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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext ) | '{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{refimprove|date=February 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian politician
| name = Biju Patnaik
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = Biju Patnaik 2018 stamp of India.jpg
| caption = Patnaik in a 2018 stamp of India
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|03|05|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Asika|Aska]], [[Bihar and Orissa Province|Orissa]], [[British India]]<br> (now [[Odisha]], India)
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1997|04|17|1916|03|05|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Newhi]], India
| birth_name = Bijayananda Patnaik
| office1 = [[List of Chief Ministers of Odisha|3rd]] [[Chief Minister of Odisha]]
| term_start1 = 5 March 1990
| term_end1 = 15 March 1995
| predecessor1 = [[Hemananda Biswal]]
| successor1 = [[Janaki Ballabh Pattanaik]]
| term_start2 = 23 June 1961
| term_end2 = 2 October 1963
| predecessor2 = [[Harekrushna Mahatab]]
| successor2 =[[Biren Mitra]]
| office3= [[Morarji Desai Ministry|Minister of Steel, Mines and Coals]]
| term_start3 = March 1977
| term_end3= January 1980
| primeminister3 = [[Morarji Desai]]
| constituency3= [[Kendrapara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kendrapara]]
| party = [[Janata Dal]]<small> (1989–1997)</small>
| otherparty = [[Janata Party]]<small> (1977–1989)</small><br>[[Utkal Congress]]<small> (1969–1977)</small><br>[[Indian National Congress]]<small> (1946–1969)</small>
| alma_mater = [[Ravenshaw College]]
| profession = [[Aircraft pilot|Pilot]], [[Politician]]
| spouse = Gyan Patnaik
| signature =
| children = Prem Patnaik<br />[[Naveen Patnaik]]<br />[[Gita Mehta]]
}}
'''Bijayananda Patnaik''' (5 March 1916 – 17 April 1997), popularly known as '''Biju Patnaik''', was an [[India]]n politician, aviator and businessman. As politician, he served twice as the [[List of Chief Ministers of Odisha|Chief Minister]] of the State of [[Odisha]].
[[File:Biju_Pattnaik_statue.jpg|thumb|Biju Pattnaik statue]]
== Early life ==
[[File:Anand Bhawan, Cuttack.jpg|thumb|Anand Bhawan, Biju Patnaik's ancestral house.]]
Biju Patnaik was born on 5 March 1916 to Lakshminarayan and Ashalata Patnaik. His parents belong to G.Nuagan, [[Belaguntha|Bellaguntha]], [[Ganjam district]], around 80 km from [[Bramhapur]]. He was educated at [[Ravenshaw College]] in Odisha but due to his interest in aviation he dropped out and trained as a pilot. Patnaik flew with private airlines but at the start of the [[Second World War]] he joined the [[Royal Indian Air Force]] eventually becoming head of air transport command. While in service he began an interest in nationalist politics and used air force transports to deliver what was seen as subversive literature to Indian troops. But Patnaik remained committed to fighting the [[Axis Powers]]. He was jailed by the British for dropping political leaflets to Indian soldiers fighting under British command in Burma and flying clandestine missions that carried Congress Party leaders from hideouts across India to secret meetings that charted the independence struggle.
==Role in Indonesian freedom struggle==
{{main|Sutan Sjahrir}}
Biju Patnaik met with [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] during his participation in Indonesian freedom struggle and became one of his trusted friends. Nehru viewed the freedom struggle of the Indonesian people as parallel to that of India, and viewed Indonesia as a potential ally. When the Dutch attempted to quell Indonesian independence on 21 July 1947, President [[Sukarno]] ordered [[Sutan Sjahrir|Sjahrir]], the former prime minister of Indonesia, to leave the country to attend the first Inter-Asia Conference, organised by Nehru, in July 1947<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ajit Singh praises Biju Patnaik |date=5 March 2013 |newspaper=Zee News (Zee Media Corporation Ltd) |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/odisha/ajit-singh-praises-biju-patnaik_833198.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728192128/http://zeenews.india.com/news/odisha/ajit-singh-praises-biju-patnaik_833198.html |archivedate=28 July 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> and to foment international public opinion against the Dutch.<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Joshi, Dina Krishna |title=Biju Patnaik: The Legendary Hero |year=2010 |journal=Orissa Review |volume=2010 |issue=2, February/March |pages=53–56, page 55 |url=http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2010/Feb-Mar/engpdf/feb-march-2010.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808165437/http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2010/Feb-Mar/engpdf/feb-march-2010.pdf |archivedate=8 August 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> Sjahrir was unable to leave as the Dutch controlled the Indonesian sea and air routes. Nehru asked Biju Patnaik, who was adventurous and an expert pilot, to rescue Sjahrir.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biju Patnaik Biography – Biju Patnaik Profile, Childhood, Life, Timeline |publisher=India Guide (iloveindia.com) |url=http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/biju-patnaik.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622220017/http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/biju-patnaik.html |archivedate=22 June 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> Biju Patnaik and his wife flew to [[Java]] and brought Sultan Sjahrir out on a [[Douglas C-47 Skytrain|Douglas C-47]] (Dakota) military aircraft reaching India via Singapore on 24 July 1947. For this act of bravery, Patnaik was given honorary citizenship in Indonesia<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Biju Patnaik |date=24 April 1997 |journal=[[The Economist]] |url=http://www.economist.com/node/148026 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020163936/http://www.economist.com/node/148026 |archivedate=20 October 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> and awarded the 'Bhoomi Putra',<ref>{{Cite news |author=Singh, Kuldip |date=2 May 1997 |title=Obituary: Biju Patnaik |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-biju-patnaik-1259246.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215081542/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-biju-patnaik-1259246.html |archivedate=15 February 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> the highest Indonesian award, rarely granted to a foreigner. In 1995, when Indonesia was celebrating its 50th Independence Day, Biju Patnaik was awarded the highest national award, the 'Bintang Jasa Utama'.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Ansari, Javed M. |title=The Hero in Winter |date=15 September 1995 |newspaper=[[India Today]] |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/indonesian-govt-bestows-biju-patnaik-with-country-highest-honour-bintang-jasa-utama/1/289380.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160226131452/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/indonesian-govt-bestows-biju-patnaik-with-country-highest-honour-bintang-jasa-utama/1/289380.html |archivedate=26 February 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
==Role in saving Kashmir==
Biju Patnaik flew many sorties on his Dakota DC-3 from Delhi Safdarjung Airport on 27 October 1947, after the first Dakota DC-3 (Reg.No: VP 905) flown by Wg. Cdr. KL Bhatia landed in [[Srinagar Airport]] early morning. He brought 17 soldiers of 1-Sikh regiment commanded by Lt. Col. Dewan Ranjit Rai. He flew low on the airstrip twice to ensure that no raiders were around... Instructions from Prime Minister Nehru’s office were clear: If the airport was taken over by the enemy, he was not to land. Taking a full circle the [[DC-3]] flew ground level. Anxious eye-balls peered from inside the aircraft – only to find the airstrip empty. Nary a soul was in sight. The raiders were busy distributing the spoils of war amongst them in Baramulla.
===Politics in independent India===
Patnaik's political ideals were centred in socialism and [[federalism]]. His strong advocacy for equal resources to all Indian states who needed such, made him a champion of his Odia constituents.
In 1946 Patnaik was elected uncontested to the [[Odisha]] Legislative Assembly from North [[Cuttack]] constituency. In 1952 and 1957 he won from '''[[Jagannathprasad]]''' and [[Surada]], respectively. In 1960 he assumed the presidency of the state Congress. Under his leadership, the Congress Party won 82 of 140 seats and Patnaik (representing Chowdwar constituency) became the chief minister of Odisha on 23 June 1961 and remained in the position until 2 October 1963 when he resigned from the post under the [[Kamaraj Plan]] to revitalise the Congress party. He was the Chief Minister of Odisha at the age of 45.
Patnaik was close to Indira Gandhi who took over the Congress Party in 1967. However, they clashed in 1969 over the Presidential election. He left the Congress and formed a regional party—the [[Utkal Congress]]. In the 1971 assembly poll, his party did reasonably well. Patnaik then re-established contact with his old friend Jayaprakash Narayan and plunged into the JP movement as it picked up momentum in 1974. When the Emergency was declared in 1975, Biju Patnaik was one of the first to be arrested along with other opposition leaders.
He was released in 1977. Later, in the same year, he was elected to the [[Lok Sabha]] for the first time from [[Kendrapara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kendrapara]] and became Union minister for steel and mines in both the [[Morarji Desai]] and the [[Charan Singh]] governments until 1979. He was re-elected to the Lok Sabha again in 1980 and 1984 from [[Kendrapara]] as [[Janata Party]] candidate despite the Congress wave in 1984 following [[Indira Gandhi]]'s death. With the Congress defeat in 1989, he bounced back into the political limelight. However, after playing a key behind-the-scenes role in manoeuvring [[V. P. Singh]] to the Prime Minister's post, he again chose to go back to Odisha, and prepared for the assembly election. In 1990 state assembly election, the [[Janata Dal]] received a thumping majority (two third assembly seats) which saw Biju Patnaik being the [[Chief Minister]] of [[Odisha]] for the second time until 1995.
Patnaik was re-elected to the Lok Sabha in 1996 from Cuttack and [[Aska (Lok Sabha constituency)|Aska]] constituencies as a Janata Dal candidate. He retained the latter until his death on 17 April 1997 of cardio-respiratory failure.<ref>{{cite news |title=Biju Patnaik dead |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/apr/17biju.htm |accessdate=29 October 2018 |work=Rediff.com |date=18 April 1997}}</ref>
In 1992, [[Bijayananda Patnaik]] left this quote for the people of Odisha;
"In my dream of the 21st century for the State, I would have young men and women who put the interest of the State before them. They will have pride in themselves, confidence in themselves. They will not be at anybody’s mercy, except their own selves. By their brains, intelligence and capacity, they will recapture the history of [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalinga]]."
===Achievements as a public representative===
Biju Patnaik set up Kalinga tubes, [[Kalinga Airlines]], Kalinga Iron work, Kalinga Refractories and the Kalinga, a daily Oriya newspaper. In 1951 he established the international [[Kalinga Prize]] for popularisation of Science and Technology among the people and entrusted the responsibility to the UNESCO. The projects which he was known to have spearheaded includes the [[Port of Paradip]], [[Orissa aviation centre]], [[Bhubaneswar Airport]], the Cuttack-Jagatpur Mahanadi highway bridge, [[Regional Engineering College, Rourkela]], [[Sainik School Bhubaneswar]], [[Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology]]-[[Bhubaneswar]], [[National Aluminium Company|NALCO]] (National Aluminum Company), [[Talcher Thermal Power Station]], [[Balimela Reservoir|Balimela Hydel Project]], [[Hindustan Aeronautics|HAL]]-[[Sunabeda]] and the [[Choudwar]] & [[Barbil]] industrial belts.
He also established the [[Kalinga Cup]] in [[association football|football]].
=== Family ===
Biju Patnaik was married to Gyan Patnaik. Biju Patnaik's younger son, [[Naveen Patnaik]], is the current Chief Minister of Odisha. His daughter, [[Gita Mehta]], is an English writer. His elder son Prem Patnaik is a [[Delhi]]-based industrialist.
==Popular incidents and quotes==
'''Paradeep Port''': Patnaik was keen to build the port at Paradeep. When the Central government refused to give funds to build the Paradeep port, he said: ''To hell with the Government of India. I will build the port with state government on my own money.'' And he spent Rs 1.60 billion on it. Later, of course, Nehru sanctioned funds for the project. Today that is Odisha's most prominent port.
'''Nehru and Patnaik''': Nehru Patnaik "India's buccaneer". When Nehru was criticized in the Parliament for his decision to provide more aid to Odisha. Nehru replied, '"Biju Patnaik has the courage, dynamism and zeal to work. So there is no blunder in giving more aid to Odisha." During the [[Sino-Indian War]] in 1962, Nehru consulted the Odia leader repeatedly for advice. For sometime he was Nehru's defence advisor, unofficially of course. 'The prime minister was dazzled by Mr Patnaik's familiarity with military subjects,' wrote a political commentator of the time.
'''Anti-corruption stand''': To fight against corruption he once proclaimed 'beat up all corrupt officials. He used to follow the famous lines of Nehru "Corrupt people should be hanged to the next lamp post"
'''On death''': When a journalist asked him on his 79th birthday how he would like to die, he quipped, 'I would like to die in an air crash rather than from prolonged illness. I would like to die instantaneously, just fall down and die'. This was later narrated by one of Biju Patnaik's close associates Mr.Manas Ranjan, Advocate.
'''On Odisha and for Oriyas''': To be born poor is not a crime but to remain so is indeed a crime'.
'Be loyal not to me but to the destiny of the State'. 'Odisha is a rich state where poor people live'. 'Be a pride to your State and not a shame'.
== Commemoration ==
The Government of Odisha has named several institutions after the name of Biju Patanaik. They include the [[Biju Patnaik Airport]] at [[Bhubaneswar]], the [[Biju Patnaik University of Technology]], [https://web.archive.org/web/20150116222840/http://www.nalcokhabar.com/tag/independence-day-nalco-stadium/ Biju Patnaik Stadium] at Nalco Nagar, [[Angul]] etc. Also his son [[Naveen Patnaik]] made his birthday 5 March as the Panchayat Raj Divas, a holiday in Odisha in his memory. The Biju Patnaik 5 Rupee commemorative coin was released in 2016.
[[File:Biju Patnaik Memorial.JPG|thumb|Biju Patnaik Memorial]]
== Personal life ==
Patnaik was the father of author Geeta Mehta and Odisha Chief Minister [[Naveen Patnaik]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/geeta-mehta-writer-and-sister-of-odisha-cm-naveen-patnaik-declines-padma-award-361084.html|title=Gita Mehta, Writer And Sister Of Odisha CM Naveen Patnaik, Declines Padma Award Citing Polls|author=|date=26 January 2019|website=indiatimes.com}}</ref>
==Legislative history==
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:left;"
|-
!House
!Constituency<ref>[http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf List of Members of Odisha Legislative Assembly (1951–2004)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217121136/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |date=17 December 2013 }}</ref>
!Start
!End<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok11/biodata/11or01d.htm|title=Shri Biju Patnaik, J.D. – Aska (Odisha)|author=|date=|publisher=}}</ref>
!Party
!Notes
|-
|[[11th Lok Sabha]]
|[[Aska (Lok Sabha constituency)|Aska]]
|1996
|17 April 1997*
|[[Janata Dal]]
|*Expired
|-
|10th [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]]
|Bhubaneswar
|1990
|1995
|Janata Dal
|
|-
|9th Vidhan Sabha
|Bhubaneswar
|1985
|1990
|Janata
|
|-
|[[8th Lok Sabha]]
|[[Kendrapara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kendrapara]]
|1984
|25 March 1985*
|
|*Resigned
|-
|[[7th Lok Sabha]]
|Kendrapara
|1980
|
|
|
|-
|8th Vidhan Sabha
|Patkura
|1980
|11 June 1980*
|Janata (S)
|*Resigned<ref name="Gajrani2004">{{cite book|author=S. Gajrani|title=History, Religion and Culture of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ksgz4Fvt57QC&pg=PA167|year=2004|publisher=Gyan Publishing House|isbn=978-81-8205-063-1|pages=167–}}</ref>
|-
|[[6th Lok Sabha]]
|Kendrapara
|1977
|
|
|
|-
|6th Vidhan Sabha
|Rajnagar
|1974
|1977
|[[Utkal Congress]]
|
|-
| [[Rajya Sabha]]
|[[List of Rajya Sabha members from Odisha|Odisha]]
|13 May 1971
|6 October 1971
|Janata Dal
|
|-
|3rd Vidhan Sabha
|Choudwar
|1961
|1967
|[[Indian National Congress|Congress]]
|
|-
|2nd Vidhan Sabha
|[[Surada (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Surada]]
|1957
|1961
|Congress
|
|-
|1st Vidhan Sabha
|[[Jagannathprasad]]
|1951
|1957
|Congress
|
|}
==See also==
* [[List of Chief Ministers of Odisha]]
* [[Biju Sena]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|Biju Patnaik}}
* [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E05E4DD173EF932A15757C0A961958260&sec=&spon=&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink New York Times article on Biju Patnaik]
* [http://www.orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/febmar2005/englishpdf/bptvoapatriot.pdf Biju Patnaik: The Vision of a Patriot]
* [http://www.orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/febmar2005/englishpdf/bpatribute.pdf Tribute to Patnaik]
{{s-start}}
{{Succession box
|before= [[Harekrushna Mahatab]](1st term)<br />[[Hemananda Biswal]](2nd term)
|title= [[List of Chief Ministers of Odisha|Chief Minister of Odisha]]
|years=28 June 1961 to 2 October 1963 (1st term)<br /> 5 March 1990 to 15 March 1995 (2nd term)
|after= [[Biren Mitra]](1st term)<br />[[Janaki Ballabh Pattanaik]](2nd term)
}}
{{s-end}}
{{Chief Ministers of Odisha}}
{{Indian independence movement}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Patnaik, Biju}}
[[Category:1916 births]]
[[Category:1997 deaths]]
[[Category:Chief Ministers of Odisha]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Odisha]]
[[Category:Brahmos]]
[[Category:Odisha politicians]]
[[Category:6th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:7th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:8th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:11th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:Utkal Congress politicians]]
[[Category:Members of the Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:V. P. Singh administration]]
[[Category:Indian aviators]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Odisha]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Odisha]]
[[Category:People from Ganjam district]]
[[Category:People from Kendrapara district]]
[[Category:Indians imprisoned during the Emergency (India)]]
[[Category:Leaders of the Opposition in Odisha]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Indian National Congress]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Janata Dal]]
[[Category:Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Odisha]]
[[Category:Janata Party politicians]]
[[Category:People from Cuttack]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext ) | '{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{refimprove|date=February 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian politician
| name = Biju Patnaik
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = Biju Patnaik 2018 stamp of India.jpg
| caption = Patnaik in a 2018 stamp of India
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1916|03|05|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Asika|Aska]], [[Bihar and Orissa Province|Orissa]], [[British India]]<br> (now [[Odisha]], India)
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1997|04|17|1916|03|05|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Newhi]], India
| birth_name = Bijayananda Patnaik
| office1 = 3rd [[List of Chief Ministers of Odisha|Chief Minister of Odisha]]
| term_start1 = 5 March 1990
| term_end1 = 15 March 1995
| predecessor1 = [[Hemananda Biswal]]
| successor1 = [[Janaki Ballabh Pattanaik]]
| term_start2 = 23 June 1961
| term_end2 = 2 October 1963
| predecessor2 = [[Harekrushna Mahatab]]
| successor2 =[[Biren Mitra]]
| office3= [[Morarji Desai Ministry|Minister of Steel, Mines and Coals]]
| term_start3 = March 1977
| term_end3= January 1980
| primeminister3 = [[Morarji Desai]]
| constituency3= [[Kendrapara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kendrapara]]
| party = [[Janata Dal]]<small> (1989–1997)</small>
| otherparty = [[Janata Party]]<small> (1977–1989)</small><br>[[Utkal Congress]]<small> (1969–1977)</small><br>[[Indian National Congress]]<small> (1946–1969)</small>
| alma_mater = [[Ravenshaw College]]
| profession = [[Aircraft pilot|Pilot]], [[Politician]]
| spouse = Gyan Patnaik
| signature =
| children = Prem Patnaik<br />[[Naveen Patnaik]]<br />[[Gita Mehta]]
}}
'''Bijayananda Patnaik''' (5 March 1916 – 17 April 1997), popularly known as '''Biju Patnaik''', was an [[India]]n politician, aviator and businessman. As politician, he served twice as the [[List of Chief Ministers of Odisha|Chief Minister]] of the State of [[Odisha]].
[[File:Biju_Pattnaik_statue.jpg|thumb|Biju Pattnaik statue]]
== Early life ==
[[File:Anand Bhawan, Cuttack.jpg|thumb|Anand Bhawan, Biju Patnaik's ancestral house.]]
Biju Patnaik was born on 5 March 1916 to Lakshminarayan and Ashalata Patnaik. His parents belong to G.Nuagan, [[Belaguntha|Bellaguntha]], [[Ganjam district]], around 80 km from [[Bramhapur]]. He was educated at [[Ravenshaw College]] in Odisha but due to his interest in aviation he dropped out and trained as a pilot. Patnaik flew with private airlines but at the start of the [[Second World War]] he joined the [[Royal Indian Air Force]] eventually becoming head of air transport command. While in service he began an interest in nationalist politics and used air force transports to deliver what was seen as subversive literature to Indian troops. But Patnaik remained committed to fighting the [[Axis Powers]]. He was jailed by the British for dropping political leaflets to Indian soldiers fighting under British command in Burma and flying clandestine missions that carried Congress Party leaders from hideouts across India to secret meetings that charted the independence struggle.
==Role in Indonesian freedom struggle==
{{main|Sutan Sjahrir}}
Biju Patnaik met with [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] during his participation in Indonesian freedom struggle and became one of his trusted friends. Nehru viewed the freedom struggle of the Indonesian people as parallel to that of India, and viewed Indonesia as a potential ally. When the Dutch attempted to quell Indonesian independence on 21 July 1947, President [[Sukarno]] ordered [[Sutan Sjahrir|Sjahrir]], the former prime minister of Indonesia, to leave the country to attend the first Inter-Asia Conference, organised by Nehru, in July 1947<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ajit Singh praises Biju Patnaik |date=5 March 2013 |newspaper=Zee News (Zee Media Corporation Ltd) |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/odisha/ajit-singh-praises-biju-patnaik_833198.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728192128/http://zeenews.india.com/news/odisha/ajit-singh-praises-biju-patnaik_833198.html |archivedate=28 July 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> and to foment international public opinion against the Dutch.<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Joshi, Dina Krishna |title=Biju Patnaik: The Legendary Hero |year=2010 |journal=Orissa Review |volume=2010 |issue=2, February/March |pages=53–56, page 55 |url=http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2010/Feb-Mar/engpdf/feb-march-2010.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808165437/http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2010/Feb-Mar/engpdf/feb-march-2010.pdf |archivedate=8 August 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> Sjahrir was unable to leave as the Dutch controlled the Indonesian sea and air routes. Nehru asked Biju Patnaik, who was adventurous and an expert pilot, to rescue Sjahrir.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biju Patnaik Biography – Biju Patnaik Profile, Childhood, Life, Timeline |publisher=India Guide (iloveindia.com) |url=http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/biju-patnaik.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622220017/http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/biju-patnaik.html |archivedate=22 June 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> Biju Patnaik and his wife flew to [[Java]] and brought Sultan Sjahrir out on a [[Douglas C-47 Skytrain|Douglas C-47]] (Dakota) military aircraft reaching India via Singapore on 24 July 1947. For this act of bravery, Patnaik was given honorary citizenship in Indonesia<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Biju Patnaik |date=24 April 1997 |journal=[[The Economist]] |url=http://www.economist.com/node/148026 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020163936/http://www.economist.com/node/148026 |archivedate=20 October 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> and awarded the 'Bhoomi Putra',<ref>{{Cite news |author=Singh, Kuldip |date=2 May 1997 |title=Obituary: Biju Patnaik |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-biju-patnaik-1259246.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215081542/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-biju-patnaik-1259246.html |archivedate=15 February 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> the highest Indonesian award, rarely granted to a foreigner. In 1995, when Indonesia was celebrating its 50th Independence Day, Biju Patnaik was awarded the highest national award, the 'Bintang Jasa Utama'.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Ansari, Javed M. |title=The Hero in Winter |date=15 September 1995 |newspaper=[[India Today]] |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/indonesian-govt-bestows-biju-patnaik-with-country-highest-honour-bintang-jasa-utama/1/289380.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160226131452/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/indonesian-govt-bestows-biju-patnaik-with-country-highest-honour-bintang-jasa-utama/1/289380.html |archivedate=26 February 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
==Role in saving Kashmir==
Biju Patnaik flew many sorties on his Dakota DC-3 from Delhi Safdarjung Airport on 27 October 1947, after the first Dakota DC-3 (Reg.No: VP 905) flown by Wg. Cdr. KL Bhatia landed in [[Srinagar Airport]] early morning. He brought 17 soldiers of 1-Sikh regiment commanded by Lt. Col. Dewan Ranjit Rai. He flew low on the airstrip twice to ensure that no raiders were around... Instructions from Prime Minister Nehru’s office were clear: If the airport was taken over by the enemy, he was not to land. Taking a full circle the [[DC-3]] flew ground level. Anxious eye-balls peered from inside the aircraft – only to find the airstrip empty. Nary a soul was in sight. The raiders were busy distributing the spoils of war amongst them in Baramulla.
===Politics in independent India===
Patnaik's political ideals were centred in socialism and [[federalism]]. His strong advocacy for equal resources to all Indian states who needed such, made him a champion of his Odia constituents.
In 1946 Patnaik was elected uncontested to the [[Odisha]] Legislative Assembly from North [[Cuttack]] constituency. In 1952 and 1957 he won from '''[[Jagannathprasad]]''' and [[Surada]], respectively. In 1960 he assumed the presidency of the state Congress. Under his leadership, the Congress Party won 82 of 140 seats and Patnaik (representing Chowdwar constituency) became the chief minister of Odisha on 23 June 1961 and remained in the position until 2 October 1963 when he resigned from the post under the [[Kamaraj Plan]] to revitalise the Congress party. He was the Chief Minister of Odisha at the age of 45.
Patnaik was close to Indira Gandhi who took over the Congress Party in 1967. However, they clashed in 1969 over the Presidential election. He left the Congress and formed a regional party—the [[Utkal Congress]]. In the 1971 assembly poll, his party did reasonably well. Patnaik then re-established contact with his old friend Jayaprakash Narayan and plunged into the JP movement as it picked up momentum in 1974. When the Emergency was declared in 1975, Biju Patnaik was one of the first to be arrested along with other opposition leaders.
He was released in 1977. Later, in the same year, he was elected to the [[Lok Sabha]] for the first time from [[Kendrapara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kendrapara]] and became Union minister for steel and mines in both the [[Morarji Desai]] and the [[Charan Singh]] governments until 1979. He was re-elected to the Lok Sabha again in 1980 and 1984 from [[Kendrapara]] as [[Janata Party]] candidate despite the Congress wave in 1984 following [[Indira Gandhi]]'s death. With the Congress defeat in 1989, he bounced back into the political limelight. However, after playing a key behind-the-scenes role in manoeuvring [[V. P. Singh]] to the Prime Minister's post, he again chose to go back to Odisha, and prepared for the assembly election. In 1990 state assembly election, the [[Janata Dal]] received a thumping majority (two third assembly seats) which saw Biju Patnaik being the [[Chief Minister]] of [[Odisha]] for the second time until 1995.
Patnaik was re-elected to the Lok Sabha in 1996 from Cuttack and [[Aska (Lok Sabha constituency)|Aska]] constituencies as a Janata Dal candidate. He retained the latter until his death on 17 April 1997 of cardio-respiratory failure.<ref>{{cite news |title=Biju Patnaik dead |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/apr/17biju.htm |accessdate=29 October 2018 |work=Rediff.com |date=18 April 1997}}</ref>
In 1992, [[Bijayananda Patnaik]] left this quote for the people of Odisha;
"In my dream of the 21st century for the State, I would have young men and women who put the interest of the State before them. They will have pride in themselves, confidence in themselves. They will not be at anybody’s mercy, except their own selves. By their brains, intelligence and capacity, they will recapture the history of [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalinga]]."
===Achievements as a public representative===
Biju Patnaik set up Kalinga tubes, [[Kalinga Airlines]], Kalinga Iron work, Kalinga Refractories and the Kalinga, a daily Oriya newspaper. In 1951 he established the international [[Kalinga Prize]] for popularisation of Science and Technology among the people and entrusted the responsibility to the UNESCO. The projects which he was known to have spearheaded includes the [[Port of Paradip]], [[Orissa aviation centre]], [[Bhubaneswar Airport]], the Cuttack-Jagatpur Mahanadi highway bridge, [[Regional Engineering College, Rourkela]], [[Sainik School Bhubaneswar]], [[Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology]]-[[Bhubaneswar]], [[National Aluminium Company|NALCO]] (National Aluminum Company), [[Talcher Thermal Power Station]], [[Balimela Reservoir|Balimela Hydel Project]], [[Hindustan Aeronautics|HAL]]-[[Sunabeda]] and the [[Choudwar]] & [[Barbil]] industrial belts.
He also established the [[Kalinga Cup]] in [[association football|football]].
=== Family ===
Biju Patnaik was married to Gyan Patnaik. Biju Patnaik's younger son, [[Naveen Patnaik]], is the current Chief Minister of Odisha. His daughter, [[Gita Mehta]], is an English writer. His elder son Prem Patnaik is a [[Delhi]]-based industrialist.
==Popular incidents and quotes==
'''Paradeep Port''': Patnaik was keen to build the port at Paradeep. When the Central government refused to give funds to build the Paradeep port, he said: ''To hell with the Government of India. I will build the port with state government on my own money.'' And he spent Rs 1.60 billion on it. Later, of course, Nehru sanctioned funds for the project. Today that is Odisha's most prominent port.
'''Nehru and Patnaik''': Nehru Patnaik "India's buccaneer". When Nehru was criticized in the Parliament for his decision to provide more aid to Odisha. Nehru replied, '"Biju Patnaik has the courage, dynamism and zeal to work. So there is no blunder in giving more aid to Odisha." During the [[Sino-Indian War]] in 1962, Nehru consulted the Odia leader repeatedly for advice. For sometime he was Nehru's defence advisor, unofficially of course. 'The prime minister was dazzled by Mr Patnaik's familiarity with military subjects,' wrote a political commentator of the time.
'''Anti-corruption stand''': To fight against corruption he once proclaimed 'beat up all corrupt officials. He used to follow the famous lines of Nehru "Corrupt people should be hanged to the next lamp post"
'''On death''': When a journalist asked him on his 79th birthday how he would like to die, he quipped, 'I would like to die in an air crash rather than from prolonged illness. I would like to die instantaneously, just fall down and die'. This was later narrated by one of Biju Patnaik's close associates Mr.Manas Ranjan, Advocate.
'''On Odisha and for Oriyas''': To be born poor is not a crime but to remain so is indeed a crime'.
'Be loyal not to me but to the destiny of the State'. 'Odisha is a rich state where poor people live'. 'Be a pride to your State and not a shame'.
== Commemoration ==
The Government of Odisha has named several institutions after the name of Biju Patanaik. They include the [[Biju Patnaik Airport]] at [[Bhubaneswar]], the [[Biju Patnaik University of Technology]], [https://web.archive.org/web/20150116222840/http://www.nalcokhabar.com/tag/independence-day-nalco-stadium/ Biju Patnaik Stadium] at Nalco Nagar, [[Angul]] etc. Also his son [[Naveen Patnaik]] made his birthday 5 March as the Panchayat Raj Divas, a holiday in Odisha in his memory. The Biju Patnaik 5 Rupee commemorative coin was released in 2016.
[[File:Biju Patnaik Memorial.JPG|thumb|Biju Patnaik Memorial]]
== Personal life ==
Patnaik was the father of author Geeta Mehta and Odisha Chief Minister [[Naveen Patnaik]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/geeta-mehta-writer-and-sister-of-odisha-cm-naveen-patnaik-declines-padma-award-361084.html|title=Gita Mehta, Writer And Sister Of Odisha CM Naveen Patnaik, Declines Padma Award Citing Polls|author=|date=26 January 2019|website=indiatimes.com}}</ref>
==Legislative history==
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:left;"
|-
!House
!Constituency<ref>[http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf List of Members of Odisha Legislative Assembly (1951–2004)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217121136/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |date=17 December 2013 }}</ref>
!Start
!End<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok11/biodata/11or01d.htm|title=Shri Biju Patnaik, J.D. – Aska (Odisha)|author=|date=|publisher=}}</ref>
!Party
!Notes
|-
|[[11th Lok Sabha]]
|[[Aska (Lok Sabha constituency)|Aska]]
|1996
|17 April 1997*
|[[Janata Dal]]
|*Expired
|-
|10th [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]]
|Bhubaneswar
|1990
|1995
|Janata Dal
|
|-
|9th Vidhan Sabha
|Bhubaneswar
|1985
|1990
|Janata
|
|-
|[[8th Lok Sabha]]
|[[Kendrapara (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kendrapara]]
|1984
|25 March 1985*
|
|*Resigned
|-
|[[7th Lok Sabha]]
|Kendrapara
|1980
|
|
|
|-
|8th Vidhan Sabha
|Patkura
|1980
|11 June 1980*
|Janata (S)
|*Resigned<ref name="Gajrani2004">{{cite book|author=S. Gajrani|title=History, Religion and Culture of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ksgz4Fvt57QC&pg=PA167|year=2004|publisher=Gyan Publishing House|isbn=978-81-8205-063-1|pages=167–}}</ref>
|-
|[[6th Lok Sabha]]
|Kendrapara
|1977
|
|
|
|-
|6th Vidhan Sabha
|Rajnagar
|1974
|1977
|[[Utkal Congress]]
|
|-
| [[Rajya Sabha]]
|[[List of Rajya Sabha members from Odisha|Odisha]]
|13 May 1971
|6 October 1971
|Janata Dal
|
|-
|3rd Vidhan Sabha
|Choudwar
|1961
|1967
|[[Indian National Congress|Congress]]
|
|-
|2nd Vidhan Sabha
|[[Surada (Odisha Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Surada]]
|1957
|1961
|Congress
|
|-
|1st Vidhan Sabha
|[[Jagannathprasad]]
|1951
|1957
|Congress
|
|}
==See also==
* [[List of Chief Ministers of Odisha]]
* [[Biju Sena]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|Biju Patnaik}}
* [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E05E4DD173EF932A15757C0A961958260&sec=&spon=&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink New York Times article on Biju Patnaik]
* [http://www.orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/febmar2005/englishpdf/bptvoapatriot.pdf Biju Patnaik: The Vision of a Patriot]
* [http://www.orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/febmar2005/englishpdf/bpatribute.pdf Tribute to Patnaik]
{{s-start}}
{{Succession box
|before= [[Harekrushna Mahatab]](1st term)<br />[[Hemananda Biswal]](2nd term)
|title= [[List of Chief Ministers of Odisha|Chief Minister of Odisha]]
|years=28 June 1961 to 2 October 1963 (1st term)<br /> 5 March 1990 to 15 March 1995 (2nd term)
|after= [[Biren Mitra]](1st term)<br />[[Janaki Ballabh Pattanaik]](2nd term)
}}
{{s-end}}
{{Chief Ministers of Odisha}}
{{Indian independence movement}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Patnaik, Biju}}
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