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Name of the user account (user_name ) | '50.96.123.50' |
Page ID (page_id ) | 34684 |
Page namespace (page_namespace ) | 0 |
Page title without namespace (page_title ) | '1937' |
Full page title (page_prefixedtitle ) | '1937' |
Action (action ) | 'edit' |
Edit summary/reason (summary ) | '/* February */ ' |
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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext ) | '{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{Year dab|1937}}
{{Year nav|1937}}
{{C20 year in topic}}
__NOTOC__
Year '''1937''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCMXXXVII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Friday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Gregorian calendar]].
== Events ==
=== January ===
[[File:Howard Hughes.jpg|thumb|130px|right| [[January 19]]: [[Howard Hughes]] sets record.]]
* [[January 1]] – [[Anastasio Somoza García]] becomes [[President of Nicaragua]].
* [[January 3]] – The first [[science fiction convention]] is held in [[Leeds]], [[England]].
* [[January 11]] – The first issue of ''[[Look (American magazine)|Look]]'' magazine goes on sale in the United States.
* [[January 19]] – [[Howard Hughes]] establishes a record by flying from [[Los Angeles]] to [[New York City]] in 7 hours, 28 minutes and 25 seconds.
* [[January 20]] – Chief Justice [[Charles Evans Hughes]] swears in [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] for a second term. This is the first time [[Inauguration Day]] in the [[United States]] occurs on that date, on which it has occurred ever since; the change is due to the ratification in 1933 of the [[Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution|20th amendment]] to the U.S. Constitution.
* [[January 23]] – In [[Moscow]], seventeen leading [[Communist]]s go on trial, accused of participating in a plot led by [[Leon Trotsky]] to overthrow [[Joseph Stalin]]'s regime and assassinate its leaders.
* [[January 26]] – The U.S. state of [[Michigan]] celebrates its [[Centennial]] Anniversary of statehood.
* [[January 31]]
** The [[Ohio River]] floods.
** The [[Soviet Union]] executes 31 people for alleged [[Trotskyism]].
=== February ===
* [[February 5]] – U.S President [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Franklin D. Roosevelt]] proposes a plan to enlarge the [[Supreme Court of the United States]].
* [[February 8]] – [[Spanish Civil War]]: Falangist troops take [[Málaga]].
* [[February 8]] –[[February 27]] – [[Spanish Civil War]] – [[Battle of Jarama]]: Nationalist and government troops fight to a stalemate.
* [[February 11]] – A sit-down strike ends when [[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]] recognizes the [[United Auto Workers|United Automobile Workers Union]].
* [[February 16]] – [[Wallace H. Carothers]] receives a [[patent]] for [[nylon]].
* [[February 19]]
** Airliner VH-UHH (''Stinson'') goes down over [[Lamington National Park]], bound for [[Sydney]], killing five people.
** [[Yekatit 12]]: During a public ceremony at the Viceregal Palace (the former Imperial residence) in [[Addis Ababa]], [[Ethiopia]], two [[Eritrea]]n nationalists attempt to kill viceroy [[Rodolfo Graziani]] with a number of grenades. The Italian security guard fire into the crowd of Ethiopian onlookers. Authorities exact further reprisals, which include indiscriminately slaughtering native Ethiopians over the next three days, detaining thousands of Ethiopians in inhospitable conditions at [[Danan, Ethiopia|Danan]] in the [[Ogaden]] and Nokra in the [[Dahlak Archipelago]], and slaughtering almost 300 monks at [[Debre Libanos]] monastery.
* [[February 20]] – [[Roberto María Ortiz|Roberto Ortiz]] is elected president of [[Argentina]].
* [[February 21]] – The [[League of Nations]] [[Non-Intervention Committee]] prohibits foreign nationals from fighting in the [[Spanish Civil War]].
=== March ===
* March – The first issue of the [[comic book]] ''[[Detective Comics]]'' is published in the United States. Twenty-seven issues later, ''Detective Comics'' introduces [[Batman]]. The comic goes on to become the longest continually published comic magazine in American history; it is still published {{as of|lc=y|2012}}.
* [[March 10]] – The Encyclical ''[[Mit brennender Sorge]]'' of [[Pope Pius XI]] is published in Nazi Germany.
* [[March 17]] – The [[Atherton Report]] (private investigator [[Edwin Atherton]]'s report detailing vice and police corruption in San Francisco) is released.
* [[March 18]] – In the worst school disaster in American history in terms of lives lost, the [[New London School explosion|New London School]] in [[New London, Texas]] suffers a catastrophic [[natural gas]] explosion, killing in excess of 295 students and teachers.
* [[March 19]]
** The Encyclical ''[[Divini Redemptoris]]'' of [[Pope Pius XI]] about [[communism]] is published.
** [[Mother Frances Hospital]] opens in [[Tyler, Texas]] in response to the [[New London School explosion]].
* [[March 21]] – The first successful [[flying car (aircraft)|flying car]], [[Waldo Waterman]]'s ''[[Aerobile]]'', makes its initial flight.
* [[March 26]]
** In [[Crystal City, Texas]], [[spinach]] growers erect a statue of the [[cartoon character]] [[Popeye]].
** [[William Henry Hastie]] becomes the first African-American appointed to a federal judgeship .
=== April ===
* [[April 1]] – [[Colony of Aden|Aden]] becomes a British [[crown colony]]. [[Bombing of Jaén|Bombing]] of [[Jaén, Spain]] by Nazi forces
* [[April 9]] – The ''[[Kamikaze (1937 aircraft)|Kamikaze]]'' arrives at [[Croydon Airport]] in [[London]]; it is the first [[Japan]]ese-built aircraft to fly to [[Europe]].
* [[April 12]] – ''[[National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation|NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel]]'': The [[Supreme Court of the United States]] rules that the [[National Labor Relations Act]] is constitutional.
* [[April 17]] – The animated short ''[[Porky's Duck Hunt]]'', directed by [[Tex Avery]] for the [[Looney Tunes]] series, featuring the debut of [[Daffy Duck]], is released.
* [[April 20]] – A fire in an elementary school in [[Kilingi-Nõmme]], [[Estonia]], kills seventeen students and injures fifty.
* [[April 26]] – [[Spanish Civil War]]: [[Bombing of Guernica|Guernica, Spain is bombed]]. In his report of the [[Falangist]] attack on [[Guernica (town)|Guernica]], British journalist [[George Steer]] reports finding [[Germany|German]] bomb casings, connecting [[Luftwaffe]] planes with the attack.
=== May ===
* May
** The [[Dáil Éireann]] passes the Executive Authority (Consequential Provisions) Act, 1937, which abolishes the office of Governor-General of the Irish Free State, retrospectively dated to December [[1936]].
** 17 million unemployed in the [[USA]].
* [[May 1]] – A [[general strike]] occurs in [[Paris]], [[France]].
* [[May 6]] – [[Hindenburg disaster|''Hindenburg'' disaster]]: In the United States, the German [[LZ 129 Hindenburg|airship ''Hindenburg'']] bursts into flame when mooring to a mast in [[Lakehurst, New Jersey]]. Of the [[List of passengers and crew aboard the final flight of LZ 129 Hindenburg|36 passengers and 61 crew on board]], 13 passengers and 22 crew die, as well as one member of the ground crew
* [[May 7]] – [[Spanish Civil War]]: The [[Germany|German]] [[Condor Legion|Condor Legion Fighter Group]], equipped with [[Heinkel He 51]] biplanes, arrives in [[Spain]] to assist [[Francisco Franco]]'s forces.
* [[May 12]] – The coronation of [[George VI of the United Kingdom|King George VI]] and [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother|Queen Elizabeth]] takes place at [[Westminster Abbey]], [[London]].
* [[May 21]]
** A [[Soviet and Russian manned drifting ice stations|Soviet station]] becomes the first scientific research settlement to operate on the [[drift ice]] of the [[Arctic Ocean]].
** As one of the reprisals for the attempted assassination of [[Italy|Italian]] viceroy [[Rodolfo Graziani]], a detachment of Italian troops massacres the entire community of [[Debre Libanos]], killing 297 monks and 23 laymen.
* [[May 27]] – In [[California]], the [[Golden Gate Bridge]] opens to pedestrian traffic, creating a vital link between [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]] and [[Marin County, California|Marin County]]. The next day, President [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Franklin D. Roosevelt]] pushes a button in [[Washington, D.C.]], signaling the start of vehicle traffic over the Golden Gate Bridge.
* [[May 28]] – [[Neville Chamberlain]] becomes [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]].
* [[May 30]]
** [[Spanish Civil War]]: Spanish ship ''Ciudad de Barcelona'' is torpedoed.
** The [[Chicago Police Department]] shoot and kill ten unarmed demonstrators in [[Chicago]] in what is known as the [[Memorial Day massacre of 1937|Memorial Day massacre]].
=== June ===
* [[June 3]] – [[Wallis Simpson]] marries the [[Edward VIII of the United Kingdom|Duke of Windsor, the former Edward VIII of the United Kingdom]], in France.
* [[June 8]]
** The first total [[solar eclipse]] to exceed seven minutes of totality in over 800 years, is visible in the Pacific and Peru.
** [[Carl Orff]]'s ''[[Carmina Burana (Orff)|Carmina Burana]]'' premieres in [[Frankfurt, Germany]].
* [[June 14]] – [[Pennsylvania]] becomes the first (and only) of the [[United States]] to celebrate [[Flag Day]] officially as a [[Public holiday|state holiday]].
* [[June 21]] – The [[coalition government]] of [[Léon Blum]] resigns in [[France]].
* [[June 28]] – [[Civilian Conservation Corps]] (CCC) established in the United States, superseding the Emergency Conservation Work program.
* June – [[Pablo Picasso|Picasso]] completes his painting ''[[Guernica (painting)|Guernica]]''.
* June/July – The [[Dáil Éireann]] debates and passes the draft new [[Constitution of Ireland]], which is then submitted for public approval by [[plebiscite]].
=== July ===
* [[July 1]]
** The [[Gestapo]] arrests pastor [[Martin Niemöller]].
** In a referendum the people of the [[Irish Free State]] accept the new Constitution by 685,105 votes to 527,945.
** First alleged sighting of the [[White River Monster]].
* [[July 2]]
** [[Amelia Earhart]] and navigator [[Fred Noonan]] disappear after taking off from [[New Guinea]] during Earhart's attempt to become the first woman to fly around the world.
** A guard takes his place at the [[Tomb of the Unknowns]] in [[Washington, DC]]; continuous guard has been maintained there ever since.
* [[July 5]] – The highest recorded temperature in [[Canada]], at [[Yellow Grass, Saskatchewan]], is 45°C (113°F).
* [[July 7]] – [[Second Sino-Japanese War|Sino-Japanese War]]: Battle of Lugou Bridge (aka [[Marco Polo Bridge Incident]]): [[Japan]]ese forces invade [[China]] (often seen as the beginning of [[World War II]] in [[Asia]]).
* [[July 11]] – [[George Gershwin]] dies in Los Angeles of a brain tumor, age 38.
* [[July 20]] – The [[Geibeltbad Pirna]] is opened in [[Dresden, Germany]].
* [[July 21]] – [[Éamon de Valera]] is elected [[President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State|President of the Executive Council]] (prime minister) of the [[Irish Free State]] by the [[Dáil]] (parliament).
* [[July 22]] – [[New Deal]]: The [[United States Senate]] votes down President [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s proposal to add more justices to the [[Supreme Court of the United States]].
* [[July 24]] – [[Alabama]] drops [[rape]] charges against the so-called ''[[Scottsboro Boys]]''.
* [[July 25]]–[[July 31]] – [[Second Sino-Japanese War|Sino-Japanese War]]: [[Battle of Beiping-Tianjin]], a series of actions fought around [[Beijing|Beiping]] and [[Tianjin]], resulting in Japanese victory.
* [[July 28]] – The [[Irish Republican Army (1922–1969)|IRA]] attempts the assassination by bomb of [[George VI of the United Kingdom|King George VI]] in [[Belfast]].
=== August ===
* [[August 2]] – The [[1937 Marijuana Tax Act|Marihuana Tax Act]] Pub. 238, 75th Congress, 50 Stat. 551 (Aug. 2, 1937), is a significant bill on the path that will lead to the criminalization of cannabis. It was introduced to U.S. Congress by Commissioner of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, Harry Anslinger. (The Act is now commonly referred to using the modern spelling as the 1937 Marijuana Tax Act.)
* [[August 5]] – The [[Soviet Union]] commences one of the largest campaigns of the [[Great Purge]], to "eliminate anti-Soviet elements". Within the following year, at least 724,000 people are killed on order of the [[NKVD troika|troika]]s, many of them chosen for shooting by their ethnicity{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}}.
* [[August 6]] – [[Spanish Civil War]]: Falangist artillery bombards [[Madrid]].
* [[August 8]] – [[Japan]] occupies [[Beijing]].
* [[August 26]] – [[Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945)|Sino-Japanese War]]: Japanese aircraft attack the car carrying the ambassador of [[Great Britain]] during a raid on [[Shanghai]].
=== September ===
* [[September 2]] – The [[Great Hong Kong Typhoon of 1937|Great Hong Kong Typhoon]] kills an estimated 11,000 persons.
* [[September 5]] – [[Spanish Civil War]]: The city of [[Llanes]] falls to the Falangists.
* [[September 7]] – [[CBS]] broadcasts a two-and-a-half hour memorial concert nationwide on radio in memory of George Gershwin, live from the [[Hollywood Bowl]]. Many celebrities appear, including [[Oscar Levant]], [[Fred Astaire]], [[Otto Klemperer]], [[Lily Pons]], and members of the original cast of ''[[Porgy and Bess]]''. The concert is recorded and released complete years later in what is excellent sound for its time, on [[CD]]. The [[Los Angeles Philharmonic]] is the featured orchestra.
* [[September 17]] – [[Abraham Lincoln]]'s head is dedicated at [[Mount Rushmore]].
* [[September 19]] – [[Switzerland|Swiss]] professional [[ice hockey]] club [[HC Ambrì-Piotta]] founded.
* [[September 21]] – George Allen & Unwin, Ltd. of London publishes the first edition of [[J. R. R. Tolkien]]'s ''[[The Hobbit]]''.
* [[September 25]] – [[Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945)|Sino-Japanese War]]: [[Battle of Pingxingguan]]: The Communist Chinese [[National Revolutionary Army]] defeats the Japanese.
* [[September 26]] – [[Street and Smith Publications]] launches a half-hour radio program, ''[[The Shadow]]'', with [[Orson Welles]] in the title role.
* [[September 27]] – The last [[Bali tiger]] dies.
=== October ===
* [[October 1]]
** The [[1937 Marihuana Tax Act|Marihuana Tax Act]] becomes law in the United States.
** [[U.S. Supreme Court]] associate justice [[Hugo Black]], in a nationwide radio broadcast, refutes allegations of past involvement in the [[Ku Klux Klan]].
* [[October 3]] – [[Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945)|Sino-Japanese War]]: Japanese troops advance toward [[Nanking]].
* [[October 4]] – [[Rabotnicki Skopje]] is established as a football club .
* [[October 5]] – [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Roosevelt]] gives his famous ''[[Quarantine Speech]]'' in [[Chicago]].
* [[October 13]] – [[Germany]], in a note to [[Brussels]], guarantees the inviolability and integrity of [[Belgium]] so long as the latter abstains from military action against Germany.
* [[October 15]] – [[Ernest Hemingway]]'s novel ''[[To Have and Have Not]]'' is first published.
* [[October 18]]–[[October 21]] – [[Spanish Civil War]]: The whole Spanish northern seaboard falls into the Falangists' hands; [[Second Spanish Republic|Republic]]an forces in [[Gijon]], [[Spain]], set fire to petrol reserves prior to retreating before the advancing [[Falangists]].
* [[October 25]] – [[Celal Bayar]] forms the new (ninth) government of Turkey.
=== November ===
* [[November 3]] – Underdog [[Maurice J. Tobin]] resoundingly defeats former governor and mayor [[James Michael Curley]] in a Boston mayoral election that shocks the political establishment.
* [[November 5]]
** [[Spanish Civil War]] – 35,000 Republican supporters are massacred in Piedrafita de Babia, near [[León, León|León]].
** [[World War II]]: In the [[Reich Chancellery]], [[Adolf Hitler]] holds a secret meeting and states his plans for acquiring "living space" for the [[Germany|German]] people (recorded in the [[Hossbach Memorandum]]).
* [[November 6]] – [[Italy]] joins the [[Anti-Comintern Pact]].
* [[November 9]] – [[Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945)|Sino-Japanese War]]: [[Japan]]ese troops take [[Shanghai]].
* [[November 10]] – Brazilian president [[Getúlio Vargas]] announces the [[Estado Novo (Brazil)|Estado Novo]] ("New State"), thence becoming [[dictator]] of [[Brazil]] until 1945.
* [[November 11]] – The Kogushi sulfur mine collapse, in western [[Gunma]], Japan, kills at least 245 people.
=== December ===
* [[December 4]] – ''[[The Dandy]]'' [[comic book|comic]] is first published in [[Scotland]]; it will still be running {{as of|lc=y|2011}}.
* [[December 11]] – [[Italy]] withdraws from the [[League of Nations]].
* [[December 12]]
** [[USS Panay incident|USS ''Panay'' incident]]: Japanese bombers sink the American gunboat {{USS|Panay|PR-5|6}}.
** [[Mae West]] makes a risque guest appearance on the [[NBC]] ''Chase and Sanborn Hour'' that eventually results in her being banned from radio.
* [[December 13]] – [[Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945)|Sino-Japanese War]]: The [[Battle of Nanjing]] ends and the [[Nanjing Massacre]] begins. Japanese troops slaughter over 300,000 civilians and prisoners over three months.
* [[December 16]] – The original production of the musical ''[[Me and My Girl]]'' opens at the [[West End theatre|West End]] [[Victoria Palace Theatre]] in London. A later revival of this musical would win an award.
* [[December 21]] – [[Walt Disney]]'s ''[[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]]'', the world's first full-length [[animated]] feature, premieres at the Carthay Circle Theatre.
* [[December 25]] – At the age of 70, legendary conductor [[Arturo Toscanini]] conducts the [[NBC Symphony Orchestra]] on [[radio]] for the first time, beginning his successful 17-year tenure with that orchestra. This first concert consists of music by [[Vivaldi]] (at a time when he was still seldom played), [[Mozart]], and [[Brahms]]. Millions tune in to listen, including U.S. President [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]].
* [[December 29]] – The new [[Constitution of Ireland]] (''Bunreacht na hÉireann'') comes into force. The [[Irish Free State]] becomes "[[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]", and [[Éamon de Valera]] becomes the first [[Taoiseach]] (prime minister) of the new state. A [[Presidential Commission (Ireland)|Presidential Commission]] (made up the Chief Justice, the Speaker of Dáil Éireann, and the President of the High Court) assumes the powers of the new presidency, pending the popular election of the first [[President of Ireland]] in June [[1938]]. The new constitution prohibits [[divorce]].
=== Date unknown ===
* [[Switzerland]] begins construction of its [[Border Line (Switzerland)|Border Line]] defences.
* The [[Vibora Luviminda]] trades union's sugar plantation strike on [[Maui]] island, [[Hawaii]].
* [[Jimmie Angel]] lands his plane on top of Devil's Mountain; however, the plane gets damaged and he has to trek through the rainforest for help.
* Italian psychiatrist [[Amarro Fiamberti]] is the first to document a transorbital approach to the brain, which becomes the basis for the controversial medical procedure of [[transorbital lobotomy]].
* ''[[Of Mice and Men]]'' by [[John Steinbeck]] is published.
* [[Soviet]] industry produces about four times as much as it had in [[1928]].
== Births ==
=== January–February ===
* [[January 1]] – [[Anne Aubrey]], British actress
* [[January 4]] – [[Dyan Cannon]], American actress
* [[January 6]]
** [[Paolo Conte]], Italian singer, Pianist and Composer
** [[Underwood Dudley]], American mathematician
** [[Nida Blanca]], Filipina actress (d. [[2001]])
* [[January 8]] – [[Shirley Bassey]], Welsh singer
* [[January 13]] – [[George Reisman]], American economist
* [[January 14]] – [[Ken Higgs]], English cricketer
* [[January 15]] – [[Margaret O'Brien]], American actress
* [[January 18]]
** [[John Hume]], Northern Irish politician, [[Nobel Peace Prize]] laureate
** [[Yukio Endo (gymnast)|Yukio Endo]], Japanese gymnast (d. [[2009]])
* [[January 19]] – [[Giovanna Marini]], Italian singer-songwriter
* [[January 21]] – [[Prince Max, Duke in Bavaria]], heir to the Bavarian Royal House
* [[January 22]] – [[Joseph Wambaugh]], American author
* [[January 25]] – [[Ange-Felix Patasse]], former [[President of Central African Republic]] (d. [[2011]])
* [[January 27]] – [[John Ogdon]], English pianist (d. [[1989]])
* [[January 29]] – [[Bobby Scott]], American musician, producer and songwriter (d. [[1990]])
* [[January 30]]
** [[Vanessa Redgrave]], English actress
** [[Boris Spassky]], Russian chess grandmaster
* [[January 31]]
** [[Suzanne Pleshette]], American actress (d. [[2008]])
** [[Philip Glass]], American composer
* [[February 1]]
** [[Garrett Morris]], American comedian
** [[Don Everly]], American rock 'n' roll musician
* [[February 2]]
** [[Tom Smothers]], American musician and comedian
** [[Magic Sam]], American musician (d. [[1969]])
** [[Remak Ramsay]], American actor
* [[February 3]] – [[Billy Meier]], Swiss Prophet
* [[February 4]] – [[Magnar Solberg]], Norwegian biathlete
* [[February 8]] – [[Manfred Krug]], German actor and singer
* [[February 9]]
** [[Francis William Lawvere]], American [[Mathematics|mathematician]]
** [[Robert Walker (musician)|Robert "Bilbo" Walker Jr.]], American [[blues]] [[guitar]]ist
* [[February 10]] – [[Roberta Flack]], American soul singer
* [[February 11]] – [[Bill Lawry]], Australian cricketer
* [[February 12]] – [[Charles Dumas]], American athlete
* [[February 13]] – [[Rupiah Banda]], [[President of Zambia]]
* [[February 20]]
** [[George Leonardos]], Greek journalist and author
** [[Robert Huber]], German chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate
** [[Roger Penske]], American race car driver
** [[Nancy Wilson (jazz singer)|Nancy Wilson]], American singer
* [[February 21]] – King [[Harald V of Norway]]
* [[February 25]] – [[Tom Courtenay]], English actor
=== March–April ===
* [[March 2]] – [[Abdelaziz Bouteflika]], [[President of Algeria]]
* [[March 4]]
** [[Graham Dowling]], New Zealand cricketer
** [[Leslie Gelb]], American president of the Council on Foreign Relations
** [[Yuri Senkevich]], Russian cosmonaut (d. [[2003]])
** [[Barney Wilen]], French jazz saxophonist (d. [[1996]])
* [[March 5]] – [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], former [[President of Nigeria]]
* [[March 6]] – [[Valentina Tereshkova]], Russian cosmonaut, first woman in space
* [[March 8]] – [[Juvénal Habyarimana]], [[President of Rwanda]] (d. [[1994]])
* [[March 9]] – [[Harry Neale]], Canadian ice hockey coach and broadcaster
* [[March 17]] – [[Frank Calabrese, Sr.]], American Gangster in the Chicago Outfit
* [[March 20]] – [[Jerry Reed]], American country musician (d. [[2008]])
* [[March 22]] – [[Armin Hary]], German athlete
* [[March 23]] – [[Craig Breedlove]], American race car driver
* [[March 27]] – [[Thomas Aquinas Daly]], American painter
* [[March 30]] – [[Warren Beatty]], American actor and director
* [[April 5]] – [[Colin Powell]], [[U.S. Secretary of State]]
* [[April 6]]
** [[Merle Haggard]], American country musician
** [[Billy Dee Williams]], American actor
* [[April 7]] – [[Louise and Charmian Faulkner disappearance|Louise Faulkner]], missing Australian woman
* [[April 9]] – [[Valerie Singleton]], English television presenter
* [[April 10]] – [[Bella Akhmadulina]], Russian poet (d. [[2010]])
* [[April 16]] – [[George "The Animal" Steele]], American professional wrestler
* [[April 17]] – [[Ferdinand Piech]], Austrian engineer and business magnate
* [[April 18]] – [[Jan Kaplický]], British architect of Czech origin
* [[April 19]]
** [[Elinor Donahue]], American actress
** [[Joseph Estrada]], former [[President of the Philippines]]
* [[April 20]] – [[George Takei]], American actor
* [[April 22]] – [[Jack Nicholson]], American actor
* [[April 24]] – [[Rafi' Daham Al-Tikriti]], director of the Iraqi Intelligence Service
* [[April 27]]
** [[Robin Eames]], Northern Irish clergyman
** [[Sandy Dennis]], American actress (d. [[1992]])
* [[April 28]] – [[Saddam Hussein]], [[President of Iraq]] (d. [[2006]])
* [[April 29]] – [[Jill Paton Walsh]], English novelist
=== May–June ===
* [[May 1]] – [[Una Stubbs]], British actress
* [[May 2]] – [[Gisela Elsner]], German writer
* [[May 3]]
** [[Frankie Valli]], American musician
** [[Hans Cieslarczyk]], German football player
* [[May 4]] – [[Ron Carter]], American jazz musician
* [[May 5]] – [[Tran Duc Luong]], [[President of Vietnam]]
* [[May 6]] – [[Rubin Carter|Rubin 'Hurricane' Carter]], American boxer
* [[May 8]]
** [[Thomas Pynchon]], American writer
** [[Carlos Gaviria Díaz]], Colombian justice and politician
* [[May 12]] – [[George Carlin]], American comedian (d. [[2008]])
* [[May 13]]
** [[Roch Carrier]], Canadian writer
** [[Roger Zelazny]], American writer (d. [[1995]])
** [[Trevor Baylis]], English inventor
* [[May 15]]
** [[Madeleine Albright]], [[U.S. Secretary of State]]
** [[Trini Lopez]], American musician
* [[May 16]] – [[Yvonne Craig]], American actress
* [[May 17]] – [[Hazel R. O'Leary]], [[U.S. Secretary of Energy]]
* [[May 18]] – [[Jacques Santer]], Luxembourg politician, [[President of the European Council]]
* [[May 21]]
** [[John Fairfax]], British ocean rower
** [[Sofiko Chiaureli]], Georgian actress (d. [[2008]])
** [[Mengistu Haile Mariam]], former [[President of Ethiopia]]
* [[May 24]] – [[Roger Peterson (pilot)|Roger Peterson]], pilot who flew the plane on [[The Day the Music Died]] (d. [[1959]])
* [[June 1]] – [[Morgan Freeman]], American actor
* [[June 2]] – [[Sally Kellerman]], American actress (''MASH'')
* [[June 3]]
** [[Phyllis Baker]], American professional baseball player (d. [[2006]])
** [[Solomon P. Ortiz]], U.S. Congressman from Texas
* [[June 4]] – [[Gorilla Monsoon]], American professional wrestler and announcer (d. [[1999]])
* [[June 7]] – [[Neeme Järvi]], Estonian conductor
* [[June 8]] – [[Toni Harper]], American child singer
* [[June 9]] – [[Harald Rosenthal]], German biologist
* [[June 10]] – [[Luciana Paluzzi]], Italian actress
* [[June 11]] – [[Robin Warren]], Australian pathologist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]]
* [[June 15]]
** [[Waylon Jennings]], American country singer (d. [[2002]])
** [[Alan Thornett]], British Trotskyist activist
* [[June 16]] – [[Charmian May]], British actress (d. [[2002]])
* [[June 18]]
** [[Wray Carlton]], American football player
** [[Vitaly Zholobov]], Soviet cosmonaut
* [[June 23]] – [[Martti Ahtisaari]], [[President of Finland]]
* [[June 25]] – [[Keizo Obuchi]], [[Prime Minister of Japan]] (d. [[2000]])
* [[June 26]] – [[Robert Coleman Richardson]], American physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate
* [[June 28]] – [[Ron Luciano]], American baseball umpire and writer (d. [[1995]])
=== July–August ===
*[[July 3]] – [[Richard Petty]], seven-time [[NASCAR Winston Cup]] champion
* [[July 4]] – [[Queen Sonja of Norway|Sonja Haraldsen]], Queen of Norway and wife to King [[Harald V of Norway]]
* [[July 6]]
** [[Vladimir Ashkenazy]], Russian pianist
** [[Ned Beatty]], American actor
* [[July 7]] – [[Tung Chee-Hwa]], Hong Kong administrator
* [[July 9]] – [[David Hockney]], English-born artist
* [[July 12]]
** [[Lionel Jospin]], [[Prime Minister of France]]
** [[Bill Cosby]], American actor and comedian
* [[July 14]] – [[Yoshiro Mori]], Japanese politician
* [[July 18]]
** [[Roald Hoffmann]], Polish-born chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate
** [[Hunter S. Thompson]], American author and journalist (d. [[2005]])
* [[July 20]] – [[Ken Ogata]], Japanese actor (d. [[2008]])
* [[July 27]]
** [[Don Galloway]], American actor (d. [[2009]])
** [[Anna Dawson]], British actress
* [[July 29]] – [[Daniel McFadden]], American economist, [[Nobel Prize in Economics|Nobel Prize]] laureate
* [[August 2]] – [[Coenraad Bron]], Dutch Computer Scientist
* [[August 4]] – [[David Bedford]], American musician
* [[August 5]] – [[Herb Brooks]], American hockey coach (d. [[2003]])
* [[August 6]] – [[Barbara Windsor]], English actress
* [[August 8]] – [[Dustin Hoffman]], American actor
* [[August 14]] – [[Alberta Nelson]], American actress (d. [[2006]])
* [[August 16]] – [[David Anderson (British Columbia politician)|David Anderson]], Canadian politician
* [[August 18]]
** [[Willie Rushton]], English comedian and cartoonist (d. [[1996]])
** [[Jean Alingué Bawoyeu]], [[Chad]]ian politician and former Prime Minister
* [[August 20]]
** [[Jim Bowen]], English stand-up comedian and TV personality
** [[Jean-Louis Petit]], French composer, conductor and organist
* [[August 21]]
** [[Donald Dewar]], [[First Minister of Scotland]] (d. [[2000]])
** [[Robert Stone (novelist)|Robert Stone]], American novelist
** [[Chuck Traynor]], American pornographer (d. [[2002]])
* [[August 26]] – [[Gennady Yanayev]], former Soviet leader (d. [[2010]])
* [[August 29]] – [[James Florio]], Governor of New Jersey
* [[August 30]] – [[Bruce McLaren]], Founder of McLaren Racing
* [[August 31]] – [[Bobby Parker (guitarist)]], from USA
=== September–October ===
* [[September 4]]
** [[Dawn Fraser]], Australian swimmer
** [[Mikk Mikiver]], Estonian actor and director (d. [[2006]])
* [[September 5]] – [[William Devane]], American actor
* [[September 6]]
** [[Kirtanananda Swami]] Bhaktipada (Keith Gordon Ham), [[International Society for Krishna Consciousness|Hare Krishna]] guru
** [[Jo Anne Worley]], American comedienne
* [[September 7]] – [[Cüneyt Arkın]], Turkish film actor
* [[September 11]] – [[Paola Ruffo di Calabria]], Queen of the Belgians
* [[September 15]]
** [[Robert Lucas, Jr.]], American economist, [[Nobel Prize in Economics|Nobel Prize]] laureate
** [[Fernando de la Rúa]], [[President of Argentina]]
* [[September 16]] – [[Keith Bosley]], British broadcaster (retired), poet and translator
* [[September 17]] – [[Ilarion Ionescu-Galati]] Romanian conductor
* [[September 19]] – [[Abner Haynes]], American football player
* [[September 28]] – [[Rod Roddy]], American television announcer (d. [[2003]])
* [[October 2]] – [[Johnnie Cochran]], American attorney (d. [[2005]])
* [[October 4]]
** [[Jackie Collins]], English author
** [[Franz Vranitzky]], former [[Chancellor of Austria]]
* [[October 5]] – [[Barry Switzer]], American football coach
* [[October 10]] – [[Bobby Charlton]], English footballer
* [[October 15]] – [[Linda Lavin]], American actress (''Alice'')
* [[October 17]] – [[Paxton Whitehead]], English actor
* [[October 23]] – [[Carlos Lamarca]], Brazilian military turned guerrilla leader (d. [[1971]])
* [[October 28]] – [[Lenny Wilkens]], American basketball player and coach
=== November–December ===
* [[November 1]] – [[Bill Anderson (country music)|"Whisperin" Bill Anderson]], American country music singer-songwriter and game show host
* [[November 2]] – [[Earl Carroll (vocalist)|Earl Carroll]], American lead vocalist for [[The Cadillacs]]
* [[November 4]] – [[Michael Wilson (politician)|Michael Wilson]], Canadian politician and diplomat
* [[November 5]]
** [[Chan Sek Keong]], [[Chief Justice of Singapore]]
** [[Harris Yulin]], American actor
* [[November 6]] – [[Joe Warfield]], American actor
* [[November 8]] – [[Paul Foot|Paul Mackintosh Foot]], British journalist
* [[November 10]] – [[Zdenek Zikan]], Czech football player
* [[November 11]] – [[Stephen Lewis]], Canadian politician and diplomat
* [[November 17]]
**[[Peter Cook]], English comedian and writer (d. [[1995]])
**[[Manuel Félix López]], Ecuadorian politician (d. [[2004]])
* [[November 20]] – [[Ruth Laredo]], American pianist (d. 2005)
* [[November 21]] – [[Ingrid Pitt]], Polish-born British actress (d. [[2010]])
* [[November 26]] – [[Boris Yegorov]], Russian cosmonaut (d. [[1994]])
* [[December 1]]
** [[Chuck Low]], American actor
** [[Vaira Vike Freiberga]], former [[President of Latvia]]
* [[December 3]] – [[Bobby Allison]], American race car driver
* [[December 7]] – [[Kenneth Colley]], English actor
* [[December 8]]
** [[Michael Bowen (artist)|Michael Bowen]], American artist (d. [[2009]])
** [[James MacArthur]], American actor (d. [[2010]])
** [[Arne Næss Jr.]], Norwegian mountaineer and businessman (d. [[2004]])
* [[December 9]] – [[Darwin Joston]], American actor (d. [[1998]])
* [[December 11]] – [[Jim Harrison]], American writer
* [[December 15]] – [[Donald Goines]], American novelist (d. [[1973]])
* [[December 17]] – [[Kerry Packer]], Australian businessman (d. [[2005]])
* [[December 21]] – [[Jane Fonda]], American actress and social activist
* [[December 26]]
** [[John Horton Conway|Professor John Horton Conway]], mathematician
** [[Gnassingbe Eyadema]], [[President of Togo]] (d. [[2005]])
* [[December 28]] – [[Ratan Tata]], Indian industrialist
* [[December 29]]
** [[Maumoon Abdul Gayoom]], [[President of the Maldives]] (1978–2008)
** [[Barbara Steele]], British actress
* [[December 30]]
** [[Gordon Banks]], English footballer
** [[John Hartford]], American musician and composer (d. [[2001]])
** [[Jim Marshall (American football)|Jim Marshall]], American football player
** [[Noel Paul Stookey]], American singer ([[Peter, Paul and Mary]])
* [[December 31]]
** [[Avram Hershko]], Israeli biologist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]]
** [[Anthony Hopkins]], Welsh actor
== Date unknown ==
* [[Cathie Jung]], owner of the smallest waist on a living person (measuring just 15 in.).
== Deaths ==
=== January–March ===
* [[January 2]] – [[Ross Alexander]], American actor (b. [[1907]])
* [[January 6]] – [[André Besette]], Canadian religious leader (b. [[1845]])
* [[January 17]] – [[Richard Boleslavsky]], Polish film director (b. [[1889]])
* [[January 23]] – [[Marie Prevost]], Canadian actress (b. [[1898]])
* [[February 5]] – [[Lou Andreas-Salome]], Russian-born writer (b. [[1861]])
* [[February 7]] – [[Elihu Root]], American statesman and diplomat, recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (b. [[1845]])
* [[February 11]] – [[Walter Burley Griffin]], American architect and town planner (b. [[1876]])
* [[February 24]] – [[Guy Standing]], British actor (b. [[1873]])
* [[February 27]] – [[Charles Donnelly (poet)|Charles Donnelly]], Irish poet (b. [[1915]])
* [[March 8]] – [[Howie Morenz]], Canadian ice hockey player (b. [[1902]])
* [[March 9]] – [[Paul Elmer More]], American critic and essayist (b. [[1864]])
* [[March 11]] – [[Joseph S. Cullinan]], American oil industrialist, founder of ''[[Texaco]]'' (b. [[1860]])
* [[March 12]] – [[Charles-Marie Widor]], French organist and composer (b. [[1840]])
* [[March 15]] – [[H. P. Lovecraft]], American writer (b. [[1890]])
* [[March 17]] – [[Austen Chamberlain]], English statesman, recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (b. [[1863]])
* [[March 20]] – [[Harry Vardon]], English golf professional (b. [[1870]])
* [[March 22]] – [[Alfred Dyke Acland]], British military officer (b. [[1858]])
* [[March 29]] – [[Karol Szymanowski]], Polish composer (b. [[1882]])
=== April–June ===
* [[April 10]] – [[Ralph Ince]], American film director (b. [[1887]])
* [[April 19]] – [[William Martin Conway]], British art critic and mountaineer (b. [[1856]])
* [[April 21]] – [[Saima Harmaja]], Finnish poet (b. [[1913]])
* [[April 22]] – [[Arthur Edmund Carewe]], Armenian-American actor (b. [[1884]])
* [[April 24]] – [[Lucy Beaumont]], English actress (b. [[1873]])
* [[April 25]] – [[Michał Drzymała]], Polish rebel (b. [[1857]])
* [[April 27]] – [[Antonio Gramsci]], Italian Communist writer and politician (b. [[1891]])
* [[April 29]] – [[William Gillette]], American actor (b. [[1853]])
* [[May 1]] – [[Snitz Edwards]], Hungarian actor (b. [[1868]])
* [[May 4]] – [[Noel Rosa]], Brazilian songwriter (b. [[1910]])
* [[May 23]] – [[John D. Rockefeller]], American industrialist and philanthropist (b. [[1839]])
* [[May 25]] – [[Henry Ossawa Tanner]], American Artist (b. [[1859]])
* [[May 28]] – [[Alfred Adler]], Austrian psychologist (b. [[1870]])
* [[June 2]] – [[Louis Vierne]], French composer (b. [[1870]])
* [[June 7]] – [[Jean Harlow]], American film actress (b. [[1911]])
* [[June 10]] – [[Robert Laird Borden]], eighth [[Prime Minister of Canada]] (b. [[1854]])
* [[June 18]] – [[Gaston Doumergue]], French Prime Minister (b. [[1863]])
* [[June 19]] – [[J. M. Barrie]], Scottish novelist and dramatist (b. [[1860]])
* [[June 25]] – [[Colin Clive]], British actor (b. [[1900]])
=== July–September ===
* [[July 9]] – [[Oliver Law]], American labor organizer and Army officer (killed in battle) (b. [[1899]])
* [[July 11]] – [[George Gershwin]], American composer (b. [[1898]])
* [[July 13]] – [[Victor Laloux]], French architect (b. [[1850]])
* [[July 18]] – [[Julian Bell]], English poet (b. [[1908]])
* [[July 20]] – [[Guglielmo Marconi]], Italian-born inventor (b. [[1874]])
* [[August 11]] – [[Edith Wharton]], American writer (b. [[1862]])
* [[August 27]] – [[Andrew W. Mellon]], American banker and U.S. Secretary of the Treasury (b. [[1855]])
* [[September 2]] – [[Pierre de Coubertin]], French founder of the modern Olympic Games (b. [[1863]])
* [[September 13]] – [[Ellis Parker Butler]], American humorist (b. [[1869]])
* [[September 14]] – [[Tomas Masaryk]], Czechoslovak president (b. [[1850]])
* [[September 21]] – [[Osgood Perkins]], American actor (b. [[1892]])
* [[September 22]] – [[Ruth Roland]], American actress (b. [[1892]])
* [[September 26]] – [[Bessie Smith]], African-American singer (b. [[1894]])
* [[September 29]] – [[Ray Ewry]], American athlete (b. [[1873]])
=== October–December ===
* [[October 16]] – [[Jean de Brunhoff]], French writer (b. [[1899]])
* [[October 17]] – [[J. Bruce Ismay]], English businessman (b. [[1862]])
* [[October 19]] – [[Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson]], New Zealand physicist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] (b. [[1871]])
* [[October 26]] – [[Józef Dowbor-Muśnicki]], Polish general (b. [[1867]])
* [[November 6]] – [[Johnston Forbes-Robertson]], British stage actor (b. [[1853]])
* [[November 9]] – [[Ramsay MacDonald]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] (b. [[1866]])
* [[November 13]] – Caroline Louise Dudley (aka [[Mrs. Leslie Carter]]), stage & screen actress (b. [[1862]])
* [[November 17]] – [[Jack Worrall]], Australian cricketer and coach (b. [[1860]])
* [[November 23]]
** [[Jagdish Chandra Bose]], Indian physicist (b. [[1858]])
** [[George Albert Boulenger]], Belgian naturalist (b. [[1858]])
* [[December 9]] – [[Gustaf Dalén]], Swedish physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1869]])
* [[December 12]] – [[Alfred Abel]], German actor (b. [[1879]])
* [[December 20]] – [[Erich Ludendorff]], German general (b. [[1865]])
* [[December 21]]
** [[Ted Healy]], American actor (b. [[1896]])
** [[Frank B. Kellogg]], [[United States Secretary of State]], recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (b. [[1856]])
* [[December 25]] – [[Newton D. Baker]], [[United States Secretary of War]] (b. [[1871]])
* [[December 28]] – [[Maurice Ravel]], French composer (''Bolero'') (b. [[1875]])
* [[December 30]] – [[Hans Niels Andersen]], Danish businessman, founder of the [[East Asiatic Company]] (b. [[1852]])
== Nobel Prizes ==
[[File:Nobel medal dsc06171.png|right|100px]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]] – [[Clinton Joseph Davisson]], [[George Paget Thomson]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]] – [[Walter Haworth]], [[Paul Karrer]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Physiology or Medicine]] – [[Albert Szent-Györgyi|Albert von Szent-Györgyi Nagyrapolt]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature]] – [[Roger Martin du Gard]]
* [[Nobel Peace Prize|Peace]] – [[Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood|Robert Cecil]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
*[http://xroads.virginia.edu/~1930s2/Time/1937/1937fr.html The 1930s Timeline: 1937] – from American Studies Programs at The University of Virginia
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New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext ) | '{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{Year dab|1937}}
{{Year nav|1937}}
{{C20 year in topic}}
__NOTOC__
Year '''1937''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCMXXXVII]]''') was a [[common year starting on Friday]] (link will display the full calendar) of the [[Gregorian calendar]].
== Events ==
=== January ===
[[File:Howard Hughes.jpg|thumb|130px|right| [[January 19]]: [[Howard Hughes]] sets record.]]
* [[January 1]] – [[Anastasio Somoza García]] becomes [[President of Nicaragua]].
* [[January 3]] – The first [[science fiction convention]] is held in [[Leeds]], [[England]].
* [[January 11]] – The first issue of ''[[Look (American magazine)|Look]]'' magazine goes on sale in the United States.
* [[January 19]] – [[Howard Hughes]] establishes a record by flying from [[Los Angeles]] to [[New York City]] in 7 hours, 28 minutes and 25 seconds.
* [[January 20]] – Chief Justice [[Charles Evans Hughes]] swears in [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] for a second term. This is the first time [[Inauguration Day]] in the [[United States]] occurs on that date, on which it has occurred ever since; the change is due to the ratification in 1933 of the [[Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution|20th amendment]] to the U.S. Constitution.
* [[January 23]] – In [[Moscow]], seventeen leading [[Communist]]s go on trial, accused of participating in a plot led by [[Leon Trotsky]] to overthrow [[Joseph Stalin]]'s regime and assassinate its leaders.
* [[January 26]] – The U.S. state of [[Michigan]] celebrates its [[Centennial]] Anniversary of statehood.
* [[January 31]]
** The [[Ohio River]] floods.
** The [[Soviet Union]] executes 31 people for alleged [[Trotskyism]].
=== dfdfgfsdgfdsgfdsgsdg i did ur mom slaughtering native Ethiopians over the next three days, detaining thousands of Ethiopians in inhospitable conditions at [[Danan, Ethiopia|Danan]] in the [[Ogaden]] and Nokra in the [[Dahlak Archipelago]], and slaughtering almost 300 monks at [[Debre Libanos]] monastery.
* [[February 20]] – [[Roberto María Ortiz|Roberto Ortiz]] is elected president of [[Argentina]].
* [[February 21]] – The [[League of Nations]] [[Non-Intervention Committee]] prohibits foreign nationals from fighting in the [[Spanish Civil War]].
=== March ===
* March – The first issue of the [[comic book]] ''[[Detective Comics]]'' is published in the United States. Twenty-seven issues later, ''Detective Comics'' introduces [[Batman]]. The comic goes on to become the longest continually published comic magazine in American history; it is still published {{as of|lc=y|2012}}.
* [[March 10]] – The Encyclical ''[[Mit brennender Sorge]]'' of [[Pope Pius XI]] is published in Nazi Germany.
* [[March 17]] – The [[Atherton Report]] (private investigator [[Edwin Atherton]]'s report detailing vice and police corruption in San Francisco) is released.
* [[March 18]] – In the worst school disaster in American history in terms of lives lost, the [[New London School explosion|New London School]] in [[New London, Texas]] suffers a catastrophic [[natural gas]] explosion, killing in excess of 295 students and teachers.
* [[March 19]]
** The Encyclical ''[[Divini Redemptoris]]'' of [[Pope Pius XI]] about [[communism]] is published.
** [[Mother Frances Hospital]] opens in [[Tyler, Texas]] in response to the [[New London School explosion]].
* [[March 21]] – The first successful [[flying car (aircraft)|flying car]], [[Waldo Waterman]]'s ''[[Aerobile]]'', makes its initial flight.
* [[March 26]]
** In [[Crystal City, Texas]], [[spinach]] growers erect a statue of the [[cartoon character]] [[Popeye]].
** [[William Henry Hastie]] becomes the first African-American appointed to a federal judgeship .
=== April ===
* [[April 1]] – [[Colony of Aden|Aden]] becomes a British [[crown colony]]. [[Bombing of Jaén|Bombing]] of [[Jaén, Spain]] by Nazi forces
* [[April 9]] – The ''[[Kamikaze (1937 aircraft)|Kamikaze]]'' arrives at [[Croydon Airport]] in [[London]]; it is the first [[Japan]]ese-built aircraft to fly to [[Europe]].
* [[April 12]] – ''[[National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation|NLRB v. Jones & Laughlin Steel]]'': The [[Supreme Court of the United States]] rules that the [[National Labor Relations Act]] is constitutional.
* [[April 17]] – The animated short ''[[Porky's Duck Hunt]]'', directed by [[Tex Avery]] for the [[Looney Tunes]] series, featuring the debut of [[Daffy Duck]], is released.
* [[April 20]] – A fire in an elementary school in [[Kilingi-Nõmme]], [[Estonia]], kills seventeen students and injures fifty.
* [[April 26]] – [[Spanish Civil War]]: [[Bombing of Guernica|Guernica, Spain is bombed]]. In his report of the [[Falangist]] attack on [[Guernica (town)|Guernica]], British journalist [[George Steer]] reports finding [[Germany|German]] bomb casings, connecting [[Luftwaffe]] planes with the attack.
=== May ===
* May
** The [[Dáil Éireann]] passes the Executive Authority (Consequential Provisions) Act, 1937, which abolishes the office of Governor-General of the Irish Free State, retrospectively dated to December [[1936]].
** 17 million unemployed in the [[USA]].
* [[May 1]] – A [[general strike]] occurs in [[Paris]], [[France]].
* [[May 6]] – [[Hindenburg disaster|''Hindenburg'' disaster]]: In the United States, the German [[LZ 129 Hindenburg|airship ''Hindenburg'']] bursts into flame when mooring to a mast in [[Lakehurst, New Jersey]]. Of the [[List of passengers and crew aboard the final flight of LZ 129 Hindenburg|36 passengers and 61 crew on board]], 13 passengers and 22 crew die, as well as one member of the ground crew
* [[May 7]] – [[Spanish Civil War]]: The [[Germany|German]] [[Condor Legion|Condor Legion Fighter Group]], equipped with [[Heinkel He 51]] biplanes, arrives in [[Spain]] to assist [[Francisco Franco]]'s forces.
* [[May 12]] – The coronation of [[George VI of the United Kingdom|King George VI]] and [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother|Queen Elizabeth]] takes place at [[Westminster Abbey]], [[London]].
* [[May 21]]
** A [[Soviet and Russian manned drifting ice stations|Soviet station]] becomes the first scientific research settlement to operate on the [[drift ice]] of the [[Arctic Ocean]].
** As one of the reprisals for the attempted assassination of [[Italy|Italian]] viceroy [[Rodolfo Graziani]], a detachment of Italian troops massacres the entire community of [[Debre Libanos]], killing 297 monks and 23 laymen.
* [[May 27]] – In [[California]], the [[Golden Gate Bridge]] opens to pedestrian traffic, creating a vital link between [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]] and [[Marin County, California|Marin County]]. The next day, President [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Franklin D. Roosevelt]] pushes a button in [[Washington, D.C.]], signaling the start of vehicle traffic over the Golden Gate Bridge.
* [[May 28]] – [[Neville Chamberlain]] becomes [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]].
* [[May 30]]
** [[Spanish Civil War]]: Spanish ship ''Ciudad de Barcelona'' is torpedoed.
** The [[Chicago Police Department]] shoot and kill ten unarmed demonstrators in [[Chicago]] in what is known as the [[Memorial Day massacre of 1937|Memorial Day massacre]].
=== June ===
* [[June 3]] – [[Wallis Simpson]] marries the [[Edward VIII of the United Kingdom|Duke of Windsor, the former Edward VIII of the United Kingdom]], in France.
* [[June 8]]
** The first total [[solar eclipse]] to exceed seven minutes of totality in over 800 years, is visible in the Pacific and Peru.
** [[Carl Orff]]'s ''[[Carmina Burana (Orff)|Carmina Burana]]'' premieres in [[Frankfurt, Germany]].
* [[June 14]] – [[Pennsylvania]] becomes the first (and only) of the [[United States]] to celebrate [[Flag Day]] officially as a [[Public holiday|state holiday]].
* [[June 21]] – The [[coalition government]] of [[Léon Blum]] resigns in [[France]].
* [[June 28]] – [[Civilian Conservation Corps]] (CCC) established in the United States, superseding the Emergency Conservation Work program.
* June – [[Pablo Picasso|Picasso]] completes his painting ''[[Guernica (painting)|Guernica]]''.
* June/July – The [[Dáil Éireann]] debates and passes the draft new [[Constitution of Ireland]], which is then submitted for public approval by [[plebiscite]].
=== July ===
* [[July 1]]
** The [[Gestapo]] arrests pastor [[Martin Niemöller]].
** In a referendum the people of the [[Irish Free State]] accept the new Constitution by 685,105 votes to 527,945.
** First alleged sighting of the [[White River Monster]].
* [[July 2]]
** [[Amelia Earhart]] and navigator [[Fred Noonan]] disappear after taking off from [[New Guinea]] during Earhart's attempt to become the first woman to fly around the world.
** A guard takes his place at the [[Tomb of the Unknowns]] in [[Washington, DC]]; continuous guard has been maintained there ever since.
* [[July 5]] – The highest recorded temperature in [[Canada]], at [[Yellow Grass, Saskatchewan]], is 45°C (113°F).
* [[July 7]] – [[Second Sino-Japanese War|Sino-Japanese War]]: Battle of Lugou Bridge (aka [[Marco Polo Bridge Incident]]): [[Japan]]ese forces invade [[China]] (often seen as the beginning of [[World War II]] in [[Asia]]).
* [[July 11]] – [[George Gershwin]] dies in Los Angeles of a brain tumor, age 38.
* [[July 20]] – The [[Geibeltbad Pirna]] is opened in [[Dresden, Germany]].
* [[July 21]] – [[Éamon de Valera]] is elected [[President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State|President of the Executive Council]] (prime minister) of the [[Irish Free State]] by the [[Dáil]] (parliament).
* [[July 22]] – [[New Deal]]: The [[United States Senate]] votes down President [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s proposal to add more justices to the [[Supreme Court of the United States]].
* [[July 24]] – [[Alabama]] drops [[rape]] charges against the so-called ''[[Scottsboro Boys]]''.
* [[July 25]]–[[July 31]] – [[Second Sino-Japanese War|Sino-Japanese War]]: [[Battle of Beiping-Tianjin]], a series of actions fought around [[Beijing|Beiping]] and [[Tianjin]], resulting in Japanese victory.
* [[July 28]] – The [[Irish Republican Army (1922–1969)|IRA]] attempts the assassination by bomb of [[George VI of the United Kingdom|King George VI]] in [[Belfast]].
=== August ===
* [[August 2]] – The [[1937 Marijuana Tax Act|Marihuana Tax Act]] Pub. 238, 75th Congress, 50 Stat. 551 (Aug. 2, 1937), is a significant bill on the path that will lead to the criminalization of cannabis. It was introduced to U.S. Congress by Commissioner of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, Harry Anslinger. (The Act is now commonly referred to using the modern spelling as the 1937 Marijuana Tax Act.)
* [[August 5]] – The [[Soviet Union]] commences one of the largest campaigns of the [[Great Purge]], to "eliminate anti-Soviet elements". Within the following year, at least 724,000 people are killed on order of the [[NKVD troika|troika]]s, many of them chosen for shooting by their ethnicity{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}}.
* [[August 6]] – [[Spanish Civil War]]: Falangist artillery bombards [[Madrid]].
* [[August 8]] – [[Japan]] occupies [[Beijing]].
* [[August 26]] – [[Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945)|Sino-Japanese War]]: Japanese aircraft attack the car carrying the ambassador of [[Great Britain]] during a raid on [[Shanghai]].
=== September ===
* [[September 2]] – The [[Great Hong Kong Typhoon of 1937|Great Hong Kong Typhoon]] kills an estimated 11,000 persons.
* [[September 5]] – [[Spanish Civil War]]: The city of [[Llanes]] falls to the Falangists.
* [[September 7]] – [[CBS]] broadcasts a two-and-a-half hour memorial concert nationwide on radio in memory of George Gershwin, live from the [[Hollywood Bowl]]. Many celebrities appear, including [[Oscar Levant]], [[Fred Astaire]], [[Otto Klemperer]], [[Lily Pons]], and members of the original cast of ''[[Porgy and Bess]]''. The concert is recorded and released complete years later in what is excellent sound for its time, on [[CD]]. The [[Los Angeles Philharmonic]] is the featured orchestra.
* [[September 17]] – [[Abraham Lincoln]]'s head is dedicated at [[Mount Rushmore]].
* [[September 19]] – [[Switzerland|Swiss]] professional [[ice hockey]] club [[HC Ambrì-Piotta]] founded.
* [[September 21]] – George Allen & Unwin, Ltd. of London publishes the first edition of [[J. R. R. Tolkien]]'s ''[[The Hobbit]]''.
* [[September 25]] – [[Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945)|Sino-Japanese War]]: [[Battle of Pingxingguan]]: The Communist Chinese [[National Revolutionary Army]] defeats the Japanese.
* [[September 26]] – [[Street and Smith Publications]] launches a half-hour radio program, ''[[The Shadow]]'', with [[Orson Welles]] in the title role.
* [[September 27]] – The last [[Bali tiger]] dies.
=== October ===
* [[October 1]]
** The [[1937 Marihuana Tax Act|Marihuana Tax Act]] becomes law in the United States.
** [[U.S. Supreme Court]] associate justice [[Hugo Black]], in a nationwide radio broadcast, refutes allegations of past involvement in the [[Ku Klux Klan]].
* [[October 3]] – [[Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945)|Sino-Japanese War]]: Japanese troops advance toward [[Nanking]].
* [[October 4]] – [[Rabotnicki Skopje]] is established as a football club .
* [[October 5]] – [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Roosevelt]] gives his famous ''[[Quarantine Speech]]'' in [[Chicago]].
* [[October 13]] – [[Germany]], in a note to [[Brussels]], guarantees the inviolability and integrity of [[Belgium]] so long as the latter abstains from military action against Germany.
* [[October 15]] – [[Ernest Hemingway]]'s novel ''[[To Have and Have Not]]'' is first published.
* [[October 18]]–[[October 21]] – [[Spanish Civil War]]: The whole Spanish northern seaboard falls into the Falangists' hands; [[Second Spanish Republic|Republic]]an forces in [[Gijon]], [[Spain]], set fire to petrol reserves prior to retreating before the advancing [[Falangists]].
* [[October 25]] – [[Celal Bayar]] forms the new (ninth) government of Turkey.
=== November ===
* [[November 3]] – Underdog [[Maurice J. Tobin]] resoundingly defeats former governor and mayor [[James Michael Curley]] in a Boston mayoral election that shocks the political establishment.
* [[November 5]]
** [[Spanish Civil War]] – 35,000 Republican supporters are massacred in Piedrafita de Babia, near [[León, León|León]].
** [[World War II]]: In the [[Reich Chancellery]], [[Adolf Hitler]] holds a secret meeting and states his plans for acquiring "living space" for the [[Germany|German]] people (recorded in the [[Hossbach Memorandum]]).
* [[November 6]] – [[Italy]] joins the [[Anti-Comintern Pact]].
* [[November 9]] – [[Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945)|Sino-Japanese War]]: [[Japan]]ese troops take [[Shanghai]].
* [[November 10]] – Brazilian president [[Getúlio Vargas]] announces the [[Estado Novo (Brazil)|Estado Novo]] ("New State"), thence becoming [[dictator]] of [[Brazil]] until 1945.
* [[November 11]] – The Kogushi sulfur mine collapse, in western [[Gunma]], Japan, kills at least 245 people.
=== December ===
* [[December 4]] – ''[[The Dandy]]'' [[comic book|comic]] is first published in [[Scotland]]; it will still be running {{as of|lc=y|2011}}.
* [[December 11]] – [[Italy]] withdraws from the [[League of Nations]].
* [[December 12]]
** [[USS Panay incident|USS ''Panay'' incident]]: Japanese bombers sink the American gunboat {{USS|Panay|PR-5|6}}.
** [[Mae West]] makes a risque guest appearance on the [[NBC]] ''Chase and Sanborn Hour'' that eventually results in her being banned from radio.
* [[December 13]] – [[Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945)|Sino-Japanese War]]: The [[Battle of Nanjing]] ends and the [[Nanjing Massacre]] begins. Japanese troops slaughter over 300,000 civilians and prisoners over three months.
* [[December 16]] – The original production of the musical ''[[Me and My Girl]]'' opens at the [[West End theatre|West End]] [[Victoria Palace Theatre]] in London. A later revival of this musical would win an award.
* [[December 21]] – [[Walt Disney]]'s ''[[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]]'', the world's first full-length [[animated]] feature, premieres at the Carthay Circle Theatre.
* [[December 25]] – At the age of 70, legendary conductor [[Arturo Toscanini]] conducts the [[NBC Symphony Orchestra]] on [[radio]] for the first time, beginning his successful 17-year tenure with that orchestra. This first concert consists of music by [[Vivaldi]] (at a time when he was still seldom played), [[Mozart]], and [[Brahms]]. Millions tune in to listen, including U.S. President [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]].
* [[December 29]] – The new [[Constitution of Ireland]] (''Bunreacht na hÉireann'') comes into force. The [[Irish Free State]] becomes "[[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]", and [[Éamon de Valera]] becomes the first [[Taoiseach]] (prime minister) of the new state. A [[Presidential Commission (Ireland)|Presidential Commission]] (made up the Chief Justice, the Speaker of Dáil Éireann, and the President of the High Court) assumes the powers of the new presidency, pending the popular election of the first [[President of Ireland]] in June [[1938]]. The new constitution prohibits [[divorce]].
=== Date unknown ===
* [[Switzerland]] begins construction of its [[Border Line (Switzerland)|Border Line]] defences.
* The [[Vibora Luviminda]] trades union's sugar plantation strike on [[Maui]] island, [[Hawaii]].
* [[Jimmie Angel]] lands his plane on top of Devil's Mountain; however, the plane gets damaged and he has to trek through the rainforest for help.
* Italian psychiatrist [[Amarro Fiamberti]] is the first to document a transorbital approach to the brain, which becomes the basis for the controversial medical procedure of [[transorbital lobotomy]].
* ''[[Of Mice and Men]]'' by [[John Steinbeck]] is published.
* [[Soviet]] industry produces about four times as much as it had in [[1928]].
== Births ==
=== January–February ===
* [[January 1]] – [[Anne Aubrey]], British actress
* [[January 4]] – [[Dyan Cannon]], American actress
* [[January 6]]
** [[Paolo Conte]], Italian singer, Pianist and Composer
** [[Underwood Dudley]], American mathematician
** [[Nida Blanca]], Filipina actress (d. [[2001]])
* [[January 8]] – [[Shirley Bassey]], Welsh singer
* [[January 13]] – [[George Reisman]], American economist
* [[January 14]] – [[Ken Higgs]], English cricketer
* [[January 15]] – [[Margaret O'Brien]], American actress
* [[January 18]]
** [[John Hume]], Northern Irish politician, [[Nobel Peace Prize]] laureate
** [[Yukio Endo (gymnast)|Yukio Endo]], Japanese gymnast (d. [[2009]])
* [[January 19]] – [[Giovanna Marini]], Italian singer-songwriter
* [[January 21]] – [[Prince Max, Duke in Bavaria]], heir to the Bavarian Royal House
* [[January 22]] – [[Joseph Wambaugh]], American author
* [[January 25]] – [[Ange-Felix Patasse]], former [[President of Central African Republic]] (d. [[2011]])
* [[January 27]] – [[John Ogdon]], English pianist (d. [[1989]])
* [[January 29]] – [[Bobby Scott]], American musician, producer and songwriter (d. [[1990]])
* [[January 30]]
** [[Vanessa Redgrave]], English actress
** [[Boris Spassky]], Russian chess grandmaster
* [[January 31]]
** [[Suzanne Pleshette]], American actress (d. [[2008]])
** [[Philip Glass]], American composer
* [[February 1]]
** [[Garrett Morris]], American comedian
** [[Don Everly]], American rock 'n' roll musician
* [[February 2]]
** [[Tom Smothers]], American musician and comedian
** [[Magic Sam]], American musician (d. [[1969]])
** [[Remak Ramsay]], American actor
* [[February 3]] – [[Billy Meier]], Swiss Prophet
* [[February 4]] – [[Magnar Solberg]], Norwegian biathlete
* [[February 8]] – [[Manfred Krug]], German actor and singer
* [[February 9]]
** [[Francis William Lawvere]], American [[Mathematics|mathematician]]
** [[Robert Walker (musician)|Robert "Bilbo" Walker Jr.]], American [[blues]] [[guitar]]ist
* [[February 10]] – [[Roberta Flack]], American soul singer
* [[February 11]] – [[Bill Lawry]], Australian cricketer
* [[February 12]] – [[Charles Dumas]], American athlete
* [[February 13]] – [[Rupiah Banda]], [[President of Zambia]]
* [[February 20]]
** [[George Leonardos]], Greek journalist and author
** [[Robert Huber]], German chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate
** [[Roger Penske]], American race car driver
** [[Nancy Wilson (jazz singer)|Nancy Wilson]], American singer
* [[February 21]] – King [[Harald V of Norway]]
* [[February 25]] – [[Tom Courtenay]], English actor
=== March–April ===
* [[March 2]] – [[Abdelaziz Bouteflika]], [[President of Algeria]]
* [[March 4]]
** [[Graham Dowling]], New Zealand cricketer
** [[Leslie Gelb]], American president of the Council on Foreign Relations
** [[Yuri Senkevich]], Russian cosmonaut (d. [[2003]])
** [[Barney Wilen]], French jazz saxophonist (d. [[1996]])
* [[March 5]] – [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], former [[President of Nigeria]]
* [[March 6]] – [[Valentina Tereshkova]], Russian cosmonaut, first woman in space
* [[March 8]] – [[Juvénal Habyarimana]], [[President of Rwanda]] (d. [[1994]])
* [[March 9]] – [[Harry Neale]], Canadian ice hockey coach and broadcaster
* [[March 17]] – [[Frank Calabrese, Sr.]], American Gangster in the Chicago Outfit
* [[March 20]] – [[Jerry Reed]], American country musician (d. [[2008]])
* [[March 22]] – [[Armin Hary]], German athlete
* [[March 23]] – [[Craig Breedlove]], American race car driver
* [[March 27]] – [[Thomas Aquinas Daly]], American painter
* [[March 30]] – [[Warren Beatty]], American actor and director
* [[April 5]] – [[Colin Powell]], [[U.S. Secretary of State]]
* [[April 6]]
** [[Merle Haggard]], American country musician
** [[Billy Dee Williams]], American actor
* [[April 7]] – [[Louise and Charmian Faulkner disappearance|Louise Faulkner]], missing Australian woman
* [[April 9]] – [[Valerie Singleton]], English television presenter
* [[April 10]] – [[Bella Akhmadulina]], Russian poet (d. [[2010]])
* [[April 16]] – [[George "The Animal" Steele]], American professional wrestler
* [[April 17]] – [[Ferdinand Piech]], Austrian engineer and business magnate
* [[April 18]] – [[Jan Kaplický]], British architect of Czech origin
* [[April 19]]
** [[Elinor Donahue]], American actress
** [[Joseph Estrada]], former [[President of the Philippines]]
* [[April 20]] – [[George Takei]], American actor
* [[April 22]] – [[Jack Nicholson]], American actor
* [[April 24]] – [[Rafi' Daham Al-Tikriti]], director of the Iraqi Intelligence Service
* [[April 27]]
** [[Robin Eames]], Northern Irish clergyman
** [[Sandy Dennis]], American actress (d. [[1992]])
* [[April 28]] – [[Saddam Hussein]], [[President of Iraq]] (d. [[2006]])
* [[April 29]] – [[Jill Paton Walsh]], English novelist
=== May–June ===
* [[May 1]] – [[Una Stubbs]], British actress
* [[May 2]] – [[Gisela Elsner]], German writer
* [[May 3]]
** [[Frankie Valli]], American musician
** [[Hans Cieslarczyk]], German football player
* [[May 4]] – [[Ron Carter]], American jazz musician
* [[May 5]] – [[Tran Duc Luong]], [[President of Vietnam]]
* [[May 6]] – [[Rubin Carter|Rubin 'Hurricane' Carter]], American boxer
* [[May 8]]
** [[Thomas Pynchon]], American writer
** [[Carlos Gaviria Díaz]], Colombian justice and politician
* [[May 12]] – [[George Carlin]], American comedian (d. [[2008]])
* [[May 13]]
** [[Roch Carrier]], Canadian writer
** [[Roger Zelazny]], American writer (d. [[1995]])
** [[Trevor Baylis]], English inventor
* [[May 15]]
** [[Madeleine Albright]], [[U.S. Secretary of State]]
** [[Trini Lopez]], American musician
* [[May 16]] – [[Yvonne Craig]], American actress
* [[May 17]] – [[Hazel R. O'Leary]], [[U.S. Secretary of Energy]]
* [[May 18]] – [[Jacques Santer]], Luxembourg politician, [[President of the European Council]]
* [[May 21]]
** [[John Fairfax]], British ocean rower
** [[Sofiko Chiaureli]], Georgian actress (d. [[2008]])
** [[Mengistu Haile Mariam]], former [[President of Ethiopia]]
* [[May 24]] – [[Roger Peterson (pilot)|Roger Peterson]], pilot who flew the plane on [[The Day the Music Died]] (d. [[1959]])
* [[June 1]] – [[Morgan Freeman]], American actor
* [[June 2]] – [[Sally Kellerman]], American actress (''MASH'')
* [[June 3]]
** [[Phyllis Baker]], American professional baseball player (d. [[2006]])
** [[Solomon P. Ortiz]], U.S. Congressman from Texas
* [[June 4]] – [[Gorilla Monsoon]], American professional wrestler and announcer (d. [[1999]])
* [[June 7]] – [[Neeme Järvi]], Estonian conductor
* [[June 8]] – [[Toni Harper]], American child singer
* [[June 9]] – [[Harald Rosenthal]], German biologist
* [[June 10]] – [[Luciana Paluzzi]], Italian actress
* [[June 11]] – [[Robin Warren]], Australian pathologist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]]
* [[June 15]]
** [[Waylon Jennings]], American country singer (d. [[2002]])
** [[Alan Thornett]], British Trotskyist activist
* [[June 16]] – [[Charmian May]], British actress (d. [[2002]])
* [[June 18]]
** [[Wray Carlton]], American football player
** [[Vitaly Zholobov]], Soviet cosmonaut
* [[June 23]] – [[Martti Ahtisaari]], [[President of Finland]]
* [[June 25]] – [[Keizo Obuchi]], [[Prime Minister of Japan]] (d. [[2000]])
* [[June 26]] – [[Robert Coleman Richardson]], American physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate
* [[June 28]] – [[Ron Luciano]], American baseball umpire and writer (d. [[1995]])
=== July–August ===
*[[July 3]] – [[Richard Petty]], seven-time [[NASCAR Winston Cup]] champion
* [[July 4]] – [[Queen Sonja of Norway|Sonja Haraldsen]], Queen of Norway and wife to King [[Harald V of Norway]]
* [[July 6]]
** [[Vladimir Ashkenazy]], Russian pianist
** [[Ned Beatty]], American actor
* [[July 7]] – [[Tung Chee-Hwa]], Hong Kong administrator
* [[July 9]] – [[David Hockney]], English-born artist
* [[July 12]]
** [[Lionel Jospin]], [[Prime Minister of France]]
** [[Bill Cosby]], American actor and comedian
* [[July 14]] – [[Yoshiro Mori]], Japanese politician
* [[July 18]]
** [[Roald Hoffmann]], Polish-born chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate
** [[Hunter S. Thompson]], American author and journalist (d. [[2005]])
* [[July 20]] – [[Ken Ogata]], Japanese actor (d. [[2008]])
* [[July 27]]
** [[Don Galloway]], American actor (d. [[2009]])
** [[Anna Dawson]], British actress
* [[July 29]] – [[Daniel McFadden]], American economist, [[Nobel Prize in Economics|Nobel Prize]] laureate
* [[August 2]] – [[Coenraad Bron]], Dutch Computer Scientist
* [[August 4]] – [[David Bedford]], American musician
* [[August 5]] – [[Herb Brooks]], American hockey coach (d. [[2003]])
* [[August 6]] – [[Barbara Windsor]], English actress
* [[August 8]] – [[Dustin Hoffman]], American actor
* [[August 14]] – [[Alberta Nelson]], American actress (d. [[2006]])
* [[August 16]] – [[David Anderson (British Columbia politician)|David Anderson]], Canadian politician
* [[August 18]]
** [[Willie Rushton]], English comedian and cartoonist (d. [[1996]])
** [[Jean Alingué Bawoyeu]], [[Chad]]ian politician and former Prime Minister
* [[August 20]]
** [[Jim Bowen]], English stand-up comedian and TV personality
** [[Jean-Louis Petit]], French composer, conductor and organist
* [[August 21]]
** [[Donald Dewar]], [[First Minister of Scotland]] (d. [[2000]])
** [[Robert Stone (novelist)|Robert Stone]], American novelist
** [[Chuck Traynor]], American pornographer (d. [[2002]])
* [[August 26]] – [[Gennady Yanayev]], former Soviet leader (d. [[2010]])
* [[August 29]] – [[James Florio]], Governor of New Jersey
* [[August 30]] – [[Bruce McLaren]], Founder of McLaren Racing
* [[August 31]] – [[Bobby Parker (guitarist)]], from USA
=== September–October ===
* [[September 4]]
** [[Dawn Fraser]], Australian swimmer
** [[Mikk Mikiver]], Estonian actor and director (d. [[2006]])
* [[September 5]] – [[William Devane]], American actor
* [[September 6]]
** [[Kirtanananda Swami]] Bhaktipada (Keith Gordon Ham), [[International Society for Krishna Consciousness|Hare Krishna]] guru
** [[Jo Anne Worley]], American comedienne
* [[September 7]] – [[Cüneyt Arkın]], Turkish film actor
* [[September 11]] – [[Paola Ruffo di Calabria]], Queen of the Belgians
* [[September 15]]
** [[Robert Lucas, Jr.]], American economist, [[Nobel Prize in Economics|Nobel Prize]] laureate
** [[Fernando de la Rúa]], [[President of Argentina]]
* [[September 16]] – [[Keith Bosley]], British broadcaster (retired), poet and translator
* [[September 17]] – [[Ilarion Ionescu-Galati]] Romanian conductor
* [[September 19]] – [[Abner Haynes]], American football player
* [[September 28]] – [[Rod Roddy]], American television announcer (d. [[2003]])
* [[October 2]] – [[Johnnie Cochran]], American attorney (d. [[2005]])
* [[October 4]]
** [[Jackie Collins]], English author
** [[Franz Vranitzky]], former [[Chancellor of Austria]]
* [[October 5]] – [[Barry Switzer]], American football coach
* [[October 10]] – [[Bobby Charlton]], English footballer
* [[October 15]] – [[Linda Lavin]], American actress (''Alice'')
* [[October 17]] – [[Paxton Whitehead]], English actor
* [[October 23]] – [[Carlos Lamarca]], Brazilian military turned guerrilla leader (d. [[1971]])
* [[October 28]] – [[Lenny Wilkens]], American basketball player and coach
=== November–December ===
* [[November 1]] – [[Bill Anderson (country music)|"Whisperin" Bill Anderson]], American country music singer-songwriter and game show host
* [[November 2]] – [[Earl Carroll (vocalist)|Earl Carroll]], American lead vocalist for [[The Cadillacs]]
* [[November 4]] – [[Michael Wilson (politician)|Michael Wilson]], Canadian politician and diplomat
* [[November 5]]
** [[Chan Sek Keong]], [[Chief Justice of Singapore]]
** [[Harris Yulin]], American actor
* [[November 6]] – [[Joe Warfield]], American actor
* [[November 8]] – [[Paul Foot|Paul Mackintosh Foot]], British journalist
* [[November 10]] – [[Zdenek Zikan]], Czech football player
* [[November 11]] – [[Stephen Lewis]], Canadian politician and diplomat
* [[November 17]]
**[[Peter Cook]], English comedian and writer (d. [[1995]])
**[[Manuel Félix López]], Ecuadorian politician (d. [[2004]])
* [[November 20]] – [[Ruth Laredo]], American pianist (d. 2005)
* [[November 21]] – [[Ingrid Pitt]], Polish-born British actress (d. [[2010]])
* [[November 26]] – [[Boris Yegorov]], Russian cosmonaut (d. [[1994]])
* [[December 1]]
** [[Chuck Low]], American actor
** [[Vaira Vike Freiberga]], former [[President of Latvia]]
* [[December 3]] – [[Bobby Allison]], American race car driver
* [[December 7]] – [[Kenneth Colley]], English actor
* [[December 8]]
** [[Michael Bowen (artist)|Michael Bowen]], American artist (d. [[2009]])
** [[James MacArthur]], American actor (d. [[2010]])
** [[Arne Næss Jr.]], Norwegian mountaineer and businessman (d. [[2004]])
* [[December 9]] – [[Darwin Joston]], American actor (d. [[1998]])
* [[December 11]] – [[Jim Harrison]], American writer
* [[December 15]] – [[Donald Goines]], American novelist (d. [[1973]])
* [[December 17]] – [[Kerry Packer]], Australian businessman (d. [[2005]])
* [[December 21]] – [[Jane Fonda]], American actress and social activist
* [[December 26]]
** [[John Horton Conway|Professor John Horton Conway]], mathematician
** [[Gnassingbe Eyadema]], [[President of Togo]] (d. [[2005]])
* [[December 28]] – [[Ratan Tata]], Indian industrialist
* [[December 29]]
** [[Maumoon Abdul Gayoom]], [[President of the Maldives]] (1978–2008)
** [[Barbara Steele]], British actress
* [[December 30]]
** [[Gordon Banks]], English footballer
** [[John Hartford]], American musician and composer (d. [[2001]])
** [[Jim Marshall (American football)|Jim Marshall]], American football player
** [[Noel Paul Stookey]], American singer ([[Peter, Paul and Mary]])
* [[December 31]]
** [[Avram Hershko]], Israeli biologist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]]
** [[Anthony Hopkins]], Welsh actor
== Date unknown ==
* [[Cathie Jung]], owner of the smallest waist on a living person (measuring just 15 in.).
== Deaths ==
=== January–March ===
* [[January 2]] – [[Ross Alexander]], American actor (b. [[1907]])
* [[January 6]] – [[André Besette]], Canadian religious leader (b. [[1845]])
* [[January 17]] – [[Richard Boleslavsky]], Polish film director (b. [[1889]])
* [[January 23]] – [[Marie Prevost]], Canadian actress (b. [[1898]])
* [[February 5]] – [[Lou Andreas-Salome]], Russian-born writer (b. [[1861]])
* [[February 7]] – [[Elihu Root]], American statesman and diplomat, recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (b. [[1845]])
* [[February 11]] – [[Walter Burley Griffin]], American architect and town planner (b. [[1876]])
* [[February 24]] – [[Guy Standing]], British actor (b. [[1873]])
* [[February 27]] – [[Charles Donnelly (poet)|Charles Donnelly]], Irish poet (b. [[1915]])
* [[March 8]] – [[Howie Morenz]], Canadian ice hockey player (b. [[1902]])
* [[March 9]] – [[Paul Elmer More]], American critic and essayist (b. [[1864]])
* [[March 11]] – [[Joseph S. Cullinan]], American oil industrialist, founder of ''[[Texaco]]'' (b. [[1860]])
* [[March 12]] – [[Charles-Marie Widor]], French organist and composer (b. [[1840]])
* [[March 15]] – [[H. P. Lovecraft]], American writer (b. [[1890]])
* [[March 17]] – [[Austen Chamberlain]], English statesman, recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (b. [[1863]])
* [[March 20]] – [[Harry Vardon]], English golf professional (b. [[1870]])
* [[March 22]] – [[Alfred Dyke Acland]], British military officer (b. [[1858]])
* [[March 29]] – [[Karol Szymanowski]], Polish composer (b. [[1882]])
=== April–June ===
* [[April 10]] – [[Ralph Ince]], American film director (b. [[1887]])
* [[April 19]] – [[William Martin Conway]], British art critic and mountaineer (b. [[1856]])
* [[April 21]] – [[Saima Harmaja]], Finnish poet (b. [[1913]])
* [[April 22]] – [[Arthur Edmund Carewe]], Armenian-American actor (b. [[1884]])
* [[April 24]] – [[Lucy Beaumont]], English actress (b. [[1873]])
* [[April 25]] – [[Michał Drzymała]], Polish rebel (b. [[1857]])
* [[April 27]] – [[Antonio Gramsci]], Italian Communist writer and politician (b. [[1891]])
* [[April 29]] – [[William Gillette]], American actor (b. [[1853]])
* [[May 1]] – [[Snitz Edwards]], Hungarian actor (b. [[1868]])
* [[May 4]] – [[Noel Rosa]], Brazilian songwriter (b. [[1910]])
* [[May 23]] – [[John D. Rockefeller]], American industrialist and philanthropist (b. [[1839]])
* [[May 25]] – [[Henry Ossawa Tanner]], American Artist (b. [[1859]])
* [[May 28]] – [[Alfred Adler]], Austrian psychologist (b. [[1870]])
* [[June 2]] – [[Louis Vierne]], French composer (b. [[1870]])
* [[June 7]] – [[Jean Harlow]], American film actress (b. [[1911]])
* [[June 10]] – [[Robert Laird Borden]], eighth [[Prime Minister of Canada]] (b. [[1854]])
* [[June 18]] – [[Gaston Doumergue]], French Prime Minister (b. [[1863]])
* [[June 19]] – [[J. M. Barrie]], Scottish novelist and dramatist (b. [[1860]])
* [[June 25]] – [[Colin Clive]], British actor (b. [[1900]])
=== July–September ===
* [[July 9]] – [[Oliver Law]], American labor organizer and Army officer (killed in battle) (b. [[1899]])
* [[July 11]] – [[George Gershwin]], American composer (b. [[1898]])
* [[July 13]] – [[Victor Laloux]], French architect (b. [[1850]])
* [[July 18]] – [[Julian Bell]], English poet (b. [[1908]])
* [[July 20]] – [[Guglielmo Marconi]], Italian-born inventor (b. [[1874]])
* [[August 11]] – [[Edith Wharton]], American writer (b. [[1862]])
* [[August 27]] – [[Andrew W. Mellon]], American banker and U.S. Secretary of the Treasury (b. [[1855]])
* [[September 2]] – [[Pierre de Coubertin]], French founder of the modern Olympic Games (b. [[1863]])
* [[September 13]] – [[Ellis Parker Butler]], American humorist (b. [[1869]])
* [[September 14]] – [[Tomas Masaryk]], Czechoslovak president (b. [[1850]])
* [[September 21]] – [[Osgood Perkins]], American actor (b. [[1892]])
* [[September 22]] – [[Ruth Roland]], American actress (b. [[1892]])
* [[September 26]] – [[Bessie Smith]], African-American singer (b. [[1894]])
* [[September 29]] – [[Ray Ewry]], American athlete (b. [[1873]])
=== October–December ===
* [[October 16]] – [[Jean de Brunhoff]], French writer (b. [[1899]])
* [[October 17]] – [[J. Bruce Ismay]], English businessman (b. [[1862]])
* [[October 19]] – [[Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson]], New Zealand physicist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] (b. [[1871]])
* [[October 26]] – [[Józef Dowbor-Muśnicki]], Polish general (b. [[1867]])
* [[November 6]] – [[Johnston Forbes-Robertson]], British stage actor (b. [[1853]])
* [[November 9]] – [[Ramsay MacDonald]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] (b. [[1866]])
* [[November 13]] – Caroline Louise Dudley (aka [[Mrs. Leslie Carter]]), stage & screen actress (b. [[1862]])
* [[November 17]] – [[Jack Worrall]], Australian cricketer and coach (b. [[1860]])
* [[November 23]]
** [[Jagdish Chandra Bose]], Indian physicist (b. [[1858]])
** [[George Albert Boulenger]], Belgian naturalist (b. [[1858]])
* [[December 9]] – [[Gustaf Dalén]], Swedish physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1869]])
* [[December 12]] – [[Alfred Abel]], German actor (b. [[1879]])
* [[December 20]] – [[Erich Ludendorff]], German general (b. [[1865]])
* [[December 21]]
** [[Ted Healy]], American actor (b. [[1896]])
** [[Frank B. Kellogg]], [[United States Secretary of State]], recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (b. [[1856]])
* [[December 25]] – [[Newton D. Baker]], [[United States Secretary of War]] (b. [[1871]])
* [[December 28]] – [[Maurice Ravel]], French composer (''Bolero'') (b. [[1875]])
* [[December 30]] – [[Hans Niels Andersen]], Danish businessman, founder of the [[East Asiatic Company]] (b. [[1852]])
== Nobel Prizes ==
[[File:Nobel medal dsc06171.png|right|100px]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]] – [[Clinton Joseph Davisson]], [[George Paget Thomson]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]] – [[Walter Haworth]], [[Paul Karrer]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Physiology or Medicine]] – [[Albert Szent-Györgyi|Albert von Szent-Györgyi Nagyrapolt]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature]] – [[Roger Martin du Gard]]
* [[Nobel Peace Prize|Peace]] – [[Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood|Robert Cecil]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
*[http://xroads.virginia.edu/~1930s2/Time/1937/1937fr.html The 1930s Timeline: 1937] – from American Studies Programs at The University of Virginia
{{DEFAULTSORT:1937}}
[[Category:1937| ]]
[[af:1937]]
[[am:1937 እ.ኤ.አ.]]
[[ang:1937]]
[[ar:ملحق:1937]]
[[an:1937]]
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[[bn:১৯৩৭]]
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[[map-bms:1937]]
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[[bh:१९३७]]
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[[fa:۱۹۳۷ (میلادی)]]
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[[xal:1937 җил]]
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[[ht:1937 (almanak gregoryen)]]
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[[mr:इ.स. १९३७]]
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[[ne:सन् १९३७]]
[[new:ई सं १९३७]]
[[ja:1937年]]
[[nap:1937]]
[[no:1937]]
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[[or:୧୯୩୭]]
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[[pnb:1937]]
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[[ta:1937]]
[[tt:1937 ел]]
[[te:1937]]
[[tet:1937]]
[[th:พ.ศ. 2480]]
[[tg:1937]]
[[tr:1937]]
[[tk:1937]]
[[udm:1937 ар]]
[[uk:1937]]
[[ur:1937ء]]
[[vec:1937]]
[[vi:1937]]
[[vo:1937]]
[[fiu-vro:1937]]
[[wa:1937]]
[[vls:1937]]
[[war:1937]]
[[yi:1937]]
[[yo:1937]]
[[zh-yue:1937年]]
[[diq:1937]]
[[bat-smg:1937]]
[[zh:1937年]]' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node ) | 0 |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp ) | 1329920614 |