Edit count of the user (user_editcount ) | null |
Name of the user account (user_name ) | '24.186.5.139' |
Age of the user account (user_age ) | 0 |
Groups (including implicit) the user is in (user_groups ) | [
0 => '*'
] |
Whether or not a user is editing through the mobile interface (user_mobile ) | false |
Page ID (page_id ) | 18298 |
Page namespace (page_namespace ) | 0 |
Page title without namespace (page_title ) | 'Lunar eclipse' |
Full page title (page_prefixedtitle ) | 'Lunar eclipse' |
Last ten users to contribute to the page (page_recent_contributors ) | [
0 => 'Smalljim',
1 => '108.41.1.60',
2 => 'ClueBot NG',
3 => 'Amortias',
4 => 'Excirial',
5 => '109.231.197.98',
6 => 'Bruce1ee',
7 => '80.194.103.195',
8 => 'HullIntegrity',
9 => '2601:0:6300:5CC:3D24:AB20:EA7E:DC65'
] |
Action (action ) | 'edit' |
Edit summary/reason (summary ) | '' |
Whether or not the edit is marked as minor (no longer in use) (minor_edit ) | false |
Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext ) | '{{pp-pc1}}
{{other uses}}
{{Distinguish|Solar eclipse}}
[[File:Lunar eclipse April 15 2014 California Alfredo Garcia Jr1.jpg|thumb|300px|The [[April 2014 lunar eclipse|April 15, 2014 total eclipse]]]]
A '''lunar eclipse''' occurs when the [[Moon]] passes directly behind the [[Earth]] into its [[umbra]] (shadow). This can occur only when the Sun, Earth, and Moon are aligned (in "[[Syzygy (astronomy)|syzygy]]") exactly, or very closely so, with the Earth in the middle. Hence, a lunar eclipse can only occur the night of a [[full moon]]. The type and length of an [[eclipse]] depend upon the Moon's location relative to its [[lunar node|orbital node]]s.
Unlike a [[solar eclipse]], which can only be viewed from a certain relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of the Earth. A lunar eclipse lasts for a few hours, whereas a total solar eclipse lasts for only a few minutes at any given place, due to the smaller size of the moon's shadow. Also unlike solar eclipses, lunar eclipses are safe to view without any eye protection or special precautions, as they are dimmer than the full moon.
For the date of the next eclipse see the section ''[[Lunar eclipse#Recent and forthcoming lunar eclipses|Recent and forthcoming lunar eclipses]]''.
==Types of lunar eclipse {{anchor|penumbral eclipse|penumbral lunar eclipse}}== <!-- redirects from [[penumbral lunar eclipse]] -->
[[File:Geometry of a Lunar Eclipse.svg|thumb|240px|thumb|Schematic diagram of the shadow cast by the Earth. Within the central [[umbra]] shadow, the Moon is totally shielded from direct illumination by the Sun. In contrast, within the [[penumbra]] shadow, only a portion of sunlight is blocked.]]
[[File:Lunar orbit.png|thumb|240px|As seen by an observer on Earth on the imaginary [[celestial sphere]], the Moon crosses the ecliptic every orbit at positions called nodes twice every month. When the full moon occurs in the same position at the node, a lunar eclipse can occur. These two nodes allow two to five eclipses per year, parted by approximately six months. (Note: Not drawn to scale. The Sun is much larger and farther away than the Moon.)]]
[[File:Penumbral lunar eclipse 1999 jan 31.png|thumb|240px|A [[total penumbral lunar eclipse]] dims the moon in direct proportion to the area of the sun's disk blocked by the earth. This comparison shows the southern shadow penumbral lunar eclipse of [[January 1999 lunar eclipse|January 1999]] (left) to the same moon outside of the shadow (right) demonstrates this subtle dimming.]]
The shadow of the Earth can be divided into two distinctive parts: the [[umbra]] and [[penumbra]]. Within the umbra, there is no direct solar radiation. However, as a result of the Sun's large angular size, solar illumination is only partially blocked in the outer portion of the Earth's shadow, which is given the name penumbra.
A '''penumbral eclipse''' occurs when the Moon passes through the Earth's penumbra. The penumbra causes a subtle darkening of the Moon's surface. A special type of penumbral eclipse is a '''[[total penumbral lunar eclipse|total penumbral eclipse]]''', during which the Moon lies exclusively within the Earth's penumbra. Total penumbral eclipses are rare, and when these occur, that portion of the Moon which is closest to the umbra can appear somewhat darker than the rest of the Moon.
A '''partial lunar eclipse''' occurs when only a portion of the Moon enters the umbra. When the Moon travels completely into the Earth's umbra, one observes a '''total lunar eclipse'''. The Moon's speed through the shadow is about one kilometer per second (2,300 mph), and totality may last up to nearly 107 minutes. Nevertheless, the total time between the Moon's first and last contact with the shadow is much longer, and could last up to 4 hours.<ref>{{cite book | title=Fundamental Astronomy | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=DjeVdb0sLEAC&pg=PA139&lpg=PA139&dq=lunar+eclipse+%22maximum+duration%22| last = Hannu Karttunen | publisher = Springer}}</ref> The relative distance of the Moon from the Earth at the time of an eclipse can affect the eclipse's duration. In particular, when the Moon is near its [[apogee]], the farthest point from the Earth in its orbit, its orbital speed is the slowest. The diameter of the umbra does not decrease appreciably within the changes in the orbital distance of the moon. Thus, a totally eclipsed Moon occurring near apogee will lengthen the duration of totality.
The timing of total lunar eclipses are determined by its contacts:<ref>{{cite web|last=Clarke|first=Kevin|title=On the nature of eclipses|url=http://www.inconstantmoon.com/cyc_ecl1.htm|work=Inconstant Moon|publisher=Cyclopedia Selenica|accessdate=19 December 2010}}</ref>
:'''P1''' (First contact): Beginning of the penumbral eclipse. The Earth's penumbra touches the Moon's outer limb.
:'''U1''' (Second contact): Beginning of the partial eclipse. The Earth's umbra touches the Moon's outer limb.
:'''U2''' (Third contact): Beginning of the total eclipse. The Moon's surface is entirely within the Earth's umbra.
:'''Greatest eclipse''': The peak stage of the total eclipse. The Moon is at its closest to the center of the Earth's umbra.
:'''U3''' (Fourth contact): End of the total eclipse. The Moon's outer limb exits the Earth's umbra.
:'''U4''' (Fifth contact): End of the partial eclipse. The Earth's umbra leaves the Moon's surface.
:'''P2''' (Sixth contact): End of the penumbral eclipse. The Earth's penumbra no longer makes contact with the Moon.
==Appearance==
The Moon does not completely disappear as it passes through the umbra because of the [[Atmospheric refraction|refraction]] of [[sunlight]] by the Earth’s atmosphere into the shadow cone; if the Earth had no atmosphere, the Moon would be completely dark during an eclipse.<ref>{{cite web|title=Visual Appearance of Lunar Eclipses||work=NASA|author=Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus|quote=The troposphere and stratosphere act together as a ring-shaped lens that refracts heavily reddened sunlight into Earth's umbral shadow|url=http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEcat5/appearance.html}}</ref> The red coloring arises because sunlight reaching the Moon must pass through a long and dense layer of the Earth’s atmosphere, where it is [[Rayleigh scattering|scattered]]. Shorter [[wavelength]]s are more likely to be scattered by the air molecules and the small particles, and so by the time the light has passed through the atmosphere, the longer wavelengths dominate. This resulting light we perceive as [[red]]. This is the same effect that causes [[sunset]]s and [[sunrise]]s to turn the sky a reddish color; an alternative way of considering the problem is to realize that, as viewed from the Moon, the Sun would appear to be setting (or rising) behind the Earth.
The amount of refracted light depends on the amount of dust or clouds in the atmosphere; this also controls how much light is scattered. In general, the dustier the atmosphere, the more that other wavelengths of light will be removed (compared to red light), leaving the resulting light a deeper red color. This causes the resulting coppery-red hue of the Moon to vary from one eclipse to the next. Volcanoes are notable for expelling large quantities of dust into the atmosphere, and a large eruption shortly before an eclipse can have a large effect on the resulting color.
===Selenelion===
A '''selenelion''' or '''selenehelion''' occurs when both the Sun and the eclipsed Moon can be observed at the same time. This can only happen just before sunset or just after sunrise, and both bodies will appear just above the horizon at nearly opposite points in the sky. This arrangement has led to the phenomenon being referred to as a '''horizontal eclipse'''. There are typically a number of high ridges undergoing sunrise or sunset that can see it. Indeed, the reddened light that reaches the Moon comes from all the simultaneous sunrises and sunsets on the Earth. Although the Moon is in the Earth’s umbra, the Sun and the eclipsed Moon can both be seen at the same time because the [[refraction]] of light through the [[Earth’s atmosphere]] causes each of them to appear higher in the sky than their true geometric position.<ref>{{cite news
| url=http://www.skyandtelescope.com/community/skyblog/observingblog/97224024.html
| title=In Search of Selenelion
| work=Observing Blog - SkyandTelescope.com
| author=
| date=2010-06-26
| accessdate=2011-12-08 }}
</ref>
===Danjon scale===
The following scale (the [[Danjon scale]]) was devised by [[André Danjon]] for rating the overall darkness of lunar eclipses:<ref>{{cite web | title = Observing and Photographing Lunar Eclipses | url = http://skytonight.com/observing/objects/eclipses/3304036.html | last = Paul Deans and Alan M. MacRobert | publisher = Sky and Telescope}}</ref>
:'''L=0''': Very dark eclipse. Moon almost invisible, especially at mid-totality.
:'''L=1''': Dark eclipse, gray or brownish in coloration. Details distinguishable only with difficulty.
:'''L=2''': Deep red or rust-colored eclipse. Very dark central shadow, while outer edge of umbra is relatively bright.
:'''L=3''': Brick-red eclipse. Umbral shadow usually has a bright or yellow rim.
:'''L=4''': Very bright copper-red or orange eclipse. Umbral shadow is bluish and has a very bright rim.
==Lunar eclipse in mythology==
Several cultures have [[myth]]s related to lunar eclipses. The [[Egyptian mythology|Egyptians]] saw the eclipse as a sow swallowing the moon for a short time; other cultures view the eclipse as the moon being swallowed by other animals, such as a [[jaguar]] in [[Mayan mythology|Mayan]] tradition, or a [[Chan Chu|three legged toad]] in [[Chinese mythology|China]]. Some societies thought it was a demon swallowing the moon, and that they could chase it away by throwing stones and curses at it.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://voices.yahoo.com/the-lunar-eclipse-tidbits-behind-phenomenon-216306.html?cat=10 |title=The Lunar Eclipse: Tidbits Behind the Phenomenon?|accessdate=2011-12-02 |date=2007-28-15}}</ref>
==Blood moon==
Due to its reddish color, a total eclipse of the moon is sometimes referred to as a '''blood moon'''.<ref name="Nigro">{{cite book|last=Nigro|first=Nicholas |title=Knack Night Sky: Decoding the Solar System, from Constellations to Black Holes|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=iwim2lHciHAC&pg=PA214|year=2010|publisher=Globe Pequot|isbn=978-0-7627-6604-8|pages=214–5}}</ref> In addition, in the 2010s the media started to associate the term "blood moon" with the four full moons of a lunar tetrad, especially the 2014-2015 tetrad coinciding with the feasts of Passover and Tabernacles. A lunar tetrad is a consecutive sequence of four lunar eclipses, spaced six months apart.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sappenfield|first=Mark|title=Blood Moon to arrive Monday night. What is a Blood Moon?|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2014/0413/Blood-Moon-to-arrive-Monday-night.-What-is-a-Blood-Moon|accessdate=30 May 2014|newspaper=[[Christian Science Monitor]]|date=13 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=What is a Blood Moon?|url=http://earthsky.org/space/what-is-a-blood-moon-lunar-eclipses-2014-2015|accessdate=30 May 2014|newspaper=[[Earth & Sky]]|date=24 April 2014}}</ref>
==Occurrence==
{{see also|Saros (astronomy)|Eclipse cycle}}
Every year there are at least two lunar eclipses and as many as five, although total lunar eclipses are significantly less common. If one knows the date and time of an eclipse, it is possible to predict the occurrence of other eclipses using an [[eclipse cycle]] like the [[saros (astronomy)|saros]].
===Recent and forthcoming lunar eclipses===
{{Main|List of 21st-century lunar eclipses}}
{{Further|Lists of lunar eclipses}}
Eclipses only occur during an [[eclipse season]], when the Sun is close to either the ascending or descending [[Lunar node|node of the Moon]].
{| border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" align="center"
|-
| colspan=8 align="center" | '''Lunar eclipses'''
|-
| '''[[Template:Lunar eclipse set 1998-2002|1998–2002]]''' || '''[[Template:Lunar eclipse set 2002-2005|2002–2005]]''' || '''[[Template:Lunar eclipse set 2006-2009|2006–2009]]''' || '''[[Template:Lunar eclipse set 2009-2013|2009–2013]]''' || '''[[Template:Lunar eclipse set 2013-2016|2013–2016]]''' || '''[[Template:Lunar eclipse set 2016-2020|2016–2020]]''' || '''[[Template:Lunar eclipse set 2020-2023|2020–2023]]''' || '''[[Template:Lunar eclipse set 2024-2027|2024–2027]]'''
|}
<br clear="all" />
==Gallery==
<gallery widths="200px" heights="110px">
File:Lunar-eclipse-09-11-2003-cropped.jpeg|The beginning of the [[November 2003 lunar eclipse]]
File:Moon Eclipse cropped From Miami 2010.jpg|[[December 2010 lunar eclipse|December 21, 2010 Lunar Eclipse]]
File:Eclipse from moon.jpg|Painting by [[Lucien Rudaux]], showing what a lunar eclipse might look like when viewed from the surface of the moon. The moon's surface appears red because the only sunlight available is refracted through the Earth's atmosphere on the edges of the earth, as shown in the sky in this painting.
File:Lunar eclipse April 15 2014 California Alfredo Garcia Jr1.jpg|[[April 2014 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of April 15, 2014]], taken from Alfredo Garcia, [[USA]].
</gallery>
<!-- astronomical event long date format is year month day -->
<!-- please note that dates/times are based on universal time, UTC, not specific times for a given area -->
{{wide image|Animation april 15 2014 lunar eclipse appearance.gif|480px <!-- must correspond to original width as scaled thumbnail loses animation -->|Simulation of the appearance of the moon just before, during and just after a total lunar eclipse (the April 15, 2014 one in this example)}}
==See also==
{{portal|Moon}}
{{Wikipedia books|Lunar Eclipses}}
* [[List of lunar eclipses]] and [[List of 21st-century lunar eclipses]]
**[[May 1453 lunar eclipse]] - [[Fall of Constantinople]]
**[[March 1504 lunar eclipse]] - [[Christopher Columbus#Fourth voyage|Columbus’ lunar eclipse]]
**[[December 1573 lunar eclipse]] - [[Tycho Brahe]]
*[[Moon illusion]]
*[[Orbit of the Moon]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
*Bao-Lin Liu, ''Canon of Lunar Eclipses 1500 B.C.-A.D. 3000'', 1992
*[[Jean Meeus]] and [[Hermann Mucke (astronomer)|Hermann Mucke]] ''Canon of Lunar Eclipses''. Astronomisches Büro, Vienna, 1983
*Espenak, F., ''Fifty Year Canon of Lunar Eclipses: 1986-2035.'' NASA Reference Publication 1216, 1989
==External links==
{{Sister project links|wikt=lunar eclipse|commons=Category:Lunar eclipse|v=no|q=no|s=The New Student's Reference Work/Eclipse|b=High School Earth Science/The Sun and the Earth-Moon System}}
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wuhNZejHeBg "Lunar Eclipse Essentials": video from NASA]
*[http://alienworlds.southwales.ac.uk/lunarEclipse.html Animated explanation of the mechanics of a lunar eclipse], University of South Wales
*[http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/LunarEclipse.php U.S. Navy Lunar Eclipse Computer]
*[http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/lunar.html NASA Lunar Eclipse Page]
*[http://xjubier.free.fr/en/site_pages/lunar_eclipses/5MCLE/xLE_Five_Millennium_Canon.html Search among the 12,064 lunar eclipses over five millennium and display interactive maps]
*[http://www.mreclipse.com/Special/LEprimer.html Lunar Eclipses for Beginners]
*[http://www.nyip.com/ezine/outdoors/eclipse.html Tips on photographing the lunar eclipse from New York Institute of Photography]
{{The Moon}}
{{Lunar eclipses}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lunar Eclipse}}
[[Category:Astronomical events]]
[[Category:Eclipses]]
[[Category:Lunar eclipses| ]]
[[Category:Observing the Moon]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext ) | '{{pp-pc1}}
{{other uses}}
{{Distinguish|Solar eclipse}}
[[File:Lunar eclipse April 15 2014 California Alfredo Garcia Jr1.jpg|thumb|300px|The [[April 2014 lunar eclipse|April 15, 2014 total eclipse]]]]
A '''lunar eclipse''' occurs when I fart. This can occur only when I eat Taco Bell. Hence, a lunar eclipse can only occur during diarrhea. The type and length of a penis depends upon the Moon's asshole relative to its ballsack.
Unlike a [[poop]], which can only be viewed from a certain relatively small area of the asshole, a fart may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of the penis. A fart lasts for a few hours, whereas a total poop lasts for only a few minutes at any given place, due to the smaller size of the moon's shadow. Also unlike solar eclipses, lunar eclipses are safe to view without any eye protection or special precautions, as they are dimmer than the full moon.
For the date of the next buttsecks see the section ''[[Lunar eclipse#Recent and forthcoming lunar eclipses|Recent and forthcoming lunar eclipses]]''.
==Types of lunar eclipse {{anchor|penumbral eclipse|penumbral lunar eclipse}}== <!-- redirects from [[penumbral lunar eclipse]] -->
[[File:Geometry of a Lunar Eclipse.svg|thumb|240px|thumb|Schematic diagram of the shadow cast by the Earth. Within the central [[umbra]] shadow, the Moon is totally shielded from direct illumination by the Sun. In contrast, within the [[penumbra]] shadow, only a portion of sunlight is blocked.]]
[[File:Lunar orbit.png|thumb|240px|As seen by an observer on Earth on the imaginary [[celestial sphere]], the Moon crosses the ecliptic every orbit at positions called nodes twice every month. When the full moon occurs in the same position at the node, a lunar eclipse can occur. These two nodes allow two to five eclipses per year, parted by approximately six months. (Note: Not drawn to scale. The Sun is much larger and farther away than the Moon.)]]
[[File:Penumbral lunar eclipse 1999 jan 31.png|thumb|240px|A [[total penumbral lunar eclipse]] dims the moon in direct proportion to the area of the sun's disk blocked by the earth. This comparison shows the southern shadow penumbral lunar eclipse of [[January 1999 lunar eclipse|January 1999]] (left) to the same moon outside of the shadow (right) demonstrates this subtle dimming.]]
The shadow of the Earth can be divided into two distinctive parts: the [[umbra]] and [[penumbra]]. Within the umbra, there is no direct solar radiation. However, as a result of the Sun's large angular size, solar illumination is only partially blocked in the outer portion of the Earth's shadow, which is given the name penumbra.
A '''penumbral eclipse''' occurs when the Moon passes through the Earth's penumbra. The penumbra causes a subtle darkening of the Moon's surface. A special type of penumbral eclipse is a '''[[total penumbral lunar eclipse|total penumbral eclipse]]''', during which the Moon lies exclusively within the Earth's penumbra. Total penumbral eclipses are rare, and when these occur, that portion of the Moon which is closest to the umbra can appear somewhat darker than the rest of the Moon.
A '''partial lunar eclipse''' occurs when only a portion of the Moon enters the umbra. When the Moon travels completely into the Earth's umbra, one observes a '''total lunar eclipse'''. The Moon's speed through the shadow is about one kilometer per second (2,300 mph), and totality may last up to nearly 107 minutes. Nevertheless, the total time between the Moon's first and last contact with the shadow is much longer, and could last up to 4 hours.<ref>{{cite book | title=Fundamental Astronomy | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=DjeVdb0sLEAC&pg=PA139&lpg=PA139&dq=lunar+eclipse+%22maximum+duration%22| last = Hannu Karttunen | publisher = Springer}}</ref> The relative distance of the Moon from the Earth at the time of an eclipse can affect the eclipse's duration. In particular, when the Moon is near its [[apogee]], the farthest point from the Earth in its orbit, its orbital speed is the slowest. The diameter of the umbra does not decrease appreciably within the changes in the orbital distance of the moon. Thus, a totally eclipsed Moon occurring near apogee will lengthen the duration of totality.
The timing of total lunar eclipses are determined by its contacts:<ref>{{cite web|last=Clarke|first=Kevin|title=On the nature of eclipses|url=http://www.inconstantmoon.com/cyc_ecl1.htm|work=Inconstant Moon|publisher=Cyclopedia Selenica|accessdate=19 December 2010}}</ref>
:'''P1''' (First contact): Beginning of the penumbral eclipse. The Earth's penumbra touches the Moon's outer limb.
:'''U1''' (Second contact): Beginning of the partial eclipse. The Earth's umbra touches the Moon's outer limb.
:'''U2''' (Third contact): Beginning of the total eclipse. The Moon's surface is entirely within the Earth's umbra.
:'''Greatest eclipse''': The peak stage of the total eclipse. The Moon is at its closest to the center of the Earth's umbra.
:'''U3''' (Fourth contact): End of the total eclipse. The Moon's outer limb exits the Earth's umbra.
:'''U4''' (Fifth contact): End of the partial eclipse. The Earth's umbra leaves the Moon's surface.
:'''P2''' (Sixth contact): End of the penumbral eclipse. The Earth's penumbra no longer makes contact with the Moon.
==Appearance==
The penis does not completely disappear as it passes through the vagina because of the [[condom]] of [[latex]] by the Earth’s ass into the shit cone; if the Earth had no condom, the Moon would be completely pregnant during sex.<ref>{{cite web|title=Visual Appearance of Lunar Eclipses||work=NASA|author=Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus|quote=The vagina and penis act together as a ring-shaped lens that refracts heavily reddened sunlight into Earth's umbral shadow|url=http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEcat5/appearance.html}}</ref> The red coloring arises because sunlight reaching the Moon must pass through a long and dense layer of the Earth’s atmosphere, where it is [[Rayleigh scattering|scattered]]. Shorter [[wavelength]]s are more likely to be scattered by the air molecules and the small particles, and so by the time the light has passed through the atmosphere, the longer wavelengths dominate. This resulting light we perceive as [[red]]. This is the same effect that causes [[sunset]]s and [[sunrise]]s to turn the sky a reddish color; an alternative way of considering the problem is to realize that, as viewed from the Moon, the Sun would appear to be setting (or rising) behind the Earth.
The amount of refracted light depends on the amount of dust or clouds in the atmosphere; this also controls how much light is scattered. In general, the dustier the atmosphere, the more that other wavelengths of light will be removed (compared to red light), leaving the resulting light a deeper red color. This causes the resulting coppery-red hue of the Moon to vary from one eclipse to the next. Volcanoes are notable for expelling large quantities of dust into the atmosphere, and a large eruption shortly before an eclipse can have a large effect on the resulting color.
===Selenelion===
A '''selenelion''' or '''selenehelion''' occurs when both the Sun and the eclipsed Moon can be observed at the same time. This can only happen just before sunset or just after sunrise, and both bodies will appear just above the horizon at nearly opposite points in the sky. This arrangement has led to the phenomenon being referred to as a '''horizontal eclipse'''. There are typically a number of high ridges undergoing sunrise or sunset that can see it. Indeed, the reddened light that reaches the Moon comes from all the simultaneous sunrises and sunsets on the Earth. Although the Moon is in the Earth’s umbra, the Sun and the eclipsed Moon can both be seen at the same time because the [[refraction]] of light through the [[Earth’s atmosphere]] causes each of them to appear higher in the sky than their true geometric position.<ref>{{cite news
| url=http://www.skyandtelescope.com/community/skyblog/observingblog/97224024.html
| title=In Search of Selenelion
| work=Observing Blog - SkyandTelescope.com
| author=
| date=2010-06-26
| accessdate=2011-12-08 }}
</ref>
===Danjon scale===
The following scale (the [[Danjon scale]]) was devised by [[André Danjon]] for rating the overall darkness of lunar eclipses:<ref>{{cite web | title = Observing and Photographing Lunar Eclipses | url = http://skytonight.com/observing/objects/eclipses/3304036.html | last = Paul Deans and Alan M. MacRobert | publisher = Sky and Telescope}}</ref>
:'''L=0''': Very dark eclipse. Moon almost invisible, especially at mid-totality.
:'''L=1''': Dark eclipse, gray or brownish in coloration. Details distinguishable only with difficulty.
:'''L=2''': Deep red or rust-colored eclipse. Very dark central shadow, while outer edge of umbra is relatively bright.
:'''L=3''': Brick-red eclipse. Umbral shadow usually has a bright or yellow rim.
:'''L=4''': Very bright copper-red or orange eclipse. Umbral shadow is bluish and has a very bright rim.
==Lunar eclipse in mythology==
Several cultures have [[myth]]s related to lunar eclipses. The [[Egyptian mythology|Egyptians]] saw the eclipse as a sow swallowing the moon for a short time; other cultures view the eclipse as the moon being swallowed by other animals, such as a [[jaguar]] in [[Mayan mythology|Mayan]] tradition, or a [[Chan Chu|three legged toad]] in [[Chinese mythology|China]]. Some societies thought it was a demon swallowing the moon, and that they could chase it away by throwing stones and curses at it.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://voices.yahoo.com/the-lunar-eclipse-tidbits-behind-phenomenon-216306.html?cat=10 |title=The Lunar Eclipse: Tidbits Behind the Phenomenon?|accessdate=2011-12-02 |date=2007-28-15}}</ref>
==Blood moon==
Due to its reddish color, a total eclipse of the moon is sometimes referred to as a '''blood moon'''.<ref name="Nigro">{{cite book|last=Nigro|first=Nicholas |title=Knack Night Sky: Decoding the Solar System, from Constellations to Black Holes|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=iwim2lHciHAC&pg=PA214|year=2010|publisher=Globe Pequot|isbn=978-0-7627-6604-8|pages=214–5}}</ref> In addition, in the 2010s the media started to associate the term "blood moon" with the four full moons of a lunar tetrad, especially the 2014-2015 tetrad coinciding with the feasts of Passover and Tabernacles. A lunar tetrad is a consecutive sequence of four lunar eclipses, spaced six months apart.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sappenfield|first=Mark|title=Blood Moon to arrive Monday night. What is a Blood Moon?|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2014/0413/Blood-Moon-to-arrive-Monday-night.-What-is-a-Blood-Moon|accessdate=30 May 2014|newspaper=[[Christian Science Monitor]]|date=13 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=What is a Blood Moon?|url=http://earthsky.org/space/what-is-a-blood-moon-lunar-eclipses-2014-2015|accessdate=30 May 2014|newspaper=[[Earth & Sky]]|date=24 April 2014}}</ref>
==Occurrence==
{{see also|Saros (astronomy)|Eclipse cycle}}
Every year there are at least two lunar eclipses and as many as five, although total lunar eclipses are significantly less common. If one knows the date and time of an eclipse, it is possible to predict the occurrence of other eclipses using an [[eclipse cycle]] like the [[saros (astronomy)|saros]].
===Recent and forthcoming lunar eclipses===
{{Main|List of 21st-century lunar eclipses}}
{{Further|Lists of lunar eclipses}}
Eclipses only occur during an [[eclipse season]], when the Sun is close to either the ascending or descending [[Lunar node|node of the Moon]].
{| border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" align="center"
|-
| colspan=8 align="center" | '''Lunar eclipses'''
|-
| '''[[Template:Lunar eclipse set 1998-2002|1998–2002]]''' || '''[[Template:Lunar eclipse set 2002-2005|2002–2005]]''' || '''[[Template:Lunar eclipse set 2006-2009|2006–2009]]''' || '''[[Template:Lunar eclipse set 2009-2013|2009–2013]]''' || '''[[Template:Lunar eclipse set 2013-2016|2013–2016]]''' || '''[[Template:Lunar eclipse set 2016-2020|2016–2020]]''' || '''[[Template:Lunar eclipse set 2020-2023|2020–2023]]''' || '''[[Template:Lunar eclipse set 2024-2027|2024–2027]]'''
|}
<br clear="all" />
==Gallery==
<gallery widths="200px" heights="110px">
File:Lunar-eclipse-09-11-2003-cropped.jpeg|The beginning of the [[November 2003 lunar eclipse]]
File:Moon Eclipse cropped From Miami 2010.jpg|[[December 2010 lunar eclipse|December 21, 2010 Lunar Eclipse]]
File:Hadako-tan.png|Painting by [[Lucien Rudaux]], showing what a lunar eclipse might look like when viewed from the surface of the moon. The moon's surface appears red because the only sunlight available is refracted through the Earth's atmosphere on the edges of the earth, as shown in the sky in this painting.
File:Nacktes_Manga-Girl_-_erotische_Hentai-Comis_sind_in_Japan_weit_verbreitet-1.jpg|[[April 2014 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of April 15, 2014]], taken from Alfredo Garcia, [[USA]].
</gallery>
<!-- astronomical event long date format is year month day -->
<!-- please note that dates/times are based on universal time, UTC, not specific times for a given area -->
{{wide image|Animation april 15 2014 lunar eclipse appearance.gif|480px <!-- must correspond to original width as scaled thumbnail loses animation -->|Simulation of the appearance of the moon just before, during and just after a total lunar eclipse (the April 15, 2014 one in this example)}}
==See also==
{{portal|Moon}}
{{Wikipedia books|Lunar Eclipses}}
* [[List of lunar eclipses]] and [[List of 21st-century lunar eclipses]]
**[[May 1453 lunar eclipse]] - [[Fall of Constantinople]]
**[[March 1504 lunar eclipse]] - [[Christopher Columbus#Fourth voyage|Columbus’ lunar eclipse]]
**[[December 1573 lunar eclipse]] - [[Tycho Brahe]]
*[[Moon illusion]]
*[[Orbit of the Moon]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
*Bao-Lin Liu, ''Canon of Lunar Eclipses 1500 B.C.-A.D. 3000'', 1992
*[[Jean Meeus]] and [[Hermann Mucke (astronomer)|Hermann Mucke]] ''Canon of Lunar Eclipses''. Astronomisches Büro, Vienna, 1983
*Espenak, F., ''Fifty Year Canon of Lunar Eclipses: 1986-2035.'' NASA Reference Publication 1216, 1989
==External links==
{{Sister project links|wikt=lunar eclipse|commons=Category:Lunar eclipse|v=no|q=no|s=The New Student's Reference Work/Eclipse|b=High School Earth Science/The Sun and the Earth-Moon System}}
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wuhNZejHeBg "Lunar Eclipse Essentials": video from NASA]
*[http://alienworlds.southwales.ac.uk/lunarEclipse.html Animated explanation of the mechanics of a lunar eclipse], University of South Wales
*[http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/LunarEclipse.php U.S. Navy Lunar Eclipse Computer]
*[http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/lunar.html NASA Lunar Eclipse Page]
*[http://xjubier.free.fr/en/site_pages/lunar_eclipses/5MCLE/xLE_Five_Millennium_Canon.html Search among the 12,064 lunar eclipses over five millennium and display interactive maps]
*[http://www.mreclipse.com/Special/LEprimer.html Lunar Eclipses for Beginners]
*[http://www.nyip.com/ezine/outdoors/eclipse.html Tips on photographing the lunar eclipse from New York Institute of Photography]
{{The Moon}}
{{Lunar eclipses}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lunar Eclipse}}
[[Category:Astronomical events]]
[[Category:Eclipses]]
[[Category:Lunar eclipses| ]]
[[Category:Observing the Moon]]
' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff ) | '@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
{{Distinguish|Solar eclipse}}
[[File:Lunar eclipse April 15 2014 California Alfredo Garcia Jr1.jpg|thumb|300px|The [[April 2014 lunar eclipse|April 15, 2014 total eclipse]]]]
-A '''lunar eclipse''' occurs when the [[Moon]] passes directly behind the [[Earth]] into its [[umbra]] (shadow). This can occur only when the Sun, Earth, and Moon are aligned (in "[[Syzygy (astronomy)|syzygy]]") exactly, or very closely so, with the Earth in the middle. Hence, a lunar eclipse can only occur the night of a [[full moon]]. The type and length of an [[eclipse]] depend upon the Moon's location relative to its [[lunar node|orbital node]]s.
+A '''lunar eclipse''' occurs when I fart. This can occur only when I eat Taco Bell. Hence, a lunar eclipse can only occur during diarrhea. The type and length of a penis depends upon the Moon's asshole relative to its ballsack.
-Unlike a [[solar eclipse]], which can only be viewed from a certain relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of the Earth. A lunar eclipse lasts for a few hours, whereas a total solar eclipse lasts for only a few minutes at any given place, due to the smaller size of the moon's shadow. Also unlike solar eclipses, lunar eclipses are safe to view without any eye protection or special precautions, as they are dimmer than the full moon.
+Unlike a [[poop]], which can only be viewed from a certain relatively small area of the asshole, a fart may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of the penis. A fart lasts for a few hours, whereas a total poop lasts for only a few minutes at any given place, due to the smaller size of the moon's shadow. Also unlike solar eclipses, lunar eclipses are safe to view without any eye protection or special precautions, as they are dimmer than the full moon.
-For the date of the next eclipse see the section ''[[Lunar eclipse#Recent and forthcoming lunar eclipses|Recent and forthcoming lunar eclipses]]''.
+For the date of the next buttsecks see the section ''[[Lunar eclipse#Recent and forthcoming lunar eclipses|Recent and forthcoming lunar eclipses]]''.
==Types of lunar eclipse {{anchor|penumbral eclipse|penumbral lunar eclipse}}== <!-- redirects from [[penumbral lunar eclipse]] -->
[[File:Geometry of a Lunar Eclipse.svg|thumb|240px|thumb|Schematic diagram of the shadow cast by the Earth. Within the central [[umbra]] shadow, the Moon is totally shielded from direct illumination by the Sun. In contrast, within the [[penumbra]] shadow, only a portion of sunlight is blocked.]]
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
==Appearance==
-The Moon does not completely disappear as it passes through the umbra because of the [[Atmospheric refraction|refraction]] of [[sunlight]] by the Earth’s atmosphere into the shadow cone; if the Earth had no atmosphere, the Moon would be completely dark during an eclipse.<ref>{{cite web|title=Visual Appearance of Lunar Eclipses||work=NASA|author=Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus|quote=The troposphere and stratosphere act together as a ring-shaped lens that refracts heavily reddened sunlight into Earth's umbral shadow|url=http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEcat5/appearance.html}}</ref> The red coloring arises because sunlight reaching the Moon must pass through a long and dense layer of the Earth’s atmosphere, where it is [[Rayleigh scattering|scattered]]. Shorter [[wavelength]]s are more likely to be scattered by the air molecules and the small particles, and so by the time the light has passed through the atmosphere, the longer wavelengths dominate. This resulting light we perceive as [[red]]. This is the same effect that causes [[sunset]]s and [[sunrise]]s to turn the sky a reddish color; an alternative way of considering the problem is to realize that, as viewed from the Moon, the Sun would appear to be setting (or rising) behind the Earth.
+The penis does not completely disappear as it passes through the vagina because of the [[condom]] of [[latex]] by the Earth’s ass into the shit cone; if the Earth had no condom, the Moon would be completely pregnant during sex.<ref>{{cite web|title=Visual Appearance of Lunar Eclipses||work=NASA|author=Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus|quote=The vagina and penis act together as a ring-shaped lens that refracts heavily reddened sunlight into Earth's umbral shadow|url=http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEcat5/appearance.html}}</ref> The red coloring arises because sunlight reaching the Moon must pass through a long and dense layer of the Earth’s atmosphere, where it is [[Rayleigh scattering|scattered]]. Shorter [[wavelength]]s are more likely to be scattered by the air molecules and the small particles, and so by the time the light has passed through the atmosphere, the longer wavelengths dominate. This resulting light we perceive as [[red]]. This is the same effect that causes [[sunset]]s and [[sunrise]]s to turn the sky a reddish color; an alternative way of considering the problem is to realize that, as viewed from the Moon, the Sun would appear to be setting (or rising) behind the Earth.
The amount of refracted light depends on the amount of dust or clouds in the atmosphere; this also controls how much light is scattered. In general, the dustier the atmosphere, the more that other wavelengths of light will be removed (compared to red light), leaving the resulting light a deeper red color. This causes the resulting coppery-red hue of the Moon to vary from one eclipse to the next. Volcanoes are notable for expelling large quantities of dust into the atmosphere, and a large eruption shortly before an eclipse can have a large effect on the resulting color.
@@ -80,8 +80,8 @@
<gallery widths="200px" heights="110px">
File:Lunar-eclipse-09-11-2003-cropped.jpeg|The beginning of the [[November 2003 lunar eclipse]]
File:Moon Eclipse cropped From Miami 2010.jpg|[[December 2010 lunar eclipse|December 21, 2010 Lunar Eclipse]]
-File:Eclipse from moon.jpg|Painting by [[Lucien Rudaux]], showing what a lunar eclipse might look like when viewed from the surface of the moon. The moon's surface appears red because the only sunlight available is refracted through the Earth's atmosphere on the edges of the earth, as shown in the sky in this painting.
-File:Lunar eclipse April 15 2014 California Alfredo Garcia Jr1.jpg|[[April 2014 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of April 15, 2014]], taken from Alfredo Garcia, [[USA]].
+File:Hadako-tan.png|Painting by [[Lucien Rudaux]], showing what a lunar eclipse might look like when viewed from the surface of the moon. The moon's surface appears red because the only sunlight available is refracted through the Earth's atmosphere on the edges of the earth, as shown in the sky in this painting.
+File:Nacktes_Manga-Girl_-_erotische_Hentai-Comis_sind_in_Japan_weit_verbreitet-1.jpg|[[April 2014 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of April 15, 2014]], taken from Alfredo Garcia, [[USA]].
</gallery>
<!-- astronomical event long date format is year month day -->
<!-- please note that dates/times are based on universal time, UTC, not specific times for a given area -->
@@ -123,3 +123,4 @@
[[Category:Eclipses]]
[[Category:Lunar eclipses| ]]
[[Category:Observing the Moon]]
+
' |
New page size (new_size ) | 15396 |
Old page size (old_size ) | 15699 |
Size change in edit (edit_delta ) | -303 |
Lines added in edit (added_lines ) | [
0 => 'A '''lunar eclipse''' occurs when I fart. This can occur only when I eat Taco Bell. Hence, a lunar eclipse can only occur during diarrhea. The type and length of a penis depends upon the Moon's asshole relative to its ballsack.',
1 => 'Unlike a [[poop]], which can only be viewed from a certain relatively small area of the asshole, a fart may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of the penis. A fart lasts for a few hours, whereas a total poop lasts for only a few minutes at any given place, due to the smaller size of the moon's shadow. Also unlike solar eclipses, lunar eclipses are safe to view without any eye protection or special precautions, as they are dimmer than the full moon.',
2 => 'For the date of the next buttsecks see the section ''[[Lunar eclipse#Recent and forthcoming lunar eclipses|Recent and forthcoming lunar eclipses]]''.',
3 => 'The penis does not completely disappear as it passes through the vagina because of the [[condom]] of [[latex]] by the Earth’s ass into the shit cone; if the Earth had no condom, the Moon would be completely pregnant during sex.<ref>{{cite web|title=Visual Appearance of Lunar Eclipses||work=NASA|author=Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus|quote=The vagina and penis act together as a ring-shaped lens that refracts heavily reddened sunlight into Earth's umbral shadow|url=http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEcat5/appearance.html}}</ref> The red coloring arises because sunlight reaching the Moon must pass through a long and dense layer of the Earth’s atmosphere, where it is [[Rayleigh scattering|scattered]]. Shorter [[wavelength]]s are more likely to be scattered by the air molecules and the small particles, and so by the time the light has passed through the atmosphere, the longer wavelengths dominate. This resulting light we perceive as [[red]]. This is the same effect that causes [[sunset]]s and [[sunrise]]s to turn the sky a reddish color; an alternative way of considering the problem is to realize that, as viewed from the Moon, the Sun would appear to be setting (or rising) behind the Earth.',
4 => 'File:Hadako-tan.png|Painting by [[Lucien Rudaux]], showing what a lunar eclipse might look like when viewed from the surface of the moon. The moon's surface appears red because the only sunlight available is refracted through the Earth's atmosphere on the edges of the earth, as shown in the sky in this painting.',
5 => 'File:Nacktes_Manga-Girl_-_erotische_Hentai-Comis_sind_in_Japan_weit_verbreitet-1.jpg|[[April 2014 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of April 15, 2014]], taken from Alfredo Garcia, [[USA]].',
6 => false
] |
Lines removed in edit (removed_lines ) | [
0 => 'A '''lunar eclipse''' occurs when the [[Moon]] passes directly behind the [[Earth]] into its [[umbra]] (shadow). This can occur only when the Sun, Earth, and Moon are aligned (in "[[Syzygy (astronomy)|syzygy]]") exactly, or very closely so, with the Earth in the middle. Hence, a lunar eclipse can only occur the night of a [[full moon]]. The type and length of an [[eclipse]] depend upon the Moon's location relative to its [[lunar node|orbital node]]s.',
1 => 'Unlike a [[solar eclipse]], which can only be viewed from a certain relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of the Earth. A lunar eclipse lasts for a few hours, whereas a total solar eclipse lasts for only a few minutes at any given place, due to the smaller size of the moon's shadow. Also unlike solar eclipses, lunar eclipses are safe to view without any eye protection or special precautions, as they are dimmer than the full moon.',
2 => 'For the date of the next eclipse see the section ''[[Lunar eclipse#Recent and forthcoming lunar eclipses|Recent and forthcoming lunar eclipses]]''.',
3 => 'The Moon does not completely disappear as it passes through the umbra because of the [[Atmospheric refraction|refraction]] of [[sunlight]] by the Earth’s atmosphere into the shadow cone; if the Earth had no atmosphere, the Moon would be completely dark during an eclipse.<ref>{{cite web|title=Visual Appearance of Lunar Eclipses||work=NASA|author=Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus|quote=The troposphere and stratosphere act together as a ring-shaped lens that refracts heavily reddened sunlight into Earth's umbral shadow|url=http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEcat5/appearance.html}}</ref> The red coloring arises because sunlight reaching the Moon must pass through a long and dense layer of the Earth’s atmosphere, where it is [[Rayleigh scattering|scattered]]. Shorter [[wavelength]]s are more likely to be scattered by the air molecules and the small particles, and so by the time the light has passed through the atmosphere, the longer wavelengths dominate. This resulting light we perceive as [[red]]. This is the same effect that causes [[sunset]]s and [[sunrise]]s to turn the sky a reddish color; an alternative way of considering the problem is to realize that, as viewed from the Moon, the Sun would appear to be setting (or rising) behind the Earth.',
4 => 'File:Eclipse from moon.jpg|Painting by [[Lucien Rudaux]], showing what a lunar eclipse might look like when viewed from the surface of the moon. The moon's surface appears red because the only sunlight available is refracted through the Earth's atmosphere on the edges of the earth, as shown in the sky in this painting.',
5 => 'File:Lunar eclipse April 15 2014 California Alfredo Garcia Jr1.jpg|[[April 2014 lunar eclipse|Lunar eclipse of April 15, 2014]], taken from Alfredo Garcia, [[USA]].'
] |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node ) | 0 |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp ) | 1403128795 |