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15:24, 16 August 2018: 86.154.224.59 (talk) triggered filter 61, performing the action "edit" on Scarborough, North Yorkshire. Actions taken: Tag; Filter description: New user removing references (examine | diff)

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Scarborough is home to local commercial radio station, [[Yorkshire Coast Radio]] which provides a daily news service for the town with a team of journalists based at its studios in Eastfield, broadcasting on FM, DAB, and online.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://static.ofcom.org.uk/static/radiolicensing/html/radio-stations/analogue/al000158ba2yorkshirecoastradio.htm|title=Ofcom {{!}} Analogue Radio Stations|website=static.ofcom.org.uk|accessdate=27 February 2018}}</ref>
Scarborough is home to local commercial radio station, [[Yorkshire Coast Radio]] which provides a daily news service for the town with a team of journalists based at its studios in Eastfield, broadcasting on FM, DAB, and online.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://static.ofcom.org.uk/static/radiolicensing/html/radio-stations/analogue/al000158ba2yorkshirecoastradio.htm|title=Ofcom {{!}} Analogue Radio Stations|website=static.ofcom.org.uk|accessdate=27 February 2018}}</ref>


DAB station [[Coast & County Radio]] is also based in Scarborough.
DAB station [[Coast & County Radio]] is also based in Scarborough, featuring former [[ITV_(TV_network)|ITV]] and [[Price Drop]] star [[Greg Scott (presenter)|Greg Scott]] amongst its presenters.<ref>{{cite web|title=MEET OUR PRESENTERS|url=https://www.coastandcountyradio.co.uk/presenters/|website=Coast & County Radio|publisher=Coast & County Radio|accessdate=23 April 2018}}</ref>


The town is also the home of the online only [[community radio]] station, Radio Scarborough.<ref>{{cite web|title=Radio Scarborough - Community Radio to entertain Scarborough and the world|url=http://www.radioscarborough.co.uk/|website=www.radioscarborough.co.uk|accessdate=9 April 2018}}</ref> The station was raided in August 2017 by [[Ofcom]] for illegally broadcasting their service.<ref>{{cite web|title=SBC’S SCARBOROUGH MARKET HALL RAIDED|url=http://nyenquirer.uk/sbcs-scarborough-market-hall-raided/|website=North Yorks Enquirer|publisher=North Yorks Enquirer|accessdate=23 April 2018}}</ref>
The town is also the home of the online only [[community radio]] station, Radio Scarborough.<ref>{{cite web|title=Radio Scarborough - Community Radio to entertain Scarborough and the world|url=http://www.radioscarborough.co.uk/|website=www.radioscarborough.co.uk|accessdate=9 April 2018}}</ref>


===Digital connectivity===
===Digital connectivity===

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'{{For|the larger local government district which includes the town|Borough of Scarborough}} {{Other uses|Scarborough (disambiguation)}} {{Use British English|date=September 2014}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}} {{Infobox UK place |country = England |official_name = Scarborough |coordinates = {{coord|54.2773|-0.4017|display=inline,title}} |population = 61,749 |statistic_title = Urban |statistic = 108,600 |population_ref = <ref name="BUA">{{cite web | url=http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/articles/747.aspx|title=2011 Census – Built-up areas| work= | publisher=[[Office for National Statistics]] | accessdate=15 August 2013}}</ref> |shire_district = [[Borough of Scarborough|Scarborough]] |region = Yorkshire and the Humber |shire_county = [[North Yorkshire]] |constituency_westminster = [[Scarborough and Whitby (UK Parliament constituency)|Scarborough and Whitby]] |post_town = SCARBOROUGH |postcode_district = YO11 – YO13 |postcode_area = YO | population_demonym = Scarborian |dial_code = 01723 |os_grid_reference = TA040880 |static_image_name = Scarborough, North Yorkshire. (4 of 7).jpg |static_image_caption = Scarborough in September 2012 |label_position = left | london_distance_mi= 190 | london_direction= S }} '''Scarborough''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|k|ɑr|b|ər|ə}})<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/scarborough|title=Scarborough|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|accessdate=10 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/Scarborough?q=Scarborough+|title=Scarborough|work=[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'|accessdate=10 September 2014}}</ref> is a town on the [[North Sea]] coast of [[North Yorkshire]], England. [[Historic counties of England|Historically]] part of the [[North Riding of Yorkshire]], the town lies between 10–230 feet (3–70 m) above sea level, rising steeply northward and westward from the harbour on to [[limestone]] cliffs. The older part of the town lies around the harbour and is protected by a rocky headland. With a population of just over 61,000, Scarborough is the largest [[seaside resort|holiday resort]] on the Yorkshire coast. The town has fishing and service industries, including a growing digital and creative economy, as well as being a [[Seaside resort|tourist destination]]. People who live in the town are known as Scarborians.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thescarboroughnews.co.uk/news/centenary-tribute-to-a-famous-scarborian-1-1429933|title=Centenary tribute to a famous Scarborian|date=3 September 2008|work=The Scarborough News|accessdate=22 October 2016}}</ref> ==Geography== {{wide image|SouthBay Panorama.jpg|1000px|alt=Panorama of South Bay|The promontory with its castle, viewed from the south.}} The most striking feature of the town's geography is the high rocky promontory pointing eastward into the [[North Sea]].<ref>{{NHLE|desc=Scarborough Castle: Iron Age settlement, Roman signal station, Anglo-Scandinavian settlement and chapel, C12 enclosure castle and C18 battery|num=1011374|grade=<!--Not applicable to this entry-->|accessdate=8 April 2018}}</ref> The promontory supports the 11th-century ruins of [[Scarborough Castle]] and divides the seafront into two bays, north and south.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Somerville|first1=Christopher|title=Robin Hood’s Bay, North Yorkshire|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/a-good-walk-robin-hoods-bay-north-yorkshire-9r5zxnxz9|accessdate=8 April 2018|work=The Times|date=10 September 2016|subscription=yes}}</ref> [[File:Scarborough North Yorkshire England 2.jpg|thumb|260px|Scarborough's South Bay from Cliff Street]] The South Bay was the site of the original medieval settlement and harbour, which form the old town.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hewson|first1=David|title=Travel: Feelin' groovy? So is Scarborough: The north-east coast resort|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/travel-feelin-groovy-so-is-scarborough-the-north-east-coast-resort-found-its-true-character-when-it-2323088.html|accessdate=8 April 2018|work=The Independent|date=15 May 1993}}</ref> This remains the main tourist area, with a sandy beach, cafés, amusements, arcades, theatres and entertainment facilities. The modern commercial town centre has migrated {{convert|440|yd|m}} north-west of the harbour area and {{convert|100|ft|m}} above it and contains the transport hubs, main services, shopping and nightlife. The harbour has undergone major regeneration including the new [[Albert Strange]] Pontoons,<ref> {{cite web |url = http://www.albertstrange.org/?p=209 |title = The Albert Strange Moorings at Scarborough |publisher = The Albert Strange Association |date = 23 July 2008 |accessdate = 12 September 2008 |last = Wynne |first = Dick }} </ref> a more pedestrian-friendly promenade, street lighting and seating. [[File:ScarboroughNorthBay-Spring2006.JPG|thumb|left|The North Bay]]The North Bay has traditionally been the more peaceful end of the resort and is home to [[Peasholm Park]] which, in June 2007, was restored to its Japanese-themed glory, complete with reconstructed [[pagoda]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.peasholmpark.com/content/view/4/5/ |title=Peasholm Park Friends – Scarborough UK – History |year=2012 |accessdate=16 February 2012}}</ref> For many years a mock maritime battle (based on the [[Battle of the River Plate]]) has been regularly re-enacted on the boating lake with large model boats and fireworks throughout the summer holiday season.<ref>{{cite news|title=TV crew sinks Scarborough Naval Warfare ship|url=https://www.thescarboroughnews.co.uk/news/tv-crew-sinks-scarborough-naval-warfare-ship-1-1432225|accessdate=8 April 2018|work=The Scarborough News|date=1 October 2008}}</ref> The [[Scarborough North Bay Railway|North Bay Railway]] is a [[miniature railway]] running from the park through Northstead Manor Gardens to the [[Sea Life Centres|Sea Life Centre]] at Scalby Mills. The North Bay Railway has what is believed to be the oldest operational diesel-hydraulic locomotive in the world. Neptune was built in 1931 by Hudswell Clarke of Leeds and is appropriately numbered 1931.<ref>{{cite news|title=Seaside miniature railway hits 80|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-york-north-yorkshire-13500007|accessdate=8 April 2018|work=BBC News|date=23 May 2011}}</ref> Northstead Manor Gardens include the [[North Bay Railway]] and three other attractions: a water chute, a boating lake with boats for hire during the summer season and an open-air theatre. The water chute is now [[grade II]] listed and is one of the oldest surviving water chutes in Britain, with the ride of today being the same as when it was opened in the 1930s.<ref>{{NHLE|desc=Water Chute, Northstead Manor Gardens|num=1441469|grade=II|accessdate=8 April 2018}}</ref> The Lord Mayor of London opened the theatre in 1932 and audiences flocked to see ''[[Merrie England (opera)|Merrie England]]'', the first production to be staged at the outdoor venue.<ref>{{cite news|title=Explore the north side|url=https://www.thescarboroughnews.co.uk/news/explore-the-north-side-1-1476660|accessdate=8 April 2018|work=The Scarborough News|date=11 June 2010}}</ref> Productions were put on during the summer seasons until musicals ceased in 1968 after ''[[West Side Story]]'', apart from a YMCA production in 1982. In 1997 the dressing rooms and stage set building on the island were demolished and the seating removed. The last concert to be held at the open-air theatre before it closed in 1986 was [[James Last]] and his orchestra. Scarborough's open-air theatre was reopened on Friday 23 July 2010 by [[Queen Elizabeth II]] with an operatic concert starring [[José Carreras]] and Dame [[Kiri Te Kanawa]], accompanied by the Opera North Orchestra, concluding with a firework display. North Bay and South Bay are linked by Marine Drive, an extensive Victorian promenade, built around the base of the headland. Overlooking both bays is [[Scarborough Castle]], which was bombarded by the [[Imperial German Navy|German]] warships {{SMS|Derfflinger}} and {{SMS|Von der Tann}} in the [[First World War]]. Both bays have popular sandy beaches and numerous rock-pools at low tide. The South Cliff Promenade above the [[The Spa, Scarborough|Spa]] and South Cliff Gardens has excellent views of the South Bay and old town. Its splendid Regency and Victorian terraces are still intact, with a mix of quality hotels and flats. The [[ITV (TV channel)|ITV]] television drama ''[[The Royal]]'' and its recent spin-off series, ''[[The Royal Today]]'' were both filmed in the area. The South Bay has the largest illuminated 'star disk' anywhere in the UK. It is {{convert|85|ft|m}} across and fitted with subterranean lights representing the 42 brightest stars and major constellations that can be seen from Scarborough in the northern skies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oldhamoptical.com/#!star-disc/c1f0j|title=Scarborough Star Disc|work=Oldham Optical|accessdate=10 September 2014}}</ref> To the south-west of the town, beside the [[York to Scarborough Line|York to Scarborough railway line]], is an ornamental lake known as [[Scarborough Mere]]. In the 20th century the Mere was a popular park, with rowing boats, canoes and a miniature pirate ship – the ''Hispaniola'' – on which passengers were taken to 'Treasure Island' to dig for doubloons.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nostalgia: Scarborough Mere|url=http://www.thescarboroughnews.co.uk/news/nostalgia-scarborough-mere-1-7867187|accessdate=24 June 2016|work=The Scarborough News|date=24 April 2016}}</ref> Since the late 1990s the Mere has been redesigned as a natural space for picnics, fishing and walkers. In 2012 a new snack bar was built alongside the Mere. The lake is now part of the Oliver's Mount Country Park and the ''Hispaniola'' now sails out of Scarborough harbour during the summer season. Surrounding the River Derwent as it converges into the sea are high hills with tall, dense grasses and fertile soil, due to the stream '[[Sea Cut (Scalby Beck)|Sea Cut]]' leading from the River Derwent to the estuary at the North Sea.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Fox-Strangways|first1=C|last2=Barrow|first2=G|title=The geology of the country between Whitby and Scarborough|date=1915|publisher=Geological Survey|location=London|page=3|oclc=355679850}}</ref> The area has flourishing and vibrant flora and crop growth. [[File:Scarborough Hills by the Sea Cut.jpeg|thumb|left|Scarborough Hills by the River]] ==History== ===Origins=== [[File:Scarborough Castle - geograph.org.uk - 192389.jpg|thumbnail|Ruins of Scarborough Castle]] The town was reportedly founded around 966 AD as ''Skarðaborg'' by [[Thorgils Skarthi]], a [[Viking]] raider, though there is no archaeological evidence to support these claims, made during the 1960s, as part of a pageant of Scarborough events.<ref>{{cite news|title='Time team' to seek out genetic secrets of Yorkshire's Viking past|url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/time-team-to-seek-out-genetic-secrets-of-yorkshire-s-viking-past-1-2333111|accessdate=8 April 2018|work=The Yorkshire Post|date=30 January 2009}}</ref> The origin of this belief is a fragment of an [[Icelandic Saga]]. In the 4th century there had briefly been a [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] signal station on Scarborough headland and there is evidence of much earlier [[Stone Age]] and [[Bronze Age]] settlements.<ref>{{PastScape |num=79903 |desc=Scarborough Roman Signal Station |access-date=8 April 2018}}</ref> However any new settlement was soon burned to the ground by a rival band of Vikings under Tosti ([[Tostig Godwinson]]), Lord of Falsgrave, and [[Harald III of Norway]]. The destruction and massacre meant that very little remained to be recorded in the [[Domesday]] survey of 1085.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Chrystal|first1=Paul|title=The Place Names of Yorkshire; Cities, Towns, Villages, Rivers and Dales, some Pubs too, in Praise of Yorkshire Ales|date=2017|publisher=Stenlake|location=Catrine|isbn=9781840337532|page=71|edition=1}}</ref> The original inland village of Falsgrave was also [[Saxon]] rather than [[Viking]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Owens|first1=Carlos R.|title=Scarboroughs and Scarbroughs of Stewart County, Tennessee : a family history|date=1999|publisher=Turner Publishers|location=Paducah, KY|isbn=1-56311-550-6|page=5|chapter=1: Early Scarboroughs}}</ref> ===Feudal and medieval=== Scarborough recovered under [[Henry II of England|King Henry II]], who built an [[Angevin kings of England|Angevin]] stone castle on the headland and granted the town charters in 1155 and 1163,<ref>{{cite news|title=BBC North Yorkshire - Nature - Scarborough's other front|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/northyorkshire/iloveny/nature/walk_through_time/05.shtml|accessdate=8 April 2018|work=www.bbc.co.uk|date=24 September 2014}}</ref> permitting a market on the sands and establishing rule by [[burgess (title)|burgess]]es. [[Edward II of England|Edward II]] granted [[Scarborough Castle]] to his favourite, [[Piers Gaveston]]. The castle was subsequently besieged by forces led by the barons Percy, Warenne, Clifford and Pembroke. Gaveston was captured and taken to [[Oxford]] and thence to [[Warwick Castle]] for execution.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Jones|first1=Dan|title=Piers Gaveston: bending the monarch’s ear, and will|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/9264564/Piers-Gaveston-bending-the-monarchs-ear-and-will.html|accessdate=8 April 2018|work=The Telegraph|date=14 May 2012}}</ref> In 1318, the town was burnt by the [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scots]], under [[James Douglas, Lord of Douglas|Sir James Douglas]] following the [[Capture of Berwick (1318)|Capture of Berwick upon Tweed]].<ref>{{cite web|title=SCARBOROUGH {{!}} As described in John Marius Wilson's Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales (1870-72)|url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/descriptions/940610|website=www.visionofbritain.org.uk|accessdate=9 April 2018}}</ref> In the [[Middle Ages]] [[Scarborough Fair (fair)|Scarborough Fair]], permitted in a royal charter of 1253, held a six-week trading festival attracting merchants from all over Europe. It ran from [[Assumption Day]], 15 August, until [[Michaelmas Day]], 29 September. The fair continued to be held for 500 years, from the 13th to the 18th century, and is commemorated in the song ''[[Scarborough Fair (ballad)|Scarborough Fair]]'': :''Are you going to Scarborough Fair?'' :''—parsley, sage, rosemary and thyme...''.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Winn|first1=Christopher|title=I never knew that about Yorkshire|date=2010|publisher=Ebury|location=London|isbn=978-0-09-193313-5|page=76|edition=1}}</ref> ===Resort development=== [[File:Grand Hotel, Scarborough, Yorkshire, England, 1890s.jpg|thumb|right|[[Photochrom]] of Scarborough, 1890s]] Scarborough and its castle changed hands seven times between Royalists and Parliamentarians during the [[English Civil War]] of the 1640s, enduring two lengthy and violent sieges. Following the civil war, much of the town lay in ruins. In 1626, Elizabeth Farrow discovered a stream of acidic water running from one of the cliffs to the south of the town.<ref>{{cite book | title=The business of tourism | first1=J. Christopher |last1=Holloway | first2=Neil |last2=Taylor | publisher=Pearson Education | year=2006 | isbn=0-273-70161-4 | page=29 }}</ref> This gave birth to [[The Spa, Scarborough|Scarborough Spa]], and Dr Wittie's book about the spa waters published in 1660 attracted a flood of visitors to the town. Scarborough Spa became [[Early Modern Britain|Britain]]'s first seaside resort, though the first rolling [[bathing machine]]s were not noted on the sands until 1735. It was a popular getaway destination for the wealthy of London, such as the bookseller [[Andrew Millar]] and his family. Their son Andrew junior died there in 1750.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.millar-project.ed.ac.uk/manuscripts/html_output/10.html|title=The manuscripts, Samuel Richardson, Poetical Epitaph for Andrew Millar Jr., Andrew Millar Project. University of Edinburgh.|website=www.millar-project.ed.ac.uk|accessdate=3 June 2016}}</ref> The coming of the [[York to Scarborough Line|Scarborough–York]] railway in 1845 increased the tide of visitors. [[Scarborough railway station]] claims a record for the world's longest platform seat.<ref name="Hello Yorkshire">{{cite web |last = |url=http://www.hello-yorkshire.co.uk/scarborough/tourist-information|title=Scarborough Tourist Information|publisher=www.hello-yorkshire.co.uk|accessdate=26 August 2009}}</ref> From the 1880s until the First World War, Scarborough was one of the regular destinations for [[The Bass Excursions]], when fifteen trains would take between 8,000 and 9,000 employees of Bass's Burton brewery on an annual trip to the seaside. A young [[Malton, North Yorkshire|Malton]] architect, John Gibson, designed the [[Crown Spa Hotel]], Scarborough's first purpose-built hotel.<ref>[http://www.maltonbuildingsgroup.com/history/malton/history_malton_mount.pdf?i=1 The Mount- John Gibson] at Malton Buildings Group</ref> In 1841 a railway link between York and Scarborough was being talked of and he decided that the area above the popular Spa building could be developed. He designed and laid the foundations before passing the construction of this hotel to the newly formed South Cliff Building Company. On Tuesday, 10 June 1845 Scarborough's first hotel was opened: a marketing coup, as the Grand Hotel, soon to be Europe's largest, was not yet finished.<ref>[http://www.crownspahotel.com/pages/footer/About_The_Hotel About the hotel] at Crown Spa Hotel official website. Accessed 17 December 2016</ref> ===Architecture=== [[File:AnnBrontegrave.JPG|thumb|Memorial slab lying on the grave of Anne Brontë in St Mary's churchyard]] When the [[Grand Hotel (Scarborough)|Grand Hotel]] was completed in 1867 it was one of the largest hotels in the world and one of the first giant purpose-built hotels in Europe. Four towers represent the seasons, 12 floors represent the months, 52 chimneys represent the weeks and originally 365 bedrooms represented the days of the year. A [[blue plaque]] outside marks where the novelist [[Anne Brontë]] died in 1849. She was buried in the graveyard of [[St Mary's Church, Scarborough|St Mary's Church]] by the castle.<ref name="Biography of Anne Brontë">{{cite web |url=http://www.mick-armitage.staff.shef.ac.uk/anne/annebiog.html |title=Biography of Anne Brontë |publisher=www.mick-armitage.staff.shef.ac.uk |accessdate=21 April 2015 }}</ref> The town has a fine [[Anglican]] church, [[St Martin-on-the-Hill, Scarborough|St Martin-on-the-Hill]], built in 1862–63 as the parish church of South Cliff. It contains works by [[Dante Gabriel Rossetti]], [[William Morris]], [[Edward Burne-Jones]] and [[Ford Madox Brown]].<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1242903|desc=Church of Saint Martin|accessdate=11 September 2014}}</ref> ===Maritime events=== During the [[First World War]], the town was bombarded by [[Kaiserliche Marine|German]] warships of the [[High Seas Fleet]], an act which shocked the British (see [[Raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby]]).<ref>{{cite news|last1=Marsay|first1=Mark|title=Scarborough & Whitby under attack|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/york/hi/people_and_places/history/newsid_8123000/8123846.stm|accessdate=9 April 2018|work=BBC News|date=2 July 2009}}</ref> In 1929 the steam drifter ''Ascendent'' caught a {{convert|560|lb|adj=on}} tunny ([[Atlantic bluefin tuna]]) and a Scarborough showman awarded the crew 50 [[shilling]]s so he could exhibit it as a tourist attraction.<ref name=independent>{{cite news|last=Elliott|first=Keith|title=Novice catches Britain's biggest fish for 50 years|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/novice-catches-britains-biggest-fish-for-50-years-698659.html|accessdate=28 June 2013|newspaper=Independent|date=30 September 2000}}</ref> [[Big-game tunny fishing off Scarborough]] effectively started in 1930 when Lorenzo "Lawrie" Mitchell–Henry, landed a tunny caught on rod and line weighing {{convert|560|lb}}.<ref name=fileybay>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Anthony|title=Big Game fishing off the Yorkshire coast|url=http://www.fileybay.com/tunnyfish/|work=Welcome to Filey Bay|publisher=Filey Bay Research Group|accessdate=28 June 2013}}</ref> A gentlemen's club, the British Tunny Club, was founded in 1933 and set up its headquarters in the town at the place which is now a restaurant with the same name.<ref name="fileybay" /><ref name=museum>{{cite web|last=Herd|first=Andrew|title=The Scarborough big game fishery|url=http://www.fishingmuseum.org.uk/tunny.html|publisher=Fishing Museum|accessdate=28 June 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228200538/http://www.fishingmuseum.org.uk/tunny.html|archivedate=28 December 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Scarborough became a resort for high society.<ref name=independent /> A women's world tuna challenge cup was held for many years.<ref name=independent /> Colonel (and, later, Sir) [[Edward Peel (big-game fisherman)|Edward Peel]] landed a world-record tunny of {{convert|798|lb|0}}, capturing the record by {{convert|40|lb|1}} from one caught off [[Nova Scotia]] by American champion [[Zane Grey]].<ref name=glasgow>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=gvY9AAAAIBAJ&sjid=FkkMAAAAIBAJ&dq=tunny-club&pg=2498%2C2627563|title=Large Tunny Fish caught by Naval Officer|date=18 August 1934|newspaper=Glasgow Herald|accessdate=4 February 2015}}</ref><ref name=scandal>{{cite news|last=Hudson|first=Robert|title=Scandal, cash and the joys of tuna fishing|url=http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/375170/Scandal-cash-and-the-joys-of-tuna-fishing|accessdate=28 June 2013|newspaper=Daily Express|date=3 February 2013}}</ref><ref name=kaye>{{cite web|title=Atlantic Bluefin Tuna: Wild, Farmed, or Neither?|last=Kaye|first=Leon|date=31 May 2011|url=http://www.triplepundit.com/2011/05/atlantic-bluefin-tuna-wild-farmed/|publisher=TriplePundit|accessdate=28 June 2013}}</ref> The British record which still stands is for a fish weighing {{convert|851|lb|0}} caught off Scarborough in 1933 by Laurie Mitchell-Henry.<ref name=independent /> On 5 June 1993 Scarborough made headlines around the world when a [[landslip]] caused part of the [[Holbeck Hall Hotel]], along with its gardens, to fall into the sea. Although the slip was shored up with rocks and the land has long since grassed over, evidence of the cliff's collapse remains clearly visible from The Esplanade, near Shuttleworth Gardens.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bgs.ac.uk/landslides/holbeckHall.html|title=Holbeck Hall landslide, Scarborough|publisher=British Geological Survey|accessdate=7 December 2014}}</ref> ==Climate== The climate is temperate with mild summers and cool, windy, winters. The hottest months of the year are July and August, with temperatures reaching an average high of 17&nbsp;°C and falling to 11&nbsp;°C at night. The average daytime temperatures in January are 4&nbsp;°C, falling to 1&nbsp;°C at night. The station's elevation of {{convert|110|m|ft}} is far above sea level compared to the immediate coastline, where the climate is likely slightly milder year round. {{Weather box |location = Scarborough |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan record high C = 15.0 |Feb record high C = 13.9 |Mar record high C = 20.0 |Apr record high C = 23.1 |May record high C = 25.1 |Jun record high C = 29.1 |Jul record high C = 27.5 |Aug record high C = 31.4 |Sep record high C = 24.7 |Oct record high C = 25.2 |Nov record high C = 16.7 |Dec record high C = 13.0 |year record high C= 31.4 |Jan high C = 6.4 |Feb high C = 6.7 |Mar high C = 8.8 |Apr high C = 11.0 |May high C = 13.5 |Jun high C = 16.5 |Jul high C = 19.0 |Aug high C = 19.0 |Sep high C = 16.5 |Oct high C = 12.9 |Nov high C = 9.3 |Dec high C = 6.7 |year high C = 12.2 |Jan low C = 1.7 |Feb low C = 1.5 |Mar low C = 2.9 |Apr low C = 4.6 |May low C = 7.1 |Jun low C = 9.8 |Jul low C = 12.0 |Aug low C = 12.1 |Sep low C = 10.3 |Oct low C = 7.6 |Nov low C = 4.3 |Dec low C = 2.2 |year low C = 6.4 |Jan record low C = -8.0 |Feb record low C = -8.4 |Mar record low C = -8.7 |Apr record low C = -5.0 |May record low C = -3.0 |Jun record low C = 0.1 |Jul record low C = 4.2 |Aug record low C = 3.2 |Sep record low C = 0.8 |Oct record low C = -2.4 |Nov record low C = -7.7 |Dec record low C = -9.1 |year record low C= -9.1 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 57.3 |Feb precipitation mm = 46.2 |Mar precipitation mm = 49.8 |Apr precipitation mm = 52.1 |May precipitation mm = 43.8 |Jun precipitation mm = 63.0 |Jul precipitation mm = 54.4 |Aug precipitation mm = 64.4 |Sep precipitation mm = 60.7 |Oct precipitation mm = 64.8 |Nov precipitation mm = 69.6 |Dec precipitation mm = 66.3 |unit rain days = 1.0 mm |Jan rain days = 12.2 |Feb rain days = 10.5 |Mar rain days = 10.4 |Apr rain days = 9.2 |May rain days = 8.6 |Jun rain days = 10.1 |Jul rain days = 9.5 |Aug rain days = 9.5 |Sep rain days = 9.3 |Oct rain days = 11.0 |Nov rain days = 12.4 |Dec rain days = 12.5 |Jan sun= 54.7 |Feb sun= 80.5 |Mar sun= 111.9 |Apr sun= 156.1 |May sun= 205.6 |Jun sun= 190.6 |Jul sun= 204.2 |Aug sun= 188.2 |Sep sun= 142.6 |Oct sun= 103.9 |Nov sun= 64.5 |Dec sun= 50.2 |year sun= |source 1 = [[Met Office]]<ref name="Met Averages">{{cite web|url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gcxsycyhg#averagesTable|title=Scarborough 1981–2010 averages|accessdate=18 September 2015|publisher=Met Office}}</ref> |source 2 = Voodoo Skies (extreme temperatures)<ref>http://voodooskies.com/weather/united-kingdom/scarborough/monthly/temperature</ref> |date=September 2015}} == Economy == [[File:BrunswickShoppingCentreInternal.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Brunswick shopping centre]]]] [[File:Merchants Street, Scarborough 061615.jpg|thumb|Eastborough. [[Scarborough Castle]] on skyline.]] Scarborough's fishing industry is still active, though much reduced in size. The working harbour is home to a fish market including a shop and wooden stalls where fresh, locally-caught seafood can be purchased by the public. The tourism trade continues to be a major part of the local economy with Scarborough being the second most-visited destination in England by British holidaymakers.<ref name=BBC>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-york-north-yorkshire-36459746|title=North Yorkshire coast 'among most visited destinations'|accessdate=20 September 2016|publisher=BBC News}}</ref> While weekend and mid-week-break trade are tending to replace the traditional week-long family holiday, the beaches and attractions are always very busy throughout summer, a marked contrast to the quieter winter months when Scarborough is often seen as a peaceful bolt-hole from cities such as Leeds and Bradford. Confidence in the hospitality industry is high, evidenced by major refits in recent years, often targeted at a higher-spending clientele. Significant amongst these is [[Grand Hotel (Scarborough)|the Grand]], Scarborough's biggest hotel, which overlooks the South Bay, and also the Palm Court Hotel. Scarborough's town centre has many major shopping chains alongside boutique independent shops. As well as a main pedestrianised shopping street (home to various chain stores and eateries) and the [[Brunswick shopping centre]], boutique stores can be found on Bar Street and St Thomas Street. The town also has an indoor market with a large range of antique shops and independent traders in its vaults, and a smaller market on the South Bay. [[W Boyes & Co]], a discount department store chain which has 44 stores across the north is based at Eastfield, on the outskirts of Scarborough. Its flagship store is located in Queen Street.<ref>{{cite news|title=Boyes expands but sticks with tradition|url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/boyes-expands-but-sticks-with-tradition-1-4605246|accessdate=9 April 2018|work=The Yorkshire Post|date=1 June 2012}}</ref> ===Industries=== Manufacturers based in Scarborough include the [[Plaxton|Plaxton Company]] (a division of [[Alexander Dennis]]) which has been building coaches and buses since 1907,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.plaxtonlimited.co.uk/about-us |publisher=Plaxton|title= About Us|year=2016|accessdate= 20 September 2016}}</ref> and Cast Iron Radiators Ltd.<ref>[http://www.castironradiators.ltd.uk/about-us-1-w.asp About Cast Iron Radiators Ltd] on official website. Retrieved 25 June 2017</ref> ===Creative industries=== Creative industries have been cited as playing a vital role in the regeneration of Scarborough; a report in 2005 estimated that they comprised 19% of the town's economy. They were also a major focus of Scarborough's winning entry in the 2008 Enterprising Britain competition, with representatives from Woodend Creative Workspace and Scarborough-based Electric Angel Design representing the town in the Yorkshire and Humber regional heats. In the finals in London on 16 October 2008, Scarborough won the title of Britain's Most Enterprising Town,<ref name="ScarboroughTriumphs"> {{cite news |last = Crothers |first = Laura |url =http://www.scarborougheveningnews.co.uk/news/Scarborough-triumphs-as-39most-enterprising.4604107.jp |title = Scarborough triumphs as 'most enterprising town in UK' |work = Scarborough Evening News |date = 17 October 2008 |accessdate = 26 August 2009 }} </ref> and subsequently went on to win the European Enterprise Awards as Great Britain's representative, on 13 May 2009 in [[Prague]].<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.scarborougheveningnews.co.uk/news/Scarborough-are-champions-of-Europe.5265861.jp |title = Scarborough are champions of Europe |last = Asquith |first = Ed |date = 14 May 2009 |work = Scarborough Evening News |accessdate=15 May 2009}}</ref> In 2010 the town was the winner of the 'Great Town Award', as nominated by the Academy of Urbanism, beating [[Chester]] and [[Cambridge]] respectively.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thescarboroughnews.co.uk/news/local/official-scarborough-is-the-best-town-in-britain-have-your-say-on-this-story-1-1464714 |title=Official – Scarborough is the best town in Britain|work=The Scarborough News |accessdate=31 October 2012 |date=23 November 2009}}</ref> === Media === The principal news outlet with origins dating back to July 1882 is ''The Scarborough News'', double winner of weekly title of the year at the O2 Yorkshire media awards, and borne from the ''Scarborough Evening News''.{{Citation needed|date=May 2018}} Scarborough is home to local commercial radio station, [[Yorkshire Coast Radio]] which provides a daily news service for the town with a team of journalists based at its studios in Eastfield, broadcasting on FM, DAB, and online.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://static.ofcom.org.uk/static/radiolicensing/html/radio-stations/analogue/al000158ba2yorkshirecoastradio.htm|title=Ofcom {{!}} Analogue Radio Stations|website=static.ofcom.org.uk|accessdate=27 February 2018}}</ref> DAB station [[Coast & County Radio]] is also based in Scarborough, featuring former [[ITV_(TV_network)|ITV]] and [[Price Drop]] star [[Greg Scott (presenter)|Greg Scott]] amongst its presenters.<ref>{{cite web|title=MEET OUR PRESENTERS|url=https://www.coastandcountyradio.co.uk/presenters/|website=Coast & County Radio|publisher=Coast & County Radio|accessdate=23 April 2018}}</ref> The town is also the home of the online only [[community radio]] station, Radio Scarborough.<ref>{{cite web|title=Radio Scarborough - Community Radio to entertain Scarborough and the world|url=http://www.radioscarborough.co.uk/|website=www.radioscarborough.co.uk|accessdate=9 April 2018}}</ref> The station was raided in August 2017 by [[Ofcom]] for illegally broadcasting their service.<ref>{{cite web|title=SBC’S SCARBOROUGH MARKET HALL RAIDED|url=http://nyenquirer.uk/sbcs-scarborough-market-hall-raided/|website=North Yorks Enquirer|publisher=North Yorks Enquirer|accessdate=23 April 2018}}</ref> ===Digital connectivity=== Scarborough's recent investment in digital connectivity is significant. The town has the UK's first free [[Wi-Fi]] seafront and harbour area and one of Europe's fastest internet connections (100MB).<ref name="University of Hull">{{cite web|title=University of Hull|url=http://www2.hull.ac.uk/scarborough/information-for-visitors/scarborough.aspx|work=The town of Scarborough|accessdate=3 April 2011}}</ref> In recent years, arts, business and education have collaborated annually to produce Digital Scarborough – a celebration of the town's digital activities including a wide range of events from business networking to film showings and gigs with DJs and [[VJ (video performance artist)|VJs]].{{citation needed|date=September 2014}} ===Healthcare=== [[Scarborough General Hospital]] is the local district general [[National Health Service|NHS]] hospital. It is run by the York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and is the largest employer in the area employing over 2,400 staff. == Demography == The population of the town (comprising Castle, Central, Eastfield, Falsgrave Park, Newby, North Bay, Northstead, Ramshill, Stepney, Weaponness and Woodlands wards) is just over 60,000. Scarborough is at the heart of an urban area of just under 100,000 residents, and the rest of the [[Borough of Scarborough]] has well over that figure; during the peak season, tourism can double the population. 7.5% of the population are aged over 60, compared with an average of 20.9% nationally. Only 21.9% of the population are aged between 20 and 39, compared to 28.1% nationally. ==Transport== Scarborough has four major roads serving the town; these also link it to other major towns and cities. *[[A64 road|A64]] – Main road that terminates in the town centre, linking Scarborough with [[Malton, North Yorkshire|Malton]], [[York]], [[Leeds]], the [[A19 road|A19]] and the [[A1 road (Great Britain)|A1(M)]]. This is the main tourist route to the town and is [[Dual Carriageway]] standard for some of its route (between the A1(M) and Malton). *[[A165 road|A165]] – This is the coastal route that links the town with [[Filey]], [[Bridlington]] and [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]]. In 2008, a new road was opened to bypass Osgodby to the south of Scarborough. This now forms part of the A165. *[[A170 road|A170]] – This links Scarborough to the [[North York Moors]] and [[Thirsk]] to the west. *[[A171 road|A171]] – This is the coastal route to the north that links the town with [[Whitby]] and [[Middlesbrough]]. [[File:Scarborough railway station MMB 17 185117.jpg|thumb|left|[[Scarborough railway station]]]] [[Scarborough railway station]] is close to the town centre and runs services from [[York railway station|York]], [[Leeds railway station|Leeds]], [[Manchester Piccadilly railway station|Manchester]] and [[Liverpool Lime Street railway station|Liverpool]] on the North [[TransPennine Express]] route and from [[Hull Paragon Interchange|Hull]] on the [[Yorkshire Coast Line]]. It has the longest station seat in the world at 152 yards (139 m) in length. The town used to be connected to Whitby via the [[Scarborough and Whitby Railway]] along the Yorkshire coast, however this was closed down in 1965 due to the Beeching cuts. There is also a railway station in the suburb of [[Seamer railway station|Crossgates]]. Scarborough has 25 main bus routes, operated by [[East Yorkshire Motor Services|Scarborough and District]], [[Arriva North East]], Shoreline Suncruisers, and [[Yorkshire Coastliner]]. These link the town centre with its suburbs and local towns and cities such as [[Leeds]], [[York]], [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]], [[Middlesbrough]] and the [[North York Moors]]. The town is also served by two [http://www.scarboroughparkandride.co.uk Park and Ride] services, with its locations located on the A64 and A165. Buses run from each terminus to the town centre and South Bay at least every 12 minutes seven days a week, with stopping points around the town centre. Buses from the Filey Road terminus on the A165 also stop at the [[University of Hull Scarborough Campus|University]]. Open top tourist buses also run along the sea front and Marine Drive, linking the South and North bays. Although the town has no ferry services, there are transport links to [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]] which runs frequent services to northern Europe. ==Culture== [[File:The Stephen Joseph Theatre in Scarborough.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Stephen Joseph Theatre]]]] ===Live theatre=== Dramatist [[Alan Ayckbourn]] has lived in Scarborough for many years. He has produced seventy-five plays in Scarborough and was the artistic director of the famous [[Stephen Joseph Theatre]], where almost all his plays receive their first performance. Chris Monks took over as artistic director in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2009/apr/30/alan-ayckbourn-chris-monks-scarborough|title=Ayckbourn steps down as artistic director|work=The Guardian |date=29 April 2009 |accessdate=13 August 2012}}</ref> The town also hosts the annual [[National Student Drama Festival]] at the Stephen Joseph Theatre, the Spa Centre and other venues. The [[Scarborough Open Air Theatre|Open Air Theatre]], seating 6,500, has been recently restored and was officially opened by [[Elizabeth II|The Queen]] on 20 May 2010.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/north_yorkshire/8694256.stm|title=Queen opens Scarborough open air theatre|date=20 May 2010|work=BBC News Online|publisher=BBC|accessdate=21 May 2010}}</ref> The YMCA Theatre is an amateur theatre seating 290. It is very well equipped and hosts some 35 productions a year, including musicals and dance shows.<ref>{{cite web|last=|title=Scarborough YMCA:Theatre Hire|url=http://scarborough.ymca.org.uk/theatre-hire|accessdate=14 April 2013}}</ref> ===Cinema=== {{As of|2014}}, Scarborough has two cinemas, the Hollywood Plaza and the Stephen Joseph Theatre. A third, the [[Futurist Theatre]], closed in January 2014 when the operator's lease expired.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/main-topics/general-news/scarborough-s-futurist-theatre-closes-as-saviour-is-sought-1-6354622|title=Scarborough’s Futurist Theatre closes as saviour is sought|date=6 January 2014|work=Yorkshire Post|accessdate=9 January 2014}}</ref> ===Creative arts and museums=== [[File:Rotunda Museum Scarborough 060615.JPG|thumb|The Rotunda Museum.]] Scarborough has a long-established museum and visual-arts facilities. Wood End, the former home of [[The Sitwells]], was converted into the Woodend museum,<ref group="note">The museum is listed as being Wood End, but is shown on the same page as Woodend since its revamp</ref> a creative centre including workspace for artists and the digital cluster, plus an exhibition space.<ref>{{cite web|title=About us|url=http://www.woodendcreative.co.uk/about-us.html|website=Woodend Creative Scarborough|accessdate=20 September 2016|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161015205149/http://woodendcreative.co.uk/about-us.html|archivedate=15 October 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The [[Rotunda Museum]] underwent a multimillion-pound redevelopment to become a national centre for geology.<ref name="Rotunda"> {{cite web |last = |title = Rotunda Museum Redevelopment Begins |publisher = Scarborough Borough Council |date = 28 September 2006 |url = http://www.scarborough.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=12099 |accessdate = 26 August 2009 }}</ref> 2006 also saw the formation of a creative industries network called 'Creative Coast' comprising artists, designers, writers and other creatives with the shared vision of a culturally vibrant economy on the North Yorkshire coast.<ref name="CreativeCoast"> {{cite web |last = |title = Creative Coast: The North Yorkshire Coast Creative Industries Network |publisher = Creative Coast |url = http://www.creativecoast.net/ |accessdate = 26 August 2009 }}</ref> Scarborough has a considerable [[graffiti]] culture, with as many as 20 'writers' currently active. There are two areas where graffiti art is legal in Scarborough, [[Sainsbury's]] basketball courts / all-weather pitch and Falsgrave Park wall. Both have seen many collaborations and murals. ===Music=== The Grade II [[Listed building|listed]] [[The Spa, Scarborough|Scarborough Spa complex]] is home to the [http://www.scarboroughspaorchestra.co.uk Scarborough Spa Orchestra], the last remaining seaside orchestra in the UK.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Winn|first1=Christopher|title=I never knew that about Yorkshire|date=2010|publisher=Ebury|location=London|isbn=978-0-09-193313-5|page=85|edition=1}}</ref> The orchestra gives ten concerts every week during the summer months, playing music from an extensive repertoire of classical and light music with no programme repeats. {{Citation needed|date=August 2011}} It became famous during the 1950s and 1960s when concerts from the Palm Court in Scarborough were frequently featured on [[BBC radio]], conducted by [[Max Jaffa]]. Former conductors include the composer of the waltz 'Nights of Gladness', [[Charles Ancliffe]].{{citation needed|date=November 2015}} The globally successful pop / soul singer [[Robert Palmer (singer)|Robert Palmer]] spent his teenage years in Scarborough, attending Scarborough Boys' High School.<ref>{{cite web|title=Robert Palmer|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/northyorkshire/content/articles/2008/05/09/robert_palmer_profile_feature.shtml|website=Profiles York & North Yorkshire|publisher=BBC|accessdate=24 June 2016}}</ref> In November 1987 the town was chosen as the venue for the first-ever [[Eurovision]] fan club convention. Members of the then fan club, Europa-UK, gathered in the [[Palm Court Hotel]] for the first such event to be held in the UK.{{citation needed|date=November 2015}} During the late 1980s and the first half of the 1990s, Scarborough band [[Little Angels]] were one of the most well-known hard rock bands in the UK. Their third and final studio album, [[Jam (album)|Jam]], peaked at #1 on the UK charts in early 1993.<ref>{{cite news|title=Reunion for Little Angels?|url=http://www.thescarboroughnews.co.uk/what-s-on/gigs-music/reunion-for-little-angels-1-3824949|accessdate=24 June 2016|work=The Scarborough News|date=30 September 2011}}</ref> The town is home to the annual [[Scarborough Jazz Festival]] which takes place each September at [[The Spa, Scarborough|The Spa Complex]], and features internationally renowned musicians. Between 2001 and 2008 an eclectic rock and pop festival known as '[[Beached Festival|Beached]]' took place on the sands of South Bay. In summer 2005, Scarborough played host to the [[Sonic Arts Network]] Expo.{{citation needed|date=November 2015}} 'Acoustic Gathering', a free one-day music festival, has been held annually in Peasholm Park since September 2005. This features over 20 bands and singer/songwriters from all parts of the UK including a number of local groups and musicians, all performing from the bandstand in the centre of the lake.<ref name="BlastArts2006"> {{cite web |last = Jackson |first = Alex |title = Blast Arts 2006 – A musical treat! |date = 16 September 2006 |publisher = BBC North Yorkshire |url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/northyorkshire/content/articles/2006/09/14/a_musical_treat_feature.shtml |accessdate = 26 August 2009 }} </ref> Singer-songwriter [[Ashley Hicklin]] grew up in Scarborough and recorded a music video for the song "All The Time in the World" at Scarborough's Spa Complex and in the amusement arcades.{{citation needed|date=November 2015}} The indie band [[One Night Only (band)|One Night Only]] also recorded a video in Scarborough for their song "Just for Tonight". It features Scarborough's South Bay and the amusement arcades.{{citation needed|date=November 2015}} ==Notable events== ===Seafest=== Seafest is an annual festival which takes place at West Pier and around the harbour area in July/<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thescarboroughnews.co.uk/lifestyle/entertainment/nautical-but-nice-seafest-is-launched-1-4717867|title=Seafest launch|work=The Scarborough News |date=6 July 2012 |accessdate=13 August 2012}}</ref> It celebrates the region's fishing history and hosts a large gathering of folk singers, shantymen and musicians, drawing artists from all over the U.K. and from other nations including Senegal, Sicily, Canada, Éire, Luxembourg, Germany, the Netherlands, Brittany and the USA. In addition there are children's entertainments and a 'Sea Fish Cookery' marquee where visiting chefs demonstrate seafood preparation. ===Heroes Welcome UK=== [[Heroes Welcome UK|Heroes Welcome]] is a movement which originated in and is administered from Scarborough to encourage communities to demonstrate support to members of the armed forces.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bournemouth.co.uk/business/heroes-welcome|title=Bournemouth Business|accessdate=10 September 2014}}</ref> In 2008 a hand-drawn poster stating ''"Heroes Welcome Here"'' was displayed in a Scarborough seafront restaurant.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.scarborougheveningnews.co.uk/news/local/launch_of_give_our_boys_a_boost_1_1419189 |title= Launch of 'Give Our Boys A Boost' |work=Scarborough Evening News |date=6 May 2008|accessdate=21 December 2011}}</ref> From this gesture has evolved a national network of towns, cities and counties.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/defence/8225686/Heroes-Welcome-scheme-for-troops-snowballs-across-Britain.html |title=Heroes Welcome scheme for troops snowballs across Britain |work=Daily Telegraph |last=Harding|first= Thomas |date=13 January 2011|accessdate=21 December 2011}}</ref> Businesses are invited to display a sticker extending a special welcome to service personnel. Member communities are located as far north as the Oykle Valley in the Scottish Highlands to as far south as the Falkland Islands. The Rock of Gibraltar joined in February 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chronicle.gi/headlines_details.php?id=27773|title=Gibraltar Chronicle - The Independent Daily First Published 1801|publisher=|accessdate=10 September 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193319/http://www.chronicle.gi/headlines_details.php?id=27773|archivedate=29 October 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ===Location for filming=== The films ''[[Little Voice (film)|Little Voice]]'',<ref name="LittleVoiceIMDb"> {{cite web |last = |title = Little Voice (1998) – Filming locations |publisher = IMDb: The Internet Movie Database |date = |url = https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0147004/locations |accessdate = 26 August 2009 }} </ref> ''[[Possession (2002 film)|Possession]]'', and ''[[A Chorus of Disapproval (film)|A Chorus of Disapproval]]''<ref name="DisapprovalIMDb"> {{cite web |last = |title = A Chorus of Disapproval (1988) – Filming locations |publisher = IMDb: The Internet Movie Database |url = https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0094871/locations |accessdate = 26 August 2009 }} </ref> were filmed on location in Scarborough and surrounds. Also filmed in the district were scenes from ''[[Miranda (2002 film)|Miranda]]'', ''[[Dancing Queen (1993 film)|Dancing Queen]]'', ''Beltenbros'', ''[[The Brides in the Bath]]'' and ''[[The Damned United]]''. Television series filmed in the area include ''[[Heartbeat (UK TV series)|Heartbeat]]'', its spin-off series ''[[The Royal]]'', ''[[CBBC (TV channel)|CBBC]]'''s ''[[All at Sea (2013 TV Series)|All At Sea]]'', BBC1's ''[[Rosie (TV series)|Rosie]]'', and scenes from the second series of ''[[Five Days (TV series)|Five Days]]''. The 2015 series of The Syndicate starring Anthony Andrews, Melanie Hill and Lenny Henry also filmed scenes in Scarborough. ==Twinning== Scarborough is twinned with: *[[Osterode am Harz]], Germany {{flagicon|Germany}} *[[Cahir]], Ireland {{flagicon|Ireland}} ==Education== [[File:Hull uni scarborough front.jpg|thumb|right|[[University of Hull Scarborough Campus]]]] The town has a small higher education institution, the [[University of Hull: Scarborough Campus]], due to close in summer 2017. In 2015, [[Coventry University Scarborough Campus]] opened with a small first cohort and moved from temporary accommodation to a purpose-built site in September 2016. Ultimately, the university will cater for 3000 students studying an innovative, intensive pattern of study. Further Education is provided by [[Yorkshire Coast College]] and [[Scarborough Sixth Form College]]. The six main state secondary schools in Scarborough are [[Graham School]], [[George Pindar School]], [[Scalby School]], and [[St Augustine's Catholic School]]. [[Raincliffe School]] formally closed on 31 August 2012, merging with Graham School (the Raincliffe site closed completely on 23 June 2017). In September 2016, [[Scarborough University Technical College]] (UTC) opened for 14-18 year olds. The campus is part of a £47 million pound development including [[Coventry University Scarborough Campus]] and a sports village in the Weaponness Valley.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gavaghan|first1=Carl|title=Scarborough's new UTC opens its doors|url=http://www.thescarboroughnews.co.uk/news/education/scarborough-s-new-utc-opens-its-doors-1-8120596|accessdate=10 October 2016|work=The Scarborough News|date=13 September 2016}}</ref> Scarborough is also home to one private school, [[Scarborough College]] (for ages 3 to 18 years). Scarborough College abolished A-levels and has been an [[International Baccalaureate]] (IB) World School since June 2006. Ranked within Top 50 independent schools by The Times based on post-16 results, 2017. Scarborough International School of English,<ref name="Scarborough International School of English">{{cite web | last = | first = | title = Scarborough International School of English | publisher = SIS | date = | url = http://www.english-language.uk.com | accessdate = 8 March 2010}}</ref> established in 1968 is accredited by the British Council and members of English UK and English UK North. The school offers English Language courses to students from around the world. There is also a private international language school called Anglolang,<ref name="Anglolang">{{cite web | last = | first = | title = Anglolang – English language courses in Scarborough | publisher = Anglolang | date = | url = http://www.anglolang.com/ | accessdate = 26 August 2009}}</ref> established in 1985, which teaches the English language to overseas students, companies, educational institutions, organised groups and individuals. Education in Scarborough is notable for its commitment to the digital economy with 2006 seeing the formation of the University of Hull's School of Arts and New Media, at the Scarborough Campus. Scarborough is one of the UK mainland's first wireless campuses.<ref name="UniHullScarboroughCampus"> {{cite web |last = |url = http://www.hull.ac.uk/scarborough/support/IT/wireless.html |title = The University of Hull: Scarborough Campus |publisher = The University of Hull |accessdate = 26 August 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070910072934/http://www.hull.ac.uk/scarborough/support/IT/wireless.html |archivedate=10 September 2007 }}</ref> == Sport == {{refimprove section|date=May 2015}} {{Infobox lighthouse | item = Q26550904 | name = Scarborough Pier Lighthouse<br>''St. Vincents Pier'' | image_name = Scarborough Lighthouse.jpg | image_width = | caption = Scarborough lighthouse, home to Scarborough Yacht Club | location = Scarborough, England | pushpin_map = | relief = | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin = lighthouse | pushpin_label_position = | coordinates = {{coord|54.281882|-0.389905|display=inline}} | coordinates_footnotes = | yearbuilt = 1806 (first) | yearlit = 1931 (current) | automated = | yeardeactivated = 1914-1931 (first) | foundation = | construction = brick tower | shape = cylindrical tower with balcony and lantern attached to a 2-storey keeper’s house used as clubhouse by the Scarborough Yacht Club since 1952 | marking = white tower, lantern and keeper’s house | height = {{convert|15|m|ft}} | focalheight = {{convert|17|m|ft}} | lens = | currentlens = | lightsource = mains power | intensity = | range = | characteristic = Iso W 5s. | fogsignal = blast every 60s. | racon = | admiralty = A2592 | canada = | NGA = 1976 | ARLHS = ENG-121 | USCG = | country = | countrynumber = | countrylink = | managingagent = Scarborough Yacht Club<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/engne.htm |title=Scarborough Pier|work= The Lighthouse Directory|publisher= University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|accessdate= 6 May 2016}}</ref> | heritage = &nbsp; | module ={{infobox designation list | embed=yes | designation1 = Grade II | designation1_date = 8 June 1973 | designation1_number = {{NHLE|num=1259819|short=yes}}<ref>{{NHLE|num=1259819|desc=Lighthouse|accessdate=10 April 2018}}</ref> }} }} The Scarborough Amateur [[watercraft rowing|Rowing]] Club was founded in May 1869, and is the oldest surviving rowing club on the [[North East England|north-east]] coast.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thescarboroughnews.co.uk/lifestyle/nostalgia/nostalgia-amateur-rowers-in-scarborough-s-south-bay-1-8139456|title=Nostalgia: Amateur rowers in Scarborough’s South Bay |date=22 September 2016|work=The Scarborough News|accessdate=22 October 2016}}</ref> For more than 100 years, sea rowing has taken place on the Yorkshire coast between the [[Tees]] and the [[Humber]]. Beginning with friendly rivalry between the fishermen and the jet miners from [[Blyth, Northumberland|Blyth]] (the German Ocean Race), the sport has progressed to what it is today. More recent successes for the club include Bob Hewitt, who now competes as a [[lightweight]] rower for the national team. In 2006 the club finally won the acclaimed Wilson Cup, until then held by rival clubs in neighbouring town [[Whitby]] for over eighty years. Rowing takes place throughout the summer months. The [[Blue Riband]] event for Scarborough Yacht Club, is the annual 210 [[nautical mile]] race, from the town, to [[IJmuiden]] in the [[Netherlands]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.syc.org.uk|title=Yacht Club website|author=|publisher=Scarborough Yacht Club|accessdate=10 September 2014}}</ref> The Yacht Club is based in the old keepers' accommodation adjoining the lighthouse in the harbour. The lighthouse itself dates from 1806, but it had to be rebuilt following damage sustained in the bombardment of 1914. It is still an active light and is owned and operated by the borough council.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lighthousedigest.com/digest/StoryPage.cfm?StoryKey=2183|title=Historical info on lighthousedigest.com|publisher=|accessdate=10 September 2014}}</ref> Scarborough is home to the [[Oliver's Mount]] racing circuit. This track is composed of twisty public roads and has played host to domestic motorcycling and rallying events for many years. Noted motorcycle racers who have raced at Oliver's Mount include [[Barry Sheene]], [[Ron Haslam]] and [[Guy Martin]]. The town was the home of the 2nd [[RAC Rally]] in 1952. [[Scarborough Cricket Club (England)|Scarborough Cricket Club]] have won the [[ECB National Club Cricket Championship]] at [[Lord's]], on five occasions between 1972 and 1982, a record number of victories. The club also hosts the annual [[Scarborough Festival|Scarborough Cricket Festival]], and [[Yorkshire County Cricket Club|Yorkshire]] play at [[North Marine Road]], in a selection of home fixtures throughout the season. The club has competed in the [[Yorkshire Premier League North]] since 2016. The club has enjoyed great success in the Yorkshire League, in the past. The former [[Scarborough F.C.|Scarborough Football Club]] enjoyed a career in the [[Football League]] during the 1990s before being relegated to the Conference North in 2006 and to the [[Northern Premier League]] the following year. One of its greatest achievements was winning the [[FA Trophy]] at [[Wembley Stadium (1923)|Wembley Stadium]] on three occasions and being runners-up on one. They also held the distinction of being the first club to win automatic promotion to the [[Football League]], when in 1987 they were promoted as champions of the [[Football Conference|GM Vauxhall Conference]]. In 2007 a new club, [[Scarborough Athletic F.C.|Scarborough Athletic]], was formed and they play their home matches at the [[Flamingo Land Stadium]], in the town.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.yorkshirecoastradio.com/news/local-news/2322118/flamingo-land-to-sponsor-scarborough-stadium/|title=Flamingo Land to Sponsor Scarborough Stadium|date=4 July 2017|work=Yorkshire Coast Radio|accessdate=20 March 2018}}</ref> In 2007, the town hosted the World Thundercat Championships (for inflatable powerboats), and similar events in 2008 and 2015. Scarborough Rugby Union Football Club moved to a new £4-million ground development, on the outskirts of town in January 2009 (Silver Royd), the club is very ambitious and reached the semi-finals of the National Intermediate Cup, in 2015. The venue is also home to Scarborough Athletic Club and many sports facilities. The nationally achieving Scarborough Gymnastics Academy, has a highly developed specialist facility in the west of the town. Scarborough Sports Centre was a past venue for international tennis tournaments, attracting such stars as [[Fred Perry]], [[Rod Laver]] and [[Pancho Gonzales]]. Scarborough Indoor Bowls Centre is utilized for a variety of events, throughout the year. The town has two principal golf courses, North Cliff and South Cliff, plus some smaller ventures. [[Ganton Golf Club]], which has hosted tournaments such as the [[Ryder Cup]] and [[Walker Cup]], is situated approximately 8 miles to the west of Scarborough. [[George Pindar School]], which is based at [[Eastfield, North Yorkshire|Eastfield]], is a Sports Community College, and is home to [[Scarborough Pirates ARLFC]], Scarborough Seahawks Basketball and formerly Scarborough Hockey Club, who are now at [[Scarborough College]]. The centre also boasts a state-of-the-art [[Tennis]] facility. Scarborough Table Tennis Centre is located at [[Graham School]]. A national martial arts organisation, [[The Empire Martial Arts Association]], is based in Scarborough. The Tourist Information Centre in the South Bay is the finishing point of [[The White Rose Way]], a long distance walk from [[Leeds]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://yorkshiretimes.co.uk/article/Walk-the-White-Rose-Way-from-Leeds-to-Scarborough|title=Walk the White Rose Way from Leeds to Scarborough|date=16 April 2012|work=The Yorkshire Times|accessdate=22 October 2016}}</ref> [[Scarborough Sea Anglers]] is an [[internet forum]] dedicated to recreational [[Angling|sea fishing]], a popular local pastime. Scarborough was the finishing point, for Stage 1 of the inaugural [[2015 Tour de Yorkshire]], hosted on 1 May, and has hosted a stage finish every year since.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.yorkshirecoastradio.com/news/local-news/2446985/tour-de-yorkshire-filey-in---scarborough-hosts-finish/|title=Tour de Yorkshire: Filey In - Scarborough Hosts Finish|date=5 December 2017|work=Yorkshire Coast Radio|accessdate=20 March 2018}}</ref> A sports village based in Weaponness Valley, that is now the home stadium of [[Scarborough Athletic F.C.|Scarborough Athletic]], was opened in July 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sutcliffe|first1=Richard|title=Long road home finally at an end for Scarborough Athletic|url=http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/sport/football/long-road-home-finally-at-an-end-for-scarborough-athletic-1-8651172|accessdate=13 October 2017|work=The Yorkshire Post|date=15 July 2017}}</ref> In recent decades, due to frequent low pressure systems in the North Atlantic, Scarborough has also become home to a thriving cold water surfing scene with numerous surf shops and competitions taking place including the King of The Point, a big wave contest designed to show off the quality of surf the North Yorkshire coast can receive.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://secretspot.co.uk/Blog/king-of-the-point-surf-contest-east-coast-uk-381.aspx|title=King Of The Point Surf Contest East Coast UK|website=secretspot.co.uk|accessdate=22 December 2017}}</ref> ==Notable people== :''For a fuller list, see [[:Category:People from Scarborough, North Yorkshire]]''. *[[Robert de Scardeburgh]] (died c. 1351), [[Lord Chief Justice of Ireland]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hunt|first1=William|title=The Dictionary of National Biography 1885 - 1900 Volume 50|date=1904|publisher=Smith, Elder & Co|location=London|page=398}}</ref> *[[Frederic Leighton, 1st Baron Leighton]] (1830–1896), painter and sculptor.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lord Frederic Leighton|url=http://www.scarboroughcivicsociety.org.uk/Frederic-Lord-Leighton.php|website=Scarborough Civic Society|accessdate=26 June 2016}}</ref> *[[Sir Edward James Harland, 1st Baronet]] (1831–1895), shipbuilder and politician, co-founder of [[Harland and Wolff]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Raising Titanic idea|url=http://www.thescarboroughnews.co.uk/news/local/raising-titanic-idea-1-4129550|accessdate=26 June 2016|work=The Scarborough News|date=12 January 2012}}</ref> *[[The Sitwells]], (b. late 1800s), artistic, musical and literary family.<ref>{{cite news|title=At home with the Sitwells|url=http://www.thescarboroughnews.co.uk/news/local/at-home-with-the-sitwells-1-1456558|accessdate=26 June 2016|work=The Scarborough News|date=24 July 2009}}</ref> *[[James Paul Moody]], (1887–1912), Sixth Officer of the [[RMS Titanic]] *[[Charles Laughton]] (1899–1962), actor, screenwriter, film producer and director.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Callow|first1=Simon|title=Charles Laughton: Dazzling player of monsters, misfits and kings|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/9700251/Charles-Laughton-dazzling-player-of-monsters-misfits-and-kings.html|accessdate=24 June 2016|work=The Telegraph|date=24 November 2012}}</ref> *[[John Hick]] (1922-2012), philosopher of religion.<ref>{{cite news|title=Professor John Hick Obituary|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/religion-obituaries/9087324/Professor-John-Hick.html|accessdate=26 June 2016|work=The Telegraph|date=16 February 2012}}</ref> *[[Alan Ayckbourn]] (b. 1939), playwright.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Thorpe|first1=Vanessa|title=Alan Ayckbourn's cherished Scarborough theatre fights for survival|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2011/mar/27/alan-ayckbourn-scarborough-theatre-threat|accessdate=20 September 2016|work=The Guardian|date=27 March 2011}}</ref> *[[Susan Hill]] (b. 1942), novelist.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Eden|first1=Richard|title=Husband of The Woman in Black author Susan Hill exits, stage left|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/10502830/Husband-of-The-Woman-in-Black-author-Susan-Hill-exits-stage-left.html|accessdate=26 June 2016|work=The Telegraph|date=8 December 2013}}</ref> *[[Dick Hewitt]] (1943–2017), [[Moorthorpe]]-born footballer.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dowey|first1=Martin|title=Boro legend Hewitt passes away|url=http://www.thescarboroughnews.co.uk/news/boro-legend-hewitt-passes-away-1-8800563|accessdate=13 October 2017|work=The Scarborough News|date=12 October 2017}}</ref> *Sir [[Ben Kingsley]] (b. 1943), (b. [[Snainton]], 1943), Oscar-winning actor.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Haywood|first1=Jo|title=Oscar winning actor Sir Ben Kingsley returns to his Yorkshire beginnings|journal=Yorkshire Life|date=12 January 2010|url=http://www.yorkshirelife.co.uk/people/celebrity-interviews/oscar_winning_actor_sir_ben_kingsley_returns_to_his_yorkshire_beginnings_1_1632215|accessdate=24 June 2016}}</ref> *Dame [[Penelope Wilton]] (b. 1946), actress.<ref>{{cite news|title=Scarborough-born actress Penelope Wilton picks up first Olivier Award|url=http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/scarborough-born-actress-penelope-wilton-picks-up-first-olivier-award-1-7205995|accessdate=26 June 2016|work=Yorkshire Post|date=12 April 2015}}</ref> *[[John Senior]] (b. 1960), survivor of the [[Lakonia disaster]] and founder of [[Heroes Welcome UK]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Titley|first=Chris|title=Scarborough's John Senior|journal=Yorkshire Life|url=http://www.yorkshirelife.co.uk/people/scarborough_s_john_senior_fighting_to_support_british_troops_with_heroes_welcome_1_1643921||accessdate=27 June 2016}}</ref> *[[Paul Ingle]] (b. 1972), former [[List of featherweight boxing champions|IBF featherweight]] champion.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ingle back up off canvas 15 years after fight that nearly killed him|url=http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/sport/boxing/ingle-back-up-off-canvas-15-years-after-fight-that-nearly-killed-him-1-7287087|accessdate=29 June 2016|work=Yorkshire Post|date=1 June 2015}}</ref> * [[Jake Pratt]] (b. 1996), English actor ==Gallery== <gallery> File:Scarborough in snow.JPG|Scarborough in snow File:Scarborough2.jpg|The South Bay File:scarboroughwithbridge.JPG|Spa Bridge (footbridge) File:The Grand Hotel.jpg|The [[Grand Hotel (Scarborough)|Grand Hotel]] File:Scarborough Police Box.jpg|An old seafront [[police box]] File:Scarbbelle.jpg|The "Belle" at [[Scarborough, North Yorkshire#Sport|Scarborough Lighthouse]] 2007 File:Scarborough, North Yorkshire - WWI poster.jpg|First World War recruitment poster depicting the effects of the German bombardment of Scarborough in 1914 File:The Spa and the Grand Hotel, Scarborough - geograph.org.uk - 807308.jpg|The Spa and the Grand Hotel File:Scarborough Marina.jpg|Scarborough Marina and Harbour with the Castle in view </gallery> ==Environs== {{Geographic location |title = '''Destinations from Scarborough''' |Northwest = [[Whitby]], [[Robin Hood's Bay]] |North = [[North Sea]] |Northeast = [[North Sea]] |West = [[Pickering, North Yorkshire|Pickering]] |Centre = Scarborough |East = [[North Sea]] |Southwest = [[Seamer, Scarborough|Seamer]] |South = [[Cayton]] |Southeast = [[Filey]] }} == See also == *[[Soundwave Festival]] *[[Scarborough Castle]] *[[Scarborough Fair Collection]] *[[Beached Festival]] *[[Scarborough North Bay Railway]] *[[Raincliffe Woods]] *[[Opera House Casino, Scarborough|Opera House Casino]] *[[Scarborough College]] *[[Radio 270]] *[[St James with Holy Trinity Church, Scarborough]] *[[Scarborough Tramways Company]] *[[Scarborough Maritime Heritage Centre]] *[[Anne Brontë]] ==Notes== {{reflist|group="note"}} ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ===Bibliography=== * {{cite web | first = Emily Wortis | last = Leider | title = A writer's resort | publisher = ''[[New York Times]]'' | date = 14 October 1990 | url = https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE4DB173DF937A25753C1A966958260&sec=travel&spon=&pagewanted=print | accessdate = 10 September 2014}} * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=64705 The Borough of Scarborough], in William Page (ed.) (1923), ''A History of the County of York North Riding: Volume 2'', [[Victoria County History]] series, pp.&nbsp;538–560. == External links == {{Commons category|Scarborough, North Yorkshire}} {{Wikivoyage|Scarborough}} <!--======================== {{No more links}} ============================ | PLEASE BE CAUTIOUS IN ADDING MORE LINKS TO THIS ARTICLE. Wikipedia | | is not a collection of links nor should it be used for advertising. | | | | Excessive or inappropriate links WILL BE DELETED. | | See [[Wikipedia:External links]] & [[Wikipedia:Spam]] for details. | ======================= {{No more links}} =============================--> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140910195807/http://www.scarborough-heritage.org/main/index.asp Scarborough Archaeological and Historical Society] * [http://www.discoveryorkshirecoast.com/scarborough.aspx Official tourism website] * [http://www.thescarboroughnews.co.uk The Scarborough News] * Dalrymple, Theodore: [http://www.spectator.co.uk/features/6916348/scarborough-unfair/ Scarborough unfair] at ''[[The Spectator]]'', 7 May 2011 {{Navboxes |list1 = {{North Yorkshire}} {{Coastal settlements |place = North Yorkshire |settlement = Scarborough |anticlockwise = [[Ravenscar, North Yorkshire|Ravenscar]] |clockwise = [[Osgodby, Scarborough|Osgodby]] }} {{Lighthouses in England}} }} [[Category:Scarborough, North Yorkshire|*]] [[Category:966 establishments]] [[Category:Populated places established in the 10th century]] [[Category:Seaside resorts in England]] [[Category:Towns in North Yorkshire]] [[Category:Bays of North Yorkshire]] [[Category:Ports and harbours of Yorkshire]] [[Category:Populated coastal places in North Yorkshire]] [[Category:Viking Age populated places]] [[Category:Beaches of North Yorkshire]] [[Category:Rally GB]] [[Category:10th-century establishments in England]]'
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'{{For|the larger local government district which includes the town|Borough of Scarborough}} {{Other uses|Scarborough (disambiguation)}} {{Use British English|date=September 2014}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}} {{Infobox UK place |country = England |official_name = Scarborough |coordinates = {{coord|54.2773|-0.4017|display=inline,title}} |population = 61,749 |statistic_title = Urban |statistic = 108,600 |population_ref = <ref name="BUA">{{cite web | url=http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/articles/747.aspx|title=2011 Census – Built-up areas| work= | publisher=[[Office for National Statistics]] | accessdate=15 August 2013}}</ref> |shire_district = [[Borough of Scarborough|Scarborough]] |region = Yorkshire and the Humber |shire_county = [[North Yorkshire]] |constituency_westminster = [[Scarborough and Whitby (UK Parliament constituency)|Scarborough and Whitby]] |post_town = SCARBOROUGH |postcode_district = YO11 – YO13 |postcode_area = YO | population_demonym = Scarborian |dial_code = 01723 |os_grid_reference = TA040880 |static_image_name = Scarborough, North Yorkshire. (4 of 7).jpg |static_image_caption = Scarborough in September 2012 |label_position = left | london_distance_mi= 190 | london_direction= S }} '''Scarborough''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|k|ɑr|b|ər|ə}})<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/scarborough|title=Scarborough|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|accessdate=10 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/Scarborough?q=Scarborough+|title=Scarborough|work=[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'|accessdate=10 September 2014}}</ref> is a town on the [[North Sea]] coast of [[North Yorkshire]], England. [[Historic counties of England|Historically]] part of the [[North Riding of Yorkshire]], the town lies between 10–230 feet (3–70 m) above sea level, rising steeply northward and westward from the harbour on to [[limestone]] cliffs. The older part of the town lies around the harbour and is protected by a rocky headland. With a population of just over 61,000, Scarborough is the largest [[seaside resort|holiday resort]] on the Yorkshire coast. The town has fishing and service industries, including a growing digital and creative economy, as well as being a [[Seaside resort|tourist destination]]. People who live in the town are known as Scarborians.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thescarboroughnews.co.uk/news/centenary-tribute-to-a-famous-scarborian-1-1429933|title=Centenary tribute to a famous Scarborian|date=3 September 2008|work=The Scarborough News|accessdate=22 October 2016}}</ref> ==Geography== {{wide image|SouthBay Panorama.jpg|1000px|alt=Panorama of South Bay|The promontory with its castle, viewed from the south.}} The most striking feature of the town's geography is the high rocky promontory pointing eastward into the [[North Sea]].<ref>{{NHLE|desc=Scarborough Castle: Iron Age settlement, Roman signal station, Anglo-Scandinavian settlement and chapel, C12 enclosure castle and C18 battery|num=1011374|grade=<!--Not applicable to this entry-->|accessdate=8 April 2018}}</ref> The promontory supports the 11th-century ruins of [[Scarborough Castle]] and divides the seafront into two bays, north and south.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Somerville|first1=Christopher|title=Robin Hood’s Bay, North Yorkshire|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/a-good-walk-robin-hoods-bay-north-yorkshire-9r5zxnxz9|accessdate=8 April 2018|work=The Times|date=10 September 2016|subscription=yes}}</ref> [[File:Scarborough North Yorkshire England 2.jpg|thumb|260px|Scarborough's South Bay from Cliff Street]] The South Bay was the site of the original medieval settlement and harbour, which form the old town.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hewson|first1=David|title=Travel: Feelin' groovy? So is Scarborough: The north-east coast resort|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/travel-feelin-groovy-so-is-scarborough-the-north-east-coast-resort-found-its-true-character-when-it-2323088.html|accessdate=8 April 2018|work=The Independent|date=15 May 1993}}</ref> This remains the main tourist area, with a sandy beach, cafés, amusements, arcades, theatres and entertainment facilities. The modern commercial town centre has migrated {{convert|440|yd|m}} north-west of the harbour area and {{convert|100|ft|m}} above it and contains the transport hubs, main services, shopping and nightlife. The harbour has undergone major regeneration including the new [[Albert Strange]] Pontoons,<ref> {{cite web |url = http://www.albertstrange.org/?p=209 |title = The Albert Strange Moorings at Scarborough |publisher = The Albert Strange Association |date = 23 July 2008 |accessdate = 12 September 2008 |last = Wynne |first = Dick }} </ref> a more pedestrian-friendly promenade, street lighting and seating. [[File:ScarboroughNorthBay-Spring2006.JPG|thumb|left|The North Bay]]The North Bay has traditionally been the more peaceful end of the resort and is home to [[Peasholm Park]] which, in June 2007, was restored to its Japanese-themed glory, complete with reconstructed [[pagoda]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.peasholmpark.com/content/view/4/5/ |title=Peasholm Park Friends – Scarborough UK – History |year=2012 |accessdate=16 February 2012}}</ref> For many years a mock maritime battle (based on the [[Battle of the River Plate]]) has been regularly re-enacted on the boating lake with large model boats and fireworks throughout the summer holiday season.<ref>{{cite news|title=TV crew sinks Scarborough Naval Warfare ship|url=https://www.thescarboroughnews.co.uk/news/tv-crew-sinks-scarborough-naval-warfare-ship-1-1432225|accessdate=8 April 2018|work=The Scarborough News|date=1 October 2008}}</ref> The [[Scarborough North Bay Railway|North Bay Railway]] is a [[miniature railway]] running from the park through Northstead Manor Gardens to the [[Sea Life Centres|Sea Life Centre]] at Scalby Mills. The North Bay Railway has what is believed to be the oldest operational diesel-hydraulic locomotive in the world. Neptune was built in 1931 by Hudswell Clarke of Leeds and is appropriately numbered 1931.<ref>{{cite news|title=Seaside miniature railway hits 80|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-york-north-yorkshire-13500007|accessdate=8 April 2018|work=BBC News|date=23 May 2011}}</ref> Northstead Manor Gardens include the [[North Bay Railway]] and three other attractions: a water chute, a boating lake with boats for hire during the summer season and an open-air theatre. The water chute is now [[grade II]] listed and is one of the oldest surviving water chutes in Britain, with the ride of today being the same as when it was opened in the 1930s.<ref>{{NHLE|desc=Water Chute, Northstead Manor Gardens|num=1441469|grade=II|accessdate=8 April 2018}}</ref> The Lord Mayor of London opened the theatre in 1932 and audiences flocked to see ''[[Merrie England (opera)|Merrie England]]'', the first production to be staged at the outdoor venue.<ref>{{cite news|title=Explore the north side|url=https://www.thescarboroughnews.co.uk/news/explore-the-north-side-1-1476660|accessdate=8 April 2018|work=The Scarborough News|date=11 June 2010}}</ref> Productions were put on during the summer seasons until musicals ceased in 1968 after ''[[West Side Story]]'', apart from a YMCA production in 1982. In 1997 the dressing rooms and stage set building on the island were demolished and the seating removed. The last concert to be held at the open-air theatre before it closed in 1986 was [[James Last]] and his orchestra. Scarborough's open-air theatre was reopened on Friday 23 July 2010 by [[Queen Elizabeth II]] with an operatic concert starring [[José Carreras]] and Dame [[Kiri Te Kanawa]], accompanied by the Opera North Orchestra, concluding with a firework display. North Bay and South Bay are linked by Marine Drive, an extensive Victorian promenade, built around the base of the headland. Overlooking both bays is [[Scarborough Castle]], which was bombarded by the [[Imperial German Navy|German]] warships {{SMS|Derfflinger}} and {{SMS|Von der Tann}} in the [[First World War]]. Both bays have popular sandy beaches and numerous rock-pools at low tide. The South Cliff Promenade above the [[The Spa, Scarborough|Spa]] and South Cliff Gardens has excellent views of the South Bay and old town. Its splendid Regency and Victorian terraces are still intact, with a mix of quality hotels and flats. The [[ITV (TV channel)|ITV]] television drama ''[[The Royal]]'' and its recent spin-off series, ''[[The Royal Today]]'' were both filmed in the area. The South Bay has the largest illuminated 'star disk' anywhere in the UK. It is {{convert|85|ft|m}} across and fitted with subterranean lights representing the 42 brightest stars and major constellations that can be seen from Scarborough in the northern skies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oldhamoptical.com/#!star-disc/c1f0j|title=Scarborough Star Disc|work=Oldham Optical|accessdate=10 September 2014}}</ref> To the south-west of the town, beside the [[York to Scarborough Line|York to Scarborough railway line]], is an ornamental lake known as [[Scarborough Mere]]. In the 20th century the Mere was a popular park, with rowing boats, canoes and a miniature pirate ship – the ''Hispaniola'' – on which passengers were taken to 'Treasure Island' to dig for doubloons.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nostalgia: Scarborough Mere|url=http://www.thescarboroughnews.co.uk/news/nostalgia-scarborough-mere-1-7867187|accessdate=24 June 2016|work=The Scarborough News|date=24 April 2016}}</ref> Since the late 1990s the Mere has been redesigned as a natural space for picnics, fishing and walkers. In 2012 a new snack bar was built alongside the Mere. The lake is now part of the Oliver's Mount Country Park and the ''Hispaniola'' now sails out of Scarborough harbour during the summer season. Surrounding the River Derwent as it converges into the sea are high hills with tall, dense grasses and fertile soil, due to the stream '[[Sea Cut (Scalby Beck)|Sea Cut]]' leading from the River Derwent to the estuary at the North Sea.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Fox-Strangways|first1=C|last2=Barrow|first2=G|title=The geology of the country between Whitby and Scarborough|date=1915|publisher=Geological Survey|location=London|page=3|oclc=355679850}}</ref> The area has flourishing and vibrant flora and crop growth. [[File:Scarborough Hills by the Sea Cut.jpeg|thumb|left|Scarborough Hills by the River]] ==History== ===Origins=== [[File:Scarborough Castle - geograph.org.uk - 192389.jpg|thumbnail|Ruins of Scarborough Castle]] The town was reportedly founded around 966 AD as ''Skarðaborg'' by [[Thorgils Skarthi]], a [[Viking]] raider, though there is no archaeological evidence to support these claims, made during the 1960s, as part of a pageant of Scarborough events.<ref>{{cite news|title='Time team' to seek out genetic secrets of Yorkshire's Viking past|url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/time-team-to-seek-out-genetic-secrets-of-yorkshire-s-viking-past-1-2333111|accessdate=8 April 2018|work=The Yorkshire Post|date=30 January 2009}}</ref> The origin of this belief is a fragment of an [[Icelandic Saga]]. In the 4th century there had briefly been a [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] signal station on Scarborough headland and there is evidence of much earlier [[Stone Age]] and [[Bronze Age]] settlements.<ref>{{PastScape |num=79903 |desc=Scarborough Roman Signal Station |access-date=8 April 2018}}</ref> However any new settlement was soon burned to the ground by a rival band of Vikings under Tosti ([[Tostig Godwinson]]), Lord of Falsgrave, and [[Harald III of Norway]]. The destruction and massacre meant that very little remained to be recorded in the [[Domesday]] survey of 1085.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Chrystal|first1=Paul|title=The Place Names of Yorkshire; Cities, Towns, Villages, Rivers and Dales, some Pubs too, in Praise of Yorkshire Ales|date=2017|publisher=Stenlake|location=Catrine|isbn=9781840337532|page=71|edition=1}}</ref> The original inland village of Falsgrave was also [[Saxon]] rather than [[Viking]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Owens|first1=Carlos R.|title=Scarboroughs and Scarbroughs of Stewart County, Tennessee : a family history|date=1999|publisher=Turner Publishers|location=Paducah, KY|isbn=1-56311-550-6|page=5|chapter=1: Early Scarboroughs}}</ref> ===Feudal and medieval=== Scarborough recovered under [[Henry II of England|King Henry II]], who built an [[Angevin kings of England|Angevin]] stone castle on the headland and granted the town charters in 1155 and 1163,<ref>{{cite news|title=BBC North Yorkshire - Nature - Scarborough's other front|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/northyorkshire/iloveny/nature/walk_through_time/05.shtml|accessdate=8 April 2018|work=www.bbc.co.uk|date=24 September 2014}}</ref> permitting a market on the sands and establishing rule by [[burgess (title)|burgess]]es. [[Edward II of England|Edward II]] granted [[Scarborough Castle]] to his favourite, [[Piers Gaveston]]. The castle was subsequently besieged by forces led by the barons Percy, Warenne, Clifford and Pembroke. Gaveston was captured and taken to [[Oxford]] and thence to [[Warwick Castle]] for execution.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Jones|first1=Dan|title=Piers Gaveston: bending the monarch’s ear, and will|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/9264564/Piers-Gaveston-bending-the-monarchs-ear-and-will.html|accessdate=8 April 2018|work=The Telegraph|date=14 May 2012}}</ref> In 1318, the town was burnt by the [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scots]], under [[James Douglas, Lord of Douglas|Sir James Douglas]] following the [[Capture of Berwick (1318)|Capture of Berwick upon Tweed]].<ref>{{cite web|title=SCARBOROUGH {{!}} As described in John Marius Wilson's Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales (1870-72)|url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/descriptions/940610|website=www.visionofbritain.org.uk|accessdate=9 April 2018}}</ref> In the [[Middle Ages]] [[Scarborough Fair (fair)|Scarborough Fair]], permitted in a royal charter of 1253, held a six-week trading festival attracting merchants from all over Europe. It ran from [[Assumption Day]], 15 August, until [[Michaelmas Day]], 29 September. The fair continued to be held for 500 years, from the 13th to the 18th century, and is commemorated in the song ''[[Scarborough Fair (ballad)|Scarborough Fair]]'': :''Are you going to Scarborough Fair?'' :''—parsley, sage, rosemary and thyme...''.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Winn|first1=Christopher|title=I never knew that about Yorkshire|date=2010|publisher=Ebury|location=London|isbn=978-0-09-193313-5|page=76|edition=1}}</ref> ===Resort development=== [[File:Grand Hotel, Scarborough, Yorkshire, England, 1890s.jpg|thumb|right|[[Photochrom]] of Scarborough, 1890s]] Scarborough and its castle changed hands seven times between Royalists and Parliamentarians during the [[English Civil War]] of the 1640s, enduring two lengthy and violent sieges. Following the civil war, much of the town lay in ruins. In 1626, Elizabeth Farrow discovered a stream of acidic water running from one of the cliffs to the south of the town.<ref>{{cite book | title=The business of tourism | first1=J. Christopher |last1=Holloway | first2=Neil |last2=Taylor | publisher=Pearson Education | year=2006 | isbn=0-273-70161-4 | page=29 }}</ref> This gave birth to [[The Spa, Scarborough|Scarborough Spa]], and Dr Wittie's book about the spa waters published in 1660 attracted a flood of visitors to the town. Scarborough Spa became [[Early Modern Britain|Britain]]'s first seaside resort, though the first rolling [[bathing machine]]s were not noted on the sands until 1735. It was a popular getaway destination for the wealthy of London, such as the bookseller [[Andrew Millar]] and his family. Their son Andrew junior died there in 1750.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.millar-project.ed.ac.uk/manuscripts/html_output/10.html|title=The manuscripts, Samuel Richardson, Poetical Epitaph for Andrew Millar Jr., Andrew Millar Project. University of Edinburgh.|website=www.millar-project.ed.ac.uk|accessdate=3 June 2016}}</ref> The coming of the [[York to Scarborough Line|Scarborough–York]] railway in 1845 increased the tide of visitors. [[Scarborough railway station]] claims a record for the world's longest platform seat.<ref name="Hello Yorkshire">{{cite web |last = |url=http://www.hello-yorkshire.co.uk/scarborough/tourist-information|title=Scarborough Tourist Information|publisher=www.hello-yorkshire.co.uk|accessdate=26 August 2009}}</ref> From the 1880s until the First World War, Scarborough was one of the regular destinations for [[The Bass Excursions]], when fifteen trains would take between 8,000 and 9,000 employees of Bass's Burton brewery on an annual trip to the seaside. A young [[Malton, North Yorkshire|Malton]] architect, John Gibson, designed the [[Crown Spa Hotel]], Scarborough's first purpose-built hotel.<ref>[http://www.maltonbuildingsgroup.com/history/malton/history_malton_mount.pdf?i=1 The Mount- John Gibson] at Malton Buildings Group</ref> In 1841 a railway link between York and Scarborough was being talked of and he decided that the area above the popular Spa building could be developed. He designed and laid the foundations before passing the construction of this hotel to the newly formed South Cliff Building Company. On Tuesday, 10 June 1845 Scarborough's first hotel was opened: a marketing coup, as the Grand Hotel, soon to be Europe's largest, was not yet finished.<ref>[http://www.crownspahotel.com/pages/footer/About_The_Hotel About the hotel] at Crown Spa Hotel official website. Accessed 17 December 2016</ref> ===Architecture=== [[File:AnnBrontegrave.JPG|thumb|Memorial slab lying on the grave of Anne Brontë in St Mary's churchyard]] When the [[Grand Hotel (Scarborough)|Grand Hotel]] was completed in 1867 it was one of the largest hotels in the world and one of the first giant purpose-built hotels in Europe. Four towers represent the seasons, 12 floors represent the months, 52 chimneys represent the weeks and originally 365 bedrooms represented the days of the year. A [[blue plaque]] outside marks where the novelist [[Anne Brontë]] died in 1849. She was buried in the graveyard of [[St Mary's Church, Scarborough|St Mary's Church]] by the castle.<ref name="Biography of Anne Brontë">{{cite web |url=http://www.mick-armitage.staff.shef.ac.uk/anne/annebiog.html |title=Biography of Anne Brontë |publisher=www.mick-armitage.staff.shef.ac.uk |accessdate=21 April 2015 }}</ref> The town has a fine [[Anglican]] church, [[St Martin-on-the-Hill, Scarborough|St Martin-on-the-Hill]], built in 1862–63 as the parish church of South Cliff. It contains works by [[Dante Gabriel Rossetti]], [[William Morris]], [[Edward Burne-Jones]] and [[Ford Madox Brown]].<ref>{{National Heritage List for England|num=1242903|desc=Church of Saint Martin|accessdate=11 September 2014}}</ref> ===Maritime events=== During the [[First World War]], the town was bombarded by [[Kaiserliche Marine|German]] warships of the [[High Seas Fleet]], an act which shocked the British (see [[Raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby]]).<ref>{{cite news|last1=Marsay|first1=Mark|title=Scarborough & Whitby under attack|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/york/hi/people_and_places/history/newsid_8123000/8123846.stm|accessdate=9 April 2018|work=BBC News|date=2 July 2009}}</ref> In 1929 the steam drifter ''Ascendent'' caught a {{convert|560|lb|adj=on}} tunny ([[Atlantic bluefin tuna]]) and a Scarborough showman awarded the crew 50 [[shilling]]s so he could exhibit it as a tourist attraction.<ref name=independent>{{cite news|last=Elliott|first=Keith|title=Novice catches Britain's biggest fish for 50 years|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/novice-catches-britains-biggest-fish-for-50-years-698659.html|accessdate=28 June 2013|newspaper=Independent|date=30 September 2000}}</ref> [[Big-game tunny fishing off Scarborough]] effectively started in 1930 when Lorenzo "Lawrie" Mitchell–Henry, landed a tunny caught on rod and line weighing {{convert|560|lb}}.<ref name=fileybay>{{cite web|last=Green|first=Anthony|title=Big Game fishing off the Yorkshire coast|url=http://www.fileybay.com/tunnyfish/|work=Welcome to Filey Bay|publisher=Filey Bay Research Group|accessdate=28 June 2013}}</ref> A gentlemen's club, the British Tunny Club, was founded in 1933 and set up its headquarters in the town at the place which is now a restaurant with the same name.<ref name="fileybay" /><ref name=museum>{{cite web|last=Herd|first=Andrew|title=The Scarborough big game fishery|url=http://www.fishingmuseum.org.uk/tunny.html|publisher=Fishing Museum|accessdate=28 June 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228200538/http://www.fishingmuseum.org.uk/tunny.html|archivedate=28 December 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Scarborough became a resort for high society.<ref name=independent /> A women's world tuna challenge cup was held for many years.<ref name=independent /> Colonel (and, later, Sir) [[Edward Peel (big-game fisherman)|Edward Peel]] landed a world-record tunny of {{convert|798|lb|0}}, capturing the record by {{convert|40|lb|1}} from one caught off [[Nova Scotia]] by American champion [[Zane Grey]].<ref name=glasgow>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=gvY9AAAAIBAJ&sjid=FkkMAAAAIBAJ&dq=tunny-club&pg=2498%2C2627563|title=Large Tunny Fish caught by Naval Officer|date=18 August 1934|newspaper=Glasgow Herald|accessdate=4 February 2015}}</ref><ref name=scandal>{{cite news|last=Hudson|first=Robert|title=Scandal, cash and the joys of tuna fishing|url=http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/375170/Scandal-cash-and-the-joys-of-tuna-fishing|accessdate=28 June 2013|newspaper=Daily Express|date=3 February 2013}}</ref><ref name=kaye>{{cite web|title=Atlantic Bluefin Tuna: Wild, Farmed, or Neither?|last=Kaye|first=Leon|date=31 May 2011|url=http://www.triplepundit.com/2011/05/atlantic-bluefin-tuna-wild-farmed/|publisher=TriplePundit|accessdate=28 June 2013}}</ref> The British record which still stands is for a fish weighing {{convert|851|lb|0}} caught off Scarborough in 1933 by Laurie Mitchell-Henry.<ref name=independent /> On 5 June 1993 Scarborough made headlines around the world when a [[landslip]] caused part of the [[Holbeck Hall Hotel]], along with its gardens, to fall into the sea. Although the slip was shored up with rocks and the land has long since grassed over, evidence of the cliff's collapse remains clearly visible from The Esplanade, near Shuttleworth Gardens.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bgs.ac.uk/landslides/holbeckHall.html|title=Holbeck Hall landslide, Scarborough|publisher=British Geological Survey|accessdate=7 December 2014}}</ref> ==Climate== The climate is temperate with mild summers and cool, windy, winters. The hottest months of the year are July and August, with temperatures reaching an average high of 17&nbsp;°C and falling to 11&nbsp;°C at night. The average daytime temperatures in January are 4&nbsp;°C, falling to 1&nbsp;°C at night. The station's elevation of {{convert|110|m|ft}} is far above sea level compared to the immediate coastline, where the climate is likely slightly milder year round. {{Weather box |location = Scarborough |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan record high C = 15.0 |Feb record high C = 13.9 |Mar record high C = 20.0 |Apr record high C = 23.1 |May record high C = 25.1 |Jun record high C = 29.1 |Jul record high C = 27.5 |Aug record high C = 31.4 |Sep record high C = 24.7 |Oct record high C = 25.2 |Nov record high C = 16.7 |Dec record high C = 13.0 |year record high C= 31.4 |Jan high C = 6.4 |Feb high C = 6.7 |Mar high C = 8.8 |Apr high C = 11.0 |May high C = 13.5 |Jun high C = 16.5 |Jul high C = 19.0 |Aug high C = 19.0 |Sep high C = 16.5 |Oct high C = 12.9 |Nov high C = 9.3 |Dec high C = 6.7 |year high C = 12.2 |Jan low C = 1.7 |Feb low C = 1.5 |Mar low C = 2.9 |Apr low C = 4.6 |May low C = 7.1 |Jun low C = 9.8 |Jul low C = 12.0 |Aug low C = 12.1 |Sep low C = 10.3 |Oct low C = 7.6 |Nov low C = 4.3 |Dec low C = 2.2 |year low C = 6.4 |Jan record low C = -8.0 |Feb record low C = -8.4 |Mar record low C = -8.7 |Apr record low C = -5.0 |May record low C = -3.0 |Jun record low C = 0.1 |Jul record low C = 4.2 |Aug record low C = 3.2 |Sep record low C = 0.8 |Oct record low C = -2.4 |Nov record low C = -7.7 |Dec record low C = -9.1 |year record low C= -9.1 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 57.3 |Feb precipitation mm = 46.2 |Mar precipitation mm = 49.8 |Apr precipitation mm = 52.1 |May precipitation mm = 43.8 |Jun precipitation mm = 63.0 |Jul precipitation mm = 54.4 |Aug precipitation mm = 64.4 |Sep precipitation mm = 60.7 |Oct precipitation mm = 64.8 |Nov precipitation mm = 69.6 |Dec precipitation mm = 66.3 |unit rain days = 1.0 mm |Jan rain days = 12.2 |Feb rain days = 10.5 |Mar rain days = 10.4 |Apr rain days = 9.2 |May rain days = 8.6 |Jun rain days = 10.1 |Jul rain days = 9.5 |Aug rain days = 9.5 |Sep rain days = 9.3 |Oct rain days = 11.0 |Nov rain days = 12.4 |Dec rain days = 12.5 |Jan sun= 54.7 |Feb sun= 80.5 |Mar sun= 111.9 |Apr sun= 156.1 |May sun= 205.6 |Jun sun= 190.6 |Jul sun= 204.2 |Aug sun= 188.2 |Sep sun= 142.6 |Oct sun= 103.9 |Nov sun= 64.5 |Dec sun= 50.2 |year sun= |source 1 = [[Met Office]]<ref name="Met Averages">{{cite web|url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gcxsycyhg#averagesTable|title=Scarborough 1981–2010 averages|accessdate=18 September 2015|publisher=Met Office}}</ref> |source 2 = Voodoo Skies (extreme temperatures)<ref>http://voodooskies.com/weather/united-kingdom/scarborough/monthly/temperature</ref> |date=September 2015}} == Economy == [[File:BrunswickShoppingCentreInternal.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Brunswick shopping centre]]]] [[File:Merchants Street, Scarborough 061615.jpg|thumb|Eastborough. [[Scarborough Castle]] on skyline.]] Scarborough's fishing industry is still active, though much reduced in size. The working harbour is home to a fish market including a shop and wooden stalls where fresh, locally-caught seafood can be purchased by the public. The tourism trade continues to be a major part of the local economy with Scarborough being the second most-visited destination in England by British holidaymakers.<ref name=BBC>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-york-north-yorkshire-36459746|title=North Yorkshire coast 'among most visited destinations'|accessdate=20 September 2016|publisher=BBC News}}</ref> While weekend and mid-week-break trade are tending to replace the traditional week-long family holiday, the beaches and attractions are always very busy throughout summer, a marked contrast to the quieter winter months when Scarborough is often seen as a peaceful bolt-hole from cities such as Leeds and Bradford. Confidence in the hospitality industry is high, evidenced by major refits in recent years, often targeted at a higher-spending clientele. Significant amongst these is [[Grand Hotel (Scarborough)|the Grand]], Scarborough's biggest hotel, which overlooks the South Bay, and also the Palm Court Hotel. Scarborough's town centre has many major shopping chains alongside boutique independent shops. As well as a main pedestrianised shopping street (home to various chain stores and eateries) and the [[Brunswick shopping centre]], boutique stores can be found on Bar Street and St Thomas Street. The town also has an indoor market with a large range of antique shops and independent traders in its vaults, and a smaller market on the South Bay. [[W Boyes & Co]], a discount department store chain which has 44 stores across the north is based at Eastfield, on the outskirts of Scarborough. Its flagship store is located in Queen Street.<ref>{{cite news|title=Boyes expands but sticks with tradition|url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/boyes-expands-but-sticks-with-tradition-1-4605246|accessdate=9 April 2018|work=The Yorkshire Post|date=1 June 2012}}</ref> ===Industries=== Manufacturers based in Scarborough include the [[Plaxton|Plaxton Company]] (a division of [[Alexander Dennis]]) which has been building coaches and buses since 1907,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.plaxtonlimited.co.uk/about-us |publisher=Plaxton|title= About Us|year=2016|accessdate= 20 September 2016}}</ref> and Cast Iron Radiators Ltd.<ref>[http://www.castironradiators.ltd.uk/about-us-1-w.asp About Cast Iron Radiators Ltd] on official website. Retrieved 25 June 2017</ref> ===Creative industries=== Creative industries have been cited as playing a vital role in the regeneration of Scarborough; a report in 2005 estimated that they comprised 19% of the town's economy. They were also a major focus of Scarborough's winning entry in the 2008 Enterprising Britain competition, with representatives from Woodend Creative Workspace and Scarborough-based Electric Angel Design representing the town in the Yorkshire and Humber regional heats. In the finals in London on 16 October 2008, Scarborough won the title of Britain's Most Enterprising Town,<ref name="ScarboroughTriumphs"> {{cite news |last = Crothers |first = Laura |url =http://www.scarborougheveningnews.co.uk/news/Scarborough-triumphs-as-39most-enterprising.4604107.jp |title = Scarborough triumphs as 'most enterprising town in UK' |work = Scarborough Evening News |date = 17 October 2008 |accessdate = 26 August 2009 }} </ref> and subsequently went on to win the European Enterprise Awards as Great Britain's representative, on 13 May 2009 in [[Prague]].<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.scarborougheveningnews.co.uk/news/Scarborough-are-champions-of-Europe.5265861.jp |title = Scarborough are champions of Europe |last = Asquith |first = Ed |date = 14 May 2009 |work = Scarborough Evening News |accessdate=15 May 2009}}</ref> In 2010 the town was the winner of the 'Great Town Award', as nominated by the Academy of Urbanism, beating [[Chester]] and [[Cambridge]] respectively.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thescarboroughnews.co.uk/news/local/official-scarborough-is-the-best-town-in-britain-have-your-say-on-this-story-1-1464714 |title=Official – Scarborough is the best town in Britain|work=The Scarborough News |accessdate=31 October 2012 |date=23 November 2009}}</ref> === Media === The principal news outlet with origins dating back to July 1882 is ''The Scarborough News'', double winner of weekly title of the year at the O2 Yorkshire media awards, and borne from the ''Scarborough Evening News''.{{Citation needed|date=May 2018}} Scarborough is home to local commercial radio station, [[Yorkshire Coast Radio]] which provides a daily news service for the town with a team of journalists based at its studios in Eastfield, broadcasting on FM, DAB, and online.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://static.ofcom.org.uk/static/radiolicensing/html/radio-stations/analogue/al000158ba2yorkshirecoastradio.htm|title=Ofcom {{!}} Analogue Radio Stations|website=static.ofcom.org.uk|accessdate=27 February 2018}}</ref> DAB station [[Coast & County Radio]] is also based in Scarborough. The town is also the home of the online only [[community radio]] station, Radio Scarborough.<ref>{{cite web|title=Radio Scarborough - Community Radio to entertain Scarborough and the world|url=http://www.radioscarborough.co.uk/|website=www.radioscarborough.co.uk|accessdate=9 April 2018}}</ref> ===Digital connectivity=== Scarborough's recent investment in digital connectivity is significant. The town has the UK's first free [[Wi-Fi]] seafront and harbour area and one of Europe's fastest internet connections (100MB).<ref name="University of Hull">{{cite web|title=University of Hull|url=http://www2.hull.ac.uk/scarborough/information-for-visitors/scarborough.aspx|work=The town of Scarborough|accessdate=3 April 2011}}</ref> In recent years, arts, business and education have collaborated annually to produce Digital Scarborough – a celebration of the town's digital activities including a wide range of events from business networking to film showings and gigs with DJs and [[VJ (video performance artist)|VJs]].{{citation needed|date=September 2014}} ===Healthcare=== [[Scarborough General Hospital]] is the local district general [[National Health Service|NHS]] hospital. It is run by the York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and is the largest employer in the area employing over 2,400 staff. == Demography == The population of the town (comprising Castle, Central, Eastfield, Falsgrave Park, Newby, North Bay, Northstead, Ramshill, Stepney, Weaponness and Woodlands wards) is just over 60,000. Scarborough is at the heart of an urban area of just under 100,000 residents, and the rest of the [[Borough of Scarborough]] has well over that figure; during the peak season, tourism can double the population. 7.5% of the population are aged over 60, compared with an average of 20.9% nationally. Only 21.9% of the population are aged between 20 and 39, compared to 28.1% nationally. ==Transport== Scarborough has four major roads serving the town; these also link it to other major towns and cities. *[[A64 road|A64]] – Main road that terminates in the town centre, linking Scarborough with [[Malton, North Yorkshire|Malton]], [[York]], [[Leeds]], the [[A19 road|A19]] and the [[A1 road (Great Britain)|A1(M)]]. This is the main tourist route to the town and is [[Dual Carriageway]] standard for some of its route (between the A1(M) and Malton). *[[A165 road|A165]] – This is the coastal route that links the town with [[Filey]], [[Bridlington]] and [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]]. In 2008, a new road was opened to bypass Osgodby to the south of Scarborough. This now forms part of the A165. *[[A170 road|A170]] – This links Scarborough to the [[North York Moors]] and [[Thirsk]] to the west. *[[A171 road|A171]] – This is the coastal route to the north that links the town with [[Whitby]] and [[Middlesbrough]]. [[File:Scarborough railway station MMB 17 185117.jpg|thumb|left|[[Scarborough railway station]]]] [[Scarborough railway station]] is close to the town centre and runs services from [[York railway station|York]], [[Leeds railway station|Leeds]], [[Manchester Piccadilly railway station|Manchester]] and [[Liverpool Lime Street railway station|Liverpool]] on the North [[TransPennine Express]] route and from [[Hull Paragon Interchange|Hull]] on the [[Yorkshire Coast Line]]. It has the longest station seat in the world at 152 yards (139 m) in length. The town used to be connected to Whitby via the [[Scarborough and Whitby Railway]] along the Yorkshire coast, however this was closed down in 1965 due to the Beeching cuts. There is also a railway station in the suburb of [[Seamer railway station|Crossgates]]. Scarborough has 25 main bus routes, operated by [[East Yorkshire Motor Services|Scarborough and District]], [[Arriva North East]], Shoreline Suncruisers, and [[Yorkshire Coastliner]]. These link the town centre with its suburbs and local towns and cities such as [[Leeds]], [[York]], [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]], [[Middlesbrough]] and the [[North York Moors]]. The town is also served by two [http://www.scarboroughparkandride.co.uk Park and Ride] services, with its locations located on the A64 and A165. Buses run from each terminus to the town centre and South Bay at least every 12 minutes seven days a week, with stopping points around the town centre. Buses from the Filey Road terminus on the A165 also stop at the [[University of Hull Scarborough Campus|University]]. Open top tourist buses also run along the sea front and Marine Drive, linking the South and North bays. Although the town has no ferry services, there are transport links to [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]] which runs frequent services to northern Europe. ==Culture== [[File:The Stephen Joseph Theatre in Scarborough.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Stephen Joseph Theatre]]]] ===Live theatre=== Dramatist [[Alan Ayckbourn]] has lived in Scarborough for many years. He has produced seventy-five plays in Scarborough and was the artistic director of the famous [[Stephen Joseph Theatre]], where almost all his plays receive their first performance. Chris Monks took over as artistic director in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2009/apr/30/alan-ayckbourn-chris-monks-scarborough|title=Ayckbourn steps down as artistic director|work=The Guardian |date=29 April 2009 |accessdate=13 August 2012}}</ref> The town also hosts the annual [[National Student Drama Festival]] at the Stephen Joseph Theatre, the Spa Centre and other venues. The [[Scarborough Open Air Theatre|Open Air Theatre]], seating 6,500, has been recently restored and was officially opened by [[Elizabeth II|The Queen]] on 20 May 2010.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/north_yorkshire/8694256.stm|title=Queen opens Scarborough open air theatre|date=20 May 2010|work=BBC News Online|publisher=BBC|accessdate=21 May 2010}}</ref> The YMCA Theatre is an amateur theatre seating 290. It is very well equipped and hosts some 35 productions a year, including musicals and dance shows.<ref>{{cite web|last=|title=Scarborough YMCA:Theatre Hire|url=http://scarborough.ymca.org.uk/theatre-hire|accessdate=14 April 2013}}</ref> ===Cinema=== {{As of|2014}}, Scarborough has two cinemas, the Hollywood Plaza and the Stephen Joseph Theatre. A third, the [[Futurist Theatre]], closed in January 2014 when the operator's lease expired.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/main-topics/general-news/scarborough-s-futurist-theatre-closes-as-saviour-is-sought-1-6354622|title=Scarborough’s Futurist Theatre closes as saviour is sought|date=6 January 2014|work=Yorkshire Post|accessdate=9 January 2014}}</ref> ===Creative arts and museums=== [[File:Rotunda Museum Scarborough 060615.JPG|thumb|The Rotunda Museum.]] Scarborough has a long-established museum and visual-arts facilities. Wood End, the former home of [[The Sitwells]], was converted into the Woodend museum,<ref group="note">The museum is listed as being Wood End, but is shown on the same page as Woodend since its revamp</ref> a creative centre including workspace for artists and the digital cluster, plus an exhibition space.<ref>{{cite web|title=About us|url=http://www.woodendcreative.co.uk/about-us.html|website=Woodend Creative Scarborough|accessdate=20 September 2016|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161015205149/http://woodendcreative.co.uk/about-us.html|archivedate=15 October 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The [[Rotunda Museum]] underwent a multimillion-pound redevelopment to become a national centre for geology.<ref name="Rotunda"> {{cite web |last = |title = Rotunda Museum Redevelopment Begins |publisher = Scarborough Borough Council |date = 28 September 2006 |url = http://www.scarborough.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=12099 |accessdate = 26 August 2009 }}</ref> 2006 also saw the formation of a creative industries network called 'Creative Coast' comprising artists, designers, writers and other creatives with the shared vision of a culturally vibrant economy on the North Yorkshire coast.<ref name="CreativeCoast"> {{cite web |last = |title = Creative Coast: The North Yorkshire Coast Creative Industries Network |publisher = Creative Coast |url = http://www.creativecoast.net/ |accessdate = 26 August 2009 }}</ref> Scarborough has a considerable [[graffiti]] culture, with as many as 20 'writers' currently active. There are two areas where graffiti art is legal in Scarborough, [[Sainsbury's]] basketball courts / all-weather pitch and Falsgrave Park wall. Both have seen many collaborations and murals. ===Music=== The Grade II [[Listed building|listed]] [[The Spa, Scarborough|Scarborough Spa complex]] is home to the [http://www.scarboroughspaorchestra.co.uk Scarborough Spa Orchestra], the last remaining seaside orchestra in the UK.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Winn|first1=Christopher|title=I never knew that about Yorkshire|date=2010|publisher=Ebury|location=London|isbn=978-0-09-193313-5|page=85|edition=1}}</ref> The orchestra gives ten concerts every week during the summer months, playing music from an extensive repertoire of classical and light music with no programme repeats. {{Citation needed|date=August 2011}} It became famous during the 1950s and 1960s when concerts from the Palm Court in Scarborough were frequently featured on [[BBC radio]], conducted by [[Max Jaffa]]. Former conductors include the composer of the waltz 'Nights of Gladness', [[Charles Ancliffe]].{{citation needed|date=November 2015}} The globally successful pop / soul singer [[Robert Palmer (singer)|Robert Palmer]] spent his teenage years in Scarborough, attending Scarborough Boys' High School.<ref>{{cite web|title=Robert Palmer|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/northyorkshire/content/articles/2008/05/09/robert_palmer_profile_feature.shtml|website=Profiles York & North Yorkshire|publisher=BBC|accessdate=24 June 2016}}</ref> In November 1987 the town was chosen as the venue for the first-ever [[Eurovision]] fan club convention. Members of the then fan club, Europa-UK, gathered in the [[Palm Court Hotel]] for the first such event to be held in the UK.{{citation needed|date=November 2015}} During the late 1980s and the first half of the 1990s, Scarborough band [[Little Angels]] were one of the most well-known hard rock bands in the UK. Their third and final studio album, [[Jam (album)|Jam]], peaked at #1 on the UK charts in early 1993.<ref>{{cite news|title=Reunion for Little Angels?|url=http://www.thescarboroughnews.co.uk/what-s-on/gigs-music/reunion-for-little-angels-1-3824949|accessdate=24 June 2016|work=The Scarborough News|date=30 September 2011}}</ref> The town is home to the annual [[Scarborough Jazz Festival]] which takes place each September at [[The Spa, Scarborough|The Spa Complex]], and features internationally renowned musicians. Between 2001 and 2008 an eclectic rock and pop festival known as '[[Beached Festival|Beached]]' took place on the sands of South Bay. In summer 2005, Scarborough played host to the [[Sonic Arts Network]] Expo.{{citation needed|date=November 2015}} 'Acoustic Gathering', a free one-day music festival, has been held annually in Peasholm Park since September 2005. This features over 20 bands and singer/songwriters from all parts of the UK including a number of local groups and musicians, all performing from the bandstand in the centre of the lake.<ref name="BlastArts2006"> {{cite web |last = Jackson |first = Alex |title = Blast Arts 2006 – A musical treat! |date = 16 September 2006 |publisher = BBC North Yorkshire |url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/northyorkshire/content/articles/2006/09/14/a_musical_treat_feature.shtml |accessdate = 26 August 2009 }} </ref> Singer-songwriter [[Ashley Hicklin]] grew up in Scarborough and recorded a music video for the song "All The Time in the World" at Scarborough's Spa Complex and in the amusement arcades.{{citation needed|date=November 2015}} The indie band [[One Night Only (band)|One Night Only]] also recorded a video in Scarborough for their song "Just for Tonight". It features Scarborough's South Bay and the amusement arcades.{{citation needed|date=November 2015}} ==Notable events== ===Seafest=== Seafest is an annual festival which takes place at West Pier and around the harbour area in July/<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thescarboroughnews.co.uk/lifestyle/entertainment/nautical-but-nice-seafest-is-launched-1-4717867|title=Seafest launch|work=The Scarborough News |date=6 July 2012 |accessdate=13 August 2012}}</ref> It celebrates the region's fishing history and hosts a large gathering of folk singers, shantymen and musicians, drawing artists from all over the U.K. and from other nations including Senegal, Sicily, Canada, Éire, Luxembourg, Germany, the Netherlands, Brittany and the USA. In addition there are children's entertainments and a 'Sea Fish Cookery' marquee where visiting chefs demonstrate seafood preparation. ===Heroes Welcome UK=== [[Heroes Welcome UK|Heroes Welcome]] is a movement which originated in and is administered from Scarborough to encourage communities to demonstrate support to members of the armed forces.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bournemouth.co.uk/business/heroes-welcome|title=Bournemouth Business|accessdate=10 September 2014}}</ref> In 2008 a hand-drawn poster stating ''"Heroes Welcome Here"'' was displayed in a Scarborough seafront restaurant.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.scarborougheveningnews.co.uk/news/local/launch_of_give_our_boys_a_boost_1_1419189 |title= Launch of 'Give Our Boys A Boost' |work=Scarborough Evening News |date=6 May 2008|accessdate=21 December 2011}}</ref> From this gesture has evolved a national network of towns, cities and counties.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/defence/8225686/Heroes-Welcome-scheme-for-troops-snowballs-across-Britain.html |title=Heroes Welcome scheme for troops snowballs across Britain |work=Daily Telegraph |last=Harding|first= Thomas |date=13 January 2011|accessdate=21 December 2011}}</ref> Businesses are invited to display a sticker extending a special welcome to service personnel. Member communities are located as far north as the Oykle Valley in the Scottish Highlands to as far south as the Falkland Islands. The Rock of Gibraltar joined in February 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chronicle.gi/headlines_details.php?id=27773|title=Gibraltar Chronicle - The Independent Daily First Published 1801|publisher=|accessdate=10 September 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193319/http://www.chronicle.gi/headlines_details.php?id=27773|archivedate=29 October 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ===Location for filming=== The films ''[[Little Voice (film)|Little Voice]]'',<ref name="LittleVoiceIMDb"> {{cite web |last = |title = Little Voice (1998) – Filming locations |publisher = IMDb: The Internet Movie Database |date = |url = https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0147004/locations |accessdate = 26 August 2009 }} </ref> ''[[Possession (2002 film)|Possession]]'', and ''[[A Chorus of Disapproval (film)|A Chorus of Disapproval]]''<ref name="DisapprovalIMDb"> {{cite web |last = |title = A Chorus of Disapproval (1988) – Filming locations |publisher = IMDb: The Internet Movie Database |url = https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0094871/locations |accessdate = 26 August 2009 }} </ref> were filmed on location in Scarborough and surrounds. Also filmed in the district were scenes from ''[[Miranda (2002 film)|Miranda]]'', ''[[Dancing Queen (1993 film)|Dancing Queen]]'', ''Beltenbros'', ''[[The Brides in the Bath]]'' and ''[[The Damned United]]''. Television series filmed in the area include ''[[Heartbeat (UK TV series)|Heartbeat]]'', its spin-off series ''[[The Royal]]'', ''[[CBBC (TV channel)|CBBC]]'''s ''[[All at Sea (2013 TV Series)|All At Sea]]'', BBC1's ''[[Rosie (TV series)|Rosie]]'', and scenes from the second series of ''[[Five Days (TV series)|Five Days]]''. The 2015 series of The Syndicate starring Anthony Andrews, Melanie Hill and Lenny Henry also filmed scenes in Scarborough. ==Twinning== Scarborough is twinned with: *[[Osterode am Harz]], Germany {{flagicon|Germany}} *[[Cahir]], Ireland {{flagicon|Ireland}} ==Education== [[File:Hull uni scarborough front.jpg|thumb|right|[[University of Hull Scarborough Campus]]]] The town has a small higher education institution, the [[University of Hull: Scarborough Campus]], due to close in summer 2017. In 2015, [[Coventry University Scarborough Campus]] opened with a small first cohort and moved from temporary accommodation to a purpose-built site in September 2016. Ultimately, the university will cater for 3000 students studying an innovative, intensive pattern of study. Further Education is provided by [[Yorkshire Coast College]] and [[Scarborough Sixth Form College]]. The six main state secondary schools in Scarborough are [[Graham School]], [[George Pindar School]], [[Scalby School]], and [[St Augustine's Catholic School]]. [[Raincliffe School]] formally closed on 31 August 2012, merging with Graham School (the Raincliffe site closed completely on 23 June 2017). In September 2016, [[Scarborough University Technical College]] (UTC) opened for 14-18 year olds. The campus is part of a £47 million pound development including [[Coventry University Scarborough Campus]] and a sports village in the Weaponness Valley.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gavaghan|first1=Carl|title=Scarborough's new UTC opens its doors|url=http://www.thescarboroughnews.co.uk/news/education/scarborough-s-new-utc-opens-its-doors-1-8120596|accessdate=10 October 2016|work=The Scarborough News|date=13 September 2016}}</ref> Scarborough is also home to one private school, [[Scarborough College]] (for ages 3 to 18 years). Scarborough College abolished A-levels and has been an [[International Baccalaureate]] (IB) World School since June 2006. Ranked within Top 50 independent schools by The Times based on post-16 results, 2017. Scarborough International School of English,<ref name="Scarborough International School of English">{{cite web | last = | first = | title = Scarborough International School of English | publisher = SIS | date = | url = http://www.english-language.uk.com | accessdate = 8 March 2010}}</ref> established in 1968 is accredited by the British Council and members of English UK and English UK North. The school offers English Language courses to students from around the world. There is also a private international language school called Anglolang,<ref name="Anglolang">{{cite web | last = | first = | title = Anglolang – English language courses in Scarborough | publisher = Anglolang | date = | url = http://www.anglolang.com/ | accessdate = 26 August 2009}}</ref> established in 1985, which teaches the English language to overseas students, companies, educational institutions, organised groups and individuals. Education in Scarborough is notable for its commitment to the digital economy with 2006 seeing the formation of the University of Hull's School of Arts and New Media, at the Scarborough Campus. Scarborough is one of the UK mainland's first wireless campuses.<ref name="UniHullScarboroughCampus"> {{cite web |last = |url = http://www.hull.ac.uk/scarborough/support/IT/wireless.html |title = The University of Hull: Scarborough Campus |publisher = The University of Hull |accessdate = 26 August 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070910072934/http://www.hull.ac.uk/scarborough/support/IT/wireless.html |archivedate=10 September 2007 }}</ref> == Sport == {{refimprove section|date=May 2015}} {{Infobox lighthouse | item = Q26550904 | name = Scarborough Pier Lighthouse<br>''St. Vincents Pier'' | image_name = Scarborough Lighthouse.jpg | image_width = | caption = Scarborough lighthouse, home to Scarborough Yacht Club | location = Scarborough, England | pushpin_map = | relief = | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin = lighthouse | pushpin_label_position = | coordinates = {{coord|54.281882|-0.389905|display=inline}} | coordinates_footnotes = | yearbuilt = 1806 (first) | yearlit = 1931 (current) | automated = | yeardeactivated = 1914-1931 (first) | foundation = | construction = brick tower | shape = cylindrical tower with balcony and lantern attached to a 2-storey keeper’s house used as clubhouse by the Scarborough Yacht Club since 1952 | marking = white tower, lantern and keeper’s house | height = {{convert|15|m|ft}} | focalheight = {{convert|17|m|ft}} | lens = | currentlens = | lightsource = mains power | intensity = | range = | characteristic = Iso W 5s. | fogsignal = blast every 60s. | racon = | admiralty = A2592 | canada = | NGA = 1976 | ARLHS = ENG-121 | USCG = | country = | countrynumber = | countrylink = | managingagent = Scarborough Yacht Club<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/engne.htm |title=Scarborough Pier|work= The Lighthouse Directory|publisher= University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|accessdate= 6 May 2016}}</ref> | heritage = &nbsp; | module ={{infobox designation list | embed=yes | designation1 = Grade II | designation1_date = 8 June 1973 | designation1_number = {{NHLE|num=1259819|short=yes}}<ref>{{NHLE|num=1259819|desc=Lighthouse|accessdate=10 April 2018}}</ref> }} }} The Scarborough Amateur [[watercraft rowing|Rowing]] Club was founded in May 1869, and is the oldest surviving rowing club on the [[North East England|north-east]] coast.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thescarboroughnews.co.uk/lifestyle/nostalgia/nostalgia-amateur-rowers-in-scarborough-s-south-bay-1-8139456|title=Nostalgia: Amateur rowers in Scarborough’s South Bay |date=22 September 2016|work=The Scarborough News|accessdate=22 October 2016}}</ref> For more than 100 years, sea rowing has taken place on the Yorkshire coast between the [[Tees]] and the [[Humber]]. Beginning with friendly rivalry between the fishermen and the jet miners from [[Blyth, Northumberland|Blyth]] (the German Ocean Race), the sport has progressed to what it is today. More recent successes for the club include Bob Hewitt, who now competes as a [[lightweight]] rower for the national team. In 2006 the club finally won the acclaimed Wilson Cup, until then held by rival clubs in neighbouring town [[Whitby]] for over eighty years. Rowing takes place throughout the summer months. The [[Blue Riband]] event for Scarborough Yacht Club, is the annual 210 [[nautical mile]] race, from the town, to [[IJmuiden]] in the [[Netherlands]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.syc.org.uk|title=Yacht Club website|author=|publisher=Scarborough Yacht Club|accessdate=10 September 2014}}</ref> The Yacht Club is based in the old keepers' accommodation adjoining the lighthouse in the harbour. The lighthouse itself dates from 1806, but it had to be rebuilt following damage sustained in the bombardment of 1914. It is still an active light and is owned and operated by the borough council.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lighthousedigest.com/digest/StoryPage.cfm?StoryKey=2183|title=Historical info on lighthousedigest.com|publisher=|accessdate=10 September 2014}}</ref> Scarborough is home to the [[Oliver's Mount]] racing circuit. This track is composed of twisty public roads and has played host to domestic motorcycling and rallying events for many years. Noted motorcycle racers who have raced at Oliver's Mount include [[Barry Sheene]], [[Ron Haslam]] and [[Guy Martin]]. The town was the home of the 2nd [[RAC Rally]] in 1952. [[Scarborough Cricket Club (England)|Scarborough Cricket Club]] have won the [[ECB National Club Cricket Championship]] at [[Lord's]], on five occasions between 1972 and 1982, a record number of victories. The club also hosts the annual [[Scarborough Festival|Scarborough Cricket Festival]], and [[Yorkshire County Cricket Club|Yorkshire]] play at [[North Marine Road]], in a selection of home fixtures throughout the season. The club has competed in the [[Yorkshire Premier League North]] since 2016. The club has enjoyed great success in the Yorkshire League, in the past. The former [[Scarborough F.C.|Scarborough Football Club]] enjoyed a career in the [[Football League]] during the 1990s before being relegated to the Conference North in 2006 and to the [[Northern Premier League]] the following year. One of its greatest achievements was winning the [[FA Trophy]] at [[Wembley Stadium (1923)|Wembley Stadium]] on three occasions and being runners-up on one. They also held the distinction of being the first club to win automatic promotion to the [[Football League]], when in 1987 they were promoted as champions of the [[Football Conference|GM Vauxhall Conference]]. In 2007 a new club, [[Scarborough Athletic F.C.|Scarborough Athletic]], was formed and they play their home matches at the [[Flamingo Land Stadium]], in the town.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.yorkshirecoastradio.com/news/local-news/2322118/flamingo-land-to-sponsor-scarborough-stadium/|title=Flamingo Land to Sponsor Scarborough Stadium|date=4 July 2017|work=Yorkshire Coast Radio|accessdate=20 March 2018}}</ref> In 2007, the town hosted the World Thundercat Championships (for inflatable powerboats), and similar events in 2008 and 2015. Scarborough Rugby Union Football Club moved to a new £4-million ground development, on the outskirts of town in January 2009 (Silver Royd), the club is very ambitious and reached the semi-finals of the National Intermediate Cup, in 2015. The venue is also home to Scarborough Athletic Club and many sports facilities. The nationally achieving Scarborough Gymnastics Academy, has a highly developed specialist facility in the west of the town. Scarborough Sports Centre was a past venue for international tennis tournaments, attracting such stars as [[Fred Perry]], [[Rod Laver]] and [[Pancho Gonzales]]. Scarborough Indoor Bowls Centre is utilized for a variety of events, throughout the year. The town has two principal golf courses, North Cliff and South Cliff, plus some smaller ventures. [[Ganton Golf Club]], which has hosted tournaments such as the [[Ryder Cup]] and [[Walker Cup]], is situated approximately 8 miles to the west of Scarborough. [[George Pindar School]], which is based at [[Eastfield, North Yorkshire|Eastfield]], is a Sports Community College, and is home to [[Scarborough Pirates ARLFC]], Scarborough Seahawks Basketball and formerly Scarborough Hockey Club, who are now at [[Scarborough College]]. The centre also boasts a state-of-the-art [[Tennis]] facility. Scarborough Table Tennis Centre is located at [[Graham School]]. A national martial arts organisation, [[The Empire Martial Arts Association]], is based in Scarborough. The Tourist Information Centre in the South Bay is the finishing point of [[The White Rose Way]], a long distance walk from [[Leeds]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://yorkshiretimes.co.uk/article/Walk-the-White-Rose-Way-from-Leeds-to-Scarborough|title=Walk the White Rose Way from Leeds to Scarborough|date=16 April 2012|work=The Yorkshire Times|accessdate=22 October 2016}}</ref> [[Scarborough Sea Anglers]] is an [[internet forum]] dedicated to recreational [[Angling|sea fishing]], a popular local pastime. Scarborough was the finishing point, for Stage 1 of the inaugural [[2015 Tour de Yorkshire]], hosted on 1 May, and has hosted a stage finish every year since.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.yorkshirecoastradio.com/news/local-news/2446985/tour-de-yorkshire-filey-in---scarborough-hosts-finish/|title=Tour de Yorkshire: Filey In - Scarborough Hosts Finish|date=5 December 2017|work=Yorkshire Coast Radio|accessdate=20 March 2018}}</ref> A sports village based in Weaponness Valley, that is now the home stadium of [[Scarborough Athletic F.C.|Scarborough Athletic]], was opened in July 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sutcliffe|first1=Richard|title=Long road home finally at an end for Scarborough Athletic|url=http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/sport/football/long-road-home-finally-at-an-end-for-scarborough-athletic-1-8651172|accessdate=13 October 2017|work=The Yorkshire Post|date=15 July 2017}}</ref> In recent decades, due to frequent low pressure systems in the North Atlantic, Scarborough has also become home to a thriving cold water surfing scene with numerous surf shops and competitions taking place including the King of The Point, a big wave contest designed to show off the quality of surf the North Yorkshire coast can receive.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://secretspot.co.uk/Blog/king-of-the-point-surf-contest-east-coast-uk-381.aspx|title=King Of The Point Surf Contest East Coast UK|website=secretspot.co.uk|accessdate=22 December 2017}}</ref> ==Notable people== :''For a fuller list, see [[:Category:People from Scarborough, North Yorkshire]]''. *[[Robert de Scardeburgh]] (died c. 1351), [[Lord Chief Justice of Ireland]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hunt|first1=William|title=The Dictionary of National Biography 1885 - 1900 Volume 50|date=1904|publisher=Smith, Elder & Co|location=London|page=398}}</ref> *[[Frederic Leighton, 1st Baron Leighton]] (1830–1896), painter and sculptor.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lord Frederic Leighton|url=http://www.scarboroughcivicsociety.org.uk/Frederic-Lord-Leighton.php|website=Scarborough Civic Society|accessdate=26 June 2016}}</ref> *[[Sir Edward James Harland, 1st Baronet]] (1831–1895), shipbuilder and politician, co-founder of [[Harland and Wolff]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Raising Titanic idea|url=http://www.thescarboroughnews.co.uk/news/local/raising-titanic-idea-1-4129550|accessdate=26 June 2016|work=The Scarborough News|date=12 January 2012}}</ref> *[[The Sitwells]], (b. late 1800s), artistic, musical and literary family.<ref>{{cite news|title=At home with the Sitwells|url=http://www.thescarboroughnews.co.uk/news/local/at-home-with-the-sitwells-1-1456558|accessdate=26 June 2016|work=The Scarborough News|date=24 July 2009}}</ref> *[[James Paul Moody]], (1887–1912), Sixth Officer of the [[RMS Titanic]] *[[Charles Laughton]] (1899–1962), actor, screenwriter, film producer and director.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Callow|first1=Simon|title=Charles Laughton: Dazzling player of monsters, misfits and kings|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/9700251/Charles-Laughton-dazzling-player-of-monsters-misfits-and-kings.html|accessdate=24 June 2016|work=The Telegraph|date=24 November 2012}}</ref> *[[John Hick]] (1922-2012), philosopher of religion.<ref>{{cite news|title=Professor John Hick Obituary|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/religion-obituaries/9087324/Professor-John-Hick.html|accessdate=26 June 2016|work=The Telegraph|date=16 February 2012}}</ref> *[[Alan Ayckbourn]] (b. 1939), playwright.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Thorpe|first1=Vanessa|title=Alan Ayckbourn's cherished Scarborough theatre fights for survival|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2011/mar/27/alan-ayckbourn-scarborough-theatre-threat|accessdate=20 September 2016|work=The Guardian|date=27 March 2011}}</ref> *[[Susan Hill]] (b. 1942), novelist.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Eden|first1=Richard|title=Husband of The Woman in Black author Susan Hill exits, stage left|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/10502830/Husband-of-The-Woman-in-Black-author-Susan-Hill-exits-stage-left.html|accessdate=26 June 2016|work=The Telegraph|date=8 December 2013}}</ref> *[[Dick Hewitt]] (1943–2017), [[Moorthorpe]]-born footballer.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dowey|first1=Martin|title=Boro legend Hewitt passes away|url=http://www.thescarboroughnews.co.uk/news/boro-legend-hewitt-passes-away-1-8800563|accessdate=13 October 2017|work=The Scarborough News|date=12 October 2017}}</ref> *Sir [[Ben Kingsley]] (b. 1943), (b. [[Snainton]], 1943), Oscar-winning actor.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Haywood|first1=Jo|title=Oscar winning actor Sir Ben Kingsley returns to his Yorkshire beginnings|journal=Yorkshire Life|date=12 January 2010|url=http://www.yorkshirelife.co.uk/people/celebrity-interviews/oscar_winning_actor_sir_ben_kingsley_returns_to_his_yorkshire_beginnings_1_1632215|accessdate=24 June 2016}}</ref> *Dame [[Penelope Wilton]] (b. 1946), actress.<ref>{{cite news|title=Scarborough-born actress Penelope Wilton picks up first Olivier Award|url=http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/scarborough-born-actress-penelope-wilton-picks-up-first-olivier-award-1-7205995|accessdate=26 June 2016|work=Yorkshire Post|date=12 April 2015}}</ref> *[[John Senior]] (b. 1960), survivor of the [[Lakonia disaster]] and founder of [[Heroes Welcome UK]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Titley|first=Chris|title=Scarborough's John Senior|journal=Yorkshire Life|url=http://www.yorkshirelife.co.uk/people/scarborough_s_john_senior_fighting_to_support_british_troops_with_heroes_welcome_1_1643921||accessdate=27 June 2016}}</ref> *[[Paul Ingle]] (b. 1972), former [[List of featherweight boxing champions|IBF featherweight]] champion.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ingle back up off canvas 15 years after fight that nearly killed him|url=http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/sport/boxing/ingle-back-up-off-canvas-15-years-after-fight-that-nearly-killed-him-1-7287087|accessdate=29 June 2016|work=Yorkshire Post|date=1 June 2015}}</ref> * [[Jake Pratt]] (b. 1996), English actor ==Gallery== <gallery> File:Scarborough in snow.JPG|Scarborough in snow File:Scarborough2.jpg|The South Bay File:scarboroughwithbridge.JPG|Spa Bridge (footbridge) File:The Grand Hotel.jpg|The [[Grand Hotel (Scarborough)|Grand Hotel]] File:Scarborough Police Box.jpg|An old seafront [[police box]] File:Scarbbelle.jpg|The "Belle" at [[Scarborough, North Yorkshire#Sport|Scarborough Lighthouse]] 2007 File:Scarborough, North Yorkshire - WWI poster.jpg|First World War recruitment poster depicting the effects of the German bombardment of Scarborough in 1914 File:The Spa and the Grand Hotel, Scarborough - geograph.org.uk - 807308.jpg|The Spa and the Grand Hotel File:Scarborough Marina.jpg|Scarborough Marina and Harbour with the Castle in view </gallery> ==Environs== {{Geographic location |title = '''Destinations from Scarborough''' |Northwest = [[Whitby]], [[Robin Hood's Bay]] |North = [[North Sea]] |Northeast = [[North Sea]] |West = [[Pickering, North Yorkshire|Pickering]] |Centre = Scarborough |East = [[North Sea]] |Southwest = [[Seamer, Scarborough|Seamer]] |South = [[Cayton]] |Southeast = [[Filey]] }} == See also == *[[Soundwave Festival]] *[[Scarborough Castle]] *[[Scarborough Fair Collection]] *[[Beached Festival]] *[[Scarborough North Bay Railway]] *[[Raincliffe Woods]] *[[Opera House Casino, Scarborough|Opera House Casino]] *[[Scarborough College]] *[[Radio 270]] *[[St James with Holy Trinity Church, Scarborough]] *[[Scarborough Tramways Company]] *[[Scarborough Maritime Heritage Centre]] *[[Anne Brontë]] ==Notes== {{reflist|group="note"}} ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ===Bibliography=== * {{cite web | first = Emily Wortis | last = Leider | title = A writer's resort | publisher = ''[[New York Times]]'' | date = 14 October 1990 | url = https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE4DB173DF937A25753C1A966958260&sec=travel&spon=&pagewanted=print | accessdate = 10 September 2014}} * [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=64705 The Borough of Scarborough], in William Page (ed.) (1923), ''A History of the County of York North Riding: Volume 2'', [[Victoria County History]] series, pp.&nbsp;538–560. == External links == {{Commons category|Scarborough, North Yorkshire}} {{Wikivoyage|Scarborough}} <!--======================== {{No more links}} ============================ | PLEASE BE CAUTIOUS IN ADDING MORE LINKS TO THIS ARTICLE. Wikipedia | | is not a collection of links nor should it be used for advertising. | | | | Excessive or inappropriate links WILL BE DELETED. | | See [[Wikipedia:External links]] & [[Wikipedia:Spam]] for details. | ======================= {{No more links}} =============================--> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140910195807/http://www.scarborough-heritage.org/main/index.asp Scarborough Archaeological and Historical Society] * [http://www.discoveryorkshirecoast.com/scarborough.aspx Official tourism website] * [http://www.thescarboroughnews.co.uk The Scarborough News] * Dalrymple, Theodore: [http://www.spectator.co.uk/features/6916348/scarborough-unfair/ Scarborough unfair] at ''[[The Spectator]]'', 7 May 2011 {{Navboxes |list1 = {{North Yorkshire}} {{Coastal settlements |place = North Yorkshire |settlement = Scarborough |anticlockwise = [[Ravenscar, North Yorkshire|Ravenscar]] |clockwise = [[Osgodby, Scarborough|Osgodby]] }} {{Lighthouses in England}} }} [[Category:Scarborough, North Yorkshire|*]] [[Category:966 establishments]] [[Category:Populated places established in the 10th century]] [[Category:Seaside resorts in England]] [[Category:Towns in North Yorkshire]] [[Category:Bays of North Yorkshire]] [[Category:Ports and harbours of Yorkshire]] [[Category:Populated coastal places in North Yorkshire]] [[Category:Viking Age populated places]] [[Category:Beaches of North Yorkshire]] [[Category:Rally GB]] [[Category:10th-century establishments in England]]'
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'@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ Scarborough is home to local commercial radio station, [[Yorkshire Coast Radio]] which provides a daily news service for the town with a team of journalists based at its studios in Eastfield, broadcasting on FM, DAB, and online.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://static.ofcom.org.uk/static/radiolicensing/html/radio-stations/analogue/al000158ba2yorkshirecoastradio.htm|title=Ofcom {{!}} Analogue Radio Stations|website=static.ofcom.org.uk|accessdate=27 February 2018}}</ref> -DAB station [[Coast & County Radio]] is also based in Scarborough, featuring former [[ITV_(TV_network)|ITV]] and [[Price Drop]] star [[Greg Scott (presenter)|Greg Scott]] amongst its presenters.<ref>{{cite web|title=MEET OUR PRESENTERS|url=https://www.coastandcountyradio.co.uk/presenters/|website=Coast & County Radio|publisher=Coast & County Radio|accessdate=23 April 2018}}</ref> +DAB station [[Coast & County Radio]] is also based in Scarborough. -The town is also the home of the online only [[community radio]] station, Radio Scarborough.<ref>{{cite web|title=Radio Scarborough - Community Radio to entertain Scarborough and the world|url=http://www.radioscarborough.co.uk/|website=www.radioscarborough.co.uk|accessdate=9 April 2018}}</ref> The station was raided in August 2017 by [[Ofcom]] for illegally broadcasting their service.<ref>{{cite web|title=SBC’S SCARBOROUGH MARKET HALL RAIDED|url=http://nyenquirer.uk/sbcs-scarborough-market-hall-raided/|website=North Yorks Enquirer|publisher=North Yorks Enquirer|accessdate=23 April 2018}}</ref> +The town is also the home of the online only [[community radio]] station, Radio Scarborough.<ref>{{cite web|title=Radio Scarborough - Community Radio to entertain Scarborough and the world|url=http://www.radioscarborough.co.uk/|website=www.radioscarborough.co.uk|accessdate=9 April 2018}}</ref> ===Digital connectivity=== '
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[ 0 => 'DAB station [[Coast & County Radio]] is also based in Scarborough.', 1 => 'The town is also the home of the online only [[community radio]] station, Radio Scarborough.<ref>{{cite web|title=Radio Scarborough - Community Radio to entertain Scarborough and the world|url=http://www.radioscarborough.co.uk/|website=www.radioscarborough.co.uk|accessdate=9 April 2018}}</ref>' ]
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[ 0 => 'DAB station [[Coast & County Radio]] is also based in Scarborough, featuring former [[ITV_(TV_network)|ITV]] and [[Price Drop]] star [[Greg Scott (presenter)|Greg Scott]] amongst its presenters.<ref>{{cite web|title=MEET OUR PRESENTERS|url=https://www.coastandcountyradio.co.uk/presenters/|website=Coast & County Radio|publisher=Coast & County Radio|accessdate=23 April 2018}}</ref>', 1 => 'The town is also the home of the online only [[community radio]] station, Radio Scarborough.<ref>{{cite web|title=Radio Scarborough - Community Radio to entertain Scarborough and the world|url=http://www.radioscarborough.co.uk/|website=www.radioscarborough.co.uk|accessdate=9 April 2018}}</ref> The station was raided in August 2017 by [[Ofcom]] for illegally broadcasting their service.<ref>{{cite web|title=SBC’S SCARBOROUGH MARKET HALL RAIDED|url=http://nyenquirer.uk/sbcs-scarborough-market-hall-raided/|website=North Yorks Enquirer|publisher=North Yorks Enquirer|accessdate=23 April 2018}}</ref>' ]
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