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== History ==
== History ==
[[File:Western Satrap Coin of Rudrasimha I .jpg|thumb|300px|Coin of the Western Kshatrapa ruler [[Rudrasimha I]] (178 to 197 CE) who used "Simha" as suffix.]]
[[File:Western Satrap Coin of Rudrasimha I .jpg|thumb|300px|Coin of the Western Kshatrapa ruler [[Rudrasimha I]] (178 to 197 CE) who used "Simha" as suffix.

History remains at its own place but according to the various observation in today's India it has been seen that Yadav(ahir) community suppresses the singh community .In a nutshell yadavs are more glorious than singh<br />]]
Originally, the Sanskrit word for lion, variously transliterated as Simha or Singh was used as a title by [[Kshatriya]] warriors in northern parts of India. The earliest recorded examples of the names ending with "Simha" are the names of the two sons of the [[Saka]] ruler [[Rudradaman I|Rudraraman]] in the second century CE. [[Jayasimha (Vatapi Chalukya dynasty)|Jayasimha]], the first ruler of the [[Chalukya dynasty]] to bear the title Simha, ruled around 500 CE. The [[Chalukyas of Vengi|Vengi branch]] of the Chalukyas continued using Simha as the last name till the eleventh century. The Rajputs started using Singh in preference to the classical epithet of "[[Varma (name)|Varman]]". Among the [[Rajput]]s, the use of the word Simha came into vogue among the [[Paramara]]s of Malwa in 10th century CE, among the [[Guhilot]]s and the [[Kachwaha]]s of [[Narwar]] in the 12th century CE, and the [[Rathore]]s of Marwar after the 17th century.<ref name="Qanungo">{{cite book|last=Qanungo|first=Kalika Ranjan|title=Studies in Rajput History|publisher=[[S. Chand]]|location=[[Delhi]]|year=1960|oclc=1326190|pages=138–140}}</ref>
Originally, the Sanskrit word for lion, variously transliterated as Simha or Singh was used as a title by [[Kshatriya]] warriors in northern parts of India. The earliest recorded examples of the names ending with "Simha" are the names of the two sons of the [[Saka]] ruler [[Rudradaman I|Rudraraman]] in the second century CE. [[Jayasimha (Vatapi Chalukya dynasty)|Jayasimha]], the first ruler of the [[Chalukya dynasty]] to bear the title Simha, ruled around 500 CE. The [[Chalukyas of Vengi|Vengi branch]] of the Chalukyas continued using Simha as the last name till the eleventh century. The Rajputs started using Singh in preference to the classical epithet of "[[Varma (name)|Varman]]". Among the [[Rajput]]s, the use of the word Simha came into vogue among the [[Paramara]]s of Malwa in 10th century CE, among the [[Guhilot]]s and the [[Kachwaha]]s of [[Narwar]] in the 12th century CE, and the [[Rathore]]s of Marwar after the 17th century.<ref name="Qanungo">{{cite book|last=Qanungo|first=Kalika Ranjan|title=Studies in Rajput History|publisher=[[S. Chand]]|location=[[Delhi]]|year=1960|oclc=1326190|pages=138–140}}</ref>


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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext)
'{{short description|Surname originating from the Indian subcontinent}} {{for|a list of people with the surname|List of people with surname Singh}} {{multiple image|perrow=2|total_width=300|caption_align=center | image1 = Rana Sanga.jpg|caption1=Rajput ruler [[Rana Sanga|Rana Sangram Singh]] (1482-1528). | image2 = Guru Gobind Singh creates the Khalsa.jpg|caption2=Creation of the [[Khalsa]] by Sikh Guru [[Gobind Singh]], 1699 CE. | image3 = Pratap Singh of Thanjavur.jpg|caption3=[[Maratha]] ruler [[Pratap Singh of Thanjavur]] (ruled 1739-1763). | image4 = Portrait of mathabar singh thapa.jpg|caption4= [[Prime Minister of Nepal|Prime Minister]] and Commander-in-Chief of Nepal [[Mathabar Singh Thapa]] (1843-1845) of the [[Chhetri]] [[Thapa dynasty]]. | image5 = Maharaja Lakshmeshwar Singh, 1888.jpg|caption5=Maharaja [[Lakshmeshwar Singh]] of [[Raj Darbhanga]] in [[Bihar]], published in Graphic Magazine, December 1888. | image6 = Yogendra Singh Yadav PVC.jpg|caption6=[[Yogendra Singh Yadav]] (born 1980), an Indian soldier awarded [[Param Vir Chakra]] for his bravery in the [[Kargil War]]. }} '''Singh''' ([[Help:IPA|IPA]]: {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɪ|ŋ}}) is a [[title]], [[middle name]], or [[surname]] which originated in the [[Indian subcontinent]]. The word Singh means [[lion]] in [[Sanskrit]]. It has been adopted as a title by some warriors in India,<ref name="concise#">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4XycAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1346 | title=Concise Oxford English Dictionary: Book & CD-ROM Set | publisher=OUP Oxford |author1=Angus Stevenson |author2=Maurice Waite | year=2011 | pages=1346 | isbn=9780199601103}}</ref> and mandated in the 18th century by [[Guru Gobind Singh|Sri Guru Gobind Singh]] Ji for all [[Sikh]]s. It has also been adopted by several castes and communities. As a surname or a middle name, it is now found throughout [[India]] and among the [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|Indian diaspora]], cutting across communities and religious groups, becoming more of a title than a surname.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ | title=Communities, segments, synonyms, surnames and titles | publisher=[[Anthropological Survey of India]] | author=[[Kumar Suresh Singh]] | year=1996 | isbn=9780195633573 |page=32 |quote=Going by the usage, Singh is more a title than a surname, cutting across communities and religious groups. }}</ref> It is one of [[Lists of most common surnames|most common surnames]], and the most common surname [[List of most common surnames in Asia#India|in India]], shared by 36 million people.{{fact|date=May 2019}} == Etymology and variations == The word "Singh" is derived from the [[Sanskrit]]-language word सिंह ([[IAST]]: ''siṃha''), used in the sense "hero" or "eminent person".<ref>{{cite book |editor=Patrick Hanks |title=Dictionary of American Family Names |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vG7MZ9J6dAgC&pg=RA2-PA354 |year=2003 |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA |isbn=978-0-19-508137-4 |page=354 }}</ref> Several variants of the word are found in other languages: * In [[Hindi languages|Hindi]] and [[Nepali language|Nepali]], the name is written सिंह, and pronounced {{IPA-hi|sɪŋɡʱ|IPA}}. * In [[Odia language|Odia]] , the name is written as 'ସିଂ' (Pronounced as sing) or 'ସିଂହ' (Pronounced as Singha or Sinha). * In [[Bengali language|Bengali]], the name is written as সিংহ (''Sing-ho'') which also means lion, however the name is pronounced as ''Shingh''. * In [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] ([[Gurmukhi]] script/[[Shahmukhi]] script), the name is written as ਸਿੰਘ/{{nq|سِنگھ}} and pronounced as ''Singh''. * In [[Urdu]], it is written as {{nq|سِنگھ}} with the same pronunciation. Variations include Simha and Sinha in [[Bihar]].<ref>{{cite book| last=Vanita |first=Ruth | authorlink=Ruth Vanita | title=Gandhi's tiger and Sita's smile: essays on gender, sexuality and culture | publisher=Yoda Press | location=[[New Delhi]]|year=2005|oclc=70008421|isbn=978-81-902272-5-4|page=37}}</ref> * In [[Maithili language|Maithili]], the name is written as सिंह and both Singh and Sinha are used interchangeably. * In [[Marathi language|Marathi]], the name is written and pronounced as सिंह (''Sinha''). * In [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], it is spelled as સિંહ (''Sinh'') and pronounced {{IPA-gu|'sĩɦ|}}.<ref>[[Wiktionary:સિંહ|"સિંહ"]]. ''Wiktionary''. Retrieved 01 May 2020.</ref> Another variant is Sinhji, where the suffix of respect 'ji' is added. * In [[Shina language|Shina]], it is spelled as {{nq|سِنگھ}}. * In [[Chinese language|Chinese]], Shīzi (狮子) means [[lion]]. * In [[Telugu language|Telugu]], the word for lion is simham (సింహం). * In [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], simham (സിംഹം) means [[lion]]. * In [[Meitei language|Meitei]], the name is written and pronounced as Singh or (ꯁꯤꯪꯒ), although many meitei communities are shifting back to the traditional naming system. The Bishnupuri Manipuri people use Sinha (সিনহা) or Singha(সিংহ).{{cn|date=February 2019}} * In [[Tamil language|Tamil]], the name is Singham written as சிங்கம். * In [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]], the name is written {{lang|si|සිංහ}} and pronounced {{transl|si|[[Sinha]]}}. * In [[Burmese language|Burmese]], it is spelled {{lang|my|သီဟ}} (''thiha''), derived from the Pali variant ''siha.'' * In [[Thailand]], ''singha'' is known as ''sing'' (สิงห์), meaning "lion". * In [[Indonesia]] and [[Malaysia]], Singa or Singha, means [[lion]]. * In [[Kannada language|Kannada]] the name is simha and written as ಸಿಂಹ. == History == [[File:Western Satrap Coin of Rudrasimha I .jpg|thumb|300px|Coin of the Western Kshatrapa ruler [[Rudrasimha I]] (178 to 197 CE) who used "Simha" as suffix.]] Originally, the Sanskrit word for lion, variously transliterated as Simha or Singh was used as a title by [[Kshatriya]] warriors in northern parts of India. The earliest recorded examples of the names ending with "Simha" are the names of the two sons of the [[Saka]] ruler [[Rudradaman I|Rudraraman]] in the second century CE. [[Jayasimha (Vatapi Chalukya dynasty)|Jayasimha]], the first ruler of the [[Chalukya dynasty]] to bear the title Simha, ruled around 500 CE. The [[Chalukyas of Vengi|Vengi branch]] of the Chalukyas continued using Simha as the last name till the eleventh century. The Rajputs started using Singh in preference to the classical epithet of "[[Varma (name)|Varman]]". Among the [[Rajput]]s, the use of the word Simha came into vogue among the [[Paramara]]s of Malwa in 10th century CE, among the [[Guhilot]]s and the [[Kachwaha]]s of [[Narwar]] in the 12th century CE, and the [[Rathore]]s of Marwar after the 17th century.<ref name="Qanungo">{{cite book|last=Qanungo|first=Kalika Ranjan|title=Studies in Rajput History|publisher=[[S. Chand]]|location=[[Delhi]]|year=1960|oclc=1326190|pages=138–140}}</ref> By the sixteenth century, "Singh" had become a popular surname among Rajputs.<ref name="Chander2003">{{cite book|author=Prakash Chander|title=India: Past & Present|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4_Rl5c_v1-kC&pg=PA120|accessdate=11 January 2013|date=1 January 2003|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-7648-455-8|pages=120 |quote=In those days, "Singh" as a surname was very popular among a famous warrior caste of north India, the Rajputs. Some of the first Sikhs were also Rajputs.}}</ref> It was adopted by the Sikhs in 1699, as per the instructions of Sri [[Guru Gobind Singh|Guru Gobind Singh Ji]]. Singh is used by all baptized male Sikhs, regardless of their geographical or cultural binding; the women use [[Kaur]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=-QR8tAEACAAJ A History of the Sikh People (1469-1988)] by Dr. Gopal Singh {{ISBN|81-7023-139-6}}{{page needed|date=December 2018}}</ref><ref name=" Catherine B. Asher, Cynthia Talbot">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvaGuaJIJgoC&pg=PA269&dq=jat+surname+singh#v=onepage&q=jat%20surname%20singh&f=false | title=India Before Europe | publisher=Cambridge University Press |author1=Catherine B. Asher |author2=Cynthia Talbot | year=2006 | pages=269 | isbn=9780521809047}}</ref> In the 18th century, several groups started using the title "Singh". These included the Brahmins, the Kayasthas and the Baniyas of what are now Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. In the 19th century, even the Bengal court peons of the lower castes adopted the title "Singh".<ref name="Qanungo"/> [[Bhumihar]]s, who originally used Brahmin surnames, also started affixing Singh to their names.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tOXZAAAAMAAJ |title=Community And Caste In Tradition |year=1992 |author=Virendra Prakash Singh |publisher=Commonwealth |page=113 }}</ref> In [[Bihar]] and [[Jharkhand]], the surname came to associated with power and authority, and was adopted by people of multiple castes, including [[Brahmin]] [[zamindar]]s.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Using-surnames-to-conceal-identity/articleshow/4162892.cms | author = Pranava K Chaudhary | title = Using surnames to conceal identity | publisher = [[The Times of India]] | date = 2009-02-21 | accessdate = 2013-01-18 }}</ref> [[Ahir]] ([[Yadav]]) used 'Singh' as part of their name.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=te4DAAAAMAAJ |title=Bhavan's Journal, Volume 12, Issues 1-16 |year=1965 |page=123 }}</ref> People belonging to several other castes and communities have also used Singh as a title, middle name or a surname; these include non-Sikh Punjabis, [[Gujjars]] (e.g. [[Nirbhay Singh Gujjar]]), [[Maratha (caste)|Marathas]] (e.g. [[Pratap Singh Rao Gaekwad]]) and Hindu [[Jat people|Jat]]s, (e.g. [[Bhim Singh Rana]]), [[Sikh]] [[Jats]],(e.g. [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh]]). The surname 'Singh' is used by many caste groups in [[Bihar]].<ref name="biha">{{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Santosh|title=Ruled or Misruled: Story and Destiny of Bihar|date=2015|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=9789385436420|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SVu8CgAAQBAJ&pg=PT228&dq=singh+surname&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjmxJPO_5bOAhVMPI8KHQNPBXM4ChDoAQgoMAM#v=onepage&q=singh%20surname&f=false|accessdate=28 July 2016|language=en}}</ref> The name is also found among the [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|Indian diaspora]]. For example, taking advantage of the fact that there was no reliable way to ascertain a person's caste, some of the low-caste [[Indian indenture system|Indian indentured labourers]] brought to [[British Guiana]] adopted the surname "Singh", claiming to be high-caste Kshatriyas.<ref>{{cite book |title=The matrifocal family: power, pluralism, and politics|author=Raymond Thomas Smith |publisher=Routledge |year=1996 <!--|ISBN=978-0-415-91214-3 -->|isbn=0-415-91214-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ITRpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA118 |page=118 }}</ref> == Usage == "Singh" is generally used as a surname (e.g. [[Manmohan Singh]] or [[Yuvraj Singh]]) or as a middle name/title (e.g. [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]], [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]]). When used as a middle name, it is generally followed by the caste, clan or family name.<ref>[[Khushwant Singh]], ''A History of the Sikhs, Volume I''</ref> To avoid being identified by their castes or clans, some Sikhs append "[[Khalsa]]" to Singh (e.g. [[Harinder Singh Khalsa]]). Some Sikhs add the names of their native villages instead (e.g. [[Harcharan Singh Longowal]], after [[Longowal]]).<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4bfmnmsBfQ4C&pg=PA1846 | title=People of India: Maharashtra, Part 3 | publisher=Popular Prakashan | author=B. V. Bhanu Contributors Kumar Suresh Singh, B. V. Mehta, Anthropological Survey of India | year=2004 | pages=1846 | isbn=9788179911020}}</ref> Originally, a common practice among the [[Rajput]] men was to have "Singh" as their last name, while [[Rajput]] women had the last name 'Kanwar'. However, now, many Rajput women have Singh in their name (e.g.[[Prashanti Singh]]) as well.<ref>Kolff, Dirk H.A., ''The Rajput of Ancient and Medieval North India: A Warrior-Ascetic''; Folk, Faith and Feudalism, edited by NK Singh and Rajendra Joshi, Institute of Rajasthan Studies, Jaipur, India. Rawat Publications, Jaipur and New Delhi. {{ISBN|81-7033-273-7}}</ref> === Outside South Asia === A section of around a million adherents of Sikhism that live abroad in [[Western countries]] only keep Singh or Kaur as their last name. This has caused legal problems in immigration procedures, especially in [[Canada]]. For a decade, the [[Diplomatic missions of Canada|Canadian High Commission]] in [[New Delhi]] stated in letters to its Sikh clients that "the names Kaur and Singh do not qualify for the purpose of immigration to Canada", requiring people with these surnames to adopt new ones. The ban was denounced by the Sikh community, after which the Citizenship and Immigration Canada announced it was dropping the policy, calling the whole issue a misunderstanding based on a "poorly worded" letter.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/article/240030|title='Singh' ban denounced |work= Toronto Star |author=San Grewal |date=2007-07-26}}</ref> ==See also== * [[List of people with surname Singh]] * ''[[Singh v Canada]]'', a Supreme Court of Canada case on the applicability of Charter rights to refugee claimants * [[Sinha]] == References == {{reflist|35em}} [[Category:Indian family names]] [[Category:Pakistani names]] [[Category:Titles in India]] [[Category:Sikh names]] [[Category:Punjabi-language surnames]]'
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext)
'{{short description|Surname originating from the Indian subcontinent}} {{for|a list of people with the surname|List of people with surname Singh}} {{multiple image|perrow=2|total_width=300|caption_align=center | image1 = Rana Sanga.jpg|caption1=Rajput ruler [[Rana Sanga|Rana Sangram Singh]] (1482-1528). | image2 = Guru Gobind Singh creates the Khalsa.jpg|caption2=Creation of the [[Khalsa]] by Sikh Guru [[Gobind Singh]], 1699 CE. | image3 = Pratap Singh of Thanjavur.jpg|caption3=[[Maratha]] ruler [[Pratap Singh of Thanjavur]] (ruled 1739-1763). | image4 = Portrait of mathabar singh thapa.jpg|caption4= [[Prime Minister of Nepal|Prime Minister]] and Commander-in-Chief of Nepal [[Mathabar Singh Thapa]] (1843-1845) of the [[Chhetri]] [[Thapa dynasty]]. | image5 = Maharaja Lakshmeshwar Singh, 1888.jpg|caption5=Maharaja [[Lakshmeshwar Singh]] of [[Raj Darbhanga]] in [[Bihar]], published in Graphic Magazine, December 1888. | image6 = Yogendra Singh Yadav PVC.jpg|caption6=[[Yogendra Singh Yadav]] (born 1980), an Indian soldier awarded [[Param Vir Chakra]] for his bravery in the [[Kargil War]]. }} '''Singh''' ([[Help:IPA|IPA]]: {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɪ|ŋ}}) is a [[title]], [[middle name]], or [[surname]] which originated in the [[Indian subcontinent]]. The word Singh means [[lion]] in [[Sanskrit]]. It has been adopted as a title by some warriors in India,<ref name="concise#">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4XycAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1346 | title=Concise Oxford English Dictionary: Book & CD-ROM Set | publisher=OUP Oxford |author1=Angus Stevenson |author2=Maurice Waite | year=2011 | pages=1346 | isbn=9780199601103}}</ref> and mandated in the 18th century by [[Guru Gobind Singh|Sri Guru Gobind Singh]] Ji for all [[Sikh]]s. It has also been adopted by several castes and communities. As a surname or a middle name, it is now found throughout [[India]] and among the [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|Indian diaspora]], cutting across communities and religious groups, becoming more of a title than a surname.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ | title=Communities, segments, synonyms, surnames and titles | publisher=[[Anthropological Survey of India]] | author=[[Kumar Suresh Singh]] | year=1996 | isbn=9780195633573 |page=32 |quote=Going by the usage, Singh is more a title than a surname, cutting across communities and religious groups. }}</ref> It is one of [[Lists of most common surnames|most common surnames]], and the most common surname [[List of most common surnames in Asia#India|in India]], shared by 36 million people.{{fact|date=May 2019}} == Etymology and variations == The word "Singh" is derived from the [[Sanskrit]]-language word सिंह ([[IAST]]: ''siṃha''), used in the sense "hero" or "eminent person".<ref>{{cite book |editor=Patrick Hanks |title=Dictionary of American Family Names |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vG7MZ9J6dAgC&pg=RA2-PA354 |year=2003 |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA |isbn=978-0-19-508137-4 |page=354 }}</ref> Several variants of the word are found in other languages: * In [[Hindi languages|Hindi]] and [[Nepali language|Nepali]], the name is written सिंह, and pronounced {{IPA-hi|sɪŋɡʱ|IPA}}. * In [[Odia language|Odia]] , the name is written as 'ସିଂ' (Pronounced as sing) or 'ସିଂହ' (Pronounced as Singha or Sinha). * In [[Bengali language|Bengali]], the name is written as সিংহ (''Sing-ho'') which also means lion, however the name is pronounced as ''Shingh''. * In [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] ([[Gurmukhi]] script/[[Shahmukhi]] script), the name is written as ਸਿੰਘ/{{nq|سِنگھ}} and pronounced as ''Singh''. * In [[Urdu]], it is written as {{nq|سِنگھ}} with the same pronunciation. Variations include Simha and Sinha in [[Bihar]].<ref>{{cite book| last=Vanita |first=Ruth | authorlink=Ruth Vanita | title=Gandhi's tiger and Sita's smile: essays on gender, sexuality and culture | publisher=Yoda Press | location=[[New Delhi]]|year=2005|oclc=70008421|isbn=978-81-902272-5-4|page=37}}</ref> * In [[Maithili language|Maithili]], the name is written as सिंह and both Singh and Sinha are used interchangeably. * In [[Marathi language|Marathi]], the name is written and pronounced as सिंह (''Sinha''). * In [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], it is spelled as સિંહ (''Sinh'') and pronounced {{IPA-gu|'sĩɦ|}}.<ref>[[Wiktionary:સિંહ|"સિંહ"]]. ''Wiktionary''. Retrieved 01 May 2020.</ref> Another variant is Sinhji, where the suffix of respect 'ji' is added. * In [[Shina language|Shina]], it is spelled as {{nq|سِنگھ}}. * In [[Chinese language|Chinese]], Shīzi (狮子) means [[lion]]. * In [[Telugu language|Telugu]], the word for lion is simham (సింహం). * In [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], simham (സിംഹം) means [[lion]]. * In [[Meitei language|Meitei]], the name is written and pronounced as Singh or (ꯁꯤꯪꯒ), although many meitei communities are shifting back to the traditional naming system. The Bishnupuri Manipuri people use Sinha (সিনহা) or Singha(সিংহ).{{cn|date=February 2019}} * In [[Tamil language|Tamil]], the name is Singham written as சிங்கம். * In [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]], the name is written {{lang|si|සිංහ}} and pronounced {{transl|si|[[Sinha]]}}. * In [[Burmese language|Burmese]], it is spelled {{lang|my|သီဟ}} (''thiha''), derived from the Pali variant ''siha.'' * In [[Thailand]], ''singha'' is known as ''sing'' (สิงห์), meaning "lion". * In [[Indonesia]] and [[Malaysia]], Singa or Singha, means [[lion]]. * In [[Kannada language|Kannada]] the name is simha and written as ಸಿಂಹ. == History == [[File:Western Satrap Coin of Rudrasimha I .jpg|thumb|300px|Coin of the Western Kshatrapa ruler [[Rudrasimha I]] (178 to 197 CE) who used "Simha" as suffix. History remains at its own place but according to the various observation in today's India it has been seen that Yadav(ahir) community suppresses the singh community .In a nutshell yadavs are more glorious than singh<br />]] Originally, the Sanskrit word for lion, variously transliterated as Simha or Singh was used as a title by [[Kshatriya]] warriors in northern parts of India. The earliest recorded examples of the names ending with "Simha" are the names of the two sons of the [[Saka]] ruler [[Rudradaman I|Rudraraman]] in the second century CE. [[Jayasimha (Vatapi Chalukya dynasty)|Jayasimha]], the first ruler of the [[Chalukya dynasty]] to bear the title Simha, ruled around 500 CE. The [[Chalukyas of Vengi|Vengi branch]] of the Chalukyas continued using Simha as the last name till the eleventh century. The Rajputs started using Singh in preference to the classical epithet of "[[Varma (name)|Varman]]". Among the [[Rajput]]s, the use of the word Simha came into vogue among the [[Paramara]]s of Malwa in 10th century CE, among the [[Guhilot]]s and the [[Kachwaha]]s of [[Narwar]] in the 12th century CE, and the [[Rathore]]s of Marwar after the 17th century.<ref name="Qanungo">{{cite book|last=Qanungo|first=Kalika Ranjan|title=Studies in Rajput History|publisher=[[S. Chand]]|location=[[Delhi]]|year=1960|oclc=1326190|pages=138–140}}</ref> By the sixteenth century, "Singh" had become a popular surname among Rajputs.<ref name="Chander2003">{{cite book|author=Prakash Chander|title=India: Past & Present|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4_Rl5c_v1-kC&pg=PA120|accessdate=11 January 2013|date=1 January 2003|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-7648-455-8|pages=120 |quote=In those days, "Singh" as a surname was very popular among a famous warrior caste of north India, the Rajputs. Some of the first Sikhs were also Rajputs.}}</ref> It was adopted by the Sikhs in 1699, as per the instructions of Sri [[Guru Gobind Singh|Guru Gobind Singh Ji]]. Singh is used by all baptized male Sikhs, regardless of their geographical or cultural binding; the women use [[Kaur]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=-QR8tAEACAAJ A History of the Sikh People (1469-1988)] by Dr. Gopal Singh {{ISBN|81-7023-139-6}}{{page needed|date=December 2018}}</ref><ref name=" Catherine B. Asher, Cynthia Talbot">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvaGuaJIJgoC&pg=PA269&dq=jat+surname+singh#v=onepage&q=jat%20surname%20singh&f=false | title=India Before Europe | publisher=Cambridge University Press |author1=Catherine B. Asher |author2=Cynthia Talbot | year=2006 | pages=269 | isbn=9780521809047}}</ref> In the 18th century, several groups started using the title "Singh". These included the Brahmins, the Kayasthas and the Baniyas of what are now Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. In the 19th century, even the Bengal court peons of the lower castes adopted the title "Singh".<ref name="Qanungo"/> [[Bhumihar]]s, who originally used Brahmin surnames, also started affixing Singh to their names.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tOXZAAAAMAAJ |title=Community And Caste In Tradition |year=1992 |author=Virendra Prakash Singh |publisher=Commonwealth |page=113 }}</ref> In [[Bihar]] and [[Jharkhand]], the surname came to associated with power and authority, and was adopted by people of multiple castes, including [[Brahmin]] [[zamindar]]s.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Using-surnames-to-conceal-identity/articleshow/4162892.cms | author = Pranava K Chaudhary | title = Using surnames to conceal identity | publisher = [[The Times of India]] | date = 2009-02-21 | accessdate = 2013-01-18 }}</ref> [[Ahir]] ([[Yadav]]) used 'Singh' as part of their name.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=te4DAAAAMAAJ |title=Bhavan's Journal, Volume 12, Issues 1-16 |year=1965 |page=123 }}</ref> People belonging to several other castes and communities have also used Singh as a title, middle name or a surname; these include non-Sikh Punjabis, [[Gujjars]] (e.g. [[Nirbhay Singh Gujjar]]), [[Maratha (caste)|Marathas]] (e.g. [[Pratap Singh Rao Gaekwad]]) and Hindu [[Jat people|Jat]]s, (e.g. [[Bhim Singh Rana]]), [[Sikh]] [[Jats]],(e.g. [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh]]). The surname 'Singh' is used by many caste groups in [[Bihar]].<ref name="biha">{{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Santosh|title=Ruled or Misruled: Story and Destiny of Bihar|date=2015|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=9789385436420|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SVu8CgAAQBAJ&pg=PT228&dq=singh+surname&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjmxJPO_5bOAhVMPI8KHQNPBXM4ChDoAQgoMAM#v=onepage&q=singh%20surname&f=false|accessdate=28 July 2016|language=en}}</ref> The name is also found among the [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|Indian diaspora]]. For example, taking advantage of the fact that there was no reliable way to ascertain a person's caste, some of the low-caste [[Indian indenture system|Indian indentured labourers]] brought to [[British Guiana]] adopted the surname "Singh", claiming to be high-caste Kshatriyas.<ref>{{cite book |title=The matrifocal family: power, pluralism, and politics|author=Raymond Thomas Smith |publisher=Routledge |year=1996 <!--|ISBN=978-0-415-91214-3 -->|isbn=0-415-91214-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ITRpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA118 |page=118 }}</ref> == Usage == "Singh" is generally used as a surname (e.g. [[Manmohan Singh]] or [[Yuvraj Singh]]) or as a middle name/title (e.g. [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]], [[Mahendra Singh Dhoni]]). When used as a middle name, it is generally followed by the caste, clan or family name.<ref>[[Khushwant Singh]], ''A History of the Sikhs, Volume I''</ref> To avoid being identified by their castes or clans, some Sikhs append "[[Khalsa]]" to Singh (e.g. [[Harinder Singh Khalsa]]). Some Sikhs add the names of their native villages instead (e.g. [[Harcharan Singh Longowal]], after [[Longowal]]).<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4bfmnmsBfQ4C&pg=PA1846 | title=People of India: Maharashtra, Part 3 | publisher=Popular Prakashan | author=B. V. Bhanu Contributors Kumar Suresh Singh, B. V. Mehta, Anthropological Survey of India | year=2004 | pages=1846 | isbn=9788179911020}}</ref> Originally, a common practice among the [[Rajput]] men was to have "Singh" as their last name, while [[Rajput]] women had the last name 'Kanwar'. However, now, many Rajput women have Singh in their name (e.g.[[Prashanti Singh]]) as well.<ref>Kolff, Dirk H.A., ''The Rajput of Ancient and Medieval North India: A Warrior-Ascetic''; Folk, Faith and Feudalism, edited by NK Singh and Rajendra Joshi, Institute of Rajasthan Studies, Jaipur, India. Rawat Publications, Jaipur and New Delhi. {{ISBN|81-7033-273-7}}</ref> === Outside South Asia === A section of around a million adherents of Sikhism that live abroad in [[Western countries]] only keep Singh or Kaur as their last name. This has caused legal problems in immigration procedures, especially in [[Canada]]. For a decade, the [[Diplomatic missions of Canada|Canadian High Commission]] in [[New Delhi]] stated in letters to its Sikh clients that "the names Kaur and Singh do not qualify for the purpose of immigration to Canada", requiring people with these surnames to adopt new ones. The ban was denounced by the Sikh community, after which the Citizenship and Immigration Canada announced it was dropping the policy, calling the whole issue a misunderstanding based on a "poorly worded" letter.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/article/240030|title='Singh' ban denounced |work= Toronto Star |author=San Grewal |date=2007-07-26}}</ref> ==See also== * [[List of people with surname Singh]] * ''[[Singh v Canada]]'', a Supreme Court of Canada case on the applicability of Charter rights to refugee claimants * [[Sinha]] == References == {{reflist|35em}} [[Category:Indian family names]] [[Category:Pakistani names]] [[Category:Titles in India]] [[Category:Sikh names]] [[Category:Punjabi-language surnames]]'
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'@@ -38,5 +38,7 @@ == History == -[[File:Western Satrap Coin of Rudrasimha I .jpg|thumb|300px|Coin of the Western Kshatrapa ruler [[Rudrasimha I]] (178 to 197 CE) who used "Simha" as suffix.]] +[[File:Western Satrap Coin of Rudrasimha I .jpg|thumb|300px|Coin of the Western Kshatrapa ruler [[Rudrasimha I]] (178 to 197 CE) who used "Simha" as suffix. + +History remains at its own place but according to the various observation in today's India it has been seen that Yadav(ahir) community suppresses the singh community .In a nutshell yadavs are more glorious than singh<br />]] Originally, the Sanskrit word for lion, variously transliterated as Simha or Singh was used as a title by [[Kshatriya]] warriors in northern parts of India. The earliest recorded examples of the names ending with "Simha" are the names of the two sons of the [[Saka]] ruler [[Rudradaman I|Rudraraman]] in the second century CE. [[Jayasimha (Vatapi Chalukya dynasty)|Jayasimha]], the first ruler of the [[Chalukya dynasty]] to bear the title Simha, ruled around 500 CE. The [[Chalukyas of Vengi|Vengi branch]] of the Chalukyas continued using Simha as the last name till the eleventh century. The Rajputs started using Singh in preference to the classical epithet of "[[Varma (name)|Varman]]". Among the [[Rajput]]s, the use of the word Simha came into vogue among the [[Paramara]]s of Malwa in 10th century CE, among the [[Guhilot]]s and the [[Kachwaha]]s of [[Narwar]] in the 12th century CE, and the [[Rathore]]s of Marwar after the 17th century.<ref name="Qanungo">{{cite book|last=Qanungo|first=Kalika Ranjan|title=Studies in Rajput History|publisher=[[S. Chand]]|location=[[Delhi]]|year=1960|oclc=1326190|pages=138–140}}</ref> '
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'<div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Surname originating from the Indian subcontinent</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a list of people with the surname, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_with_surname_Singh" title="List of people with surname Singh">List of people with surname Singh</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r923042769/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:left;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption-center{text-align:center;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:98px;max-width:98px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:125px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Rana_Sanga.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Rana_Sanga.jpg/96px-Rana_Sanga.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="124" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="389" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Rajput ruler <a href="/wiki/Rana_Sanga" title="Rana Sanga">Rana Sangram Singh</a> (1482-1528).</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:190px;max-width:190px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:125px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Guru_Gobind_Singh_creates_the_Khalsa.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Guru_Gobind_Singh_creates_the_Khalsa.jpg/188px-Guru_Gobind_Singh_creates_the_Khalsa.jpg" decoding="async" width="188" height="125" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Creation of the <a href="/wiki/Khalsa" title="Khalsa">Khalsa</a> by Sikh Guru <a href="/wiki/Gobind_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Gobind Singh">Gobind Singh</a>, 1699 CE.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:111px;max-width:111px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:150px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Pratap_Singh_of_Thanjavur.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pratap_Singh_of_Thanjavur.jpg/109px-Pratap_Singh_of_Thanjavur.jpg" decoding="async" width="109" height="152" data-file-width="205" data-file-height="285" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Maratha" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha">Maratha</a> ruler <a href="/wiki/Pratap_Singh_of_Thanjavur" title="Pratap Singh of Thanjavur">Pratap Singh of Thanjavur</a> (ruled 1739-1763).</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:177px;max-width:177px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:150px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_mathabar_singh_thapa.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Portrait_of_mathabar_singh_thapa.jpg/175px-Portrait_of_mathabar_singh_thapa.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="151" data-file-width="1671" data-file-height="1438" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Nepal" title="Prime Minister of Nepal">Prime Minister</a> and Commander-in-Chief of Nepal <a href="/wiki/Mathabar_Singh_Thapa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathabar Singh Thapa">Mathabar Singh Thapa</a> (1843-1845) of the <a href="/wiki/Chhetri" title="Chhetri">Chhetri</a> <a href="/wiki/Thapa_dynasty" title="Thapa dynasty">Thapa dynasty</a>.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:167px;max-width:167px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:220px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Maharaja_Lakshmeshwar_Singh,_1888.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Maharaja_Lakshmeshwar_Singh%2C_1888.jpg/165px-Maharaja_Lakshmeshwar_Singh%2C_1888.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="220" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Maharaja <a href="/wiki/Lakshmeshwar_Singh" title="Lakshmeshwar Singh">Lakshmeshwar Singh</a> of <a href="/wiki/Raj_Darbhanga" title="Raj Darbhanga">Raj Darbhanga</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a>, published in Graphic Magazine, December 1888.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:121px;max-width:121px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:220px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Yogendra_Singh_Yadav_PVC.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Yogendra_Singh_Yadav_PVC.jpg/119px-Yogendra_Singh_Yadav_PVC.jpg" decoding="async" width="119" height="220" data-file-width="169" data-file-height="313" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Yogendra_Singh_Yadav" title="Yogendra Singh Yadav">Yogendra Singh Yadav</a> (born 1980), an Indian soldier awarded <a href="/wiki/Param_Vir_Chakra" title="Param Vir Chakra">Param Vir Chakra</a> for his bravery in the <a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a>.</div></div></div></div></div> <p><b>Singh</b> (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA</a>: <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="&#39;s&#39; in &#39;sigh&#39;">s</span><span title="/ɪ/: &#39;i&#39; in &#39;kit&#39;">ɪ</span><span title="/ŋ/: &#39;ng&#39; in &#39;sing&#39;">ŋ</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Title" title="Title">title</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middle_name" title="Middle name">middle name</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a> which originated in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>. The word Singh means <a href="/wiki/Lion" title="Lion">lion</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>. It has been adopted as a title by some warriors in India,<sup id="cite_ref-concise#_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-concise#-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup> and mandated in the 18th century by <a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Sri Guru Gobind Singh</a> Ji for all <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikhs</a>. It has also been adopted by several castes and communities. As a surname or a middle name, it is now found throughout <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and among the <a href="/wiki/Non-resident_Indian_and_person_of_Indian_origin" title="Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin">Indian diaspora</a>, cutting across communities and religious groups, becoming more of a title than a surname.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> It is one of <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_most_common_surnames" title="Lists of most common surnames">most common surnames</a>, and the most common surname <a href="/wiki/List_of_most_common_surnames_in_Asia#India" title="List of most common surnames in Asia">in India</a>, shared by 36 million people.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Etymology_and_variations"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology and variations</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Usage"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Usage</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Outside_South_Asia"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Outside South Asia</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Etymology_and_variations">Etymology and variations</span></h2> <p>The word "Singh" is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>-language word सिंह (<a href="/wiki/IAST" class="mw-redirect" title="IAST">IAST</a>: <i>siṃha</i>), used in the sense "hero" or "eminent person".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>Several variants of the word are found in other languages: </p> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Hindi_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi languages">Hindi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a>, the name is written सिंह, and pronounced <small>IPA:&#160;</small><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">[sɪŋɡʱ]</a></span>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a> , the name is written as 'ସିଂ' (Pronounced as sing) or 'ସିଂହ' (Pronounced as Singha or Sinha).</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>, the name is written as সিংহ (<i>Sing-ho</i>) which also means lion, however the name is pronounced as <i>Shingh</i>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a> script/<a href="/wiki/Shahmukhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahmukhi">Shahmukhi</a> script), the name is written as ਸਿੰਘ/<span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: &#39;Jameel Noori Nastaleeq&#39;, &#39;Urdu Typesetting&#39;, &#39;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&#39;, &#39;Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft&#39;, &#39;Hussaini Nastaleeq&#39;, &#39;AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq&#39;, IranNastaliq, &#39;Awami Nastaliq&#39;, &#39;Awami Nastaliq Beta3&#39;, &#39;Awami Nastaliq Beta2&#39;, &#39;Awami Nastaliq Beta1&#39;, &#39;Nafees Nastaleeq&#39;, &#39;Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01&#39;, &#39;Pak Nastaleeq&#39;, &#39;PDMS_Jauhar&#39;, &#39;Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq&#39;; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">سِنگھ</span> and pronounced as <i>Singh</i>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>, it is written as <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: &#39;Jameel Noori Nastaleeq&#39;, &#39;Urdu Typesetting&#39;, &#39;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&#39;, &#39;Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft&#39;, &#39;Hussaini Nastaleeq&#39;, &#39;AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq&#39;, IranNastaliq, &#39;Awami Nastaliq&#39;, &#39;Awami Nastaliq Beta3&#39;, &#39;Awami Nastaliq Beta2&#39;, &#39;Awami Nastaliq Beta1&#39;, &#39;Nafees Nastaleeq&#39;, &#39;Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01&#39;, &#39;Pak Nastaleeq&#39;, &#39;PDMS_Jauhar&#39;, &#39;Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq&#39;; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">سِنگھ</span> with the same pronunciation. Variations include Simha and Sinha in <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Maithili_language" title="Maithili language">Maithili</a>, the name is written as सिंह and both Singh and Sinha are used interchangeably.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a>, the name is written and pronounced as सिंह (<i>Sinha</i>).</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a>, it is spelled as સિંહ (<i>Sinh</i>) and pronounced <small></small><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Gujarati" title="Help:IPA/Gujarati">['sĩɦ]</a></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup> Another variant is Sinhji, where the suffix of respect 'ji' is added.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Shina_language" title="Shina language">Shina</a>, it is spelled as <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: &#39;Jameel Noori Nastaleeq&#39;, &#39;Urdu Typesetting&#39;, &#39;Noto Nastaliq Urdu&#39;, &#39;Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft&#39;, &#39;Hussaini Nastaleeq&#39;, &#39;AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq&#39;, IranNastaliq, &#39;Awami Nastaliq&#39;, &#39;Awami Nastaliq Beta3&#39;, &#39;Awami Nastaliq Beta2&#39;, &#39;Awami Nastaliq Beta1&#39;, &#39;Nafees Nastaleeq&#39;, &#39;Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01&#39;, &#39;Pak Nastaleeq&#39;, &#39;PDMS_Jauhar&#39;, &#39;Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq&#39;; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">سِنگھ</span>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>, Shīzi (狮子) means <a href="/wiki/Lion" title="Lion">lion</a>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a>, the word for lion is simham (సింహం).</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Malayalam_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayalam language">Malayalam</a>, simham (സിംഹം) means <a href="/wiki/Lion" title="Lion">lion</a>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei</a>, the name is written and pronounced as Singh or (ꯁꯤꯪꯒ), although many meitei communities are shifting back to the traditional naming system. The Bishnupuri Manipuri people use Sinha (সিনহা) or Singha(সিংহ).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>, the name is Singham written as சிங்கம்.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Sinhala_language" title="Sinhala language">Sinhala</a>, the name is written <span lang="si" title="Sinhala language text">සිංහ</span> and pronounced <i lang="si-Latn" title="Sinhala-language romanization"><a href="/wiki/Sinha" title="Sinha">Sinha</a></i>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a>, it is spelled <span lang="my" title="Burmese language text">သီဟ</span> (<i>thiha</i>), derived from the Pali variant <i>siha.</i></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, <i>singha</i> is known as <i>sing</i> (สิงห์), meaning "lion".</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, Singa or Singha, means <a href="/wiki/Lion" title="Lion">lion</a>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Kannada_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada language">Kannada</a> the name is simha and written as ಸಿಂಹ.</li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_Satrap_Coin_of_Rudrasimha_I_.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Western_Satrap_Coin_of_Rudrasimha_I_.jpg/300px-Western_Satrap_Coin_of_Rudrasimha_I_.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="141" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="2087" data-file-height="984" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_Satrap_Coin_of_Rudrasimha_I_.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Coin of the Western Kshatrapa ruler <a href="/wiki/Rudrasimha_I" title="Rudrasimha I">Rudrasimha I</a> (178 to 197 CE) who used "Simha" as suffix. History remains at its own place but according to the various observation in today's India it has been seen that Yadav(ahir) community suppresses the singh community .In a nutshell yadavs are more glorious than singh<br /></div></div></div> <p>Originally, the Sanskrit word for lion, variously transliterated as Simha or Singh was used as a title by <a href="/wiki/Kshatriya" title="Kshatriya">Kshatriya</a> warriors in northern parts of India. The earliest recorded examples of the names ending with "Simha" are the names of the two sons of the <a href="/wiki/Saka" title="Saka">Saka</a> ruler <a href="/wiki/Rudradaman_I" title="Rudradaman I">Rudraraman</a> in the second century CE. <a href="/wiki/Jayasimha_(Vatapi_Chalukya_dynasty)" title="Jayasimha (Vatapi Chalukya dynasty)">Jayasimha</a>, the first ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Chalukya_dynasty" title="Chalukya dynasty">Chalukya dynasty</a> to bear the title Simha, ruled around 500 CE. The <a href="/wiki/Chalukyas_of_Vengi" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalukyas of Vengi">Vengi branch</a> of the Chalukyas continued using Simha as the last name till the eleventh century. The Rajputs started using Singh in preference to the classical epithet of "<a href="/wiki/Varma_(name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Varma (name)">Varman</a>". Among the <a href="/wiki/Rajput" title="Rajput">Rajputs</a>, the use of the word Simha came into vogue among the <a href="/wiki/Paramara" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramara">Paramaras</a> of Malwa in 10th century CE, among the <a href="/wiki/Guhilot" class="mw-redirect" title="Guhilot">Guhilots</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kachwaha" title="Kachwaha">Kachwahas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Narwar" title="Narwar">Narwar</a> in the 12th century CE, and the <a href="/wiki/Rathore" title="Rathore">Rathores</a> of Marwar after the 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Qanungo_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qanungo-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>By the sixteenth century, "Singh" had become a popular surname among Rajputs.<sup id="cite_ref-Chander2003_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chander2003-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup> It was adopted by the Sikhs in 1699, as per the instructions of Sri <a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Guru Gobind Singh Ji</a>. Singh is used by all baptized male Sikhs, regardless of their geographical or cultural binding; the women use <a href="/wiki/Kaur" title="Kaur">Kaur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">&#91;8&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Catherine_B._Asher,_Cynthia_Talbot_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Catherine_B._Asher,_Cynthia_Talbot-9">&#91;9&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>In the 18th century, several groups started using the title "Singh". These included the Brahmins, the Kayasthas and the Baniyas of what are now Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. In the 19th century, even the Bengal court peons of the lower castes adopted the title "Singh".<sup id="cite_ref-Qanungo_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qanungo-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bhumihar" title="Bhumihar">Bhumihars</a>, who originally used Brahmin surnames, also started affixing Singh to their names.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">&#91;10&#93;</a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a>, the surname came to associated with power and authority, and was adopted by people of multiple castes, including <a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmin</a> <a href="/wiki/Zamindar" title="Zamindar">zamindars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">&#91;11&#93;</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ahir" title="Ahir">Ahir</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yadav" title="Yadav">Yadav</a>) used 'Singh' as part of their name.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">&#91;12&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>People belonging to several other castes and communities have also used Singh as a title, middle name or a surname; these include non-Sikh Punjabis, <a href="/wiki/Gujjars" class="mw-redirect" title="Gujjars">Gujjars</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Nirbhay_Singh_Gujjar" class="mw-redirect" title="Nirbhay Singh Gujjar">Nirbhay Singh Gujjar</a>), <a href="/wiki/Maratha_(caste)" title="Maratha (caste)">Marathas</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Pratap_Singh_Rao_Gaekwad" title="Pratap Singh Rao Gaekwad">Pratap Singh Rao Gaekwad</a>) and Hindu <a href="/wiki/Jat_people" title="Jat people">Jats</a>, (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Bhim_Singh_Rana" title="Bhim Singh Rana">Bhim Singh Rana</a>), <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a> <a href="/wiki/Jats" class="mw-redirect" title="Jats">Jats</a>,(e.g. <a href="/wiki/Maharaja_Ranjit_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharaja Ranjit Singh">Maharaja Ranjit Singh</a>). The surname 'Singh' is used by many caste groups in <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-biha_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biha-13">&#91;13&#93;</a></sup> The name is also found among the <a href="/wiki/Non-resident_Indian_and_person_of_Indian_origin" title="Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin">Indian diaspora</a>. For example, taking advantage of the fact that there was no reliable way to ascertain a person's caste, some of the low-caste <a href="/wiki/Indian_indenture_system" title="Indian indenture system">Indian indentured labourers</a> brought to <a href="/wiki/British_Guiana" title="British Guiana">British Guiana</a> adopted the surname "Singh", claiming to be high-caste Kshatriyas.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">&#91;14&#93;</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Usage">Usage</span></h2> <p>"Singh" is generally used as a surname (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a> or <a href="/wiki/Yuvraj_Singh" title="Yuvraj Singh">Yuvraj Singh</a>) or as a middle name/title (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Mulayam_Singh_Yadav" title="Mulayam Singh Yadav">Mulayam Singh Yadav</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahendra_Singh_Dhoni" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahendra Singh Dhoni">Mahendra Singh Dhoni</a>). When used as a middle name, it is generally followed by the caste, clan or family name.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">&#91;15&#93;</a></sup> To avoid being identified by their castes or clans, some Sikhs append "<a href="/wiki/Khalsa" title="Khalsa">Khalsa</a>" to Singh (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Harinder_Singh_Khalsa" title="Harinder Singh Khalsa">Harinder Singh Khalsa</a>). Some Sikhs add the names of their native villages instead (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Harcharan_Singh_Longowal" class="mw-redirect" title="Harcharan Singh Longowal">Harcharan Singh Longowal</a>, after <a href="/wiki/Longowal" title="Longowal">Longowal</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">&#91;16&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>Originally, a common practice among the <a href="/wiki/Rajput" title="Rajput">Rajput</a> men was to have "Singh" as their last name, while <a href="/wiki/Rajput" title="Rajput">Rajput</a> women had the last name 'Kanwar'. However, now, many Rajput women have Singh in their name (e.g.<a href="/wiki/Prashanti_Singh" title="Prashanti Singh">Prashanti Singh</a>) as well.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">&#91;17&#93;</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Outside_South_Asia">Outside South Asia</span></h3> <p>A section of around a million adherents of Sikhism that live abroad in <a href="/wiki/Western_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Western countries">Western countries</a> only keep Singh or Kaur as their last name. This has caused legal problems in immigration procedures, especially in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>. For a decade, the <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_missions_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplomatic missions of Canada">Canadian High Commission</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a> stated in letters to its Sikh clients that "the names Kaur and Singh do not qualify for the purpose of immigration to Canada", requiring people with these surnames to adopt new ones. The ban was denounced by the Sikh community, after which the Citizenship and Immigration Canada announced it was dropping the policy, calling the whole issue a misunderstanding based on a "poorly worded" letter.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">&#91;18&#93;</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_with_surname_Singh" title="List of people with surname Singh">List of people with surname Singh</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Singh_v_Canada" title="Singh v Canada">Singh v Canada</a></i>, a Supreme Court of Canada case on the applicability of Charter rights to refugee claimants</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinha" title="Sinha">Sinha</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-width: 35em; column-width: 35em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-concise#-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-concise#_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAngus_StevensonMaurice_Waite2011" class="citation book">Angus Stevenson; Maurice Waite (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4XycAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA1346"><i>Concise Oxford English Dictionary: Book &amp; CD-ROM Set</i></a>. OUP Oxford. p.&#160;1346. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199601103" title="Special:BookSources/9780199601103"><bdi>9780199601103</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Concise+Oxford+English+Dictionary%3A+Book+%26+CD-ROM+Set&amp;rft.pages=1346&amp;rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.isbn=9780199601103&amp;rft.au=Angus+Stevenson&amp;rft.au=Maurice+Waite&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4XycAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA1346&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASingh" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r951705291">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free 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code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKumar_Suresh_Singh1996" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Kumar_Suresh_Singh" title="Kumar Suresh Singh">Kumar Suresh Singh</a> (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ"><i>Communities, segments, synonyms, surnames and titles</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Anthropological_Survey_of_India" title="Anthropological Survey of India">Anthropological Survey of India</a>. p.&#160;32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195633573" title="Special:BookSources/9780195633573"><bdi>9780195633573</bdi></a>. <q>Going by the usage, Singh is more a title than a surname, cutting across communities and religious groups.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Communities%2C+segments%2C+synonyms%2C+surnames+and+titles&amp;rft.pages=32&amp;rft.pub=Anthropological+Survey+of+India&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.isbn=9780195633573&amp;rft.au=Kumar+Suresh+Singh&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbfAMAQAAMAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASingh" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPatrick_Hanks2003" class="citation book">Patrick Hanks, ed. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vG7MZ9J6dAgC&amp;pg=RA2-PA354"><i>Dictionary of American Family Names</i></a>. Oxford University Press, USA. p.&#160;354. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-508137-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-508137-4"><bdi>978-0-19-508137-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+American+Family+Names&amp;rft.pages=354&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+USA&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-508137-4&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvG7MZ9J6dAgC%26pg%3DRA2-PA354&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASingh" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFVanita2005" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Vanita" title="Ruth Vanita">Vanita, Ruth</a> (2005). <i>Gandhi's tiger and Sita's smile: essays on gender, sexuality and culture</i>. <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>: Yoda Press. p.&#160;37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-902272-5-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-902272-5-4"><bdi>978-81-902272-5-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/70008421">70008421</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Gandhi%27s+tiger+and+Sita%27s+smile%3A+essays+on+gender%2C+sexuality+and+culture&amp;rft.place=New+Delhi&amp;rft.pages=37&amp;rft.pub=Yoda+Press&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F70008421&amp;rft.isbn=978-81-902272-5-4&amp;rft.aulast=Vanita&amp;rft.aufirst=Ruth&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASingh" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%B9" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:સિંહ">"સિંહ"</a>. <i>Wiktionary</i>. Retrieved 01 May 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Qanungo-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Qanungo_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Qanungo_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFQanungo1960" class="citation book">Qanungo, Kalika Ranjan (1960). <i>Studies in Rajput History</i>. <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>: <a href="/wiki/S._Chand" class="mw-redirect" title="S. Chand">S. Chand</a>. pp.&#160;138–140. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/1326190">1326190</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Studies+in+Rajput+History&amp;rft.place=Delhi&amp;rft.pages=138-140&amp;rft.pub=S.+Chand&amp;rft.date=1960&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1326190&amp;rft.aulast=Qanungo&amp;rft.aufirst=Kalika+Ranjan&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASingh" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chander2003-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chander2003_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPrakash_Chander2003" class="citation book">Prakash Chander (1 January 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4_Rl5c_v1-kC&amp;pg=PA120"><i>India: Past &amp; Present</i></a>. APH Publishing. p.&#160;120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7648-455-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7648-455-8"><bdi>978-81-7648-455-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2013</span>. <q>In those days, "Singh" as a surname was very popular among a famous warrior caste of north India, the Rajputs. Some of the first Sikhs were also Rajputs.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=India%3A+Past+%26+Present&amp;rft.pages=120&amp;rft.pub=APH+Publishing&amp;rft.date=2003-01-01&amp;rft.isbn=978-81-7648-455-8&amp;rft.au=Prakash+Chander&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4_Rl5c_v1-kC%26pg%3DPA120&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASingh" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-QR8tAEACAAJ">A History of the Sikh People (1469-1988)</a> by Dr. Gopal Singh <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7023-139-6" title="Special:BookSources/81-7023-139-6">81-7023-139-6</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (December 2018)">page&#160;needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Catherine_B._Asher,_Cynthia_Talbot-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Catherine_B._Asher,_Cynthia_Talbot_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCatherine_B._AsherCynthia_Talbot2006" class="citation book">Catherine B. Asher; Cynthia Talbot (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvaGuaJIJgoC&amp;pg=PA269&amp;dq=jat+surname+singh#v=onepage&amp;q=jat%20surname%20singh&amp;f=false"><i>India Before Europe</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p.&#160;269. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521809047" title="Special:BookSources/9780521809047"><bdi>9780521809047</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=India+Before+Europe&amp;rft.pages=269&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=9780521809047&amp;rft.au=Catherine+B.+Asher&amp;rft.au=Cynthia+Talbot&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZvaGuaJIJgoC%26pg%3DPA269%26dq%3Djat%2Bsurname%2Bsingh%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Djat%2520surname%2520singh%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASingh" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFVirendra_Prakash_Singh1992" class="citation book">Virendra Prakash Singh (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tOXZAAAAMAAJ"><i>Community And Caste In Tradition</i></a>. Commonwealth. p.&#160;113.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Community+And+Caste+In+Tradition&amp;rft.pages=113&amp;rft.pub=Commonwealth&amp;rft.date=1992&amp;rft.au=Virendra+Prakash+Singh&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtOXZAAAAMAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASingh" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPranava_K_Chaudhary2009" class="citation news">Pranava K Chaudhary (2009-02-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Using-surnames-to-conceal-identity/articleshow/4162892.cms">"Using surnames to conceal identity"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-01-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Using+surnames+to+conceal+identity&amp;rft.date=2009-02-21&amp;rft.au=Pranava+K+Chaudhary&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fpatna%2FUsing-surnames-to-conceal-identity%2Farticleshow%2F4162892.cms&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASingh" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=te4DAAAAMAAJ"><i>Bhavan's Journal, Volume 12, Issues 1-16</i></a>. 1965. p.&#160;123.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Bhavan%27s+Journal%2C+Volume+12%2C+Issues+1-16&amp;rft.pages=123&amp;rft.date=1965&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dte4DAAAAMAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASingh" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-biha-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-biha_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2015" class="citation book">Singh, Santosh (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SVu8CgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT228&amp;dq=singh+surname&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwjmxJPO_5bOAhVMPI8KHQNPBXM4ChDoAQgoMAM#v=onepage&amp;q=singh%20surname&amp;f=false"><i>Ruled or Misruled: Story and Destiny of Bihar</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789385436420" title="Special:BookSources/9789385436420"><bdi>9789385436420</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Ruled+or+Misruled%3A+Story+and+Destiny+of+Bihar&amp;rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.isbn=9789385436420&amp;rft.aulast=Singh&amp;rft.aufirst=Santosh&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSVu8CgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT228%26dq%3Dsingh%2Bsurname%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwjmxJPO_5bOAhVMPI8KHQNPBXM4ChDoAQgoMAM%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dsingh%2520surname%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASingh" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRaymond_Thomas_Smith1996" class="citation book">Raymond Thomas Smith (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ITRpAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA118"><i>The matrifocal family: power, pluralism, and politics</i></a>. Routledge. p.&#160;118. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-91214-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-91214-8"><bdi>0-415-91214-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+matrifocal+family%3A+power%2C+pluralism%2C+and+politics&amp;rft.pages=118&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.isbn=0-415-91214-8&amp;rft.au=Raymond+Thomas+Smith&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DITRpAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA118&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASingh" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Khushwant_Singh" title="Khushwant Singh">Khushwant Singh</a>, <i>A History of the Sikhs, Volume I</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFB._V._Bhanu_Contributors_Kumar_Suresh_Singh,_B._V._Mehta,_Anthropological_Survey_of_India2004" class="citation book">B. V. Bhanu Contributors Kumar Suresh Singh, B. V. Mehta, Anthropological Survey of India (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4bfmnmsBfQ4C&amp;pg=PA1846"><i>People of India: Maharashtra, Part 3</i></a>. Popular Prakashan. p.&#160;1846. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788179911020" title="Special:BookSources/9788179911020"><bdi>9788179911020</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=People+of+India%3A+Maharashtra%2C+Part+3&amp;rft.pages=1846&amp;rft.pub=Popular+Prakashan&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=9788179911020&amp;rft.au=B.+V.+Bhanu+Contributors+Kumar+Suresh+Singh%2C+B.+V.+Mehta%2C+Anthropological+Survey+of+India&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4bfmnmsBfQ4C%26pg%3DPA1846&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASingh" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kolff, Dirk H.A., <i>The Rajput of Ancient and Medieval North India: A Warrior-Ascetic</i>; Folk, Faith and Feudalism, edited by NK Singh and Rajendra Joshi, Institute of Rajasthan Studies, Jaipur, India. Rawat Publications, Jaipur and New Delhi. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7033-273-7" title="Special:BookSources/81-7033-273-7">81-7033-273-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSan_Grewal2007" class="citation web">San Grewal (2007-07-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/article/240030">"<span class="cs1-kern-left">'</span>Singh' ban denounced"</a>. <i>Toronto Star</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&amp;rft.atitle=%27Singh%27+ban+denounced&amp;rft.date=2007-07-26&amp;rft.au=San+Grewal&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2F240030&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASingh" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span> </li> </ol></div> '
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node)
false
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp)
1590293749