4 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704213129/https://www.thelocal.dk/20180228/heres-what-we-know-about-denmarks-ghetto-plan|archive-date=4 July 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Time">{{Cite magazine|url=http://time.com/5328347/denmark-ghettos-policies/|title=What to Know About Denmark's Plan to End Immigrant "Ghettos"|magazine=Time|access-date=4 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705155619/http://time.com/5328347/denmark-ghettos-policies/|archive-date=5 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The measures focus on physical redevelopment, control over who is allowed to live in these areas, crime abatement and education.<ref name="NPR" /> These policies have been criticised for undercutting 'equality before law' and for portraying immigrants, especially Muslim immigrants, in a bad light.<ref name="NPR" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vox.com/world/2018/7/3/17525960/denmark-children-immigrant-muslim-danish-ghetto|title="No ghettos in 2030": Denmark's controversial plan to get rid of immigrant neighborhoods|work=Vox|access-date=4 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704182731/https://www.vox.com/world/2018/7/3/17525960/denmark-children-immigrant-muslim-danish-ghetto|archive-date=4 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> While some proposals like restricting 'ghetto children' to their homes after 8 p.m. have been rejected for being too radical, most of the 22 proposals have been agreed upon by a parliamentary majority.<ref name="Reuters" /><ref name="NYT" />
== Culture ==
{{Main|Culture of Denmark}}
{{See also|LGBT rights in Denmark|LGBT rights in the Faroe Islands|LGBT rights in Greenland}}
{{Hatnote|Also related: [[Culture of the Faroe Islands]] and [[Culture of Greenland]]}}
Denmark shares strong cultural and [[History of Scandinavia|historic]] ties with its [[Scandinavia]]n neighbours [[Sweden]] and [[Norway]]. It has historically been one of the most socially progressive cultures in the world. In 1969, Denmark was the first country to legalise [[pornography]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.um.dk/publikationer/um/english/factsheetdenmark/denmarkanoverview/html/chapter05.htm |title=Denmark – An Overview |website=Royal Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs |date=22 September 2007 |access-date=22 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080122084309/http://www.um.dk/publikationer/um/english/factsheetdenmark/denmarkanoverview/html/chapter05.htm |archive-date=22 January 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and in 2012, Denmark replaced its "[[Registered partnership in Denmark|registered partnership]]" laws, which it had been the first country to introduce in 1989,<ref>Sheila Rule: [https://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/02/world/rights-for-gay-couples-in-denmark.html "Rights for Gay Couples in Denmark"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080523/http://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/02/world/rights-for-gay-couples-in-denmark.html |date=4 March 2016 }} – ''[[The New York Times]]''. Published: 2 October 1989. Retrieved 7 June 2012</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://marriage.about.com/cs/samesexmarriage/a/samesex.htm |title=Same-Sex Marriage FAQ |publisher=Marriage.about.com |date=17 June 2003 |access-date=5 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212061255/http://marriage.about.com/cs/samesexmarriage/a/samesex.htm |archive-date=12 February 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> with [[gender-neutral marriage]], and allowed same-sex marriages to be performed in the [[Church of Denmark]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Denmark approves same-sex marriage and church weddings|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-18363157|work=BBC News|date=7 June 2012|access-date=20 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190116191027/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-18363157|archive-date=16 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Denmark passes bill allowing gays to marry in church |agency=AFP |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/390257/denmark-passes-bill-allowing-gays-to-marry-in-church/ |date=7 June 2012 |access-date=7 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120610034001/http://tribune.com.pk/story/390257/denmark-passes-bill-allowing-gays-to-marry-in-church/ |archive-date=10 June 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> Modesty and [[social equality]] are important parts of Danish culture.<ref>[http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/denmark-country-profile.html Denmark – Language, Culture, Customs and Etiquette. From Kwintessential] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120610114106/http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/denmark-country-profile.html |date=10 June 2012 }}. Retrieved 4 December 2008.</ref> In a 2016 study comparing empathy scores of 63 countries, Denmark ranked 4th world-wide having the highest empathy among surveyed European countries.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Chopik|first1=William J.|last2=O’Brien|first2=Ed|last3=Konrath|first3=Sara H.|date=2017|title=Differences in Empathic Concern and Perspective Taking Across 63 Countries|journal=Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology|language=en|volume=48|issue=1|at=Supplementary Table 1|doi=10.1177/0022022116673910|issn=0022-0221|hdl=1805/14139|s2cid=149314942|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
[[File:Kierkegaard 20090502-DSCF1495.jpg|thumb|upright|Statue of [[philosophy|philosopher]] [[Søren Kierkegaard]]]]
The astronomical discoveries of [[Tycho Brahe]] (1546–1601), [[Ludwig A. Colding]]'s (1815–1888) neglected articulation of the principle of [[conservation of energy]], and the contributions to atomic physics of [[Niels Bohr]] (1885–1962) indicate the range of Danish scientific achievement. The fairy tales of [[Hans Christian Andersen]] (1805–1875), the philosophical essays of [[Søren Kierkegaard]] (1813–1855), the short stories of [[Karen Blixen]] (penname [[Isak Dinesen]]), (1885–1962), the plays of [[Ludvig Holberg]] (1684–1754), and the dense, aphoristic poetry of [[Piet Hein (scientist)|Piet Hein]] (1905–1996), have earned international recognition, as have the symphonies of [[Carl Nielsen]] (1865–1931). From the mid-1990s, Danish films have attracted international attention, especially those associated with [[Dogme 95]] like those of [[Lars von Trier]].
A major feature of Danish culture is [[Jul (Denmark)|Jul]] (Danish [[Christmas]]). The holiday is celebrated throughout December, starting either at the beginning of Advent or on 1 December with a variety of traditions, culminating with the Christmas Eve meal.
There are seven heritage sites inscribed on the [[UNESCO]] [[List of World Heritage Sites in Northern Europe|World Heritage list in Northern Europe]]: [[Christiansfeld]], a Moravian Church Settlement, the [[Jelling stones|Jelling Mounds (Runic Stones and Church)]], [[Kronborg Castle]], [[Roskilde Cathedral]], and [[Par force hunting landscape in North Zealand|The par force hunting landscape in North Zealand]] and 3 in the [[List of World Heritage Sites in North America|World Heritage list in North America]]: [[Ilulissat Icefjord]], Aasivissuit — [[Nipisat Island|Nipisat]], [[Kujataa]] within the Kingdom of Denmark.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/dk|title=Denmark: Properties inscribed on the World Heritage List (8)|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=19 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120713012915/https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/dk|archive-date=13 July 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Human rights ===
{{Main|Human rights in Denmark}}
Denmark has been considered a progressive country, which has adopted legislation and policies to support women's rights, minority rights, and [[LGBT rights in Denmark|LGBT rights]]. Human rights in Denmark are protected by the state's Constitution of the [[Realm of Denmark|Realm]] ''([[Constitution of Denmark|Danmarks Riges Grundlov]])''; applying equally in Denmark proper, [[Greenland]] and the [[Faroe Islands]], and through the [[ratification]] of international human rights treaties.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=https://www.humanrights.dk/research/human-rights-in-denmark|title=Human rights in Denmark|website=The Danish Institute for Human Rights|publisher=The Danish Institute for Human Rights|language=en|access-date=14 May 2019|archive-date=25 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725111022/https://humanrights.dk/research/human-rights-in-denmark|url-status=dead}}</ref> Denmark has held a significant role in the adoption of both the [[European Convention on Human Rights]] and in the establishment of the [[European Court of Human Rights]] (ECHR). In 1987, the [[Folketing|Kingdom Parliament]] (''Folketinget'') established a national human rights institution, the Danish Centre of Human Rights, now the [[Danish Institute for Human Rights]].<ref name=":8" />
In 2009, a referendum on changing the Danish Act of Succession were held to grant [[absolute primogeniture]] to the Danish throne, meaning that the eldest child, regardless of gender, takes precedence in the line of succession. As it was not retroactive, the current successor to the throne is the eldest son of the King, rather than his eldest child. The Danish constitution Article 2 states that "The monarchy is inherited by men and women".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thedanishparliament.dk/-/media/pdf/publikationer/english/the_constitutional_act_of_denmark_2013,-d-,pdf.ashx |title=THE CONSTITUTIONAL ACT OF DENMARK |publisher=Folketinget.dk |access-date=21 October 2020}}</ref>
The Inuit have for decades been the subject of discrimination and abuse by the dominant colonisers from [[Danish colonization of the Americas|Europe]], those countries claiming possession of Inuit lands. The Inuit have never been a single community in a single region of [[Inuit]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.inuitcircumpolar.com/press-releases/four-countries-one-people-inuit-strengthen-arctic-co-operation/|title=Four Countries, One People: Inuit Strengthen Arctic Co-operation | Inuit Circumpolar Council Canada}}</ref> From the 18th century up to the 1970s, the Danish government (Dano-Norwegian until 1814) have through time tried to assimilate the [[indigenous people]] of Greenland, the [[Greenlandic Inuit]], encouraging them to adopt the majority language, culture and religion. Denmark has been greatly criticised by the Greenlandic community for the politics of ''Danization'' (50's and 60's) of and discrimination against the indigenous population of the country. Critical treatment paying non-Inuit workers higher wages than the local people, the relocation of entire families from their traditional lands into settlements, and separating children from their parents and sending them away to Denmark for schooling has been practised.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://digitalcommons.bard.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1276&context=senproj_s2018|title=Long-term Effects of Denmark's Colonization of Greenland}}</ref><ref>[https://saammaatta.gl//~/media/Forsoningskommission/Diverse/Endelig%20betænkning%20DK.pdf] Report published by the Greenland Reconciliation Commission</ref> Nevertheless, Denmark ratified, in 1996, to recognise the [[Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989|ILO-convention 169]] on [[indigenous people]] recommended by the UN.
In regard to LGBT rights, Denmark was the first country in the world to grant legal recognition to same-sex unions in the form of [[civil union|registered partnerships]] in 1989. On 7 June 2012, the law was replaced by a new [[Same-sex marriage in Denmark|same-sex marriage law]], which came into effect on 15 June 2012.<ref name=cphpost>[http://cphpost.dk/news/national/gay-marriage-legalised The Copenhagen Post, 7 June 2012: ''Gay marriage legalised''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216001423/http://cphpost.dk/news/national/gay-marriage-legalised |date=16 February 2013 }} Retrieved 19 September 2012</ref> [[Greenland]] and the [[Faroe Islands]] legalised same-sex marriage in April 2016,<ref name="Marriage Greenland">{{cite web|url=http://www.ft.dk/RIpdf/samling/20151/lovforslag/L35/20151_L35_som_vedtaget.pdf |title=Vedtaget af Folketinget ved 3. behandling den 19. januar 2016 Forslag til Lov om ændring af myndighedsloven for Grønland, lov om ikrafttræden for Grønland af lov om ægteskabets retsvirkninger, retsplejelov for Grønland og kriminallov for Grønland |publisher=[[Folketinget]] |date=19 January 2016 |access-date=28 January 2016|language=da}}</ref> and in July 2017 respectively.<ref name=PNews2017>{{Cite news|url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2017/06/19/denmark-approves-same-sex-marriage-in-the-faroe-islands/|title=Denmark approves same-sex marriage in the Faroe Islands|publisher=Pink News|date=19 June 2017|access-date=23 December 2017}}</ref> In January 2016, a resolution was implemented by the [[Folketing|Danish parliament]] which prevented [[transgender]] being classified as a [[Mental disorder|mental health condition]].<ref name=":0" /> In doing so, Denmark became the first country in [[Europe]] to go against the [[World Health Organization|World Health Organisation (WHO)]] standards, which classified transgender identity as being a mental health issue until June 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.care2.com/causes/denmark-to-the-who-trans-identity-is-not-a-mental-illness.html|title=Denmark to the WHO: Trans Identity Is Not a Mental Illness|last=Williams|first=Steve|date=20 May 2016|website=Care2 Causes|language=en|access-date=7 June 2019|archive-date=27 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327102635/https://www.care2.com/causes/denmark-to-the-who-trans-identity-is-not-a-mental-illness.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2018/06/20/transgender-not-mental-illness-world-health-organization/717758002/|title=Being transgender no longer classified as mental illness. Here's why|last=Simon|first=Caroline|date=20 June 2018|website=USA TODAY|language=en|access-date=7 June 2019}}</ref>
=== Media ===
<!--linked from {{Main|Media of Denmark}}-->
{{Main|Cinema of Denmark|Television in Denmark}}
{{See also|Cinema of the Faroe Islands|Television in Greenland}}
Danish [[mass media]] date back to the 1540s, when handwritten fly sheets reported on the news. In 1666, [[Anders Bording]], the father of Danish journalism, began a [[state media|state paper]]. In 1834, the first liberal, factual newspaper appeared, and the 1849 Constitution established lasting [[freedom of the press in Denmark]]. Newspapers flourished in the second half of the 19th century, usually tied to one or another political party or trade union. Modernisation, bringing in new features and mechanical techniques, appeared after 1900. The total circulation was 500,000 daily in 1901, more than doubling to 1.2 million in 1925.<ref name="media1">Kenneth E. Olson, ''The history makers: The press of Europe from its beginnings through 1965'' (LSU Press, 1966) pp 50 – 64, 433</ref> The [[German occupation of Denmark|German occupation]] during World War II brought informal censorship; some offending newspaper buildings were simply blown up by the Nazis. During the war, the underground produced 550 newspapers—small, surreptitiously printed sheets that encouraged sabotage and resistance.<ref name="media1" />
[[File:Lars von Trier 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|left|Director [[Lars von Trier]], who co-created the Dogme film movement]]
Danish cinema dates back to 1897 and since the 1980s has maintained a steady stream of productions due largely to funding by the state-supported [[Danish Film Institute]]. There have been three big internationally important waves of Danish cinema: erotic melodrama of the [[silent film|silent era]]; the increasingly explicit sex films of the 1960s and 1970s; and lastly, the [[Dogme 95]] movement of the late 1990s, where directors often used hand-held cameras to dynamic effect in a conscious reaction against big-budget studios. Danish films have been noted for their realism, religious and moral themes, sexual frankness and technical innovation. The Danish filmmaker [[Carl Theodor Dreyer|Carl Th. Dreyer]] (1889–1968) is considered one of the greatest directors of [[early cinema]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Carl Dreyer:Day of Wrath, Ordet, Gertrud|url=http://brightlightsfilm.com/29/carldreyer.php|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130307200514/http://brightlightsfilm.com/29/carldreyer.php|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 March 2013|work=Bright Lights Film Journal|access-date=1 July 2013|date=July 2000}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|last=Ebert|first=Robert|title=The Passion of Joan of Arc|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-the-passion-of-joan-of-arc-1928|work=Chicago Sun Times|access-date=1 July 2013|date=16 February 1997|quote=Carl Theodor Dreyer (1889–1968), the Dane who was one of the greatest early directors.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130610025315/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-the-passion-of-joan-of-arc-1928|archive-date=10 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
Other Danish filmmakers of note include [[Erik Balling]], the creator of the popular ''[[Olsen-banden]]'' films; [[Gabriel Axel]], an [[Academy Awards|Oscar]]-winner for ''[[Babette's Feast]]'' in 1987; and [[Bille August]], the [[Academy Awards|Oscar]]-, [[Palme d'Or]]- and [[Golden Globe Award|Golden Globe]]-winner for ''[[Pelle the Conqueror]]'' in 1988. In the modern era, notable filmmakers in Denmark include [[Lars von Trier]], who co-created the Dogme movement, and multiple award-winners [[Susanne Bier]] and [[Nicolas Winding Refn]]. [[Mads Mikkelsen]] is a world-renowned Danish actor, having starred in films such as ''[[King Arthur (2004 film)|King Arthur]]'', ''[[Casino Royale (2006 film)|Casino Royale]]'', the Danish film ''[[The Hunt (2012 film)|The Hunt]]'', and the American TV series ''[[Hannibal (TV series)|Hannibal]]''. Another renowned Danish actor [[Nikolaj Coster-Waldau]] is internationally known for playing the role of [[Jaime Lannister]] in the HBO series ''[[Game of Thrones]]''.
Danish mass media and news programming are dominated by a few large corporations. In printed media [[JP/Politikens Hus]] and [[Berlingske Media]], between them, control the largest newspapers ''[[Politiken]]'', ''[[Berlingske Tidende]]'' and ''[[Jyllands-Posten]]'' and major tabloids ''[[B.T. (tabloid)|B.T.]]'' and ''[[Ekstra Bladet]]''. [[Television in Denmark|In television]], publicly owned stations [[DR (broadcaster)|DR]] and [[TV 2 (Denmark)|TV 2]] have large shares of the viewers.<ref>[http://tvm.gallup.dk/tvm/pm/default.htm ''TNS-Gallup'' meter] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219144649/http://tvm.gallup.dk/tvm/pm/default.htm |date=19 February 2014 }}; Television station viewer statistics, figures for July 2012 (week 28). Retrieved 20 July 2012.</ref> DR in particular is famous for its high quality TV-series often sold to foreign broadcasters and often with leading female characters like internationally known actresses [[Sidse Babett Knudsen]] and [[Sofie Gråbøl]]. In radio, DR has a near monopoly, currently broadcasting on all four nationally available [[FM broadcasting|FM]] channels, competing only with local stations.<ref>{{cite web|title=Commercial radio|url=http://www.kulturstyrelsen.dk/english/media/media-structure-radio-and-tv/non-public-service-media/commercial-radio-and-tv/commercial-radio/|publisher=Danish Agency for Culture|access-date=14 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140515001233/http://www.kulturstyrelsen.dk/english/media/media-structure-radio-and-tv/non-public-service-media/commercial-radio-and-tv/commercial-radio/|archive-date=15 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
=== Music ===
{{Main|Music of Denmark}}
{{See also|Music of the Faroe Islands|Music of Greenland}}
[[File:Carl Nielsen - Wind Quintet - 3. Praeludium - Adagio. Tema con variazioni - Un poco andantino, Min Jesus lad min hjerte få.ogg|thumb|upright=0.9|A sample from [[Carl Nielsen]]'s [[Wind Quintet (Nielsen)|Wind Quintet]] with the theme from ''Min Jesus, lad mit hjerte få'']]
Denmark and its multiple outlying islands have a [[Danish traditional music|wide range of folk traditions]]. The country's most famous classical composer is [[Carl Nielsen]] (1865–1931), especially remembered for his six symphonies and his [[Wind Quintet (Nielsen)|Wind Quintet]], while the [[Royal Danish Ballet]] specialises in the work of the Danish choreographer [[August Bournonville]]. The [[Royal Danish Orchestra]] is among the world's oldest orchestras.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Royal Danish Orchestra |url=http://kglteater.dk/about-us/the-royal-danish-orchestra |publisher=The Royal Danish Theatre |access-date=14 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140507235232/http://kglteater.dk/about-us/the-royal-danish-orchestra |archive-date=7 May 2014 }}</ref> Danes have distinguished themselves as [[jazz]] musicians, and the [[Copenhagen Jazz Festival]] has acquired international recognition.
The modern [[pop music|pop]] and rock scene has produced a few names of international fame, including [[Aqua (band)|Aqua]], [[Alphabeat]], [[D-A-D]], [[King Diamond]], [[Kashmir (band)|Kashmir]], [[Lukas Graham]], [[Mew (band)|Mew]], [[Michael Learns to Rock]], [[MØ]], [[Oh Land]], [[The Raveonettes]] and [[Volbeat]], among [[List of Danish bands|others]]. [[Lars Ulrich]], the drummer of the band [[Metallica]], has become the first Danish musician to be inducted into the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]].
[[Roskilde Festival]] near Copenhagen is the largest music festival in Northern Europe since 1971 and Denmark has many [[List of festivals in Denmark|recurring music festivals]] of all genres throughout, including [[Aarhus International Jazz Festival]], [[Skanderborg Festival]], The Blue Festival in Aalborg, Esbjerg International Chamber Music Festival and [[Skagen Festival]] among many others.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160516134259/http://gaffa.com/festivalguide/dk Festivalguide] Gaffa {{in lang|da}}</ref><ref>[http://www.visitdenmark.dk/da/danmark/musikfestivaler-i-danmark Musikfestivaler i Danmark] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160703105033/http://www.visitdenmark.dk/da/danmark/musikfestivaler-i-danmark |date=3 July 2016 }} VisitDenmark {{in lang|da}}</ref>
Denmark has participated in the [[Eurovision Song Contest]] since 1957 and has won the contest three times, in [[Eurovision Song Contest 1963|1963]], [[Eurovision Song Contest 2000|2000]] and [[Eurovision Song Contest 2013|2013]].
=== Architecture and design ===
{{Main|Architecture of Denmark|Danish design}}
[[File:Pv jensen-klint 05 grundtvig memorial church 1913-1940.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Grundtvig's Church]] in Copenhagen, an example of expressionist architecture]]
Denmark's architecture became firmly established in the [[Middle Ages]] when first [[Romanesque style|Romanesque]], then [[Gothic style|Gothic]] churches and cathedrals sprang up throughout the country. From the 16th century, Dutch and Flemish designers were brought to Denmark, initially to improve the country's fortifications, but increasingly to build magnificent royal castles and palaces in the [[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance]] style.
During the 17th century, many impressive buildings were built in the [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] style, both in the capital and the provinces. [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassicism]] from France was slowly adopted by native Danish architects who increasingly participated in defining architectural style. A productive period of [[Historicism (art)|Historicism]] ultimately merged into the 19th-century [[National Romantic style]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitdenmark.com/irland/en-ie/menu/turist/inspiration/detkulturelledanmark/arkitektur/danish-architecture-an-overview.htm |title=Danish Architecture: An Overview |access-date=19 July 2011 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719130528/http://www.visitdenmark.com/irland/en-ie/menu/turist/inspiration/detkulturelledanmark/arkitektur/danish-architecture-an-overview.htm |archive-date=19 July 2011 }}, ''Visit Denmark''. Retrieved 3 September 2011.</ref>
The 20th century brought along new architectural styles; including [[expressionist architecture|expressionism]], best exemplified by the designs of architect [[Peder Vilhelm Jensen-Klint]], which relied heavily on Scandinavian brick Gothic traditions; and [[Nordic Classicism]], which enjoyed brief popularity in the early decades of the century. It was in the 1960s that Danish architects such as [[Arne Jacobsen]] entered the world scene with their highly successful [[Danish Functionalist style|Functionalist architecture]]. This, in turn, has evolved into more recent world-class masterpieces including [[Jørn Utzon]]'s [[Sydney Opera House]] and [[Johan Otto von Spreckelsen]]'s [[Grande Arche]] de la Défense in Paris, paving the way for a number of contemporary Danish designers such as [[Bjarke Ingels]] to be rewarded for excellence both at home and abroad.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ambhanoi.um.dk/en/menu/InfoDenmark/Danish+Culture/Architecture/ |title=Architecture |access-date=6 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206051248/http://www.ambhanoi.um.dk/en/menu/InfoDenmark/Danish+Culture/Architecture/ |archive-date=6 February 2010 }}, Embassy of Denmark, Hanoi. Retrieved 3 October 2011.</ref>
Danish design is a term often used to describe a style of [[Functionalism (architecture)|functionalistic]] design and architecture that was developed in the mid-20th century, originating in Denmark. Danish design is typically applied to industrial design, furniture and household objects, which have won many international awards. The [[Royal Copenhagen|Royal Porcelain Factory]] is famous for the quality of its ceramics and export products worldwide. Danish design is also a well-known brand, often associated with world-famous, 20th-century designers and architects such as [[Børge Mogensen]], [[Finn Juhl]], [[Hans Wegner]], [[Arne Jacobsen]], [[Poul Henningsen]] and [[Verner Panton]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100522002856/http://en.ddc.dk/denmarkbydesign "Danish by Design"], ''DDC''. Retrieved 4 September 2011.</ref> Other designers of note include [[Kristian Solmer Vedel]] (1923–2003) in the area of industrial design, [[Jens Quistgaard]] (1919–2008) for kitchen furniture and implements and [[Ole Wanscher]] (1903–1985) who had a classical approach to furniture design.
=== Literature and philosophy ===
{{Main|Danish literature|Danish philosophy}}
[[File:Constantin Hansen 1836 - HC Andersen.jpg|thumb|upright|left|A portrait of [[Hans Christian Andersen]] (1836), by [[Christian Albrecht Jensen]]]]
The first known Danish literature is myths and [[Danish folklore|folklore]] from the 10th and 11th century. [[Saxo Grammaticus]], normally considered the first Danish writer, worked for bishop [[Absalon]] on a chronicle of [[History of Denmark|Danish history]] (''[[Gesta Danorum]]''). Very little is known of other Danish literature from the [[Middle Ages]]. With the [[Age of Enlightenment]] came [[Ludvig Holberg]] whose comedy plays are still being performed.
In the late 19th century, literature was seen as a way to influence society. Known as the [[Modern Breakthrough]], this movement was championed by [[Georg Brandes]], [[Henrik Pontoppidan]] (awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]]) and [[Jens Peter Jacobsen|J. P. Jacobsen]]. [[Romanticism]] influenced the renowned writer and poet [[Hans Christian Andersen]], known for his stories and [[fairy tale]]s, e.g. ''[[The Ugly Duckling]]'', ''[[The Little Mermaid]]'' and ''[[The Snow Queen]]''. In recent history [[Johannes Vilhelm Jensen]] was also awarded the [[Nobel Prize for Literature]]. [[Karen Blixen]] is famous for her novels and short stories. Other Danish writers of importance are [[Herman Bang]], [[Gustav Wied]], [[William Heinesen]], [[Martin Andersen Nexø]], [[Piet Hein (Denmark)|Piet Hein]], [[Hans Scherfig]], [[Klaus Rifbjerg]], [[Dan Turèll]], [[Tove Ditlevsen]], [[Inger Christensen]] and [[Peter Høeg]].
Danish philosophy has a long tradition as part of [[Western philosophy]]. Perhaps the most influential Danish philosopher was [[Søren Kierkegaard]], the creator of [[Christian existentialism]]. Kierkegaard had a few Danish followers, including [[Harald Høffding]], who later in his life moved on to join the movement of [[positivism]]. Among Kierkegaard's other followers include [[Jean-Paul Sartre]] who was impressed with Kierkegaard's views on the individual, and [[Rollo May]], who helped create [[humanistic psychology]]. Another Danish philosopher of note is [[N. F. S. Grundtvig|Grundtvig]], whose philosophy gave rise to a new form of non-aggressive nationalism in Denmark, and who is also influential for his theological and historical works.
=== Painting and photography ===
{{Main|Danish art|Photography in Denmark}}
[[File:C W Eckersberg 1841 - Kvinde foran et spejl.jpg|thumb|right|upright|''Woman in Front of a Mirror'', (1841), by [[Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg]]]]
While Danish art was influenced over the centuries by trends in Germany and the Netherlands, the 15th and 16th century [[church frescos in Denmark|church frescos]], which can be seen in many of the country's older churches, are of particular interest as they were painted in a style typical of native Danish painters.<ref>[http://www.panoramas.dk/kalkmalerier/ Wall Paintings in Danish Churches from Panoramas.dk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128170607/http://www.panoramas.dk/kalkmalerier/ |date=28 November 2009 }}. Retrieved 12 August 2009. Adopting the [[Biblia pauperum]] approach, they present many of the most popular stories from the [[Old Testament|Old]] and [[New Testament]]s.</ref>
The [[Danish Golden Age]], which began in the first half of the 19th century, was inspired by a new feeling of nationalism and romanticism, typified in the later previous century by [[History painting|history painter]] [[Nicolai Abildgaard]]. [[Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg]] was not only a productive artist in his own right but taught at the [[Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts]] where his students included notable painters such as [[Wilhelm Bendz]], [[Christen Købke]], [[Martinus Rørbye]], [[Constantin Hansen]], and [[Wilhelm Marstrand]].
In 1871, [[Holger Drachmann]] and [[Karl Madsen]] visited [[Skagen]] in the far north of [[Jutland]] where they quickly built up one of Scandinavia's most successful [[Skagen Painters|artists' colonies]] specialising in [[Naturalism (arts)|Naturalism]] and [[Realism (arts)|Realism]] rather than in the traditional approach favoured by the academy. Hosted by [[Michael Ancher|Michael]] and his wife [[Anna Ancher|Anna]], they were soon joined by [[P.S. Krøyer]], [[Carl Locher]] and [[Laurits Tuxen]]. All participated in painting the natural surroundings and local people.<ref>[http://www.answers.com/topic/skagen Art Encyclopedia: Skagen.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301150825/http://www.answers.com/topic/skagen |date=1 March 2012 }} Retrieved 9 December 2008.</ref> Similar trends developed on Funen with the ''[[Fynboerne]]'' who included [[Johannes Larsen]], [[Fritz Syberg]] and [[Peter Hansen (painter)|Peter Hansen]],<ref name=Funish>[http://www.johanneslarsenmuseet.dk/page.asp?sideid=2301&zcs=2200 "The Funish Art Colony"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418012953/http://www.johanneslarsenmuseet.dk/page.asp?sideid=2301&zcs=2200 |date=18 April 2013 }}, ''Johannes Larsen Museet''. Retrieved 12 August 2011.</ref> and on the island of Bornholm with the [[Bornholm school of painters]] including [[Niels Lergaard]], [[Kræsten Iversen]] and [[Oluf Høst]].<ref>[http://www.roughguides.com/travel/europe/denmark/introduction-to-denmark.aspx The Bornholm School from the Rough Guide to Denmark.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120162042/http://www.roughguides.com/travel/europe/denmark/introduction-to-denmark.aspx |date=20 January 2013 }} Retrieved 10 December 2008.</ref>
Painting has continued to be a prominent form of artistic expression in Danish culture, inspired by and also influencing major international trends in this area. These include [[impressionism]] and the modernist styles of [[expressionism]], [[abstract painting]] and [[surrealism]]. While international co-operation and activity has almost always been essential to the Danish artistic community, influential art collectives with a firm Danish base includes [[De Tretten]] (1909–1912), [[Linien]] (1930s and 1940s), [[COBRA (avant-garde movement)|COBRA]] (1948–1951), [[Fluxus]] (1960s and 1970s), [[Junge Wilde|De Unge Vilde]] (1980s) and more recently [[Superflex]] (founded in 1993). Most Danish painters of modern times have also been very active with other forms of artistic expressions, such as sculpting, ceramics, art installations, activism, film and experimental architecture. Notable Danish painters from modern times representing various [[art movements]] include [[Theodor Philipsen]] (1840–1920, impressionism and naturalism), [[Anna Klindt Sørensen]] (1899–1985, expressionism), [[Franciska Clausen]] (1899–1986, Neue Sachlichkeit, cubism, surrealism and others), [[Henry Heerup]] (1907–1993, naivism), [[Robert Jacobsen]] (1912–1993, abstract painting), [[Carl Henning Pedersen]] (1913–2007, abstract painting), [[Asger Jorn]] (1914–1973, Situationist, abstract painting), [[Bjørn Wiinblad]] (1918–2006, art deco, orientalism), [[Per Kirkeby]] (b. 1938, neo-expressionism, abstract painting), [[Per Arnoldi]] (b. 1941, pop art), [[Michael Kvium]] (b. 1955, neo-surrealism) and Simone Aaberg Kærn (b. 1969, superrealism).
Danish photography has developed from strong participation and interest in the very beginnings of the [[history of photography|art of photography]] in 1839 to the success of a considerable number of Danes in the world of photography today. Pioneers such as [[Mads Alstrup]] and [[Georg Emil Hansen]] paved the way for a rapidly growing profession during the last half of the 19th century. Today Danish photographers such as [[Astrid Kruse Jensen]] and [[Jacob Aue Sobol]] are active both at home and abroad, participating in key exhibitions around the world.<ref>[http://www.photography-now.com/popup_ausst_5.php?id_ausstellungen=T50624 Contemporary Danish Photography. From Photography-Now] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120707000845/http://www.photography-now.com/popup_ausst_5.php?id_ausstellungen=T50624 |date=7 July 2012 }} . Retrieved 28 January 2010.</ref>
=== Cuisine ===
{{Main|Danish cuisine}}
{{See also|Faroese cuisine|Greenlandic cuisine}}
[[File:Smørrebrød-01.jpg|thumb|left|''Smørrebrød'', a variety of Danish open sandwiches piled high with delicacies]]
The traditional [[cuisine]] of Denmark, like that of the other Nordic countries and of [[Northern Germany]], consists mainly of meat, fish and potatoes. Danish dishes are highly seasonal, stemming from the country's agricultural past, its geography, and its climate of long, cold winters.
The open sandwiches on rye bread, known as ''[[smørrebrød]]'', which in their basic form are the usual fare for lunch, can be considered a national speciality when prepared and decorated with a variety of fine ingredients. Hot meals traditionally consist of [[ground meat]]s, such as ''[[frikadeller]]'' (meat balls of veal and pork) and ''hakkebøf'' (minced beef patties), or of more substantial meat and fish dishes such as ''[[flæskesteg]]'' (roast pork with crackling) and ''kogt torsk'' (poached cod) with mustard sauce and trimmings. Denmark is known for its [[Carlsberg Group|Carlsberg]] and [[Tuborg]] beers and for its [[akvavit]] and [[bitters]].
Since around 1970, chefs and restaurants across Denmark have introduced [[gourmet]] cooking, largely influenced by [[French cuisine]]. Also inspired by continental practices, Danish chefs have recently developed a new innovative cuisine and a series of gourmet dishes based on high-quality local produce known as [[New Danish cuisine]].<ref>{{cite web|title=new nordic recipes|url=http://denmark.dk/en/lifestyle/food-drink/new-nordic-recipes|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark|access-date=15 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807191139/http://denmark.dk/en/lifestyle/food-drink/new-nordic-recipes/|archive-date=7 August 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> As a result of these developments, Denmark now have a considerable number of internationally acclaimed restaurants of which several have been awarded [[Michelin Guide|Michelin stars]]. This includes [[Geranium (restaurant)|Geranium]] and [[Noma (restaurant)|Noma]] in Copenhagen.
=== Sports ===
{{Main|Sport in Denmark}}
{{Hatnote|Also related: [[Sport in the Faroe Islands]] and [[Sport in Greenland]]}}
[[File:Michael Laudrup 2016c.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Michael Laudrup]], named the best Danish football player of all time by the Danish Football Union]]
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Sports are popular in Denmark, and its citizens participate in and watch a wide variety. The [[national sport]] is [[association football|football]], with over 320,000 players in more than 1600 [[football club (association football)|clubs]].<ref>{{cite web|title=DIF specialforbunds medlems|url=http://public.tableausoftware.com/profile/#!/vizhome/DIFidraettenital2013-dif_dk/DIFmedl-foren-tal|publisher=Danmarks Idrætsforbund|access-date=15 June 2014|language=da|year=2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140526234318/http://public.tableausoftware.com/profile/#!/vizhome/DIFidraettenital2013-dif_dk/DIFmedl-foren-tal|archive-date=26 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Denmark qualified six times consecutively for the [[UEFA European Football Championship|European Championships]] between 1984 and 2004, and were crowned European champions in [[1992 UEFA European Football Championship|1992]]; other significant achievements include winning the Confederations Cup in 1995 and reaching the quarter-final of the 1998 World Cup. Notable Danish footballers include [[Allan Simonsen]], named the best player in Europe in 1977, [[Peter Schmeichel]], named the "World's Best Goalkeeper" in 1992 and 1993, and [[Michael Laudrup]], named the best Danish player of all time by the [[Danish Football Union]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Michael Laudrup bedste spiller gennem tiderne |publisher=DBU |date=13 November 2006 |url=http://www.dbu.dk/news/newsShow.aspx?id=235647 |access-date=18 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110517122915/http://www.dbu.dk/news/newsShow.aspx?id=235647 |archive-date=17 May 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>
There is much focus on [[handball]], too. The [[Denmark women's national handball team|women's national team]] celebrated great successes during the 1990s and has won a total of 13 medals – seven gold (in 1994, 1996 (2), 1997, 2000, 2002 and 2004), four silver (in 1962, 1993, 1998 and 2004) and two bronze (in 1995 and 2013). On the [[Denmark men's national handball team|men's side]], Denmark has won 12 medals—four gold (in 2008, 2012, 2016 and 2019), four silver (in 1967, 2011, 2013 and 2014) and four bronze (in 2002, 2004, 2006 and 2007)—the most that have been won by any team in [[European Men's Handball Championship|European Handball Championship]] history.<ref>{{cite web|title=National Team rankings|url=http://www.eurohandball.com/2013/article/011996|publisher=European Handball Federation|access-date=13 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203184111/http://www.eurohandball.com/2013/article/011996|archive-date=3 February 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2019, the Danish men's national handball team won their first [[Denmark men's national handball team#2019 World Championship|World Championship title]] in the tournament that was co-hosted between Germany and Denmark.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}}
In recent years, Denmark has made a mark as a strong [[cycle sport|cycling]] nation, with [[Michael Rasmussen (cyclist)|Michael Rasmussen]] reaching [[King of the Mountains]] status in the [[Tour de France]] in 2005 and 2006. Other popular sports include golf—which is mostly popular among those in the older demographic;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dif.dk/OmDIF/Forside/Idraetten%20i%20tal/medlemstal.aspx |title=Om DIF – Medlemstal |access-date=16 July 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716195104/http://www.dif.dk/OmDIF/Forside/Idraetten%20i%20tal/medlemstal.aspx |archive-date=16 July 2007 }} {{in lang|da}}, ''The National Olympic Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark''</ref> [[tennis]]—in which Denmark is successful on a professional level; [[basketball]]—Denmark joined the international governing body [[FIBA]] in 1951;<ref>[http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/271/nfProf.html Profile | Denmark] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114021234/http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/271/nfProf.html |date=14 November 2015 }}, Fiba.com. Retrieved 24 September 2015.</ref> rugby—the [[Danish Rugby Union]] dates back to 1950;<ref>Bath, Richard (ed.) ''The Complete Book of Rugby'' (Seven Oaks Ltd, 1997 {{ISBN|978-1-86200-013-1}}) p66. Archived from July 2007 and Retrieved June 2012.</ref> [[ice hockey]]— often competing in the top division in the Men's World Championships; rowing—Denmark specialise in lightweight rowing and are particularly known for their lightweight coxless four, having won six gold and two silver World Championship medals and three gold and two bronze [[Olympic Games|Olympic]] medals; and several indoor sports—especially [[badminton]], [[table tennis]] and gymnastics, in each of which Denmark holds World Championships and [[Denmark at the Olympics|Olympic medals]]. Denmark's numerous beaches and resorts are popular locations for fishing, canoeing, kayaking, and many other water-themed sports.
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== See also ==
{{Portal|Denmark|Faroe Islands}}
* [[Index of Denmark-related articles]]
* [[Outline of Denmark]]
*[[Religion in Denmark]]
{{-}}
== Explanatory notes ==
{{reflist|group="N"|30em}}
== Citations ==
{{reflist|30em}}
== General and cited sources==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book|last1=Stone|first1=Andrew|last2=Bain|first2=Carolyn|last3=Booth|first3=Michael|last4=Parnell|first4=Fran|title=Denmark|date=2008|publisher=Lonely Planet|location=Footscray, Victoria|isbn=978-1-74104-669-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/lonelyplanetdenm00andr/page/31 31]|edition=5th|url=https://archive.org/details/lonelyplanetdenm00andr|url-access=registration}}
* {{in lang|da}} Busck, Steen and Poulsen, Henning (ed.), "Danmarks historie – i grundtræk", Aarhus Universitetsforlag, 2002, {{ISBN|978-87-7288-941-2}}
* {{cite book |title= Den oövervinnerlige|last=Englund|first=Peter|authorlink=Peter_Englund|year=2000|publisher=Atlantis|location=Stockholm|isbn=978-91-7486-999-6|language=sv}}
* {{cite book |title= The Northern Wars (1558–1721)|first=Robert I.|last=Frost|year=2000|publisher=Pearson Education|isbn=978-0-582-06429-4}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Gammelgaard |first1=Frederik |last2=Sørensen |first2=Niels
|year=1998
|title=Danmark – en demokratisk stat
|publisher=Alinea
|isbn=978-87-23-00280-8|language=da}}
* {{cite book |title= Karl X Gustavs krig|last=Isacson |first= Claes-Göran |year= 2002 |publisher= Historiska Media |location= Lund |isbn= 978-91-85057-25-2|language=sv}}
* {{Cite book|last=Jørgensen |first=Gitte
|year=1995
|title=Sådan styres Danmark
|publisher=Flachs
|isbn=978-87-7826-031-4|language=da}}
* {{in lang|da}} Michaelsen, Karsten Kjer, "Politikens bog om Danmarks oldtid", Politikens Forlag (1. bogklubudgave), 2002, {{ISBN|978-87-00-69328-9}}
* {{in lang|sv}} Nationalencyklopedin, vol. 4, Bokförlaget Bra Böcker, 2000, {{ISBN|978-91-7024-619-7}}.
{{refend}}
== External links ==
{{Sister project links|Denmark|b=no|q=no|v=no|voy=Denmark}}
{{Scholia|country}}
* [http://www.denmark.dk/ Denmark.dk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201211054513/http://www.denmark.dk/ |date=11 December 2020 }}
* [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/denmark/ Denmark]. ''[[The World Factbook]]''. [[Central Intelligence Agency]].
* [https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/157748/Denmark Denmark] entry at ''[[Britannica.com]]''.
* {{cite EB9 |wstitle = Denmark |volume= VII |last= Gosse |first= Edmund William |author-link= Edmund Gosse | pages = 80–94 |short=1}}
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Denmark | volume= 8 |last= Gosse |first= Edmund William |author-link= Edmund Gosse | pages = 23–44 |short= 1}}
* {{Cite EB1922 |wstitle= Denmark |volume= 30 |last= Kristiansen |first= M. |short= 1}}
* {{curlie|Regional/Europe/Denmark}}
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17929661 Denmark profile] from the [[BBC News]].
* [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=DK Key Development Forecasts for Denmark] from [[International Futures]].
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Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff ) | '@@ -160,4 +160,5 @@
=== Early modern history (1536–1849) ===
{{Main|Denmark–Norway|Danish overseas colonies}}
+[[File:DanishColonialEmpireESTLAT.png|thumb|[[Danish overseas colonies]]<nowiki/>possessions in the mid-eighteenth century.]]
[[File:Denmark-Norway in 1780.svg|thumb|Extent of the [[Denmark–Norway|Dano-Norwegian Realm]]. After the Napoleonic Wars, Norway was ceded to Sweden while Denmark kept the [[Faroe Islands]], [[Iceland]] and [[Greenland]].]]
After Sweden permanently [[History of Sweden (1523–1611)|broke away]] from the personal union, Denmark tried on several occasions to reassert control over its neighbour. King [[Christian IV of Denmark|Christian IV]] attacked Sweden in the 1611–1613 [[Kalmar War]] but failed to accomplish his main objective of forcing it to return to the union. The war led to no territorial changes, but Sweden was forced to pay a [[war reparations|war indemnity]] of 1 million [[silver]] [[riksdaler]] to Denmark, an amount known as the ''[[Treaty of Stettin (1570)|Älvsborg ransom]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.smb.nu/svenskakrig/1611.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011111014/http://smb.nu/svenskakrig/1611.asp |archive-date=11 October 2007 |title=Kalmarkriget 1611–1613 |access-date=4 May 2007 |publisher=Svenskt Militärhistoriskt Bibliotek |url-status=dead }}</ref> King Christian used this money to found several towns and fortresses, most notably [[Glückstadt]] (founded as a rival to [[Hamburg]]) and [[Oslo|Christiania]]. Inspired by the [[Dutch East India Company]], he founded a similar [[Danish East India Company|Danish company]] and planned to claim [[Sri Lanka|Ceylon]] as a colony, but the company only managed to acquire [[Tharangambadi|Tranquebar]] on India's [[Coromandel Coast]]. Denmark's large colonial aspirations included a few key [[trading posts]] in [[Africa]] and [[India]]. While Denmark's trading posts in India were of little note, it played an important role in the highly lucrative [[Atlantic slave trade]], through its trading outposts in [[Osu Castle|Fort Christiansborg]] in [[Osu, Accra|Osu]], [[Ghana]] through which 1.5 million slaves were traded.<ref name="guardian6nov2018">{{cite news |last1=Rawlinson |first1=Kevin |title=Prince Charles says Britain's role in slave trade was an atrocity |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/nov/05/prince-charles-says-britains-part-in-transatlantic-slave-trade-was-atrocity |access-date=6 November 2018 |newspaper=The Guardian |date=5 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105232718/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/nov/05/prince-charles-says-britains-part-in-transatlantic-slave-trade-was-atrocity |archive-date=5 November 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> While the Danish colonial empire was sustained by trade with other major powers, and [[plantation]]s – ultimately a lack of resources led to its stagnation.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=James Stuart |editor1-last=Olson |editor2-first=Robert |editor2-last=Shadle |year=1991 |title=Historical Dictionary of European Imperialism |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uyqepNdgUWkC&pg=PA167|access-date=15 May 2014|isbn=978-0-313-26257-9 }}</ref>
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405 => 'https://www.information.dk/indland/2018/10/ny-undersoegelse-dag-statens-udgifter-dagpenge-tre-gange-mindre-1995',
406 => 'https://www.inuitcircumpolar.com/press-releases/four-countries-one-people-inuit-strengthen-arctic-co-operation/',
407 => 'https://www.km.dk/folkekirken/kirkestatistik/folkekirkens-medlemstal/',
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409 => 'https://www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/derfor-forlader-flere-folk-kirken',
410 => 'https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/denmarks-new-centre-right-government-takes-power-776116',
411 => 'https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2018/03/30/593979013/in-denmark-s-plan-to-rid-country-of-ghettos-some-immigrants-hear-go-home?t=1530707460545',
412 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/02/world/rights-for-gay-couples-in-denmark.html',
413 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/28/business/international/living-wages-served-in-denmark-fast-food-restaurants.html',
414 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/01/world/europe/denmark-immigrant-ghettos.html',
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418 => 'https://www.religion.dk/religionsanalysen/hvor-mange-indvandrer-lever-i-danmark',
419 => 'https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=20991',
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422 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-denmark-immigration-widerimage/in-danish-ghettos-immigrants-feel-stigmatized-and-shut-out-idUSKCN1IU1DS',
423 => 'https://www.reuters.com/article/us-denmark-immigration/denmark-to-school-ghetto-kids-in-democracy-and-christmas-idUSKCN1IT1EO',
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426 => 'https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2011/06/the-happiest-countries-in-the-world/240103/',
427 => 'https://www.thedanishparliament.dk/-/media/pdf/publikationer/english/the_constitutional_act_of_denmark_2013,-d-,pdf.ashx',
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432 => 'https://www.tjekdet.dk/hvor-mange-muslimer-er-der-i-danmark',
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Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html ) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Country in Northern Europe</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the metropolitan Denmark. For the sovereign state, see <a href="/wiki/Danish_Realm" title="Danish Realm">Danish Realm</a>. For all other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Denmark_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Denmark (disambiguation)">Denmark (disambiguation)</a>.</div>
<p>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1073938472">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Denmark&params=56_N_10_E_type:country_scale:3000000_region:DK"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">56°N</span> <span class="longitude">10°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">56°N 10°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">56; 10</span></span></span></a></span></span></span>
</p>
<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Constituent country in the Kingdom of Denmark</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192207">.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;width:23em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div td,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-official-below{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-other{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-caption{padding-top:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-motto{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-elevation{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="infobox ib-pol-div vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Denmark</div><div class="ib-pol-div-native nickname"><span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">Danmark</i></span>  <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Danish_Realm" title="Danish Realm">Constituent country in the Kingdom of Denmark</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style>
<div class="ib-settlement-cols">
<div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Denmark.svg" class="image" title="Flag of Denmark"><img alt="Flag of Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/125px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="94" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/188px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/250px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Denmark" title="Flag of Denmark">Flag</a></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Coat_of_arms_of_Denmark.svg" class="image" title="Official seal of Denmark"><img alt="Official seal of Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/National_Coat_of_arms_of_Denmark.svg/65px-National_Coat_of_arms_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="65" height="114" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/National_Coat_of_arms_of_Denmark.svg/98px-National_Coat_of_arms_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/National_Coat_of_arms_of_Denmark.svg/130px-National_Coat_of_arms_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="526" /></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Denmark" title="Coat of arms of Denmark">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Motto</b>: <div class="ib-pol-div-motto nickname"><span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">Guds hjælp, folkets kærlighed, Danmarks styrke</i></span>  <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[N 1]</a></sup><br />(English: <span lang="en">"God's help, the love of the people, Denmark's strength"</span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[1]</a></sup>)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Anthem</b>: <span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da"><a href="/wiki/Der_er_et_yndigt_land" title="Der er et yndigt land">Der er et yndigt land</a></i></span>  <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>)</span><br />(English: <span lang="en">"There is a lovely country"</span>)<div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="80" data-mwtitle="United_States_Navy_Band_-_Der_er_et_yndigt_land.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/United_States_Navy_Band_-_Der_er_et_yndigt_land.ogg/United_States_Navy_Band_-_Der_er_et_yndigt_land.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-title="MP3" data-shorttitle="MP3" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" data-bandwidth="197760" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/United_States_Navy_Band_-_Der_er_et_yndigt_land.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-title="Original Ogg file (357 kbps)" data-shorttitle="Ogg source" data-width="0" data-height="0" data-bandwidth="356613" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Der_er_et_yndigt_land.ogg&lang=da&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="da" label="dansk (da)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Der_er_et_yndigt_land.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English (en)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Der_er_et_yndigt_land.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español (es)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Der_er_et_yndigt_land.ogg&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia (id)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Der_er_et_yndigt_land.ogg&lang=ko&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어 (ko)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Der_er_et_yndigt_land.ogg&lang=pl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pl" label="polski (pl)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Der_er_et_yndigt_land.ogg&lang=ru&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ru" label="русский (ru)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Der_er_et_yndigt_land.ogg&lang=sr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sr" label="српски / srpski (sr)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Der_er_et_yndigt_land.ogg&lang=th&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="th" label="ไทย (th)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Der_er_et_yndigt_land.ogg&lang=uk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="uk" label="українська (uk)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Der_er_et_yndigt_land.ogg&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文(繁體) (zh-hant)" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>National and royal anthem</b>: <span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da"><a href="/wiki/Kong_Christian_stod_ved_h%C3%B8jen_mast" title="Kong Christian stod ved højen mast">Kong Christian stod ved højen mast</a></i></span>  <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[N 2]</a></sup><br />(English: <span lang="en">"King Christian stood by the lofty mast"</span>)<div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="71" data-mwtitle="United_States_Navy_Band_-_Kong_Kristian_stod_ved_højen_mast.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/United_States_Navy_Band_-_Kong_Kristian_stod_ved_h%C3%B8jen_mast.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-title="Original Ogg file (162 kbps)" data-shorttitle="Ogg source" data-width="0" data-height="0" data-bandwidth="161733" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/United_States_Navy_Band_-_Kong_Kristian_stod_ved_h%C3%B8jen_mast.ogg/United_States_Navy_Band_-_Kong_Kristian_stod_ved_h%C3%B8jen_mast.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-title="MP3" data-shorttitle="MP3" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" data-bandwidth="199880" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Kong_Kristian_stod_ved_h%C3%B8jen_mast.ogg&lang=da&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="da" label="dansk (da)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Kong_Kristian_stod_ved_h%C3%B8jen_mast.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English (en)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Kong_Kristian_stod_ved_h%C3%B8jen_mast.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español (es)" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:EU-Denmark.svg" class="image" title="Location of metropolitan Denmark[N 3] (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey) – in the European Union (green)"><img alt="Location of metropolitan Denmark[N 3] (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey) – in the European Union (green)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/EU-Denmark.svg/250px-EU-Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/EU-Denmark.svg/375px-EU-Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/EU-Denmark.svg/500px-EU-Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></a><div class="ib-pol-div-caption"><div style="text-align:center;line-height:1.15em;">Location of metropolitan Denmark<sup id="cite_ref-proper_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proper-5">[N 3]</a></sup> (dark green)<p style="text-align:left;margin-left:1.2ex;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;line-height:1.15em;">– in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> (green & dark grey)<br />– in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (green)</p></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Danish_Realm" title="Danish Realm">Kingdom of Denmark</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Denmark#Middle_ages" title="History of Denmark">Consolidation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 8th century<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStoneBainBoothParnell200831_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStoneBainBoothParnell200831-6">[3]</a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Christianization</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 965<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[4]</a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Denmark" title="Constitution of Denmark">Constitutional Act</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">5 June 1849</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Faroese home rule</th><td class="infobox-data">24 March 1948</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">EEC</a> <a href="/wiki/1973_enlargement_of_the_European_Communities" title="1973 enlargement of the European Communities">accession</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1 January 1973</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Greenlandic home rule</th><td class="infobox-data">1 May 1979</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<div class="ib-pol-div-largest">and largest city</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1073938472"/><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Denmark&params=55_43_N_12_34_E_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">55°43′N</span> <span class="longitude">12°34′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">55.717°N 12.567°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">55.717; 12.567</span></span></span></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-lang"><a href="/wiki/Regional_language" title="Regional language">Regional languages</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[N 4]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-pol-div-ethnic"> (2020)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="white-space;">86.11% <a href="/wiki/Danes" title="Danes">Danish</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[N 5]</a></sup></li><li style="white-space;">13.89% <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Denmark" title="Immigration to Denmark">Others</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[6]</a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-pol-div-religion"> (2020)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="white-space;">75.8% <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Denmark" title="Christianity in Denmark">Christianity</a></li><li style="white-space;">—74.3% <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Denmark" title="Church of Denmark">Church of Denmark</a></li><li style="white-space;">—1.5% Other <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a></li><li style="white-space;">19.1% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">No religion</a></li><li style="white-space;">4.4% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Denmark" title="Islam in Denmark">Islam</a></li><li style="white-space;">0.7% <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Denmark" title="Religion in Denmark">Others</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[8]</a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="hlist hlist-separated"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danes" title="Danes">Danish</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Danes" title="Danes">Dane</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Denmark" title="Politics of Denmark">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">Unitary</a> <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary</a> <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066479718"/></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Denmark" title="Monarchy of Denmark">Monarch</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Margrethe_II_of_Denmark" title="Margrethe II of Denmark">Margrethe II</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Denmark" title="Prime Minister of Denmark">Prime Minister</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mette_Frederiksen" title="Mette Frederiksen">Mette Frederiksen</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_Folketing" title="List of speakers of the Folketing">Speaker of the Folketing</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Dam_Kristensen" title="Henrik Dam Kristensen">Henrik Dam Kristensen</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">
</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Folketing" title="Folketing">Folketing</a></i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Denmark_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Denmark (European Parliament constituency)">Denmark constituency</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Denmark" title="2019 European Parliament election in Denmark">14 seats</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Denmark" title="Geography of Denmark">Area</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">42,933<sup id="cite_ref-area_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-area-14">[9]</a></sup> km<sup>2</sup> (16,577 sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">130th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1.74<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[10]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-pol-div-elevation"> (<a href="/wiki/M%C3%B8lleh%C3%B8j" title="Møllehøj">Møllehøj</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">170.86 m (560.56 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Denmark" title="Demographics of Denmark">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Q3 2022 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Neutral increase" width="11" height="11" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /> 5,913,538<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[11]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[N 6]</a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by population">114th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">137.73/km<sup>2</sup> (356.7/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2022 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Increase" width="11" height="11" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />$406.011 billion<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-18">[12]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-denonly_group=N_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-denonly_group=N-19">[N 7]</a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">53nd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Increase" width="11" height="11" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />$69,273<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-18">[12]</a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">11th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"/><span class="nobold">(nominal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2022 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Increase" width="11" height="11" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />$399.1 billion<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-18">[12]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-denonly_group=N_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-denonly_group=N-19">[N 7]</a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">40th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Increase" width="11" height="11" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />$68,094<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-18">[12]</a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">10th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"/><span class="nobold">(2021)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Positive decrease" width="11" height="11" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 27.0<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[13]</a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><span style="color:forestgreen">low</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"/><span class="nobold">(2021)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Increase" width="11" height="11" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0.948<sup id="cite_ref-UNHDR_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNHDR-21">[14]</a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><span style="color:darkgreen">very high</span></span> · <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">6th</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Danish_krone" title="Danish krone">Danish krone</a> (kr.) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">DKK</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[N 8]</a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date format</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="day">dd</abbr>/<abbr title="month">mm</abbr>/<abbr title="year">yyyy</abbr></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mains_electricity" title="Mains electricity">Mains electricity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">230 V–50 Hz</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Driving side</a></th><td class="infobox-data">right</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Denmark" title="Telephone numbers in Denmark">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Denmark" title="Telephone numbers in Denmark">+45</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:DK" title="ISO 3166-2:DK">DK</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.dk" title=".dk">.dk</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[N 9]</a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Denmark</b> (<a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>: <i lang="da">Danmark</i>, <small>pronounced </small><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="da-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Danish" title="Help:IPA/Danish">[ˈtænmɑk]</a></span> <span class="nowrap" style="font-size:85%">(<span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span style="white-space:nowrap;margin-right:.25em;"><a href="/wiki/File:DA-Danmark.ogg" title="About this sound"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/DA-Danmark.ogg" class="internal" title="DA-Danmark.ogg">listen</a></span></span>)</span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Nordic_countries" title="Nordic countries">Nordic country</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern Europe</a>. It is the most populous and politically central constituent of the <a href="/wiki/Danish_Realm" title="Danish Realm">Kingdom of Denmark</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[N 10]</a></sup> a constitutionally <a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">unitary state</a> that includes the <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_division" title="Autonomous administrative division">autonomous territories</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> in the North <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-territory_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-territory-25">[15]</a></sup> European Denmark<sup id="cite_ref-proper_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proper-5">[N 3]</a></sup> is the southernmost of the <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavian</a> countries, lying southwest of <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, south of <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[N 11]</a></sup> and north of <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>.
</p><p>Spanning a total area of 42,943 km<sup>2</sup> (16,580 sq mi),<sup id="cite_ref-area_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-area-14">[9]</a></sup> it consists of the peninsula of <a href="/wiki/Jutland" title="Jutland">Jutland</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Archipelago" title="Archipelago">archipelago</a> of <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Denmark" title="List of islands of Denmark">443 named islands</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[16]</a></sup> of which the largest are <a href="/wiki/Zealand" title="Zealand">Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Funen" title="Funen">Funen</a> and the <a href="/wiki/North_Jutlandic_Island" title="North Jutlandic Island">North Jutlandic Island</a>. Denmark's geography is characterised by flat, <a href="/wiki/Arable_land" title="Arable land">arable land</a>, sandy coasts, low elevation, and a <a href="/wiki/Temperate_climate" title="Temperate climate">temperate climate</a>. As of 2022, it had a population of 5.91 million (1 August 2022), of which 800,000 live in the <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital</a> and largest city, <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pop1_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop1-28">[17]</a></sup> Denmark exercises <a href="/wiki/Hegemony" title="Hegemony">hegemonic</a> influence in the <a href="/wiki/Danish_Realm" title="Danish Realm">Danish Realm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Devolution" title="Devolution">devolving</a> powers to handle internal affairs. <a href="/wiki/Home_rule" title="Home rule">Home rule</a> was established in the Faroe Islands in 1948 and in <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> in 1979; the latter obtained <a href="/wiki/2008_Greenlandic_self-government_referendum" title="2008 Greenlandic self-government referendum">further autonomy</a> in 2009.
</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/History_of_Denmark" title="History of Denmark">unified kingdom of Denmark</a> emerged in the eighth century as a proficient maritime power amid the struggle for <a href="/wiki/Dominium_maris_baltici" title="Dominium maris baltici">control of the Baltic Sea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStoneBainBoothParnell200831_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStoneBainBoothParnell200831-6">[3]</a></sup> In 1397, it joined Norway and Sweden to form the <a href="/wiki/Kalmar_Union" title="Kalmar Union">Kalmar Union</a>, which persisted until <a href="/wiki/Swedish_War_of_Liberation" title="Swedish War of Liberation">the latter's secession</a> in 1523. The remaining Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Norway" title="Denmark–Norway">Denmark–Norway</a> endured a <a href="/wiki/Northern_Wars" title="Northern Wars">series of wars</a> in the 17th century that resulted in further <a href="/wiki/Cession" title="Cession">territorial cessions</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Empire" title="Swedish Empire">Swedish Empire</a>. Following the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>, Norway was absorbed into Sweden, leaving Denmark with the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>. A surge of <a href="/wiki/History_of_Denmark#The_19th_century" title="History of Denmark">nationalist movements</a> in the 19th century were defeated in the <a href="/wiki/First_Schleswig_War" title="First Schleswig War">First Schleswig War</a> of 1848, though the <a href="/wiki/Second_Schleswig_War" title="Second Schleswig War">Second Schleswig War</a> of 1864 resulted in further <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Schleswig" title="Duchy of Schleswig">territorial losses</a> to <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a>. The period saw the adoption of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Denmark" title="Constitution of Denmark">Constitution of Denmark</a> on 5 June 1849, ending the <a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">absolute monarchy</a> that was established in 1660 and introducing the current parliamentary system.
</p><p>An industrialised exporter of <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agricultural</a> produce in the second half of the 19th century, Denmark introduced <a href="/wiki/Kanslergade_Agreement" title="Kanslergade Agreement">social and labour-market reforms</a> in the early 20th century, which formed the basis for the present <a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">welfare state</a> <a href="/wiki/Nordic_model" title="Nordic model">model</a> and advanced <a href="/wiki/Mixed_economy" title="Mixed economy">mixed economy</a>. <a href="/wiki/Denmark_during_World_War_I" title="Denmark during World War I">Denmark remained neutral</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> but regained the northern half of Schleswig in 1920. Danish neutrality was violated in World War II following a swift <a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Denmark_(1940)" title="German invasion of Denmark (1940)">German invasion</a> in April 1940. During occupation, a <a href="/wiki/Danish_resistance_movement" title="Danish resistance movement">resistance movement</a> emerged in 1943 while Iceland declared independence in 1944; Denmark was <a href="/wiki/Denmark_in_World_War_II#Hardship_and_the_end_of_the_war" title="Denmark in World War II">liberated</a> in May 1945. In 1973, Denmark, together with <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Greenland_from_the_European_Communities" title="Withdrawal of Greenland from the European Communities">Greenland</a> but not the <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroes</a>, became a member of what is now the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, but negotiated <a href="/wiki/Opt-outs_in_the_European_Union" title="Opt-outs in the European Union">certain opt-outs</a>, such as retaining its own currency, the <a href="/wiki/Danish_krone" title="Danish krone">krone</a>.
</p><p>Denmark is a <a href="/wiki/Developed_country" title="Developed country">highly developed country</a> with a high <a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living" title="Standard of living">standard of living</a>: the country performs at or near the top in measures of <a href="/wiki/Education_Index" title="Education Index">education</a>, <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Denmark" title="Healthcare in Denmark">health care</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_in_the_World" title="Freedom in the World">civil liberties</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democracy_Index" title="Democracy Index">democratic governance</a> and <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Denmark" title="LGBT rights in Denmark">LGBT equality</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[18]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Democracy_Index_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Democracy_Index-30">[19]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[20]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[21]</a></sup> Denmark is a founding member of <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Nordic_Council" title="Nordic Council">Nordic Council</a>, the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">OSCE</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>; it is also part of the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a>. Denmark maintains close political, cultural, and linguistic ties with its Scandinavian neighbours, with the <a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish language</a> being partially <a href="/wiki/Mutual_intelligibility" title="Mutual intelligibility">mutually intelligible</a> with both <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Etymology"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Prehistory"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Prehistory</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Viking_and_Middle_Ages"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Viking and Middle Ages</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Early_modern_history_(1536–1849)"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Early modern history (1536–1849)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Constitutional_monarchy_(1849–present)"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Constitutional monarchy (1849–present)</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#Liberal_movement_and_cession_of_Schleswig_and_Holstein"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Liberal movement and cession of Schleswig and Holstein</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#Industrialization"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Industrialization</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#Denmark_in_World_War_I"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Denmark in World War I</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#German_Non-aggression_pact_and_invasion"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.4</span> <span class="toctext">German Non-aggression pact and invasion</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Geography"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Geography</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Climate"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Climate</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Ecology"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Ecology</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Environment"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Environment</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Government_and_politics"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Government and politics</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Government"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Government</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Law_and_judicial_system"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Law and judicial system</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Danish_Realm"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Danish Realm</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Administrative_divisions"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Administrative divisions</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-20"><a href="#Regions"><span class="tocnumber">4.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Regions</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Foreign_relations"><span class="tocnumber">4.5</span> <span class="toctext">Foreign relations</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Military"><span class="tocnumber">4.6</span> <span class="toctext">Military</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#Economy"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Economy</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Public_policy"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Public policy</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Labour_market"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Labour market</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Science_and_technology"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Science and technology</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Energy"><span class="tocnumber">5.4</span> <span class="toctext">Energy</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Transport"><span class="tocnumber">5.5</span> <span class="toctext">Transport</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="#Demographics"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Demographics</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#Population"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Population</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Languages"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Languages</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#Religion"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">Religion</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#Education"><span class="tocnumber">6.4</span> <span class="toctext">Education</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#Health"><span class="tocnumber">6.5</span> <span class="toctext">Health</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="#Ghettos"><span class="tocnumber">6.6</span> <span class="toctext">Ghettos</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-36"><a href="#Culture"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Culture</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="#Human_rights"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Human rights</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="#Media"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Media</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="#Music"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">Music</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40"><a href="#Architecture_and_design"><span class="tocnumber">7.4</span> <span class="toctext">Architecture and design</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41"><a href="#Literature_and_philosophy"><span class="tocnumber">7.5</span> <span class="toctext">Literature and philosophy</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-42"><a href="#Painting_and_photography"><span class="tocnumber">7.6</span> <span class="toctext">Painting and photography</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-43"><a href="#Cuisine"><span class="tocnumber">7.7</span> <span class="toctext">Cuisine</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-44"><a href="#Sports"><span class="tocnumber">7.8</span> <span class="toctext">Sports</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-45"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-46"><a href="#Explanatory_notes"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Explanatory notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-47"><a href="#Citations"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Citations</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-48"><a href="#General_and_cited_sources"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">General and cited sources</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-49"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Etymology">Etymology</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Etymology_of_Denmark" title="Etymology of Denmark">Etymology of Denmark</a></div>
<p>The etymology of the name "Denmark", the relationship between "Danes" and "Denmark", and the emergence of Denmark as a unified kingdom are topics of continuous scholarly debate.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[22]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[23]</a></sup> This is centred primarily on the prefix <i>"Dan"</i> and whether it refers to the <a href="/wiki/Danes_(Germanic_tribe)" title="Danes (Germanic tribe)">Dani</a> or a historical person <a href="/wiki/Dan_(king)" title="Dan (king)">Dan</a> and the exact meaning of the -<i>"mark"</i> ending.
</p><p>Most etymological dictionaries and handbooks derive "Dan" from a word meaning "flat land",<sup id="cite_ref-et1_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-et1-35">[24]</a></sup> related to German <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Tenne</i></span> "threshing floor", English <i>den</i> "cave".<sup id="cite_ref-et1_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-et1-35">[24]</a></sup> The element <i>mark</i> is believed to mean <a href="/wiki/Woodland" title="Woodland">woodland</a> or <a href="/wiki/Border" title="Border">borderland</a> (see <a href="/wiki/March_(territory)" title="March (territory)">marches</a>), with probable references to the border forests in south <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Schleswig" title="Duchy of Schleswig">Schleswig</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[25]</a></sup>
</p><p>The first recorded use of the word <i>Danmark</i> within Denmark itself is found on the two <a href="/wiki/Jelling_stones" title="Jelling stones">Jelling stones</a>, which are <a href="/wiki/Runestone" title="Runestone">runestones</a> believed to have been erected by <a href="/wiki/Gorm_the_Old" title="Gorm the Old">Gorm the Old</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 955</span>) and <a href="/wiki/Harald_Bluetooth" title="Harald Bluetooth">Harald Bluetooth</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 965</span>). The larger of the two stones is popularly cited as the "baptismal certificate" (<span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">dåbsattest</i></span>) of Denmark,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[26]</a></sup> though both use the word "Denmark", in the <a href="/wiki/Accusative_case" title="Accusative case">accusative</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r936090233">.mw-parser-output .script-runic{font-family:"BabelStone Runic Beagnoth","BabelStone Runic Beorhtnoth","BabelStone Runic Beorhtric","BabelStone Runic Beowulf","BabelStone Runic Berhtwald","BabelStone Runic Byrhtferth",Junicode,Kelvinch,"Free Monospaced",Code2000,Hnias,"Noto Sans Runic","Segoe UI Historic","Segoe UI Symbol","San Francisco","New York"}</style><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr">ᛏᛅᚾᛘᛅᚢᚱᚴ</span> <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">tanmaurk</i></span> (<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">[danmɒrk]</span>) on the large stone, and the <a href="/wiki/Genitive_case" title="Genitive case">genitive</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936090233"/><span title="runes" class="script-runic" lang="gem-Runr">ᛏᛅᚾᛘᛅᚱᚴᛅᚱ</span> "tanmarkar" (pronounced <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">[danmarkaɽ]</span>) on the small stone, while the <a href="/wiki/Dative_case" title="Dative case">dative</a> form <i>tąnmarku</i> (pronounced <span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">[danmarkʊ]</span>) is found on the contemporaneous Skivum stone. The inhabitants of Denmark are there called <span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">tani</i></span> (<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">[danɪ]</span>), or "Danes", in the accusative.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Denmark" title="History of Denmark">History of Denmark</a></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Also related: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="History of the Faroe Islands">History of the Faroe Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Greenland" title="History of Greenland">History of Greenland</a></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Prehistory">Prehistory</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Prehistory">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Solvognen-00100.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Solvognen-00100.jpg/220px-Solvognen-00100.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Solvognen-00100.jpg/330px-Solvognen-00100.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Solvognen-00100.jpg/440px-Solvognen-00100.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6088" data-file-height="4550" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Solvognen-00100.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The gilded side of the <a href="/wiki/Trundholm_sun_chariot" title="Trundholm sun chariot">Trundholm sun chariot</a> dating from the Nordic Bronze Age</div></div></div>
<p>The earliest <a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Denmark" title="Archaeology of Denmark">archaeological finds in Denmark</a> date back to the <a href="/wiki/Eemian" title="Eemian">Eem interglacial period</a> from 130,000 to 110,000 <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">BC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[27]</a></sup> Denmark has been inhabited since around 12,500 BC and agriculture has been evident since 3900 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-foreign_ministry_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foreign_ministry-39">[28]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Nordic_Bronze_Age" title="Nordic Bronze Age">Nordic Bronze Age</a> (1800–600 BC) in Denmark was marked by <a href="/wiki/Tumulus" title="Tumulus">burial mounds</a>, which left an abundance of findings including <a href="/wiki/Lur" title="Lur">lurs</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Trundholm_sun_chariot" title="Trundholm sun chariot">Sun Chariot</a>.
</p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Pre-Roman_Iron_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Roman Iron Age">Pre-Roman Iron Age</a> (500 BC – AD 1), native groups began migrating south, and the first tribal <a href="/wiki/Danes_(Germanic_tribe)" title="Danes (Germanic tribe)">Danes</a> came to the country between the Pre-Roman and the <a href="/wiki/Germanic_Iron_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic Iron Age">Germanic Iron Age</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[29]</a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Iron_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Iron Age">Roman Iron Age</a> (AD 1–400).<sup id="cite_ref-foreign_ministry_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foreign_ministry-39">[28]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Roman_province" title="Roman province">Roman provinces</a> maintained <a href="/wiki/Trade_route" title="Trade route">trade routes</a> and relations with native tribes in Denmark, and <a href="/wiki/Roman_currency" title="Roman currency">Roman coins</a> have been found in Denmark. Evidence of strong <a href="/wiki/Celtic_nations" title="Celtic nations">Celtic</a> cultural influence dates from this period in Denmark and much of North-West Europe and is among other things reflected in the finding of the <a href="/wiki/Gundestrup_cauldron" title="Gundestrup cauldron">Gundestrup cauldron</a>.
</p><p>The tribal Danes came from the east <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Denmark" title="List of islands of Denmark">Danish islands</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zealand" title="Zealand">Zealand</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Scania" title="Scania">Scania</a> and spoke an early form of <a href="/wiki/North_Germanic_languages" title="North Germanic languages">North Germanic</a>. Historians believe that before their arrival, most of <a href="/wiki/Jutland" title="Jutland">Jutland</a> and the nearest islands were settled by tribal <a href="/wiki/Jutes" title="Jutes">Jutes</a>. The Jutes migrated to <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> eventually, some as mercenaries of <a href="/wiki/Brythonic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Brythonic languages">Brythonic</a> King <a href="/wiki/Vortigern" title="Vortigern">Vortigern</a>, and were granted the south-eastern territories of <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a> and other areas, where they settled. They were later absorbed or <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">ethnically cleansed</a> by the invading <a href="/wiki/Angles" title="Angles">Angles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saxons" title="Saxons">Saxons</a>, who formed the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxons</a>. The remaining <a href="/wiki/Jutes" title="Jutes">Jutish</a> population in Jutland assimilated in with the settling <a href="/wiki/Danes_(Germanic_tribe)" title="Danes (Germanic tribe)">Danes</a>.
</p><p>A short note about the <i>Dani</i> in <i><a href="/wiki/Getica" title="Getica">Getica</a></i> by the historian <a href="/wiki/Jordanes" title="Jordanes">Jordanes</a> is believed to be an early mention of the Danes, one of the <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" title="Ethnic group">ethnic groups</a> from whom modern <a href="/wiki/Danes" title="Danes">Danes</a> are descended.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[30]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[31]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Danevirke" title="Danevirke">Danevirke</a> defence structures were built in phases from the 3rd century forward and the sheer size of the construction efforts in AD 737 are attributed to the emergence of a Danish king.<sup id="cite_ref-danevirke_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-danevirke-43">[32]</a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Younger_Futhark" title="Younger Futhark">new runic alphabet</a> was first used around the same time and <a href="/wiki/Ribe" title="Ribe">Ribe</a>, the oldest town of Denmark, was founded about AD 700.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Viking_and_Middle_Ages">Viking and Middle Ages</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Viking and Middle Ages">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Viking_Age" title="Viking Age">Viking Age</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kalmar_Union" title="Kalmar Union">Kalmar Union</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ladbyskibet.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Ladbyskibet.jpg/220px-Ladbyskibet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Ladbyskibet.jpg/330px-Ladbyskibet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Ladbyskibet.jpg/440px-Ladbyskibet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="568" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Ladbyskibet.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The <a href="/wiki/Ladby_ship" title="Ladby ship">Ladby ship</a>, the largest ship burial found in Denmark.</div></div></div>
<p>From the 8th to the 10th century the wider <a href="/wiki/History_of_Scandinavia" title="History of Scandinavia">Scandinavian</a> region was the source of <a href="/wiki/Vikings" title="Vikings">Vikings</a>. They colonised, raided, and traded in all parts of Europe. The Danish Vikings were most active in the eastern and southern <a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a>. They settled in parts of <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> (known as the <a href="/wiki/Danelaw" title="Danelaw">Danelaw</a>) under King <a href="/wiki/Sweyn_Forkbeard" title="Sweyn Forkbeard">Sweyn Forkbeard</a> in 1013, and in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> where Danes and Norwegians were allowed to settle in what would become <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a> in exchange of allegiance to <a href="/wiki/Robert_I_of_France" title="Robert I of France">Robert I of France</a> with <a href="/wiki/Rollo" title="Rollo">Rollo</a> as first ruler. Some <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxon</a> <a href="/wiki/Pence" class="mw-redirect" title="Pence">pence</a> of this period have been found in Denmark.<sup id="cite_ref-Lund_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lund-44">[33]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Jellingsten_stor_1.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Large stone containing a carved depiction of Jesus Christ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Jellingsten_stor_1.jpg/170px-Jellingsten_stor_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Jellingsten_stor_1.jpg/255px-Jellingsten_stor_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Jellingsten_stor_1.jpg/340px-Jellingsten_stor_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Jellingsten_stor_1.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Larger of the two Jelling stones, raised by <a href="/wiki/Harald_Bluetooth" title="Harald Bluetooth">Harald Bluetooth</a></div></div></div>
<p>Denmark was largely consolidated by the late 8th century and its rulers are consistently referred to in <a href="/wiki/Frankish_language" title="Frankish language">Frankish</a> sources as kings (<i>reges</i>). Under the reign of <a href="/wiki/Gudfred" title="Gudfred">Gudfred</a> in 804 the Danish kingdom may have included all the <a href="/wiki/Lands_of_Denmark" title="Lands of Denmark">lands</a> of Jutland, <a href="/wiki/Scania" title="Scania">Scania</a> and the Danish islands, excluding Bornholm.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[34]</a></sup>
</p><p>The extant Danish monarchy traces its roots back to <a href="/wiki/Gorm_the_Old" title="Gorm the Old">Gorm the Old</a>, who established his reign in the early 10th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStoneBainBoothParnell200831_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStoneBainBoothParnell200831-6">[3]</a></sup> As attested by the <a href="/wiki/Jelling_stones" title="Jelling stones">Jelling stones</a>, the Danes were <a href="/wiki/Christianised" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianised">Christianised</a> around 965 by <a href="/wiki/Harald_Bluetooth" title="Harald Bluetooth">Harald Bluetooth</a>, the son of <a href="/wiki/Gorm_the_Old" title="Gorm the Old">Gorm</a>. It is believed that Denmark became Christian for political reasons so as not to get invaded by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>. A rising Christian power in Europe, the Holy Roman Empire was an important trading partner for the Danes. As a deterrent against this threat, Harald built six <a href="/wiki/Fortresses" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortresses">fortresses</a> around Denmark called <a href="/wiki/Viking_ring_fortress" title="Viking ring fortress">Trelleborg</a> and built a further <a href="/wiki/Danevirke" title="Danevirke">Danevirke</a>. In the early 11th century, <a href="/wiki/Canute_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Canute the Great">Canute the Great</a> won and united Denmark, England, and <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> for almost 30 years with a Scandinavian army.<sup id="cite_ref-Lund_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lund-44">[33]</a></sup>
</p><p>Throughout the <a href="/wiki/High_Middle_Ages" title="High Middle Ages">High</a> and <a href="/wiki/Late_Middle_Ages" title="Late Middle Ages">Late Middle Ages</a>, Denmark also included <a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%A5neland" title="Skåneland">Skåneland</a> (the areas of Scania, <a href="/wiki/Halland" title="Halland">Halland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Blekinge" title="Blekinge">Blekinge</a> in present-day south Sweden) and Danish kings ruled <a href="/wiki/Danish_Estonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish Estonia">Danish Estonia</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Duchy" title="Duchy">duchies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Schleswig" class="mw-redirect" title="Schleswig">Schleswig</a> and <a href="/wiki/Holstein" title="Holstein">Holstein</a>. Most of the latter two now form the state of <a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a> in northern Germany.
</p><p>In 1397, Denmark entered into a <a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">personal union</a> with <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93Finland" title="Sweden–Finland">Sweden</a>, united under Queen <a href="/wiki/Margaret_I_of_Denmark" title="Margaret I of Denmark">Margaret I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStoneBainBoothParnell200833_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStoneBainBoothParnell200833-46">[35]</a></sup> The three countries were to be treated as equals in the union. However, even from the start, Margaret may not have been so idealistic—treating Denmark as the clear "senior" partner of the union.<sup id="cite_ref-Lauring_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lauring-47">[36]</a></sup> Thus, much of the next 125 years of <a href="/wiki/History_of_Scandinavia" title="History of Scandinavia">Scandinavian history</a> revolves around this union, with Sweden breaking off and being re-conquered repeatedly. The issue was for practical purposes resolved on 17 June 1523, as <a href="/wiki/List_of_Swedish_monarchs" title="List of Swedish monarchs">Swedish King</a> <a href="/wiki/Gustav_I_of_Sweden" title="Gustav I of Sweden">Gustav Vasa</a> conquered the city of <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a> spread to Scandinavia in the 1530s, and following the <a href="/wiki/Count%27s_Feud" title="Count's Feud">Count's Feud</a> civil war, <a href="/wiki/Reformation_in_Denmark%E2%80%93Norway_and_Holstein" title="Reformation in Denmark–Norway and Holstein">Denmark converted</a> to <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</a> in 1536. Later that year, Denmark entered into a union with Norway.
</p>
<h3><span id="Early_modern_history_.281536.E2.80.931849.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_modern_history_(1536–1849)">Early modern history (1536–1849)</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early modern history (1536–1849)">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Norway" title="Denmark–Norway">Denmark–Norway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Danish_overseas_colonies" title="Danish overseas colonies">Danish overseas colonies</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:DanishColonialEmpireESTLAT.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/DanishColonialEmpireESTLAT.png/220px-DanishColonialEmpireESTLAT.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/DanishColonialEmpireESTLAT.png/330px-DanishColonialEmpireESTLAT.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/DanishColonialEmpireESTLAT.png/440px-DanishColonialEmpireESTLAT.png 2x" data-file-width="6256" data-file-height="3403" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:DanishColonialEmpireESTLAT.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Danish_overseas_colonies" title="Danish overseas colonies">Danish overseas colonies</a>possessions in the mid-eighteenth century.</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Denmark-Norway_in_1780.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Denmark-Norway_in_1780.svg/220px-Denmark-Norway_in_1780.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Denmark-Norway_in_1780.svg/330px-Denmark-Norway_in_1780.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Denmark-Norway_in_1780.svg/440px-Denmark-Norway_in_1780.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="10495" data-file-height="7945" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Denmark-Norway_in_1780.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Extent of the <a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Norway" title="Denmark–Norway">Dano-Norwegian Realm</a>. After the Napoleonic Wars, Norway was ceded to Sweden while Denmark kept the <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>After Sweden permanently <a href="/wiki/History_of_Sweden_(1523%E2%80%931611)" title="History of Sweden (1523–1611)">broke away</a> from the personal union, Denmark tried on several occasions to reassert control over its neighbour. King <a href="/wiki/Christian_IV_of_Denmark" title="Christian IV of Denmark">Christian IV</a> attacked Sweden in the 1611–1613 <a href="/wiki/Kalmar_War" title="Kalmar War">Kalmar War</a> but failed to accomplish his main objective of forcing it to return to the union. The war led to no territorial changes, but Sweden was forced to pay a <a href="/wiki/War_reparations" title="War reparations">war indemnity</a> of 1 million <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a> <a href="/wiki/Riksdaler" class="mw-redirect" title="Riksdaler">riksdaler</a> to Denmark, an amount known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Stettin_(1570)" title="Treaty of Stettin (1570)">Älvsborg ransom</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[37]</a></sup> King Christian used this money to found several towns and fortresses, most notably <a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%BCckstadt" title="Glückstadt">Glückstadt</a> (founded as a rival to <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Christiania</a>. Inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a>, he founded a similar <a href="/wiki/Danish_East_India_Company" title="Danish East India Company">Danish company</a> and planned to claim <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Ceylon</a> as a colony, but the company only managed to acquire <a href="/wiki/Tharangambadi" title="Tharangambadi">Tranquebar</a> on India's <a href="/wiki/Coromandel_Coast" title="Coromandel Coast">Coromandel Coast</a>. Denmark's large colonial aspirations included a few key <a href="/wiki/Trading_posts" class="mw-redirect" title="Trading posts">trading posts</a> in <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. While Denmark's trading posts in India were of little note, it played an important role in the highly lucrative <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a>, through its trading outposts in <a href="/wiki/Osu_Castle" title="Osu Castle">Fort Christiansborg</a> in <a href="/wiki/Osu,_Accra" title="Osu, Accra">Osu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> through which 1.5 million slaves were traded.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian6nov2018_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian6nov2018-49">[38]</a></sup> While the Danish colonial empire was sustained by trade with other major powers, and <a href="/wiki/Plantation" title="Plantation">plantations</a> – ultimately a lack of resources led to its stagnation.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[39]</a></sup>
</p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>, Christian tried to become the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a> states in Germany but suffered a crushing defeat at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lutter" title="Battle of Lutter">Battle of Lutter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[40]</a></sup> The result was that the Catholic army under <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_von_Wallenstein" title="Albrecht von Wallenstein">Albrecht von Wallenstein</a> was able to invade, occupy, and pillage Jutland, forcing Denmark <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_L%C3%BCbeck" title="Treaty of Lübeck">to withdraw from the war</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[41]</a></sup> Denmark managed to avoid territorial concessions, but King <a href="/wiki/Gustavus_Adolphus_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden">Gustavus Adolphus</a>' intervention in Germany was seen as a sign that the military power of Sweden was on the rise while Denmark's influence in the region was declining. Swedish armies <a href="/wiki/Torstenson_War" title="Torstenson War">invaded Jutland</a> in 1643 and claimed Scania in 1644. In the 1645 <a href="/wiki/Second_Treaty_of_Br%C3%B6msebro_(1645)" title="Second Treaty of Brömsebro (1645)">Treaty of Brømsebro</a>, Denmark surrendered Halland, <a href="/wiki/Gotland" title="Gotland">Gotland</a>, the last parts of Danish Estonia, and several provinces in Norway.
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:282px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Stormen_p%C3%A5_K%C3%B8benhavn_(F.C._Lund).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Stormen_p%C3%A5_K%C3%B8benhavn_%28F.C._Lund%29.jpg/280px-Stormen_p%C3%A5_K%C3%B8benhavn_%28F.C._Lund%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="194" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Stormen_p%C3%A5_K%C3%B8benhavn_%28F.C._Lund%29.jpg/420px-Stormen_p%C3%A5_K%C3%B8benhavn_%28F.C._Lund%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Stormen_p%C3%A5_K%C3%B8benhavn_%28F.C._Lund%29.jpg/560px-Stormen_p%C3%A5_K%C3%B8benhavn_%28F.C._Lund%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="678" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Stormen_p%C3%A5_K%C3%B8benhavn_(F.C._Lund).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The <a href="/wiki/Assault_on_Copenhagen_(1659)" title="Assault on Copenhagen (1659)">Assault</a> on <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a> on 11 February 1659 during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Northern_War" title="Second Northern War">Second Northern War</a>. Danish defenders under King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_III_of_Denmark" title="Frederick III of Denmark">Frederick III</a> successfully repelled the forces of the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Empire" title="Swedish Empire">Swedish Empire</a>. Painting by <a href="/wiki/Frederik_Christian_Lund" title="Frederik Christian Lund">Frederik Christian Lund</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>Seeing an opportunity to tear up the Treaty of Brømsebro, King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_III_of_Denmark" title="Frederick III of Denmark">Frederick III of Denmark</a>, in 1657, declared war on Sweden, the latter being deeply involved in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Northern_War" title="Second Northern War">Second Northern War</a> (1655–1660), and marched on <a href="/wiki/Bremen-Verden" title="Bremen-Verden">Bremen-Verden</a>. This led to a massive Danish defeat as the armies of King <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_Gustav" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles X Gustav">Charles X Gustav</a> of Sweden conquered <a href="/wiki/Jutland" title="Jutland">Jutland</a> and, following the <a href="/wiki/March_Across_the_Belts" title="March Across the Belts">Swedish March across</a> the frozen <a href="/wiki/Danish_straits" title="Danish straits">Danish straits</a>, occupied <a href="/wiki/Funen" title="Funen">Funen</a> and much of <a href="/wiki/Zealand" title="Zealand">Zealand</a> before signing the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Roskilde" title="Treaty of Roskilde">Peace of Roskilde</a> in February 1658, which gave Sweden control of Scania, <a href="/wiki/Blekinge" title="Blekinge">Blekinge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bohusl%C3%A4n" title="Bohuslän">Bohuslän</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%B8ndelag" title="Trøndelag">Trøndelag</a>, and the island of <a href="/wiki/Bornholm" title="Bornholm">Bornholm</a>. Charles X Gustav quickly regretted not having ruined Denmark and in August 1658, he launched a <a href="/wiki/Dano-Swedish_War_(1658%E2%80%931660)" title="Dano-Swedish War (1658–1660)">second attack on Denmark</a>, conquered most of the Danish islands, and began a two-year-long siege of <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>. King Frederick III actively led the defence of the city, rallying its citizens to take up arms, and <a href="/wiki/Assault_on_Copenhagen_(1659)" title="Assault on Copenhagen (1659)">repelled the Swedish attacks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">[42]</a></sup> The siege ended following the death of Charles X Gustav in 1660.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStoneBainBoothParnell200835_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStoneBainBoothParnell200835-54">[43]</a></sup> In the ensuing <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Copenhagen_(1660)" title="Treaty of Copenhagen (1660)">peace settlement</a>, Denmark managed to maintain its independence and regain control of Trøndelag and Bornholm.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55">[44]</a></sup> Attaining great popularity following the war, Frederick III used this to <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Law" title="King's Law">disband the elective monarchy</a> in favour of <a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">absolute monarchy</a>, which lasted until 1848 in Denmark.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">[45]</a></sup>
</p><p>Denmark tried but failed to regain control of Scania in the <a href="/wiki/Scanian_War" title="Scanian War">Scanian War</a> (1675–1679). After the <a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a> (1700–21), Denmark managed to regain control of the parts of <a href="/wiki/Schleswig" class="mw-redirect" title="Schleswig">Schleswig</a> and <a href="/wiki/Holstein" title="Holstein">Holstein</a> ruled by the house of <a href="/wiki/Holstein-Gottorp" class="mw-redirect" title="Holstein-Gottorp">Holstein-Gottorp</a> in the 1720 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Frederiksborg" title="Treaty of Frederiksborg">Treaty of Frederiksborg</a> and the 1773 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tsarskoye_Selo" title="Treaty of Tsarskoye Selo">Treaty of Tsarskoye Selo</a>, respectively. Denmark prospered greatly in the last decades of the 18th century due to its <a href="/wiki/Country_neutrality_(international_relations)" class="mw-redirect" title="Country neutrality (international relations)">neutral status</a> allowing it to trade with both sides in the many contemporary wars. In the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>, Denmark traded with both <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">France</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> and joined the <a href="/wiki/Second_League_of_Armed_Neutrality" title="Second League of Armed Neutrality">League of Armed Neutrality</a> with <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a>, Sweden, and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">[46]</a></sup> The British considered this a hostile act and attacked Copenhagen in <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Copenhagen_(1801)" title="Battle of Copenhagen (1801)">1801</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Copenhagen_(1807)" title="Battle of Copenhagen (1807)">1807</a>, in one case carrying off the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Danish_Navy" title="Royal Danish Navy">Danish fleet</a>, in the other, burning large parts of the Danish capital. This led to the so-called Danish-British <a href="/wiki/Gunboat_War" title="Gunboat War">Gunboat War</a>. British control of the waterways between Denmark and Norway proved disastrous to the union's economy and in 1813 Denmark–Norway went <a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy" title="Bankruptcy">bankrupt</a>.
</p><p>The union was dissolved by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Kiel" title="Treaty of Kiel">Treaty of Kiel</a> in 1814; the Danish monarchy "irrevocably and forever" renounced claims to the Kingdom of Norway in favour of the Swedish king.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58">[47]</a></sup> Denmark kept the possessions of <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> (which retained the Danish monarchy until 1944), the <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a>, all of which had been governed by Norway for centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59">[48]</a></sup> Apart from the Nordic colonies, Denmark continued to rule over <a href="/wiki/Danish_India" title="Danish India">Danish India</a> from 1620 to 1869, the <a href="/wiki/Danish_Gold_Coast" title="Danish Gold Coast">Danish Gold Coast</a> (Ghana) from 1658 to 1850, and the <a href="/wiki/Danish_West_Indies" title="Danish West Indies">Danish West Indies</a> from 1671 to 1917.
</p>
<h3><span id="Constitutional_monarchy_.281849.E2.80.93present.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Constitutional_monarchy_(1849–present)">Constitutional monarchy (1849–present)</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Constitutional monarchy (1849–present)">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Grundlovgivende_rigsforsamling_-_Constantin_Hansen.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Grundlovgivende_rigsforsamling_-_Constantin_Hansen.jpg/220px-Grundlovgivende_rigsforsamling_-_Constantin_Hansen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Grundlovgivende_rigsforsamling_-_Constantin_Hansen.jpg/330px-Grundlovgivende_rigsforsamling_-_Constantin_Hansen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Grundlovgivende_rigsforsamling_-_Constantin_Hansen.jpg/440px-Grundlovgivende_rigsforsamling_-_Constantin_Hansen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="686" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Grundlovgivende_rigsforsamling_-_Constantin_Hansen.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The National Constitutional Assembly was convened by King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_VII_of_Denmark" title="Frederick VII of Denmark">Frederick VII</a> in 1848 to adopt the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Denmark" title="Constitution of Denmark">Constitution of Denmark</a>.</div></div></div>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Liberal_movement_and_cession_of_Schleswig_and_Holstein">Liberal movement and cession of Schleswig and Holstein</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Liberal movement and cession of Schleswig and Holstein">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>A nascent Danish liberal and national movement gained momentum in the 1830s; after the European <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">Revolutions of 1848</a>, Denmark peacefully became a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a> on 5 June 1849. A new constitution established a <a href="/wiki/Rigsdagen" title="Rigsdagen">two-chamber parliament</a>. Denmark faced war against both <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a> in what became known as the <a href="/wiki/Second_Schleswig_War" title="Second Schleswig War">Second Schleswig War</a>, lasting from February to October 1864. Denmark was defeated and obliged to <a href="/wiki/Cession" title="Cession">cede</a> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Province of Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig and Holstein</a> to <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a>. This loss came as the latest in the long series of defeats and <a href="/wiki/Danish_Royal_Enclaves" title="Danish Royal Enclaves">territorial</a> losses that had begun in the 17th century. After these events, Denmark pursued a policy of neutrality in Europe.
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<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Industrialization">Industrialization</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Industrialization">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p><a href="/wiki/Industrialization" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrialization">Industrialisation</a> came to Denmark in the second half of the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60">[49]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/History_of_rail_transport_in_Denmark" title="History of rail transport in Denmark">nation's first railways</a> were constructed in the 1850s, and improved communications and overseas trade allowed industry to develop in spite of Denmark's lack of natural resources. <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">Trade unions</a> developed, starting in the 1870s. There was a considerable migration of people from the countryside to the cities, and Danish agriculture became centred on the export of dairy and meat products.
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<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Denmark_in_World_War_I">Denmark in World War I</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Denmark in World War I">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>Denmark <a href="/wiki/Denmark_during_World_War_I" title="Denmark during World War I">maintained its neutral stance</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. After the defeat of Germany, the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Versailles powers</a> offered to return the region of Schleswig-Holstein to Denmark. Fearing German <a href="/wiki/Irredentism" title="Irredentism">irredentism</a>, Denmark refused to consider the return of the area without a <a href="/wiki/Plebiscite" class="mw-redirect" title="Plebiscite">plebiscite</a>; the two <a href="/wiki/Schleswig_Plebiscites" class="mw-redirect" title="Schleswig Plebiscites">Schleswig Plebiscites</a> took place on 10 February and 14 March 1920, respectively. On 10 July 1920, Northern Schleswig was recovered by Denmark, thereby adding some 163,600 inhabitants and 3,984 square kilometres (1,538 sq mi). The country's first social democratic government took office in 1924.<sup id="cite_ref-Politico_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Politico-61">[50]</a></sup>
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<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="German_Non-aggression_pact_and_invasion">German Non-aggression pact and invasion</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: German Non-aggression pact and invasion">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>In 1939 Denmark signed a 10-year non-aggression pact with <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> but <a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Denmark_(1940)" title="German invasion of Denmark (1940)">Germany invaded Denmark</a> on 9 April 1940 and the Danish government quickly surrendered. <a href="/wiki/Denmark_in_World_War_II" title="Denmark in World War II">World War II in Denmark</a> was characterised by economic co-operation with Germany until 1943, when the Danish government refused further co-operation and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Danish_Navy" title="Royal Danish Navy">its navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Safari" title="Operation Safari">scuttled most of its ships</a> and sent many of its officers to Sweden, which was neutral. The <a href="/wiki/Danish_resistance_movement" title="Danish resistance movement">Danish resistance</a> performed a <a href="/wiki/Rescue_of_the_Danish_Jews" title="Rescue of the Danish Jews">rescue operation</a> that managed to evacuate several thousand <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Denmark" title="History of the Jews in Denmark">Jews</a> and their families to safety in Sweden before the Germans could send them to death camps. Some Danes supported <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a> by joining the <a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Workers%27_Party_of_Denmark" title="National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark">Danish Nazi Party</a> or volunteering to fight with Germany as part of the <a href="/wiki/Frikorps_Danmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Frikorps Danmark">Frikorps Danmark</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62">[51]</a></sup> Iceland severed ties with Denmark and <a href="/wiki/Founding_of_the_republic_of_Iceland" class="mw-redirect" title="Founding of the republic of Iceland">became an independent republic</a> in 1944; <a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberation of Denmark">Germany surrendered</a> in May 1945. In 1948, the Faroe Islands gained <a href="/wiki/Home_rule" title="Home rule">home rule</a>. In 1949, Denmark became a founding member of <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>.
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<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_(081).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%28081%29.jpg/220px-Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%28081%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%28081%29.jpg/330px-Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%28081%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%28081%29.jpg/440px-Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%28081%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="521" data-file-height="310" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_(081).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Denmark became a member of the European Union in 1973 and signed the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisbon Treaty">Lisbon Treaty</a> in 2007.</div></div></div>
<p>Denmark was a founding member of <a href="/wiki/European_Free_Trade_Association" title="European Free Trade Association">European Free Trade Association</a> (EFTA). During the 1960s, the EFTA countries were often referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Outer_Seven" class="mw-redirect" title="Outer Seven">Outer Seven</a>, as opposed to the <a href="/wiki/Inner_Six" title="Inner Six">Inner Six</a> of what was then the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">European Economic Community</a> (EEC).<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63">[52]</a></sup> In 1973, along with Britain and Ireland, Denmark joined the European Economic Community (now the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>) after a <a href="/wiki/1972_Danish_European_Communities_membership_referendum" title="1972 Danish European Communities membership referendum">public referendum</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Maastricht_Treaty" title="Maastricht Treaty">Maastricht Treaty</a>, which involved further European integration, <a href="/wiki/1992_Danish_Maastricht_Treaty_referendum" title="1992 Danish Maastricht Treaty referendum">was rejected</a> by the Danish people in 1992; it was only accepted after a <a href="/wiki/1993_Danish_Maastricht_Treaty_referendum" title="1993 Danish Maastricht Treaty referendum">second referendum</a> in 1993, which provided for <a href="/wiki/Opt-outs_in_the_European_Union" title="Opt-outs in the European Union">four opt-outs</a> from policies. The Danes rejected the euro as the national currency in <a href="/wiki/2000_Danish_euro_referendum" title="2000 Danish euro referendum">a referendum in 2000</a>. Greenland gained home rule in 1979 and was awarded <a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">self-determination</a> in 2009. Neither the <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands_and_the_European_Union" title="Faroe Islands and the European Union">Faroe Islands</a> nor <a href="/wiki/Greenland%E2%80%93European_Union_relations#Outside_the_EU" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenland–European Union relations">Greenland</a> are members of the European Union, the Faroese having declined membership of the EEC in 1973 and Greenland in 1986, in both cases because of fisheries policies.
</p><p>Constitutional change in 1953 led to a <a href="/wiki/Unicameralism" title="Unicameralism">single-chamber</a> parliament elected by proportional representation, female accession to the Danish throne, and Greenland becoming an integral part of Denmark. The <a href="/wiki/Centre-left" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre-left">centre-left</a> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democrats_(Denmark)" title="Social Democrats (Denmark)">Social Democrats</a> led a string of coalition governments for most of the second half of the 20th century, introducing the <a href="/wiki/Nordic_model" title="Nordic model">Nordic welfare model</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Venstre_(Denmark)" title="Venstre (Denmark)">Liberal Party</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_People%27s_Party_(Denmark)" title="Conservative People's Party (Denmark)">Conservative People's Party</a> have also led <a href="/wiki/Centre-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre-right">centre-right</a> governments.
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Geography">Geography</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Denmark" title="Geography of Denmark">Geography of Denmark</a></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Geography of the Faroe Islands">Geography of the Faroe Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Greenland" title="Geography of Greenland">Geography of Greenland</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Satellite_image_of_Denmark_in_July_2001.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Satellite image" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Satellite_image_of_Denmark_in_July_2001.jpg/220px-Satellite_image_of_Denmark_in_July_2001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Satellite_image_of_Denmark_in_July_2001.jpg/330px-Satellite_image_of_Denmark_in_July_2001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Satellite_image_of_Denmark_in_July_2001.jpg/440px-Satellite_image_of_Denmark_in_July_2001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1905" data-file-height="1420" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Satellite_image_of_Denmark_in_July_2001.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A satellite image of Jutland and the Danish islands</div></div></div>
<p>Located in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern Europe</a>, Denmark<sup id="cite_ref-proper_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proper-5">[N 3]</a></sup> consists of the peninsula of <a href="/wiki/Jutland" title="Jutland">Jutland</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Denmark" title="List of islands of Denmark">443 named islands</a> (1,419 islands above 100 square metres (1,100 sq ft) in total).<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65">[54]</a></sup> Of these, 74 are inhabited (January 2015),<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66">[55]</a></sup> with the largest being <a href="/wiki/Zealand" title="Zealand">Zealand</a>, the <a href="/wiki/North_Jutlandic_Island" title="North Jutlandic Island">North Jutlandic Island</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Funen" title="Funen">Funen</a>. The island of <a href="/wiki/Bornholm" title="Bornholm">Bornholm</a> is located east of the rest of the country, in the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a>. Many of the larger islands are connected by bridges; a <a href="/wiki/%C3%98resund_Bridge" title="Øresund Bridge">bridge-tunnel</a> across the <a href="/wiki/%C3%98resund" title="Øresund">Øresund</a> connects Zealand with Sweden; the <a href="/wiki/Great_Belt_Fixed_Link" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Belt Fixed Link">Great Belt Fixed Link</a> connects Funen with Zealand; and the <a href="/wiki/Little_Belt_Bridge_(1970)" title="Little Belt Bridge (1970)">Little Belt Bridge</a> connects Jutland with Funen. <a href="/wiki/Ferry" title="Ferry">Ferries</a> or <a href="/wiki/Small_aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Small aircraft">small aircraft</a> connect to the smaller islands. The four <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Denmark_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Denmark by population">cities with populations over 100,000</a> are the capital <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a> on Zealand; <a href="/wiki/Aarhus" title="Aarhus">Aarhus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aalborg" title="Aalborg">Aalborg</a> in Jutland; and <a href="/wiki/Odense" title="Odense">Odense</a> on Funen.
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<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Da-map.png" class="image"><img alt="A labelled map of Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Da-map.png/220px-Da-map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Da-map.png 1.5x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="355" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Da-map.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A map showing <a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_in_Denmark_by_population" title="List of urban areas in Denmark by population">major urban areas</a>, islands and connecting bridges</div></div></div>
<p>The country occupies a total area of 42,943.9 <a href="/wiki/Square_kilometre" title="Square kilometre">square kilometres</a> (16,581 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-area_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-area-14">[9]</a></sup> The area of inland water is 700 km<sup>2</sup> (270 sq mi), variously stated as from 500 to 700 km<sup>2</sup> (193–270 sq mi).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Lake <a href="/wiki/Arres%C3%B8" title="Arresø">Arresø</a> northwest of Copenhagen is the largest lake. The size of the land area cannot be stated exactly since the ocean constantly erodes and adds material to the coastline, and because of human <a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation" title="Land reclamation">land reclamation</a> projects (to counter erosion). <a href="/wiki/Post-glacial_rebound" title="Post-glacial rebound">Post-glacial rebound</a> raises the land by a bit less than 1 cm (0.4 in) per year in the north and east, extending the coast. A circle enclosing the same area as Denmark would be 234 kilometres (145 miles) in <a href="/wiki/Diameter" title="Diameter">diameter</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Circumference" title="Circumference">circumference</a> of 736 km (457 mi) (land area only:232.33 km (144.36 mi) and 730 km (454 mi) respectively). It shares a border of 68 kilometres (42 mi) with <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> to the south and is otherwise surrounded by 8,750 km (5,437 mi) of tidal <a href="/wiki/Shoreline" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoreline">shoreline</a> (including small <a href="/wiki/Bay" title="Bay">bays</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inlet" title="Inlet">inlets</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Nature_and_Environment_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nature_and_Environment-67">[56]</a></sup> No location in Denmark is farther from the coast than 52 km (32 mi). On the south-west coast of Jutland, the tide is between 1 and 2 m (3.28 and 6.56 ft), and the tideline moves outward and inward on a 10 km (6.2 mi) stretch.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68">[57]</a></sup> Denmark's <a href="/wiki/Borders_of_Denmark" title="Borders of Denmark">territorial waters</a> total 105,000 square kilometres (40,541 square miles).
</p><p>Denmark's northernmost point is <a href="/wiki/Skagen" title="Skagen">Skagen</a> point (the north beach of the Skaw) at 57° 45' 7" northern latitude; the southernmost is <a href="/wiki/Gedser" title="Gedser">Gedser</a> point (the southern tip of <a href="/wiki/Falster" title="Falster">Falster</a>) at 54° 33' 35" northern latitude; the westernmost point is <a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%A5vandshuk" title="Blåvandshuk">Blåvandshuk</a> at 8° 4' 22" eastern longitude; and the easternmost point is <a href="/wiki/%C3%98stersk%C3%A6r" class="mw-redirect" title="Østerskær">Østerskær</a> at 15° 11' 55" eastern longitude. This is in the small <a href="/wiki/Ertholmene" title="Ertholmene">Ertholmene</a> archipelago 18 kilometres (11 mi) north-east of Bornholm. The distance from east to west is 452 kilometres (281 mi), from north to south 368 kilometres (229 mi).
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<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Landscape_seen_from_Ellemandsbjerg.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Landscape_seen_from_Ellemandsbjerg.jpg/220px-Landscape_seen_from_Ellemandsbjerg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Landscape_seen_from_Ellemandsbjerg.jpg/330px-Landscape_seen_from_Ellemandsbjerg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Landscape_seen_from_Ellemandsbjerg.jpg/440px-Landscape_seen_from_Ellemandsbjerg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Landscape_seen_from_Ellemandsbjerg.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Aarhus" title="Bay of Aarhus">Bay of Aarhus</a> viewed from southern <a href="/wiki/Djursland" title="Djursland">Djursland</a></div></div></div>
<p>The country is flat with little elevation, having an average height <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">above sea level</a> of 31 metres (102 ft). The highest natural point is <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B8lleh%C3%B8j" title="Møllehøj">Møllehøj</a>, at 170.86 metres (560.56 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69">[58]</a></sup> Although this is by far the lowest high point in the Nordic countries and also less than half of the highest point in <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6taland" title="Götaland">Southern Sweden</a>, Denmark's general elevation in its interior is generally at a safe level from <a href="/wiki/Sea_level_rise" title="Sea level rise">rising sea levels</a>. A sizeable portion of Denmark's <a href="/wiki/Terrain" title="Terrain">terrain</a> consists of rolling <a href="/wiki/Plain" title="Plain">plains</a> whilst the coastline is sandy, with large <a href="/wiki/Dune" title="Dune">dunes</a> in northern Jutland. Although once extensively forested, today Denmark largely consists of <a href="/wiki/Arable_land" title="Arable land">arable land</a>. It is drained by a <a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Denmark" title="List of rivers of Denmark">dozen or so rivers</a>, and the most significant include the <a href="/wiki/Guden%C3%A5" title="Gudenå">Gudenå</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odense_River" title="Odense River">Odense</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skjern_River" title="Skjern River">Skjern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sus%C3%A5_River" title="Suså River">Suså</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vid%C3%A5" title="Vidå">Vidå</a>—a river that flows along its southern border with Germany.
</p><p>The Kingdom of Denmark includes two overseas territories, both well to the west of Denmark: Greenland, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_by_area" title="List of islands by area">world's largest island</a>, and the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic Ocean. These territories are self-governing under their own parliaments (the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B8gting" title="Løgting">Løgting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inatsisartut" title="Inatsisartut">Inatsisartut</a>) and form, together with continental Denmark, part of the <a href="/wiki/Danish_Realm" title="Danish Realm">Danish Realm</a>.
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Climate">Climate</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Denmark has a <a href="/wiki/Temperateness" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperateness">temperate</a> climate, characterised by mild winters, with mean temperatures in January of 1.5 °C (34.7 °F), and cool summers, with a mean temperature in August of 17.2 °C (63.0 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-Denmark_climate_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Denmark_climate-70">[59]</a></sup> The most extreme temperatures recorded in Denmark, since 1874 when recordings began, was 36.4 °C (97.5 °F) in 1975 and −31.2 °C (−24.2 °F) in 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71">[60]</a></sup> Denmark has an average of 179 days per year with precipitation, on average receiving a total of 765 millimetres (30 in) per year; autumn is the wettest season and spring the driest.<sup id="cite_ref-Denmark_climate_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Denmark_climate-70">[59]</a></sup> The position between a continent and an ocean means that the weather is often unstable.<sup id="cite_ref-Denmark_weather_change_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Denmark_weather_change-72">[61]</a></sup>
</p><p>Because of Denmark's northern location, there are large seasonal variations in daylight. There are short days during the winter with sunrise coming around 8:45 am and sunset 3:45 pm (standard time), as well as long summer days with sunrise at 4:30 am and sunset at 10 pm (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">daylight saving time</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-sunrise_sunset_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sunrise_sunset-73">[62]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Ecology">Ecology</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Ecology">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_forests_in_Denmark" title="List of forests in Denmark">List of forests in Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Denmark" title="List of mammals of Denmark">List of mammals of Denmark</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Denmark" title="List of birds of Denmark">List of birds of Denmark</a></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Also related: <a href="/wiki/Flora_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Flora of the Faroe Islands">Flora</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Fauna of the Faroe Islands">Fauna of the Faroe Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flora_and_fauna_of_Greenland" title="Flora and fauna of Greenland">Flora and fauna of Greenland</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Grib_skov.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Grib_skov.jpg/220px-Grib_skov.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Grib_skov.jpg/330px-Grib_skov.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Grib_skov.jpg/440px-Grib_skov.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1810" data-file-height="1700" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Grib_skov.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Fagus_sylvatica" title="Fagus sylvatica">Beech trees</a> are common throughout Denmark, especially in the sparse woodlands.</div></div></div>
<p>Denmark belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Boreal_Kingdom" title="Boreal Kingdom">Boreal Kingdom</a> and can be subdivided into two <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregions</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_mixed_forests" title="Atlantic mixed forests">Atlantic mixed forests</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baltic_mixed_forests" title="Baltic mixed forests">Baltic mixed forests</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DinersteinOlson2017_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DinersteinOlson2017-74">[63]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75">[64]</a></sup> Almost all of Denmark's <a href="/wiki/Primeval_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Primeval forest">primeval temperate forests</a> have been destroyed or fragmented, chiefly for agricultural purposes during the last millennia.<sup id="cite_ref-Jensen1_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jensen1-76">[65]</a></sup> The deforestation has created large swaths of <a href="/wiki/Heathland" class="mw-redirect" title="Heathland">heathland</a> and devastating <a href="/wiki/Saltation_(geology)" title="Saltation (geology)">sand drifts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jensen1_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jensen1-76">[65]</a></sup> In spite of this, there are several larger <a href="/wiki/Second_growth_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Second growth forest">second growth woodlands</a> in the country and, in total, 12.9% of the land is now forested.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77">[66]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Picea_abies" title="Picea abies">Norway spruce</a> is the most widespread tree (2017); an important tree in the <a href="/wiki/Christmas_tree_production_in_Denmark" title="Christmas tree production in Denmark">Christmas tree production</a>. Denmark holds a <a href="/wiki/Forest_Landscape_Integrity_Index" title="Forest Landscape Integrity Index">Forest Landscape Integrity Index</a> mean score of 0.5/10, ranking it 171st globally out of 172 countries—behind only <a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FLII-Supplementary_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FLII-Supplementary-78">[67]</a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="What does it mean? Is it good or bad? Please include a little eplanation (December 2020)">further explanation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Roe_deer" title="Roe deer">Roe deer</a> occupy the countryside in growing numbers, and large-antlered <a href="/wiki/Red_deer" title="Red deer">red deer</a> can be found in the sparse woodlands of Jutland. Denmark is also home to smaller mammals, such as <a href="/wiki/European_polecat" title="European polecat">polecats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hare" title="Hare">hares</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hedgehog" title="Hedgehog">hedgehogs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79">[68]</a></sup> Approximately 400 bird species inhabit Denmark and about 160 of those breed in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80">[69]</a></sup> Large marine mammals include healthy populations of <a href="/wiki/Harbour_porpoise" title="Harbour porpoise">Harbour porpoise</a>, growing numbers of <a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">pinnipeds</a> and occasional visits of large whales, including <a href="/wiki/Blue_whale" title="Blue whale">blue whales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orca" title="Orca">orcas</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cod" title="Cod">Cod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herring" title="Herring">herring</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plaice" title="Plaice">plaice</a> are abundant <a href="/wiki/Fish_as_food" title="Fish as food">culinary fish</a> in Danish waters and form the basis for <a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Denmark" title="Fishing industry in Denmark">a large fishing industry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81">[70]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Environment">Environment</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Environment">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Environment_Agency,_Copenhagen.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/European_Environment_Agency%2C_Copenhagen.jpg/220px-European_Environment_Agency%2C_Copenhagen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/European_Environment_Agency%2C_Copenhagen.jpg/330px-European_Environment_Agency%2C_Copenhagen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/European_Environment_Agency%2C_Copenhagen.jpg/440px-European_Environment_Agency%2C_Copenhagen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2250" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Environment_Agency,_Copenhagen.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The <a href="/wiki/European_Environment_Agency" title="European Environment Agency">European Environment Agency</a> in Copenhagen</div></div></div>
<p>Denmark stopped issuing new licences for oil and gas extraction in December 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82">[71]</a></sup>
</p><p>Land and water pollution are two of Denmark's most significant <a href="/wiki/Environmental_issue" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental issue">environmental issues</a>, although much of the country's household and industrial waste is now increasingly filtered and sometimes recycled. The country has historically taken a progressive stance on <a href="/wiki/Environmental_preservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental preservation">environmental preservation</a>; in 1971 Denmark established a <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment_(Denmark)" title="Ministry of Environment (Denmark)">Ministry of Environment</a> and was the first country in the world to implement an <a href="/wiki/Environmental_law" title="Environmental law">environmental law</a> in 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83">[72]</a></sup> To mitigate environmental degradation and <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">global warming</a> the Danish Government has signed the <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol" title="Kyoto Protocol">Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-factbook_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-factbook-84">[73]</a></sup> However, the national <a href="/wiki/Ecological_footprint" title="Ecological footprint">ecological footprint</a> is 8.26 global hectares per person, which is very high compared to a world average of 1.7 in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85">[74]</a></sup> Contributing factors to this value are an exceptional high value for cropland but also a relatively high value for grazing land,<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86">[75]</a></sup> which may be explained by the substantially high meat production in Denmark (115.8 kilograms (255 lb) meat annually per capita) and the large economic role of the meat and dairy industries.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87">[76]</a></sup> In December 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Climate_Change_Performance_Index" title="Climate Change Performance Index">Climate Change Performance Index</a> for 2015 placed Denmark at the top of the table, explaining that although emissions are still quite high, the country was able to implement effective climate protection policies.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88">[77]</a></sup> In 2020, Denmark was placed first in the index again.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89">[78]</a></sup> In 2021 Denmark with Costa Rica launched the "Beyond Oil and Gas alliance" for stopping use fossil fuels.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90">[79]</a></sup>
</p><p>Denmark's territories, Greenland and the <a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Whaling in the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a>, catch approximately 650 whales per year.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91">[80]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92">[81]</a></sup> Greenland's quotas for the catch of whales are determined according to the advice of the <a href="/wiki/International_Whaling_Commission" title="International Whaling Commission">International Whaling Commission</a> (IWC), having quota decision-making powers.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93">[82]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Government and politics">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Denmark" title="Politics of Denmark">Politics of Denmark</a></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Also related: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Politics of the Faroe Islands">Politics of the Faroe Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Greenland" title="Politics of Greenland">Politics of Greenland</a></div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096954695/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:147px;max-width:147px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:189px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Drottning_Margrethe_av_Danmark_crop.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Drottning_Margrethe_av_Danmark_crop.jpg/145px-Drottning_Margrethe_av_Danmark_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="190" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Drottning_Margrethe_av_Danmark_crop.jpg/218px-Drottning_Margrethe_av_Danmark_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Drottning_Margrethe_av_Danmark_crop.jpg/290px-Drottning_Margrethe_av_Danmark_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2577" data-file-height="3369" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Margrethe_II_of_Denmark" title="Margrethe II of Denmark">Margrethe II</a>, Queen of Denmark</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:141px;max-width:141px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:189px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:20190614_Folkemodet_Bornholm_Mette_Frederiksen_Socialdemokratiet_0285_(48063468172)_(cropped).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/20190614_Folkemodet_Bornholm_Mette_Frederiksen_Socialdemokratiet_0285_%2848063468172%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/139px-20190614_Folkemodet_Bornholm_Mette_Frederiksen_Socialdemokratiet_0285_%2848063468172%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="189" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/20190614_Folkemodet_Bornholm_Mette_Frederiksen_Socialdemokratiet_0285_%2848063468172%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/209px-20190614_Folkemodet_Bornholm_Mette_Frederiksen_Socialdemokratiet_0285_%2848063468172%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/20190614_Folkemodet_Bornholm_Mette_Frederiksen_Socialdemokratiet_0285_%2848063468172%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/278px-20190614_Folkemodet_Bornholm_Mette_Frederiksen_Socialdemokratiet_0285_%2848063468172%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1866" data-file-height="2534" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Mette_Frederiksen" title="Mette Frederiksen">Mette Frederiksen</a></div></div></div></div></div>
<p>Politics in Denmark operate under a framework laid out in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Denmark" title="Constitution of Denmark">Constitution of Denmark</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95">[N 12]</a></sup> First written in 1849, it establishes a sovereign state in the form of a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a>, with a representative <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a>. The monarch officially retains <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive power</a> and presides over the <a href="/wiki/Danish_Council_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish Council of State">Council of State</a> (<a href="/wiki/Privy_council" title="Privy council">privy council</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96">[84]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97">[85]</a></sup> In practice, the duties of the monarch are strictly representative and <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceremonial">ceremonial</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98">[N 13]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99">[86]</a></sup> such as the formal appointment and dismissal of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Denmark" title="Prime Minister of Denmark">Prime Minister</a> and other Government ministers. The Monarch is not answerable for his or her actions, and their <a href="/wiki/Legal_personality" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal personality">person</a> is <a href="/wiki/Sacrosanct" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacrosanct">sacrosanct</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100">[87]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hereditary_monarchy" title="Hereditary monarchy">Hereditary monarch</a> <a href="/wiki/Margrethe_II_of_Denmark" title="Margrethe II of Denmark">Queen Margrethe II</a> has been head of state since 14 January 1972.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Government">Government</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Government">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Folketing" title="Folketing">Folketing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Denmark" title="Cabinet of Denmark">Cabinet of Denmark</a></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B8gting" title="Løgting">Løgting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Cabinet of the Faroe Islands">Cabinet of the Faroe Islands</a></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Also related: <a href="/wiki/Inatsisartut" title="Inatsisartut">Inatsisartut</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Greenland">Cabinet of Greenland</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Denmark_disposable_income.webp" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Denmark_disposable_income.webp/300px-Denmark_disposable_income.webp.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="198" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Denmark_disposable_income.webp/450px-Denmark_disposable_income.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Denmark_disposable_income.webp/600px-Denmark_disposable_income.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="983" data-file-height="649" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Denmark_disposable_income.webp" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Denmark disposable income after tax<br /> Not including <a href="/wiki/Value-added_tax" title="Value-added tax">Value-added tax</a> or <a href="/wiki/Property_tax" title="Property tax">Property tax</a></div></div></div>
<p>The Danish parliament is <a href="/wiki/Unicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral">unicameral</a> and called the Folketing (<a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>: <i lang="da">Folketinget</i>). It is the <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislature</a> of the Kingdom of Denmark, passing <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Parliament" title="Act of Parliament">acts</a> that apply in Denmark and, variably, Greenland and the Faroe Islands. The Folketing is also responsible for adopting the <a href="/wiki/Government_budget" title="Government budget">state's budgets</a>, approving the state's accounts, appointing and exercising control of the Government, and taking part in international co-operation. <a href="/wiki/Bill_(proposed_law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill (proposed law)">Bills</a> may be initiated by the Government or by <a href="/wiki/Member_of_parliament" title="Member of parliament">members of parliament</a>. All bills passed must be presented before the Council of State to receive <a href="/wiki/Royal_Assent" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Assent">Royal Assent</a> within thirty days in order to become law.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101">[88]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Christiansborg_(Matthias_Schalk).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Christiansborg_%28Matthias_Schalk%29.jpg/220px-Christiansborg_%28Matthias_Schalk%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Christiansborg_%28Matthias_Schalk%29.jpg/330px-Christiansborg_%28Matthias_Schalk%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Christiansborg_%28Matthias_Schalk%29.jpg/440px-Christiansborg_%28Matthias_Schalk%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Christiansborg_(Matthias_Schalk).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Christiansborg_Palace" title="Christiansborg Palace">Christiansborg Palace</a> houses the Folketing, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Court of Denmark">Supreme Court</a>, and government offices.</div></div></div>
<p>Denmark is a <a href="/wiki/Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">representative democracy</a> with <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102">[N 14]</a></sup> Membership of the Folketing is based on <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a> of political parties,<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103">[89]</a></sup> with a 2% electoral threshold. Denmark elects 175 members to the Folketing, with Greenland and the Faroe Islands electing an additional two members each—179 members in total.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104">[90]</a></sup> Parliamentary elections are held at least every four years, but it is within the powers of the prime minister to ask the monarch to call for an election before the term has elapsed. On a <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">vote of no confidence</a>, the Folketing may force a single minister or an entire government to resign.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105">[91]</a></sup>
</p><p>The Government of Denmark operates as a <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(government)" title="Cabinet (government)">cabinet government</a>, where executive authority is exercised—formally, on behalf of the monarch—by the prime minister and other <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet minister">cabinet ministers</a>, who head <a href="/wiki/List_of_Danish_government_ministries" title="List of Danish government ministries">ministries</a>. As the executive branch, the Cabinet is responsible for proposing bills and a budget, executing the laws, and guiding the foreign and internal policies of Denmark. The position of prime minister belongs to the person most likely to command the <a href="/wiki/Confidence_and_supply" title="Confidence and supply">confidence</a> of a majority in the Folketing; this is often the current leader of the largest <a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">political party</a> or, more effectively, through a <a href="/wiki/Political_alliance" title="Political alliance">coalition of parties</a>. A single party generally does not have sufficient political power in terms of the number of seats to form a cabinet on its own; Denmark has often been ruled by <a href="/wiki/Coalition_governments" class="mw-redirect" title="Coalition governments">coalition governments</a>, themselves usually <a href="/wiki/Minority_government" title="Minority government">minority governments</a> dependent on non-government parties.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106">[92]</a></sup>
</p><p>Following a <a href="/wiki/2015_Danish_general_election" title="2015 Danish general election">general election defeat</a>, in June 2015 <a href="/wiki/Helle_Thorning-Schmidt" title="Helle Thorning-Schmidt">Helle Thorning-Schmidt</a>, leader of the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democrats_(Denmark)" title="Social Democrats (Denmark)">Social Democrats</a> (<i><span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">Socialdemokraterne</i></span></i>), resigned as prime minister.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107">[93]</a></sup> She was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Lars_L%C3%B8kke_Rasmussen" title="Lars Løkke Rasmussen">Lars Løkke Rasmussen</a>, the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Venstre_(Denmark)" title="Venstre (Denmark)">Liberal Party</a> (<i><span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">Venstre</i></span></i>). Rasmussen became the leader of <a href="/wiki/Lars_L%C3%B8kke_Rasmussen_II_Cabinet" title="Lars Løkke Rasmussen II Cabinet">a cabinet</a> that, unusually, consisted entirely of ministers from his own party.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108">[94]</a></sup> In November 2016, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Alliance_(Denmark)" title="Liberal Alliance (Denmark)">Liberal Alliance</a> and the <a href="/wiki/The_Conservative_People%27s_Party_(Denmark)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Conservative People's Party (Denmark)">Conservatives</a> joined the government.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109">[95]</a></sup> Liberal Prime Minister, Lars Løkke Rasmussen held the office between 2009 and 2011, and again between 2015 and 2019, with backing from the <a href="/wiki/Danish_People%27s_Party" title="Danish People's Party">Danish People's Party</a> (DF). Following the <a href="/wiki/2019_Danish_general_election" title="2019 Danish general election">2019 general election</a> the Social Democrats, led by leader <a href="/wiki/Mette_Frederiksen" title="Mette Frederiksen">Mette Frederiksen</a>, formed a single-party government with support from the left-wing coalition.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110">[96]</a></sup> Frederiksen became prime minister on 27 June 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111">[97]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Law_and_judicial_system">Law and judicial system</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Law and judicial system">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Denmark" title="Law of Denmark">Law of Denmark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Courts_of_Denmark" title="Courts of Denmark">Courts of Denmark</a></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Denmark" title="Crime in Denmark">Crime in Denmark</a></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Also related: <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Greenland" title="Judiciary of Greenland">Judiciary of Greenland</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Supreme_Court_of_Denmark_(1697).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Supreme_Court_of_Denmark_%281697%29.jpg/220px-Supreme_Court_of_Denmark_%281697%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="233" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Supreme_Court_of_Denmark_%281697%29.jpg/330px-Supreme_Court_of_Denmark_%281697%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Supreme_Court_of_Denmark_%281697%29.jpg/440px-Supreme_Court_of_Denmark_%281697%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="473" data-file-height="500" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Supreme_Court_of_Denmark_(1697).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>King <a href="/wiki/Christian_V_of_Denmark" title="Christian V of Denmark">Christian V</a> presiding over the Supreme Court in 1697.</div></div></div>
<p>Denmark has a <a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system)" title="Civil law (legal system)">civil law</a> system with some references to <a href="/wiki/Germanic_law" title="Germanic law">Germanic law</a>. Denmark resembles Norway and Sweden in never having developed a <a href="/wiki/Case-law" class="mw-redirect" title="Case-law">case-law</a> like that of <a href="/wiki/English_law" title="English law">England</a> and the United States nor comprehensive <a href="/wiki/Code_(law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Code (law)">codes</a> like those of France and Germany. Much of its law is <a href="/wiki/Custom_(law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Custom (law)">customary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112">[98]</a></sup>
</p><p>The judicial system of Denmark is divided between courts with regular civil and <a href="/wiki/Criminal_law" title="Criminal law">criminal</a> jurisdiction and administrative courts with jurisdiction over litigation between individuals and the public administration. Articles sixty-two and sixty-four of the Constitution ensure <a href="/wiki/Judicial_independence" title="Judicial independence">judicial independence</a> from government and Parliament by providing that judges shall only be guided by the law, including acts, statutes and practice.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113">[99]</a></sup> The Kingdom of Denmark does not have a single unified judicial system – Denmark has one system, Greenland another, and the Faroe Islands a third.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114">[100]</a></sup> However, decisions by the highest courts in Greenland and the Faroe Islands may be appealed to the Danish High Courts. The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Court of Denmark">Danish Supreme Court</a> is the highest civil and criminal court responsible for the administration of justice in the Kingdom.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Danish_Realm">Danish Realm</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Danish Realm">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Danish_Realm" title="Danish Realm">Danish Realm</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Kunoy.10.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Kunoy.10.jpg/300px-Kunoy.10.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="199" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Kunoy.10.jpg/450px-Kunoy.10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Kunoy.10.jpg/600px-Kunoy.10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1360" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Kunoy.10.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The village of <a href="/wiki/Kunoy_(village)" title="Kunoy (village)">Kunoy</a> on <a href="/wiki/Kunoy" title="Kunoy">Kunoy</a> island, in the <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kalsoy" title="Kalsoy">Kalsoy</a> island is at right.</div></div></div>
<p>The Kingdom of Denmark is a <a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">unitary state</a> that comprises, in addition to Denmark proper, two <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_division" title="Autonomous administrative division">autonomous territories</a><sup id="cite_ref-territory_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-territory-25">[15]</a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Ocean" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic Ocean">North Atlantic Ocean</a>: <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a>. They have been integrated parts of the Danish Realm since the 18th century; however, due to their separate historical and cultural identities, these parts of the Realm have extensive political powers and have assumed <a href="/wiki/Legislative" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative">legislative</a> and administrative responsibility in a substantial number of fields.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115">[101]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Home_rule" title="Home rule">Home rule</a> was granted to the Faroe Islands in 1948 and to Greenland in 1979, each having previously had the status of <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Denmark" title="Counties of Denmark">counties</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-stm_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stm-116">[102]</a></sup>
</p><p>Greenland and the Faroe Islands have their own home governments and parliaments and are effectively <a href="/wiki/Self-governing" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-governing">self-governing</a> in regards to domestic affairs apart from the judicial system and monetary policy.<sup id="cite_ref-stm_116-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stm-116">[102]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/High_Commissioner" class="mw-redirect" title="High Commissioner">High Commissioners</a> (<i><span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">Rigsombudsmand</i></span></i>) act as representatives of the Danish government in the Faroese <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B8gting" title="Løgting">Løgting</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Greenland">Greenlandic Parliament</a>, but they cannot vote.<sup id="cite_ref-stm_116-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stm-116">[102]</a></sup> The Faroese home government is defined to be an equal partner with the Danish national government,<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117">[103]</a></sup> while the <a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_Inuit" title="Greenlandic Inuit">Greenlandic people</a> are defined as a separate people with the right to <a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">self-determination</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118">[104]</a></sup>
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<th>Country
</th>
<th><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by population">Population</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2020)</span>
</th>
<th>Total area
</th>
<th><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital</a>
</th>
<th><a href="/wiki/List_of_legislatures" class="mw-redirect" title="List of legislatures">Local parliament</a>
</th>
<th>Premier
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i><span title="Greenlandic-language text"><i lang="kl">Kalaallit Nunaat</i></span></i>)</span>
</td>
<td>56,081<sup id="cite_ref-Greenland_pop_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenland_pop-119">[105]</a></sup>
</td>
<td>2,166,086 km<sup>2</sup> (836,330 sq mi)
</td>
<td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Nuuk_Coat_of_Arms.gif/20px-Nuuk_Coat_of_Arms.gif" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Nuuk_Coat_of_Arms.gif/30px-Nuuk_Coat_of_Arms.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Nuuk_Coat_of_Arms.gif/40px-Nuuk_Coat_of_Arms.gif 2x" data-file-width="178" data-file-height="216" /> <a href="/wiki/Nuuk" title="Nuuk">Nuuk</a>
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Inatsisartut" title="Inatsisartut">Inatsisartut</a></i>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAte_Bourup_Egede" title="Múte Bourup Egede">Múte Bourup Egede</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/41px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i><span title="Faroese-language text"><i lang="fo">Føroyar</i></span></i>)</span>
</td>
<td>52,110<sup id="cite_ref-Faroer_pop_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Faroer_pop-120">[106]</a></sup>
</td>
<td>1,399 km<sup>2</sup> (540.16 sq mi)
</td>
<td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Coat_of_arms_of_T%C3%B3rshavn.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_T%C3%B3rshavn.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Coat_of_arms_of_T%C3%B3rshavn.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_T%C3%B3rshavn.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Coat_of_arms_of_T%C3%B3rshavn.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_T%C3%B3rshavn.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="217" data-file-height="259" /> <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B3rshavn" title="Tórshavn">Tórshavn</a>
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B8gting" title="Løgting">Løgting</a></i>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1r%C3%B0ur_%C3%A1_Steig_Nielsen" title="Bárður á Steig Nielsen">Bárður á Steig Nielsen</a>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Denmark" title="Regions of Denmark">Regions of Denmark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Denmark" title="Municipalities of Denmark">Municipalities of Denmark</a></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Also related: <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Municipalities of the Faroe Islands">Municipalities of the Faroe Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of Greenland">Municipalities of Greenland</a></div>
<div role="img" class="floatright noresize" style="width: 250px; padding: 4px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Denmark_regions.svg/250px-Denmark_regions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="300" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Denmark_regions.svg/375px-Denmark_regions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Denmark_regions.svg/500px-Denmark_regions.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1656" data-file-height="1984" />
<div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:44px; top:132px"><a href="/wiki/Central_Denmark_Region" title="Central Denmark Region">Midtjylland</a></div>
<div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:79px; top:49.5px"><a href="/wiki/North_Denmark_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="North Denmark Region">Nordjylland</a></div>
<div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:16.5px; top:179.5px"><a href="/wiki/Region_of_Southern_Denmark" title="Region of Southern Denmark">Syddanmark</a></div>
<div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:174px; top:140.5px"><a href="/wiki/Capital_Region_of_Denmark" title="Capital Region of Denmark">Hovedstaden</a></div>
<div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:164px; top:202px"><a href="/wiki/Region_Zealand" title="Region Zealand">Sjælland</a></div>
</div>
<p>Denmark, with a total area of 43,094 <a href="/wiki/Square_kilometre" title="Square kilometre">square kilometres</a> (16,639 sq mi), is divided into five administrative regions (<a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>: <i lang="da">regioner</i>). The regions are further subdivided into <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Denmark" title="List of municipalities of Denmark">98 municipalities</a> (<i><span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">kommuner</i></span></i>). The easternmost land in Denmark, the <a href="/wiki/Ertholmene" title="Ertholmene">Ertholmene</a> archipelago, with an area of 39 hectares (0.16 sq mi), is neither part of a municipality nor a region but belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Denmark)" title="Ministry of Defence (Denmark)">Ministry of Defence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121">[107]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Denmark" title="Provinces of Denmark">provinces of Denmark</a> are statistical divisions of Denmark, positioned between the <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Denmark" title="Regions of Denmark">administrative regions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Denmark" title="Municipalities of Denmark">municipalities</a>. They are not administrative divisions, nor subject for any kind of political elections, but are mainly for statistical use.
</p><p>The regions were created on 1 January 2007 to replace the 16 <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Denmark" title="Counties of Denmark">former counties</a>. At the same time, smaller municipalities were merged into larger units, reducing the number from 270. Most municipalities have a population of at least 20,000 to give them financial and professional sustainability, although a few exceptions were made to this rule.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122">[108]</a></sup> The administrative divisions are led by directly elected councils, elected proportionally every four years; the most recent <a href="/wiki/2021_Danish_local_elections" title="2021 Danish local elections">Danish local elections</a> were held on 16 November 2021. Other regional structures use the municipal boundaries as a layout, including the <a href="/wiki/Police_of_Denmark" title="Police of Denmark">police districts</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Courts_of_Denmark" title="Courts of Denmark">court districts</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ward_(country_subdivision)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ward (country subdivision)">electoral wards</a>.
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Regions">Regions</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Regions">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>The governing bodies of the regions are the <a href="/wiki/Local_government" title="Local government">regional councils</a>, each with forty-one councillors elected for four-year terms. The councils are headed by regional district chairmen (<i><span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">regionsrådsformand</i></span></i>), who are elected by the council.<sup id="cite_ref-brief_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brief-123">[109]</a></sup>
The areas of responsibility for the regional councils are the <a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Health care in Denmark">national health service</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_services" title="Social services">social services</a> and <a href="/wiki/Regional_development" title="Regional development">regional development</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-brief_123-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brief-123">[109]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-regioner_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-regioner-124">[110]</a></sup> Unlike the counties they replaced, the regions are not allowed to levy taxes and the health service is partly financed by a national health care contribution until 2018 (<i><span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">sundhedsbidrag</i></span></i>), partly by funds from both government and municipalities.<sup id="cite_ref-taxation1_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taxation1-125">[111]</a></sup> From 1 January 2019 this contribution will be abolished, as it is being replaced by higher income tax instead.
</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Area" title="Area">area</a> and populations of the regions vary widely; for example, the <a href="/wiki/Capital_Region_of_Denmark" title="Capital Region of Denmark">Capital Region</a>, which encompasses the <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_metropolitan_area" title="Copenhagen metropolitan area">Copenhagen metropolitan area</a> with the exception of the subtracted province East Zealand but includes the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a> island of <a href="/wiki/Bornholm" title="Bornholm">Bornholm</a>, has a population three times larger than that of <a href="/wiki/North_Denmark_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="North Denmark Region">North Denmark Region</a>, which covers the more sparsely populated area of northern Jutland. Under the county system certain densely populated municipalities, such as <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_Municipality" title="Copenhagen Municipality">Copenhagen Municipality</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frederiksberg_Municipality" title="Frederiksberg Municipality">Frederiksberg</a>, had been given a status equivalent to that of counties, making them first-level administrative divisions. These <i><a href="/wiki/Sui_generis" title="Sui generis">sui generis</a></i> municipalities were incorporated into the new regions under the 2007 reforms.
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<th><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a> name</th>
<th>English name</th>
<th><a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">Admin. centre</a></th>
<th>Largest city <br /><small>(populous)</small></th>
<th>Population<br /><small>(April 2021)</small></th>
<th>Total area<br /><small>(km<sup>2</sup>)</small>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>Hovedstaden</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Capital_Region_of_Denmark" title="Capital Region of Denmark">Capital Region of Denmark</a></td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Hiller%C3%B8d" title="Hillerød">Hillerød</a></td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></td>
<td style="text-align:right;">1,856,061</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">2,568.29
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Midtjylland</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Central_Denmark_Region" title="Central Denmark Region">Central Denmark Region</a></td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Viborg,_Denmark" title="Viborg, Denmark">Viborg</a></td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Aarhus" title="Aarhus">Aarhus</a></td>
<td style="text-align:right;">1,333,245</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">13,095.80
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Nordjylland</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/North_Denmark_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="North Denmark Region">North Denmark Region</a></td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Aalborg" title="Aalborg">Aalborg</a></td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Aalborg" title="Aalborg">Aalborg</a></td>
<td style="text-align:right;">590,322</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">7,907.09
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Sjælland</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Region_Zealand" title="Region Zealand">Region Zealand</a></td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Sor%C3%B8" title="Sorø">Sorø</a></td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Roskilde" title="Roskilde">Roskilde</a></td>
<td style="text-align:right;">839,619</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">7,268.75
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Syddanmark</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Region_of_Southern_Denmark" title="Region of Southern Denmark">Region of Southern Denmark</a></td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Vejle" title="Vejle">Vejle</a></td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Odense" title="Odense">Odense</a></td>
<td style="text-align:right;">1,224,100</td>
<td style="text-align:right;">12,132.21
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="6"><b>Source:</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180208230627/http://www.noegletal.dk/">Regional and municipal key figures</a>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Foreign relations">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Denmark" title="Foreign relations of Denmark">Foreign relations of Denmark</a></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Also related: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Foreign relations of the Faroe Islands">Foreign relations of the Faroe Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Greenland" title="Foreign relations of Greenland">Foreign relations of Greenland</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:20211103_Nordiska_Radets_session_Kopenhamn_808A9452_(51654525096).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/20211103_Nordiska_Radets_session_Kopenhamn_808A9452_%2851654525096%29.jpg/220px-20211103_Nordiska_Radets_session_Kopenhamn_808A9452_%2851654525096%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/20211103_Nordiska_Radets_session_Kopenhamn_808A9452_%2851654525096%29.jpg/330px-20211103_Nordiska_Radets_session_Kopenhamn_808A9452_%2851654525096%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/20211103_Nordiska_Radets_session_Kopenhamn_808A9452_%2851654525096%29.jpg/440px-20211103_Nordiska_Radets_session_Kopenhamn_808A9452_%2851654525096%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6720" data-file-height="4156" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:20211103_Nordiska_Radets_session_Kopenhamn_808A9452_(51654525096).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Danish prime minister <a href="/wiki/Mette_Frederiksen" title="Mette Frederiksen">Mette Frederiksen</a> (second from left) with foreign counterparts at the <a href="/wiki/Nordic_Council" title="Nordic Council">Nordic Council</a> in Copenhagen, 2021</div></div></div>
<p>Denmark wields considerable influence in Northern Europe and is a <a href="/wiki/Middle_power" title="Middle power">middle power</a> in international affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126">[112]</a></sup> In recent years, Greenland and the Faroe Islands have been guaranteed a say in foreign policy issues such as fishing, <a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling">whaling</a>, and geopolitical concerns. The foreign policy of Denmark is substantially influenced by <a href="/wiki/Denmark_and_the_European_Union" title="Denmark and the European Union">its membership</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (EU); Denmark including Greenland joined the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">European Economic Community</a> (EEC), the EU's predecessor, in 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127">[N 15]</a></sup> Denmark held the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union" title="Presidency of the Council of the European Union">Presidency of the Council of the European Union</a> on seven occasions, most recently from January to June 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128">[113]</a></sup> Following <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Denmark ended its two-hundred-year-long policy of <a href="/wiki/Country_neutrality_(international_relations)" class="mw-redirect" title="Country neutrality (international relations)">neutrality</a>. It has been a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">North Atlantic Treaty Organization</a> (NATO) since 1949, and membership remains highly popular.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129">[114]</a></sup>
</p><p>As a member of <a href="/wiki/Development_Assistance_Committee" title="Development Assistance Committee">Development Assistance Committee</a> (DAC), Denmark has for a long time been among the countries of the world contributing the largest percentage of gross national income to <a href="/wiki/Development_aid" title="Development aid">development aid</a>. In 2015, Denmark contributed 0.85% of its <a href="/wiki/Gross_national_income" title="Gross national income">gross national income</a> (GNI) to <a href="/wiki/Development_aid" title="Development aid">foreign aid</a> and was one of only six countries meeting the longstanding UN target of 0.7% of GNI.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130">[N 16]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131">[115]</a></sup> The country participates in both bilateral and multilateral aid, with the aid usually administered by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Denmark)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a>. The organisational name of <a href="/wiki/Danish_International_Development_Agency" title="Danish International Development Agency">Danish International Development Agency</a> (DANIDA) is often used, in particular when operating bilateral aid.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Military">Military</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Military">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Danish_Defence" title="Danish Defence">Danish Defence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Denmark" title="Military history of Denmark">Military history of Denmark</a></div>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Danish_Military_Police.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Danish_Military_Police.JPG/220px-Danish_Military_Police.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Danish_Military_Police.JPG/330px-Danish_Military_Police.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Danish_Military_Police.JPG/440px-Danish_Military_Police.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2706" data-file-height="1734" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Danish_Military_Police.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Danish MP-soldiers conducting advanced law enforcement training</div></div></div>
<p>Denmark's <a href="/wiki/Armed_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed forces">armed forces</a> are known as the <a href="/wiki/Danish_Defence" title="Danish Defence">Danish Defence</a> (<a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>: <i lang="da">Forsvaret</i>). The Minister of Defence is <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a> of the Danish Defence, and serves as chief <a href="/wiki/Diplomacy" title="Diplomacy">diplomatic</a> official abroad. During peacetime, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Denmark)" title="Ministry of Defence (Denmark)">Ministry of Defence</a> employs around 33,000 in total. The main military branches employ almost 27,000: 15,460 in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Danish_Army" title="Royal Danish Army">Royal Danish Army</a>, 5,300 in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Danish_Navy" title="Royal Danish Navy">Royal Danish Navy</a> and 6,050 in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Danish_Air_Force" title="Royal Danish Air Force">Royal Danish Air Force</a> (all including conscripts).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The <a href="/wiki/Danish_Emergency_Management_Agency" title="Danish Emergency Management Agency">Danish Emergency Management Agency</a> employs 2,000 (including conscripts), and about 4,000 are in non-branch-specific services like the <a href="/wiki/Defence_Command_(Denmark)" title="Defence Command (Denmark)">Danish Defence Command</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Danish_Defence_Intelligence_Service" title="Danish Defence Intelligence Service">Danish Defence Intelligence Service</a>. Furthermore, around 55,000 serve as volunteers in the <a href="/wiki/Home_Guard_(Denmark)" title="Home Guard (Denmark)">Danish Home Guard</a>.
</p><p>Denmark is a long-time supporter of international <a href="/wiki/Peacekeeping" title="Peacekeeping">peacekeeping</a>, but since the <a href="/wiki/NATO_bombing_of_Yugoslavia" title="NATO bombing of Yugoslavia">NATO bombing of Yugoslavia</a> in 1999 and the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">War in Afghanistan</a> in 2001, Denmark has also found a new role as a warring nation, participating actively in several wars and invasions. This relatively new situation has stirred some internal critique, but the Danish population has generally been very supportive, in particular of the War in Afghanistan.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132">[116]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133">[117]</a></sup> The Danish Defence has around 1,400<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134">[118]</a></sup> staff in international missions, not including standing contributions to <a href="/wiki/Standing_NRF_Mine_Countermeasures_Group_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Standing NRF Mine Countermeasures Group 1">NATO SNMCMG1</a>. Danish forces were heavily engaged in the former Yugoslavia in the UN Protection Force (<a href="/wiki/UNPROFOR" class="mw-redirect" title="UNPROFOR">UNPROFOR</a>), with <a href="/wiki/IFOR" class="mw-redirect" title="IFOR">IFOR</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135">[119]</a></sup> and now <a href="/wiki/SFOR" class="mw-redirect" title="SFOR">SFOR</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136">[120]</a></sup> Between 2003 and 2007, there were approximately 450 Danish soldiers in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137">[121]</a></sup> Denmark also strongly supported <a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Operation Enduring Freedom">American operations</a> in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> and has contributed both monetarily and materially to the <a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">ISAF</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138">[122]</a></sup> These initiatives are often described by the authorities as part of a new "active foreign policy" of Denmark.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Economy">Economy</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Denmark" title="Economy of Denmark">Economy of Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Denmark" title="List of companies of Denmark">List of companies of Denmark</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_Danish_companies" title="List of largest Danish companies">List of largest Danish companies</a></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Also related: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Economy of the Faroe Islands">Economy of the Faroe Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Greenland" title="Economy of Greenland">Economy of Greenland</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:292px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Denmark_Product_Exports_(2019).svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Denmark_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg/290px-Denmark_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="189" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Denmark_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg/435px-Denmark_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Denmark_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg/580px-Denmark_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="715" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Denmark_Product_Exports_(2019).svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A proportional representation of Denmark exports, 2019</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Lego_Color_Bricks.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Lego_Color_Bricks.jpg/220px-Lego_Color_Bricks.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Lego_Color_Bricks.jpg/330px-Lego_Color_Bricks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Lego_Color_Bricks.jpg/440px-Lego_Color_Bricks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Lego_Color_Bricks.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Lego" title="Lego">Lego</a> bricks are produced by <a href="/wiki/The_Lego_Group" title="The Lego Group">The Lego Group</a>, headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Billund,_Denmark" title="Billund, Denmark">Billund</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>Denmark has a <a href="/wiki/Developed_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Developed economy">developed</a> <a href="/wiki/Mixed_economy" title="Mixed economy">mixed economy</a> that is classed as a <a href="/wiki/World_Bank_high-income_economy" title="World Bank high-income economy">high-income economy</a> by the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139">[123]</a></sup> In 2017, it ranked 16th in the world in terms of <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GNI_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GNI (PPP) per capita">gross national income (PPP) per capita</a> and 10th in <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GNI_(nominal,_Atlas_method)_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by GNI (nominal, Atlas method) per capita">nominal GNI per capita</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wb_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wb-140">[124]</a></sup> Denmark's economy stands out as one of the most free in the <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Economic_Freedom" title="Index of Economic Freedom">Index of Economic Freedom</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Economic_Freedom_of_the_World" title="Economic Freedom of the World">Economic Freedom of the World</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141">[125]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2011-09-20_fraserinstitute_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011-09-20_fraserinstitute-142">[126]</a></sup> It is the 10th most competitive economy in the world, and 6th in Europe, according to the <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a> in its <i>Global Competitiveness Report 2018</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-wefcomp_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wefcomp-143">[127]</a></sup>
</p><p>Denmark has the fourth highest ratio of <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_education" title="Tertiary education">tertiary degree</a> holders in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144">[128]</a></sup> The country ranks highest in the world for <a href="/wiki/Labor_rights" title="Labor rights">workers' rights</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145">[129]</a></sup> GDP per hour worked was the 13th highest in 2009. The country has a market income inequality close to the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> average,<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146">[130]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147">[131]</a></sup> but after taxes and public cash transfers the income inequality is <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_income_equality" title="List of countries by income equality">considerably lower</a>. According to <a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a>, Denmark's <a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini coefficient</a> for disposable income was the 7th-lowest among EU countries in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-eurostat_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eurostat-148">[132]</a></sup>
According to the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>, Denmark has <a href="/wiki/List_of_minimum_wages_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="List of minimum wages by country">the world's highest minimum wage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149">[133]</a></sup> As Denmark has no minimum wage legislation, the high wage floor has been attributed to the power of <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">trade unions</a>. For example, as the result of a collective bargaining agreement between the <a href="/wiki/Fagligt_F%C3%A6lles_Forbund" class="mw-redirect" title="Fagligt Fælles Forbund">3F trade union</a> and the employers group <a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horesta" class="extiw" title="da:Horesta">Horesta</a>, workers at <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Fast_food_chain" class="mw-redirect" title="Fast food chain">fast food chains</a> make the equivalent of <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>20 an hour, which is more than double what their counterparts earn in the United States, and have access to five weeks' paid vacation, <a href="/wiki/Parental_leave" title="Parental leave">parental leave</a> and a pension plan.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150">[134]</a></sup> Union density in 2015 was 68%.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151">[135]</a></sup>
</p><p>Once a predominantly <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agricultural</a> country on account of its <a href="/wiki/Arable_land" title="Arable land">arable</a> landscape, since 1945 Denmark has greatly expanded its <a href="/wiki/Industrial_base" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial base">industrial base</a> and <a href="/wiki/Service_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Service sector">service sector</a>. By 2017 services contributed circa 75% of GDP, manufacturing about 15% and agriculture less than 2%.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152">[136]</a></sup> Major industries include <a href="/wiki/Wind_turbine" title="Wind turbine">wind turbines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry" title="Pharmaceutical industry">pharmaceuticals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medical_equipment" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical equipment">medical equipment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Machinery" class="mw-redirect" title="Machinery">machinery</a> and transportation equipment, <a href="/wiki/Food_processing" title="Food processing">food processing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">construction</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-factbook2_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-factbook2-153">[137]</a></sup> Circa 60% of the total export value is due to export of goods, and the remaining 40% is from service exports, mainly sea transport. The country's main export goods are: wind turbines, pharmaceuticals, machinery and instruments, meat and meat products, dairy products, fish, furniture and design.<sup id="cite_ref-factbook2_153-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-factbook2-153">[137]</a></sup> Denmark is a net exporter of food and energy and has for a number of years had a <a href="/wiki/Balance_of_payments" title="Balance of payments">balance of payments</a> surplus which has transformed the country from a net debitor to a net creditor country. By 1 July 2018, the <a href="/wiki/Net_international_investment_position" title="Net international investment position">net international investment position</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Net_foreign_assets" title="Net foreign assets">net foreign assets</a>) of Denmark was equal to 64.6% of GDP.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154">[138]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Svin_ved_Tarm,_Jylland_aug_2015_(20871345365).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Svin_ved_Tarm%2C_Jylland_aug_2015_%2820871345365%29.jpg/220px-Svin_ved_Tarm%2C_Jylland_aug_2015_%2820871345365%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Svin_ved_Tarm%2C_Jylland_aug_2015_%2820871345365%29.jpg/330px-Svin_ved_Tarm%2C_Jylland_aug_2015_%2820871345365%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Svin_ved_Tarm%2C_Jylland_aug_2015_%2820871345365%29.jpg/440px-Svin_ved_Tarm%2C_Jylland_aug_2015_%2820871345365%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3264" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Svin_ved_Tarm,_Jylland_aug_2015_(20871345365).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Denmark is a major producer and exporter of <a href="/wiki/Pork" title="Pork">pork</a> products.</div></div></div>
<p>A liberalisation of import tariffs in 1797 marked the end of <a href="/wiki/Mercantilism" title="Mercantilism">mercantilism</a> and further liberalisation in the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century established the Danish liberal tradition in international trade that was only to be broken by the 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155">[139]</a></sup> Even when other countries, such as Germany and France, raised protection for their agricultural sector because of increased American competition resulting in much lower agricultural prices after 1870, Denmark retained its free trade policies, as the country profited from the cheap imports of cereals (used as feedstuffs for their cattle and pigs) and could increase their exports of butter and meat of which the prices were more stable.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156">[140]</a></sup> Today, Denmark is part of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Internal_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal market">internal market</a>, which represents more than 508 million consumers. Several domestic commercial policies are determined by agreements among European Union (EU) members and by EU legislation. Support for <a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">free trade</a> is high among the Danish public; in a 2016 poll 57% responded saw globalisation as an opportunity whereas 18% viewed it as a threat.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157">[141]</a></sup> 70% of trade flows are inside the European Union. As of 2017<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Denmark's largest export partners are Germany, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-factbook_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-factbook-84">[73]</a></sup>
</p><p>Denmark's currency, the <i><a href="/wiki/Danish_krone" title="Danish krone">krone</a></i> (DKK), is <a href="/wiki/Fixed_exchange_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Fixed exchange rate">pegged</a> at approximately 7.46 kroner per euro through the <a href="/wiki/European_Exchange_Rate_Mechanism" title="European Exchange Rate Mechanism">ERM II</a>. Although a <a href="/wiki/2000_Danish_euro_referendum" title="2000 Danish euro referendum">September 2000 referendum</a> rejected adopting the <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-denmarkandtheeuro_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-denmarkandtheeuro-158">[142]</a></sup> the country follows the policies set forth in the <a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Monetary_Union_of_the_European_Union" title="Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union">Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union</a> (EMU) and meets the economic <a href="/wiki/Euro_convergence_criteria" title="Euro convergence criteria">convergence criteria</a> needed to adopt the euro. The majority of the political parties in the Folketing support joining the EMU, but since 2010 opinion polls have consistently shown a clear majority against adopting the euro. In May 2018, 29% of respondents from Denmark in a <a href="/wiki/Eurobarometer" title="Eurobarometer">Eurobarometer</a> opinion poll stated that they were in favour of the EMU and the euro, whereas 65% were against it.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159">[143]</a></sup>
</p><p>Ranked by turnover in Denmark, the largest Danish companies are: <a href="/wiki/A.P._M%C3%B8ller-M%C3%A6rsk" class="mw-redirect" title="A.P. Møller-Mærsk">A.P. Møller-Mærsk</a> (international shipping), <a href="/wiki/Novo_Nordisk" title="Novo Nordisk">Novo Nordisk</a> (pharmaceuticals), <a href="/wiki/ISS_A/S" title="ISS A/S">ISS A/S</a> (facility services), <a href="/wiki/Vestas" title="Vestas">Vestas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wind_turbine" title="Wind turbine">wind turbines</a>), <a href="/wiki/Arla_Foods" title="Arla Foods">Arla Foods</a> (dairy), <a href="/wiki/DSV_(company)" title="DSV (company)">DSV</a> (transport), <a href="/wiki/Carlsberg_Group" title="Carlsberg Group">Carlsberg Group</a> (beer), <a href="/wiki/Salling_Group" title="Salling Group">Salling Group</a> (retail), <a href="/wiki/%C3%98rsted_(company)" title="Ørsted (company)">Ørsted A/S</a> (power), <a href="/wiki/Danske_Bank" title="Danske Bank">Danske Bank</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160">[144]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Public_policy">Public policy</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Public policy">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Flexicurity" title="Flexicurity">Flexicurity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Denmark" title="Taxation in Denmark">Taxation in Denmark</a></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Also related: <a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Taxation in the Faroe Islands">Taxation in the Faroe Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Greenland" title="Taxation in Greenland">Taxation in Greenland</a></div>
<p>Danes enjoy a high standard of living and the Danish economy is characterised by extensive government <a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">welfare provisions</a>. Denmark has a <a href="/wiki/Corporate_tax" title="Corporate tax">corporate tax</a> rate of 22% and a special time-limited tax regime for expatriates.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161">[145]</a></sup> The Danish taxation system is broad based, with a 25% <a href="/wiki/Value-added_tax" title="Value-added tax">value-added tax</a>, in addition to excise taxes, income taxes and other fees. The overall level of taxation (sum of all taxes, as a percentage of GDP) was 46% in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162">[146]</a></sup> The tax structure of Denmark (the relative weight of different taxes) differs from the OECD average, as the Danish tax system in 2015 was characterised by substantially higher revenues from taxes on personal income and a lower proportion of revenues from taxes on corporate income and gains and property taxes than in OECD generally, whereas no revenues at all derive from social security contributions. The proportion deriving from payroll taxes, VAT, and other taxes on goods and services correspond to the OECD average<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163">[147]</a></sup>
</p><p>As of 2014<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, 6% of the population was reported to live below the <a href="/wiki/Poverty_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty line">poverty line</a>, when adjusted for taxes and transfers. Denmark has the 2nd lowest relative poverty rate in the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a>, below the 11.3% OECD average.<sup id="cite_ref-OECD1_164-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OECD1-164">[148]</a></sup> The share of the population reporting that they feel that they cannot afford to buy sufficient food in Denmark is less than half of the OECD average.<sup id="cite_ref-OECD1_164-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OECD1-164">[148]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Labour_market">Labour market</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Labour market">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Like other Nordic countries, Denmark has adopted the <a href="/wiki/Nordic_Model" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordic Model">Nordic Model</a>, which combines <a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">free market</a> capitalism with a comprehensive <a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">welfare state</a> and strong <a href="/wiki/Worker_protection" class="mw-redirect" title="Worker protection">worker protection</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nordic_Model_165-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nordic_Model-165">[149]</a></sup> As a result of its acclaimed "flexicurity" model, Denmark has the freest <a href="/wiki/Labour_economics" title="Labour economics">labour market</a> in Europe, according to the World Bank. Employers can hire and fire whenever they want (flexibility), and between jobs, <a href="/wiki/Unemployment" title="Unemployment">unemployment</a> compensation is relatively high (security). According to OECD, initial as well as long-term net replacement rates for unemployed persons were 65% of previous net income in 2016, against an OECD average of 53%.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166">[150]</a></sup> Establishing a business can be done in a matter of hours and at very low costs.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167">[151]</a></sup> No restrictions apply regarding overtime work, which allows companies to operate 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168">[152]</a></sup> With an employment rate in 2017 of 74.2% for people aged 15–64-years, Denmark ranks 9th highest among the OECD countries, and above the OECD average of 67.8%.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169">[153]</a></sup> The unemployment rate was 5.7% in 2017,<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170">[154]</a></sup> which is considered close to or below its structural level.<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171">[155]</a></sup>
</p><p>The level of <a href="/wiki/Unemployment_benefits" title="Unemployment benefits">unemployment benefits</a> is dependent on former employment and normally on membership of an unemployment fund, which is usually closely connected to a trade union, and previous payment of contributions. Circa 65% of the financing comes from earmarked member contributions, whereas the remaining third originates from the central government and hence ultimately from general taxation.<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172">[156]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Science_and_technology">Science and technology</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Science and technology">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Denmark" title="Internet in Denmark">Internet in Denmark</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Denmark_Confirms_Participation_in_E-ELT.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Denmark_Confirms_Participation_in_E-ELT.jpg/220px-Denmark_Confirms_Participation_in_E-ELT.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Denmark_Confirms_Participation_in_E-ELT.jpg/330px-Denmark_Confirms_Participation_in_E-ELT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Denmark_Confirms_Participation_in_E-ELT.jpg/440px-Denmark_Confirms_Participation_in_E-ELT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2779" data-file-height="2210" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Denmark_Confirms_Participation_in_E-ELT.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>With an investment of 8.5 million euros over the ten-year construction period, Denmark confirms participation in E-ELT.<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173">[157]</a></sup></div></div></div>
<p>Denmark has a long tradition of scientific and technological invention and engagement, and has been involved internationally from the very start of the <a href="/wiki/Scientific_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific revolution">scientific revolution</a>. In current times, Denmark is participating in many high-profile international science and technology projects, including <a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a>, <a href="/wiki/ITER" title="ITER">ITER</a>, <a href="/wiki/ESA" class="mw-redirect" title="ESA">ESA</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">ISS</a> and <a href="/wiki/E-ELT" class="mw-redirect" title="E-ELT">E-ELT</a>. Denmark was ranked 9th in the <a href="/wiki/Global_Innovation_Index" title="Global Innovation Index">Global Innovation Index</a> in 2021, down from 6th in 2020 and from 7th in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174">[158]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175">[159]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176">[160]</a></sup>
</p><p>In the 20th century, Danes have also been innovative in several fields of the technology sector. Danish companies have been influential in the shipping industry with the design of the largest and most energy efficient container ships in the world, the <a href="/wiki/Maersk_Triple_E_class" class="mw-redirect" title="Maersk Triple E class">Maersk Triple E class</a>, and Danish engineers have contributed to the design of <a href="/wiki/MAN_Diesel" title="MAN Diesel">MAN Diesel</a> engines. In the software and electronic field, Denmark contributed to design and manufacturing of <a href="/wiki/Nordic_Mobile_Telephone" title="Nordic Mobile Telephone">Nordic Mobile Telephones</a>, and the now-defunct Danish company <a href="/w/index.php?title=DanCall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DanCall (page does not exist)">DanCall</a> was among the first to develop <a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> mobile phones.
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Life_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Life science">Life science</a> is a key sector with extensive research and development activities. Danish engineers are world-leading in providing <a href="/wiki/Diabetes" title="Diabetes">diabetes</a> care equipment and medication products from Novo Nordisk and, since 2000, the Danish <a href="/wiki/Biotech" class="mw-redirect" title="Biotech">biotech</a> company <a href="/wiki/Novozymes" title="Novozymes">Novozymes</a>, the world market leader in enzymes for first generation starch-based <a href="/wiki/Bioethanol" class="mw-redirect" title="Bioethanol">bioethanol</a>, has pioneered development of enzymes for converting waste to <a href="/wiki/Cellulosic_ethanol" title="Cellulosic ethanol">cellulosic ethanol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177">[161]</a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Medicon_Valley" title="Medicon Valley">Medicon Valley</a></i>, spanning the <a href="/wiki/%C3%98resund_Region" title="Øresund Region">Øresund Region</a> between Zealand and Sweden, is one of Europe's largest life science <a href="/wiki/Business_cluster" title="Business cluster">clusters</a>, containing a large number of life science companies and research institutions located within a very small geographical area.
</p><p>Danish-born computer scientists and software engineers have taken leading roles in some of the world's programming languages: <a href="/wiki/Anders_Hejlsberg" title="Anders Hejlsberg">Anders Hejlsberg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Turbo_Pascal" title="Turbo Pascal">Turbo Pascal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delphi_(programming_language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Delphi (programming language)">Delphi</a>, <a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a>); <a href="/wiki/Rasmus_Lerdorf" title="Rasmus Lerdorf">Rasmus Lerdorf</a> (<a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a>); <a href="/wiki/Bjarne_Stroustrup" title="Bjarne Stroustrup">Bjarne Stroustrup</a> (<a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>); <a href="/wiki/David_Heinemeier_Hansson" title="David Heinemeier Hansson">David Heinemeier Hansson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ruby_on_Rails" title="Ruby on Rails">Ruby on Rails</a>); <a href="/wiki/Lars_Bak_(computer_programmer)" title="Lars Bak (computer programmer)">Lars Bak</a>, a pioneer in virtual machines (<a href="/wiki/V8_(JavaScript_engine)" title="V8 (JavaScript engine)">V8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Java_virtual_machine" title="Java virtual machine">Java VM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dart_(programming_language)" title="Dart (programming language)">Dart</a>). Physicist <a href="/wiki/Lene_Vestergaard_Hau" class="mw-redirect" title="Lene Vestergaard Hau">Lene Vestergaard Hau</a> is the first person to stop light, leading to advances in <a href="/wiki/Quantum_computing" title="Quantum computing">quantum computing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanoscale_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanoscale engineering">nanoscale engineering</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Linear_optics" title="Linear optics">linear optics</a>.
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Energy">Energy</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Energy">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Denmark" title="Energy in Denmark">Energy in Denmark</a></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Energy in the Faroe Islands">Energy in the Faroe Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy in Greenland">Energy in Greenland</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:DanishWindTurbines.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/DanishWindTurbines.jpg/220px-DanishWindTurbines.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="77" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/DanishWindTurbines.jpg/330px-DanishWindTurbines.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/DanishWindTurbines.jpg/440px-DanishWindTurbines.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="279" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:DanishWindTurbines.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Middelgrunden_wind_farm" title="Middelgrunden wind farm">Middelgrunden</a>, an offshore wind farm near Copenhagen</div></div></div>
<p>Denmark has considerably large deposits of oil and natural gas in the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a> and ranks as number 32 in the world among net exporters of <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">crude oil</a><sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178">[162]</a></sup> and was producing 259,980 barrels of crude oil a day in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179">[163]</a></sup> Denmark is a long-time leader in <a href="/wiki/Wind_power" title="Wind power">wind power</a>: In 2015 <a href="/wiki/Wind_turbine" title="Wind turbine">wind turbines</a> provided 42.1% of the total electricity consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180">[164]</a></sup> In May 2011<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> Denmark derived 3.1% of its gross domestic product from renewable (clean) energy technology and energy efficiency, or around €6.5 billion ($9.4 billion).<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181">[165]</a></sup> Denmark is connected by <a href="/wiki/Electric_transmission_lines" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric transmission lines">electric transmission lines</a> to other European countries.
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Denmark" title="Electricity sector in Denmark">Denmark's electricity sector</a> has integrated energy sources such as wind power into the national grid. Denmark now aims to focus on intelligent battery systems (<a href="/wiki/Vehicle-to-grid" title="Vehicle-to-grid">V2G</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Electric_vehicle" title="Electric vehicle">plug-in vehicles</a> in the transport sector.<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182">[166]</a></sup> The country is a member nation of the <a href="/wiki/International_Renewable_Energy_Agency" title="International Renewable Energy Agency">International Renewable Energy Agency</a> (IRENA).<sup id="cite_ref-IRENAstates_183-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IRENAstates-183">[167]</a></sup>
</p><p>Denmark exported roughly 460 million <a href="/wiki/Gigajoule" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigajoule">GJ</a> of energy in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184">[168]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Transport">Transport</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Transport">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Denmark" title="Transport in Denmark">Transport in Denmark</a></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Transport in the Faroe Islands">Transport in the Faroe Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Greenland" title="Transport in Greenland">Transport in Greenland</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Denmark_passenger_and_freight_railway_network.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Denmark_passenger_and_freight_railway_network.png/220px-Denmark_passenger_and_freight_railway_network.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Denmark_passenger_and_freight_railway_network.png/330px-Denmark_passenger_and_freight_railway_network.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Denmark_passenger_and_freight_railway_network.png/440px-Denmark_passenger_and_freight_railway_network.png 2x" data-file-width="562" data-file-height="472" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Denmark_passenger_and_freight_railway_network.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Denmark railway network</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Copenhagen_airport_from_air.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Copenhagen_airport_from_air.jpg/220px-Copenhagen_airport_from_air.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Copenhagen_airport_from_air.jpg/330px-Copenhagen_airport_from_air.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Copenhagen_airport_from_air.jpg/440px-Copenhagen_airport_from_air.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4020" data-file-height="2665" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Copenhagen_airport_from_air.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_Airport" title="Copenhagen Airport">Copenhagen Airport</a> is the largest airport in Scandinavia and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_Europe" title="List of the busiest airports in Europe">15th-busiest in Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cph_185-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cph-185">[169]</a></sup></div></div></div>
<p>Significant investment has been made in building road and rail links between regions in Denmark, most notably the <a href="/wiki/Great_Belt_Fixed_Link" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Belt Fixed Link">Great Belt Fixed Link</a>, which connects <a href="/wiki/Zealand" title="Zealand">Zealand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Funen" title="Funen">Funen</a>. It is now possible to drive from <a href="/wiki/Frederikshavn" title="Frederikshavn">Frederikshavn</a> in northern <a href="/wiki/Jutland" title="Jutland">Jutland</a> to <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a> on eastern Zealand without leaving the motorway. The main railway operator is <a href="/wiki/DSB_(railway_company)" title="DSB (railway company)">DSB</a> for passenger services and <a href="/wiki/DB_Cargo" title="DB Cargo">DB Cargo</a> for freight trains. The railway tracks are maintained by <a href="/wiki/Banedanmark" title="Banedanmark">Banedanmark</a>. The North Sea and the Baltic Sea are intertwined by various, international ferry links. Construction of the <a href="/wiki/Fehmarn_Belt_Fixed_Link" class="mw-redirect" title="Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link">Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link</a>, connecting Denmark and Germany with a second link, will start in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186">[170]</a></sup> Copenhagen has a <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">rapid transit</a> system, the <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_Metro" title="Copenhagen Metro">Copenhagen Metro</a>, and an extensive electrified suburban railway network, the <a href="/wiki/S-train" class="mw-redirect" title="S-train">S-train</a>. In the four largest cities – <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aarhus" title="Aarhus">Aarhus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odense" title="Odense">Odense</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aalborg" title="Aalborg">Aalborg</a> – <a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">light rail</a> systems are planned to be in operation around 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187">[171]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Denmark" title="Cycling in Denmark">Cycling in Denmark</a> is a very common form of transport, particularly for the young and for city dwellers. With a network of bicycle routes extending more than 12,000 km<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188">[172]</a></sup> and an estimated 7,000 km<sup id="cite_ref-vcta_189-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vcta-189">[173]</a></sup> of <a href="/wiki/Segregated_cycle_facilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Segregated cycle facilities">segregated dedicated bicycle paths and lanes</a>, Denmark has a solid <a href="/wiki/Cycling_infrastructure" title="Cycling infrastructure">bicycle infrastructure</a>.
</p><p>Private vehicles are increasingly used as a means of transport. Because of the <a href="/wiki/Car_taxation" class="mw-redirect" title="Car taxation">high registration tax</a> (150%), <a href="/wiki/VAT" class="mw-redirect" title="VAT">VAT</a> (25%), and one of the world's highest income tax rates, new cars are very expensive. The purpose of the tax is to discourage car ownership.
In 2007, an attempt was made by the government to favour environmentally friendly cars by slightly reducing taxes on high mileage vehicles. However, this has had little effect, and in 2008 Denmark experienced an increase in the import of fuel inefficient old cars,<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190">[174]</a></sup> as the cost for older cars—including taxes—keeps them within the budget of many Danes.
As of 2011<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the average car age is 9.2 years.<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191">[175]</a></sup>
</p><p>With Norway and Sweden, Denmark is part of the <a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Airlines" title="Scandinavian Airlines">Scandinavian Airlines</a> <a href="/wiki/Flag_carrier" title="Flag carrier">flag carrier</a>. <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_Airport" title="Copenhagen Airport">Copenhagen Airport</a> is Scandinavia's busiest passenger airport, handling over 25 million passengers in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-cph_185-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cph-185">[169]</a></sup> Other notable airports are <a href="/wiki/Billund_Airport" title="Billund Airport">Billund Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aalborg_Airport" title="Aalborg Airport">Aalborg Airport</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aarhus_Airport" title="Aarhus Airport">Aarhus Airport</a>.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Demographics">Demographics</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Denmark" title="Demographics of Denmark">Demographics of Denmark</a></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Demographics of the Faroe Islands">Demographics of the Faroe Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Greenland" title="Demographics of Greenland">Demographics of Greenland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_in_Denmark_by_population" title="List of urban areas in Denmark by population">List of urban areas in Denmark by population</a></div>
<div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px">
<div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)">
<div style="border:solid transparent;background-color: initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:MediumBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color: initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 470.94799665086px; border-left-color:DarkGray"></div>
<div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DarkGray"></div>
<div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DarkGray"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color: initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 83.898067034712px; border-left-color:DarkBlue"></div>
<div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DarkBlue"></div>
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<div class="thumbcaption">
<p>Population by ancestry (Q2 2020):<sup id="cite_ref-pop1_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop1-28">[17]</a></sup>
</p>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DarkBlue; color:white;"> </span> People of Danish origin (including <i>Faroese</i> and <i>Greenlandic</i>) (86.11%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DarkGray; color:black;"> </span> Immigrant (10.56%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:MediumBlue; color:white;"> </span> Descendant of an immigrant (3.34%)</div>
</div>
</div></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Population">Population</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Population">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Denmark" title="List of cities and towns in Denmark">List of cities and towns in Denmark</a></div>
<p>The population of Denmark, as registered by <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Denmark" title="Statistics Denmark">Statistics Denmark</a>, was 5.825 million in April 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-pop1_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop1-28">[17]</a></sup> Denmark has one of the oldest populations in the world, with the average age of 41.9 years,<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192">[176]</a></sup> with 0.97 males per female. Despite a low birth rate, the population is growing at an average annual rate of 0.59%<sup id="cite_ref-factbook2_153-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-factbook2-153">[137]</a></sup> because of net immigration and increasing longevity. The <a href="/wiki/World_Happiness_Report" title="World Happiness Report">World Happiness Report</a> frequently ranks Denmark's population as the happiest in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-happiness_193-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-happiness-193">[177]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Earth_Institute_2013_194-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Earth_Institute_2013-194">[178]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BruceStokes_195-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BruceStokes-195">[179]</a></sup> This has been attributed to the country's highly regarded education and <a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Health care in Denmark">health care</a> systems,<sup id="cite_ref-Taylor_196-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor-196">[180]</a></sup> and its low level of <a href="/wiki/Income_inequality" class="mw-redirect" title="Income inequality">income inequality</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-eurogini_197-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eurogini-197">[181]</a></sup>
</p><p>Denmark is a historically <a href="/wiki/Homogeneity_(statistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Homogeneity (statistics)">homogeneous</a> nation.<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas2016_198-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas2016-198">[182]</a></sup> However, as with its Scandinavian neighbours, Denmark has recently transformed from a nation of <a href="/wiki/Net_migration" class="mw-redirect" title="Net migration">net emigration</a>, up until World War II, to a nation of net immigration. Today, <a href="/wiki/Residence_permit" title="Residence permit">residence permits</a> are issued mostly to immigrants from other EU countries (54% of all non-Scandinavian immigrants in 2017). Another 31% of residence permits were study- or work-related, 4% were issued to <a href="/wiki/Asylum_seeker" title="Asylum seeker">asylum seekers</a> and 10% to persons who arrive as family dependants.<sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199">[183]</a></sup> Overall, the net migration rate in 2017 was 2.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population, somewhat lower than the United Kingdom and the other Nordic countries.<sup id="cite_ref-factbook2_153-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-factbook2-153">[137]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200">[184]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201">[185]</a></sup>
</p><p>There are no official statistics on <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" title="Ethnic group">ethnic groups</a>, but according to 2020 figures from Statistics Denmark, 86.11% of the population in Denmark was of <a href="/wiki/Danes" title="Danes">Danish</a> descent (including <i><a href="/wiki/Faroese_Dane" title="Faroese Dane">Faroese</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_people_in_Denmark" title="Greenlandic people in Denmark">Greenlandic</a></i>), defined as having at least one parent who was born in the <a href="/wiki/Realm_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Realm of Denmark">Kingdom of Denmark</a> and holds <a href="/wiki/Danish_nationality_law" title="Danish nationality law">Danish Nationality</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pop1_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop1-28">[17]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-denonly_group=N_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-denonly_group=N-19">[N 7]</a></sup> The remaining 13.89% were of foreign background, defined as immigrants or descendants of recent immigrants. With the same definition, the most common countries of origin were <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Turkey" title="Demographics of Turkey">Turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poles" title="Poles">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syrians" title="Syrians">Syria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraqis" title="Iraqis">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistanis" title="Pakistanis">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Somalis" title="Somalis">Somalia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pop1_28-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop1-28">[17]</a></sup>
</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_Inuit" title="Greenlandic Inuit">Inuit</a> are indigenous to Greenland in the Kingdom and have traditionally inhabited Greenland and the northern parts of Canada and Alaska in the <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a>. From the 18th century up to the 1970s, the Danish government (Dano-Norwegian until 1814) have through time tried to assimilate the Greenlandic Inuit, encouraging them to adopt the majority language, culture and religion. Because of this "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Danization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danization (page does not exist)">Danization</a> process", several persons of Inuit ancestry now identify their mother tongue as Danish.
</p>
<table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;">
<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="11"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Largest cities in Denmark (as of 1 January 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>)</div>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="23">
<p><a href="/wiki/File:Vor_Frelsers_Kirke-view8.jpg" class="image" title="Copenhagen"><img alt="Copenhagen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Vor_Frelsers_Kirke-view8.jpg/135px-Vor_Frelsers_Kirke-view8.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="101" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Vor_Frelsers_Kirke-view8.jpg/203px-Vor_Frelsers_Kirke-view8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Vor_Frelsers_Kirke-view8.jpg/270px-Vor_Frelsers_Kirke-view8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a><br />
<a href="/wiki/File:Aarhus_Courthouse,_2017-04-12.jpg" class="image" title="Aarhus"><img alt="Aarhus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Aarhus_Courthouse%2C_2017-04-12.jpg/135px-Aarhus_Courthouse%2C_2017-04-12.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="101" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Aarhus_Courthouse%2C_2017-04-12.jpg/203px-Aarhus_Courthouse%2C_2017-04-12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Aarhus_Courthouse%2C_2017-04-12.jpg/270px-Aarhus_Courthouse%2C_2017-04-12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4723" data-file-height="3542" /></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Aarhus" title="Aarhus">Aarhus</a><br />
</p>
</td>
<th><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_in_Denmark_by_population" title="List of urban areas in Denmark by population">Rank</a>
</th>
<th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Denmark">Core City</a>
</th>
<th><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Denmark" title="Regions of Denmark">Region</a>
</th>
<th><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_in_Denmark_by_population" title="List of urban areas in Denmark by population">Urban Population</a>
</th>
<th><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Denmark" title="List of municipalities of Denmark">Municipal Population</a>
</th>
<td rowspan="23"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604349">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Largest_cities_of_Denmark" title="Template:Largest cities of Denmark"><span title="View this template">view</span></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Largest_cities_of_Denmark" title="Template talk:Largest cities of Denmark"><span title="Discuss this template">talk</span></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Largest_cities_of_Denmark&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template">edit</span></a></li></ul></div>
<p><a href="/wiki/File:OUH_udsigt_mod_nord_fra_h%C3%B8jhuset_-_panoramio.jpg" class="image" title="Odense"><img alt="Odense" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/OUH_udsigt_mod_nord_fra_h%C3%B8jhuset_-_panoramio.jpg/135px-OUH_udsigt_mod_nord_fra_h%C3%B8jhuset_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="101" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/OUH_udsigt_mod_nord_fra_h%C3%B8jhuset_-_panoramio.jpg/203px-OUH_udsigt_mod_nord_fra_h%C3%B8jhuset_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/OUH_udsigt_mod_nord_fra_h%C3%B8jhuset_-_panoramio.jpg/270px-OUH_udsigt_mod_nord_fra_h%C3%B8jhuset_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Odense" title="Odense">Odense</a><br />
<a href="/wiki/File:Aalborg_2010_-_125_ubt.JPG" class="image" title="Aalborg"><img alt="Aalborg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Aalborg_2010_-_125_ubt.JPG/135px-Aalborg_2010_-_125_ubt.JPG" decoding="async" width="135" height="101" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Aalborg_2010_-_125_ubt.JPG/203px-Aalborg_2010_-_125_ubt.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Aalborg_2010_-_125_ubt.JPG/270px-Aalborg_2010_-_125_ubt.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Aalborg" title="Aalborg">Aalborg</a><br />
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></b></td>
<td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Capital_Region_of_Denmark" title="Capital Region of Denmark">Capital Region of Denmark</a></td>
<td>1,280,371</td>
<td>591,481
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Aarhus" title="Aarhus">Aarhus</a></b></td>
<td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Denmark_Region" title="Central Denmark Region">Central Denmark Region</a></td>
<td>264,716</td>
<td>330,639
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Odense" title="Odense">Odense</a></b></td>
<td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Region_of_Southern_Denmark" title="Region of Southern Denmark">Region of Southern Denmark</a></td>
<td>175,245</td>
<td>198,972
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Aalborg" title="Aalborg">Aalborg</a></b></td>
<td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/North_Denmark_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="North Denmark Region">North Denmark Region</a></td>
<td>112,194</td>
<td>210,316
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>5</td>
<td style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Esbjerg" title="Esbjerg">Esbjerg</a></b></td>
<td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Region_of_Southern_Denmark" title="Region of Southern Denmark">Region of Southern Denmark</a></td>
<td>72,151</td>
<td>115,748
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>6</td>
<td style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Randers" title="Randers">Randers</a></b></td>
<td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Denmark_Region" title="Central Denmark Region">Central Denmark Region</a></td>
<td>62,342</td>
<td>97,520
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>7</td>
<td style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Kolding" title="Kolding">Kolding</a></b></td>
<td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Region_of_Southern_Denmark" title="Region of Southern Denmark">Region of Southern Denmark</a></td>
<td>59,712</td>
<td>91,695
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>8</td>
<td style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Horsens" title="Horsens">Horsens</a></b></td>
<td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Denmark_Region" title="Central Denmark Region">Central Denmark Region</a></td>
<td>57,517</td>
<td>87,736
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>9</td>
<td style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Vejle" title="Vejle">Vejle</a></b></td>
<td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Region_of_Southern_Denmark" title="Region of Southern Denmark">Region of Southern Denmark</a></td>
<td>54,862</td>
<td>111,743
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>10</td>
<td style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Roskilde" title="Roskilde">Roskilde</a></b></td>
<td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Region_Zealand" title="Region Zealand">Region Zealand</a></td>
<td>50,046</td>
<td>86,207
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="5">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statbank.dk/BY1">Statistics Denmark</a>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Languages">Languages</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Languages">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Denmark" title="Languages of Denmark">Languages of Denmark</a></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Languages of the Faroe Islands">Languages of the Faroe Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Greenland" title="Languages of Greenland">Languages of Greenland</a></div>
<p><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a> is the <i>de facto</i> <a href="/wiki/National_language" title="National language">national language</a> of Denmark.<sup id="cite_ref-Ethnologue_202-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ethnologue-202">[186]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Faroese_language" title="Faroese language">Faroese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_language" title="Greenlandic language">Greenlandic</a> are the official languages of the Faroe Islands and Greenland respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-Ethnologue_202-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ethnologue-202">[186]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> is a recognised <a href="/wiki/Minority_language" title="Minority language">minority language</a> in the area of the former <a href="/wiki/South_Jutland_County" title="South Jutland County">South Jutland County</a> (now part of the <a href="/wiki/Region_of_Southern_Denmark" title="Region of Southern Denmark">Region of Southern Denmark</a>), which was part of the German Empire prior to the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ethnologue_202-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ethnologue-202">[186]</a></sup> Danish and Faroese belong to the <a href="/wiki/North_Germanic_languages" title="North Germanic languages">North Germanic</a> (Nordic) branch of the <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European languages</a>, along with <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-language_203-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-language-203">[187]</a></sup> There is a limited degree of <a href="/wiki/North_Germanic_languages#Mutual_intelligibility" title="North Germanic languages">mutual intelligibility between Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish</a>. Danish is more distantly related to German, which is a <a href="/wiki/West_Germanic_languages" title="West Germanic languages">West Germanic</a> language. Greenlandic or "Kalaallisut" belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Eskimo%E2%80%93Aleut_languages" title="Eskimo–Aleut languages">Eskimo–Aleut languages</a>; it is closely related to the <a href="/wiki/Inuit_languages" title="Inuit languages">Inuit languages</a> in Canada, such as <a href="/wiki/Inuktitut" title="Inuktitut">Inuktitut</a>, and entirely unrelated to Danish.<sup id="cite_ref-language_203-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-language-203">[187]</a></sup>
</p><p>A large majority (86%) of Danes speak <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> as a second language,<sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-204">[188]</a></sup> generally with a high level of <a href="/wiki/Language_proficiency" title="Language proficiency">proficiency</a>. German is the second-most spoken foreign language, with 47% reporting a conversational level of proficiency.<sup id="cite_ref-Ethnologue_202-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ethnologue-202">[186]</a></sup> Denmark had 25,900 <a href="/wiki/First_language" title="First language">native speakers</a> of German in 2007 (mostly in the South Jutland area).<sup id="cite_ref-Ethnologue_202-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ethnologue-202">[186]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Religion">Religion</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Denmark" title="Religion in Denmark">Religion in Denmark</a></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Also related: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Religion in the Faroe Islands">Religion in the Faroe Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Greenland" title="Religion in Greenland">Religion in Greenland</a></div>
<p><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Denmark" title="Christianity in Denmark">Christianity</a> is the dominant religion in Denmark. In January 2020, 74.3%<sup id="cite_ref-:1_205-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-205">[189]</a></sup> of the population of Denmark were members of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Denmark" title="Church of Denmark">Church of Denmark</a> (<span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">Den Danske Folkekirke</i></span>), the <a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">officially established</a> church, which is <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> in classification and <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> in orientation.<sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206">[190]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207">[N 17]</a></sup> The membership percentage have been in steadily decline since the 1970s, mainly as fewer newborns are being <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptised</a> into it.<sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-208">[191]</a></sup> Only 3% of the population regularly attend Sunday services<sup id="cite_ref-report_2009_209-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-report_2009-209">[192]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-210" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-210">[193]</a></sup> and only 19% of Danes consider religion to be an important part of their life.<sup id="cite_ref-gallup-religiosity-poor-nations_211-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gallup-religiosity-poor-nations-211">[194]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Roskilde_Cathedral_aerial.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Roskilde_Cathedral_aerial.jpg/220px-Roskilde_Cathedral_aerial.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Roskilde_Cathedral_aerial.jpg/330px-Roskilde_Cathedral_aerial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Roskilde_Cathedral_aerial.jpg/440px-Roskilde_Cathedral_aerial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3359" data-file-height="2349" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Roskilde_Cathedral_aerial.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Roskilde_Cathedral" title="Roskilde Cathedral">Roskilde Cathedral</a> has been the burial place of Danish royalty since the 15th century. In 1995 it became a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Denmark" title="Constitution of Denmark">Constitution</a> states that the sovereign must have the Lutheran faith, though the rest of the population is free to adhere to other faiths.<sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-212">[195]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-213">[196]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FoR_214-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FoR-214">[197]</a></sup> In 1682 the state granted limited recognition to three religious groups dissenting from the Established Church: <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in Denmark">Roman Catholicism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Synod_of_Denmark" title="Reformed Synod of Denmark">the Reformed Church</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Denmark" title="History of the Jews in Denmark">Judaism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FoR_214-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FoR-214">[197]</a></sup> although conversion to these groups from the Church of Denmark remained illegal initially. Until the 1970s, the state formally recognised "religious societies" by <a href="/wiki/Royal_decree" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal decree">royal decree</a>. Today, religious groups do not need official government recognition, they can be granted the right to perform weddings and other ceremonies without this recognition.<sup id="cite_ref-FoR_214-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FoR-214">[197]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Denmark" title="Islam in Denmark">Denmark's Muslims</a> make up approximately 4.4% of the population<sup id="cite_ref-jac2020_215-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jac2020-215">[198]</a></sup> and form the country's second largest religious community and largest minority religion.<sup id="cite_ref-jac2018_216-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jac2018-216">[199]</a></sup> The Danish Foreign Ministry estimates that other religious groups comprise less than 1% of the population individually and approximately 2% when taken all together.<sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217">[200]</a></sup>
</p><p>According to a 2010 <a href="/wiki/Eurobarometer" title="Eurobarometer">Eurobarometer</a> Poll,<sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218">[201]</a></sup> 28% of Danish nationals polled responded that they "believe there is a God", 47% responded that they "believe there is some sort of spirit or life force" and 24% responded that they "do not believe there is any sort of spirit, God or life force". Another poll, carried out in 2009, found that 25% of Danes believe <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Son_of_God" title="Son of God">son of God</a>, and 18% believe he is the <a href="/wiki/Redeemer_(Christianity)" title="Redeemer (Christianity)">saviour</a> of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-219" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-219">[202]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Education">Education</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Denmark" title="Education in Denmark">Education in Denmark</a></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Also related: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Education in the Faroe Islands">Education in the Faroe Islands</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Greenland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in Greenland (page does not exist)">Education in Greenland</a></div>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/wiki/File:K%C3%B8benhavns_universitet_lektionskatalog_1537.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/K%C3%B8benhavns_universitet_lektionskatalog_1537.jpg/170px-K%C3%B8benhavns_universitet_lektionskatalog_1537.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="228" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/K%C3%B8benhavns_universitet_lektionskatalog_1537.jpg/255px-K%C3%B8benhavns_universitet_lektionskatalog_1537.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/K%C3%B8benhavns_universitet_lektionskatalog_1537.jpg/340px-K%C3%B8benhavns_universitet_lektionskatalog_1537.jpg 2x" data-file-width="509" data-file-height="683" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:K%C3%B8benhavns_universitet_lektionskatalog_1537.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The oldest surviving Danish lecture plan dated 1537 from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Copenhagen" title="University of Copenhagen">University of Copenhagen</a></div></div></div>
<p>All educational programmes in Denmark are regulated by the <a href="/wiki/Education_Minister_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Education Minister of Denmark">Ministry of Education</a> and administered by local municipalities. <i><a href="/wiki/Danish_Folkeskole_Education" title="Danish Folkeskole Education">Folkeskole</a></i> covers the entire period of compulsory education, encompassing <a href="/wiki/Primary_school" title="Primary school">primary</a> and lower <a href="/wiki/Secondary_school" title="Secondary school">secondary education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-edu_220-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edu-220">[203]</a></sup> Most children attend <i>folkeskole</i> for 10 years, from the ages of 6 to 16. There are no final examinations, but pupils can choose to sit an exam when finishing <a href="/wiki/Ninth_grade" title="Ninth grade">ninth grade</a> (14–15 years old). The test is obligatory if further education is to be attended. Alternatively pupils can attend an <a href="/wiki/Independent_school" title="Independent school">independent school</a> (<span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">friskole</i></span>), or a private school (<span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">privatskole</i></span>), such as <a href="/wiki/Christian_school" title="Christian school">Christian schools</a> or <a href="/wiki/Waldorf_education" title="Waldorf education">Waldorf schools</a>.
</p><p>Following graduation from compulsory education, there are several continuing educational opportunities; the <a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_(Denmark)" title="Gymnasium (Denmark)">Gymnasium (STX)</a> attaches importance in teaching a mix of humanities and science, <a href="/wiki/Higher_Technical_Examination_Programme_(HTX)" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher Technical Examination Programme (HTX)">Higher Technical Examination Programme (HTX)</a> focuses on scientific subjects and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_Commercial_Examination_Programme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher Commercial Examination Programme (page does not exist)">Higher Commercial Examination Programme</a> emphasises on subjects in economics. <a href="/wiki/Higher_Preparatory_Examination_(HF)" title="Higher Preparatory Examination (HF)">Higher Preparatory Examination (HF)</a> is similar to <i>Gymnasium (STX)</i>, but is one year shorter. For specific professions, there is <a href="/wiki/Vocational_secondary_education_in_Denmark" title="Vocational secondary education in Denmark">vocational education</a>, training young people for work in specific <a href="/wiki/Trade_(occupation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade (occupation)">trades</a> by a combination of teaching and <a href="/wiki/Apprenticeship" title="Apprenticeship">apprenticeship</a>.
</p><p>The government records upper secondary school completion rates of 95% and <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_education" title="Tertiary education">tertiary</a> enrollment and completion rates of 60%.<sup id="cite_ref-221" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-221">[204]</a></sup> All <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">university</a> and college (tertiary) education in Denmark is free of charges; there are no tuition fees to enrol in courses. Students aged 18 or above may apply for state educational support grants, known as <i><a href="/wiki/Student_loans_in_Denmark" title="Student loans in Denmark">Statens Uddannelsesstøtte</a> (SU)</i>, which provides fixed financial support, disbursed monthly.<sup id="cite_ref-222" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-222">[205]</a></sup> Danish universities offer international students a range of opportunities for obtaining an internationally recognised qualification in Denmark. Many programmes may be taught in the <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English language</a>, the academic <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degrees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">master's degrees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doctorate" title="Doctorate">doctorates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Student_exchange_program" title="Student exchange program">student exchange programmes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-223" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-223">[206]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Health">Health</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Health">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Health care in Denmark">Health care in Denmark</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Rigshospitalet_20130427_0004F_(8739514693).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Rigshospitalet_20130427_0004F_%288739514693%29.jpg/220px-Rigshospitalet_20130427_0004F_%288739514693%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Rigshospitalet_20130427_0004F_%288739514693%29.jpg/330px-Rigshospitalet_20130427_0004F_%288739514693%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Rigshospitalet_20130427_0004F_%288739514693%29.jpg/440px-Rigshospitalet_20130427_0004F_%288739514693%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Rigshospitalet_20130427_0004F_(8739514693).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Rigshospitalet" title="Rigshospitalet">Rigshospitalet</a> in Copenhagen</div></div></div>
<p>As of 2015<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Denmark has a <a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">life expectancy</a> of 80.6 years at birth (78.6 for men, 82.5 for women), up from 76.9 years in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO_224-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO-224">[207]</a></sup> This <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_life_expectancy" title="List of countries by life expectancy">ranks it</a> 27th among 193 nations, behind the other <a href="/wiki/Nordic_countries" title="Nordic countries">Nordic countries</a>. The <i>National Institute of Public Health</i> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_Denmark" title="University of Southern Denmark">University of Southern Denmark</a> has calculated 19 major risk factors among Danes that contribute to a lowering of the life expectancy; this includes smoking, alcohol, <a href="/wiki/Drug_abuse" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug abuse">drug abuse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sedentary_lifestyle" title="Sedentary lifestyle">physical inactivity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-health_report_225-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-health_report-225">[208]</a></sup> Although the <a href="/wiki/Obesity_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Obesity by country">obesity rate</a> is lower than in North America and most other European countries,<sup id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-226">[209]</a></sup> the large number of Danes becoming <a href="/wiki/Overweight" title="Overweight">overweight</a> is an increasing problem and results in an annual additional consumption in the health care system of <a href="/wiki/Danish_krone" title="Danish krone">DKK</a> 1,625 million.<sup id="cite_ref-health_report_225-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-health_report-225">[208]</a></sup> In a 2012 study, Denmark had the highest <a href="/wiki/List_of_OECD_countries_by_cancer_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="List of OECD countries by cancer rate">cancer rate</a> of all countries listed by the <a href="/wiki/World_Cancer_Research_Fund_International" title="World Cancer Research Fund International">World Cancer Research Fund International</a>; researchers suggest the reasons are better reporting, but also lifestyle factors like heavy <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_alcohol_consumption_per_capita" title="List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita">alcohol consumption</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prevalence_of_tobacco_consumption" class="mw-redirect" title="Prevalence of tobacco consumption">smoking</a> and physical inactivity.<sup id="cite_ref-227" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-227">[210]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-228" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-228">[211]</a></sup>
</p><p>Denmark has a <a href="/wiki/Universal_health_care" title="Universal health care">universal</a> <a href="/wiki/Health_care_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Health care system">health care system</a>, characterised by being publicly financed through taxes and, for most of the services, run directly by the regional authorities. <i>One</i> of the sources of income is a national health care contribution (<i><span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">sundhedsbidrag</i></span></i>) (2007–11:8%; '12:7%; '13:6%; '14:5%; '15:4%; '16:3%; '17:2%; '18:1%; '19:0%) but it is being phased out and will be gone from January 2019, with the income taxes in the lower brackets being raised gradually each year instead.<sup id="cite_ref-taxation1_125-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taxation1-125">[111]</a></sup> Another source comes from the municipalities that had their income taxes raised by 3 percentage points from 1 January 2007, a contribution confiscated from the former county tax to be used from 1 January 2007 for health purposes by the municipalities instead. This means that most <a href="/wiki/Health_care_provider" title="Health care provider">health care provision</a> is free at the point of delivery for all residents. Additionally, roughly two in five have complementary <a href="/wiki/Health_insurance" title="Health insurance">private insurance</a> to cover services not fully covered by the state, such as <a href="/wiki/Physiotherapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Physiotherapy">physiotherapy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-commonwealth_229-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-commonwealth-229">[212]</a></sup> As of 2012<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Denmark spends 11.2% of its GDP on health care; this is up from 9.8% in 2007 (US$3,512 per capita).<sup id="cite_ref-commonwealth_229-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-commonwealth-229">[212]</a></sup> This places Denmark above the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> average and above the other Nordic countries.<sup id="cite_ref-commonwealth_229-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-commonwealth-229">[212]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-230" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-230">[213]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Ghettos">Ghettos</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Ghettos">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Denmark" title="Immigration to Denmark">Immigration to Denmark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ghetto_(Denmark)" title="Ghetto (Denmark)">Ghetto (Denmark)</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Janni_Milsted_fra_Mjoelnerparken_i_Koebenhavn_viser_et_projekt_frem,_hvor_beboerne_har_vaeret_med_til_at_plante_krydderurter_og_baerbuske_i_store_kasser_i_de_fire_garde_i_Mjoelnerparken.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Janni_Milsted_fra_Mjoelnerparken_i_Koebenhavn_viser_et_projekt_frem%2C_hvor_beboerne_har_vaeret_med_til_at_plante_krydderurter_og_baerbuske_i_store_kasser_i_de_fire_garde_i_Mjoelnerparken.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Janni_Milsted_fra_Mjoelnerparken_i_Koebenhavn_viser_et_projekt_frem%2C_hvor_beboerne_har_vaeret_med_til_at_plante_krydderurter_og_baerbuske_i_store_kasser_i_de_fire_garde_i_Mjoelnerparken.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Janni_Milsted_fra_Mjoelnerparken_i_Koebenhavn_viser_et_projekt_frem%2C_hvor_beboerne_har_vaeret_med_til_at_plante_krydderurter_og_baerbuske_i_store_kasser_i_de_fire_garde_i_Mjoelnerparken.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Janni_Milsted_fra_Mjoelnerparken_i_Koebenhavn_viser_et_projekt_frem,_hvor_beboerne_har_vaeret_med_til_at_plante_krydderurter_og_baerbuske_i_store_kasser_i_de_fire_garde_i_Mjoelnerparken.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Mj%C3%B8lnerparken" title="Mjølnerparken">Mjølnerparken</a> in Copenhagen</div></div></div>
<p>Denmark is the only country to officially use the word 'ghetto' in the 21st century to denote certain residential areas.<sup id="cite_ref-Reuters_231-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters-231">[214]</a></sup> Since 2010, the <a href="/wiki/Danish_Ministry_of_Transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish Ministry of Transport">Danish Ministry of Transport</a>, Building and Housing publishes the <i>ghettolisten</i> (List of ghettos) which in 2018 consists of 25 areas.<sup id="cite_ref-Reuters_231-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters-231">[214]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NPR_232-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR-232">[215]</a></sup> As a result, the term is widely used in the media and common parlance.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_233-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-233">[216]</a></sup> The legal designation is applied to areas based on the residents' income levels, employment status, education levels, criminal convictions and non-Western ethnic background.<sup id="cite_ref-NPR_232-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR-232">[215]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT_233-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-233">[216]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC_234-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-234">[217]</a></sup> In 2017, 8.7% of Denmark's population consisted of non-Western immigrants or their descendants. The population proportion of 'ghetto residents' with non-Western background was 66.5%.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_235-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-235">[218]</a></sup> In 2018, the government has proposed measures to solve the issue of <a href="/wiki/Social_integration" title="Social integration">integration</a> and to rid the country of <a href="/wiki/Parallel_society" title="Parallel society">parallel societies</a> and ghettos by 2030.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_234-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-234">[217]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_235-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-235">[218]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-localDK_236-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-localDK-236">[219]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Time_237-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time-237">[220]</a></sup> The measures focus on physical redevelopment, control over who is allowed to live in these areas, crime abatement and education.<sup id="cite_ref-NPR_232-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR-232">[215]</a></sup> These policies have been criticised for undercutting 'equality before law' and for portraying immigrants, especially Muslim immigrants, in a bad light.<sup id="cite_ref-NPR_232-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR-232">[215]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-238" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-238">[221]</a></sup> While some proposals like restricting 'ghetto children' to their homes after 8 p.m. have been rejected for being too radical, most of the 22 proposals have been agreed upon by a parliamentary majority.<sup id="cite_ref-Reuters_231-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters-231">[214]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT_233-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-233">[216]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Culture">Culture</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Denmark" title="Culture of Denmark">Culture of Denmark</a></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Denmark" title="LGBT rights in Denmark">LGBT rights in Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Faroe_Islands" title="LGBT rights in the Faroe Islands">LGBT rights in the Faroe Islands</a>, and <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Greenland" title="LGBT rights in Greenland">LGBT rights in Greenland</a></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Also related: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Culture of the Faroe Islands">Culture of the Faroe Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Greenland" title="Culture of Greenland">Culture of Greenland</a></div>
<p>Denmark shares strong cultural and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Scandinavia" title="History of Scandinavia">historic</a> ties with its <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavian</a> neighbours <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>. It has historically been one of the most socially progressive cultures in the world. In 1969, Denmark was the first country to legalise <a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">pornography</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-239" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-239">[222]</a></sup> and in 2012, Denmark replaced its "<a href="/wiki/Registered_partnership_in_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Registered partnership in Denmark">registered partnership</a>" laws, which it had been the first country to introduce in 1989,<sup id="cite_ref-240" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-240">[223]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-241" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-241">[224]</a></sup> with <a href="/wiki/Gender-neutral_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender-neutral marriage">gender-neutral marriage</a>, and allowed same-sex marriages to be performed in the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Denmark" title="Church of Denmark">Church of Denmark</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-242" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-242">[225]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-243" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-243">[226]</a></sup> Modesty and <a href="/wiki/Social_equality" title="Social equality">social equality</a> are important parts of Danish culture.<sup id="cite_ref-244" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-244">[227]</a></sup> In a 2016 study comparing empathy scores of 63 countries, Denmark ranked 4th world-wide having the highest empathy among surveyed European countries.<sup id="cite_ref-245" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-245">[228]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Kierkegaard_20090502-DSCF1495.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Kierkegaard_20090502-DSCF1495.jpg/170px-Kierkegaard_20090502-DSCF1495.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Kierkegaard_20090502-DSCF1495.jpg/255px-Kierkegaard_20090502-DSCF1495.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Kierkegaard_20090502-DSCF1495.jpg/340px-Kierkegaard_20090502-DSCF1495.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4256" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Kierkegaard_20090502-DSCF1495.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Statue of <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosopher</a> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Søren Kierkegaard</a></div></div></div>
<p>The astronomical discoveries of <a href="/wiki/Tycho_Brahe" title="Tycho Brahe">Tycho Brahe</a> (1546–1601), <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_A._Colding" title="Ludwig A. Colding">Ludwig A. Colding</a>'s (1815–1888) neglected articulation of the principle of <a href="/wiki/Conservation_of_energy" title="Conservation of energy">conservation of energy</a>, and the contributions to atomic physics of <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a> (1885–1962) indicate the range of Danish scientific achievement. The fairy tales of <a href="/wiki/Hans_Christian_Andersen" title="Hans Christian Andersen">Hans Christian Andersen</a> (1805–1875), the philosophical essays of <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Søren Kierkegaard</a> (1813–1855), the short stories of <a href="/wiki/Karen_Blixen" title="Karen Blixen">Karen Blixen</a> (penname <a href="/wiki/Isak_Dinesen" class="mw-redirect" title="Isak Dinesen">Isak Dinesen</a>), (1885–1962), the plays of <a href="/wiki/Ludvig_Holberg" title="Ludvig Holberg">Ludvig Holberg</a> (1684–1754), and the dense, aphoristic poetry of <a href="/wiki/Piet_Hein_(scientist)" title="Piet Hein (scientist)">Piet Hein</a> (1905–1996), have earned international recognition, as have the symphonies of <a href="/wiki/Carl_Nielsen" title="Carl Nielsen">Carl Nielsen</a> (1865–1931). From the mid-1990s, Danish films have attracted international attention, especially those associated with <a href="/wiki/Dogme_95" title="Dogme 95">Dogme 95</a> like those of <a href="/wiki/Lars_von_Trier" title="Lars von Trier">Lars von Trier</a>.
</p><p>A major feature of Danish culture is <a href="/wiki/Jul_(Denmark)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jul (Denmark)">Jul</a> (Danish <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a>). The holiday is celebrated throughout December, starting either at the beginning of Advent or on 1 December with a variety of traditions, culminating with the Christmas Eve meal.
</p><p>There are seven heritage sites inscribed on the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Northern_Europe" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Northern Europe">World Heritage list in Northern Europe</a>: <a href="/wiki/Christiansfeld" title="Christiansfeld">Christiansfeld</a>, a Moravian Church Settlement, the <a href="/wiki/Jelling_stones" title="Jelling stones">Jelling Mounds (Runic Stones and Church)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kronborg_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Kronborg Castle">Kronborg Castle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roskilde_Cathedral" title="Roskilde Cathedral">Roskilde Cathedral</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Par_force_hunting_landscape_in_North_Zealand" title="Par force hunting landscape in North Zealand">The par force hunting landscape in North Zealand</a> and 3 in the <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_North_America" title="List of World Heritage Sites in North America">World Heritage list in North America</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ilulissat_Icefjord" title="Ilulissat Icefjord">Ilulissat Icefjord</a>, Aasivissuit — <a href="/wiki/Nipisat_Island" title="Nipisat Island">Nipisat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kujataa" title="Kujataa">Kujataa</a> within the Kingdom of Denmark.<sup id="cite_ref-246" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-246">[229]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Human_rights">Human rights</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Human rights">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Denmark" title="Human rights in Denmark">Human rights in Denmark</a></div>
<p>Denmark has been considered a progressive country, which has adopted legislation and policies to support women's rights, minority rights, and <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Denmark" title="LGBT rights in Denmark">LGBT rights</a>. Human rights in Denmark are protected by the state's Constitution of the <a href="/wiki/Realm_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Realm of Denmark">Realm</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Denmark" title="Constitution of Denmark">Danmarks Riges Grundlov</a>)</i>; applying equally in Denmark proper, <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a>, and through the <a href="/wiki/Ratification" title="Ratification">ratification</a> of international human rights treaties.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_247-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-247">[230]</a></sup> Denmark has held a significant role in the adoption of both the <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">European Convention on Human Rights</a> and in the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a> (ECHR). In 1987, the <a href="/wiki/Folketing" title="Folketing">Kingdom Parliament</a> (<i>Folketinget</i>) established a national human rights institution, the Danish Centre of Human Rights, now the <a href="/wiki/Danish_Institute_for_Human_Rights" title="Danish Institute for Human Rights">Danish Institute for Human Rights</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_247-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-247">[230]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2009, a referendum on changing the Danish Act of Succession were held to grant <a href="/wiki/Absolute_primogeniture" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute primogeniture">absolute primogeniture</a> to the Danish throne, meaning that the eldest child, regardless of gender, takes precedence in the line of succession. As it was not retroactive, the current successor to the throne is the eldest son of the King, rather than his eldest child. The Danish constitution Article 2 states that "The monarchy is inherited by men and women".<sup id="cite_ref-248" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-248">[231]</a></sup>
</p><p>The Inuit have for decades been the subject of discrimination and abuse by the dominant colonisers from <a href="/wiki/Danish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Danish colonization of the Americas">Europe</a>, those countries claiming possession of Inuit lands. The Inuit have never been a single community in a single region of <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-249" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-249">[232]</a></sup> From the 18th century up to the 1970s, the Danish government (Dano-Norwegian until 1814) have through time tried to assimilate the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous people">indigenous people</a> of Greenland, the <a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_Inuit" title="Greenlandic Inuit">Greenlandic Inuit</a>, encouraging them to adopt the majority language, culture and religion. Denmark has been greatly criticised by the Greenlandic community for the politics of <i>Danization</i> (50's and 60's) of and discrimination against the indigenous population of the country. Critical treatment paying non-Inuit workers higher wages than the local people, the relocation of entire families from their traditional lands into settlements, and separating children from their parents and sending them away to Denmark for schooling has been practised.<sup id="cite_ref-250" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-250">[233]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-251" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-251">[234]</a></sup> Nevertheless, Denmark ratified, in 1996, to recognise the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_and_Tribal_Peoples_Convention,_1989" title="Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989">ILO-convention 169</a> on <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous people">indigenous people</a> recommended by the UN.
</p><p>In regard to LGBT rights, Denmark was the first country in the world to grant legal recognition to same-sex unions in the form of <a href="/wiki/Civil_union" title="Civil union">registered partnerships</a> in 1989. On 7 June 2012, the law was replaced by a new <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Denmark" title="Same-sex marriage in Denmark">same-sex marriage law</a>, which came into effect on 15 June 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-cphpost_252-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cphpost-252">[235]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a> legalised same-sex marriage in April 2016,<sup id="cite_ref-Marriage_Greenland_253-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marriage_Greenland-253">[236]</a></sup> and in July 2017 respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-PNews2017_254-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PNews2017-254">[237]</a></sup> In January 2016, a resolution was implemented by the <a href="/wiki/Folketing" title="Folketing">Danish parliament</a> which prevented <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a> being classified as a <a href="/wiki/Mental_disorder" title="Mental disorder">mental health condition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_235-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-235">[218]</a></sup> In doing so, Denmark became the first country in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> to go against the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organisation (WHO)</a> standards, which classified transgender identity as being a mental health issue until June 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-255" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-255">[238]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-256" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-256">[239]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Media">Media</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Denmark" title="Cinema of Denmark">Cinema of Denmark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Television_in_Denmark" title="Television in Denmark">Television in Denmark</a></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Cinema of the Faroe Islands">Cinema of the Faroe Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Television_in_Greenland" class="mw-redirect" title="Television in Greenland">Television in Greenland</a></div>
<p>Danish <a href="/wiki/Mass_media" title="Mass media">mass media</a> date back to the 1540s, when handwritten fly sheets reported on the news. In 1666, <a href="/wiki/Anders_Bording" title="Anders Bording">Anders Bording</a>, the father of Danish journalism, began a <a href="/wiki/State_media" title="State media">state paper</a>. In 1834, the first liberal, factual newspaper appeared, and the 1849 Constitution established lasting <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press_in_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of the press in Denmark">freedom of the press in Denmark</a>. Newspapers flourished in the second half of the 19th century, usually tied to one or another political party or trade union. Modernisation, bringing in new features and mechanical techniques, appeared after 1900. The total circulation was 500,000 daily in 1901, more than doubling to 1.2 million in 1925.<sup id="cite_ref-media1_257-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-media1-257">[240]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="German occupation of Denmark">German occupation</a> during World War II brought informal censorship; some offending newspaper buildings were simply blown up by the Nazis. During the war, the underground produced 550 newspapers—small, surreptitiously printed sheets that encouraged sabotage and resistance.<sup id="cite_ref-media1_257-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-media1-257">[240]</a></sup>
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<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Lars_von_Trier_2014_(cropped).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Lars_von_Trier_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Lars_von_Trier_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="236" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Lars_von_Trier_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Lars_von_Trier_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Lars_von_Trier_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Lars_von_Trier_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="902" data-file-height="1252" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Lars_von_Trier_2014_(cropped).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Director <a href="/wiki/Lars_von_Trier" title="Lars von Trier">Lars von Trier</a>, who co-created the Dogme film movement</div></div></div>
<p>Danish cinema dates back to 1897 and since the 1980s has maintained a steady stream of productions due largely to funding by the state-supported <a href="/wiki/Danish_Film_Institute" title="Danish Film Institute">Danish Film Institute</a>. There have been three big internationally important waves of Danish cinema: erotic melodrama of the <a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">silent era</a>; the increasingly explicit sex films of the 1960s and 1970s; and lastly, the <a href="/wiki/Dogme_95" title="Dogme 95">Dogme 95</a> movement of the late 1990s, where directors often used hand-held cameras to dynamic effect in a conscious reaction against big-budget studios. Danish films have been noted for their realism, religious and moral themes, sexual frankness and technical innovation. The Danish filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Carl_Theodor_Dreyer" title="Carl Theodor Dreyer">Carl Th. Dreyer</a> (1889–1968) is considered one of the greatest directors of <a href="/wiki/Early_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Early cinema">early cinema</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-258" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-258">[241]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_259-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-259">[242]</a></sup>
</p><p>Other Danish filmmakers of note include <a href="/wiki/Erik_Balling" title="Erik Balling">Erik Balling</a>, the creator of the popular <i><a href="/wiki/Olsen-banden" class="mw-redirect" title="Olsen-banden">Olsen-banden</a></i> films; <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Axel" title="Gabriel Axel">Gabriel Axel</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Oscar</a>-winner for <i><a href="/wiki/Babette%27s_Feast" title="Babette's Feast">Babette's Feast</a></i> in 1987; and <a href="/wiki/Bille_August" title="Bille August">Bille August</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Oscar</a>-, <a href="/wiki/Palme_d%27Or" title="Palme d'Or">Palme d'Or</a>- and <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award">Golden Globe</a>-winner for <i><a href="/wiki/Pelle_the_Conqueror" title="Pelle the Conqueror">Pelle the Conqueror</a></i> in 1988. In the modern era, notable filmmakers in Denmark include <a href="/wiki/Lars_von_Trier" title="Lars von Trier">Lars von Trier</a>, who co-created the Dogme movement, and multiple award-winners <a href="/wiki/Susanne_Bier" title="Susanne Bier">Susanne Bier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Winding_Refn" title="Nicolas Winding Refn">Nicolas Winding Refn</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mads_Mikkelsen" title="Mads Mikkelsen">Mads Mikkelsen</a> is a world-renowned Danish actor, having starred in films such as <i><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur_(2004_film)" title="King Arthur (2004 film)">King Arthur</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Casino_Royale_(2006_film)" title="Casino Royale (2006 film)">Casino Royale</a></i>, the Danish film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hunt_(2012_film)" title="The Hunt (2012 film)">The Hunt</a></i>, and the American TV series <i><a href="/wiki/Hannibal_(TV_series)" title="Hannibal (TV series)">Hannibal</a></i>. Another renowned Danish actor <a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_Coster-Waldau" title="Nikolaj Coster-Waldau">Nikolaj Coster-Waldau</a> is internationally known for playing the role of <a href="/wiki/Jaime_Lannister" title="Jaime Lannister">Jaime Lannister</a> in the HBO series <i><a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones" title="Game of Thrones">Game of Thrones</a></i>.
</p><p>Danish mass media and news programming are dominated by a few large corporations. In printed media <a href="/wiki/JP/Politikens_Hus" title="JP/Politikens Hus">JP/Politikens Hus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Berlingske_Media" title="Berlingske Media">Berlingske Media</a>, between them, control the largest newspapers <i><a href="/wiki/Politiken" title="Politiken">Politiken</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Berlingske_Tidende" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlingske Tidende">Berlingske Tidende</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Jyllands-Posten" title="Jyllands-Posten">Jyllands-Posten</a></i> and major tabloids <i><a href="/wiki/B.T._(tabloid)" title="B.T. (tabloid)">B.T.</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Ekstra_Bladet" title="Ekstra Bladet">Ekstra Bladet</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Television_in_Denmark" title="Television in Denmark">In television</a>, publicly owned stations <a href="/wiki/DR_(broadcaster)" title="DR (broadcaster)">DR</a> and <a href="/wiki/TV_2_(Denmark)" title="TV 2 (Denmark)">TV 2</a> have large shares of the viewers.<sup id="cite_ref-260" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-260">[243]</a></sup> DR in particular is famous for its high quality TV-series often sold to foreign broadcasters and often with leading female characters like internationally known actresses <a href="/wiki/Sidse_Babett_Knudsen" title="Sidse Babett Knudsen">Sidse Babett Knudsen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sofie_Gr%C3%A5b%C3%B8l" title="Sofie Gråbøl">Sofie Gråbøl</a>. In radio, DR has a near monopoly, currently broadcasting on all four nationally available <a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting" title="FM broadcasting">FM</a> channels, competing only with local stations.<sup id="cite_ref-261" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-261">[244]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Music">Music</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Music">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Denmark" title="Music of Denmark">Music of Denmark</a></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Music of the Faroe Islands">Music of the Faroe Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Greenland" title="Music of Greenland">Music of Greenland</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" class="thumbimage" width="200" style="width:200px;" data-durationhint="26" data-mwtitle="Carl_Nielsen_-_Wind_Quintet_-_3._Praeludium_-_Adagio._Tema_con_variazioni_-_Un_poco_andantino,_Min_Jesus_lad_min_hjerte_få.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Carl_Nielsen_-_Wind_Quintet_-_3._Praeludium_-_Adagio._Tema_con_variazioni_-_Un_poco_andantino%2C_Min_Jesus_lad_min_hjerte_f%C3%A5.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-title="Original Ogg file (134 kbps)" data-shorttitle="Ogg source" data-width="0" data-height="0" data-bandwidth="134424" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/Carl_Nielsen_-_Wind_Quintet_-_3._Praeludium_-_Adagio._Tema_con_variazioni_-_Un_poco_andantino%2C_Min_Jesus_lad_min_hjerte_f%C3%A5.ogg/Carl_Nielsen_-_Wind_Quintet_-_3._Praeludium_-_Adagio._Tema_con_variazioni_-_Un_poco_andantino%2C_Min_Jesus_lad_min_hjerte_f%C3%A5.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-title="MP3" data-shorttitle="MP3" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" data-bandwidth="178408" /></audio> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Carl_Nielsen_-_Wind_Quintet_-_3._Praeludium_-_Adagio._Tema_con_variazioni_-_Un_poco_andantino,_Min_Jesus_lad_min_hjerte_f%C3%A5.ogg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A sample from <a href="/wiki/Carl_Nielsen" title="Carl Nielsen">Carl Nielsen</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Wind_Quintet_(Nielsen)" title="Wind Quintet (Nielsen)">Wind Quintet</a> with the theme from <i>Min Jesus, lad mit hjerte få</i></div></div></div>
<p>Denmark and its multiple outlying islands have a <a href="/wiki/Danish_traditional_music" title="Danish traditional music">wide range of folk traditions</a>. The country's most famous classical composer is <a href="/wiki/Carl_Nielsen" title="Carl Nielsen">Carl Nielsen</a> (1865–1931), especially remembered for his six symphonies and his <a href="/wiki/Wind_Quintet_(Nielsen)" title="Wind Quintet (Nielsen)">Wind Quintet</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Danish_Ballet" title="Royal Danish Ballet">Royal Danish Ballet</a> specialises in the work of the Danish choreographer <a href="/wiki/August_Bournonville" title="August Bournonville">August Bournonville</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Danish_Orchestra" title="Royal Danish Orchestra">Royal Danish Orchestra</a> is among the world's oldest orchestras.<sup id="cite_ref-262" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-262">[245]</a></sup> Danes have distinguished themselves as <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> musicians, and the <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_Jazz_Festival" title="Copenhagen Jazz Festival">Copenhagen Jazz Festival</a> has acquired international recognition.
</p><p>The modern <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop</a> and rock scene has produced a few names of international fame, including <a href="/wiki/Aqua_(band)" title="Aqua (band)">Aqua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alphabeat" title="Alphabeat">Alphabeat</a>, <a href="/wiki/D-A-D" class="mw-redirect" title="D-A-D">D-A-D</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_Diamond" title="King Diamond">King Diamond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kashmir_(band)" title="Kashmir (band)">Kashmir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lukas_Graham" title="Lukas Graham">Lukas Graham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mew_(band)" title="Mew (band)">Mew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Learns_to_Rock" title="Michael Learns to Rock">Michael Learns to Rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%98" title="MØ">MØ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oh_Land" title="Oh Land">Oh Land</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Raveonettes" title="The Raveonettes">The Raveonettes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volbeat" title="Volbeat">Volbeat</a>, among <a href="/wiki/List_of_Danish_bands" title="List of Danish bands">others</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lars_Ulrich" title="Lars Ulrich">Lars Ulrich</a>, the drummer of the band <a href="/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica">Metallica</a>, has become the first Danish musician to be inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a>.
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Roskilde_Festival" title="Roskilde Festival">Roskilde Festival</a> near Copenhagen is the largest music festival in Northern Europe since 1971 and Denmark has many <a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Denmark" title="List of festivals in Denmark">recurring music festivals</a> of all genres throughout, including <a href="/wiki/Aarhus_International_Jazz_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Aarhus International Jazz Festival">Aarhus International Jazz Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skanderborg_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Skanderborg Festival">Skanderborg Festival</a>, The Blue Festival in Aalborg, Esbjerg International Chamber Music Festival and <a href="/wiki/Skagen_Festival" title="Skagen Festival">Skagen Festival</a> among many others.<sup id="cite_ref-263" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-263">[246]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-264" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-264">[247]</a></sup>
</p><p>Denmark has participated in the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest">Eurovision Song Contest</a> since 1957 and has won the contest three times, in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1963" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1963">1963</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2000" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2000">2000</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2013" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2013">2013</a>.
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Architecture_and_design">Architecture and design</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Architecture and design">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Denmark" title="Architecture of Denmark">Architecture of Denmark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Danish_design" title="Danish design">Danish design</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Pv_jensen-klint_05_grundtvig_memorial_church_1913-1940.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Pv_jensen-klint_05_grundtvig_memorial_church_1913-1940.jpg/170px-Pv_jensen-klint_05_grundtvig_memorial_church_1913-1940.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="268" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Pv_jensen-klint_05_grundtvig_memorial_church_1913-1940.jpg/255px-Pv_jensen-klint_05_grundtvig_memorial_church_1913-1940.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Pv_jensen-klint_05_grundtvig_memorial_church_1913-1940.jpg/340px-Pv_jensen-klint_05_grundtvig_memorial_church_1913-1940.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2349" data-file-height="3700" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Pv_jensen-klint_05_grundtvig_memorial_church_1913-1940.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Grundtvig%27s_Church" title="Grundtvig's Church">Grundtvig's Church</a> in Copenhagen, an example of expressionist architecture</div></div></div>
<p>Denmark's architecture became firmly established in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> when first <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanesque style">Romanesque</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Gothic_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic style">Gothic</a> churches and cathedrals sprang up throughout the country. From the 16th century, Dutch and Flemish designers were brought to Denmark, initially to improve the country's fortifications, but increasingly to build magnificent royal castles and palaces in the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_architecture" title="Renaissance architecture">Renaissance</a> style.
During the 17th century, many impressive buildings were built in the <a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">Baroque</a> style, both in the capital and the provinces. <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassicism</a> from France was slowly adopted by native Danish architects who increasingly participated in defining architectural style. A productive period of <a href="/wiki/Historicism_(art)" title="Historicism (art)">Historicism</a> ultimately merged into the 19th-century <a href="/wiki/National_Romantic_style" title="National Romantic style">National Romantic style</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-265" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-265">[248]</a></sup>
</p><p>The 20th century brought along new architectural styles; including <a href="/wiki/Expressionist_architecture" title="Expressionist architecture">expressionism</a>, best exemplified by the designs of architect <a href="/wiki/Peder_Vilhelm_Jensen-Klint" title="Peder Vilhelm Jensen-Klint">Peder Vilhelm Jensen-Klint</a>, which relied heavily on Scandinavian brick Gothic traditions; and <a href="/wiki/Nordic_Classicism" title="Nordic Classicism">Nordic Classicism</a>, which enjoyed brief popularity in the early decades of the century. It was in the 1960s that Danish architects such as <a href="/wiki/Arne_Jacobsen" title="Arne Jacobsen">Arne Jacobsen</a> entered the world scene with their highly successful <a href="/wiki/Danish_Functionalist_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish Functionalist style">Functionalist architecture</a>. This, in turn, has evolved into more recent world-class masterpieces including <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rn_Utzon" title="Jørn Utzon">Jørn Utzon</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Opera_House" title="Sydney Opera House">Sydney Opera House</a> and <a href="/wiki/Johan_Otto_von_Spreckelsen" title="Johan Otto von Spreckelsen">Johan Otto von Spreckelsen</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Grande_Arche" title="Grande Arche">Grande Arche</a> de la Défense in Paris, paving the way for a number of contemporary Danish designers such as <a href="/wiki/Bjarke_Ingels" title="Bjarke Ingels">Bjarke Ingels</a> to be rewarded for excellence both at home and abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-266" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-266">[249]</a></sup>
</p><p>Danish design is a term often used to describe a style of <a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(architecture)" title="Functionalism (architecture)">functionalistic</a> design and architecture that was developed in the mid-20th century, originating in Denmark. Danish design is typically applied to industrial design, furniture and household objects, which have won many international awards. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Copenhagen" title="Royal Copenhagen">Royal Porcelain Factory</a> is famous for the quality of its ceramics and export products worldwide. Danish design is also a well-known brand, often associated with world-famous, 20th-century designers and architects such as <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B8rge_Mogensen" title="Børge Mogensen">Børge Mogensen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finn_Juhl" title="Finn Juhl">Finn Juhl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Wegner" title="Hans Wegner">Hans Wegner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arne_Jacobsen" title="Arne Jacobsen">Arne Jacobsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poul_Henningsen" title="Poul Henningsen">Poul Henningsen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Verner_Panton" title="Verner Panton">Verner Panton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-267" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-267">[250]</a></sup> Other designers of note include <a href="/wiki/Kristian_Solmer_Vedel" title="Kristian Solmer Vedel">Kristian Solmer Vedel</a> (1923–2003) in the area of industrial design, <a href="/wiki/Jens_Quistgaard" title="Jens Quistgaard">Jens Quistgaard</a> (1919–2008) for kitchen furniture and implements and <a href="/wiki/Ole_Wanscher" title="Ole Wanscher">Ole Wanscher</a> (1903–1985) who had a classical approach to furniture design.
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Literature_and_philosophy">Literature and philosophy</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Literature and philosophy">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Danish_literature" title="Danish literature">Danish literature</a> and <a href="/wiki/Danish_philosophy" title="Danish philosophy">Danish philosophy</a></div>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/wiki/File:C.A._Jensen_1836_-_HC_Andersen.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/C.A._Jensen_1836_-_HC_Andersen.jpg/170px-C.A._Jensen_1836_-_HC_Andersen.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="229" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/C.A._Jensen_1836_-_HC_Andersen.jpg/255px-C.A._Jensen_1836_-_HC_Andersen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/C.A._Jensen_1836_-_HC_Andersen.jpg/340px-C.A._Jensen_1836_-_HC_Andersen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="594" data-file-height="800" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Constantin_Hansen_1836_-_HC_Andersen.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A portrait of <a href="/wiki/Hans_Christian_Andersen" title="Hans Christian Andersen">Hans Christian Andersen</a> (1836), by <a href="/wiki/Christian_Albrecht_Jensen" title="Christian Albrecht Jensen">Christian Albrecht Jensen</a></div></div></div>
<p>The first known Danish literature is myths and <a href="/wiki/Danish_folklore" title="Danish folklore">folklore</a> from the 10th and 11th century. <a href="/wiki/Saxo_Grammaticus" title="Saxo Grammaticus">Saxo Grammaticus</a>, normally considered the first Danish writer, worked for bishop <a href="/wiki/Absalon" title="Absalon">Absalon</a> on a chronicle of <a href="/wiki/History_of_Denmark" title="History of Denmark">Danish history</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Gesta_Danorum" title="Gesta Danorum">Gesta Danorum</a></i>). Very little is known of other Danish literature from the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>. With the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a> came <a href="/wiki/Ludvig_Holberg" title="Ludvig Holberg">Ludvig Holberg</a> whose comedy plays are still being performed.
</p><p>In the late 19th century, literature was seen as a way to influence society. Known as the <a href="/wiki/Modern_Breakthrough" title="Modern Breakthrough">Modern Breakthrough</a>, this movement was championed by <a href="/wiki/Georg_Brandes" title="Georg Brandes">Georg Brandes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Pontoppidan" title="Henrik Pontoppidan">Henrik Pontoppidan</a> (awarded the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Jens_Peter_Jacobsen" title="Jens Peter Jacobsen">J. P. Jacobsen</a>. <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a> influenced the renowned writer and poet <a href="/wiki/Hans_Christian_Andersen" title="Hans Christian Andersen">Hans Christian Andersen</a>, known for his stories and <a href="/wiki/Fairy_tale" title="Fairy tale">fairy tales</a>, e.g. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Ugly_Duckling" title="The Ugly Duckling">The Ugly Duckling</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Little_Mermaid" title="The Little Mermaid">The Little Mermaid</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Snow_Queen" title="The Snow Queen">The Snow Queen</a></i>. In recent history <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Vilhelm_Jensen" class="mw-redirect" title="Johannes Vilhelm Jensen">Johannes Vilhelm Jensen</a> was also awarded the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_for_Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Prize for Literature">Nobel Prize for Literature</a>. <a href="/wiki/Karen_Blixen" title="Karen Blixen">Karen Blixen</a> is famous for her novels and short stories. Other Danish writers of importance are <a href="/wiki/Herman_Bang" title="Herman Bang">Herman Bang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Wied" title="Gustav Wied">Gustav Wied</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Heinesen" title="William Heinesen">William Heinesen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Andersen_Nex%C3%B8" title="Martin Andersen Nexø">Martin Andersen Nexø</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piet_Hein_(Denmark)" class="mw-redirect" title="Piet Hein (Denmark)">Piet Hein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Scherfig" title="Hans Scherfig">Hans Scherfig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Rifbjerg" title="Klaus Rifbjerg">Klaus Rifbjerg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dan_Tur%C3%A8ll" title="Dan Turèll">Dan Turèll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tove_Ditlevsen" title="Tove Ditlevsen">Tove Ditlevsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inger_Christensen" title="Inger Christensen">Inger Christensen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_H%C3%B8eg" title="Peter Høeg">Peter Høeg</a>.
</p><p>Danish philosophy has a long tradition as part of <a href="/wiki/Western_philosophy" title="Western philosophy">Western philosophy</a>. Perhaps the most influential Danish philosopher was <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Søren Kierkegaard</a>, the creator of <a href="/wiki/Christian_existentialism" title="Christian existentialism">Christian existentialism</a>. Kierkegaard had a few Danish followers, including <a href="/wiki/Harald_H%C3%B8ffding" title="Harald Høffding">Harald Høffding</a>, who later in his life moved on to join the movement of <a href="/wiki/Positivism" title="Positivism">positivism</a>. Among Kierkegaard's other followers include <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a> who was impressed with Kierkegaard's views on the individual, and <a href="/wiki/Rollo_May" title="Rollo May">Rollo May</a>, who helped create <a href="/wiki/Humanistic_psychology" title="Humanistic psychology">humanistic psychology</a>. Another Danish philosopher of note is <a href="/wiki/N._F._S._Grundtvig" title="N. F. S. Grundtvig">Grundtvig</a>, whose philosophy gave rise to a new form of non-aggressive nationalism in Denmark, and who is also influential for his theological and historical works.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Painting_and_photography">Painting and photography</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Painting and photography">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Danish_art" title="Danish art">Danish art</a> and <a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Denmark" title="Photography in Denmark">Photography in Denmark</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/wiki/File:C_W_Eckersberg_1841_-_Kvinde_foran_et_spejl.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/C_W_Eckersberg_1841_-_Kvinde_foran_et_spejl.jpg/170px-C_W_Eckersberg_1841_-_Kvinde_foran_et_spejl.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/C_W_Eckersberg_1841_-_Kvinde_foran_et_spejl.jpg/255px-C_W_Eckersberg_1841_-_Kvinde_foran_et_spejl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/C_W_Eckersberg_1841_-_Kvinde_foran_et_spejl.jpg/340px-C_W_Eckersberg_1841_-_Kvinde_foran_et_spejl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2449" data-file-height="3167" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:C_W_Eckersberg_1841_-_Kvinde_foran_et_spejl.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><i>Woman in Front of a Mirror</i>, (1841), by <a href="/wiki/Christoffer_Wilhelm_Eckersberg" title="Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg">Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg</a></div></div></div>
<p>While Danish art was influenced over the centuries by trends in Germany and the Netherlands, the 15th and 16th century <a href="/wiki/Church_frescos_in_Denmark" title="Church frescos in Denmark">church frescos</a>, which can be seen in many of the country's older churches, are of particular interest as they were painted in a style typical of native Danish painters.<sup id="cite_ref-268" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-268">[251]</a></sup>
</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Danish_Golden_Age" title="Danish Golden Age">Danish Golden Age</a>, which began in the first half of the 19th century, was inspired by a new feeling of nationalism and romanticism, typified in the later previous century by <a href="/wiki/History_painting" title="History painting">history painter</a> <a href="/wiki/Nicolai_Abildgaard" title="Nicolai Abildgaard">Nicolai Abildgaard</a>. <a href="/wiki/Christoffer_Wilhelm_Eckersberg" title="Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg">Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg</a> was not only a productive artist in his own right but taught at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Danish_Academy_of_Fine_Arts" title="Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts">Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts</a> where his students included notable painters such as <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Bendz" title="Wilhelm Bendz">Wilhelm Bendz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christen_K%C3%B8bke" title="Christen Købke">Christen Købke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martinus_R%C3%B8rbye" title="Martinus Rørbye">Martinus Rørbye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constantin_Hansen" title="Constantin Hansen">Constantin Hansen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Marstrand" title="Wilhelm Marstrand">Wilhelm Marstrand</a>.
</p><p>In 1871, <a href="/wiki/Holger_Drachmann" title="Holger Drachmann">Holger Drachmann</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karl_Madsen" title="Karl Madsen">Karl Madsen</a> visited <a href="/wiki/Skagen" title="Skagen">Skagen</a> in the far north of <a href="/wiki/Jutland" title="Jutland">Jutland</a> where they quickly built up one of Scandinavia's most successful <a href="/wiki/Skagen_Painters" title="Skagen Painters">artists' colonies</a> specialising in <a href="/wiki/Naturalism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalism (arts)">Naturalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Realism_(arts)" title="Realism (arts)">Realism</a> rather than in the traditional approach favoured by the academy. Hosted by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Ancher" title="Michael Ancher">Michael</a> and his wife <a href="/wiki/Anna_Ancher" title="Anna Ancher">Anna</a>, they were soon joined by <a href="/wiki/P.S._Kr%C3%B8yer" class="mw-redirect" title="P.S. Krøyer">P.S. Krøyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Locher" title="Carl Locher">Carl Locher</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laurits_Tuxen" title="Laurits Tuxen">Laurits Tuxen</a>. All participated in painting the natural surroundings and local people.<sup id="cite_ref-269" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-269">[252]</a></sup> Similar trends developed on Funen with the <i><a href="/wiki/Fynboerne" class="mw-redirect" title="Fynboerne">Fynboerne</a></i> who included <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Larsen" title="Johannes Larsen">Johannes Larsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Syberg" title="Fritz Syberg">Fritz Syberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hansen_(painter)" title="Peter Hansen (painter)">Peter Hansen</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Funish_270-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Funish-270">[253]</a></sup> and on the island of Bornholm with the <a href="/wiki/Bornholm_school_of_painters" title="Bornholm school of painters">Bornholm school of painters</a> including <a href="/wiki/Niels_Lergaard" title="Niels Lergaard">Niels Lergaard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%A6sten_Iversen" title="Kræsten Iversen">Kræsten Iversen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oluf_H%C3%B8st" title="Oluf Høst">Oluf Høst</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-271" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-271">[254]</a></sup>
</p><p>Painting has continued to be a prominent form of artistic expression in Danish culture, inspired by and also influencing major international trends in this area. These include <a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">impressionism</a> and the modernist styles of <a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">expressionism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abstract_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Abstract painting">abstract painting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">surrealism</a>. While international co-operation and activity has almost always been essential to the Danish artistic community, influential art collectives with a firm Danish base includes <a href="/wiki/De_Tretten" title="De Tretten">De Tretten</a> (1909–1912), <a href="/wiki/Linien" title="Linien">Linien</a> (1930s and 1940s), <a href="/wiki/COBRA_(avant-garde_movement)" class="mw-redirect" title="COBRA (avant-garde movement)">COBRA</a> (1948–1951), <a href="/wiki/Fluxus" title="Fluxus">Fluxus</a> (1960s and 1970s), <a href="/wiki/Junge_Wilde" title="Junge Wilde">De Unge Vilde</a> (1980s) and more recently <a href="/wiki/Superflex" title="Superflex">Superflex</a> (founded in 1993). Most Danish painters of modern times have also been very active with other forms of artistic expressions, such as sculpting, ceramics, art installations, activism, film and experimental architecture. Notable Danish painters from modern times representing various <a href="/wiki/Art_movements" class="mw-redirect" title="Art movements">art movements</a> include <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Philipsen" title="Theodor Philipsen">Theodor Philipsen</a> (1840–1920, impressionism and naturalism), <a href="/wiki/Anna_Klindt_S%C3%B8rensen" title="Anna Klindt Sørensen">Anna Klindt Sørensen</a> (1899–1985, expressionism), <a href="/wiki/Franciska_Clausen" title="Franciska Clausen">Franciska Clausen</a> (1899–1986, Neue Sachlichkeit, cubism, surrealism and others), <a href="/wiki/Henry_Heerup" title="Henry Heerup">Henry Heerup</a> (1907–1993, naivism), <a href="/wiki/Robert_Jacobsen" title="Robert Jacobsen">Robert Jacobsen</a> (1912–1993, abstract painting), <a href="/wiki/Carl_Henning_Pedersen" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Henning Pedersen">Carl Henning Pedersen</a> (1913–2007, abstract painting), <a href="/wiki/Asger_Jorn" title="Asger Jorn">Asger Jorn</a> (1914–1973, Situationist, abstract painting), <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rn_Wiinblad" title="Bjørn Wiinblad">Bjørn Wiinblad</a> (1918–2006, art deco, orientalism), <a href="/wiki/Per_Kirkeby" title="Per Kirkeby">Per Kirkeby</a> (b. 1938, neo-expressionism, abstract painting), <a href="/wiki/Per_Arnoldi" title="Per Arnoldi">Per Arnoldi</a> (b. 1941, pop art), <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kvium" title="Michael Kvium">Michael Kvium</a> (b. 1955, neo-surrealism) and Simone Aaberg Kærn (b. 1969, superrealism).
</p><p>Danish photography has developed from strong participation and interest in the very beginnings of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_photography" title="History of photography">art of photography</a> in 1839 to the success of a considerable number of Danes in the world of photography today. Pioneers such as <a href="/wiki/Mads_Alstrup" title="Mads Alstrup">Mads Alstrup</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georg_Emil_Hansen" title="Georg Emil Hansen">Georg Emil Hansen</a> paved the way for a rapidly growing profession during the last half of the 19th century. Today Danish photographers such as <a href="/wiki/Astrid_Kruse_Jensen" title="Astrid Kruse Jensen">Astrid Kruse Jensen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Aue_Sobol" title="Jacob Aue Sobol">Jacob Aue Sobol</a> are active both at home and abroad, participating in key exhibitions around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-272" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-272">[255]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Cuisine">Cuisine</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Cuisine">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Danish_cuisine" title="Danish cuisine">Danish cuisine</a></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Faroese_cuisine" title="Faroese cuisine">Faroese cuisine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_cuisine" title="Greenlandic cuisine">Greenlandic cuisine</a></div>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sm%C3%B8rrebr%C3%B8d-01.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Sm%C3%B8rrebr%C3%B8d-01.jpg/220px-Sm%C3%B8rrebr%C3%B8d-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Sm%C3%B8rrebr%C3%B8d-01.jpg/330px-Sm%C3%B8rrebr%C3%B8d-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Sm%C3%B8rrebr%C3%B8d-01.jpg/440px-Sm%C3%B8rrebr%C3%B8d-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2176" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Sm%C3%B8rrebr%C3%B8d-01.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><i>Smørrebrød</i>, a variety of Danish open sandwiches piled high with delicacies</div></div></div>
<p>The traditional <a href="/wiki/Cuisine" title="Cuisine">cuisine</a> of Denmark, like that of the other Nordic countries and of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Germany" title="Northern Germany">Northern Germany</a>, consists mainly of meat, fish and potatoes. Danish dishes are highly seasonal, stemming from the country's agricultural past, its geography, and its climate of long, cold winters.
</p><p>The open sandwiches on rye bread, known as <i><a href="/wiki/Sm%C3%B8rrebr%C3%B8d" title="Smørrebrød">smørrebrød</a></i>, which in their basic form are the usual fare for lunch, can be considered a national speciality when prepared and decorated with a variety of fine ingredients. Hot meals traditionally consist of <a href="/wiki/Ground_meat" title="Ground meat">ground meats</a>, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Frikadeller" title="Frikadeller">frikadeller</a></i> (meat balls of veal and pork) and <i>hakkebøf</i> (minced beef patties), or of more substantial meat and fish dishes such as <i><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%A6skesteg" title="Flæskesteg">flæskesteg</a></i> (roast pork with crackling) and <i>kogt torsk</i> (poached cod) with mustard sauce and trimmings. Denmark is known for its <a href="/wiki/Carlsberg_Group" title="Carlsberg Group">Carlsberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tuborg" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuborg">Tuborg</a> beers and for its <a href="/wiki/Akvavit" title="Akvavit">akvavit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bitters" title="Bitters">bitters</a>.
</p><p>Since around 1970, chefs and restaurants across Denmark have introduced <a href="/wiki/Gourmet" title="Gourmet">gourmet</a> cooking, largely influenced by <a href="/wiki/French_cuisine" title="French cuisine">French cuisine</a>. Also inspired by continental practices, Danish chefs have recently developed a new innovative cuisine and a series of gourmet dishes based on high-quality local produce known as <a href="/wiki/New_Danish_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="New Danish cuisine">New Danish cuisine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-273" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-273">[256]</a></sup> As a result of these developments, Denmark now have a considerable number of internationally acclaimed restaurants of which several have been awarded <a href="/wiki/Michelin_Guide" title="Michelin Guide">Michelin stars</a>. This includes <a href="/wiki/Geranium_(restaurant)" title="Geranium (restaurant)">Geranium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Noma_(restaurant)" title="Noma (restaurant)">Noma</a> in Copenhagen.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Sports">Sports</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Denmark" title="Sport in Denmark">Sport in Denmark</a></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Also related: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_the_Faroe_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport in the Faroe Islands">Sport in the Faroe Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Greenland" title="Sport in Greenland">Sport in Greenland</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Laudrup_2016c.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Michael_Laudrup_2016c.jpg/170px-Michael_Laudrup_2016c.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="116" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Michael_Laudrup_2016c.jpg/255px-Michael_Laudrup_2016c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Michael_Laudrup_2016c.jpg/340px-Michael_Laudrup_2016c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4518" data-file-height="3096" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Laudrup_2016c.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Michael_Laudrup" title="Michael Laudrup">Michael Laudrup</a>, named the best Danish football player of all time by the Danish Football Union</div></div></div>
<p>Sports are popular in Denmark, and its citizens participate in and watch a wide variety. The <a href="/wiki/National_sport" title="National sport">national sport</a> is <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a>, with over 320,000 players in more than 1600 <a href="/wiki/Football_club_(association_football)" title="Football club (association football)">clubs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-274" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-274">[257]</a></sup> Denmark qualified six times consecutively for the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_European_Football_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="UEFA European Football Championship">European Championships</a> between 1984 and 2004, and were crowned European champions in <a href="/wiki/1992_UEFA_European_Football_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 UEFA European Football Championship">1992</a>; other significant achievements include winning the Confederations Cup in 1995 and reaching the quarter-final of the 1998 World Cup. Notable Danish footballers include <a href="/wiki/Allan_Simonsen" title="Allan Simonsen">Allan Simonsen</a>, named the best player in Europe in 1977, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Schmeichel" title="Peter Schmeichel">Peter Schmeichel</a>, named the "World's Best Goalkeeper" in 1992 and 1993, and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Laudrup" title="Michael Laudrup">Michael Laudrup</a>, named the best Danish player of all time by the <a href="/wiki/Danish_Football_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish Football Union">Danish Football Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-275" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-275">[258]</a></sup>
</p><p>There is much focus on <a href="/wiki/Handball" title="Handball">handball</a>, too. The <a href="/wiki/Denmark_women%27s_national_handball_team" title="Denmark women's national handball team">women's national team</a> celebrated great successes during the 1990s and has won a total of 13 medals – seven gold (in 1994, 1996 (2), 1997, 2000, 2002 and 2004), four silver (in 1962, 1993, 1998 and 2004) and two bronze (in 1995 and 2013). On the <a href="/wiki/Denmark_men%27s_national_handball_team" title="Denmark men's national handball team">men's side</a>, Denmark has won 12 medals—four gold (in 2008, 2012, 2016 and 2019), four silver (in 1967, 2011, 2013 and 2014) and four bronze (in 2002, 2004, 2006 and 2007)—the most that have been won by any team in <a href="/wiki/European_Men%27s_Handball_Championship" title="European Men's Handball Championship">European Handball Championship</a> history.<sup id="cite_ref-276" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-276">[259]</a></sup> In 2019, the Danish men's national handball team won their first <a href="/wiki/Denmark_men%27s_national_handball_team#2019_World_Championship" title="Denmark men's national handball team">World Championship title</a> in the tournament that was co-hosted between Germany and Denmark.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p>In recent years, Denmark has made a mark as a strong <a href="/wiki/Cycle_sport" title="Cycle sport">cycling</a> nation, with <a href="/wiki/Michael_Rasmussen_(cyclist)" title="Michael Rasmussen (cyclist)">Michael Rasmussen</a> reaching <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Mountains" title="King of the Mountains">King of the Mountains</a> status in the <a href="/wiki/Tour_de_France" title="Tour de France">Tour de France</a> in 2005 and 2006. Other popular sports include golf—which is mostly popular among those in the older demographic;<sup id="cite_ref-277" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-277">[260]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a>—in which Denmark is successful on a professional level; <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a>—Denmark joined the international governing body <a href="/wiki/FIBA" title="FIBA">FIBA</a> in 1951;<sup id="cite_ref-278" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-278">[261]</a></sup> rugby—the <a href="/wiki/Danish_Rugby_Union" title="Danish Rugby Union">Danish Rugby Union</a> dates back to 1950;<sup id="cite_ref-279" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-279">[262]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a>— often competing in the top division in the Men's World Championships; rowing—Denmark specialise in lightweight rowing and are particularly known for their lightweight coxless four, having won six gold and two silver World Championship medals and three gold and two bronze <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic</a> medals; and several indoor sports—especially <a href="/wiki/Badminton" title="Badminton">badminton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Table_tennis" title="Table tennis">table tennis</a> and gymnastics, in each of which Denmark holds World Championships and <a href="/wiki/Denmark_at_the_Olympics" title="Denmark at the Olympics">Olympic medals</a>. Denmark's numerous beaches and resorts are popular locations for fishing, canoeing, kayaking, and many other water-themed sports.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<ul>
<li><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/32px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="noviewer thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/48px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/64px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Denmark" title="Portal:Denmark">Denmark portal</a></span></li>
<li><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="noviewer thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Faroe_Islands" title="Portal:Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands portal</a></span></li></ul></div>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Denmark-related_articles" title="Index of Denmark-related articles">Index of Denmark-related articles</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Denmark" title="Outline of Denmark">Outline of Denmark</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Denmark" title="Religion in Denmark">Religion in Denmark</a></li></ul>
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Guds hjælp, folkets kærlighed, Danmarks styrke" has been adopted by Queen Margrethe II as her Language of Choice (valgsprog).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Kong Christian</i> has equal status as a <a href="/wiki/National_anthem" title="National anthem">national anthem</a> but is generally used only on <a href="/wiki/Honors_music" title="Honors music">royal</a> and military occasions.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[2]</a></sup></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-proper-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-proper_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-proper_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-proper_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Kingdom of Denmark's territory in <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">continental Europe</a> is referred to as "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Metropolitan" class="extiw" title="wikt:Metropolitan">metropolitan</a> Denmark",<sup id="cite_ref-Administrative_divisions_–_Denmark_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Administrative_divisions_–_Denmark-64">[53]</a></sup> "Denmark <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/proper#Adjective" class="extiw" title="wikt:proper">proper</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>: <i lang="da">egentlig Danmark</i>), or simply "Denmark". In this article, usage of "Denmark" excludes Greenland and the Faroe Islands.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">German is recognised as a protected minority language in the South Jutland area of Denmark.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">including <a href="/wiki/Faroese_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Faroese people">Faroese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples" title="Indigenous peoples">indigenous group</a> <a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_Inuit" title="Greenlandic Inuit">Inuit</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Minority_group" title="Minority group">minority group</a> <a href="/wiki/North_Schleswig_Germans" class="mw-redirect" title="North Schleswig Germans">German</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Kingdom has a total population of 5,958,380.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-denonly_group=N-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-denonly_group=N_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-denonly_group=N_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-denonly_group=N_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">This data is for Denmark <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/proper#Adjective" class="extiw" title="wikt:proper">proper</a> only. For data relevant to <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a> see their respective articles.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In the Faroe Islands the currency has a separate design and is known as the <a href="/wiki/Faroese_kr%C3%B3na" title="Faroese króna">króna</a>, but is not a separate currency.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Top-level_domain_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Top-level domain name">top-level domain name</a> <a href="/wiki/.eu" title=".eu">.eu</a> is shared with other <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> countries.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>: <i lang="da">Kongeriget Danmark</i>, <small>pronounced </small><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="da-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Danish" title="Help:IPA/Danish">[ˈkʰɔŋəʁiːð̩ ˈtænmɑk]</a></span> <span class="nowrap" style="font-size:85%">(<span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span style="white-space:nowrap;margin-right:.25em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Kongeriget_Danmark.ogg" title="About this sound"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Kongeriget_Danmark.ogg" class="internal" title="Kongeriget Danmark.ogg">listen</a></span></span>)</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The island of <a href="/wiki/Bornholm" title="Bornholm">Bornholm</a> is offset to the east of the rest of the country, in the Baltic Sea.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Denmark has a <a href="/wiki/Codified_constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Codified constitution">codified constitution</a>. Changes to it require an absolute majority in two consecutive parliamentary terms and the approval of at least 40% of the electorate through a referendum.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94">[83]</a></sup></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Constitution refers to "the King" (<a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>: <i lang="da">kongen</i>), rather than the gender-neutral term "monarch". In light of the restriction of powers of the monarchy, this is best interpreted as referring to the government Cabinet.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Economist_Intelligence_Unit" title="Economist Intelligence Unit">Economist Intelligence Unit</a>, while acknowledging that democracy is difficult to measure, listed Denmark 5th on its <a href="/wiki/Democracy_Index" title="Democracy Index">index of democracy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Democracy_Index_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Democracy_Index-30">[19]</a></sup></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Faroese declined membership in 1973; Greenland <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union" title="Withdrawal from the European Union">chose to leave</a> the EEC in 1985, following <a href="/wiki/1982_Greenlandic_European_Economic_Community_membership_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="1982 Greenlandic European Economic Community membership referendum">a referendum</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As measured in <a href="/wiki/Official_development_assistance" title="Official development assistance">official development assistance</a> (ODA). Denmark, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom
exceeded the United Nations' ODA target of 0.7% of GNI.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-207"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Church of Denmark is the established church (or state religion) in Denmark and Greenland; the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Church of the Faroe Islands">Church of the Faroe Islands</a> became an independent body in 2007.</span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Citations">Citations</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1011085734"/><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kongehuset.dk/en/the-royal-house/regentparret/hm-the-queen">"Royal House"</a>. <i>www.kongehuset.dk</i>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_House_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal House of Denmark">Royal House of Denmark</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151223021154/http://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt/monarchytheroyalcourt/themonarchyinsweden/mottoesofthemonarchs.4.396160511584257f2180004713.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.kongehuset.dk&rft.atitle=Royal+House&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kongehuset.dk%2Fen%2Fthe-royal-house%2Fregentparret%2Fhm-the-queen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://denmark.dk/en/quick-facts/national-anthems/">"Not one but two national anthems"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Denmark)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140515093426/http://denmark.dk/en/quick-facts/national-anthems">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Not+one+but+two+national+anthems&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+Denmark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdenmark.dk%2Fen%2Fquick-facts%2Fnational-anthems%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStoneBainBoothParnell200831-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStoneBainBoothParnell200831_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStoneBainBoothParnell200831_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStoneBainBoothParnell200831_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStoneBainBoothParnell2008">Stone et al. 2008</a>, p. 31.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/denmark/">"Denmark"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a>. 29 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Denmark&rft.date=2010-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fdenmark%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/ltc/1997/97">"Bekendtgørelse af ILO-konvention nr. 169 af 28. juni 1989 vedrørende oprindelige folk og stammefolk i selvstændige stater"</a>. <i>Retsinformation.dk</i>. 9 October 1997.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Retsinformation.dk&rft.atitle=Bekendtg%C3%B8relse+af+ILO-konvention+nr.+169+af+28.+juni+1989+vedr%C3%B8rende+oprindelige+folk+og+stammefolk+i+selvst%C3%A6ndige+stater&rft.date=1997-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.retsinformation.dk%2Feli%2Fltc%2F1997%2F97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://um.dk/da/udenrigspolitik/lande-og-regioner/den-dansk-tyske-mindretalsordning/">"Den dansk-tyske mindretalsordning"</a>. <i>UM.dk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UM.dk&rft.atitle=Den+dansk-tyske+mindretalsordning&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fum.dk%2Fda%2Fudenrigspolitik%2Flande-og-regioner%2Fden-dansk-tyske-mindretalsordning%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.km.dk/folkekirken/kirkestatistik/folkekirkens-medlemstal/">"Folkekirkens medlemstal"</a> (in Danish). Kirkeministeriet<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Folkekirkens+medlemstal&rft.pub=Kirkeministeriet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.km.dk%2Ffolkekirken%2Fkirkestatistik%2Ffolkekirkens-medlemstal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
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<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table?lang=en">"Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey"</a>. <i>ec.europa.eu</i>. <a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190320064533/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=tessi190&plugin=1">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ec.europa.eu&rft.atitle=Gini+coefficient+of+equivalised+disposable+income+%E2%80%93+EU-SILC+survey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdatabrowser%2Fview%2Ftessi190%2Fdefault%2Ftable%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-UNHDR-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNHDR_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf">"Human Development Report 2021/2022"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a>. 8 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2021%2F2022&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.date=2022-09-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fglobal-report-document%2Fhdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-territory-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-territory_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-territory_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">* <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFBenedikter2006" class="citation web cs1">Benedikter, Thomas (19 June 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080309063149/http://www.gfbv.it/3dossier/eu-min/autonomy.html">"The working autonomies in Europe"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Society_for_Threatened_Peoples" title="Society for Threatened Peoples">Society for Threatened Peoples</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gfbv.it/3dossier/eu-min/autonomy.html">the original</a> on 9 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2012</span>. <q>Denmark has established very specific territorial autonomies with its two island territories</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+working+autonomies+in+Europe&rft.pub=Society+for+Threatened+Peoples&rft.date=2006-06-19&rft.aulast=Benedikter&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gfbv.it%2F3dossier%2Feu-min%2Fautonomy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Democracy_Index-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Democracy_Index_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Democracy_Index_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160201164818/http://www.sudestada.com.uy/Content/Articles/421a313a-d58f-462e-9b24-2504a37f6b56/Democracy-index-2014.pdf">"Democracy Index 2014"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Economist/Economist Intelligence Unit. 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sudestada.com.uy/Content/Articles/421a313a-d58f-462e-9b24-2504a37f6b56/Democracy-index-2014.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 1 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Democracy+Index+2014&rft.pub=The+Economist%2FEconomist+Intelligence+Unit&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sudestada.com.uy%2FContent%2FArticles%2F421a313a-d58f-462e-9b24-2504a37f6b56%2FDemocracy-index-2014.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legatum.com/article/Legatum-Prosperity-Index-Global-prosperity-rising-while-US-and-UK-economies-decline">2013 Legatum Prosperity Index™: Global prosperity rising while US and UK economies decline</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Legatum_Institute" title="Legatum Institute">Legatum Institute</a></i>, 29 October 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140806123613/http://www.legatum.com/article/Legatum-Prosperity-Index-Global-prosperity-rising-while-US-and-UK-economies-decline">Archived</a> 6 August 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130328232058/http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/DNK.html">"Denmark Country Profile: Human Development Indicators"</a>. United Nations Development Programme. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/DNK.html">the original</a> on 28 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Denmark+Country+Profile%3A+Human+Development+Indicators&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdrstats.undp.org%2Fen%2Fcountries%2Fprofiles%2FDNK.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kristian Andersen Nyrup, Middelalderstudier <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyrups.dk/Historie/MiddelalderIndex.htm">Bog IX. Kong Gorms Saga</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100109141345/http://www.nyrups.dk/Historie/MiddelalderIndex.htm">Archived</a> 9 January 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Indvandrerne i Danmarks historie</i>, Bent Østergaard, Syddansk Universitetsforlag 2007, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-7674-204-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-7674-204-1">978-87-7674-204-1</a>, pp. 19–24</span>
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<li id="cite_note-et1-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-et1_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-et1_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jan_de_Vries_(philologist)" title="Jan de Vries (philologist)">J. de Vries</a>, <i>Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch</i>, 1962, 73; <a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niels_%C3%85ge_Nielsen" class="extiw" title="da:Niels Åge Nielsen">N. Å. Nielsen</a>, <i>Dansk etymologisk ordbog</i>, 1989, 85–96.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Navneforskning, Københavns Universitet<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060716144406/http://navneforskning.ku.dk/stednavne.doc/betydninger.doc">"Udvalgte stednavnes betydning"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://navneforskning.ku.dk/stednavne.doc/betydninger.doc">the original</a> on 16 July 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Udvalgte+stednavnes+betydning&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnavneforskning.ku.dk%2Fstednavne.doc%2Fbetydninger.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFO'Donoghue2008" class="citation book cs1">O'Donoghue, Heather (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lY-g2MTFh9gC&pg=PT27"><i>Old Norse-Icelandic Literature: A Short Introduction</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-77683-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-77683-4"><bdi>978-0-470-77683-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160412172508/https://books.google.com/books?id=lY-g2MTFh9gC&pg=PT27">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Old+Norse-Icelandic+Literature%3A+A+Short+Introduction&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-470-77683-4&rft.aulast=O%27Donoghue&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlY-g2MTFh9gC%26pg%3DPT27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michaelsen (2002), p. 19.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-foreign_ministry-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-foreign_ministry_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-foreign_ministry_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFNielsen2003" class="citation web cs1">Nielsen, Poul Otto (May 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051122020555/http://www.um.dk/Publikationer/UM/English/Denmark/kap6/6-1.asp">"Denmark: History, Prehistory"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Denmark)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.um.dk/Publikationer/UM/English/Denmark/kap6/6-1.asp">the original</a> on 22 November 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Denmark%3A+History%2C+Prehistory&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+Denmark&rft.date=2003-05&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Poul+Otto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.um.dk%2FPublikationer%2FUM%2FEnglish%2FDenmark%2Fkap6%2F6-1.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Busck and Poulsen (ed.) (2002), p. 20.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFJordanes1997" class="citation web cs1">Jordanes (22 April 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~vandersp/Courses/texts/jordgeti.html#III">"The Origin and Deeds of the Goths, chapter III"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Charles_C._Mierow" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles C. Mierow">Charles C. Mierow</a> (trans.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060424044148/http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~vandersp/Courses/texts/jordgeti.html#III">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Origin+and+Deeds+of+the+Goths%2C+chapter+III&rft.date=1997-04-22&rft.au=Jordanes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.acs.ucalgary.ca%2F~vandersp%2FCourses%2Ftexts%2Fjordgeti.html%23III&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Busck and Poulsen (ed.) (2002), p. 19.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-danevirke-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-danevirke_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michaelsen (2002), pp. 122–23.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-Lund-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lund_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lund_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">*<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFLund2003" class="citation web cs1">Lund, Niels (May 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060510174200/http://www.um.dk/Publikationer/UM/English/Denmark/kap6/6-2.asp">"Denmark – History – The Viking Age"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Denmark)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.um.dk/Publikationer/UM/English/Denmark/kap6/6-2.asp">the original</a> on 10 May 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Denmark+%E2%80%93+History+%E2%80%93+The+Viking+Age&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+Denmark&rft.date=2003-05&rft.aulast=Lund&rft.aufirst=Niels&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.um.dk%2FPublikationer%2FUM%2FEnglish%2FDenmark%2Fkap6%2F6-2.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFBerend2007" class="citation book cs1">Berend, Nora (22 November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UmFrVUb5DSwC&pg=PA76"><i>Christianization and the Rise of Christian Monarchy: Scandinavia, Central Europe and Rus' c.900–1200</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-46836-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-46836-7"><bdi>978-1-139-46836-7</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christianization+and+the+Rise+of+Christian+Monarchy%3A+Scandinavia%2C+Central+Europe+and+Rus%27+c.900%E2%80%931200&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007-11-22&rft.isbn=978-1-139-46836-7&rft.aulast=Berend&rft.aufirst=Nora&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUmFrVUb5DSwC%26pg%3DPA76&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStoneBainBoothParnell200833-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStoneBainBoothParnell200833_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStoneBainBoothParnell2008">Stone et al. 2008</a>, p. 33.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Lauring-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lauring_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lauring, Palle (1960) <i>A History of the Kingdom of Denmark</i>, Host & Son Co.: Copenhagen, p. 108.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011111014/http://smb.nu/svenskakrig/1611.asp">"Kalmarkriget 1611–1613"</a>. Svenskt Militärhistoriskt Bibliotek. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smb.nu/svenskakrig/1611.asp">the original</a> on 11 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kalmarkriget+1611%E2%80%931613&rft.pub=Svenskt+Milit%C3%A4rhistoriskt+Bibliotek&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smb.nu%2Fsvenskakrig%2F1611.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-guardian6nov2018-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-guardian6nov2018_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFRawlinson2018" class="citation news cs1">Rawlinson, Kevin (5 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/nov/05/prince-charles-says-britains-part-in-transatlantic-slave-trade-was-atrocity">"Prince Charles says Britain's role in slave trade was an atrocity"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181105232718/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/nov/05/prince-charles-says-britains-part-in-transatlantic-slave-trade-was-atrocity">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Prince+Charles+says+Britain%27s+role+in+slave+trade+was+an+atrocity&rft.date=2018-11-05&rft.aulast=Rawlinson&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk-news%2F2018%2Fnov%2F05%2Fprince-charles-says-britains-part-in-transatlantic-slave-trade-was-atrocity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFOlsonShadle1991" class="citation book cs1">Olson, James Stuart; Shadle, Robert, eds. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uyqepNdgUWkC&pg=PA167"><i>Historical Dictionary of European Imperialism</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-26257-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-26257-9"><bdi>978-0-313-26257-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+European+Imperialism&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-313-26257-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuyqepNdgUWkC%26pg%3DPA167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parker, pp. 69–70.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parker, p. 70.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Isacson, p. 229; Englund, p. 610</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStoneBainBoothParnell200835-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStoneBainBoothParnell200835_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStoneBainBoothParnell2008">Stone et al. 2008</a>, p. 35.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frost, pp. 180-183</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFEkman1957" class="citation journal cs1">Ekman, Ernst (1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/237987">"The Danish Royal Law of 1665"</a>. <i>The Journal of Modern History</i>. <b>29</b> (2): 102–107. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F237987">10.1086/237987</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0022-2801">0022-2801</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145652129">145652129</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Modern+History&rft.atitle=The+Danish+Royal+Law+of+1665&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=102-107&rft.date=1957&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145652129%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0022-2801&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F237987&rft.aulast=Ekman&rft.aufirst=Ernst&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1086%2F237987&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100056830">"League of Armed Neutrality"</a>. Oxford Reference. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924130430/http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100056830">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=League+of+Armed+Neutrality&rft.pub=Oxford+Reference&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Foi%2Fauthority.20110803100056830&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFJenssen-Tusch1852" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jenssen-Tusch, Georg Friedrich (1852). <i>Zur Regierungsgeschichte Friedrich VI. Königs von Dänemark, Herzogs von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg</i> (in German). Verlag Schröder. p. 166.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zur+Regierungsgeschichte+Friedrich+VI.+K%C3%B6nigs+von+D%C3%A4nemark%2C+Herzogs+von+Schleswig%2C+Holstein+und+Lauenburg&rft.pages=166&rft.pub=Verlag+Schr%C3%B6der&rft.date=1852&rft.aulast=Jenssen-Tusch&rft.aufirst=Georg+Friedrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFDörr2004" class="citation book cs1">Dörr, Oliver (2004). <i>Kompendium völkerrechtlicher Rechtsprechung : eine Auswahl für Studium und Praxis</i>. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. p. 101. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-16-148311-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-16-148311-0"><bdi>978-3-16-148311-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kompendium+v%C3%B6lkerrechtlicher+Rechtsprechung+%3A+eine+Auswahl+f%C3%BCr+Studium+und+Praxis&rft.place=T%C3%BCbingen&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=Mohr+Siebeck&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-3-16-148311-0&rft.aulast=D%C3%B6rr&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFTellier2009" class="citation book cs1">Tellier, Luc-Normand (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cXuCjDbxC1YC&pg=PA457"><i>Urban world history an economic and geographical perspective</i></a>. Québec: Presses de l'Université du Québec. p. 457. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7605-2209-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7605-2209-1"><bdi>978-2-7605-2209-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160412182836/https://books.google.com/books?id=cXuCjDbxC1YC&pg=PA457">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Urban+world+history+an+economic+and+geographical+perspective&rft.place=Qu%C3%A9bec&rft.pages=457&rft.pub=Presses+de+l%27Universit%C3%A9+du+Qu%C3%A9bec&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-2-7605-2209-1&rft.aulast=Tellier&rft.aufirst=Luc-Normand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcXuCjDbxC1YC%26pg%3DPA457&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Politico-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Politico_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/story/2019/06/06/epic-denmark-health-1510223">"Lost in translation: Epic goes to Denmark"</a>. <i>Politico</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Lost+in+translation%3A+Epic+goes+to+Denmark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2019%2F06%2F06%2Fepic-denmark-health-1510223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFRugg" class="citation web cs1">Rugg, Andy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130129130650/http://cphpost.dk/culture/through-looking-glass/traitor-danes-most-soldiers-return-heroes-lot-came-home-total-zeroes">"Traitor Danes: most soldiers return heroes, but this lot came home total zeroes"</a>. <i>Copenhagen Post</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cphpost.dk//culture/through-looking-glass/traitor-danes-most-soldiers-return-heroes-lot-came-home-total-zeroes">the original</a> on 29 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Copenhagen+Post&rft.atitle=Traitor+Danes%3A+most+soldiers+return+heroes%2C+but+this+lot+came+home+total+zeroes&rft.aulast=Rugg&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcphpost.dk%2F%2Fculture%2Fthrough-looking-glass%2Ftraitor-danes-most-soldiers-return-heroes-lot-came-home-total-zeroes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111104144427/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,874317,00.htm">"Finland: Now, the Seven and a Half"</a>. <i>Time</i>. 7 April 1961. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,874317,00.htm">the original</a> on 4 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Finland%3A+Now%2C+the+Seven+and+a+Half&rft.date=1961-04-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C874317%2C00.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Administrative_divisions_–_Denmark-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Administrative_divisions_–_Denmark_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/administrative-divisions#da">Administrative divisions – Denmark</a> <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a>. Access date: 16 September 2021</span>
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<li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.kms.dk/C1256AED004EA666/(AllDocsByDocId)/1D7EE8822587E667C1256AEF0030ABF6?open&page=strste&omr=KORT_DK_I_TAL">"Landet i tal  – Største øer"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Survey_and_Cadastre_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="National Survey and Cadastre of Denmark">National Survey and Cadastre of Denmark</a>. 23 September 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Landet+i+tal+%E2%80%93+St%C3%B8rste+%C3%B8er&rft.pub=National+Survey+and+Cadastre+of+Denmark&rft.date=2003-09-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.kms.dk%2FC1256AED004EA666%2F%28AllDocsByDocId%29%2F1D7EE8822587E667C1256AEF0030ABF6%3Fopen%26page%3Dstrste%26omr%3DKORT_DK_I_TAL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span>
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<li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Statistikbanken.dk/bef4</span>
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<li id="cite_note-Nature_and_Environment-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nature_and_Environment_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070403235436/http://denmark.dk/portal/page?_pageid=374,520337&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL">"Nature & Environment"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Denmark)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://denmark.dk/portal/page?_pageid=374,520337&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL">the original</a> on 3 April 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nature+%26+Environment&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+Denmark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdenmark.dk%2Fportal%2Fpage%3F_pageid%3D374%2C520337%26_dad%3Dportal%26_schema%3DPORTAL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nationalencyklopedin, (1990)</span>
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<li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gst.dk/nyheder/nyhedsarkiv/2005/feb/hoejste-punkt/">"Nyt højeste punkt i Danmark"</a> (in Danish). <a href="/wiki/Danish_Geodata_Agency" title="Danish Geodata Agency">Danish Geodata Agency</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140528005236/http://www.gst.dk/nyheder/nyhedsarkiv/2005/feb/hoejste-punkt/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nyt+h%C3%B8jeste+punkt+i+Danmark&rft.pub=Danish+Geodata+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gst.dk%2Fnyheder%2Fnyhedsarkiv%2F2005%2Ffeb%2Fhoejste-punkt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Denmark_climate-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Denmark_climate_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Denmark_climate_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150103014624/http://www.dmi.dk/vejr/arkiver/normaler-og-ekstremer/klimanormaler-dk/vejrnormal//">"Climate Normals for Denmark"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Danish_Meteorological_Institute" title="Danish Meteorological Institute">Danish Meteorological Institute</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dmi.dk/vejr/arkiver/normaler-og-ekstremer/klimanormaler-dk/vejrnormal/">the original</a> on 3 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+Normals+for+Denmark&rft.pub=Danish+Meteorological+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dmi.dk%2Fvejr%2Farkiver%2Fnormaler-og-ekstremer%2Fklimanormaler-dk%2Fvejrnormal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span> Figures, labelled in Danish: First plot is the whole country; Nedbør=Precipitation, Nedbørdage=Precipitation days (>1 mm), (Dag/Middel/Nat)temp.=(Daytime/Average/Nighttime) temperature, Solskinstimer=Hours of sunshine.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161019211924/https://www.dmi.dk/vejr/arkiver/normaler-og-ekstremer/vejrekstremer-dk/">"Vejrekstremer i Danmark [Weather extremes in Denmark]"</a> (in Danish). <a href="/wiki/Danish_Meteorological_Institute" title="Danish Meteorological Institute">Danish Meteorological Institute</a> (DMI). 6 October 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dmi.dk/vejr/arkiver/normaler-og-ekstremer/vejrekstremer-dk/">the original</a> on 19 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vejrekstremer+i+Danmark+%5BWeather+extremes+in+Denmark%5D&rft.pub=Danish+Meteorological+Institute+%28DMI%29&rft.date=2016-10-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dmi.dk%2Fvejr%2Farkiver%2Fnormaler-og-ekstremer%2Fvejrekstremer-dk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Denmark_weather_change-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Denmark_weather_change_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150921003948/http://www.dmi.dk/vejr/til-lands/maaned-og-saeson/vejrkorset-efteraarsvejrets-fire-hjoerner/">"The weather cross – the four corners of autumn weather"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Danish_Meteorological_Institute" title="Danish Meteorological Institute">Danish Meteorological Institute</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dmi.dk/vejr/til-lands/maaned-og-saeson/vejrkorset-efteraarsvejrets-fire-hjoerner/">the original</a> on 21 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+weather+cross+%E2%80%93+the+four+corners+of+autumn+weather&rft.pub=Danish+Meteorological+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dmi.dk%2Fvejr%2Ftil-lands%2Fmaaned-og-saeson%2Fvejrkorset-efteraarsvejrets-fire-hjoerner%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-sunrise_sunset-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sunrise_sunset_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gaisma.com/en/location/kobenhavn.html">"Copenhagen, Denmark  – Sunrise, sunset, dawn and dusk times for the whole year"</a>. Gaisma. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120702220228/http://www.gaisma.com/en/location/kobenhavn.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Copenhagen%2C+Denmark+%E2%80%93+Sunrise%2C+sunset%2C+dawn+and+dusk+times+for+the+whole+year&rft.pub=Gaisma&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaisma.com%2Fen%2Flocation%2Fkobenhavn.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-DinersteinOlson2017-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DinersteinOlson2017_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFDinersteinOlsonJoshiVynne2017" class="citation journal cs1">Dinerstein, Eric; Olson, David; Joshi, Anup; Vynne, Carly; Burgess, Neil D.; Wikramanayake, Eric; Hahn, Nathan; Palminteri, Suzanne; Hedao, Prashant; Noss, Reed; Hansen, Matt; Locke, Harvey; Ellis, Erle C; Jones, Benjamin; Barber, Charles Victor; Hayes, Randy; Kormos, Cyril; Martin, Vance; Crist, Eileen; Sechrest, Wes; Price, Lori; Baillie, Jonathan E. M.; Weeden, Don; Suckling, Kierán; Davis, Crystal; Sizer, Nigel; Moore, Rebecca; Thau, David; Birch, Tanya; Potapov, Peter; Turubanova, Svetlana; Tyukavina, Alexandra; de Souza, Nadia; Pintea, Lilian; Brito, José C.; Llewellyn, Othman A.; Miller, Anthony G.; Patzelt, Annette; Ghazanfar, Shahina A.; Timberlake, Jonathan; Klöser, Heinz; Shennan-Farpón, Yara; Kindt, Roeland; Lillesø, Jens-Peter Barnekow; van Breugel, Paulo; Graudal, Lars; Voge, Maianna; Al-Shammari, Khalaf F.; Saleem, Muhammad (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5451287">"An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm"</a>. <i>BioScience</i>. <b>67</b> (6): 534–545. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fbiosci%2Fbix014">10.1093/biosci/bix014</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0006-3568">0006-3568</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5451287">5451287</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28608869">28608869</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioScience&rft.atitle=An+Ecoregion-Based+Approach+to+Protecting+Half+the+Terrestrial+Realm&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=534-545&rft.date=2017&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5451287%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0006-3568&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28608869&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fbiosci%2Fbix014&rft.aulast=Dinerstein&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.au=Olson%2C+David&rft.au=Joshi%2C+Anup&rft.au=Vynne%2C+Carly&rft.au=Burgess%2C+Neil+D.&rft.au=Wikramanayake%2C+Eric&rft.au=Hahn%2C+Nathan&rft.au=Palminteri%2C+Suzanne&rft.au=Hedao%2C+Prashant&rft.au=Noss%2C+Reed&rft.au=Hansen%2C+Matt&rft.au=Locke%2C+Harvey&rft.au=Ellis%2C+Erle+C&rft.au=Jones%2C+Benjamin&rft.au=Barber%2C+Charles+Victor&rft.au=Hayes%2C+Randy&rft.au=Kormos%2C+Cyril&rft.au=Martin%2C+Vance&rft.au=Crist%2C+Eileen&rft.au=Sechrest%2C+Wes&rft.au=Price%2C+Lori&rft.au=Baillie%2C+Jonathan+E.+M.&rft.au=Weeden%2C+Don&rft.au=Suckling%2C+Kier%C3%A1n&rft.au=Davis%2C+Crystal&rft.au=Sizer%2C+Nigel&rft.au=Moore%2C+Rebecca&rft.au=Thau%2C+David&rft.au=Birch%2C+Tanya&rft.au=Potapov%2C+Peter&rft.au=Turubanova%2C+Svetlana&rft.au=Tyukavina%2C+Alexandra&rft.au=de+Souza%2C+Nadia&rft.au=Pintea%2C+Lilian&rft.au=Brito%2C+Jos%C3%A9+C.&rft.au=Llewellyn%2C+Othman+A.&rft.au=Miller%2C+Anthony+G.&rft.au=Patzelt%2C+Annette&rft.au=Ghazanfar%2C+Shahina+A.&rft.au=Timberlake%2C+Jonathan&rft.au=Kl%C3%B6ser%2C+Heinz&rft.au=Shennan-Farp%C3%B3n%2C+Yara&rft.au=Kindt%2C+Roeland&rft.au=Lilles%C3%B8%2C+Jens-Peter+Barnekow&rft.au=van+Breugel%2C+Paulo&rft.au=Graudal%2C+Lars&rft.au=Voge%2C+Maianna&rft.au=Al-Shammari%2C+Khalaf+F.&rft.au=Saleem%2C+Muhammad&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5451287&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFHogan" class="citation web cs1">Hogan, C Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/152021/">"Ecoregions of Denmark"</a>. Encyclopedia of Earth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924044145/http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/152021/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ecoregions+of+Denmark&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+of+Earth&rft.aulast=Hogan&rft.aufirst=C+Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eoearth.org%2Fview%2Farticle%2F152021%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Jensen1-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jensen1_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jensen1_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFJensen" class="citation web cs1">Jensen, Christian Lundmark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160715001546/http://www.nordicforestresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/ForestandforestryinDenmark.pdf">"Forests and forestry in Denmark – Thousands of years of interaction between man and nature"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Danish Ministry of the Environment Nature Agency. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nordicforestresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/ForestandforestryinDenmark.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 15 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Forests+and+forestry+in+Denmark+%E2%80%93+Thousands+of+years+of+interaction+between+man+and+nature&rft.pub=Danish+Ministry+of+the+Environment+Nature+Agency&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=Christian+Lundmark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nordicforestresearch.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F07%2FForestandforestryinDenmark.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.netfugl.dk/dklist.php">"Bird list of Denmark"</a>. Netfugl.dk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150905040347/http://www.netfugl.dk/dklist.php">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2015</span>. <q>It involves all category A, B and C birds recorded in Denmark (according to SU/BOURC/AERC standard).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bird+list+of+Denmark&rft.pub=Netfugl.dk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.netfugl.dk%2Fdklist.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">WWF (2014): Living Planet Report.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">AMI (2012); preliminary data for 2011</span>
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<li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFBurckMartenBals" class="citation web cs1">Burck, Jan; Marten, Franziska; Bals, Christoph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141209222711/http://germanwatch.org/en/download/10407.pdf">"The Climate Change Performance Index: Results 2015"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Germanwatch. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://germanwatch.org/en/download/10407.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 9 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Climate+Change+Performance+Index%3A+Results+2015&rft.pub=Germanwatch&rft.aulast=Burck&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft.au=Marten%2C+Franziska&rft.au=Bals%2C+Christoph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgermanwatch.org%2Fen%2Fdownload%2F10407.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-58678937">"Climate change: Whisper it cautiously... there's been progress in run up to COP26"</a>. BBC. 25 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Climate+change%3A+Whisper+it+cautiously...+there%27s+been+progress+in+run+up+to+COP26&rft.date=2021-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-58678937&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethicsandinternationalaffairs.org/2012/almost-saving-whales-the-ambiguity-of-success-at-the-international-whaling-commission-full-text/">"Almost Saving Whales: The Ambiguity of Success at the International Whaling Commission [Full Text] – Ethics & International Affairs"</a>. <i>Ethics & International Affairs</i>. 29 March 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171227180348/https://www.ethicsandinternationalaffairs.org/2012/almost-saving-whales-the-ambiguity-of-success-at-the-international-whaling-commission-full-text/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ethics+%26+International+Affairs&rft.atitle=Almost+Saving+Whales%3A+The+Ambiguity+of+Success+at+the+International+Whaling+Commission+%5BFull+Text%5D+%E2%80%93+Ethics+%26+International+Affairs&rft.date=2012-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethicsandinternationalaffairs.org%2F2012%2Falmost-saving-whales-the-ambiguity-of-success-at-the-international-whaling-commission-full-text%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/faroe-islands-slaughter-pilot-whales-sea-blood-red-north-atlantic-iceland-denmark-ritual-tradition-a7798436.html">"Hundreds of whales slaughtered in Faroe Island's annual killing"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. 20 June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171228000456/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/faroe-islands-slaughter-pilot-whales-sea-blood-red-north-atlantic-iceland-denmark-ritual-tradition-a7798436.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Hundreds+of+whales+slaughtered+in+Faroe+Island%27s+annual+killing&rft.date=2017-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Ffaroe-islands-slaughter-pilot-whales-sea-blood-red-north-atlantic-iceland-denmark-ritual-tradition-a7798436.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181105062411/https://naalakkersuisut.gl/en/Naalakkersuisut/News/2013/01/Whales">"Greenland quotas for big whales"</a>. <i>Government of Greenland</i>. 5 January 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://naalakkersuisut.gl/en/Naalakkersuisut/News/2013/01/Whales">the original</a> on 5 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Government+of+Greenland&rft.atitle=Greenland+quotas+for+big+whales&rft.date=2013-01-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnaalakkersuisut.gl%2Fen%2FNaalakkersuisut%2FNews%2F2013%2F01%2FWhales&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFTschentscher,_Axel" class="citation web cs1">Tschentscher, Axel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html">"The Constitution of Denmark – Section 88"</a>. Servat.unibe.ch. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110710092702/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Constitution+of+Denmark+%E2%80%93+Section+88&rft.pub=Servat.unibe.ch&rft.au=Tschentscher%2C+Axel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.servat.unibe.ch%2Ficl%2Fda00000_.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The executive power is vested in the King." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html">The Constitution of Denmark – Section 3.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110710092702/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html">Archived</a> 10 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The body of Ministers shall form the Council of State, in which the Successor to the Throne shall have a seat when he is of age. The Council of State shall be presided over by the King<span class="nowrap"> </span>..." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html">The Constitution of Denmark – Section 17.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110710092702/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html">Archived</a> 10 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kongehuset.dk/english/the-monarchy-in-denmark/the-monarchy-today">The Monarchy today</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150215082552/http://kongehuset.dk/english/the-monarchy-in-denmark/the-monarchy-today">Archived</a> 15 February 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – <i>The Danish Monarchy</i> (kongehuset.dk). Access date: 16 June 2012</span>
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<li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The King shall not be answerable for his actions; his person shall be sacrosanct." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html">The Constitution of Denmark – Section 13.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110710092702/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html">Archived</a> 10 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"A Bill passed by the Parliament shall become law if it receives the Royal Assent not later than thirty days after it was finally passed." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html">The Constitution of Denmark – Section 22.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110710092702/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html">Archived</a> 10 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJørgensen1995">Jørgensen 1995</a>, p. 16.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"A Minister shall not remain in office after the Parliament has passed a vote of no confidence in him." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html">The Constitution of Denmark – Section 15.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110710092702/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html">Archived</a> 10 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-48784508">"Denmark's new leader joins Nordic swing to left"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 27 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Denmark%27s+new+leader+joins+Nordic+swing+to+left&rft.date=2019-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-48784508&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelocal.dk/20190627/frederiksen-prepares-to-take-over-as-new-danish-prime-minister/">"Frederiksen prepares to take over as new Danish prime minister"</a>. <i>The Local Denmark</i>. 27 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Local+Denmark&rft.atitle=Frederiksen+prepares+to+take+over+as+new+Danish+prime+minister&rft.date=2019-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelocal.dk%2F20190627%2Ffrederiksen-prepares-to-take-over-as-new-danish-prime-minister%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFOrfield2002" class="citation book cs1">Orfield, Lester Bernhardt Orfield (2002). <i>The Growth of Scandinavian Law</i>. Union, N.J.: Lawbook Exchange. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58477-180-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58477-180-7"><bdi>978-1-58477-180-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Growth+of+Scandinavian+Law&rft.place=Union%2C+N.J.&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Lawbook+Exchange&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-58477-180-7&rft.aulast=Orfield&rft.aufirst=Lester+Bernhardt+Orfield&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The administration of justice shall always remain independent of the executive power. Rules to this effect shall be laid down by Statute ..." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html">The Constitution of Denmark – Sections/Articles 62 and 64.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110710092702/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html">Archived</a> 10 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGammelgaardSørensen1998">Gammelgaard & Sørensen 1998</a>, p. 18.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gfbv.it/3dossier/eu-min/autonomy.html">The working autonomies in Europe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080309063149/http://www.gfbv.it/3dossier/eu-min/autonomy.html">Archived</a> 9 March 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Gesellschaft für bedrohte Völker (GFBV). Retrieved 13 March 2012.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-stm-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stm_116-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stm_116-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stm_116-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stm.dk/_p_10988.html">The unity of the Realm</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130120161948/http://www.stm.dk/_p_10988.html">Archived</a> 20 January 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Statsministeriet – stm.dk. Retrieved 13 March 2012.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=20991">"Act on the Faroese authorities acquisition of affairs and fields"</a> [Lov om de færøske myndigheders overtagelse af sager og sagsområder]. <i>retsinformation.dk</i> (in Danish). 24 June 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160120224148/https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=20991">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=retsinformation.dk&rft.atitle=Act+on+the+Faroese+authorities+acquisition+of+affairs+and+fields&rft.date=2005-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.retsinformation.dk%2FForms%2FR0710.aspx%3Fid%3D20991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.retsinformation.dk:443/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=125052"><i>Lov om Grønlands Selvstyre</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181106211314/https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=125052">Archived</a> 6 November 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Danish)</span>. Retsinformation.dk. "I erkendelse af, at det grønlandske folk er et folk i henhold til folkeretten med ret til selvbestemmelse, bygger loven på et ønske om at fremme ligeværdighed og gensidig respekt i partnerskabet mellem Danmark og Grønland."</span>
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<li id="cite_note-Greenland_pop-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Greenland_pop_119-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://citypopulation.de/en/greenland/">"2020 Population"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020+Population&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcitypopulation.de%2Fen%2Fgreenland%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Faroer_pop-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Faroer_pop_120-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://citypopulation.de/en/faroe/cities/">"Faroe Islands Population"</a>. Hagstova Føroya<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Faroe+Islands+Population&rft.pub=Hagstova+F%C3%B8roya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcitypopulation.de%2Fen%2Ffaroe%2Fcities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Kjær2006" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Michael Kjær, Jonas (15 November 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011075640/http://dr.dk/Regioner/Bornholm/Nyheder/Christiansoe/2006/11/15160130.htm">"Christiansø betaler ikke sundhedsbidrag"</a>. <i>dr.dk</i> (in Danish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dr.dk/Regioner/Bornholm/Nyheder/Christiansoe/2006/11/15160130.htm">the original</a> on 11 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=dr.dk&rft.atitle=Christians%C3%B8+betaler+ikke+sundhedsbidrag&rft.date=2006-11-15&rft.aulast=Michael+Kj%C3%A6r&rft.aufirst=Jonas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dr.dk%2FRegioner%2FBornholm%2FNyheder%2FChristiansoe%2F2006%2F11%2F15160130.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citypopulation.de/Denmark.html">Denmark: Regions, Municipalities, Cities & Major Urban Areas</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120408144050/http://www.citypopulation.de/Denmark.html">Archived</a> 8 April 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Statistics and Maps on <i>City Population</i>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-brief-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brief_123-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brief_123-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Danish Regions – in Brief</i> (3rd revised ed.). Copenhagen: Danske Regioner. 2007. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-7723-471-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-7723-471-2"><bdi>978-87-7723-471-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Danish+Regions+%E2%80%93+in+Brief&rft.place=Copenhagen&rft.edition=3rd+revised&rft.pub=Danske+Regioner&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-87-7723-471-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-regioner-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-regioner_124-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140510023358/http://www.regioner.dk/in+english/regional+denmark/regional+tasks">"Regional Tasks in Denmark"</a>. Danske Regioner. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.regioner.dk/in+english/regional+denmark/regional+tasks">the original</a> on 10 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regional+Tasks+in+Denmark&rft.pub=Danske+Regioner&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.regioner.dk%2Fin%2Benglish%2Fregional%2Bdenmark%2Fregional%2Btasks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-taxation1-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-taxation1_125-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-taxation1_125-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150821030836/http://ias.au.dk/taxation/the-danish-tax-system/">"The Danish Tax System"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Aarhus_University" title="Aarhus University">Aarhus University</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ias.au.dk/taxation/the-danish-tax-system/">the original</a> on 21 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Danish+Tax+System&rft.pub=Aarhus+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fias.au.dk%2Ftaxation%2Fthe-danish-tax-system%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFBehringer2005" class="citation journal cs1">Behringer, Ronald M. (September 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cac.sagepub.com/content/40/3/305.abstract">"Middle Power Leadership on the Human Security Agenda"</a>. <i>Cooperation and Conflict</i>. <b>40</b> (3): 305–342. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0010836705055068">10.1177/0010836705055068</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144129970">144129970</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160106114255/http://cac.sagepub.com/content/40/3/305.abstract">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cooperation+and+Conflict&rft.atitle=Middle+Power+Leadership+on+the+Human+Security+Agenda&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=305-342&rft.date=2005-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0010836705055068&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144129970%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Behringer&rft.aufirst=Ronald+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcac.sagepub.com%2Fcontent%2F40%2F3%2F305.abstract&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_the_United_States" class="citation web cs1">Government of the United States. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3167.htm">"US Department of State: Denmark"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+Department+of+State%3A+Denmark&rft.au=Government+of+the+United+States&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Fr%2Fpa%2Fei%2Fbgn%2F3167.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-and-lending-groups#High_income">Country and Lending Groups.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140702131322/http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-and-lending-groups#High_income">Archived</a> 2 July 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> World Bank. Accessed on 14 March 2016.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Liz Alderman and Steven Greenhouse (27 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/28/business/international/living-wages-served-in-denmark-fast-food-restaurants.html">Living Wages, Rarity for U.S. Fast-Food Workers, Served Up in Denmark</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141028002802/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/28/business/international/living-wages-served-in-denmark-fast-food-restaurants.html">Archived</a> 28 October 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>.</i> Retrieved 28 October 2014.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On Sweden and Denmark, see Anders Kjellberg and Christian Lyhne Ibsen <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/ws/files/21682547/Kjellberg_og_Ibsen_2016_ur_Due_og_Madsen.pdf">"Attacks on union organizing: Reversible and irreversible changes to the Ghent-systems in Sweden and Denmark"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170309062312/https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/ws/files/21682547/Kjellberg_og_Ibsen_2016_ur_Due_og_Madsen.pdf">Archived</a> 9 March 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in Trine Pernille Larsen and Anna Ilsøe (eds.)(2016) <i>Den Danske Model set udefra (The Danish Model Inside Out) – komparative perspektiver på dansk arbejdsmarkedsregulering</i>, Copenhagen: Jurist- og Økonomforbundets Forlag (pp.292)</span>
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<li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181117022122/http://statistikbanken.dk/NABP10">"StatBank Denmark, Table NABP10: 1-2.1.1 Production and generation of income (10a3-grouping) by transaction, industry and price unit. Retrieved on December 6, 2018"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://statistikbanken.dk/nabp10">the original</a> on 17 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=StatBank+Denmark%2C+Table+NABP10%3A+1-2.1.1+Production+and+generation+of+income+%2810a3-grouping%29+by+transaction%2C+industry+and+price+unit.+Retrieved+on+December+6%2C+2018.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistikbanken.dk%2Fnabp10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-factbook2-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-factbook2_153-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-factbook2_153-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-factbook2_153-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-factbook2_153-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/denmark/">"Denmark"</a>. <i>The World Factbook</i>. CIA. 3 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Denmark&rft.date=2018-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fdenmark%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-datasets/-/TIPSII40">"Eurostat: Net international investment position – quarterly data, % of GDP. Last update 24 October 2018, retrieved December 6 2018"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181126221506/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-datasets/-/TIPSII40">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurostat%3A+Net+international+investment+position+%E2%80%93+quarterly+data%2C+%25+of+GDP.+Last+update+24+October+2018%2C+retrieved+December+6+2018.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fweb%2Fproducts-datasets%2F-%2FTIPSII40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mathias, Peter and Polard, Sidney (eds.) (1989) <i>The Cambridge Economic History of Europe</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 22.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFBaten,_Jörg2016" class="citation book cs1">Baten, Jörg (2016). <i>A History of the Global Economy. From 1500 to the Present</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-50718-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-50718-0"><bdi>978-1-107-50718-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Global+Economy.+From+1500+to+the+Present.&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-107-50718-0&rft.au=Baten%2C+J%C3%B6rg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Danish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finans.dk/finans/okonomi/ECE9155832/danskerne-og-lo-elsker-globalisering/?ctxref=ext">Danskerne og LO elsker globalisering. Newspaper article 17 November 2016 on finans.dk. Retrieved 6 December 2018.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181206192549/https://finans.dk/finans/okonomi/ECE9155832/danskerne-og-lo-elsker-globalisering/?ctxref=ext">Archived</a> 6 December 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-denmarkandtheeuro-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-denmarkandtheeuro_158-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061116210231/http://nationalbanken.dk/DNUK/Euro.nsf/side/Denmark_and_the_euro!OpenDocument">"Denmark and the euro"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Danmarks_Nationalbank" title="Danmarks Nationalbank">Danmarks Nationalbank</a>. 17 November 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalbanken.dk/DNUK/Euro.nsf/side/Denmark_and_the_euro!OpenDocument">the original</a> on 16 November 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Denmark+and+the+euro&rft.pub=Danmarks+Nationalbank&rft.date=2006-11-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalbanken.dk%2FDNUK%2FEuro.nsf%2Fside%2FDenmark_and_the_euro%21OpenDocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/index.cfm/Survey/getSurveyDetail/instruments/STANDARD/yearFrom/1999/yearTo/2018/surveyKy/2180">"Standard Eurobarometer 89, Spring 2018. The key indicators. Publication date June 2018. Retrieved 18 December 2018"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226232843/http://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/index.cfm/Survey/getSurveyDetail/instruments/STANDARD/yearFrom/1999/yearTo/2018/surveyKy/2180">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Standard+Eurobarometer+89%2C+Spring+2018.+The+key+indicators.+Publication+date+June+2018.+Retrieved+18+December+2018.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fcommfrontoffice%2Fpublicopinion%2Findex.cfm%2FSurvey%2FgetSurveyDetail%2Finstruments%2FSTANDARD%2FyearFrom%2F1999%2FyearTo%2F2018%2FsurveyKy%2F2180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.largestcompanies.com/toplists/denmark/largest-companies-by-turnover">"The largest companies by turnover in Denmark"</a>. <i>largestcompanies.com</i>. Nordic Netproducts AB. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181106204016/http://www.largestcompanies.com/toplists/denmark/largest-companies-by-turnover">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=largestcompanies.com&rft.atitle=The+largest+companies+by+turnover+in+Denmark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.largestcompanies.com%2Ftoplists%2Fdenmark%2Flargest-companies-by-turnover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.investindk.com/Establishing-a-business-in-Denmark">Business Environment</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120221130914/http://www.investindk.com/Establishing-a-business-in-Denmark">Archived</a> 21 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Invest in Denmark</span>
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<li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181125073944/http://statistikbanken.dk/sktryk">"StatBank Denmark, SKTRYK: Tax level by national account groups. Retrieved December 6 2018"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://statistikbanken.dk/sktryk">the original</a> on 25 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=StatBank+Denmark%2C+SKTRYK%3A+Tax+level+by+national+account+groups.+Retrieved+December+6+2018.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistikbanken.dk%2Fsktryk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oecd.org/tax/revenue-statistics-denmark.pdf">"OECD Revenue Statistics 2018 – Denmark. Retrieved 18 December 2018"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180908202458/http://www.oecd.org/tax/revenue-statistics-denmark.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 8 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OECD+Revenue+Statistics+2018+%E2%80%93+Denmark.+Retrieved+18+December+2018.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Ftax%2Frevenue-statistics-denmark.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120315171238/http://www.visitdenmark.dk/danmark/da-dk/menu/turist/inspiration/aktivferie/cykel/cykel-ruter-og-regioner.htm">"Cykelruter og regioner"</a> (in Danish). Visitdenmark.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitdenmark.dk/danmark/da-dk/menu/turist/inspiration/aktivferie/cykel/cykel-ruter-og-regioner.htm">the original</a> on 15 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cykelruter+og+regioner&rft.pub=Visitdenmark.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitdenmark.dk%2Fdanmark%2Fda-dk%2Fmenu%2Fturist%2Finspiration%2Faktivferie%2Fcykel%2Fcykel-ruter-og-regioner.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-vcta-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vcta_189-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vcta.dk/OmVCTA.aspx">"Vi cykler til arbejde 2011"</a> (in Danish). <a href="/wiki/Dansk_Cyklist_Forbund" class="mw-redirect" title="Dansk Cyklist Forbund">Dansk Cyklist Forbund</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724113337/http://www.vcta.dk/OmVCTA.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vi+cykler+til+arbejde+2011&rft.pub=Dansk+Cyklist+Forbund&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vcta.dk%2FOmVCTA.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://politiken.dk/indland/ECE626918/tyske-miljoezoner-sender-gamle-biler-til-danmark/">"Tyske miljøzoner sender gamle biler til Danmark"</a>. <i>Politiken.dk</i> (in Danish). 9 January 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110430200435/http://politiken.dk/indland/ECE626918/tyske-miljoezoner-sender-gamle-biler-til-danmark/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politiken.dk&rft.atitle=Tyske+milj%C3%B8zoner+sender+gamle+biler+til+Danmark&rft.date=2009-01-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpolitiken.dk%2Findland%2FECE626918%2Ftyske-miljoezoner-sender-gamle-biler-til-danmark%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dst.dk/pukora/epub/upload/16251/13tra.pdf">"Transport"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Statistical Yearbook 2012</i>. dst.dk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Transport&rft.btitle=Statistical+Yearbook+2012&rft.pub=dst.dk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dst.dk%2Fpukora%2Fepub%2Fupload%2F16251%2F13tra.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-192"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/denmark/">"World Factbook EUROPE : DENMARK"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>, 12 July 2018</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=World+Factbook+EUROPE+%3A+DENMARK&rft.date=2018-07-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fdenmark%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-happiness-193"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-happiness_193-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFHelliwellLayardSachs" class="citation web cs1">Helliwell, John; Layard, Richard; <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Sachs" title="Jeffrey Sachs">Sachs, Jeffrey</a> (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160318091325/http://5c28efcb768db11c7204-4ffd2ff276d22135df4d1a53ae141422.r82.cf5.rackcdn.com/HR-V1_web.pdf">"World Happiness Report 2016"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Sustainable Development Solutions Network. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://5c28efcb768db11c7204-4ffd2ff276d22135df4d1a53ae141422.r82.cf5.rackcdn.com/HR-V1_web.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 18 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Happiness+Report+2016&rft.pub=Sustainable+Development+Solutions+Network&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F5c28efcb768db11c7204-4ffd2ff276d22135df4d1a53ae141422.r82.cf5.rackcdn.com%2FHR-V1_web.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Earth_Institute_2013-194"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Earth_Institute_2013_194-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Helliwell, John; Layard, Richard; Sachs, Jeffrey <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earth.columbia.edu/sitefiles/file/Sachs%20Writing/2012/World%20Happiness%20Report.pdf">World Happiness Report</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130902171441/http://www.earth.columbia.edu/sitefiles/file/Sachs%20Writing/2012/World%20Happiness%20Report.pdf">Archived</a> 2 September 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Earth_Institute" title="The Earth Institute">The Earth Institute</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>, p. 8. See also: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unsdsn.org/files/2013/09/WorldHappinessReport2013_online.pdf">World Happiness Report 2013</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215838/http://unsdsn.org/files/2013/09/WorldHappinessReport2013_online.pdf">Archived</a> 4 October 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, p. 23.; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/22/denmark-happiest-country_n_4070761.html">Denmark Is Considered The Happiest Country. You'll Never Guess Why.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131023134428/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/22/denmark-happiest-country_n_4070761.html">Archived</a> 23 October 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Huffington Post">Huffington Post</a>.</i> 22 October 2013.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-BruceStokes-195"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BruceStokes_195-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stokes, Buce (8 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2011/06/the-happiest-countries-in-the-world/240103/">The Happiest Countries in the World</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170425034007/https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2011/06/the-happiest-countries-in-the-world/240103/">Archived</a> 25 April 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a>.</i> Retrieved 20 September 2013</span>
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<li id="cite_note-Taylor-196"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Taylor_196-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2006" class="citation news cs1">Taylor, Jerome (1 August 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090309234926/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/denmark-is-the-worlds-happiest-country--official-410075.html">"Denmark is the world's happiest country – official – Europe, World"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/denmark-is-the-worlds-happiest-country--official-410075.html">the original</a> on 9 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Denmark+is+the+world%27s+happiest+country+%E2%80%93+official+%E2%80%93+Europe%2C+World&rft.date=2006-08-01&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Jerome&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fdenmark-is-the-worlds-happiest-country--official-410075.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-eurogini-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eurogini_197-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di12">"Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income (source: SILC)"</a>. Eurostat Data Explorer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045123/http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di12">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gini+coefficient+of+equivalised+disposable+income+%28source%3A+SILC%29&rft.pub=Eurostat+Data+Explorer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fappsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu%2Fnui%2Fshow.do%3Fdataset%3Dilc_di12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Thomas2016-198"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thomas2016_198-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFThomas2016" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Alastair H. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aPq6DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA11"><i>Historical Dictionary of Denmark</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-6465-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-6465-6"><bdi>978-1-4422-6465-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Denmark&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4422-6465-6&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Alastair+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaPq6DAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-199"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181012172855/http://www.statbank.dk/VAN8A">"VAN8A: Immigrations (year) by citizenship, sex and residence permit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Denmark" title="Statistics Denmark">Statistics Denmark</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statbank.dk/VAN8A">the original</a> on 12 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=VAN8A%3A+Immigrations+%28year%29+by+citizenship%2C+sex+and+residence+permit&rft.pub=Statistics+Denmark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statbank.dk%2FVAN8A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-200"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For comparisons and developments see: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esa.un.org/miggmgprofiles/indicators/files/Denmark.pdf">"Denmark – Migration Profiles"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. UNICEF. 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304194636/http://esa.un.org/miggmgprofiles/indicators/files/Denmark.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Denmark+%E2%80%93+Migration+Profiles&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fesa.un.org%2Fmiggmgprofiles%2Findicators%2Ffiles%2FDenmark.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Statistics on migration only includes people changing citizenship and does not always provide a realistic picture of migration pressure. In Denmark, 5% of the population were non-citizens in 2005, which is a relatively high figure. See <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/events/coordination/4/docs/P12_OECD.pdf">"Counting Immigrant and Expatriates in OECD Countries: A New Perspective"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. OECD. 21 October 2005: 119–120. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160415081147/http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/events/coordination/4/docs/P12_OECD.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 15 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Counting+Immigrant+and+Expatriates+in+OECD+Countries%3A+A+New+Perspective&rft.pages=119-120&rft.date=2005-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fen%2Fdevelopment%2Fdesa%2Fpopulation%2Fmigration%2Fevents%2Fcoordination%2F4%2Fdocs%2FP12_OECD.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span> for example.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-Ethnologue-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ethnologue_202-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ethnologue_202-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ethnologue_202-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ethnologue_202-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ethnologue_202-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFLewis2009" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, M. Paul, ed. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/"><i>Ethnologue: Languages of the World</i></a> (16th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55671-216-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55671-216-6"><bdi>978-1-55671-216-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071227170852/http://www.ethnologue.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnologue%3A+Languages+of+the+World&rft.place=Dallas%2C+Texas&rft.edition=16th&rft.pub=SIL+International.&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-55671-216-6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-language-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-language_203-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-language_203-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140721051426/http://www.norden.org/en/the-nordic-region/language">"Language"</a>. The Nordic Council. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.norden.org/en/the-nordic-region/language">the original</a> on 21 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Language&rft.pub=The+Nordic+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.norden.org%2Fen%2Fthe-nordic-region%2Flanguage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-204"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_243_en.pdf">"Europeans and their Languages"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Eurobarometer" title="Eurobarometer">Eurobarometer</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>. February 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160414102658/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_243_en.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 14 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurobarometer&rft.atitle=Europeans+and+their+Languages&rft.date=2006-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fpublic_opinion%2Farchives%2Febs%2Febs_243_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:1-205"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_205-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200410190520/https://www.km.dk/folkekirken/kirkestatistik/folkekirkens-medlemstal/">"Folkekirkens medlemstal"</a>. <i>Kirkeministeriet</i> (in Danish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.km.dk/folkekirken/kirkestatistik/folkekirkens-medlemstal/">the original</a> on 10 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kirkeministeriet&rft.atitle=Folkekirkens+medlemstal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.km.dk%2Ffolkekirken%2Fkirkestatistik%2Ffolkekirkens-medlemstal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-206"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html">Denmark – Constitution</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110710092702/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html">Archived</a> 10 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Part I – Section 4 [State Church]: "The Evangelical Lutheran Church shall be the Established Church of Denmark, and, as such, it shall be supported by the State."</span>
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<li id="cite_note-208"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFThomsen_Højsgaard2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Thomsen Højsgaard, Morten (21 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/derfor-forlader-flere-folk-kirken">"Derfor mister kirken mere af folket"</a>. <i>Kristeligt Dagblad</i> (in Danish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kristeligt+Dagblad&rft.atitle=Derfor+mister+kirken+mere+af+folket&rft.date=2018-02-21&rft.aulast=Thomsen+H%C3%B8jsgaard&rft.aufirst=Morten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kristeligt-dagblad.dk%2Fderfor-forlader-flere-folk-kirken&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-report_2009-209"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-report_2009_209-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2009/127307.htm">"Denmark – Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor"</a>. <i>International Religious Freedom Report 2009</i>. U.S. Department of State. 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Religious+Freedom+Report+2009&rft.atitle=Denmark+%E2%80%93+Bureau+of+Democracy%2C+Human+Rights%2C+and+Labor&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Fj%2Fdrl%2Frls%2Firf%2F2009%2F127307.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-210"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFManchin2004" class="citation web cs1">Manchin, Robert (21 September 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gallup.com/poll/13117/religion-europe-trust-filling-pews.aspx">"Religion in Europe: Trust Not Filling the Pews"</a>. <i>Gallup Poll</i>. <a href="/wiki/Gallup_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallup (company)">Gallup</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130120155549/http://www.gallup.com/poll/13117/religion-europe-trust-filling-pews.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gallup+Poll&rft.atitle=Religion+in+Europe%3A+Trust+Not+Filling+the+Pews&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.aulast=Manchin&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gallup.com%2Fpoll%2F13117%2Freligion-europe-trust-filling-pews.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-gallup-religiosity-poor-nations-211"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gallup-religiosity-poor-nations_211-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFCrabtree2010" class="citation web cs1">Crabtree, Steve (31 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gallup.com/poll/142727/religiosity-highest-world-poorest-nations.aspx">"Religiosity Highest in World's Poorest Nations"</a>. Gallup. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170823202612/http://www.gallup.com/poll/142727/religiosity-highest-world-poorest-nations.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Religiosity+Highest+in+World%27s+Poorest+Nations&rft.pub=Gallup&rft.date=2010-08-31&rft.aulast=Crabtree&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gallup.com%2Fpoll%2F142727%2Freligiosity-highest-world-poorest-nations.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-212"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html">Denmark – Constitution</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110710092702/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html">Archived</a> 10 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Part II – Section 6 .</span>
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<li id="cite_note-213"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html">Denmark – Constitution</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110710092702/http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html">Archived</a> 10 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Part VII – Section 70: "No person shall for reasons of his creed or descent be deprived of access to complete enjoyment of his civic and political rights, nor shall he for such reasons evade compliance with any common civic duty."</span>
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<li id="cite_note-FoR-214"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FoR_214-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FoR_214-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FoR_214-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.km.dk/fileadmin/share/Trossamfund/Freedom_of_religion.pdf">Freedom of religion and religious communities in Denmark</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120205165930/http://www.km.dk/fileadmin/share/Trossamfund/Freedom_of_religion.pdf">Archived</a> 5 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – The Ministry of Ecclesiastical Affairs – May 2006</span>
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<li id="cite_note-jac2020-215"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jac2020_215-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tjekdet.dk/hvor-mange-muslimer-er-der-i-danmark">"Hvor mange muslimer er der i Danmark?"</a>. <i>tjekdet.dk</i> (in Danish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=tjekdet.dk&rft.atitle=Hvor+mange+muslimer+er+der+i+Danmark%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tjekdet.dk%2Fhvor-mange-muslimer-er-der-i-danmark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-jac2018-216"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jac2018_216-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.religion.dk/religionsanalysen/hvor-mange-indvandrer-lever-i-danmark">"Hvor mange muslimer bor der i Danmark?"</a>. <i>religion.dk</i> (in Danish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181209134230/https://www.religion.dk/religionsanalysen/hvor-mange-indvandrer-lever-i-danmark">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=religion.dk&rft.atitle=Hvor+mange+muslimer+bor+der+i+Danmark%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.religion.dk%2Freligionsanalysen%2Fhvor-mange-indvandrer-lever-i-danmark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-217"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060208030036/http://www.um.dk/Publikationer/UM/English/Denmark/kap1/1-14.asp">"Religion in Denmark"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.um.dk/Publikationer/UM/English/Denmark/kap1/1-14.asp">the original</a> on 8 February 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Religion+in+Denmark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.um.dk%2FPublikationer%2FUM%2FEnglish%2FDenmark%2Fkap1%2F1-14.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span> – From the <a href="/wiki/Danish_Foreign_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish Foreign Ministry">Danish Foreign Ministry</a>. Archive retrieved on 3 January 2012.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-218"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101215001129/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_341_en.pdf">"Special Eurobarometer, biotechnology, page 204"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Fieldwork: Jan–Feb 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_341_en.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 15 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Special+Eurobarometer%2C+biotechnology%2C+page+204&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fpublic_opinion%2Farchives%2Febs%2Febs_341_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-219"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Poll performed in December 2009 among 1114 Danes between ages 18 and 74, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/artikel/350709:Kirke---tro--Hver-fjerde-dansker-tror-paa-Jesus"><i>Hver fjerde dansker tror på Jesus</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091225060504/http://www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/artikel/350709:Kirke---tro--Hver-fjerde-dansker-tror-paa-Jesus">Archived</a> 25 December 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (One in four Danes believe in Jesus), Kristeligt Dagblad, 23 December 2009 <span class="languageicon">(in Danish)</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-edu-220"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-edu_220-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111062215/http://eng.uvm.dk/Education/Overview-of-the-Danish-Education-System">"Overview of the Danish Education System"</a>. Danish Ministry for Children, Education and Gender Equality. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eng.uvm.dk/Education/Overview-of-the-Danish-Education-System">the original</a> on 11 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Overview+of+the+Danish+Education+System&rft.pub=Danish+Ministry+for+Children%2C+Education+and+Gender+Equality&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feng.uvm.dk%2FEducation%2FOverview-of-the-Danish-Education-System&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-221"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oecd.org/edu/EDUCATION%20POLICY%20OUTLOOK%20DENMARK_EN.pdf">"Education Policy Outlook: Denmark"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. OECD. p. 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161017183723/https://www.oecd.org/edu/EDUCATION%20POLICY%20OUTLOOK%20DENMARK_EN.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 17 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Education+Policy+Outlook%3A+Denmark&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=OECD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Fedu%2FEDUCATION%2520POLICY%2520OUTLOOK%2520DENMARK_EN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-222"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rick Noack (4 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2015/02/04/why-danish-students-are-paid-to-go-to-college/">Why Danish students are paid to go to college</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150524062503/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2015/02/04/why-danish-students-are-paid-to-go-to-college/">Archived</a> 24 May 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>.</i> Retrieved 5 February 2015.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-WHO-224"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WHO_224-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.688?lang=en">"Life expectancy"</a>. World Health Organization. 6 July 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141016022444/http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.688?lang=en">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Life+expectancy&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2016-07-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapps.who.int%2Fgho%2Fdata%2Fnode.main.688%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-health_report-225"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-health_report_225-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-health_report_225-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFBrønnum-Hansen2007" class="citation book cs1">Brønnum-Hansen, Knud Juel, Jan Sørensen, Henrik (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.si-folkesundhed.dk/upload/2745_-_risk_factors_and_public_health_in_denmark.pdf"><i>Risk factors and public health in Denmark – Summary report</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. København: National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-7899-123-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-7899-123-2"><bdi>978-87-7899-123-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141222143524/http://www.si-folkesundhed.dk/upload/2745_-_risk_factors_and_public_health_in_denmark.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 22 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Risk+factors+and+public+health+in+Denmark+%E2%80%93+Summary+report&rft.place=K%C3%B8benhavn&rft.pub=National+Institute+of+Public+Health%2C+University+of+Southern+Denmark&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-87-7899-123-2&rft.aulast=Br%C3%B8nnum-Hansen&rft.aufirst=Knud+Juel%2C+Jan+S%C3%B8rensen%2C+Henrik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.si-folkesundhed.dk%2Fupload%2F2745_-_risk_factors_and_public_health_in_denmark.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-226"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010185132/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2228rank.html">"Obesity – Adult prevalence"</a>. CIA Factbook. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2228rank.html">the original</a> on 10 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Obesity+%E2%80%93+Adult+prevalence&rft.pub=CIA+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Frankorder%2F2228rank.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-227"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/news/8277418/Why-is-Denmark-the-cancer-capital-of-the-world.html">"Why is Denmark the cancer capital of the world?"</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035731/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/news/8277418/Why-is-Denmark-the-cancer-capital-of-the-world.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Why+is+Denmark+the+cancer+capital+of+the+world%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fhealth%2Fnews%2F8277418%2FWhy-is-Denmark-the-cancer-capital-of-the-world.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-228"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wcrf.org/int/cancer-facts-figures/data-cancer-frequency-country">"Data for cancer frequency by country"</a>. WCRF. 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151230080530/http://www.wcrf.org/int/cancer-facts-figures/data-cancer-frequency-country">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Data+for+cancer+frequency+by+country&rft.pub=WCRF&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wcrf.org%2Fint%2Fcancer-facts-figures%2Fdata-cancer-frequency-country&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Reuters-231"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters_231-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters_231-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters_231-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFNielson" class="citation news cs1">Nielson, Emil Gjerding. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-denmark-immigration-widerimage/in-danish-ghettos-immigrants-feel-stigmatized-and-shut-out-idUSKCN1IU1DS">"In Danish 'ghettos', immigrants feel stigmatized and shut out"</a>. <i>U.S</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180704212835/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-denmark-immigration-widerimage/in-danish-ghettos-immigrants-feel-stigmatized-and-shut-out-idUSKCN1IU1DS">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.&rft.atitle=In+Danish+%27ghettos%27%2C+immigrants+feel+stigmatized+and+shut+out&rft.aulast=Nielson&rft.aufirst=Emil+Gjerding&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-denmark-immigration-widerimage%2Fin-danish-ghettos-immigrants-feel-stigmatized-and-shut-out-idUSKCN1IU1DS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-NYT-233"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_233-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_233-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_233-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/01/world/europe/denmark-immigrant-ghettos.html">"In Denmark, Harsh New Laws for Immigrant 'Ghettos'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180706100907/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/01/world/europe/denmark-immigrant-ghettos.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=In+Denmark%2C+Harsh+New+Laws+for+Immigrant+%27Ghettos%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F07%2F01%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fdenmark-immigrant-ghettos.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-276"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140203184111/http://www.eurohandball.com/2013/article/011996">"National Team rankings"</a>. European Handball Federation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurohandball.com/2013/article/011996">the original</a> on 3 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Team+rankings&rft.pub=European+Handball+Federation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurohandball.com%2F2013%2Farticle%2F011996&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-277"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070716195104/http://www.dif.dk/OmDIF/Forside/Idraetten%20i%20tal/medlemstal.aspx">"Om DIF – Medlemstal"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dif.dk/OmDIF/Forside/Idraetten%20i%20tal/medlemstal.aspx">the original</a> on 16 July 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Om+DIF+%E2%80%93+Medlemstal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dif.dk%2FOmDIF%2FForside%2FIdraetten%2520i%2520tal%2Fmedlemstal.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="languageicon">(in Danish)</span>, <i>The National Olympic Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark</i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-278"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/271/nfProf.html">Profile | Denmark</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151114021234/http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/p/nationalfederationnumber/271/nfProf.html">Archived</a> 14 November 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Fiba.com. Retrieved 24 September 2015.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-279"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bath, Richard (ed.) <i>The Complete Book of Rugby</i> (Seven Oaks Ltd, 1997 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86200-013-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86200-013-1">978-1-86200-013-1</a>) p66. Archived from July 2007 and Retrieved June 2012.</span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="General_and_cited_sources">General and cited sources</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: General and cited sources">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1054258005">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin" style="">
<ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFStoneBainBoothParnell2008" class="citation book cs1">Stone, Andrew; Bain, Carolyn; Booth, Michael; Parnell, Fran (2008). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lonelyplanetdenm00andr"><i>Denmark</i></a></span> (5th ed.). Footscray, Victoria: Lonely Planet. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lonelyplanetdenm00andr/page/31">31</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74104-669-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74104-669-4"><bdi>978-1-74104-669-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Denmark&rft.place=Footscray%2C+Victoria&rft.pages=31&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-74104-669-4&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.au=Bain%2C+Carolyn&rft.au=Booth%2C+Michael&rft.au=Parnell%2C+Fran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flonelyplanetdenm00andr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><span class="languageicon">(in Danish)</span> Busck, Steen and Poulsen, Henning (ed.), "Danmarks historie  – i grundtræk", Aarhus Universitetsforlag, 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-7288-941-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-7288-941-2">978-87-7288-941-2</a></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFEnglund2000" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Englund" title="Peter Englund">Englund, Peter</a> (2000). <i>Den oövervinnerlige</i> (in Swedish). Stockholm: Atlantis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-91-7486-999-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-91-7486-999-6"><bdi>978-91-7486-999-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Den+o%C3%B6vervinnerlige&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.pub=Atlantis&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-91-7486-999-6&rft.aulast=Englund&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFFrost2000" class="citation book cs1">Frost, Robert I. (2000). <i>The Northern Wars (1558–1721)</i>. Pearson Education. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-582-06429-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-582-06429-4"><bdi>978-0-582-06429-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Northern+Wars+%281558%E2%80%931721%29&rft.pub=Pearson+Education&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-582-06429-4&rft.aulast=Frost&rft.aufirst=Robert+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFGammelgaardSørensen1998" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gammelgaard, Frederik; Sørensen, Niels (1998). <i>Danmark – en demokratisk stat</i> (in Danish). Alinea. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-23-00280-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-23-00280-8"><bdi>978-87-23-00280-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Danmark+%E2%80%93+en+demokratisk+stat&rft.pub=Alinea&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-87-23-00280-8&rft.aulast=Gammelgaard&rft.aufirst=Frederik&rft.au=S%C3%B8rensen%2C+Niels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFIsacson2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Isacson, Claes-Göran (2002). <i>Karl X Gustavs krig</i> (in Swedish). Lund: Historiska Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-91-85057-25-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-91-85057-25-2"><bdi>978-91-85057-25-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Karl+X+Gustavs+krig&rft.place=Lund&rft.pub=Historiska+Media&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-91-85057-25-2&rft.aulast=Isacson&rft.aufirst=Claes-G%C3%B6ran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFJørgensen1995" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jørgensen, Gitte (1995). <i>Sådan styres Danmark</i> (in Danish). Flachs. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-7826-031-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-7826-031-4"><bdi>978-87-7826-031-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=S%C3%A5dan+styres+Danmark&rft.pub=Flachs&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-87-7826-031-4&rft.aulast=J%C3%B8rgensen&rft.aufirst=Gitte&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><span class="languageicon">(in Danish)</span> Michaelsen, Karsten Kjer, "Politikens bog om Danmarks oldtid", Politikens Forlag (1. bogklubudgave), 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-00-69328-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-00-69328-9">978-87-00-69328-9</a></li>
<li><span class="languageicon">(in Swedish)</span> Nationalencyklopedin, vol. 4, Bokförlaget Bra Böcker, 2000, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-91-7024-619-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-91-7024-619-7">978-91-7024-619-7</a>.</li></ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denmark&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1097025294">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1097092911">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks">
<div class="side-box-abovebelow">
<b>Denmark</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div>
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<div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Denmark" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Denmark">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Danmark" class="extiw" title="c:Danmark">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Denmark" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Denmark">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Denmark" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Denmark">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Denmark" class="extiw" title="voy:Denmark">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div>
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<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1097025294"/><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right">
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<div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scholia_logo.svg/40px-Scholia_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="39" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scholia_logo.svg/60px-Scholia_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scholia_logo.svg/80px-Scholia_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="107" data-file-height="104" /></div>
<div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Scholia" class="extiw" title="d:Wikidata:Scholia">Scholia</a> has a <i>country</i> profile for <i><b><a href="https://iw.toolforge.org/scholia/country/Q35" class="extiw" title="toolforge:scholia/country/Q35">Denmark</a></b></i>.</div></div>
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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.denmark.dk/">Denmark.dk</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201211054513/http://www.denmark.dk/">Archived</a> 11 December 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/denmark/">Denmark</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>.</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/157748/Denmark">Denmark</a> entry at <i><a href="/wiki/Britannica.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Britannica.com">Britannica.com</a></i>.</li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFGosse1878" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Gosse" title="Edmund Gosse">Gosse, Edmund William</a> (1878). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Denmark"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Denmark">"Denmark" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. VII (9th ed.). pp. 80–94.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Denmark&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=80-94&rft.edition=9th&rft.date=1878&rft.aulast=Gosse&rft.aufirst=Edmund+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFGosse1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Gosse" title="Edmund Gosse">Gosse, Edmund William</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Denmark"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Denmark">"Denmark" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). pp. 23–44.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Denmark&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=23-44&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Gosse&rft.aufirst=Edmund+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFKristiansen1922" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Kristiansen, M. (1922). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Denmark"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1922_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Denmark">"Denmark" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 30 (12th ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Denmark&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=12th&rft.date=1922&rft.aulast=Kristiansen&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADenmark" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curlie.org/Regional/Europe/Denmark">Denmark</a> at <a href="/wiki/Curlie" class="mw-redirect" title="Curlie">Curlie</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17929661">Denmark profile</a> from the <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>.</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=DK">Key Development Forecasts for Denmark</a> from <a href="/wiki/International_Futures" title="International Futures">International Futures</a>.</li></ul>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1061467846">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Denmark_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Denmark_topics" title="Template:Denmark topics"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Denmark_topics" title="Template talk:Denmark topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Denmark_topics&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Denmark_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Denmark</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Denmark-related_articles" title="Index of Denmark-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="Part_of_the_Kingdom_of_Denmark">Part of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kingdom of Denmark</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Denmark" title="History of Denmark">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Denmark" title="Archaeology of Denmark">Archaeology</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Age" title="Viking Age">Viking Age</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kalmar_Union" title="Kalmar Union">Kalmar Union</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Reformation_in_Denmark%E2%80%93Norway_and_Holstein" title="Reformation in Denmark–Norway and Holstein">Reformation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Danevirke" title="Danevirke">Danevirke</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Norway" title="Denmark–Norway">Denmark–Norway</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Danish_colonial_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish colonial empire">Danish Empire</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Danish colonization of the Americas">Colonization of the Americas</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Golden_Age" title="Danish Golden Age">Golden Age</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Monetary_Union" title="Scandinavian Monetary Union">Scandinavian Monetary Union</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Denmark" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Denmark">Postal history</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%A5neland" title="Skåneland">Skånelandene</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Schleswig-Holstein" title="History of Schleswig-Holstein">Slesvig-Holsten</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Schleswig" title="Duchy of Schleswig">Duchy of Schleswig</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Holstein" title="Duchy of Holstein">Duchy of Holstein</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Saxe-Lauenburg#Post-Napoleon" title="Saxe-Lauenburg">Duchy of Lauenburg</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_in_World_War_II" title="Denmark in World War II">World War II</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rescue_of_the_Danish_Jews" title="Rescue of the Danish Jews">Rescue of the Danish Jews</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/National_Coat_of_arms_of_Denmark_no_crown.svg/80px-National_Coat_of_arms_of_Denmark_no_crown.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="88" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/National_Coat_of_arms_of_Denmark_no_crown.svg/120px-National_Coat_of_arms_of_Denmark_no_crown.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/National_Coat_of_arms_of_Denmark_no_crown.svg/160px-National_Coat_of_arms_of_Denmark_no_crown.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="331" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Denmark" title="Geography of Denmark">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Denmark" title="List of birds of Denmark">Birds</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Denmark_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Denmark by population">Cities</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Danish_straits" title="Danish straits">Danish straits</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_Denmark" title="List of extreme points of Denmark">Extreme points</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Denmark" title="Geography of Denmark">Geography</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_forests_in_Denmark" title="List of forests in Denmark">Forests</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Denmark" title="List of islands of Denmark">Islands</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Denmark" title="List of lakes of Denmark">Lakes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Denmark" title="List of mammals of Denmark">Mammals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hills_and_mountains_in_Denmark" title="List of hills and mountains in Denmark">Mountains and hills</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Denmark" title="Regions of Denmark">Regions</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Denmark" title="List of rivers of Denmark">Rivers</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Denmark" title="Politics of Denmark">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Denmark" title="Regions of Denmark">Administrative divisions</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Frederiksen_Cabinet" title="Frederiksen Cabinet">Current cabinet</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Denmark" title="Constitution of Denmark">Constitution</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_Denmark" title="Courts of Denmark">Courts</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Denmark" title="Elections in Denmark">Elections</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Folketing" title="Folketing">Folketing (<span style="font-size:85%;">Danish Parliament</span>)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Denmark" title="Foreign relations of Denmark">Foreign relations</a></li>
<li>Human rights
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Denmark" title="LGBT rights in Denmark">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Denmark" title="Law of Denmark">Law</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Denmark" title="Law enforcement in Denmark">enforcement</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Denmark" title="Monarchy of Denmark">Monarchy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_unity_of_the_Realm" class="mw-redirect" title="The unity of the Realm">The unity of the Realm</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Denmark" title="Prime Minister of Denmark">Prime Minister</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Defence" title="Danish Defence">Military</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Denmark" title="List of political parties in Denmark">Political parties</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Denmark" title="Economy of Denmark">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/OMX_Copenhagen_25" title="OMX Copenhagen 25">OMX Copenhagen 25</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Danish_property_bubble_of_2000s" title="Danish property bubble of 2000s">2000s property bubble</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Denmark" title="Energy in Denmark">Energy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Flexicurity" title="Flexicurity">Flexicurity</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Danish_krone" title="Danish krone">Krone <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Danmarks_Nationalbank" title="Danmarks Nationalbank">National Bank</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_Stock_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Copenhagen Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Denmark" title="Taxation in Denmark">Taxation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Denmark" title="Telecommunications in Denmark">Communications</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Denmark" title="Tourism in Denmark">Tourism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Denmark" title="Transport in Denmark">Transport</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Denmark" title="Category:Society of Denmark">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danes" title="Danes">Danes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Denmark" title="Demographics of Denmark">Demographics</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Denmark" title="Education in Denmark">Education</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Denmark" title="Immigration to Denmark">Immigration</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Denmark" title="Healthcare in Denmark">Health care</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Denmark" title="Languages of Denmark">Languages</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Denmark" title="Culture of Denmark">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_art" title="Danish art">Art</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Denmark" title="Architecture of Denmark">Architecture</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Denmark" title="Cinema of Denmark">Cinema</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Danish_cuisine" title="Danish cuisine">Cuisine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Danish_folklore" title="Danish folklore">Folklore</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Jante" title="Law of Jante">Jante Law</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Danish_literature" title="Danish literature">Literature</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Breakthrough" title="Modern Breakthrough">Modern Breakthrough</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Denmark">Media</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Denmark" title="Music of Denmark">Music</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Danes" title="Danes">People</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Denmark" title="Photography in Denmark">Photography</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Denmark" title="Prostitution in Denmark">Prostitution</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Denmark" title="Public holidays in Denmark">Public holidays</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Denmark" title="Religion in Denmark">Religion</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Denmark" title="Sport in Denmark">Sport</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Denmark" title="Coat of arms of Denmark">Coat of arms</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Denmark" title="Flag of Denmark">Flag</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Der_er_et_yndigt_land" title="Der er et yndigt land">National (civic) anthem</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kong_Christian_stod_ved_h%C3%B8jen_mast" title="Kong Christian stod ved højen mast">Royal anthem</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"/><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Denmark" title="Outline of Denmark">Outline</a></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"/><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Denmark-related_articles" title="Index of Denmark-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Denmark" title="Category:Denmark">Category</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Denmark" title="Portal:Denmark">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_related_to_Denmark" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_related_to_Denmark" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles related to Denmark</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px">
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_dependencies_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sovereign_states_of_Europe" title="Template:Sovereign states of Europe"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sovereign_states_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Sovereign states of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Sovereign_states_of_Europe&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_dependencies_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Europe" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe">Countries and dependencies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a><sup>2</sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a><sup>2</sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a><sup>2</sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Denmark</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a><sup>2</sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a><sup>3</sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a><sup>1</sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a><sup>1</sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe"><img alt="Europe orthographic Caucasus Urals boundary (with borders).svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg/100px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg/150px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg/200px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="536" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited<br />recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a><sup>2</sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Artsakh" title="Republic of Artsakh">Artsakh</a><sup>2</sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a><sup>2</sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a><sup>2</sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent<br />territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Denmark</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a><sup>3</sup>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denmark#Greenland_and_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Denmark">autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a><sup>2</sup> (Sovereign Base Areas)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territory</a>)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Bailiwick of Guernsey</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alderney" title="Alderney">Alderney</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sark" title="Sark">Sark</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Bailiwick of Jersey</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display:inline-block;">Special areas<br />of internal<br />sovereignty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_division" title="Autonomous administrative division">autonomous region</a> subject to the <a href="/wiki/%C3%85land_convention" title="Åland convention">Åland convention</a> of 1921)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Norway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">unincorporated area</a> subject to the <a href="/wiki/Svalbard_Treaty" title="Svalbard Treaty">Svalbard Treaty</a>)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">country of the United Kingdom</a> subject to the <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement" title="Good Friday Agreement">British-Irish Agreement</a>)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><div class="hlist hlist-separated"><ul><li><sup>1</sup> Spans the conventional boundary between Europe and another continent.</li><li><sup>2</sup> Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in Western Asia.</li><li><sup>3</sup> <a href="/wiki/Island#Oceanic_islands" title="Island">Oceanic islands</a> within the vicinity of Europe are usually grouped with the continent even though they are not situated on its continental shelf.</li></ul></div>
<ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Europe" title="Category:Europe">Category</a></b></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="image" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe portal</a></b></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nordic_countries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nordic_countries" title="Template:Nordic countries"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nordic_countries" title="Template talk:Nordic countries"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Nordic_countries&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nordic_countries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nordic_countries" title="Nordic countries">Nordic countries</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Denmark</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Nordic_countries" title="Nordic countries"><img alt="Map of the Nordic countries" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Nordic_countries_orthographic.svg/120px-Nordic_countries_orthographic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Nordic_countries_orthographic.svg/180px-Nordic_countries_orthographic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Nordic_countries_orthographic.svg/240px-Nordic_countries_orthographic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="553" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_division" title="Autonomous administrative division">Autonomous countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg/23px-Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg/35px-Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg/46px-Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="340" /> </span><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/41px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Special status</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cultural_area" title="Cultural area">Cultural area</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Sami_flag.svg/20px-Sami_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Sami_flag.svg/31px-Sami_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Sami_flag.svg/41px-Sami_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="808" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1pmi" title="Sápmi">Sápmi</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_Nordic_countries" title="Climate of the Nordic countries">Climate of the Nordic countries</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_the_Nordic_countries" title="Comparison of the Nordic countries">Comparison of the Nordic countries</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Council" title="Nordic Council">Nordic Council</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Cross_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordic Cross flag">Nordic Cross flag</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_the_Nordic_countries" title="Subdivisions of the Nordic countries">Subdivisions of the Nordic countries</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_in_the_Nordic_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT in the Nordic countries">LGBT in the Nordic countries</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_Nordic_countries" title="List of diplomatic missions of the Nordic countries">Nordic diplomatic missions</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norsemen" title="Norsemen">Norsemen</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_identity_in_Estonia" title="Nordic identity in Estonia">Nordic identity in Estonia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>
<ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Nordic_countries" title="Category:Nordic countries">Category</a></b></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_bordering_the_Baltic_Sea" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_bordering_the_Baltic_Sea" title="Template:Countries bordering the Baltic Sea"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_bordering_the_Baltic_Sea" title="Template talk:Countries bordering the Baltic Sea"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Countries_bordering_the_Baltic_Sea&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_bordering_the_Baltic_Sea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Countries bordering the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Denmark</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>
<ul><li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg/23px-Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg/35px-Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg/46px-Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="340" /> </span><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Lapland_(Finland)" title="Lapland (Finland)">Lapland</a></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>
<ul><li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>
<ul><li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_zachodniopomorskie_flag.svg/23px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_zachodniopomorskie_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_zachodniopomorskie_flag.svg/35px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_zachodniopomorskie_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_zachodniopomorskie_flag.svg/46px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_zachodniopomorskie_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="812" data-file-height="512" /> </span><a href="/wiki/West_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="West Pomeranian Voivodeship">West Pomeranian Voivodeship</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_pomorskie_flag.svg/23px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_pomorskie_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_pomorskie_flag.svg/35px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_pomorskie_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_pomorskie_flag.svg/46px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_pomorskie_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="469" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Pomeranian Voivodeship">Pomeranian Voivodeship</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_warmi%C5%84sko-mazurskie_flag.svg/23px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_warmi%C5%84sko-mazurskie_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_warmi%C5%84sko-mazurskie_flag.svg/35px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_warmi%C5%84sko-mazurskie_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_warmi%C5%84sko-mazurskie_flag.svg/46px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_warmi%C5%84sko-mazurskie_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Warmian-Masurian_Voivodeship" title="Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship">Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship</a></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>
<ul><li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_Kaliningrad_Oblast.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kaliningrad_Oblast.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_Kaliningrad_Oblast.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kaliningrad_Oblast.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_Kaliningrad_Oblast.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kaliningrad_Oblast.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="686" data-file-height="460" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Kaliningrad Oblast">Kaliningrad Oblast</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Leningrad_Oblast.svg/23px-Flag_of_Leningrad_Oblast.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Leningrad_Oblast.svg/35px-Flag_of_Leningrad_Oblast.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Leningrad_Oblast.svg/45px-Flag_of_Leningrad_Oblast.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Leningrad_Oblast" title="Leningrad Oblast">Leningrad Oblast</a></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nordic_Council" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nordic_Council" title="Template:Nordic Council"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nordic_Council" title="Template talk:Nordic Council"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Nordic_Council&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nordic_Council" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Council" title="Nordic Council">Nordic Council</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Denmark</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Nordic_Council_2016.svg" class="image" title="Flag of the Nordic Council"><img alt="Flag of the Nordic Council" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Flag_of_the_Nordic_Council_2016.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Nordic_Council_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Flag_of_the_Nordic_Council_2016.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Nordic_Council_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Flag_of_the_Nordic_Council_2016.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_Nordic_Council_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg/23px-Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg/35px-Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg/46px-Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="340" /> </span><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg/41px-Flag_of_the_Faroe_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Greenland.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greenland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observer / offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Sami_flag.svg/20px-Sami_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Sami_flag.svg/31px-Sami_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Sami_flag.svg/41px-Sami_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="808" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1pmi" title="Sápmi">Sápmi</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Nordic_identity_in_Estonia" title="Nordic identity in Estonia">identity</a>)</span></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Member_states_of_the_European_Union" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="4"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Member_states_of_the_European_Union" title="Template:Member states of the European Union"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Member_states_of_the_European_Union" title="Template talk:Member states of the European Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Member_states_of_the_European_Union&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Member_states_of_the_European_Union" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">Member states</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 2px 0 0"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="image"><img alt="Flag of Europe.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/80px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="53" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/120px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/160px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></div></td><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Denmark</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:European_Union_main_map.svg" class="image"><img alt="European Union main map.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/European_Union_main_map.svg/80px-European_Union_main_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="61" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/European_Union_main_map.svg/120px-European_Union_main_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/European_Union_main_map.svg/160px-European_Union_main_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="520" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="4"><div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Potential enlargement of the European Union">Potential enlargement</a> and <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union" title="Withdrawal from the European Union">Former members</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_European_Economic_Area_(EEA)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Economic_Area_(EEA)" title="Template:European Economic Area (EEA)"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Economic_Area_(EEA)" title="Template talk:European Economic Area (EEA)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:European_Economic_Area_(EEA)&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_European_Economic_Area_(EEA)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">European Economic Area (EEA)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/EFTA_logo2.svg/23px-EFTA_logo2.svg.png" decoding="async" title="no" width="23" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/EFTA_logo2.svg/35px-EFTA_logo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/EFTA_logo2.svg/46px-EFTA_logo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="380" /></span> <a href="/wiki/European_Free_Trade_Association#Membership" title="European Free Trade Association">EFTA member states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Iceland%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Iceland–European Union relations">EU relations</a>)</small></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Liechtenstein–European Union relations">EU relations</a>)</small></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Norway–European Union relations">EU relations</a>)</small></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Agreement_on_the_European_Economic_Area.svg" class="image"><img alt="Agreement on the European Economic Area.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Agreement_on_the_European_Economic_Area.svg/80px-Agreement_on_the_European_Economic_Area.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Agreement_on_the_European_Economic_Area.svg/120px-Agreement_on_the_European_Economic_Area.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Agreement_on_the_European_Economic_Area.svg/160px-Agreement_on_the_European_Economic_Area.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="610" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span> <a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">EU member states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area#Membership" title="European Economic Area">provisional member</a>)</small></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Denmark</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_membership_of_the_European_Economic_Area" title="United Kingdom membership of the European Economic Area">UK membership</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Switzerland–European Union relations">CH–EU relations</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="United Kingdom–European Union relations">UK–EU relations</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Europe&#124;link=Europe_Council_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Council_of_Europe" title="Template:Council of Europe"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Council_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Council of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Council_of_Europe&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Europe&#124;link=Europe_Council_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe"><img alt="Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Secretary General of the Council of Europe">Secretary General</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Ministers_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe">Committee of Ministers</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe">Parliamentary Assembly</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Council_of_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of the Council of Europe">Congress</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">Court of Human Rights</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Commissioner for Human Rights">Commissioner for Human Rights</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/European_Commission_for_the_Efficiency_of_Justice" title="European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice">Commission for the Efficiency of Justice</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/European_Commission_against_Racism_and_Intolerance" title="European Commission against Racism and Intolerance">Commission against Racism and Intolerance</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Venice_Commission" title="Venice Commission">Venice Commission</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Member states of the Council of Europe">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Armenia_in_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Armenia in the Council of Europe">Armenia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_in_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Azerbaijan in the Council of Europe">Azerbaijan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Denmark</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Greece_in_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Greece in the Council of Europe">Greece</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Council of Europe–European Union relations">EU relations</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia (1991–1992)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Russia in the Council of Europe">Russia (1996–2022)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Saar_Protectorate" title="Saar Protectorate">Saar (assoc. 1950–1956)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro">Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="OECD_members" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Member_states_of_the_OECD" title="Template:Member states of the OECD"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Member_states_of_the_OECD" title="Template talk:Member states of the OECD"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Member_states_of_the_OECD&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="OECD_members" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development#Member_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development">OECD members</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development#Member_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development">Member states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Denmark</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> </span><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" />  </span><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applicants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="504" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></li>
<li><span class="flagicon"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> </span><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization" title="Template:North Atlantic Treaty Organization"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization" title="Template talk:North Atlantic Treaty Organization"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background-color:#C3D6EF;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic Treaty Organization">North Atlantic Treaty Organization</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Animus_in_consulendo_liber" title="Animus in consulendo liber">Animus in consulendo liber</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_NATO" title="Flag of NATO">Flag of NATO</a></li>
<li>"<a href="/wiki/The_NATO_Hymn" title="The NATO Hymn">The NATO Hymn</a>"</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NATO_Day" title="NATO Day">NATO Day</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NATO_Medal" title="NATO Medal">NATO Medal</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_NATO" title="History of NATO">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty" title="North Atlantic Treaty">North Atlantic Treaty</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NATO_summit" title="NATO summit">Summits</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NATO_operations" title="List of NATO operations">Operations</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NATO_exercises" title="List of NATO exercises">List of exercises</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_NATO" title="Enlargement of NATO">Enlargement</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_NATO" title="Withdrawal from NATO">potential withdrawal</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_NATO" title="Opposition to NATO">Opposition to NATO</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/.nato" title=".nato">.nato Internet domain</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/Structure_of_NATO" title="Structure of NATO">Structure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/NATO_headquarters" title="NATO headquarters">NATO headquarters</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Council" title="North Atlantic Council">Council</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/International_Staff" title="International Staff">International Staff</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/International_Military_Staff" title="International Military Staff">International Military Staff</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Headquarters_Allied_Powers_Europe" title="Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe">Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Air_Command" title="Allied Air Command">Air Command</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Land_Command" title="Allied Land Command">Land Command</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Maritime_Command" title="Allied Maritime Command">Maritime Command</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Joint_Force_Command_Brunssum" title="Allied Joint Force Command Brunssum">JFC Brunssum</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Joint_Force_Command_Naples" title="Allied Joint Force Command Naples">JFC Naples</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Force_Command_Norfolk" title="Joint Force Command Norfolk">JFC Norfolk</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Support_and_Enabling_Command" title="Joint Support and Enabling Command">Joint Support and Enabling Command</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Striking_and_Support_Forces_NATO" title="Naval Striking and Support Forces NATO">STRIKFORNATO</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Command_Transformation" title="Allied Command Transformation">Allied Command Transformation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NATO_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="NATO Parliamentary Assembly">Parliamentary Assembly</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Standardization_agreement" title="Standardization agreement">Standardization agreement</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_NATO" title="Secretary General of NATO">Secretary General</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chair_of_the_NATO_Military_Committee" title="Chair of the NATO Military Committee">Chair of the Military Committee</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Allied_Commander_Europe" title="Supreme Allied Commander Europe">Supreme Allied Commander Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Command_Transformation#Organization" title="Allied Command Transformation">Supreme Allied Commander Transformation</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_NATO" title="Member states of NATO">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Armed_Forces" title="Albanian Armed Forces">Albania</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Armed_Forces" title="Belgian Armed Forces">Belgium</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Armed_Forces" title="Bulgarian Armed Forces">Bulgaria</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Armed_Forces" title="Canadian Armed Forces">Canada</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Croatia" title="Armed Forces of Croatia">Croatia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Army of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Defence" title="Danish Defence">Denmark</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Defence_Forces" title="Estonian Defence Forces">Estonia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/French_Armed_Forces" title="French Armed Forces">France</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr">Germany</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Armed_Forces" title="Hellenic Armed Forces">Greece</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Defence_Forces" title="Hungarian Defence Forces">Hungary</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Defence_of_Iceland" title="Defence of Iceland">Iceland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Armed_Forces" title="Italian Armed Forces">Italy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_National_Armed_Forces" title="Latvian National Armed Forces">Latvia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Armed_Forces" title="Lithuanian Armed Forces">Lithuania</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Armed_Forces" title="Luxembourg Armed Forces">Luxembourg</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Montenegro" title="Armed Forces of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Armed_Forces" title="Netherlands Armed Forces">Netherlands</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_North_Macedonia" title="Army of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Armed_Forces" title="Norwegian Armed Forces">Norway</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Armed_Forces" title="Polish Armed Forces">Poland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Armed_Forces" title="Portuguese Armed Forces">Portugal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Armed_Forces" title="Romanian Armed Forces">Romania</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Armed_Forces" title="Slovak Armed Forces">Slovakia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Armed_Forces" title="Slovenian Armed Forces">Slovenia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armed_Forces" title="Spanish Armed Forces">Spain</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_in_NATO" title="Turkey in NATO">Turkey</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">United Kingdom</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_NATO" title="Foreign relations of NATO">Multilateral relations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Treaty_Association" title="Atlantic Treaty Association">Atlantic Treaty Association</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NATO_Euro-Atlantic_Disaster_Response_Coordination_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NATO Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Coordination Centre (page does not exist)">Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Coordination Centre</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Euro-Atlantic_Partnership_Council" title="Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council">Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Dialogue" title="Mediterranean Dialogue">Mediterranean Dialogue</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Individual_Partnership_Action_Plan" title="Individual Partnership Action Plan">Individual Partnership Action Plan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul_Cooperation_Initiative" title="Istanbul Cooperation Initiative">Istanbul Cooperation Initiative</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Major_non-NATO_ally" title="Major non-NATO ally">Major non-NATO ally</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NATO_open_door_policy" title="NATO open door policy">Open door policy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Partnership_for_Peace" title="Partnership for Peace">Partnership for Peace</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Russia–NATO relations">Relationship with Russia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Controversy_in_Russia_regarding_the_legitimacy_of_eastward_NATO_expansion" title="Controversy in Russia regarding the legitimacy of eastward NATO expansion">eastward NATO expansion issues</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baghdad_Pact" title="Baghdad Pact">Baghdad Pact</a> (METO/CENTO)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Southeast Asia Treaty Organization">Southeast Asia Treaty Organization</a> (SEATO)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Suwa%C5%82ki_Gap" title="Suwałki Gap">Suwałki Gap</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" class="noprint" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/VIAF_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="VIAF (identifier)">VIAF</a>
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/135958350">1</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/256968302">2</a></span></li></ul></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n79021597/">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National libraries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11863400r">France</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11863400r">(data)</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=23594">Ukraine</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4010877-6">Germany</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007554807005171">Israel</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79021597">United States</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00561386">Japan</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge129115&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1204558/">Faceted Application of Subject Terminology</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/003351">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a href="/wiki/MBAREA_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="MBAREA (identifier)">MusicBrainz</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/4757b525-2a60-324a-b060-578765d2c993">area</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10035775">National Archives (US)</a></span></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SUDOC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SUDOC (identifier)">SUDOC (France)</a>
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026374196">1</a></span></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node ) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp ) | '1663893226' |