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== Epidemiology ==
== Epidemiology ==
Okay so covid 19 is a virus caused by those fat chinese men
{{COVID-19 pandemic data/Singapore medical cases chart}}{{anchor|COVID chart}}
{{See also|Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore|Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore}}

=== Background ===
=== Background ===
Conclusion, idk lol
On 31 December 2019, health authorities in China reported to the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) a [[Disease cluster|cluster]] of viral pneumonia cases of unknown cause in [[Wuhan]], Hubei,<ref name="AutoDW-69">{{cite web|title=Novel Coronavirus|url=https://www.who.int/westernpacific/emergencies/novel-coronavirus|work=[[World Health Organization]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202151307/https://www.who.int/westernpacific/emergencies/novel-coronavirus|archive-date=2 February 2020|access-date=6 February 2020}}</ref> and an investigation was launched in early January 2020.<ref name="bbc50984025">{{Cite news|date=3 January 2020|title=Mystery pneumonia virus probed in China|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-50984025|url-status=live|access-date=29 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200105051949/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-50984025|archive-date=5 January 2020}}</ref> On 30 January, the WHO declared the outbreak a [[Public Health Emergency of International Concern]] (PHEIC), after mounting evidence that the [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2|novel coronavirus]] had spread to 18 countries and completion of investigation in Wuhan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wuhan virus: WHO declares China virus outbreak an international emergency|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/world/europe/wuhan-virus-who-declares-china-virus-outbreak-an-international-emergency|last=hermesauto|date=31 January 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421070119/https://www.straitstimes.com/world/europe/wuhan-virus-who-declares-china-virus-outbreak-an-international-emergency|archive-date=21 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO declares Wuhan virus a 'global health emergency': What does that mean?|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/wuhan-virus-who-declares-public-health-emergency-what-does-that-mean|last=hermesauto|date=31 January 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515110256/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/wuhan-virus-who-declares-public-health-emergency-what-does-that-mean|archive-date=15 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Cases ===
Throughout the outbreak, cases were traced to clusters that several cases had visited during a particular time period, with venues including religious institutions,<ref name="13FebMOH">{{cite web|title=Eight More Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 Infection|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/eight-more-confirmed-cases-of-covid-19-infection|date=13 February 2020|work=MOH|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213114302/https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/eight-more-confirmed-cases-of-covid-19-infection|archive-date=13 February 2020|access-date=13 February 2020}}</ref> workplaces,<ref>{{cite web|title=New coronavirus cluster at company in Science Park II with 4 staff infected, including 2 new cases announced|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/new-coronavirus-cluster-at-e-learning-company-in-science-park-ii-with-4-staff|last1=Goh|first1=Timothy|last2=Kaur|first2=Karamjit|date=28 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228123937/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/new-coronavirus-cluster-at-e-learning-company-in-science-park-ii-with-4-staff|archive-date=28 February 2020|access-date=28 February 2020}}</ref> construction sites,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Construction at Seletar Aerospace Heights halted since first COVID-19 case reported|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid19-coronavirus-construction-seletar-aerospace-heights-halt-12449426|date=19 February 2020|website=CNA|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421074814/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid19-coronavirus-construction-seletar-aerospace-heights-halt-12449426|archive-date=21 April 2020|access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref> a number of schools,<ref name="SchClusters">{{cite web|title=Singapore reports 73 new COVID-19 cases, new cluster involving PCF Sparkletots centre linked to 18 cases|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/new-covid-19-cases-pcf-sparkletots-fengshan-mar-25-12574708|website=CNA|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325143439/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/new-covid-19-cases-pcf-sparkletots-fengshan-mar-25-12574708|archive-date=25 March 2020|access-date=25 March 2020}}</ref> private events,<ref>{{cite web|title=5 new Covid-19 cases in S'pore: 4 linked to new cluster involving Safra Jurong private dinner|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/5-new-covid-19-cases-in-spore-including-4-linked-to-a-new-cluster-a-private-dinner|last1=Choo|first1=Yun Ting|date=5 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305215650/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/5-new-covid-19-cases-in-spore-including-4-linked-to-a-new-cluster-a-private-dinner|archive-date=5 March 2020|access-date=5 March 2020}}</ref> retail businesses,<ref>{{cite web|title=35 new Covid-19 cases in S'pore, 3 new clusters – a bar in Circular Road, a dormitory in Seletar North Link and a serviced apartment in Wilby Road|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/35-new-covid-19-cases-in-spore-3-new-clusters-a-bar-in-circular-road-a-dormitory-at|last1=Yong|first1=Clement|date=30 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331042048/http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/35-new-covid-19-cases-in-spore-3-new-clusters-a-bar-in-circular-road-a-dormitory-at|archive-date=31 March 2020|access-date=30 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=233 new COVID-19 cases in Singapore, 7 new clusters including MBS restaurant and McDonald's|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/coronavirus-covid-19-moh-cases-clusters-mbs-mcdonalds-12635076|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=20 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418111920/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/coronavirus-covid-19-moh-cases-clusters-mbs-mcdonalds-12635076|archive-date=18 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=7 new Covid-19 clusters in S'pore, including Northpoint City in Yishun; 597 of 618 new cases are workers in dormitories|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/618-new-covid-19-cases-taking-total-to-12693|last1=Yong|first1=Clement|date=25 April 2020|website=The Straits Times|access-date=25 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200425131603/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/618-new-covid-19-cases-taking-total-to-12693|archive-date=25 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> and a hospital.<ref>{{cite web|title=58-year-old S'porean woman dies from coronavirus, the 15th death here; 12 new clusters identified, including IMH|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/528-new-coronavirus-cases-taking-tally-in-singapore-to-16169|last1=Ng|first1=Charmaine|last2=Iau|first2=Jean|date=30 April 2020|website=The Straits Times|access-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430233658/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/528-new-coronavirus-cases-taking-tally-in-singapore-to-16169|archive-date=30 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Imported cases also became a source of infection in March.<ref>{{Cite web|title=23 new cases in Singapore, with 18 of them imported|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/23-new-cases-in-singapore-with-18-of-them-imported|date=23 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323224259/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/23-new-cases-in-singapore-with-18-of-them-imported|archive-date=23 March 2020|access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=42 new coronavirus cases in S'pore including 24 imported; new cluster at Yishun bridal salon|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/42-new-coronavirus-patients-in-singapore-3-cases-form-new-cluster-in-yishun-bridal-salon|last1=Yuen|first1=Sin|date=29 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329130533/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/42-new-coronavirus-patients-in-singapore-3-cases-form-new-cluster-in-yishun-bridal-salon|archive-date=29 March 2020|access-date=29 March 2020}}</ref> From early April to late September, most new cases were at foreign worker dormitories and construction sites,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore facing two separate outbreaks: in the community and in foreign worker dormitories|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/singapore-facing-two-separate-outbreaks-in-the-community-and-in-foreign-worker|date=21 April 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503050513/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/singapore-facing-two-separate-outbreaks-in-the-community-and-in-foreign-worker|archive-date=3 May 2020|access-date=6 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: Cases at dormitories, construction sites and other linked clusters|url=https://infographics.channelnewsasia.com/covid-19/singapore-map.html|website=CNA|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420081859/https://infographics.channelnewsasia.com/covid-19/singapore-map.html?cid=h3_referral_inarticlelinks_24082018_cna|archive-date=20 April 2020|access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref> while imported cases formed the bulk of new cases from early October; as of 7 July 2021, there are a total of 54,527 dormitory residents, 3,270 cases in the community, and 4,855 imported cases.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://covidsitrep.moh.gov.sg/|title=Situation Report [Summary of Confirmed Cases by Status in the Past 14 Days]|publisher=[[Ministry of Health (Singapore)]]}}</ref> 20 April 2020 saw the highest number of daily cases at 1,426,<ref name=":3">{{cite web|title=1,426 new COVID-19 cases in Singapore, mostly foreign workers in dormitories|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-new-cases-1426-foreign-workers-dormitory-citizen-pr-moh-12658250|date=20 April 2020|website=CNA|access-date=20 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420130943/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-new-cases-1426-foreign-workers-dormitory-citizen-pr-moh-12658250|archive-date=20 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> while 12 May saw 20,799 active cases{{snd}}the highest since the outbreak began.<ref>{{Cite web|title=12 May 2020 Daily Report on COVID-19|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/docs/librariesprovider5/local-situation-report/situation-report---12-may-2020.pdf}}</ref> The last date of any patient in ICU was 6 July 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=6 July 2021 Daily Report on COVID-19|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/docs/librariesprovider5/local-situation-report/ceg_20210706_daily_report_on_covid-19.pdf}}</ref> 14 August 2020 was the first time since June that there were no reported community cases,<ref>{{Cite web|title=MOH {{!}} News Highlights|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/83-new-cases-of-covid-19-infection|access-date=14 August 2020|website=www.moh.gov.sg}}</ref> while 1 October 2020 was the first time since April that the daily number of imported cases exceeded that of dormitory cases.<ref>{{cite web|title=Singapore's daily count of imported cases exceeds dormitory infections for the first time in 6 months|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-new-imported-cases-exceed-dormitory-workers-13169536?cid=h3_referral_inarticlelinks_24082018_cna|last=Asokan|first=Ainslee|date=1 October 2020|website=CNA|access-date=2 October 2020}}</ref> 13 October 2020 was the first time in over six months that no dormitory cases were reported,<ref>{{cite web|title=Timeline: No new COVID-19 case in Singapore's dormitories for the first time in more than 6 months|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-cases-singapore-dormitory-zero-six-months-13271976|last=Yong|first=Michael|date=13 October 2020|website=CNA|access-date=13 October 2020}}</ref> with 15 June 2021 being the first time in over eleven months that no imported cases were reported.<ref>{{cite web|title=14 new community COVID-19 cases in Singapore, including 5 unlinked infections|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/moh-covid-19-singapore-new-cases-linked-jun-15-15016746|date=15 June 2021|website=CNA|access-date=15 June 2021}}</ref>

Internationally, the [[Case fatality rate|case fatality ratio]] (CFR) for COVID-19 has been much lower than [[2002–2004 SARS outbreak|SARS in 2003]].<ref name="Imperial13March20202">{{cite web|title=Crunching the numbers for coronavirus|url=https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/196137/crunching-numbers-coronavirus/|website=Imperial News|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319084913/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/196137/crunching-numbers-coronavirus/|archive-date=19 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Gov.ukHCIDDef2">{{cite web|title=High consequence infectious diseases (HCID); Guidance and information about high consequence infectious diseases and their management in England|url=https://www.gov.uk/guidance/high-consequence-infectious-diseases-hcid|website=GOV.UK|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303051938/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/high-consequence-infectious-diseases-hcid|archive-date=3 March 2020|access-date=17 March 2020}}</ref> The [[Transmission (medicine)|transmission]] of the [[SARS-CoV-2]] virus powering the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll.<ref name="WFSA2">{{cite web|title=World Federation Of Societies of Anaesthesiologists – Coronavirus|url=https://www.wfsahq.org/resources/coronavirus|website=wfsahq.org|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312233527/https://www.wfsahq.org/resources/coronavirus|archive-date=12 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Imperial13March20202" /> However, Singapore's death rate has been one of the world's lowest, both in terms of CFR and per capita.<ref name="scmp_3081772">{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus: why so few deaths among Singapore's 14,000 infections?|url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/health-environment/article/3081772/coronavirus-why-so-few-deaths-among-singapores-14000|date=27 April 2020|website=South China Morning Post|language=en|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Aravindan|first=John Geddie, Aradhana|date=18 September 2020|title=Why is Singapore's COVID-19 death rate the world's lowest|language=en|agency=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-singapore-explainer-idUSKBN2680TF|access-date=24 September 2020}}</ref> This may be attributed to the fact that the bulk of the cases are restricted to the migrant workers living in dormitories away from the general population.<ref name="scmp_3081772" /> These migrant workers tend to be younger,<ref name="scmp_3081772" /> with an average age of 30 years and 2 months old when surveyed in 2015, and the healthcare system was never overwhelmed.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vital yet vulnerable: Mental and emotional health of South Asian migrant Workers in Singapore|url=https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3021&context=soss_research|last1=Harrigan|first1=Nicholas|last2=Koh|first2=Chiu Yee|website=ink.library.smu.edu.sg|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=25 June 2020|title=Why Singapore has relatively low Covid-19 death rate|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/why-spore-has-relatively-low-covid-19-death-rate|access-date=25 June 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> The authorities also tested the entire dormitory population for COVID-19 infection, leading to many otherwise asymptomatic infections being picked up.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Covid-19 testing completed for all migrant workers in dormitories, says MOM, agencies|url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/covid-19-testing-completed-all-migrant-workers-dormitories-says-mom-agencies|access-date=4 September 2020|website=Today|location=Singapore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=12 May 2020|title=Controlling the Outbreak, Preparing for the Next Phase|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/controlling-the-outbreak-preparing-for-the-next-phase|access-date=4 September 2020|website=moh.gov.sg|quote=We are still picking up many cases every day across the dormitories... because of our extensive testing regime, covering the workers who are well and asymptomatic.}}</ref> Research by the [[European Commission]] suggests that the CFR for [[SARS-CoV-2]] virus picks up in cases 50 years of age and above.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19 Cases and Case Fatality Rate by age|url=https://ec.europa.eu/knowledge4policy/publication/covid-19-cases-case-fatality-rate-age_en|last=ALVAREZ|first=Marlene|date=4 May 2020|website=Knowledge for policy – European Commission|language=en|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> The elderly in the general population in Singapore have been advised to stay at home as much as possible,<ref name="scmp_3081772" /> while resident-facing staff in old folks homes are being housed on site or separately in hotels.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MOH {{!}} News Highlights|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/support-measures-for-seniors-during-covid-19|website=www.moh.gov.sg|access-date=1 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607235310/https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/support-measures-for-seniors-during-covid-19|archive-date=7 June 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Other factors contributing to Singapore's exceptionally low CFR include the country's use of extensive contact tracing and testing to identify cases, mandatory mask-wearing, hospitalisation of all high-risk patients, and comparatively narrow criteria for classifying COVID-19 deaths.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why is Singapore's COVID-19 death rate the world's lowest |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-singapore-explainer-idUSKBN2680TF |access-date=22 November 2020 |agency=Reuters |date=18 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

Prevalence studies on the population have shown that 4 in 1600 in the community, or about 0.25%, have previously been infected with COVID-19, while at least 47% of migrant workers living in dormitories have tested positive by [[Polymerase chain reaction|PCR]] or serological tests.<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 December 2020|title=Much lower Covid-19 prevalence rate in community than among migrant workers, according to study|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/much-lower-covid-19-prevalence-rate-in-community-than-among-migrant-workers-according-to|access-date=15 December 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=15 December 2020|title=47 per cent of migrant workers in S'pore dorms have had a Covid-19 infection, say Manpower and Health Ministries|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/47-per-cent-of-migrant-workers-in-dorms-have-had-a-covid-19-infection-say-manpower-and|access-date=15 December 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref>

==== Wave 1: Imported cases from China (January 2020) ====
National authorities began reporting suspected cases on 4 January,<ref>{{cite web|title=Wuhan pneumonia: First suspected case reported in Singapore|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/wuhan-pneumonia-first-suspect-case-identified-here|last1=Chang|first1=Ai-Lien|date=4 January 2020|website=The Straits Times|access-date=15 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115062654/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/wuhan-pneumonia-first-suspect-case-identified-here|archive-date=15 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> however the first confirmed case was reported on 23 January, a tourist from Wuhan.<ref name="Abdullah 2020">{{cite web|title=Singapore confirms first case of Wuhan virus|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/wuhan-virus-pneumonia-singapore-confirms-first-case-12312860|last=Abdullah|first=Zhaki|date=23 January 2020|website=CNA|access-date=23 January 2020}}</ref> Until 30 January, there were a total of 13 confirmed cases, all of whom were visitors to Singapore from China.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore confirms 3 new cases of Wuhan virus; total of 10 infected|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/wuhan-virus-singapore-new-confirmed-cases-10-total-12364556|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421182642/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/wuhan-virus-singapore-new-confirmed-cases-10-total-12364556|archive-date=21 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Wuhan virus: 3 more confirmed cases in Singapore, bringing total to 13|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/wuhan-virus-3-more-confirmed-cases-in-singapore-total-number-is-now-13-infected-in-the|last=hermesauto|date=30 January 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314034334/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/wuhan-virus-3-more-confirmed-cases-in-singapore-total-number-is-now-13-infected-in-the|archive-date=14 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The first case involving a Singaporean was confirmed on 31 January after returning from Wuhan.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Goh |first1=Timothy |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/wuhan-virus-first-singaporean-confirmed-to-have-virus-she-was-on-scoot-flight-from |title=Wuhan virus: First Singaporean case confirmed; she was on Scoot flight from Wuhan |website=The Straits Times |access-date=13 May 2020 |date=31 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200427110658/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/wuhan-virus-first-singaporean-confirmed-to-have-virus-she-was-on-scoot-flight-from |archive-date=27 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Contact tracing procedures were put in place to identify close contacts of the confirmed cases who were placed under 14-day quarantines to ring-fence the potential spread of the virus.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wuhan virus: Close contacts to be quarantined as MOH begins contact tracing|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/close-contacts-to-be-quarantined-as-moh-begins-contact-tracing|last=hermes|date=24 January 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502014338/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/close-contacts-to-be-quarantined-as-moh-begins-contact-tracing|archive-date=2 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus: How contact tracers track down the people at risk of infection|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/how-contact-tracers-track-down-the-people-at-risk-of-infection|last=hermes|date=9 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502090414/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/how-contact-tracers-track-down-the-people-at-risk-of-infection|archive-date=2 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== Wave 2: Early local clusters (February to March 2020) ====
These imported cases eventually lead to clusters of local transmissions being formed. The first cluster was reported on 4 February at Yong Thai Hang, a shop that mainly serves Chinese tourists. It was identified as the locus of the infection where four women without recent history of travel to China contracted the virus.<ref name="LocalTransmission">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus: S'pore reports first cases of local transmission; 4 out of 6 new cases did not travel to China|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-spore-reports-first-cases-of-local-transmission-4-out-of-6-new-cases-did-not|last1=Chang|first1=Ai-Lien|last2=Khalik|first2=Salma|date=4 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204101450/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-spore-reports-first-cases-of-local-transmission-4-out-of-6-new-cases-did-not|archive-date=4 February 2020|access-date=4 February 2020}}</ref> The shop was affected when a tour group from [[Guangxi]], China visited it along with other locations such as the Diamond Industries Jewellery Company at Harbour Drive, where another case occurred, while touring Singapore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=FOUR MORE CONFIRMED CASES OF NOVEL CORONAVIRUS INFECTION IN SINGAPORE|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/four-more-confirmed-cases-of-novel-coronavirus-infection-in-singapore|date=5 February 2020|website=moh.gov.sg|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205152031/https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/four-more-confirmed-cases-of-novel-coronavirus-infection-in-singapore|archive-date=5 February 2020|access-date=13 May 2020}}</ref> The tour group had returned to China and the Chinese authorities had confirmed that two of the group was infected.<ref name="LocalTransmission" /> Authorities then raised the nation's Disease Outbreak Response System Condition (DORSCON) level from Yellow to Orange after more cases with unclear origins surfaced on 7 February,<ref>{{cite web|title=Coronavirus: Singapore ups outbreak alert to orange as more cases surface with no known links; more measures in force|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-outbreak-alert-upped-to-orange-as-more-cases-surface-with-no-known-links-more|last1=Chang|first1=Ai-Lien|last2=Khalik|first2=Salma|date=7 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|access-date=4 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Novel coronavirus: S'pore moves to Dorscon Orange, as 3 new cases confirmed with no apparent link to previous trimcases or recent travel to China|url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/wuhan-novel-coronavirus-spore-moves-dorscon-orange-3-new-cases-confirmed-no-apparent-links-previous-cases|website=Today|location=Singapore|access-date=7 February 2020}}</ref> with Prime Minister Lee expressing his worry about some cases with no known chain of transmission of the infection directly from Wuhan or indirectly via cases traced in Singapore. He suggested that it might become "futile to try to trace every contact".<ref>{{cite web|title=PM Lee Hsien Loong on the Novel Coronavirus (nCoV) Situation in Singapore on 8 February 2020|url=https://www.pmo.gov.sg/Newsroom/PM-Lee-Hsien-Loong-on-the-Novel-Coronavirus-nCoV-Situation-in-Singapore-on-8-February-2020|date=8 February 2020|website=Prime Minister's Office (Singapore)|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215030240/https://www.pmo.gov.sg/Newsroom/PM-Lee-Hsien-Loong-on-the-Novel-Coronavirus-nCoV-Situation-in-Singapore-on-8-February-2020|archive-date=15 February 2020|access-date=15 February 2020}}</ref><ref name="Vox_SG_PM_untraced_worry">{{cite news|last1=Belluz|first1=Julia|date=14 February 2020|title=Why the coronavirus outbreak might be much bigger than we know|newspaper=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|url=https://www.vox.com/2020/2/14/21134473/coronavirus-outbreak-singapore-us-symptoms-pandemic|url-status=live <!-- live|dead|unfit|usurped -->|url-access=<!-- (subscription/registration/limited) default=free -->|access-date=14 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214202837/https://www.vox.com/2020/2/14/21134473/coronavirus-outbreak-singapore-us-symptoms-pandemic|archive-date=14 February 2020}}</ref> More clusters emerged at various locations, where there were large scale gatherings such as a business conference, Chinese New Year dinner gatherings and church-related activities.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Two of Singapore's earliest clusters no longer active and are officially closed|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/two-of-singapores-earliest-clusters-no-longer-active-and-are-officially-closed|last=hermes|date=12 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420181135/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/two-of-singapores-earliest-clusters-no-longer-active-and-are-officially-closed|archive-date=20 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Two clusters were linked when several cases in each cluster was found to have infected each other through [[Serology|serological tests]], the first such successful test in the world.<ref name="first-cases">{{cite web|title=Grace Assembly coronavirus mystery solved: Antibody tests linked mega cluster to 2 Wuhan tourists via CNY party and Life Church cluster in a world-first|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/grace-assembly-coronavirus-mystery-solved-mega-cluster-linked-to-2-wuhan-tourists-via-a|last1=Goh|first1=Timothy|last2=Kurohi|first2=Rei|date=25 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225143547/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/grace-assembly-coronavirus-mystery-solved-mega-cluster-linked-to-2-wuhan-tourists-via-a|archive-date=25 February 2020|access-date=25 February 2020}}</ref>

==== Wave 3: Returning Singaporeans and permanent residents from overseas (March 2020) ====
In March, as the number of cases began to rise exponentially around the world, the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Singapore)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] (MFA) and the [[Ministry of Education (Singapore)|Ministry of Education]] (MOE) began to encourage Singaporeans to return home. Various institutes of higher learning recalled their students currently on overseas internship or exchange, and the MFA began liaising with airlines to facilitate flights to key cities when necessary during this period, to cater to demand for return flights to Singapore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Advisory for Singaporean Students Studying Overseas|url=http://www.mfa.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Statements-Transcripts-and-Photos/2020/03/170320_Advisory-for-Singaporean-Students-Studying-Overseas|website=mfa.gov.sg|language=en|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407115932/https://www.mfa.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Statements-Transcripts-and-Photos/2020/03/170320_Advisory-for-Singaporean-Students-Studying-Overseas|archive-date=7 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> This led to an increase in number of imported cases, in which over 70% of cases from 16 to 19 March were Singaporeans and long-term pass holders returning from overseas.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Over 70% of Singapore's new Covid-19 cases the past 4 days were imported – and most were Singapore residents and long-term pass holders, Business Insider – Business Insider Singapore|url=https://www.businessinsider.sg/70-of-singapores-new-covid-19-cases-the-past-3-days-were-imported-and-most-were-singapore-residents-and-long-term-pass-holders|last=Lin|first=Jessica|website=businessinsider.sg|language=en-US|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200425045611/https://www.businessinsider.sg/70-of-singapores-new-covid-19-cases-the-past-3-days-were-imported-and-most-were-singapore-residents-and-long-term-pass-holders|archive-date=25 April 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==== Wave 4: Spread among migrant worker population (April to May 2020) ====
On 7 April [[2020 Singapore circuit breaker measures|circuit breaker]] (lockdown) measures were imposed on the general population. The bulk of cases began to shift from imported cases to migrant workers living in dormitories, resulting in the authorities imposing a mandatory quarantine of 20,000 migrant workers in two dormitories gazetted as isolation areas, namely the S11 Dormitory and Westlite Toh Guan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: Nearly 20,000 foreign workers in quarantine in S11 Dormitory, Westlite Toh Guan|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-nearly-20-000-foreign-workers-in-quarantine-in-s11-12611426|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520023240/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-nearly-20-000-foreign-workers-in-quarantine-in-s11-12611426|archive-date=20 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Following which, the number of cases in migrant worker dormitories began to soar as more clusters were detected in other migrant worker dormitories, reaching a single-daily high of 1,426 cases recorded amongst migrant workers on 20 April.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore's Coronavirus Success Story Hits a Snag|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/21/singapore-coronavirus-response-snag/|last=Bhandare|first=Namita|website=Foreign Policy|language=en-US|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503070628/https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/21/singapore-coronavirus-response-snag/|archive-date=3 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On 21 April, MOM announced that all foreign workers in dormitories were to stop work until 4 May to curb the rising spread of the coronavirus among the groups that were hit the hardest.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus: All foreign workers in dormitories to stop work until 4 May|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-all-foreign-workers-in-dormitories-to-stop-work-until-may-4|last=hermesauto|date=21 April 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421200805/http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-all-foreign-workers-in-dormitories-to-stop-work-until-may-4|archive-date=21 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The number of daily cases amongst migrant workers living in dormitories gradually decreased but continued to remain in the hundreds until early August, with aggressive testing by the authorities.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: 20,000 migrant workers to be discharged by end-May, but cases from dormitories likely to remain high|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-migrant-workers-dormitories-discharged-circuit-breaker-12725016|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522035722/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-migrant-workers-dormitories-discharged-circuit-breaker-12725016|archive-date=22 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> April also marked a shift in policy. The government stopped automatically admitting the infected in hospitals and instead created community care facilities for those who were at low risk, which allowed hospitals to focus only on those in higher risk categories. At the peak on 12 May, there were 19,667 patients in community care facilities. This allowed hospitals to reduce bed take up related to COVID-19 from more than a thousand to several hundred in a few weeks. 18 September saw the first time since the crisis spread to work dormitories that the daily dorm case number fell into single digits.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MOH {{!}} News Highlights|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/11-new-cases-of-covid-19-infection|access-date=18 September 2020|website=www.moh.gov.sg}}</ref>

====Wave 5: Community and Clusters (May 2020 to April 2021)====
From May onwards, the vast majority of cases were reported in dormitories, with community cases never rising above 24 cases, which was reported on 11 July.<ref>{{Cite web|title=11 July 2020 Daily Report on COVID-19|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/docs/librariesprovider5/2019-ncov/situation-report---11-jul-2020.pdf}}</ref> Nevertheless, while numbers in the dorms remained elevated in May, 20 April in fact represented the peak of daily cases reported among dormitory workers. By August, it was clear that the situation in dormitories was being brought under control, with new daily cases among dorm workers finally falling below 100 on 11 August. On 11 August, Ministry of Manpower announced that all dormitories had been declared cleared of COVID-19 (except for those blocks that were being used for quarantine facilities).<ref>{{Cite web|title=All Dormitories Declared Cleared Of COVID-19|url=https://www.mom.gov.sg/newsroom/press-releases/2020/0811-all-dormitories-declared-cleared-of-covid-19|access-date=17 August 2020|website=Ministry of Manpower Singapore|language=en}}</ref> By 1 October less than 300 people were being housed in community care facilities, down from the almost 20,000 from the May peak.<ref>{{Cite web|title=1 October 2020 Daily Report on COVID-19|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/docs/librariesprovider5/2019-ncov/20201001_daily_report_on_covid-19_cabinet112f423068d243c0bed4abc4996042ec.pdf}}</ref> However, it also became clear that controlling the disease was going to be extremely difficult. While total case numbers had continued to decline, unlinked community cases had begun to edge up and some dorms that had been cleared of infection were once again put on lockdown. A significant milestone was achieved on 13 October when it was announced that, for the first time since March, there were no local cases of infection. This was followed shortly by 16 October, when the number of active cases fell to less than 100{{snd}}the first time since 12 March,<ref>{{Cite web|title=MOH {{!}} News Highlights|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/no-new-cases-of-locally-transmitted-covid-19-infection|access-date=13 October 2020|website=www.moh.gov.sg}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=hermesauto|date=16 October 2020|title=Active Covid-19 cases fall below 100 for the first time in Singapore since 12 March|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/fewer-than-100-active-covid-19-cases-in-singapore-for-the-first-time-since-march-12|access-date=17 October 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> and by 25 November, when it was announced that there were no active clusters for the first time since the pandemic began.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Last COVID-19 cluster closes; no active cluster in Singapore for the first time since pandemic began|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/last-covid-19-cluster-closes-singapore-no-active-clusters-13630980|access-date=25 November 2020|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref>

On 24 December, Singapore has confirmed its first case of the new coronavirus variant found in the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 December 2020|title=Singapore confirms first case of new coronavirus variant found in UK|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/singapore-confirms-first-case-new-coronavirus-variant-found-uk-2020-12-24/|access-date=8 May 2021|agency=Reuters}}</ref> The variant, known as B.1.525, has the E484K spike protein mutation, which is also present in the so-called [[South African variant]] and is the key mutation found so far that could undermine the effectiveness of vaccines.

On 31 December 2020, 2 new clusters were formed out of the 5 community cases reported that day, all of whom were linked to the marine sector.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore reports 5 COVID-19 community cases, forming 2 new clusters|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-dec-31-new-cases-imported-local-dormitory-moh-13870108|access-date=6 January 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> Two additional clusters were formed on 17 and 19 January 2021; the first was from 2 community cases linked to a para-vet working with the Singapore Police Force's K-9 unit,<ref>{{Cite web|title=30 new COVID-19 cases in Singapore, including 2 in community, forming new cluster linked to para-vet|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-cases-jan-17-moh-imported-community-dormitory-13979174|access-date=17 January 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> with the second from 2 community cases linked to a worker at Golden Bridge Foods Manufacturing.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Another COVID-19 cluster formed; 4 community cases among 30 new infections in Singapore|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-cases-jan-19-moh-4-community-imported-new-cluster-13991042|access-date=20 January 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> Another cluster consisting of four community cases linked to an employee at BS Industrial & Construction Supply was formed on 20 January.<ref>{{Cite web|title=New COVID-19 cluster formed after 3 cases linked to sales employee at BS Industrial & Construction Supply|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/new-covid-19-cluster-formed-bs-industrial-construction-supply-14002724|access-date=21 January 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> 2 new clusters were identified on 21 and 24 April; the first was a household cluster of 3 community cases linked to a 43-year-old Indian national and work pass holder who was possibly re-infected,<ref>{{Cite web|title=New COVID-19 cluster in Singapore linked to imported case who was 'probably reinfected' in India|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-cluster-reinfected-case-india-recovered-travellers-14659896|access-date=21 April 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> while the second was a group of 4 community cases who were linked to a 39-year-old Indonesian sailor.<ref>{{Cite web|title=5 community cases among 23 new COVID-19 infections in Singapore|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-cases-singapore-community-dormitory-imported-apr-24-moh-14685250|access-date=24 April 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> On 29 April, a new household cluster was formed out of 7 community cases that were linked to a 38-year-old Singaporean ICA officer working at [[Changi Airport]], with another cluster formed out of 8 community cases linked to a 46-year-old Filipino nurse working at [[Tan Tock Seng Hospital]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=16 new community COVID-19 cases in Singapore, highest in more than 9 months|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-cases-imported-community-tan-tock-seng-moh-apr-29-14712050|access-date=29 April 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref>

After banning short term arrivals in March, imported cases fell dramatically. However, since the beginning of July, there was a steady trickle of imported cases as the government loosened arrival requirements, with the majority of cases arriving from India, Indonesia, and the Philippines. January 2021 saw a sharp spike in imported cases, of which foreign domestic workers formed the bulk due to the high demand for maids amidst the pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Demand for new maids high despite extra costs amid COVID-19 restrictions, risk of imported cases|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/demand-for-new-maids-covid-19-costs-travel-restrictions-13904512|access-date=20 January 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref>

==== Wave 6: Control of Variants (April 2021 to present) ====
On 23 April 2021, Singapore banned all long-term pass holders and short-term visitors from India, which was experiencing a second wave believed to be fuelled by [[Lineage B.1.617|a strain with a double mutation]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Asia|first=T. T. G.|title=Singapore further tightens border measures for travellers from India {{!}} TTG Asia|url=https://www.ttgasia.com/2021/04/23/singapore-further-tightens-border-measures-for-travellers-from-india/|access-date=26 April 2021|website=www.ttgasia.com|language=en-US}}</ref> This was followed by a ban on all long-term pass holders and short-term visitors from Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka on 30 April, which was later extended to all long-term pass holders and short-term visitors worldwide on 4 May. In addition, it was announced that Singapore would temporarily revert to Phase 2 from 8 to 30 May.<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 April 2021|title=Updates on Local Situation, Border Measures for Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, Thailand and Precautionary Measures to Minimise Transmission from Tan Tock Seng Hospital Cluster|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/updates-on-local-situation-border-measures-for-bangladesh-nepal-pakistan-and-sri-lanka-thailand-and-precautionary-measures-to-minimise-transmission-from-tan-tock-seng-hospital-cluster|access-date=30 April 2021|website=moh.gov.sg}}</ref> However, by then it was too late to stop the strain from entering Singapore, with the government announcing on 4 May that the variant had been detected among locally-transmitted cases in the community.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ng|first=Abigail|date=4 May 2021|title=Singapore says it has detected the 'double mutant' Covid variant from India in its community, tightens restrictions|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/05/04/double-mutant-covid-variant-from-india-detected-in-singapore.html|access-date=8 May 2021|publisher=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> A new cluster was formed out of 4 community cases linked to an 88-year-old cleaner working at Changi Airport's Terminal 3, who tested positive on 5 May; by 14 May it had become Singapore's largest active cluster at 59 cases, with at least 17 testing preliminarily positive for the "double mutant" variant.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 May 2021|title=Changi Airport and other Covid-19 clusters in S'pore: What we know so far|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/2021/05/singapore-covid19-clusters/index.html|access-date=14 May 2021|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> Subsequently, MOH announced that there would be more restrictions lasting from 16 May to 13 June, following reports of increasing cases in the Changi Airport cluster and several institutes of education. Dining-in would no longer be allowed, and the maximum number of persons in a social gathering would be further reduced to two, among other restrictions.<ref>{{Cite web|last=hermesauto|date=14 May 2021|title=No dining in, social gatherings capped at 2 people from May 16 as S'pore tightens Covid-19 rules|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/no-dining-in-social-gatherings-capped-at-2-people-from-may-16-as-spore-tightens|access-date=14 May 2021|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref>

After a decline in community cases, it was announced that Singapore would re-enter "Phase 3 Heightened Alert", with re-opening to commence in two stages. The first stage would begin on 14 June with the limit on social gatherings increased to 5 people, while the next stage would begin on 21 June with the resumption of dining-in with 5 people.<ref>{{cite web|title=Up to 5 in a group allowed from Jun 14; dining-in to resume on Jun 21 in phased easing of COVID-19 curbs|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/cap-of-5-people-social-gatherings-dining-in-phase-3-covid-19-14985970|website=CNA (Channel NewsAsia)|author=Jalelah Abu Baker|date=10 June 2021|access-date=10 June 2021}}</ref> However, a new cluster was formed at the 115 Bukit Merah View Market and Food Center that was linked to a 74-year old store owner who tested positive on 9 June, which resulted in a fresh surge of community cases. Consequently, the second stage of re-opening was adjusted so that only 2 persons would be allowed for dining-in.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dining-in to resume from Jun 21 but in groups of two, not five|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-dining-in-resume-groups-of-2-people-jun-21-moh-15040520|access-date=2021-06-18|website=CNA}}</ref> With the stabilisation of community infections in early July 2021, it was announced that dining-in with groups of up to 5&mdash;along with wedding receptions&mdash;would resume on 12 July; in addition, MOH raised the possibility of more restrictions being eased upon at least half of the population completing their vaccination regimen.<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 July 2021|title=Updates on Phase 3 (Heightened Alert) Measures|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/updates-on-phase-3-(heightened-alert)-measures-7Jul|access-date=7 July 2021|website=www.moh.gov.sg}}</ref>

In addition, all Singapore primary schools, secondary schools and junior colleges were to move to full home-based learning starting on 19 May.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: Primary, secondary schools and JCs to move to full home-based learning from May 19|url= https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-home-based-learning-primary-secondary-school-jc-14821222 |access-date=16 May 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> MOE later announced on 14 June that Primary 4-6, Secondary 3-5, and junior college and Millennia Institute students would be able to return to school on 28 June, and Secondary 1-2 students on 1 July; all students from other levels would return on 6 July.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lower primary, lower secondary students to continue with home-based learning after June holidays|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-term-3-hbl-p1-to-p3-secondary-school-jc-students-15011504|access-date=2021-06-14|website=CNA}}</ref>

==== Cautious reopening ====
The authorities took cautious measures as the economy began to reopen to more regular outside travellers in August. Travellers who did not quarantine in a dedicated facility would have to wear an electronic tag throughout the 14-day period.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Travellers entering Singapore serving stay-home notice outside of facilities to wear electronic device|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/electronic-device-travellers-enter-singapore-stay-home-notice-12985052|access-date=3 August 2020|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> Singapore also implemented a Reciprocal Green Lane (RGL) and Periodic Commuting Arrangement (PCA) with Malaysia, allowing limited travel between the two countries. Later in the month, arrivals from certain countries had their 14-day quarantine reduced to 7 days; those arriving from Brunei and New Zealand who were tested negative upon arrival would be allowed in without any quarantine.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Singapore to waive off stay-home notices|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-brunei-new-zealand-singapore-travel-stay-home-notice-13042146|access-date=22 August 2020}}</ref> On 30 September 2020, the Singapore government announced that the country will lift border restrictions for some visitors from [[Australia]], excluding [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria state]], and [[Vietnam]], beginning from 8 October 2020;<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: Singapore to lift border restrictions for some visitors from Australia, Vietnam|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-border-restrictions-australia-vietnam-travel-covid-19-13164246|access-date=30 September 2020|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> restrictions for Victoria state and mainland China were lifted on 6 November.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Toh|first=Ting Wei|date=29 October 2020|title=Singapore to allow travellers from China, Australia's Victoria from 6 Nov; no quarantine if Covid-19 test negative|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/singapore-to-allow-travellers-from-china-australias-victoria-from-nov-6-no|access-date=29 October 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> In October, Minister of Transport [[Ong Ye Kung]] suggested that Singapore would be looking to open travel bubbles with various countries such as those with similar risk profiles, but also for those countries from higher risk locations.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lee|first=Yen Nee|date=12 October 2020|title=Here's how Singapore plans to resume international travel safely|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/10/12/singapore-plans-to-resume-international-travel-amid-coronavirus-pandemic.html|access-date=12 October 2020|publisher=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> One such travel bubble between Singapore and Hong Kong was to have started on 22 November, but had to be postponed to 2021 due to the resurgence of [[COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong|COVID-19 cases in Hong Kong]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore, Hong Kong to defer air travel bubble launch|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-singapore-hong-kong-defer-travel-bubble-december-13675222|access-date=1 December 2020|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref>


== Domestic impact ==
== Domestic impact ==

Action parameters

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'{{short description|Ongoing COVID-19 viral pandemic in Singapore}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}} {{EngvarB|date=June 2021}} {{Infobox pandemic | name = COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore | map1 = {{multiple image|border=infobox|perrow=2/2|total_width=300 | image1 = Marina Bay Sands during Circuit Breaker.jpg | alt1 = Marina Bay Sands and ArtScience Museum lit up with messages of hope | image2 = Controlled entry into Compass One, 2020-05-16.jpg | alt2 = Controlled entry into Compass One | image3 = Ntuc super store, Singapore (49505410793).jpg | alt3 = Empty shelves after panic buying at a FairPrice supermarket | image4 = Safe-distancing measure - no social gathering dining together (49753010792).jpg | alt4 = Tables and seats cordoned off with tape | footer_align = center | footer = (clockwise from top){{flatlist| * [[Marina Bay Sands]] and [[ArtScience Museum]] lit up with messages of hope * Controlled entry into [[Compass One]] * Tables and seats cordoned off with tape * Empty shelves after panic buying at a [[NTUC FairPrice|FairPrice]] supermarket }} }} | disease = [[Coronavirus disease 2019|COVID-19]] | virus_strain = [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2|SARS-CoV-2]] | location = [[:Singapore]] | first_case = [[Sentosa]], [[Southern Islands]] | arrival_date = 23 January 2020<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=01|day1=23|year1=2020|month2=|day2=|year2=}}) | origin = [[Wuhan]], Hubei, China | recovery_cases = {{Increase}} 62,313<ref name="worldometer">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Cases: Singapore|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/singapore/|website=worldometers.info}}</ref> | deaths = {{Steady}} 36<ref name="worldometer"/> | confirmed_cases = {{IncreaseNegative}} 62,652<ref name="worldometer"/> | active_cases = {{DecreasePositive}} 291 | suspected_cases = | fatality_rate = {{DecreasePositive}} {{Percentage|36|62652|2}} | total_ili = | website = {{url|https://www.moh.gov.sg/covid-19}} }} The '''COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore''' is part of the [[COVID-19 pandemic|worldwide pandemic]] of [[coronavirus disease 2019]] ({{nowrap|COVID-19}}) caused by [[severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus&nbsp;2]] ({{nowrap|SARS-CoV-2}}). The first case in [[:Singapore]] was confirmed on 23 January 2020. Early cases were primarily imported until local transmission began to develop in February and March. By late-March and April, COVID-19 clusters were detected at multiple sleeping quarters, for which soon contributed to an overwhelming proportion of new cases in the country. On 22 January 2020, a multi-ministerial committee was formed with then-Minister for National Development [[Lawrence Wong]] and then-Minister for Health [[Gan Kim Yong]] as the co-chairs and Prime Minister [[Lee Hsien Loong]] and [[Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore|Deputy Prime Minister]] and Minister for Finance [[Heng Swee Keat]] as advisors. On 23 April 2021, Lee announced the appointment of [[Ong Ye Kung]] as the new [[Ministry of Health (Singapore)|Minister for Health]], and another committee co-chair alongside incumbents Wong and Gan from 15 May 2021.<ref name="ST22Jan">{{cite web|title=Wuhan virus: MOH sets up multi-ministry taskforce, advises against non-essential trips to Wuhan|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/wuhan-virus-3-more-suspected-cases-in-singapore-avoid-non-essential-travel-to-wuhan|last1=Goh|first1=Timothy|date=22 January 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122134325/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/wuhan-virus-3-more-suspected-cases-in-singapore-avoid-non-essential-travel-to-wuhan|archive-date=22 January 2020|access-date=22 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/docs/librariesprovider5/default-document-library/multi-ministry-taskforce-on-wuhan-coronavirus-and-tor---final.pdf |title=Multi-Ministry Taskforce on Wuhan Coronavirus: Terms of Reference (TORs) and Composition |access-date=21 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321054236/https://www.moh.gov.sg/docs/librariesprovider5/default-document-library/multi-ministry-taskforce-on-wuhan-coronavirus-and-tor---final.pdf |archive-date=21 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Singapore also contributed US$500,000 to support the [[World Health Organization]]'s (WHO) efforts against COVID-19.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |title=Singapore contributes US$500,000 to support WHO efforts against COVID-19 |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-contributes-s-500-000-to-support-who-covid-19-efforts-12568566 |date=23 March 2020 |access-date=25 March 2020 |work=CNA |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325020159/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-contributes-s-500-000-to-support-who-covid-19-efforts-12568566 |archive-date=25 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> In response to the growing number of new cases in early 2020, Singapore enacted the "COVID-19 Control Order", announcing on 3 April 2020 a stringent set of preventive measures collectively called the "[[2020 Singapore circuit breaker measures|circuit breaker lockdown]]". Initially planned to be applied from 7 April to 4 May, the circuit breaker lockdown was extended to 1 June on 21 April following continued untraced transmission within the community. The Multi-Ministry Taskforce on 19 May announced the three-phased approach to resume activities safely with the gradual re-opening of economic activities in each phase;<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.gov.sg/article/ending-circuit-breaker-phased-approach-to-resuming-activities-safely |title=Ending circuit breaker: phased approach to resuming activities safely |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=28 May 2020 |website=gov.sg |access-date=14 May 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Phase 1 lasted for 17 days from 2 June and ended on 18 June, with Phase 2 lasting for 6 months and 8 days from 19 June to 27 December. Singapore was in Phase 3 from 28 December 2020 until 7 May 2021;<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/phase-3-covid-19-singapore-reopening-dec-28-pm-lee-13769528 |title=Singapore to start Phase 3 of COVID-19 reopening on Dec 28 |last=Chew |first=Hui Min |date=14 December 2020 |website=CNA |access-date=14 December 2020}}</ref> following a spike in community cases from late April to early May 2021, it temporarily reverted to Phase 2 on 8 May,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/cap-of-5-people-social-gatherings-household-visits-covid-19-moh-14742766 |title=Cap of 5 people for social gatherings, household visits to return as Singapore tightens COVID-19 measures |author=Jalelah Abu Baker |date=4 May 2021 |access-date=14 May 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> which was raised to "Phase 2 Heightened Alert" as a tightened measure from 16 May to 13 June.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 May 2021|title=Updates on Local Situation and Heightened Alert to Minimise Transmission|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/updates-on-local-situation-and-heightened-alert-to-minimise-transmission-14May|access-date=14 May 2021|website=moh.gov.sg}}</ref> Singapore is currently in "Phase 3 Heightened Alert",<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/cap-of-5-people-social-gatherings-dining-in-phase-3-covid-19-14985970 |title=Up to 5 in a group allowed from Jun 14; dining-in may resume on Jun 21 in phased easing of COVID-19 curbs |author=Jalelah Abu Baker |date=10 June 2021 |access-date=2 July 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> with a mass vaccination programme under way following the approval and acquisition of the [[Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine|Pfizer–BioNTech]] and [[Moderna COVID-19 vaccine|Moderna]] [[COVID-19 vaccine]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|date=27 December 2020|title=Government Accepts Recommendations of Expert Committee on COVID-19 Vaccination|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/government-accepts-recommendations-of-expert-committee-on-covid-19-vaccination|access-date=22 January 2021|website=moh.gov.sg}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=3 February 2021|title=Second COVID-19 Pandemic Vaccine Authorised for Use in Singapore|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/second-covid-19-vaccine-authorised-for-use-in-singapore|access-date=3 February 2021|website=moh.gov.sg}}</ref> As of 7 July 2021, 291 active cases remain out of a total of 62,652 confirmed cases, with 62,313 recoveries and 36 deaths.<ref name="worldometer"/> Singapore currently has a [[case fatality rate]] of 0.06%, the second-lowest in the world after [[COVID-19 pandemic in Bhutan|Bhutan]].<ref>https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/data/mortality></ref> It introduced what was considered one of the largest and best-organised epidemic control programs in the world, along with fellow neighbouring countries such as [[COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea|South Korea]] and [[COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam|Vietnam]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Barron |first=Laignee |date=13 March 2020 |title=What We Can Learn From Singapore, Taiwan and Hong Kong About Handling Coronavirus |url=https://time.com/5802293/coronavirus-covid19-singapore-hong-kong-taiwan/ |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=24 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324174105/https://time.com/5802293/coronavirus-covid19-singapore-hong-kong-taiwan/ |archive-date=24 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Geddie |first1=John |last2=Aravindan |first2=Aradhana |date=17 September 2020 |title=Why is Singapore's COVID-19 death rate the world's lowest |work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-singapore-explaine/explainer-why-singapores-covid-19-death-rate-is-the-worlds-lowest-idUSKBN2680TH |access-date=17 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003221123/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-singapore-explaine/explainer-why-singapores-covid-19-death-rate-is-the-worlds-lowest-idUSKBN2680TH |archive-date=3 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Various measures have been taken to mass [[COVID-19 testing|test]] the population for the virus, such as isolating any infected people as well as introducing [[contact tracing]] apps such as [[TraceTogether]] (both app and token) and strictly [[quarantining]] those they had close contact with. Such measures has helped avoid further [[COVID-19 lockdowns|lockdowns]] after the end of the [[2020 Singapore circuit breaker measures|circuit breaker lockdown measures]] in June 2020. == Epidemiology == {{COVID-19 pandemic data/Singapore medical cases chart}}{{anchor|COVID chart}} {{See also|Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore|Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore}} === Background === On 31 December 2019, health authorities in China reported to the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) a [[Disease cluster|cluster]] of viral pneumonia cases of unknown cause in [[Wuhan]], Hubei,<ref name="AutoDW-69">{{cite web|title=Novel Coronavirus|url=https://www.who.int/westernpacific/emergencies/novel-coronavirus|work=[[World Health Organization]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202151307/https://www.who.int/westernpacific/emergencies/novel-coronavirus|archive-date=2 February 2020|access-date=6 February 2020}}</ref> and an investigation was launched in early January 2020.<ref name="bbc50984025">{{Cite news|date=3 January 2020|title=Mystery pneumonia virus probed in China|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-50984025|url-status=live|access-date=29 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200105051949/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-50984025|archive-date=5 January 2020}}</ref> On 30 January, the WHO declared the outbreak a [[Public Health Emergency of International Concern]] (PHEIC), after mounting evidence that the [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2|novel coronavirus]] had spread to 18 countries and completion of investigation in Wuhan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wuhan virus: WHO declares China virus outbreak an international emergency|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/world/europe/wuhan-virus-who-declares-china-virus-outbreak-an-international-emergency|last=hermesauto|date=31 January 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421070119/https://www.straitstimes.com/world/europe/wuhan-virus-who-declares-china-virus-outbreak-an-international-emergency|archive-date=21 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO declares Wuhan virus a 'global health emergency': What does that mean?|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/wuhan-virus-who-declares-public-health-emergency-what-does-that-mean|last=hermesauto|date=31 January 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515110256/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/wuhan-virus-who-declares-public-health-emergency-what-does-that-mean|archive-date=15 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Cases === Throughout the outbreak, cases were traced to clusters that several cases had visited during a particular time period, with venues including religious institutions,<ref name="13FebMOH">{{cite web|title=Eight More Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 Infection|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/eight-more-confirmed-cases-of-covid-19-infection|date=13 February 2020|work=MOH|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213114302/https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/eight-more-confirmed-cases-of-covid-19-infection|archive-date=13 February 2020|access-date=13 February 2020}}</ref> workplaces,<ref>{{cite web|title=New coronavirus cluster at company in Science Park II with 4 staff infected, including 2 new cases announced|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/new-coronavirus-cluster-at-e-learning-company-in-science-park-ii-with-4-staff|last1=Goh|first1=Timothy|last2=Kaur|first2=Karamjit|date=28 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228123937/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/new-coronavirus-cluster-at-e-learning-company-in-science-park-ii-with-4-staff|archive-date=28 February 2020|access-date=28 February 2020}}</ref> construction sites,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Construction at Seletar Aerospace Heights halted since first COVID-19 case reported|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid19-coronavirus-construction-seletar-aerospace-heights-halt-12449426|date=19 February 2020|website=CNA|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421074814/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid19-coronavirus-construction-seletar-aerospace-heights-halt-12449426|archive-date=21 April 2020|access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref> a number of schools,<ref name="SchClusters">{{cite web|title=Singapore reports 73 new COVID-19 cases, new cluster involving PCF Sparkletots centre linked to 18 cases|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/new-covid-19-cases-pcf-sparkletots-fengshan-mar-25-12574708|website=CNA|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325143439/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/new-covid-19-cases-pcf-sparkletots-fengshan-mar-25-12574708|archive-date=25 March 2020|access-date=25 March 2020}}</ref> private events,<ref>{{cite web|title=5 new Covid-19 cases in S'pore: 4 linked to new cluster involving Safra Jurong private dinner|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/5-new-covid-19-cases-in-spore-including-4-linked-to-a-new-cluster-a-private-dinner|last1=Choo|first1=Yun Ting|date=5 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305215650/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/5-new-covid-19-cases-in-spore-including-4-linked-to-a-new-cluster-a-private-dinner|archive-date=5 March 2020|access-date=5 March 2020}}</ref> retail businesses,<ref>{{cite web|title=35 new Covid-19 cases in S'pore, 3 new clusters – a bar in Circular Road, a dormitory in Seletar North Link and a serviced apartment in Wilby Road|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/35-new-covid-19-cases-in-spore-3-new-clusters-a-bar-in-circular-road-a-dormitory-at|last1=Yong|first1=Clement|date=30 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331042048/http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/35-new-covid-19-cases-in-spore-3-new-clusters-a-bar-in-circular-road-a-dormitory-at|archive-date=31 March 2020|access-date=30 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=233 new COVID-19 cases in Singapore, 7 new clusters including MBS restaurant and McDonald's|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/coronavirus-covid-19-moh-cases-clusters-mbs-mcdonalds-12635076|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=20 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418111920/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/coronavirus-covid-19-moh-cases-clusters-mbs-mcdonalds-12635076|archive-date=18 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=7 new Covid-19 clusters in S'pore, including Northpoint City in Yishun; 597 of 618 new cases are workers in dormitories|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/618-new-covid-19-cases-taking-total-to-12693|last1=Yong|first1=Clement|date=25 April 2020|website=The Straits Times|access-date=25 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200425131603/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/618-new-covid-19-cases-taking-total-to-12693|archive-date=25 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> and a hospital.<ref>{{cite web|title=58-year-old S'porean woman dies from coronavirus, the 15th death here; 12 new clusters identified, including IMH|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/528-new-coronavirus-cases-taking-tally-in-singapore-to-16169|last1=Ng|first1=Charmaine|last2=Iau|first2=Jean|date=30 April 2020|website=The Straits Times|access-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430233658/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/528-new-coronavirus-cases-taking-tally-in-singapore-to-16169|archive-date=30 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Imported cases also became a source of infection in March.<ref>{{Cite web|title=23 new cases in Singapore, with 18 of them imported|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/23-new-cases-in-singapore-with-18-of-them-imported|date=23 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323224259/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/23-new-cases-in-singapore-with-18-of-them-imported|archive-date=23 March 2020|access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=42 new coronavirus cases in S'pore including 24 imported; new cluster at Yishun bridal salon|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/42-new-coronavirus-patients-in-singapore-3-cases-form-new-cluster-in-yishun-bridal-salon|last1=Yuen|first1=Sin|date=29 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329130533/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/42-new-coronavirus-patients-in-singapore-3-cases-form-new-cluster-in-yishun-bridal-salon|archive-date=29 March 2020|access-date=29 March 2020}}</ref> From early April to late September, most new cases were at foreign worker dormitories and construction sites,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore facing two separate outbreaks: in the community and in foreign worker dormitories|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/singapore-facing-two-separate-outbreaks-in-the-community-and-in-foreign-worker|date=21 April 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503050513/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/singapore-facing-two-separate-outbreaks-in-the-community-and-in-foreign-worker|archive-date=3 May 2020|access-date=6 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: Cases at dormitories, construction sites and other linked clusters|url=https://infographics.channelnewsasia.com/covid-19/singapore-map.html|website=CNA|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420081859/https://infographics.channelnewsasia.com/covid-19/singapore-map.html?cid=h3_referral_inarticlelinks_24082018_cna|archive-date=20 April 2020|access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref> while imported cases formed the bulk of new cases from early October; as of 7 July 2021, there are a total of 54,527 dormitory residents, 3,270 cases in the community, and 4,855 imported cases.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://covidsitrep.moh.gov.sg/|title=Situation Report [Summary of Confirmed Cases by Status in the Past 14 Days]|publisher=[[Ministry of Health (Singapore)]]}}</ref> 20 April 2020 saw the highest number of daily cases at 1,426,<ref name=":3">{{cite web|title=1,426 new COVID-19 cases in Singapore, mostly foreign workers in dormitories|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-new-cases-1426-foreign-workers-dormitory-citizen-pr-moh-12658250|date=20 April 2020|website=CNA|access-date=20 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420130943/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-new-cases-1426-foreign-workers-dormitory-citizen-pr-moh-12658250|archive-date=20 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> while 12 May saw 20,799 active cases{{snd}}the highest since the outbreak began.<ref>{{Cite web|title=12 May 2020 Daily Report on COVID-19|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/docs/librariesprovider5/local-situation-report/situation-report---12-may-2020.pdf}}</ref> The last date of any patient in ICU was 6 July 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=6 July 2021 Daily Report on COVID-19|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/docs/librariesprovider5/local-situation-report/ceg_20210706_daily_report_on_covid-19.pdf}}</ref> 14 August 2020 was the first time since June that there were no reported community cases,<ref>{{Cite web|title=MOH {{!}} News Highlights|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/83-new-cases-of-covid-19-infection|access-date=14 August 2020|website=www.moh.gov.sg}}</ref> while 1 October 2020 was the first time since April that the daily number of imported cases exceeded that of dormitory cases.<ref>{{cite web|title=Singapore's daily count of imported cases exceeds dormitory infections for the first time in 6 months|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-new-imported-cases-exceed-dormitory-workers-13169536?cid=h3_referral_inarticlelinks_24082018_cna|last=Asokan|first=Ainslee|date=1 October 2020|website=CNA|access-date=2 October 2020}}</ref> 13 October 2020 was the first time in over six months that no dormitory cases were reported,<ref>{{cite web|title=Timeline: No new COVID-19 case in Singapore's dormitories for the first time in more than 6 months|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-cases-singapore-dormitory-zero-six-months-13271976|last=Yong|first=Michael|date=13 October 2020|website=CNA|access-date=13 October 2020}}</ref> with 15 June 2021 being the first time in over eleven months that no imported cases were reported.<ref>{{cite web|title=14 new community COVID-19 cases in Singapore, including 5 unlinked infections|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/moh-covid-19-singapore-new-cases-linked-jun-15-15016746|date=15 June 2021|website=CNA|access-date=15 June 2021}}</ref> Internationally, the [[Case fatality rate|case fatality ratio]] (CFR) for COVID-19 has been much lower than [[2002–2004 SARS outbreak|SARS in 2003]].<ref name="Imperial13March20202">{{cite web|title=Crunching the numbers for coronavirus|url=https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/196137/crunching-numbers-coronavirus/|website=Imperial News|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319084913/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/196137/crunching-numbers-coronavirus/|archive-date=19 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Gov.ukHCIDDef2">{{cite web|title=High consequence infectious diseases (HCID); Guidance and information about high consequence infectious diseases and their management in England|url=https://www.gov.uk/guidance/high-consequence-infectious-diseases-hcid|website=GOV.UK|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303051938/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/high-consequence-infectious-diseases-hcid|archive-date=3 March 2020|access-date=17 March 2020}}</ref> The [[Transmission (medicine)|transmission]] of the [[SARS-CoV-2]] virus powering the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll.<ref name="WFSA2">{{cite web|title=World Federation Of Societies of Anaesthesiologists – Coronavirus|url=https://www.wfsahq.org/resources/coronavirus|website=wfsahq.org|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312233527/https://www.wfsahq.org/resources/coronavirus|archive-date=12 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Imperial13March20202" /> However, Singapore's death rate has been one of the world's lowest, both in terms of CFR and per capita.<ref name="scmp_3081772">{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus: why so few deaths among Singapore's 14,000 infections?|url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/health-environment/article/3081772/coronavirus-why-so-few-deaths-among-singapores-14000|date=27 April 2020|website=South China Morning Post|language=en|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Aravindan|first=John Geddie, Aradhana|date=18 September 2020|title=Why is Singapore's COVID-19 death rate the world's lowest|language=en|agency=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-singapore-explainer-idUSKBN2680TF|access-date=24 September 2020}}</ref> This may be attributed to the fact that the bulk of the cases are restricted to the migrant workers living in dormitories away from the general population.<ref name="scmp_3081772" /> These migrant workers tend to be younger,<ref name="scmp_3081772" /> with an average age of 30 years and 2 months old when surveyed in 2015, and the healthcare system was never overwhelmed.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vital yet vulnerable: Mental and emotional health of South Asian migrant Workers in Singapore|url=https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3021&context=soss_research|last1=Harrigan|first1=Nicholas|last2=Koh|first2=Chiu Yee|website=ink.library.smu.edu.sg|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=25 June 2020|title=Why Singapore has relatively low Covid-19 death rate|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/why-spore-has-relatively-low-covid-19-death-rate|access-date=25 June 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> The authorities also tested the entire dormitory population for COVID-19 infection, leading to many otherwise asymptomatic infections being picked up.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Covid-19 testing completed for all migrant workers in dormitories, says MOM, agencies|url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/covid-19-testing-completed-all-migrant-workers-dormitories-says-mom-agencies|access-date=4 September 2020|website=Today|location=Singapore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=12 May 2020|title=Controlling the Outbreak, Preparing for the Next Phase|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/controlling-the-outbreak-preparing-for-the-next-phase|access-date=4 September 2020|website=moh.gov.sg|quote=We are still picking up many cases every day across the dormitories... because of our extensive testing regime, covering the workers who are well and asymptomatic.}}</ref> Research by the [[European Commission]] suggests that the CFR for [[SARS-CoV-2]] virus picks up in cases 50 years of age and above.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19 Cases and Case Fatality Rate by age|url=https://ec.europa.eu/knowledge4policy/publication/covid-19-cases-case-fatality-rate-age_en|last=ALVAREZ|first=Marlene|date=4 May 2020|website=Knowledge for policy – European Commission|language=en|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> The elderly in the general population in Singapore have been advised to stay at home as much as possible,<ref name="scmp_3081772" /> while resident-facing staff in old folks homes are being housed on site or separately in hotels.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MOH {{!}} News Highlights|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/support-measures-for-seniors-during-covid-19|website=www.moh.gov.sg|access-date=1 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607235310/https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/support-measures-for-seniors-during-covid-19|archive-date=7 June 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> Other factors contributing to Singapore's exceptionally low CFR include the country's use of extensive contact tracing and testing to identify cases, mandatory mask-wearing, hospitalisation of all high-risk patients, and comparatively narrow criteria for classifying COVID-19 deaths.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why is Singapore's COVID-19 death rate the world's lowest |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-singapore-explainer-idUSKBN2680TF |access-date=22 November 2020 |agency=Reuters |date=18 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Prevalence studies on the population have shown that 4 in 1600 in the community, or about 0.25%, have previously been infected with COVID-19, while at least 47% of migrant workers living in dormitories have tested positive by [[Polymerase chain reaction|PCR]] or serological tests.<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 December 2020|title=Much lower Covid-19 prevalence rate in community than among migrant workers, according to study|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/much-lower-covid-19-prevalence-rate-in-community-than-among-migrant-workers-according-to|access-date=15 December 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=15 December 2020|title=47 per cent of migrant workers in S'pore dorms have had a Covid-19 infection, say Manpower and Health Ministries|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/47-per-cent-of-migrant-workers-in-dorms-have-had-a-covid-19-infection-say-manpower-and|access-date=15 December 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> ==== Wave 1: Imported cases from China (January 2020) ==== National authorities began reporting suspected cases on 4 January,<ref>{{cite web|title=Wuhan pneumonia: First suspected case reported in Singapore|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/wuhan-pneumonia-first-suspect-case-identified-here|last1=Chang|first1=Ai-Lien|date=4 January 2020|website=The Straits Times|access-date=15 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115062654/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/wuhan-pneumonia-first-suspect-case-identified-here|archive-date=15 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> however the first confirmed case was reported on 23 January, a tourist from Wuhan.<ref name="Abdullah 2020">{{cite web|title=Singapore confirms first case of Wuhan virus|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/wuhan-virus-pneumonia-singapore-confirms-first-case-12312860|last=Abdullah|first=Zhaki|date=23 January 2020|website=CNA|access-date=23 January 2020}}</ref> Until 30 January, there were a total of 13 confirmed cases, all of whom were visitors to Singapore from China.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore confirms 3 new cases of Wuhan virus; total of 10 infected|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/wuhan-virus-singapore-new-confirmed-cases-10-total-12364556|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421182642/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/wuhan-virus-singapore-new-confirmed-cases-10-total-12364556|archive-date=21 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Wuhan virus: 3 more confirmed cases in Singapore, bringing total to 13|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/wuhan-virus-3-more-confirmed-cases-in-singapore-total-number-is-now-13-infected-in-the|last=hermesauto|date=30 January 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314034334/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/wuhan-virus-3-more-confirmed-cases-in-singapore-total-number-is-now-13-infected-in-the|archive-date=14 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The first case involving a Singaporean was confirmed on 31 January after returning from Wuhan.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Goh |first1=Timothy |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/wuhan-virus-first-singaporean-confirmed-to-have-virus-she-was-on-scoot-flight-from |title=Wuhan virus: First Singaporean case confirmed; she was on Scoot flight from Wuhan |website=The Straits Times |access-date=13 May 2020 |date=31 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200427110658/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/wuhan-virus-first-singaporean-confirmed-to-have-virus-she-was-on-scoot-flight-from |archive-date=27 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Contact tracing procedures were put in place to identify close contacts of the confirmed cases who were placed under 14-day quarantines to ring-fence the potential spread of the virus.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wuhan virus: Close contacts to be quarantined as MOH begins contact tracing|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/close-contacts-to-be-quarantined-as-moh-begins-contact-tracing|last=hermes|date=24 January 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502014338/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/close-contacts-to-be-quarantined-as-moh-begins-contact-tracing|archive-date=2 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus: How contact tracers track down the people at risk of infection|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/how-contact-tracers-track-down-the-people-at-risk-of-infection|last=hermes|date=9 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502090414/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/how-contact-tracers-track-down-the-people-at-risk-of-infection|archive-date=2 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Wave 2: Early local clusters (February to March 2020) ==== These imported cases eventually lead to clusters of local transmissions being formed. The first cluster was reported on 4 February at Yong Thai Hang, a shop that mainly serves Chinese tourists. It was identified as the locus of the infection where four women without recent history of travel to China contracted the virus.<ref name="LocalTransmission">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus: S'pore reports first cases of local transmission; 4 out of 6 new cases did not travel to China|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-spore-reports-first-cases-of-local-transmission-4-out-of-6-new-cases-did-not|last1=Chang|first1=Ai-Lien|last2=Khalik|first2=Salma|date=4 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204101450/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-spore-reports-first-cases-of-local-transmission-4-out-of-6-new-cases-did-not|archive-date=4 February 2020|access-date=4 February 2020}}</ref> The shop was affected when a tour group from [[Guangxi]], China visited it along with other locations such as the Diamond Industries Jewellery Company at Harbour Drive, where another case occurred, while touring Singapore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=FOUR MORE CONFIRMED CASES OF NOVEL CORONAVIRUS INFECTION IN SINGAPORE|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/four-more-confirmed-cases-of-novel-coronavirus-infection-in-singapore|date=5 February 2020|website=moh.gov.sg|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205152031/https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/four-more-confirmed-cases-of-novel-coronavirus-infection-in-singapore|archive-date=5 February 2020|access-date=13 May 2020}}</ref> The tour group had returned to China and the Chinese authorities had confirmed that two of the group was infected.<ref name="LocalTransmission" /> Authorities then raised the nation's Disease Outbreak Response System Condition (DORSCON) level from Yellow to Orange after more cases with unclear origins surfaced on 7 February,<ref>{{cite web|title=Coronavirus: Singapore ups outbreak alert to orange as more cases surface with no known links; more measures in force|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-outbreak-alert-upped-to-orange-as-more-cases-surface-with-no-known-links-more|last1=Chang|first1=Ai-Lien|last2=Khalik|first2=Salma|date=7 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|access-date=4 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Novel coronavirus: S'pore moves to Dorscon Orange, as 3 new cases confirmed with no apparent link to previous trimcases or recent travel to China|url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/wuhan-novel-coronavirus-spore-moves-dorscon-orange-3-new-cases-confirmed-no-apparent-links-previous-cases|website=Today|location=Singapore|access-date=7 February 2020}}</ref> with Prime Minister Lee expressing his worry about some cases with no known chain of transmission of the infection directly from Wuhan or indirectly via cases traced in Singapore. He suggested that it might become "futile to try to trace every contact".<ref>{{cite web|title=PM Lee Hsien Loong on the Novel Coronavirus (nCoV) Situation in Singapore on 8 February 2020|url=https://www.pmo.gov.sg/Newsroom/PM-Lee-Hsien-Loong-on-the-Novel-Coronavirus-nCoV-Situation-in-Singapore-on-8-February-2020|date=8 February 2020|website=Prime Minister's Office (Singapore)|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215030240/https://www.pmo.gov.sg/Newsroom/PM-Lee-Hsien-Loong-on-the-Novel-Coronavirus-nCoV-Situation-in-Singapore-on-8-February-2020|archive-date=15 February 2020|access-date=15 February 2020}}</ref><ref name="Vox_SG_PM_untraced_worry">{{cite news|last1=Belluz|first1=Julia|date=14 February 2020|title=Why the coronavirus outbreak might be much bigger than we know|newspaper=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|url=https://www.vox.com/2020/2/14/21134473/coronavirus-outbreak-singapore-us-symptoms-pandemic|url-status=live <!-- live|dead|unfit|usurped -->|url-access=<!-- (subscription/registration/limited) default=free -->|access-date=14 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214202837/https://www.vox.com/2020/2/14/21134473/coronavirus-outbreak-singapore-us-symptoms-pandemic|archive-date=14 February 2020}}</ref> More clusters emerged at various locations, where there were large scale gatherings such as a business conference, Chinese New Year dinner gatherings and church-related activities.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Two of Singapore's earliest clusters no longer active and are officially closed|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/two-of-singapores-earliest-clusters-no-longer-active-and-are-officially-closed|last=hermes|date=12 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420181135/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/two-of-singapores-earliest-clusters-no-longer-active-and-are-officially-closed|archive-date=20 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Two clusters were linked when several cases in each cluster was found to have infected each other through [[Serology|serological tests]], the first such successful test in the world.<ref name="first-cases">{{cite web|title=Grace Assembly coronavirus mystery solved: Antibody tests linked mega cluster to 2 Wuhan tourists via CNY party and Life Church cluster in a world-first|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/grace-assembly-coronavirus-mystery-solved-mega-cluster-linked-to-2-wuhan-tourists-via-a|last1=Goh|first1=Timothy|last2=Kurohi|first2=Rei|date=25 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225143547/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/grace-assembly-coronavirus-mystery-solved-mega-cluster-linked-to-2-wuhan-tourists-via-a|archive-date=25 February 2020|access-date=25 February 2020}}</ref> ==== Wave 3: Returning Singaporeans and permanent residents from overseas (March 2020) ==== In March, as the number of cases began to rise exponentially around the world, the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Singapore)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] (MFA) and the [[Ministry of Education (Singapore)|Ministry of Education]] (MOE) began to encourage Singaporeans to return home. Various institutes of higher learning recalled their students currently on overseas internship or exchange, and the MFA began liaising with airlines to facilitate flights to key cities when necessary during this period, to cater to demand for return flights to Singapore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Advisory for Singaporean Students Studying Overseas|url=http://www.mfa.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Statements-Transcripts-and-Photos/2020/03/170320_Advisory-for-Singaporean-Students-Studying-Overseas|website=mfa.gov.sg|language=en|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407115932/https://www.mfa.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Statements-Transcripts-and-Photos/2020/03/170320_Advisory-for-Singaporean-Students-Studying-Overseas|archive-date=7 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> This led to an increase in number of imported cases, in which over 70% of cases from 16 to 19 March were Singaporeans and long-term pass holders returning from overseas.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Over 70% of Singapore's new Covid-19 cases the past 4 days were imported – and most were Singapore residents and long-term pass holders, Business Insider – Business Insider Singapore|url=https://www.businessinsider.sg/70-of-singapores-new-covid-19-cases-the-past-3-days-were-imported-and-most-were-singapore-residents-and-long-term-pass-holders|last=Lin|first=Jessica|website=businessinsider.sg|language=en-US|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200425045611/https://www.businessinsider.sg/70-of-singapores-new-covid-19-cases-the-past-3-days-were-imported-and-most-were-singapore-residents-and-long-term-pass-holders|archive-date=25 April 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==== Wave 4: Spread among migrant worker population (April to May 2020) ==== On 7 April [[2020 Singapore circuit breaker measures|circuit breaker]] (lockdown) measures were imposed on the general population. The bulk of cases began to shift from imported cases to migrant workers living in dormitories, resulting in the authorities imposing a mandatory quarantine of 20,000 migrant workers in two dormitories gazetted as isolation areas, namely the S11 Dormitory and Westlite Toh Guan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: Nearly 20,000 foreign workers in quarantine in S11 Dormitory, Westlite Toh Guan|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-nearly-20-000-foreign-workers-in-quarantine-in-s11-12611426|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520023240/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-nearly-20-000-foreign-workers-in-quarantine-in-s11-12611426|archive-date=20 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Following which, the number of cases in migrant worker dormitories began to soar as more clusters were detected in other migrant worker dormitories, reaching a single-daily high of 1,426 cases recorded amongst migrant workers on 20 April.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore's Coronavirus Success Story Hits a Snag|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/21/singapore-coronavirus-response-snag/|last=Bhandare|first=Namita|website=Foreign Policy|language=en-US|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503070628/https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/21/singapore-coronavirus-response-snag/|archive-date=3 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On 21 April, MOM announced that all foreign workers in dormitories were to stop work until 4 May to curb the rising spread of the coronavirus among the groups that were hit the hardest.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus: All foreign workers in dormitories to stop work until 4 May|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-all-foreign-workers-in-dormitories-to-stop-work-until-may-4|last=hermesauto|date=21 April 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421200805/http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-all-foreign-workers-in-dormitories-to-stop-work-until-may-4|archive-date=21 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The number of daily cases amongst migrant workers living in dormitories gradually decreased but continued to remain in the hundreds until early August, with aggressive testing by the authorities.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: 20,000 migrant workers to be discharged by end-May, but cases from dormitories likely to remain high|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-migrant-workers-dormitories-discharged-circuit-breaker-12725016|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522035722/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-migrant-workers-dormitories-discharged-circuit-breaker-12725016|archive-date=22 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> April also marked a shift in policy. The government stopped automatically admitting the infected in hospitals and instead created community care facilities for those who were at low risk, which allowed hospitals to focus only on those in higher risk categories. At the peak on 12 May, there were 19,667 patients in community care facilities. This allowed hospitals to reduce bed take up related to COVID-19 from more than a thousand to several hundred in a few weeks. 18 September saw the first time since the crisis spread to work dormitories that the daily dorm case number fell into single digits.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MOH {{!}} News Highlights|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/11-new-cases-of-covid-19-infection|access-date=18 September 2020|website=www.moh.gov.sg}}</ref> ====Wave 5: Community and Clusters (May 2020 to April 2021)==== From May onwards, the vast majority of cases were reported in dormitories, with community cases never rising above 24 cases, which was reported on 11 July.<ref>{{Cite web|title=11 July 2020 Daily Report on COVID-19|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/docs/librariesprovider5/2019-ncov/situation-report---11-jul-2020.pdf}}</ref> Nevertheless, while numbers in the dorms remained elevated in May, 20 April in fact represented the peak of daily cases reported among dormitory workers. By August, it was clear that the situation in dormitories was being brought under control, with new daily cases among dorm workers finally falling below 100 on 11 August. On 11 August, Ministry of Manpower announced that all dormitories had been declared cleared of COVID-19 (except for those blocks that were being used for quarantine facilities).<ref>{{Cite web|title=All Dormitories Declared Cleared Of COVID-19|url=https://www.mom.gov.sg/newsroom/press-releases/2020/0811-all-dormitories-declared-cleared-of-covid-19|access-date=17 August 2020|website=Ministry of Manpower Singapore|language=en}}</ref> By 1 October less than 300 people were being housed in community care facilities, down from the almost 20,000 from the May peak.<ref>{{Cite web|title=1 October 2020 Daily Report on COVID-19|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/docs/librariesprovider5/2019-ncov/20201001_daily_report_on_covid-19_cabinet112f423068d243c0bed4abc4996042ec.pdf}}</ref> However, it also became clear that controlling the disease was going to be extremely difficult. While total case numbers had continued to decline, unlinked community cases had begun to edge up and some dorms that had been cleared of infection were once again put on lockdown. A significant milestone was achieved on 13 October when it was announced that, for the first time since March, there were no local cases of infection. This was followed shortly by 16 October, when the number of active cases fell to less than 100{{snd}}the first time since 12 March,<ref>{{Cite web|title=MOH {{!}} News Highlights|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/no-new-cases-of-locally-transmitted-covid-19-infection|access-date=13 October 2020|website=www.moh.gov.sg}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=hermesauto|date=16 October 2020|title=Active Covid-19 cases fall below 100 for the first time in Singapore since 12 March|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/fewer-than-100-active-covid-19-cases-in-singapore-for-the-first-time-since-march-12|access-date=17 October 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> and by 25 November, when it was announced that there were no active clusters for the first time since the pandemic began.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Last COVID-19 cluster closes; no active cluster in Singapore for the first time since pandemic began|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/last-covid-19-cluster-closes-singapore-no-active-clusters-13630980|access-date=25 November 2020|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> On 24 December, Singapore has confirmed its first case of the new coronavirus variant found in the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 December 2020|title=Singapore confirms first case of new coronavirus variant found in UK|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/singapore-confirms-first-case-new-coronavirus-variant-found-uk-2020-12-24/|access-date=8 May 2021|agency=Reuters}}</ref> The variant, known as B.1.525, has the E484K spike protein mutation, which is also present in the so-called [[South African variant]] and is the key mutation found so far that could undermine the effectiveness of vaccines. On 31 December 2020, 2 new clusters were formed out of the 5 community cases reported that day, all of whom were linked to the marine sector.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore reports 5 COVID-19 community cases, forming 2 new clusters|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-dec-31-new-cases-imported-local-dormitory-moh-13870108|access-date=6 January 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> Two additional clusters were formed on 17 and 19 January 2021; the first was from 2 community cases linked to a para-vet working with the Singapore Police Force's K-9 unit,<ref>{{Cite web|title=30 new COVID-19 cases in Singapore, including 2 in community, forming new cluster linked to para-vet|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-cases-jan-17-moh-imported-community-dormitory-13979174|access-date=17 January 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> with the second from 2 community cases linked to a worker at Golden Bridge Foods Manufacturing.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Another COVID-19 cluster formed; 4 community cases among 30 new infections in Singapore|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-cases-jan-19-moh-4-community-imported-new-cluster-13991042|access-date=20 January 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> Another cluster consisting of four community cases linked to an employee at BS Industrial & Construction Supply was formed on 20 January.<ref>{{Cite web|title=New COVID-19 cluster formed after 3 cases linked to sales employee at BS Industrial & Construction Supply|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/new-covid-19-cluster-formed-bs-industrial-construction-supply-14002724|access-date=21 January 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> 2 new clusters were identified on 21 and 24 April; the first was a household cluster of 3 community cases linked to a 43-year-old Indian national and work pass holder who was possibly re-infected,<ref>{{Cite web|title=New COVID-19 cluster in Singapore linked to imported case who was 'probably reinfected' in India|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-cluster-reinfected-case-india-recovered-travellers-14659896|access-date=21 April 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> while the second was a group of 4 community cases who were linked to a 39-year-old Indonesian sailor.<ref>{{Cite web|title=5 community cases among 23 new COVID-19 infections in Singapore|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-cases-singapore-community-dormitory-imported-apr-24-moh-14685250|access-date=24 April 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> On 29 April, a new household cluster was formed out of 7 community cases that were linked to a 38-year-old Singaporean ICA officer working at [[Changi Airport]], with another cluster formed out of 8 community cases linked to a 46-year-old Filipino nurse working at [[Tan Tock Seng Hospital]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=16 new community COVID-19 cases in Singapore, highest in more than 9 months|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-cases-imported-community-tan-tock-seng-moh-apr-29-14712050|access-date=29 April 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> After banning short term arrivals in March, imported cases fell dramatically. However, since the beginning of July, there was a steady trickle of imported cases as the government loosened arrival requirements, with the majority of cases arriving from India, Indonesia, and the Philippines. January 2021 saw a sharp spike in imported cases, of which foreign domestic workers formed the bulk due to the high demand for maids amidst the pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Demand for new maids high despite extra costs amid COVID-19 restrictions, risk of imported cases|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/demand-for-new-maids-covid-19-costs-travel-restrictions-13904512|access-date=20 January 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> ==== Wave 6: Control of Variants (April 2021 to present) ==== On 23 April 2021, Singapore banned all long-term pass holders and short-term visitors from India, which was experiencing a second wave believed to be fuelled by [[Lineage B.1.617|a strain with a double mutation]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Asia|first=T. T. G.|title=Singapore further tightens border measures for travellers from India {{!}} TTG Asia|url=https://www.ttgasia.com/2021/04/23/singapore-further-tightens-border-measures-for-travellers-from-india/|access-date=26 April 2021|website=www.ttgasia.com|language=en-US}}</ref> This was followed by a ban on all long-term pass holders and short-term visitors from Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka on 30 April, which was later extended to all long-term pass holders and short-term visitors worldwide on 4 May. In addition, it was announced that Singapore would temporarily revert to Phase 2 from 8 to 30 May.<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 April 2021|title=Updates on Local Situation, Border Measures for Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, Thailand and Precautionary Measures to Minimise Transmission from Tan Tock Seng Hospital Cluster|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/updates-on-local-situation-border-measures-for-bangladesh-nepal-pakistan-and-sri-lanka-thailand-and-precautionary-measures-to-minimise-transmission-from-tan-tock-seng-hospital-cluster|access-date=30 April 2021|website=moh.gov.sg}}</ref> However, by then it was too late to stop the strain from entering Singapore, with the government announcing on 4 May that the variant had been detected among locally-transmitted cases in the community.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ng|first=Abigail|date=4 May 2021|title=Singapore says it has detected the 'double mutant' Covid variant from India in its community, tightens restrictions|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/05/04/double-mutant-covid-variant-from-india-detected-in-singapore.html|access-date=8 May 2021|publisher=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> A new cluster was formed out of 4 community cases linked to an 88-year-old cleaner working at Changi Airport's Terminal 3, who tested positive on 5 May; by 14 May it had become Singapore's largest active cluster at 59 cases, with at least 17 testing preliminarily positive for the "double mutant" variant.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 May 2021|title=Changi Airport and other Covid-19 clusters in S'pore: What we know so far|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/2021/05/singapore-covid19-clusters/index.html|access-date=14 May 2021|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> Subsequently, MOH announced that there would be more restrictions lasting from 16 May to 13 June, following reports of increasing cases in the Changi Airport cluster and several institutes of education. Dining-in would no longer be allowed, and the maximum number of persons in a social gathering would be further reduced to two, among other restrictions.<ref>{{Cite web|last=hermesauto|date=14 May 2021|title=No dining in, social gatherings capped at 2 people from May 16 as S'pore tightens Covid-19 rules|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/no-dining-in-social-gatherings-capped-at-2-people-from-may-16-as-spore-tightens|access-date=14 May 2021|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> After a decline in community cases, it was announced that Singapore would re-enter "Phase 3 Heightened Alert", with re-opening to commence in two stages. The first stage would begin on 14 June with the limit on social gatherings increased to 5 people, while the next stage would begin on 21 June with the resumption of dining-in with 5 people.<ref>{{cite web|title=Up to 5 in a group allowed from Jun 14; dining-in to resume on Jun 21 in phased easing of COVID-19 curbs|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/cap-of-5-people-social-gatherings-dining-in-phase-3-covid-19-14985970|website=CNA (Channel NewsAsia)|author=Jalelah Abu Baker|date=10 June 2021|access-date=10 June 2021}}</ref> However, a new cluster was formed at the 115 Bukit Merah View Market and Food Center that was linked to a 74-year old store owner who tested positive on 9 June, which resulted in a fresh surge of community cases. Consequently, the second stage of re-opening was adjusted so that only 2 persons would be allowed for dining-in.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dining-in to resume from Jun 21 but in groups of two, not five|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-dining-in-resume-groups-of-2-people-jun-21-moh-15040520|access-date=2021-06-18|website=CNA}}</ref> With the stabilisation of community infections in early July 2021, it was announced that dining-in with groups of up to 5&mdash;along with wedding receptions&mdash;would resume on 12 July; in addition, MOH raised the possibility of more restrictions being eased upon at least half of the population completing their vaccination regimen.<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 July 2021|title=Updates on Phase 3 (Heightened Alert) Measures|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/updates-on-phase-3-(heightened-alert)-measures-7Jul|access-date=7 July 2021|website=www.moh.gov.sg}}</ref> In addition, all Singapore primary schools, secondary schools and junior colleges were to move to full home-based learning starting on 19 May.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: Primary, secondary schools and JCs to move to full home-based learning from May 19|url= https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-home-based-learning-primary-secondary-school-jc-14821222 |access-date=16 May 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> MOE later announced on 14 June that Primary 4-6, Secondary 3-5, and junior college and Millennia Institute students would be able to return to school on 28 June, and Secondary 1-2 students on 1 July; all students from other levels would return on 6 July.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lower primary, lower secondary students to continue with home-based learning after June holidays|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-term-3-hbl-p1-to-p3-secondary-school-jc-students-15011504|access-date=2021-06-14|website=CNA}}</ref> ==== Cautious reopening ==== The authorities took cautious measures as the economy began to reopen to more regular outside travellers in August. Travellers who did not quarantine in a dedicated facility would have to wear an electronic tag throughout the 14-day period.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Travellers entering Singapore serving stay-home notice outside of facilities to wear electronic device|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/electronic-device-travellers-enter-singapore-stay-home-notice-12985052|access-date=3 August 2020|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> Singapore also implemented a Reciprocal Green Lane (RGL) and Periodic Commuting Arrangement (PCA) with Malaysia, allowing limited travel between the two countries. Later in the month, arrivals from certain countries had their 14-day quarantine reduced to 7 days; those arriving from Brunei and New Zealand who were tested negative upon arrival would be allowed in without any quarantine.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Singapore to waive off stay-home notices|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-brunei-new-zealand-singapore-travel-stay-home-notice-13042146|access-date=22 August 2020}}</ref> On 30 September 2020, the Singapore government announced that the country will lift border restrictions for some visitors from [[Australia]], excluding [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria state]], and [[Vietnam]], beginning from 8 October 2020;<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: Singapore to lift border restrictions for some visitors from Australia, Vietnam|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-border-restrictions-australia-vietnam-travel-covid-19-13164246|access-date=30 September 2020|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> restrictions for Victoria state and mainland China were lifted on 6 November.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Toh|first=Ting Wei|date=29 October 2020|title=Singapore to allow travellers from China, Australia's Victoria from 6 Nov; no quarantine if Covid-19 test negative|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/singapore-to-allow-travellers-from-china-australias-victoria-from-nov-6-no|access-date=29 October 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> In October, Minister of Transport [[Ong Ye Kung]] suggested that Singapore would be looking to open travel bubbles with various countries such as those with similar risk profiles, but also for those countries from higher risk locations.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lee|first=Yen Nee|date=12 October 2020|title=Here's how Singapore plans to resume international travel safely|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/10/12/singapore-plans-to-resume-international-travel-amid-coronavirus-pandemic.html|access-date=12 October 2020|publisher=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> One such travel bubble between Singapore and Hong Kong was to have started on 22 November, but had to be postponed to 2021 due to the resurgence of [[COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong|COVID-19 cases in Hong Kong]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore, Hong Kong to defer air travel bubble launch|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-singapore-hong-kong-defer-travel-bubble-december-13675222|access-date=1 December 2020|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> == Domestic impact == === Legal impact === To stop the spread of COVID-19, the COVID-19 (Temporary Measures) Act 2020 and its Control Order Regulations 2020<ref>{{Cite web|title=MOH &#124; COVID-19 (Temporary Measures) (Control Order) Regulations|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/policies-and-legislation/covid-19-(temporary-measures)-(control-order)-regulations|website=moh.gov.sg}}</ref> was brought into force. These rules banned gatherings and led some to be charged in court,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-coronavirus-why-some-people-not-charged-court-12811008|title=COVID-19 court cases: Why have some people not been charged?|website=CNA}}</ref> fined or even jailed for offences related to these laws.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/COVID19TMA2020|title=COVID-19 (Temporary Measures) Act 2020 – Singapore Statutes Online|website=sso.agc.gov.sg}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/COVID19TMA2020-S254-2020|title=COVID-19 (Temporary Measures) (Control Order) Regulations 2020 – Singapore Statutes Online|website=sso.agc.gov.sg}}</ref> A number of people who were on work passes have had their passes revoked and have also been permanently banned from working in Singapore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=140 Work Passes Revoked for Breach of Circuit Breaker Measures, Stay-Home Notices or Quarantine Orders|url=https://www.mom.gov.sg/newsroom/press-releases/2020/0625-140-work-passes-revoked-for-breach-of-circuit-breaker-measures-shn-qo|access-date=25 June 2020|website=Ministry of Manpower Singapore|language=en}}</ref> === Economic impact === The ongoing pandemic is likely to have a significant impact on the local economy. On 17 February 2020, the [[Ministry of Trade and Industry (Singapore)|Ministry of Trade and Industry]] (MTI) downgraded Singapore's forecast [[GDP growth]] to between −0.5% and 1.5%.<ref name="MTIForecast">{{Cite news |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-cuts-2020-gdp-forecast-covid-19-economy-12440764 |title=Singapore cuts 2020 GDP forecast range to −0.5% to 1.5% due to COVID-19 outbreak |access-date=5 March 2020 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302172134/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-cuts-2020-gdp-forecast-covid-19-economy-12440764 |archive-date=2 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> This is largely due to the fall in tourism and social distancing restrictions.<ref name="MTIForecast"/> On 26 March, MTI said it believed that the economy would contract by between 1% and 4% in 2020. This was after the economy shrank some 2.2% in the first quarter of 2020 from the same quarter in 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/26/coronavirus-singapore-releases-first-quarter-gdp-advance-estimates.html|title=Singapore expects its economy to shrink in 2020 due to the coronavirus pandemic|last=Lee|first=Yen Nee|date=26 March 2020|publisher=CNBC|language=en|access-date=26 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326080729/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/26/coronavirus-singapore-releases-first-quarter-gdp-advance-estimates.html|archive-date=26 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On 26 May, the Singapore economy contracted 0.7%YoY, which was better than the expected contraction of 2.2%. However, MTI said that it was revising down its expectation for the Singapore economy in 2020 to shrink by 4% to 7%.<ref>{{Cite web|title=S'pore heads for deeper recession: 2020 growth forecast cut to between −7 and −4% on Covid-19 impact|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/business/economy/spore-to-sink-into-deeper-recession-than-expected-2020-growth-forecast-cut-to|last=hermesauto|date=26 May 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref> Economists were behind the curve in downgrading their numbers. The IMF for example, predicted in October 2019 that growth in 2020 would be 1%, but as a result of COVID-19, had changed their expectation in October 2020 to a contraction of 6%.<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Economic Outlook, October 2019: Global Manufacturing Downturn, Rising Trade Barriers|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2019/10/01/world-economic-outlook-october-2019|access-date=22 November 2020|website=IMF|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=World Economic Outlook, October 2020: A Long and Difficult Ascent|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2020/09/30/world-economic-outlook-october-2020|access-date=22 November 2020|website=IMF|language=en}}</ref> Other institutions initially expected the economy to expand but had to revise their numbers.<ref>{{Cite web|last=hermes|date=23 April 2020|title=Citi: Singapore economy set to shrink by 8.5% this year|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/business/economy/citi-spore-economy-set-to-shrink-by-85-this-year|access-date=15 September 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> On 2 April 2020, the rating's agency Moody's downgraded the Singapore banking sector from "stable" outlook to a "negative" outlook on the back of rising bad loans and deteriorating profitability as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/coronavirus-covid-19-banks-uob-ocbc-dbs-moodys-12602064|title=Moody's cuts outlook for Singapore banks on COVID-19 fallout|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=2 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404023853/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/coronavirus-covid-19-banks-uob-ocbc-dbs-moodys-12602064|archive-date=4 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> It was estimated by the economist Chua Hak Bin, the lockdown "circuit breaker" beginning on 7 April could impact the economy to the tune of S$10&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Vishnoi|first1=Abhishek|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-09/singapore-s-partial-lockdown-seen-costing-economy-s-20-billion?srnd=markets-vp|title=Singapore Partial Lockdown to Cost Economy S$10 Billion|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.|access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref> With the lockdown imposed on foreign workers, there were concerns that there could be delays in construction work of up to six months.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-construction-projects-delay-manpower-crunch-backlog-12673450|title=COVID-19: Construction projects could be delayed months, as contractors fear manpower crunch when clearing backlog|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=26 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426070348/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-construction-projects-delay-manpower-crunch-backlog-12673450|archive-date=26 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Senior Minister of State for Trade and Industry [[Chee Hong Tat]] announced that some 3,800 companies had closed in April 2020, only slightly higher than the 3,700 reported on average for the same month in the past 5 years. Though he warned that this would likely rise in the coming months. Despite this only small increase in companies shutting down, the number of companies starting up had declined by about a third from the average April since 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About 3,800 companies closed down in April; expect uptick in coming months: Chee Hong Tat|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/3800-business-closures-april-uptick-ahead-covid19-coronavirus-12802912|access-date=6 June 2020|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> On 6 April 2020, it was announced in [[Parliament of Singapore|Parliament]] that [[Singapore Changi Airport|Changi Airport]] [[Infrastructure of Singapore Changi Airport#Terminal 2|Terminal 2]] would be suspended from 1 May 2020 for 18 months due to the ongoing pandemic.<ref>{{cite web|title=Parliament: Changi Airport T2 operations to be suspended for 18 months amid coronavirus outbreak|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/operations-at-changi-airport-t2-to-be-suspended-for-18-months-amid-coronavirus-outbreak|last1=Toh|first1=Ting Wei|date=6 April 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=6 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407044150/http://www.straitstimes.com/politics/operations-at-changi-airport-t2-to-be-suspended-for-18-months-amid-coronavirus-outbreak|archive-date=7 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Infrastructure of Singapore Changi Airport#Terminal 4|Terminal 4]] would later be suspended on 16 May indefinitely as well, with the aim to restart operations when travel demand returns.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|title=Changi Airport Terminal 4 to suspend operations amid COVID-19 pandemic|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-changi-airport-terminal-4-suspend-operations-12723918|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517065634/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-changi-airport-terminal-4-suspend-operations-12723918|archive-date=17 May 2020|access-date=12 May 2020|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> The suspension of Terminal 2 would also allow the ongoing expansion work which was announced in January 2020 to be completed up to a year ahead of schedule in 2023 instead of 2024.<ref>{{cite web|title=Changi Airport's Terminal 2 to get extensive makeover with more space, nature-inspired design|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/changi-airports-terminal-2-to-get-extensive-makeover-with-more-space-nature|last1=Wong|first1=Kai Yi|date=16 January 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=7 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406163226/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/changi-airports-terminal-2-to-get-extensive-makeover-with-more-space-nature|archive-date=6 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The airlines which were operating from these two terminals were largely consolidated into the remaining Terminals 1 and 3, with some airlines remained suspended until further notice.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Consolidation of Terminal Operations {{!}} Singapore Changi Airport|url=https://www.changiairport.com/corporate/media-centre/newsroom/consolidation-of-terminal-operations.html|access-date=27 October 2020|website=www.changiairport.com|language=en}}</ref> In November 2020, the MTI announced Singapore's economy contracted 5.8% in the third quarter from the same period in 2019. It also expected the economy to shrink contract by between 6% and 6.5% in 2020, though in 2021 it expected an expansion of between 4% and 6% next year.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lee|first=Yen Nee|date=23 November 2020|title=Singapore's economy is set to rebound in 2021 as third-quarter contraction slows|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/11/23/singapore-releases-third-quarter-2020-gdp-economic-data.html|access-date=24 November 2020|publisher=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> ==== Employment ==== Data released by the [[Ministry of Manpower (Singapore)|Ministry of Manpower]] showed that total employment contracted by 57,000 in 2020, which was the biggest drop since SARS in 2003.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/employment-unemployment-rate-q1-2020-mom-12687128|title=Singapore's total employment plunges in Q1, sharpest drop since SARS|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=29 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501221440/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/employment-unemployment-rate-q1-2020-mom-12687128|archive-date=1 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Foreign workers were vulnerable to being let go during the crisis as support measures such as the Jobs Support Scheme were primarily targeted as subsidising the wages of <u>local</u> staff not all employees. There were some 22,200 fewer foreign employees (excluding domestic workers) between December 2019 and March 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore firms trying to retain foreign staff, but this group likely first to go|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/firms-trying-to-retain-foreign-staff-but-this-group-likely-first-to-go|last=hermes|date=11 May 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=11 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511083147/http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/firms-trying-to-retain-foreign-staff-but-this-group-likely-first-to-go|archive-date=11 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Ministry of Manpower reported that unemployment in the first quarter of 2020 rose to 2.4 per cent from 2.3 per cent the quarter previously, the highest in a decade, while among Singaporeans it rose from 3.3 per cent to 3.5 per cent.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/unemployment-jobless-highest-10-years-retrenchments-mom-12835166 |title=Singapore's jobless rate highest in 10 years, total employment registers record decline in Q1 |last=Phua |first=Rachel |date=15 June 2020 |website=CNA |language=en |access-date=15 June 2020}}</ref> As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, various companies like Resorts World Sentosa reduced a significant amount of its workforce.<ref>{{Cite news|date=15 July 2020|title=Genting Singapore's Resorts World Sentosa lays off staff|language=en|agency=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/genting-singapore-layoffs-idUSP8N2DN04X|access-date=15 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=hermesauto|date=15 July 2020|title=Resorts World Sentosa to retrench staff amid 'devastating impact' of Covid-19 pandemic|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/manpower/coronavirus-resorts-world-sentosa-to-retrench-staff-amid-devastating-impact-of|access-date=15 July 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> Local firms had to take aggressive action to deal with effects of the pandemic. For example, on 10 September 2020, Singapore Airlines announced that it would cut around 4,300 positions across its group.<ref>{{Cite web|title=SIA Group To Rationalise Staff Numbers Amid Unprecedented Global Aviation Crisis|url=https://www.singaporeair.com/en_UK/sg/media-centre/press-release/article/?q=en_UK/2020/July-September/ne1420-200910|access-date=15 September 2020|website=singaporeair.com}}</ref> On 15 September 2020, United Overseas Bank announced that it was limiting hiring.<ref>{{Cite web|last=hermesauto|date=15 September 2020|title=UOB freezes wages, slows hiring amid continued fallout from Covid-19|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/business/banking/uob-freezes-wages-slows-hiring-amid-continued-fallout-from-covid-19|access-date=15 September 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> ==== Inflation ==== The overall inflation dropped to 0.3% in February 2020 on a year-by-year basis. Core inflation, which excludes the costs of accommodation and private road transport, dropped to −0.1%, the first time this decade that core inflation turned negative. This was also due to supply chains being disrupted due to COVID-19.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tan |first1=Sue-Ann |title=Singapore core inflation turned negative in February, 1st time in decade, as coronavirus upends travel |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/business/economy/core-inflation-turns-negative-in-february-as-coronavirus-sees-drop-in-airfares |work=The Straits Times |access-date=23 March 2020 |date=23 March 2020 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323122300/https://www.straitstimes.com/business/economy/core-inflation-turns-negative-in-february-as-coronavirus-sees-drop-in-airfares |archive-date=23 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Stocks ==== On 9 March 2020, the [[Straits Times Index]] [[Black Monday (2020)|fell]] 6.03% owing to the impact of COVID-19, made worse by the [[2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war|oil price war]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tang |first1=See Kit |title=Singapore stocks near 4-year low as oil rout, COVID-19 fears send investors 'dumping everything' |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/singapore-stocks-four-year-low-oil-rout-covid19-fears-12518786 |website=CNA |access-date=10 March 2020 |date=9 March 2020}}</ref> The Index dropped again three days later by 3.8% after more measures are announced with the [[World Health Organization]] declaring a pandemic.<ref>{{cite web |title=Global stocks plunge into bear market with pandemic declared, Trump travel ban; STI down 3.8% |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/business/companies-markets/bear-market-fears-spread-to-asia-as-pandemic-declared-eyes-on-trump |website=The Straits Times |access-date=13 March 2020 |date=12 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312224602/https://www.straitstimes.com/business/companies-markets/bear-market-fears-spread-to-asia-as-pandemic-declared-eyes-on-trump |archive-date=12 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Monetary policy ==== The [[Monetary Authority of Singapore]] (MAS) brought forward its twice year meeting from some time in April to 30 March 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/mas-bring-forward-monetary-policy-statement-12568182|title=MAS brings forward monetary policy statement, firming easing bets|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=24 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324194740/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/mas-bring-forward-monetary-policy-statement-12568182|archive-date=24 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The MAS has since decided to ease the Singapore dollar's appreciation rate to zero per cent, as well as adjust the policy band downwards, the first such move since the [[Financial crisis of 2007–08|Global Financial Crisis]]. This makes it the first time the MAS had taken these two measures together.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Subhani |first1=Ovais |title=MAS sets zero appreciation path for Singdollar at lower level in easing move as economy heads for recession |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/business/economy/mas-sets-zero-appreciation-path-for-singdollar-at-lower-level-in-easing-move |website=The Straits Times |access-date=30 March 2020 |date=30 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330024607/https://www.straitstimes.com/business/economy/mas-sets-zero-appreciation-path-for-singdollar-at-lower-level-in-easing-move |archive-date=30 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Unusually, on 6 April, the central bank also announced that it would bring forward its disclosure of foreign exchange intervention to 9 April. It was previously scheduled to be published in June.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-central-bank-mas-disclosure-forex-intervention-12613354|title=Singapore central bank brings forward disclosure of forex intervention operations|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=6 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406104500/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-central-bank-mas-disclosure-forex-intervention-12613354|archive-date=6 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> In September, Citi argued that a downward re-centring for the MAS SGD NEER in October 2020 could still take place.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Leow|first=Annabeth|date=25 August 2020|title=MAS expected to stand pat on Singapore dollar despite inflation slide|url=https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/government-economy/mas-expected-to-stand-pat-on-singapore-dollar-despite-inflation-slide|access-date=15 September 2020|website=The Business Times|language=en}}</ref> == Tourism == As one of the countries highly affected by the pandemic, tourism in Singapore has fallen, with the [[Singapore Tourism Board]] experiencing its largest drop in visitor arrivals from the previous year.<ref name="STBDrop">{{Cite news|last=Tay|first=Tiffany Fumioko|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapores-visitor-arrivals-projected-to-drop-by-up-to-30-amid-coronavirus-outbreak|title=Singapore's visitor arrivals down by about 20,000 a day amid coronavirus outbreak|date=11 February 2020|access-date=5 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303182212/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapores-visitor-arrivals-projected-to-drop-by-up-to-30-amid-coronavirus-outbreak|archive-date=3 March 2020|language=en}}</ref> Several countries have imposed travel restrictions on Singapore.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=25 February 2020 |title=Coronavirus: Which countries have imposed travel restrictions? |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-which-countries-have-imposed-travel-restrictions |work=The Straits Times |language=en |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301182056/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-which-countries-have-imposed-travel-restrictions |archive-date=1 March 2020 |access-date=6 March 2020}}</ref> Prime Minister [[Lee Hsien Loong]] encouraged Singaporeans to go on a local 'staycation' to mitigate the fall in demand for tourism, but this was not possible during the circuit breaker from 7 April 2020 to 1 June 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theonlinecitizen.com/2020/03/05/netizens-appreciate-pm-lees-call-to-supporting-local-tourism-but-some-say-its-too-expensive/|title=Netizens appreciate PM Lee's call to supporting local tourism; but some say it's too expensive|date=5 March 2020|work=The Online Citizen|access-date=5 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306154117/https://www.theonlinecitizen.com/2020/03/05/netizens-appreciate-pm-lees-call-to-supporting-local-tourism-but-some-say-its-too-expensive/|archive-date=6 March 2020|language=en-GB}}</ref> Retail industry was also affected by the pandemic, though it has been steadily recovering since the transition to phase 3.<ref>{{Cite web|last=hermesauto|date=24 November 2020|title=Singapore retailers' reliance on local demand may not be sustainable: Survey|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/business/economy/singapore-retailers-reliance-on-local-demand-may-not-be-sustainable-amex-survey|access-date=24 November 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> On 15 December 2020, Minister for Trade and Industry [[Chan Chun Sing]] announced a new initiative, Connect@Singapore. It is part of Singapore's efforts to re-open its borders in a controlled and safe manner and facilitates essential global business exchanges and support the revival of Singapore's air hub status and hospitality sector.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Connect Singapore boosts Singapore efforts to re-open borders in controlled and safe manner|url=https://www.mti.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Releases/2020/12/Connect-Singapore-boosts-Singapore-efforts-to-re-open-borders-in-controlled-and-safe-manner|access-date=20 March 2021|website=mti.gov.sg}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Connect@Singapore Pilot {{!}} STB|url=https://www.stb.gov.sg/content/stb/en/home-pages/connect-singapore-pilot.html|access-date=20 March 2021|website=www.stb.gov.sg}}</ref> On 8 May 2021, the UK announced that it would allow people in England to resume international travel from 17 May, but would limit the number of destinations open for quarantine-free holidays to just a handful of countries as it cautiously eases lockdown restrictions. Singapore is among a few countries which made the green list for travel in a system that will be reviewed every three weeks.<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 May 2021|title=Britain to reopen foreign holidays to just a handful of countries|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/uk/airlines-british-holidaymakers-brace-limited-travel-restart-2021-05-06/|access-date=8 May 2021|agency=Reuters}}</ref> === Air Travel Bubbles (ATB) === In the early days of the coronavirus pandemic, even as nations shut their borders and airlines struggled with record-low passenger levels, there was a lot of optimism about “travel bubbles” — a controlled return of quarantine-free air travel between designated cities or countries. Since then, with few countries’ outbreaks truly under control, there has been far more chatter about potential travel bubbles than there have been actual bubbles implemented. ==== With New Zealand and Brunei ==== On 1 September 2020, applications for "green lane" travel bubbles for travellers from New Zealand and Brunei were opened. Visitors from those 2 countries would be required to take a COVID-19 test on arrival at Changi Airport and self-isolate until they received a negative test result, but otherwise did not have to stay in quarantine upon arrival in Singapore. This was provided they have remained in the country for the last consecutive 14 days prior to their visit to Singapore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore opens 'travel bubble' for New Zealanders – Australasian Leisure Management|url=https://www.ausleisure.com.au/news/singapore-opens-travel-bubble-for-new-zealanders/|access-date=18 May 2021|website=ausleisure.com.au}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore opens New Zealand travel bubble|url=https://www.executivetraveller.com/news/singapore-opens-new-zealand-travel-bubble?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=share|access-date=18 May 2021|website=Executive Traveller|language=en}}</ref> On 20 May 2021, Brunei announced that it would be suspending its "green lane" travel bubble with Singapore until further notice.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: Brunei suspends reciprocal green lane arrangement with Singapore|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/brunei-suspends-reciprocal-green-lane-singapore-14849522|access-date=20 May 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> ==== With Hong Kong ==== On 11 November 2020, Hong Kong and Singapore have agreed to launch a travel bubble to restart tourism without needing to quarantine at the other end.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hong Kong Singapore Air Travel Bubble|url=https://www.tourism.gov.hk/travelbubble|access-date=2021-07-03|website=www.tourism.gov.hk|language=en}}</ref> It was hoped that having a quarantine-free travel would boost tourism and business between the two Asian hubs cities, though anyone travelling between the two cities will have to undergo a compulsory COVID-19 test before they flew.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Jessie Yeung and Pauline Lockwood|title=Hong Kong and Singapore confirm date for launch of new 'travel bubble'|url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/hong-kong-singapore-travel-bubble-intl-hnk-scli/index.html|access-date=26 April 2021|publisher=CNN|language=en}}</ref> The travel bubble was scheduled to start on 22 November 2020. However, the day before the launch, both cities announced that it would be deferred by two weeks until early December. This was due to a sudden spike in new infections in Hong Kong.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Limited|first=Bangkok Post Public Company|title=Hong Kong-Singapore travel bubble delay dims rebound hopes|work=Bangkok Post|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/2024307/hong-kong-singapore-travel-bubble-delay-dims-rebound-hopes|access-date=24 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=21 November 2020|title=Covid-19: Hong Kong-Singapore travel corridor postponed|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-55027305|access-date=22 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Nectar Gan, Akanksha Sharma and Pauline Lockwood|title=The much-hyped Hong Kong-Singapore 'travel bubble' is postponed amid Covid-19 spike|url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/hk-singapore-travel-bubble-delay-intl-hnk/index.html|access-date=24 November 2020|publisher=CNN|language=en}}</ref> On 1 December, the launch date was deferred again to beyond December 2020. This showed the complexities involved in opening up, even between countries which had coronavirus infections under control. On 29 March 2021, Singapore resumed discussions with Hong Kong after the latter city experienced a significant decline in its daily local COVID-19 cases.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore studying proposal from Hong Kong to reopen borders safely: Ong Ye Kung|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-hong-kong-air-travel-bubble-proposal-ong-ye-kung-14518180|access-date=30 March 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> On 26 April, both Singapore and Hong Kong confirmed that the air travel bubble would officially re-launch on 26 May.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore, Hong Kong to relaunch travel bubble on May 26|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-singapore-hong-kong-travel-bubble-ong-ye-kung-14696014|access-date=26 April 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=22 April 2021|title=Singapore, Hong Kong Delay Travel Bubble Announcement Again|language=en|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-04-22/singapore-hong-kong-said-to-delay-travel-bubble-announcement|access-date=8 May 2021}}</ref> However, after a spike in local infections triggered fresh restrictions in Singapore in late April, Singapore's government stated on 6 May that it would assess any potential changes to the travel bubble.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore monitoring COVID-19 situation as cases rise ahead of Hong Kong travel bubble|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid19-singapore-hong-kong-air-travel-bubbl-unlinked-cases-14747506|access-date=8 May 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> While Hong Kong's Secretary for Commerce and Economic Development, [[Edward Yau]] Tang-wah, initially assured on 12 May that the travel bubble would launch as scheduled,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus: Hong Kong-Singapore travel bubble to launch as scheduled this month despite recent cases, commerce minister says|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/health-environment/article/3133179/coronavirus-hong-kong-singapore-travel-bubble?1|access-date=12 May 2021|website=South China Morning Post|language=en}}</ref> it was later announced on 17 May that the travel bubble would once again be put on hold. A new launch date would be reviewed near the end of Phase 2 (Heightened Alert), which lasts until 13 June.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: Singapore-Hong Kong air travel bubble to be deferred for a second time|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-singapore-hong-kong-air-travel-bubble-deferred-14826794|access-date=18 May 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> ==== With Taiwan ==== On 18 March 2021, Taiwan's Health Minister [[Chen Shih-chung]] announced that Singapore and Taiwan were in talks about possible air travel bubble between the 2 countries.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore and Taiwan in talks about possible travel bubble: Reports|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-taiwan-travel-bubble-reports-14445856|access-date=18 May 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=hermesauto|date=18 March 2021|title=Taiwan says Singapore next in line for potential Covid-19 travel bubble|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/taiwan-says-singapore-next-in-line-for-potential-travel-bubble|access-date=18 May 2021|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> Singapore's Transport Minister [[Ong Ye Kung]] stated on 26 April that a proposal was submitted to Taiwan to establish an air travel bubble along with a proposal to mutually recognise vaccination certificates, during a press conference to announce a new date for the start of Singapore's air travel bubble with Hong Kong.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tuesday|first=27 April 2021 08:16&nbsp;am MYT|title=Singapore submits air travel bubble proposal to Taiwan {{!}} Malay Mail|url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/singapore/2021/04/27/singapore-submits-air-travel-bubble-proposal-to-taiwan/1969729|access-date=18 May 2021|website=The Malay Mail|language=en}}</ref> However, the possibility of the travel bubble faded on 6 May, when Singapore banned all short-term visitors from Taiwan following a surge in new local infections in the latter country.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: Singapore tightens border measures with Taiwan; Singaporean, PR travellers to serve 21-day stay-home notice|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/citizens-prs-travel-history-taiwan-21-day-shn-moh-14816878|access-date=16 May 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Taiwan reports record 16 new domestic cases, may raise COVID-19 alert level|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/taiwan-covid-19-alert-level-restrictions-stock-market-14793526|access-date=16 May 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> ==== With Australia ==== Australia's Deputy Prime Minister [[Michael McCormack (Australian politician)|Michael McCormack]] announced on 14 March 2021 that Australia was working with Singapore about establishing a potential travel bubble in July, which was confirmed by Singapore the same day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 March 2021 |title=Australia says it's working on travel bubble with Singapore |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/australianz/australia-says-working-on-travel-bubble-with-singapore |access-date=15 March 2021 |website=The Straits Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 March 2021 |title=Singapore, Australia in discussions on travel bubble |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/australia-singapore-travel-bubble-covid-19-july-14402804 |access-date=31 May 2021 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 April 2021 |title=The NZ travel bubble is open — and more destinations could be on the horizon |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-04-19/nz-travel-bubble-singapore-pacific-international-flights/100078130 |access-date=18 May 2021 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |language=en-AU}}</ref> However, hopes for a travel bubble between Singapore and Australia were dealt another blow as Singapore tightened restrictions on its citizens and on incoming travellers, as it confronted its first significant cluster of COVID-19 cases in months.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barrett |first=Chris |date=5 May 2021 |title=Setback for Australian bubble hopes with Singapore on new virus alert |url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/asia/setback-for-australian-bubble-hopes-with-singapore-on-new-virus-alert-20210504-p57ox0.html |access-date=18 May 2021 |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |language=en}}</ref> === Events === Due to the [[2019–20 Hong Kong protests|2019 Hong Kong protests]], many [[Meetings, incentives, conferencing, exhibitions|conferences and exhibitions]] were transferred to Singapore.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.traveldailymedia.com/hong-kong-turmoil-benefits-singapore-mice-hotels/|title=Hong Kong turmoil benefits Singapore MICE, hotels|date=3 September 2019|website=Travel Daily|language=en-US|access-date=28 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328082606/https://www.traveldailymedia.com/hong-kong-turmoil-benefits-singapore-mice-hotels/|archive-date=28 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/ajimpact/hong-kongs-losses-singapores-gain-survey-shows-190913045929650.html|title=Hong Kong's losses may be Singapore's gain, new survey shows|publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=28 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328082604/https://www.aljazeera.com/ajimpact/hong-kongs-losses-singapores-gain-survey-shows-190913045929650.html|archive-date=28 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> However, as a result of COVID-19 pandemic, many events were postponed, cancelled or switched virtually. 70 exhibitors of the Singapore Airshow 2020, including US aerospace giant [[Lockheed Martin]], [[Raytheon Technologies|Raytheon]] and South Korea's [[Black Eagles aerobatic team|Black Eagles]] decided to pull out over concerns about the coronavirus outbreak.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/singapore-airshow-hit-virus-fears-70-exhibitors-pull-074510700.html|title=Singapore Airshow hit by virus fears as 70 exhibitors pull out|publisher=Yahoo! News|language=en-US|access-date=11 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210160754/https://news.yahoo.com/singapore-airshow-hit-virus-fears-70-exhibitors-pull-074510700.html|archive-date=10 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/business/companies-markets/some-exhibitors-drop-out-of-singapore-airshow-due-to-wuhan-virus|title=Coronavirus keeps exhibitors away from Singapore Airshow; Korea's Black Eagles not coming|last1=Wong|first1=Kai Yi|date=3 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|access-date=24 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224071128/https://www.straitstimes.com/business/companies-markets/some-exhibitors-drop-out-of-singapore-airshow-due-to-wuhan-virus|archive-date=24 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/business/economy/major-summit-on-eve-of-singapore-airshow-canceled-on-coronavirus-fears|title=Singapore Airshow to go ahead despite fewer exhibitors, with stepped-up coronavirus measures|last1=Wong|first1=Kai Yi|date=4 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|access-date=24 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228043522/https://www.straitstimes.com/business/economy/major-summit-on-eve-of-singapore-airshow-canceled-on-coronavirus-fears|archive-date=28 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/world/united-states/lockheed-martin-drops-out-of-singapore-airshow-over-coronavirus-concerns|title=Pentagon official, Lockheed Martin and Raytheon pull out of Singapore Airshow over coronavirus concerns|date=8 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|access-date=1 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301174317/https://www.straitstimes.com/world/united-states/lockheed-martin-drops-out-of-singapore-airshow-over-coronavirus-concerns|archive-date=1 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The Global Grain Conference in Singapore was also cancelled.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-globalgrain-idUSKBN20422O|title=Global Grain conference in Singapore postponed due to coronavirus|date=10 February 2020|agency=Reuters|access-date=10 February 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211013758/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-globalgrain-idUSKBN20422O|archive-date=11 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mediacorp]] postponed its [[Star Awards]] ceremony to 2021 and held it at the Jewel Changi Airport due to the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cnalifestyle.channelnewsasia.com/trending/star-awards-2020-postponed-mediacorp-singapore-12448978|title=Mediacorp postpones Star Awards 2020 over COVID-19 concerns|date=19 February 2020|website=CNA|access-date=20 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219125448/https://cnalifestyle.channelnewsasia.com/trending/star-awards-2020-postponed-mediacorp-singapore-12448978|archive-date=19 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Launched in 2002, the [[Shangri-La Dialogue]] defence summit, which had been held every year in Singapore, was cancelled for second year running in 2020 and 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/shangri-la-dialogue-2020-cancelled-over-covid-19-outbreak-12585246|title=Shangri-La Dialogue 2020 cancelled over COVID-19 pandemic|website=CNA|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328083527/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/shangri-la-dialogue-2020-cancelled-over-covid-19-outbreak-12585246|archive-date=28 March 2020|access-date=28 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Shangri-La Dialogue in Singapore cancelled amid uncertain COVID-19 situation|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/shangri-la-dialogue-singapore-cancelled-uncertain-covid-19-14848814|access-date=21 May 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> The 2020 [[HSBC Women's World Championship]], a women's golf tournament initially scheduled from 27 February to 1 March, was cancelled.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/sport/golf/golf-feb27-march-1-hsbc-womens-world-championship-at-sentosa-cancelled-due-to-coronavirus|title=Golf: 27 Feb – 1 March HSBC Women's World Championship at Sentosa cancelled due to coronavirus|last1=Lee|first1=David|date=10 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|access-date=6 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214091943/https://www.straitstimes.com/sport/golf/golf-feb27-march-1-hsbc-womens-world-championship-at-sentosa-cancelled-due-to-coronavirus|archive-date=14 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/sport/wuhan-virus-hsbc-womens-golf-cancelled-12416324|title=HSBC Women's golf in Singapore cancelled because of coronavirus|date=10 February 2020|website=CNA|access-date=6 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501073331/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/sport/wuhan-virus-hsbc-womens-golf-cancelled-12416324|archive-date=1 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The 12th session of [[Pink Dot SG]] (which was scheduled to be held on 27 June at [[Hong Lim Park]]) was replaced by a [[Live streaming|livestreaming session]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid19-pink-dot-hong-lim-park-cancelled-livestream-12542574|title=No Pink Dot rally at Hong Lim Park due to coronavirus: Organisers|date=16 March 2020|website=CNA|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322102702/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid19-pink-dot-hong-lim-park-cancelled-livestream-12542574|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=22 March 2020}}</ref> Singer [[Miriam Yeung]] postponed a concert that was initially scheduled on 8 February 2020. It was initially rescheduled to 30 January 2021 – amid the government's safe re-opening measures – and was eventually cancelled.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ang|first1=Benson|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/wuhan-virus-miriam-yeungs-feb-8-singapore-concert-postponed-until-further|title=Wuhan virus: Miriam Yeung's 8 Feb Singapore concert postponed until further notice|access-date=24 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|date=28 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224064425/https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/wuhan-virus-miriam-yeungs-feb-8-singapore-concert-postponed-until-further|archive-date=24 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> More concerts followed suit, including K-pop concerts by [[Taeyeon]], [[NCT (group)|NCT Group]],<ref>{{cite web|last1=Abdul Hadi|first1=Eddino|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/wuhan-virus-two-k-pop-concerts-in-singapore-postponed|title=Wuhan virus: Two K-pop concerts in Singapore postponed|access-date=24 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|date=30 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224065400/https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/wuhan-virus-two-k-pop-concerts-in-singapore-postponed|archive-date=24 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Got7]] (initially scheduled on 22 February),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/wuhan-virus-k-pop-boy-band-got7s-singapore-concert-on-feb-22-postponed|title=Wuhan virus: K-pop boy band Got7's Singapore concert on 22 Feb postponed|access-date=24 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|date=31 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224065844/https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/wuhan-virus-k-pop-boy-band-got7s-singapore-concert-on-feb-22-postponed|archive-date=24 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Stage Club play,<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |last1=Lee |first1=Jan |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/k-pop-group-winners-concert-huayi-events-stage-club-play-cancelled-or-postponed-due-to |title=K-pop group Winner's concert, Huayi events, Stage Club play cancelled or postponed due to coronavirus outbreak |access-date=24 February 2020 |website=The Straits Times |date=3 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224071131/https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/k-pop-group-winners-concert-huayi-events-stage-club-play-cancelled-or-postponed-due-to |archive-date=24 February 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Welsh singer [[Novo Amor]] (postponed to July),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/coronavirus-welsh-singer-novo-amor-reschedules-singapore-concert |title=Coronavirus: Welsh singer Novo Amor reschedules Singapore concert |access-date=24 February 2020 |website=The Straits Times |date=6 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224073129/https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/coronavirus-welsh-singer-novo-amor-reschedules-singapore-concert |archive-date=24 February 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[98 Degrees]] (initially scheduled on 20 February),<ref>{{cite web |last1=Abdul Hadi |first1=Eddino |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/coronavirus-american-pop-group-98deg-postpone-singapore-concert |title=Coronavirus: American pop group 98° postpone Singapore concert |date=7 February 2020 |website=The Straits Times |access-date=1 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301175836/https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/coronavirus-american-pop-group-98deg-postpone-singapore-concert |archive-date=1 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> and First Fleet (a Mandarin play initially from 14 to 23 February, rescheduled to March 2021).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ang |first1=Benson |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/arts/mandarin-play-first-fleet-rescheduled |title=Mandarin play First Fleet rescheduled |date=7 February 2020 |website=The Straits Times |access-date=1 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301174316/https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/arts/mandarin-play-first-fleet-rescheduled |archive-date=1 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> K-pop band [[Winner (band)|Winner]] cancelled its concert, which was scheduled to be held on 8 February. Several Huayi events in [[Esplanade – Theatres on the Bay|Esplanade]] were cancelled due to travel restrictions.<ref name="auto1" /> On 12 June 2020, it was announced that the [[Singapore Grand Prix]], due to be held on 20 September 2020, would be cancelled.<ref>{{cite web|title=2020 Singapore Grand Prix cancelled due to 'continuing nationwide restrictions' brought about by COVID-19 pandemic |author=Matthew Mohan |date=12 June 2020 |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/sport/singapore-grand-prix-cancelled-f1-2020-covid-19-12829704 |website=CNA |language=en |access-date=12 June 2020}}</ref> Organisers of the Marina Bay Singapore Countdown had announced on 5 November 2020 that there will be no fireworks display and countdown at [[Marina Bay, Singapore|Marina Bay]], instead, light shows will be held instead together with heartland fireworks and that the event would be streamed online and on television by [[Mediacorp]].<ref>{{cite news |title=No fireworks at Marina Bay on New Year's Eve amid COVID-19 pandemic |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/new-year-eve-countdown-no-fireworks-marina-bay-13471124 |access-date=11 November 2020 |work=CNA |date=5 November 2020}}</ref> On 7 December 2020, organisers of the annual [[World Economic Forum]] event announced that they have decided to hold its 2021 annual meeting in Singapore, from 25–28 May, instead of its traditional home of Switzerland, which is battling a rising number of coronavirus infections.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Allassan|first=Fadel|title=2021 World Economic Forum to be held in Singapore instead of Davos|url=https://www.axios.com/world-economic-forum-singapore-davos-f3fb535f-4edb-4273-ae30-6a4155c360ce.html|access-date=9 February 2021|website=Axios|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Special Annual Meeting 2021 in Singapore from 25–28 May|url=https://www.weforum.org/press/2020/12/special-annual-meeting-2021-to-take-place-in-singapore-in-may/|access-date=9 February 2021|website=World Economic Forum|language=en}}</ref> On 3 February 2021, the organisers postponed the annual meeting to 17–20 August due to pandemic-related challenges.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Davos 2021 summit in Singapore postponed until August|url=https://news.yahoo.com/davos-2021-summit-singapore-postponed-160327725.html|access-date=9 February 2021|publisher=Yahoo! News|language=en-US}}</ref> It was eventually cancelled on 17 May, with the World Economic Forum's (WEF) citing global uncertainties caused by COVID-19 as the reason. It was added that the next annual meeting will take place in the first half of 2022, with the final location and date to be decided later.<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Economic Forum cancels special annual meeting in Singapore|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/world-economic-forum-cancels-meeting-singapore-covid-19-14828466|access-date=18 May 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> On 4 May 2021, the President's Office announced that the 13 May Istana Open House would be cancelled.<ref>{{cite news |title=Istana cancels May 13 open house amid COVID-19 concerns |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/istana-cancels-hari-raya-may-13-open-house-covid-19-14741570 |access-date=4 May 2021 |work=CNA |date=4 May 2021}}</ref> On 30 June 2021, Minister of Defense Dr. Ng Eng Hen announced that the annual [[National Day Parade]] at The Float @ Marina Bay would proceed as planned.<ref>{{cite news |title=National Day Parade 2021 to go ahead with physical event and spectators at The Float @ Marina Bay |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/national-day-parade-2021-ndp-floating-platform-15124154 |access-date=1 July 2021 |work=CNA |date=30 June 2021}}</ref> == Societal impact == === Local shopping === The retail industry has been significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, together with food industry. Foot traffic at shopping malls were dropped,<ref name="CapitalandTraffic">{{Cite news|last=Sen|first=Siow Li|url=https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/companies-markets/singapore-malls-foot-traffic-almost-back-to-normal-capitaland|title=Singapore malls foot traffic almost back to normal: CapitaLand|date=26 February 2020|access-date=5 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313100744/https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/companies-markets/singapore-malls-foot-traffic-almost-back-to-normal-capitaland|archive-date=13 March 2020|language=en}}</ref> with some shops choosing to shorten their opening hours or face massive closures like [[Esprit Holdings]], [[Isetan]] Westgate, [[Liang Court]], [[I12 Katong]], [[H&M]] Tampines Mall, Topshop, [[Robinsons & Co.|Robinsons]] and Hotwind.<ref name="TNPFood">{{Cite news|last=Rosli|first=Tatiana Mohamad|url=https://www.tnp.sg/news/singapore/fb-sector-hit-hard-early-mall-closures-during-outbreak|title=F&B sector hit hard by early mall closures during outbreak|date=24 February 2020|access-date=5 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224162832/https://www.tnp.sg/news/singapore/fb-sector-hit-hard-early-mall-closures-during-outbreak|archive-date=24 February 2020|language=en}}</ref> Tenants are pushing landlords for rental rebates, citing significant drops in revenue.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/covid-19-coronavirus-mall-tenants-want-rental-rebates-12503198|title='If this goes on, I might quit': Mall tenants want rental rebates soon to counter COVID-19 hit|access-date=5 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305151303/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/covid-19-coronavirus-mall-tenants-want-rental-rebates-12503198|archive-date=5 March 2020|language=en}}</ref> Several malls and landlords including [[Jewel Changi Airport]] and [[CapitaLand]] have implemented rental rebates.<ref>{{cite news |last=Heng |first=Melissa |date=5 March 2020 |title=Coronavirus: CapitaLand to give 1,000 tenants rental rebates |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-capitaland-to-give-1000-tenants-rental-rebates |url-status=live |work=The Straits Times |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306221322/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-capitaland-to-give-1000-tenants-rental-rebates |archive-date=6 March 2020 |access-date=5 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Lim |first=Janice |date=13 February 2020 |title='Big collapse' of F&B businesses looms; landlords should slash rent like Jewel Changi Airport, say industry players |url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/covid-19-wuhan-virus-big-collapse-fb-businesses-looms-landlords-should-slash-rent-like-jewel-changi-airport |url-status=live |website=Today|location=Singapore |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314185410/https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/covid-19-wuhan-virus-big-collapse-fb-businesses-looms-landlords-should-slash-rent-like-jewel-changi-airport|archive-date=14 March 2020 |access-date=5 March 2020}}</ref> The [[National Environment Agency]] (NEA) has also implemented rent waivers and rebates for all stallholders in hawker centres operated by NEA or NEA-appointed operators.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/hawkers-month-rental-fees-waive-help-covid19-12499534|title=About 14,000 hawkers to get a month's worth of rental fees waived amid COVID-19 outbreak|access-date=5 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305163925/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/hawkers-month-rental-fees-waive-help-covid19-12499534|archive-date=5 March 2020|language=en}}</ref> According to CapitaLand in February 2020, foot traffic at malls were almost back to normal,<ref name="CapitalandTraffic"/> before being reduced in late-March to early-April 2020 due to social distancing restrictions and circuit breaker measures.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-crowds-thin-at-orchard-road-as-safe-distancing-measures-take-effect|title=Coronavirus: Crowds thin at Orchard Road as safe distancing measures take effect|last=hermesauto|date=28 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328152308/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-crowds-thin-at-orchard-road-as-safe-distancing-measures-take-effect|archive-date=28 March 2020|access-date=28 March 2020}}</ref> Retail sales fell during the COVID-19 pandemic from March to June, citing circuit breaker as a reason. The April and May figure was the worst since records began in 1986. However, retail sales reinstated gradually in July, August and September but the process was interrupted by public places visited by cases in the community. Foot traffic will again resume back to normal fully once Singapore moves to Phase 3. Retail sales and foot traffic again fell during Phase 2 (Heightened Alert) from 3 May 2021 to 14 June 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore retail sales plunge 40.5% in April amid COVID-19 circuit breaker measures|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/covid19-singapore-retail-sales-plunge-april-circuit-breaker-12807266|access-date=6 June 2020|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> In response to the government's lockdown measures, [[Suntec City]] announced that it would waive rent for all tenants for the month of April, May and June.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/suntec-city-waives-april-rent-for-tenants-covid-19-12614802|title=Suntec City waives April rent for all tenants amid enhanced 'circuit breaker' rules|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=6 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520021550/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/suntec-city-waives-april-rent-for-tenants-covid-19-12614802|archive-date=20 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> In addition, the [[Great Singapore Sale]] was moved online, called e-GSS.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tay |first1=Tiffany Fumiko |title=Great Singapore Sale cancelled this year amid Covid-19 outbreak |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/great-singapore-sale-cancelled-this-year-amid-covid-19-outbreak |website=The Straits Times |access-date=23 May 2020 |date=4 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523174915/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/great-singapore-sale-cancelled-this-year-amid-covid-19-outbreak |archive-date=23 May 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Panic buying and price gouging === Panic buying and price gouging of [[personal protective equipment]] (PPEs) such as masks began with the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Singapore on 23 January 2020.<ref name="Abdullah 2020" /> By 24 January, both N95 and surgical masks had run out at retail outlets.<ref name="CNA2401">{{cite web |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/wuhan-virus-n95-surgical-masks-run-out-at-retail-outlets-12323040 |title=N95, surgical masks run out at retail outlets; MOH assures public there is enough stock |website=CNA |language=en |access-date=5 March 2020 |date=24 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331173206/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/wuhan-virus-n95-surgical-masks-run-out-at-retail-outlets-12323040 |archive-date=31 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Ministry of Health assured the public that there were sufficient N95 and surgical masks in the event of a surge in demand.<ref name="CNA2401" /> This has prompted local retailers including [[NTUC FairPrice]], [[Watsons]] and [[Mannings|Guardian]] to originally impose limits, but had a surge in demand.<ref name="BIPanicBuying">{{cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.sg/which-outlet-has-stock-furious-netizens-are-slamming-watsons-guardian-and-ntuc-for-posting-about-surgical-mask-stocks-claiming-stores-have-totally-run-out |title='Which outlet has stock?': Furious netizens are slamming Watsons, Guardian and NTUC for posting about surgical mask stocks, claiming stores have totally run out |last=Chia |first=Rachel Genevieve |website=Business Insider Singapore |language=en-US |access-date=5 March 2020 |date=28 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312102319/https://www.businessinsider.sg/which-outlet-has-stock-furious-netizens-are-slamming-watsons-guardian-and-ntuc-for-posting-about-surgical-mask-stocks-claiming-stores-have-totally-run-out |archive-date=12 March 2020 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Several companies and areas have voluntarily made masks compulsory, with masks made mandatory by the government on 14 April. In addition, mask wearing is expected to stay place until an effective treatment or vaccine is fully developed.<ref>{{cite web|title=PM Lee Hsien Loong on the COVID-19 situation in Singapore on 3 April 2020|url=https://www.pmo.gov.sg/Newsroom/PM-Lee-Hsien-Loong-on-the-COVID19-situation-in-Singapore-on-3-April-2020|date=3 April 2020|website=PMO|access-date=4 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid19-wearing-masks-compulsory-lawrence-wong-12640828 |title=COVID-19: Compulsory to wear mask when leaving the house, says Lawrence Wong |last1=Ang |first1=Hwee Min |last2=Phua |first2=Rachel |date=14 April 2020 |website=CNA |language=en |access-date=14 April 2020}}</ref> The shortage of masks and other PPEs has caused many retailers to engage in profiteering by price gouging and scalping.<ref name="DeenExpress">{{cite web|title=Retailer Deen Express asked to explain high prices for masks: MTI|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/wuhan-virus-deen-express-mask-high-prices-carousell-lazada-qoo10-12371116|website=CNA|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130133026/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/wuhan-virus-deen-express-mask-high-prices-carousell-lazada-qoo10-12371116|archive-date=30 January 2020|access-date=30 January 2020}}</ref> This included both local brick-and-mortar stores as well as retailers on [[ecommerce platform]]s.<ref name="DeenExpress" /><ref name="BTProfiteering">{{cite web |url=https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/government-economy/singapore-retailers-e-commerce-platforms-asked-to-cooperate-in-stopping-mask |title=Singapore retailers, e-commerce platforms asked to cooperate in stopping mask profiteering |last=Heng |first=Janice |date=30 January 2020 |website=The Business Times |language=en |access-date=5 March 2020}}</ref> The government has applauded platforms [[Carousell (company)|Carousell]] and [[Qoo10]] for threatening to suspend profiteers.<ref name="BTProfiteering" /> The governmental [[price control]]ler has also issued warnings to retailers who engage in price gouging and requested information from e-commerce platforms on potential profiteers.<ref name="DeenExpress" /><ref name="3Stars">{{cite web |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/wuhan-virus-coronavirus-3-stars-mask-high-prices-12420598 |title=Retailer 3 Stars asked to explain high prices for masks following public complaints: MTI |website=CNA |language=en |access-date=5 March 2020 |date=11 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302174007/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/wuhan-virus-coronavirus-3-stars-mask-high-prices-12420598 |archive-date=2 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="STProfiteering">{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/authorities-crack-down-on-profiteering-by-mask-sellers|title=Wuhan virus: Authorities crack down on profiteering by mask sellers|last=Tay|first=Tiffany Fumioko|date=31 January 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=5 March 2020}}</ref> Panic buying and hoarding of essentials such as rice, instant noodles and toilet paper occurred with the raising of the DORSCON level from yellow to orange on 7 February 2020, with empty shelves at supermarkets within hours.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/wuhan-virus-coronavirus-groceries-supplies-ntuc-sheng-siong-12406906 |title=No need to rush for supplies, says Chan Chun Sing, amid reports of surge in demand |website=CNA |access-date=5 March 2020 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200208143949/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/wuhan-virus-coronavirus-groceries-supplies-ntuc-sheng-siong-12406906 |archive-date=8 February 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/enough-supply-essentials-govt-assures-sporeans-after-panic-buying-supermarkets |title=Enough supply of essentials, Govt assures S'poreans after panic buying at supermarkets |website=Today Online |access-date=5 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302174855/https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/enough-supply-essentials-govt-assures-sporeans-after-panic-buying-supermarkets |archive-date=2 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="STAmpleStock">{{Cite news|last=Ng|first=Michelle|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-ample-stock-in-singapore-no-need-to-hoard-fairprice-group-ceo|title=Coronavirus: Ample stock in Singapore, no need to hoard, says FairPrice group CEO|date=8 February 2020|access-date=5 March 2020|url-status=live|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307041412/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-ample-stock-in-singapore-no-need-to-hoard-fairprice-group-ceo|archive-date=7 March 2020}}</ref> Local supermarket chain NTUC FairPrice imposed limits on the amount of essentials each consumer can buy, with these limits initially set for paper products, rice products, instant noodle packets and vegetables.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jamrisko |first1=Michelle |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-02-08/singapore-pm-says-virus-response-major-test-as-hoarding-spikes |title=Singapore Grocery Chain Starts Limiting How Much People Can Buy |website=Bloomberg |date=8 February 2020 |access-date=5 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311215424/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-02-08/singapore-pm-says-virus-response-major-test-as-hoarding-spikes |archive-date=11 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> NTUC FairPrice and [[Dairy Farm International|Dairy Farm Singapore]] announced that it would introduce specific hours for those members of the community who were more vulnerable such as [[Pioneer Generation Package|Pioneer Generation]] members. Following the review, supermarkets are considered essential services, therefore there is no need to hoard items, it must be opened everyday.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-ntuc-fairprice-stores-priority-hour-shopping-12570956|title=COVID-19: Supermarkets launch dedicated shopping hours for 'vulnerable segments' of community|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=24 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324193637/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-ntuc-fairprice-stores-priority-hour-shopping-12570956|archive-date=24 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> A second wave of panic buying and hoarding occurred on 17 March when [[2020 Malaysia movement control order|Malaysia announced its lockdown]] from 18 March, sparked by fears of food shortages. The government has clarified that the flow of goods, cargo and food supplies between Singapore and Malaysia will continue, urging the public not to panic buy. They added that Singapore has diverse sources of essential goods and was not facing an immediate shortage of food or essentials.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gov.sg/article/covid-19-theres-no-need-to-rush-to-buy-essential-items |title=COVID-19: There's no need to rush to buy essential items |website=gov.sg |language=en |access-date=18 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318025235/https://www.gov.sg/article/covid-19-theres-no-need-to-rush-to-buy-essential-items |archive-date=18 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> NTUC FairPrice has expanded its list of items that are limited per consumer to include eggs, vegetables and poultry.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ang |first1=Hwee Min |title=Purchase limits imposed at FairPrice supermarkets on vegetables, rice, toilet paper and other products |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/ntuc-fairprice-purchase-limits-toilet-paper-rice-eggs-12545610 |website=CNA |access-date=17 March 2020 |date=17 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318020559/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/ntuc-fairprice-purchase-limits-toilet-paper-rice-eggs-12545610 |archive-date=18 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> 10 days later, NTUC FairPrice expanded its list to include canned food, cooking oil and frozen meat, with reduced purchasing limits for paper products.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Yong |first1=Clement |title=NTUC FairPrice lowers paper product limit, adds cooking oil, canned food, frozen poultry to shopping cap list |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/ntuc-fairprice-lowers-paper-product-limit-adds-cooking-oil-canned-food-frozen-poultry-to |website=The Straits Times |access-date=28 March 2020 |date=27 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327233310/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/ntuc-fairprice-lowers-paper-product-limit-adds-cooking-oil-canned-food-frozen-poultry-to |archive-date=27 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> To deal with the massive increase in online shopping orders, [[RedMart]] on 2 April said that it would prioritise daily essentials such as milk powder, flour, eggs and rice while limiting orders to 35 items and reducing its range of goods to focus on the essentials. It also said that it would stop taking orders until 4 April to implement additional measures.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-redmart-to-limit-orders-and-focus-on-essentials-as-online-grocery-orders-surge|title=Coronavirus: RedMart to limit orders and focus on essentials as online grocery orders surge |last=Heng |first=Melissa |date=2 April 2020 |website=The Straits Times |language=en |access-date=2 April 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404073023/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-redmart-to-limit-orders-and-focus-on-essentials-as-online-grocery-orders-surge |archive-date=4 April 2020}}</ref> Ahead of tighter measures on 7 April, shoppers queued at shopping malls despite government requests for people to remain at home.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-queues-at-malls-shoppers-prepare-for-closures-12609804|title=Long queues at some malls as shoppers rush to prepare for closure of schools and most workplaces|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=4 April 2020}}</ref> Egg distributors were reporting in June that they now had an oversupply of eggs and were throwing away supplies or culling laying stock.<ref>{{Cite web|last=hermesauto|date=19 June 2020|title=Coronavirus: Egg distributors struggling to deal with oversupply|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-egg-distributors-struggling-to-deal-with-oversupply|access-date=21 June 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> === Religious services and weddings === Even when DORSCON was raised to Orange on 7 February, several religious events still took place. One of them was the [[Thaipusam]] procession, which took several precautions like temperature taking and the provision of hand sanitizers and masks to assure devotees.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Goh |first1=Yan Han |title=Coronavirus: Thermal scanners, extra hand washing points for Thaipusam procession in Singapore |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/thermal-scanners-extra-hand-washing-points-for-thaipusam-devotees-amid-coronavirus |website=The Straits Times |access-date=11 May 2020 |date=7 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418035809/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/thermal-scanners-extra-hand-washing-points-for-thaipusam-devotees-amid-coronavirus |archive-date=18 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> The event ended up attracting 11,500 people, the highest turnout since 2013.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ang |first1=Yiying |title=Devotees turn up for Thaipusam procession, temples take extra measures |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/devotees-turn-up-for-thaipusam-procession-temples-take-extra-measures |website=The Straits Times |access-date=11 May 2020 |date=8 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302174739/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/devotees-turn-up-for-thaipusam-procession-temples-take-extra-measures |archive-date=2 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Another was the Lantern Festival event in Loyang, which attracted half the usual turnout to about 3,000 people.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Goh |first1=Yan Han |title=Coronavirus: Turnout halved to about 3,000 at Lantern Festival celebrations at Loyang temple |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-turnout-halved-at-lantern-festival-celebrations-at-loyang-temple-about-3000 |website=The Straits Times |access-date=11 May 2020 |date=7 February 2020}}</ref> As some of the first cases were found in Christian gatherings at Life Church and Mission and Grace Assembly of God, connected to Chinese New Year celebrations,<ref name="first-cases"/> Singaporean churches tended to be quick to respond to government advisory and suspend in-person church activities and move things online. Some churches, such as [[New Creation Church]] already had a fairly sophisticated digital presence and could easily stream services online. Protestant churches also had divided positions as to whether or not to permit online communion.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chow |first1=Alexander |last2=Kurlberg |first2=Jonas |author1-link=Alexander Chow |title=Two or Three Gathered Online: Asian and European Responses to COVID-19 and the Digital Church |journal=Studies in World Christianity |date=November 2020 |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=298–318 |doi=10.3366/swc.2020.0311|url=https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/files/154775219/ChowKurlberg2020SWCTwoorThreeGatheredOnline.pdf }}</ref> The [[Catholic Church in Singapore]] announced that it was suspending masses indefinitely from noon of 15 February.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-catholic-church-to-suspend-mass-indefinitely-advises-events-to-be-suspended|title=Coronavirus: Catholic Church to suspend mass indefinitely, advises public events to be suspended too|last1=Baharudin|first1=Hariz|date=14 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301220716/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-catholic-church-to-suspend-mass-indefinitely-advises-events-to-be-suspended|archive-date=1 March 2020|access-date=6 March 2020}}</ref> They were set to resume on 14 March,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/coronavirus-catholic-church-resume-mass-precautionary-measures-12505794|title=Catholic Church to resume mass, puts necessary COVID-19 precautionary measures in place|date=5 March 2020|website=CNA|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306155900/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/coronavirus-catholic-church-resume-mass-precautionary-measures-12505794|archive-date=6 March 2020|access-date=6 March 2020}}</ref> but continue to be indefinitely suspended in light of the [[World Health Organization]] declaring a pandemic.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-catholic-church-masses-archbishop-12531864|title=COVID-19: Catholic masses to remain suspended, says Archbishop of Singapore|date=12 March 2020|website=CNA|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312224036/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-catholic-church-masses-archbishop-12531864|archive-date=12 March 2020|access-date=12 March 2020}}</ref> The [[Islamic Religious Council of Singapore]] has asked Muslims to take precautions to maintain personal hygiene while the Singapore Buddhist Federation advised temples to cancel activities.<ref name="BIReligion">{{Cite news|last=Chia|first=Rachel Genevieve|url=https://www.businessinsider.sg/livestreams-airport-scanners-and-personal-mats-among-religious-measures-after-2-churches-hit-by-coronavirus|title=Event cancellations and livestreaming announced by religious sites after virus cases linked to churches hits 23, Business Insider – Business Insider Singapore|access-date=6 March 2020|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213151117/https://www.businessinsider.sg/livestreams-airport-scanners-and-personal-mats-among-religious-measures-after-2-churches-hit-by-coronavirus/|archive-date=13 February 2020|language=en-US}}</ref> Some churches have opted to suspend services, live streaming them instead. Religious institutions have stepped up disinfection procedures.<ref name="BIReligion"/> On 12 March, the Islamic Religious Council of Singapore announced the closure of all mosques for five days from 13 March for disinfection, coming after two people were infected from a gathering in Malaysia. Prayers were cancelled on 13 March, with activities stopped until 27 March.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/all-mosques-here-to-be-closed-for-five-days-for-cleaning-friday-prayers-cancelled|title=All mosques here to be closed for five days for cleaning, Friday prayers cancelled|last1=Baharudin|first1=Hariz|date=12 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313224405/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/all-mosques-here-to-be-closed-for-five-days-for-cleaning-friday-prayers-cancelled|archive-date=13 March 2020|access-date=12 March 2020}}</ref> The closure of mosques is extended until further notice.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-all-singapore-mosques-to-be-closed-until-further-notice-given-higher-risk-of|title=All Singapore mosques to be closed until further notice given higher risk of community spread|last1=Baharudin|first1=Hariz|date=24 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313224405/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/all-mosques-here-to-be-closed-for-five-days-for-cleaning-friday-prayers-cancelled|archive-date=13 March 2020}}</ref> Hindu Temples and Sikh Temples also recorded a drop in the attendance. Hindu temples in Singapore have stepped up precautionary measures such as checking temperature of the visitors. Some Hindu temples have put measures to provide live streaming of [[puja (Hinduism)|puja]] for devotees. Some Sikh Temples had to suspend their [[Langar (Sikhism)|langar services]]. However, five private temple were providing langar on a smaller scale. Most processions were also cancelled.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/covid-19-and-religious-worship-in-singapore-attendance-at-hindu-sikh-temples-drop|title=Coronavirus and religious worship in Singapore: Attendance at Hindu, Sikh temples drop|date=21 March 2020|work=The Straits Times|access-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322045242/https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/covid-19-and-religious-worship-in-singapore-attendance-at-hindu-sikh-temples-drop|archive-date=22 March 2020|language=en}}</ref> Wedding ceremonies were also adversely affected by COVID-19. During the circuit-breaker period, all wedding ceremonies were suspended. This only resumed in phase 1 in a very controlled manner with weddings only able to be done in person at the Registry of Marriages, or at home with no more than 10 persons present. This number was increased to 50 persons in phase 2, and 100 in phase 3; on 24 March, MOH announced that the limit would be further increased from 100 to 250 for solemnisations and receptions from 24 April onwards, with pre-event testing in place.<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 March 2021|title=Expansion of Vaccination Programme: Further Easing of Community Measures|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/expansion-of-vaccination-programme-further-easing-of-community-measures|access-date=25 March 2021|website=moh.gov.sg}}</ref> === Transportation === Taxi and private hire vehicles were hit by the impact of COVID-19. A S$77&nbsp;million package was provided to help them tide through this period, co-funded by the [[Government of Singapore|Government]], taxi and private-hire companies. In addition, a S$2.7&nbsp;million fund was set up by the [[Government of Singapore|Government]] and [[National Trades Union Congress]] (NTUC) for drivers who are not eligible.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/coronavirus-77-million-package-to-help-taxi-private-hire-drivers|title=Coronavirus: $77 million package to help taxi, private-hire drivers|last1=Tan|first1=Christopher|date=13 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303182200/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/coronavirus-77-million-package-to-help-taxi-private-hire-drivers|archive-date=3 March 2020|access-date=2 April 2020}}</ref> In view of the worsening coronavirus impact, the package will be enhanced from May 2020, extending until September 2020. This will cost an additional $95&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/taxi-private-hire-car-drivers-to-get-more-help-amid-covid-19-outbreak|title=Taxi, private-hire car drivers to get more help amid Covid-19 outbreak|last1=Tan|first1=Christopher|date=26 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328192057/https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/taxi-private-hire-car-drivers-to-get-more-help-amid-covid-19-outbreak|archive-date=28 March 2020|access-date=2 April 2020}}</ref> On 6 April, directors of the ComfortDelGro Group ([[ComfortDelGro]], [[SBS Transit]] and VICOM) announced its board of directors would take a voluntary 20 per cent cut in directors' fees until the end of 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/covid-19-comfortdelgro-board-management-pay-cut-salary-12614336|title=ComfortDelGro board, top management to take pay cuts amid COVID-19 outbreak|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=6 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520021804/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/covid-19-comfortdelgro-board-management-pay-cut-salary-12614336|archive-date=20 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Various banks have suggested that Singapore Airlines will have a loss in FY21, with [[OCBC Bank|OCBC]] credit analysts Ezien Hoo and Wong Hong Wei arguing that the airline will have to tap the markets for more funds and possibly even need state support.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/companies-markets/sia-expected-to-seek-external-funding-fy21-could-see-s13b-loss-as-covid-19-kills|title=SIA expected to seek external funding; FY21 could see S$1.3b loss as Covid-19 kills off air travel|last=Ramchandani|first=Nisha|date=20 March 2020|website=The Business Times|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322085526/https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/companies-markets/sia-expected-to-seek-external-funding-fy21-could-see-s13b-loss-as-covid-19-kills|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=22 March 2020}}</ref> [[Singapore Airlines]], [[SilkAir]] and [[Scoot]] have announced plans to slash their capacity. Singapore Airlines slashed nearly all of the capacity until August. The news resulted in STI crashing down by 164.63 (6.83%). Scoot will ground 47 out of the 49 planes they have in their fleet.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/covid-19-singapore-airlines-suspend-flights-coronavirus-12566248|title=COVID-19: Singapore Airlines slashes 96% of capacity, grounds most planes|work=CNA|access-date=23 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323014843/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/covid-19-singapore-airlines-suspend-flights-coronavirus-12566248|archive-date=23 March 2020|language=en}}</ref> It was reported on 27 March 2020, SIA received a rescue package of S$19&nbsp;billion to get over the difficult period.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|date=27 March 2020|title=Singapore Airlines obtains $13 billion rescue package amid coronavirus shock|language=en|agency=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-singapore-air-tema-idUSKBN21D3AE|access-date=13 April 2020}}</ref> Its major shareholder Temasek Holdings will underwrite the package which contains S$5.3&nbsp;billion equity and S$9.7&nbsp;billion convertible note.<ref name=":02" /> Singapore's biggest bank DBS will also lend it S$4&nbsp;billion to help it get over the crisis and position itself for expansion.<ref name=":02" /> With the significant reduction in flights, Singapore Airlines agreed to provide some 300 staff to help with possible manpower shortages at hospitals in Singapore and provided some staff to deal with transport ambassadors.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-singapore-airlines-care-ambassadors-hospital-manpower-12608118|title=COVID-19: Singapore Airlines to provide 300 'care ambassadors' to fill manpower gap at hospitals|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=3 April 2020}}</ref> It was announced that the airline would consolidate all their [[Singapore Changi Airport|Changi Airport]] operations from 1 May 2020 to Terminal 3.<ref>{{Cite web|last=hermesauto|date=6 April 2020|title=Parliament: Changi Airport T2 operations to be suspended for 18 months amid coronavirus outbreak|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/operations-at-changi-airport-t2-to-be-suspended-for-18-months-amid-coronavirus-outbreak|access-date=6 April 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> On 14 May 2020, Singapore Airlines announced a full year loss for Financial Year 2019/2020 of S$212&nbsp;million, this was the first loss in its 48 years of operation.<ref>{{cite press release |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Full Year Loss As Covid-19 Crippled Travel Demand in Fourth Quarter |url=https://www.singaporeair.com/saar5/pdf/Investor-Relations/Financial-Results/News-Release/nr-q4fy1920.pdf |publisher=Singapore Airlines |date=14 May 2020 |access-date=6 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore Airlines posts first annual net loss in 48-year history after COVID-19 cripples demand|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/singapore-airlines-sia-q4-full-year-results-covid-19-coronavirus-12732134|access-date=15 May 2020|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> On 1 September 2020, Singapore Airlines have announced to reinstate several destinations that have opened up travel such as Bandar Seri Begawan, Auckland, Christchurch, Taipei, Hong Kong, Macau, Hanoi, Brisbane, Perth and Sydney. For airlines, regulations for social distancing are not applicable to save costs. Mask wearing continues to be mandatory and airlines will upgrade their apps to include contact tracing. Overnight flights will also be re-introduced which allows even quieter rides.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore Airlines, SilkAir reinstate flights for some destinations in June and July|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/covid19-singapore-airlines-sia-silkair-reinstate-some-flights-12792872|access-date=1 June 2020|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> On 25 June [[Jetstar Asia Airways]] announced that it was cutting up to 180 people, almost a quarter of the workforce in Singapore. At the same time they would allow the retirement of five of their A320 fleet, bringing the total down to 13.<ref>{{Cite web|last=hermesauto|date=25 June 2020|title=Singapore budget carrier Jetstar Asia to cut a quarter of its workforce|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/budget-carrier-jetstar-asia-to-cut-a-quarter-of-its-mainly-singaporean-workforce|access-date=25 June 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> The Land Transport Authority announced that all [[certificate of entitlement]] (COE) bidding for the month of April would be suspended.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lta.gov.sg/content/ltagov/en/industry_innovations/industry_matters/LTA%27s%20Measures%20for%20COVID-19.html|title=LTA {{!}} Industry & Innovations {{!}} Industry Matters {{!}} LTA's Measures for COVID-19|date=5 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200405074114/https://www.lta.gov.sg/content/ltagov/en/industry_innovations/industry_matters/LTA%27s%20Measures%20for%20COVID-19.html|archive-date=5 April 2020|access-date=5 April 2020}}</ref> Transport services were gradually reduced in stages. Last train timings were brought forward to early, and transport frequencies were remained to allow safe distancing. Measures also involve imposition of queuing at station exit points. Cross-border bus services 160 and 170 were amended to serve only local sectors of its route, while Cross-border services 170X and 950 were suspended in lieu of Malaysia's Movement Control Order.<ref name="sgmybussuspension">{{cite news |last=Toh |first=Ting Wei |date=17 March 2020 |title=Coronavirus: Bus services 170X and 950 suspended till 31 March, other services halt Malaysia legs ahead of lockdown |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/bus-services-170x-and-950-suspended-till-march-31-other-services-halt-malaysia |url-status=live |work=The Straits Times |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318235814/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/bus-services-170x-and-950-suspended-till-march-31-other-services-halt-malaysia |archive-date=18 March 2020 |access-date=22 March 2020}}</ref> All City Direct, Chinatown Direct, NightRider, NiteOwl and Express bus services were temporarily suspended in tranches from 8 April 2020 until 1 June 2020, with the exception of Express 89e which was reinstated on 24 April 2020 to better serve essential workers at the Changi Airfreight Centre, and all bus services resumed on 2 June 2020 with the exception of services 188R, 401, 926, 963R, Chinatown Direct and all night services; the latter is due to low demand. Train and bus services are no longer extended except for New Year's Eve whereby last train departs City Hall at 1.15&nbsp;am.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/mrt-train-operating-hours-bus-services-suspended-covid-19-lta-12640448|title=MRT trains to run less frequently, some bus services will be suspended amid COVID-19 circuit breaker period|work=CNA|language=en|access-date=14 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418045926/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/mrt-train-operating-hours-bus-services-suspended-covid-19-lta-12640448|archive-date=18 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://mothership.sg/2020/04/sbs-transit-suspends-bus-services-covid-19/|title=SBS Transit suspends 20 bus services from 8 April to 4 May 2020|work=mothership.sg|language=en|access-date=14 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409230105/https://mothership.sg/2020/04/sbs-transit-suspends-bus-services-covid-19/|archive-date=9 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The quarantine and testing of all foreign workers in dormitories has caused delays in the construction of various MRT projects, including the delay of the [[Thomson–East Coast MRT line|Thomson–East Coast line's]] Stage 2 opening to early 2021. The LTA has been yet to fully assess the length of delays on the other stages of the line and of other MRT projects.<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 September 2020|title=Second stage of Thomson-East Coast Line to open early 2021 after delays due to COVID-19: Ong Ye Kung|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-second-stage-of-tel-to-open-early-2021-delay-13083284|access-date=5 September 2020|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> === Scams === Several parties have engaged in scams related to the pandemic. For instance, scammers have pretended to be MOH officials engaging in contact tracing.<ref name="STContactTracing">{{Cite news|last=Lai|first=Linette|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/government-agencies-will-not-ask-for-financial-details-for-coronavirus-contact-tracing-moh|title=Government agencies will not ask for financial details for coronavirus contact tracing: MOH, police|date=8 February 2020|access-date=5 March 2020|url-status=live|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200208174849/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/government-agencies-will-not-ask-for-financial-details-for-coronavirus-contact-tracing-moh|archive-date=8 February 2020}}</ref> The MOH and [[Singapore Police Force|police]] clarified that no financial details or transfer of money will be requested during contact tracing.<ref name="CNBCScam">{{Cite news |last=Tan |first=Huileng |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/02/14/coronavirus-singapore-warns-of-scammers-taking-advantage-of-fears.html |title='Beware of scammers': Singapore warns of crooks trying to take advantage of coronavirus fears |date=14 February 2020 |access-date=5 March 2020 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302070955/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/02/14/coronavirus-singapore-warns-of-scammers-taking-advantage-of-fears.html |archive-date=2 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> The police have also arrested scammers on e-commerce platform Carousell.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/courts-crime/coronavirus-5-people-arrested-for-allegedly-cheating-customers-over-face |title=Coronavirus: 5 people arrested for allegedly cheating customers over face masks sold on Carousell |date=18 February 2020 |work=The Straits Times |access-date=5 March 2020 |url-status=live |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220040021/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/courts-crime/coronavirus-5-people-arrested-for-allegedly-cheating-customers-over-face|archive-date=20 February 2020}}</ref> On 4 April, [[Singapore Police Force|SPF]] announced that they had arrested a man for suspected money-laundering offences in relation to a COVID-19 linked scam which saw an overseas pharmaceutical company defrauded to the tune of €6.636&nbsp;million (S$10.3&nbsp;million) over the purchase of surgical masks and hand sanitisers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/courts-crime/man-arrested-for-money-laundering-offences-linked-to-103-million-covid-19|title=Man arrested for money-laundering offences linked to $10.3 million Covid-19-related scam|last=hermesauto|date=4 April 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=5 April 2020}}</ref> The [[Ministry of Social and Family Development]] (MSF) and SPF were investigating possible abuses of the COVID-19 Temporary Relief Fund (TRF), which is supposed to provide financial assistance to those eligible.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/police-investigating-claims-fraud-involving-covid-19-relief-12635554|title=Police investigating after man posts online about abusing COVID-19 Temporary Relief Fund|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=12 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412145245/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/police-investigating-claims-fraud-involving-covid-19-relief-12635554|archive-date=12 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> There were cases of scammers impersonating the [[Ministry of Public Security (China)|Chinese police force]] asking for many personal details. A total of 394 COVID-19-related scams occurred between January and April, with losses totalling S$1.4&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 June 2020|title=Close to 400 Covid-19-related scams reported, S$1.4 million cheated from January to April|url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/close-400-covid-19-related-scams-reported-s14-million-cheated-january-april|access-date=8 September 2020|website=Today|location=Singapore}}</ref> There have also been false rumours of National Environment Agency and police officers actively checking residential units to ensure that people were complying with circuit breaker rules.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus: Police dismiss rumour of officers, NEA personnel visiting homes to enforce circuit breaker rules|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-police-dismiss-another-rumour-circulating-online|last=hermesauto|date=10 May 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=11 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511092926/http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-police-dismiss-another-rumour-circulating-online|archive-date=11 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Vaccination === {{Excerpt|COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore#Background}} == International relations == === Stranded Malaysia-based workers === On 16 March, the Malaysian government announced a [[2020 Malaysia movement control order|movement control order]] (MCO) that took effect on 18 March, preventing Malaysians from leaving the country.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2020/03/16/pm-malaysia-in-lockdown-from-wed-until-march-31-all-shops-closed-except-for/1847204|title=PM: Malaysia under movement control order from Wed until 31 March, all shops closed except for essential services|last=Bunyan|first=John|date=16 March 2020|work=The Malay Mail|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316160541/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2020/03/16/pm-malaysia-in-lockdown-from-wed-until-march-31-all-shops-closed-except-for/1847204|archive-date=16 March 2020|access-date=16 March 2020}}</ref> With approximately 300,000 Malaysians, or almost a tenth of Singapore's labour force working in Singapore, the MCO would have been expected to significantly affect Singapore's economy, including sectors providing essential services.<ref name="BloombergMalaysiaLockdown">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-17/singapore-faces-bigger-contraction-as-malaysia-shuts-borders|title=Singapore Faces Bigger Contraction as Malaysia Shuts Borders|date=17 March 2020|work=Bloomberg|access-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318171827/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-17/singapore-faces-bigger-contraction-as-malaysia-shuts-borders|archive-date=18 March 2020}}</ref> The MCO caused long queues at immigration checkpoints as Malaysian workers in Singapore scrambled to collect their belongings and return to Singapore, while Singaporeans returned home.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/mad-rush-for-malaysian-workers-to-go-home-in-johor-baru-and-return-to-spore|title=Coronavirus: Mad rush for Malaysian workers to go home to Johor Baru and then return to S'pore|date=17 March 2020|access-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317191822/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/mad-rush-for-malaysian-workers-to-go-home-in-johor-baru-and-return-to-spore|archive-date=17 March 2020|language=en}}</ref> Various firms across Singapore rushed to find temporary accommodation for their workers before the MCO took effect.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid19-companies-scramble-house-malaysians-travel-restrictions-12548642|title=Singapore firms rush to house Malaysian workers before COVID-19 travel restrictions kick in|date=17 March 2020|access-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318010118/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid19-companies-scramble-house-malaysians-travel-restrictions-12548642|archive-date=18 March 2020|language=en}}</ref> The Singapore government advised workers to try to stay with relatives, friends, and colleagues, and seek housing in hotels, dormitories and rental flats if this was not possible.<ref name="MOMLockdown">{{Cite news|url=https://www.mom.gov.sg/newsroom/press-releases/2020/0317-accommodating-workers-affected-by-lockdown-in-malaysia|title=Accommodating Workers Affected By Lockdown in Malaysia|date=17 March 2020|access-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318010109/https://www.mom.gov.sg/newsroom/press-releases/2020/0317-accommodating-workers-affected-by-lockdown-in-malaysia|archive-date=18 March 2020|language=en}}</ref> The government also provided $50 for each worker per day, up to 14 days to support employers finding accommodation.<ref name="TODAYLockdown">{{Cite news|url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/malaysia-lockdown-about-10000-malaysian-workers-matched-temporary-housing-says-josephine|title=Malaysia lockdown: About 10,000 Malaysian workers matched with temporary housing, says Josephine Teo|date=17 March 2020|access-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318010105/https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/malaysia-lockdown-about-10000-malaysian-workers-matched-temporary-housing-says-josephine|archive-date=18 March 2020}}</ref> As of 17 March, the government announced that 10,000 Malaysian workers had been matched with temporary housing.<ref name="TODAYLockdown" /> Some workers could not immediately find accommodations and resorted to sleeping in public areas.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/no-place-stay-some-malaysian-workers-sleeping-rough-near-kranji-mrt-station|title=With no place to stay, some Malaysian workers sleeping rough near Kranji MRT Station|website=Today|location=Singapore|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320030842/https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/no-place-stay-some-malaysian-workers-sleeping-rough-near-kranji-mrt-station|archive-date=20 March 2020|access-date=20 March 2020}}</ref> In response, [[Ministry of Social and Family Development]] repurposed Jurong East Sports Hall into a temporary relief area for remaining Malaysian workers who were unable to find temporary accommodations immediately after the MCO took effect, while the [[Ministry of Manpower (Singapore)|Ministry of Manpower]] stepped up patrols to look out for such stranded workers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/manpower/mom-police-step-up-patrols-to-check-for-stranded-malaysian-workers|title=MOM, police step up patrols to check for stranded Malaysian workers|last=hermesauto|date=19 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320030845/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/manpower/mom-police-step-up-patrols-to-check-for-stranded-malaysian-workers|archive-date=20 March 2020|access-date=20 March 2020}}</ref> A number of residents also stepped up to offer their spare rooms to accommodate Malaysian workers at little to no cost.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/sporeans-offer-help-malaysian-workers-without-accommodation-spore-authorities-step-patrols|title=S'poreans offer to house stranded Malaysian workers, as S'pore authorities step up patrols to look out for them|website=Today|location=Singapore|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320030841/https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/sporeans-offer-help-malaysian-workers-without-accommodation-spore-authorities-step-patrols|archive-date=20 March 2020|access-date=20 March 2020}}</ref> The MCO resulted in suspension of all bus services between [[Johor Bahru]] and Singapore.<ref name="sgmybussuspension"/> While the [[KTM Intercity|KTMB Shuttle Tebrau]] train service continues to operate between the two checkpoints, only citizens returning to their respective countries are allowed to board.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2020/03/575530/ktm-enforces-restrictive-movement-order-passengers-train-services |title=KTM enforces restrictive movement order on passengers, train services |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=17 March 2020 |website=New Straits Times |language=en |access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref> The lockdown also sparked fears of food shortages, triggering a second wave of panic buying and hoarding of essential items. On 26 April, Malaysia announced that Malaysians wanting to return to Malaysia will need to obtain permits from the Malaysian High Commission in Singapore. However, only 400 of such permits will be issued daily.<ref>{{cite news |title=Malaysians returning from Singapore will need an entry permit, only 400 allowed to return daily |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/from-monday-malaysians-seeking-return-from-singapore-will-need-an-entry-permit |work=The Straits Times |date=26 April 2020 |language=en |access-date=27 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200427022158/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/from-monday-malaysians-seeking-return-from-singapore-will-need-an-entry-permit |archive-date=27 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Border controls and operations === Singapore began to restrict travellers from entering from 29 January in a progressive manner as a response to localised outbreaks. Travelers from [[Hubei]] were banned from entering Singapore on 29 January with all forms of visas held by Hubei residents being suspended immediately on the same day.<ref>{{cite web|title=Wuhan virus: 2 new confirmed cases in Singapore, bringing total to 7; no entry or transit for new visitors from Hubei|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/wuhan-virus-7-confirmed-cases-in-singapore-no-entry-or-transit-for-new-visitors-with-hubei|last1=Chang|first1=Ai-Lien|last2=Khalik|first2=Salma|date=28 January 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128094942/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/wuhan-virus-7-confirmed-cases-in-singapore-no-entry-or-transit-for-new-visitors-with-hubei|archive-date=28 January 2020|access-date=17 February 2020|last3=Goh|first3=Timothy}}</ref> Any traveller who had travelled to mainland China 14 days prior to 1 February was also banned from entering Singapore. Chinese passport holders were allowed entry on the condition they can prove they did not visit China recently. At the same time, on 1 February, all forms of visas for Chinese travellers were suspended immediately.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Chang |first1=Ai-Lien |last2=Goh |first2=Timothy |last3=Aw |first3=Cheng Wei |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/wuhan-virus-visitors-with-recent-travel-history-to-china-not-allowed-entry-or-transit-to |title=Wuhan virus: Visitors with recent travel history to China not allowed to enter or transit in Singapore |website=The Straits Times |access-date=13 May 2020 |date=31 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200427133321/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/wuhan-virus-visitors-with-recent-travel-history-to-china-not-allowed-entry-or-transit-to |archive-date=27 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> When there was a large increase in the number of cases in [[Cheongdo County|Cheongdo]] and [[Daegu]], South Korea, visitors arriving from these two areas were restricted from entering Singapore, as well, from 26 February.<ref>{{cite web|title=Singapore to bar visitors from Cheongdo and Daegu amid rise in coronavirus cases in South Korea|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/singapore-to-bar-visitors-from-cheongdo-and-daegu-amid-rise-in-coronavirus-cases-in|last1=Goh|first1=Timothy|last2=Khalik|first2=Salma|date=25 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225143709/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/singapore-to-bar-visitors-from-cheongdo-and-daegu-amid-rise-in-coronavirus-cases-in|archive-date=25 February 2020|access-date=25 February 2020|last3=Kaur|first3=Karamjit}}</ref> By March, visitors arriving from other territories or countries, such as, South Korea, Iran, Italy, France, Spain, and Germany were banned.<ref>{{cite web|title=Coronavirus: Recent travellers to S. Korea, northern Italy and Iran barred from S'pore; testing for all symptomatic travellers at entry|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/coronavirus-recent-travellers-to-s-korea-northern-italy-and-iran-barred-from-spore|last1=Kurohi|first1=Rei|last2=Goh|first2=Timothy|date=3 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|access-date=3 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=S'poreans advised to review March school holiday plans amid Covid-19 outbreak|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/sporeans-advised-to-review-march-school-holiday-plans-amid-covid-19-outbreak|last1=Goh|first1=Yan Han|date=13 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|access-date=9 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403114232/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/sporeans-advised-to-review-march-school-holiday-plans-amid-covid-19-outbreak|archive-date=3 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Port calls for all cruise vessels were stopped from 13 March as well.<ref>{{cite web|title=Covid-19: Singapore imposes entry ban on new visitors from Italy, France, Spain, Germany|url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/covid-19-singapore-imposes-entry-ban-new-visitors-italy-france-spain-germany|last1=Nabilah|first1=Awang|date=15 March 2020|website=TODAY|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314175839/https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/covid-19-singapore-imposes-entry-ban-new-visitors-italy-france-spain-germany|archive-date=14 March 2020|access-date=13 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Covid-19: S'pore rolls out more measures including limiting, where possible, size of gatherings to 250 people; workplace distancing|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/covid-19-singapore-rolls-out-more-measures-including-limiting-where-possible-the|last1=Toh|first1=Ting Wei|last2=Khalik|first2=Salma|date=13 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref> One of the earliest recorded travel advisory on travelling to or from Singapore issued by other countries, was United Kingdom, on 24 January 2020. It encouraged its subjects to self-isolate and quarantine after returning from Singapore.<ref name=":15">{{Cite web|date=25 March 2020|title=COVID 19 – Travel Advisories (As at 25 March 2020)|url=https://www.lawsociety.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/COVID-19-Travel-Advisories-as-of-25-Mar-2020.pdf|website=Law Society Singapore}}</ref> Other countries such as Britain, Indonesia, Indonesia soon began to issue their own travel advisories, with language generally advising their citizens to avoid unnecessary or non-essential travel to Singapore. By 20 March 2020, there were at least 14 countries with travel advisories against Singapore, either specifically or as part of a general travel restriction on their citizens.<ref name=":15" /> As the number countries with travel advisories rapidly expanded, the travel restrictions have been broadly categorised into:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Check on travel restrictions before you fly overseas during this COVID-19 period|url=http://www.gov.sg/article/check-on-travel-restrictions-before-you-fly-overseas-during-this-covid-19-period|access-date=25 December 2020|website=gov.sg|language=en}}</ref> # Deny entry – where countries would deny entry to travellers who have been in or transiting through Singapore in the last 14 days; # Allow entry, subjected to self-isolation/quarantine – where countries would allow entry, but subject travellers to either 14-day self-isolation or quarantine regime; # Allow entry upon medical screening clearance – where countries would allow unrestricted entry after clearing required medical screenings such as temperature checks and/or swab tests. From 17 March, Singapore required all visitors who had travelled 14 days prior to [[ASEAN]] countries, Japan, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom to be served with a 14-day Stay Home Notice, with ASEAN travellers required to seek approval before entering Singapore. However, this requirement was waived for Singapore's sea and land crossings with Malaysia as it was deemed too disruptive to the 200,000 people who use the crossings on a daily basis.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore travel restrictions: Special exemption for Msia {{!}} New Straits Times|url=https://www.nst.com.my/world/world/2020/03/574879/singapore-travel-restrictions-special-exemption-msia|last=Bernama|date=15 March 2020|website=NST Online|language=en|access-date=24 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319030300/https://www.nst.com.my/world/world/2020/03/574879/singapore-travel-restrictions-special-exemption-msia|archive-date=19 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=COVID-19: Stay-home notices for all travellers entering Singapore from ASEAN countries, Japan, UK, Switzerland|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/coronavirus-covid-19-singapore-malaysia-asean-stay-home-notice-12539952|last1=Low|first1=Zoey|last2=Co|first2=Cindy|date=15 March 2020|website=CNA|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316145548/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/coronavirus-covid-19-singapore-malaysia-asean-stay-home-notice-12539952|archive-date=16 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref> This exemption was short-lived as the Malaysian government would soon implement a [[2020 Malaysia movement control order|movement control order]] that would take effect from 18 March, preventing Malaysians from leaving and most foreigners from entering the country.<ref name=":1" /> Singapore authorities and businesses quickly made arrangements to secure alternate living accommodations in Singapore for workers living in Malaysia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arrangements being made for Malaysian workers who slept at Kranji MRT station after travel restrictions kicked in|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/arrangements-being-made-for-malaysian-workers-who-slept-at-12556602|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=24 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320145017/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/arrangements-being-made-for-malaysian-workers-who-slept-at-12556602|archive-date=20 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore temporary housing support won't be extended beyond 31 March {{!}} New Straits Times|url=https://www.nst.com.my/world/world/2020/03/578163/singapore-temporary-housing-support-wont-be-extended-beyond-march-31|last=Bernama|date=25 March 2020|website=NST Online|language=en|access-date=24 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326161046/https://www.nst.com.my/world/world/2020/03/578163/singapore-temporary-housing-support-wont-be-extended-beyond-march-31|archive-date=26 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Extended MCO: Singpost continues to offer accommodation to Malaysian workers|url=https://www.bernama.com/en/general/news_covid-19.php?id=1826636|last=BERNAMA|date=30 March 2020|agency=Bernama|language=en|access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> Both Singapore and Malaysia authorities quickly worked to ensure that the essential goods could still cross the two land checkpoints,<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 March 2020|title=Azmin: Malaysia assures Singapore of flow of essential goods amid Covid-19 shutdown {{!}} Malay Mail|url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2020/03/18/azmin-malaysia-assures-singapore-of-flow-of-essential-goods-amid-covid-19-s/1847834|access-date=27 October 2020|website=The Malay Mail|language=en}}</ref> with further fine-tuning of transportation arrangement being subsequently conducted as there were still confusion by some of the supplying companies in Malaysia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2020/03/28/mco-companies-delivering-goods-to-s039pore-should-apply-to-transport-ministry|title=MCO: Companies delivering goods to S'pore should apply to Transport Ministry {{!}} The Star Online|website=The Star|location=Malaysia|access-date=16 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329234614/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2020/03/28/mco-companies-delivering-goods-to-s039pore-should-apply-to-transport-ministry|archive-date=29 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2020/03/21/firms-want-clear-directive-on-cargo-supply-to-spore|title=Firms want clear directive on cargo supply to Singapore {{!}} The Star Online|website=The Star|location=Malaysia|access-date=16 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501073307/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2020/03/21/firms-want-clear-directive-on-cargo-supply-to-spore|archive-date=1 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Singapore banned all short-term visitors arriving or transiting through Singapore from 23 March onwards, with only people in essential services like healthcare and transport allowed entry during this time.<ref name=":2">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus: All short-term visitors barred from entering and transiting in Singapore from Monday, 11.59pm|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/coronavirus-all-short-term-visitors-barred-from-entering-and-transiting-in|last1=Toh|first1=Ting Wei|date=22 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322034407/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/coronavirus-all-short-term-visitors-barred-from-entering-and-transiting-in|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=22 March 2020}}</ref> Due to the reduced number of flights, [[Singapore Changi Airport]] suspended operations at Terminals 2 and 4 in April and May 2020 respectively. The suspension of Terminal 2 would also bring forward the renovation plans that the airport has for it, while Terminal 4 would remain suspended indefinitely until the demand for flights picks up and airlines seek to relaunch flights.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Changi Airport Terminal 2 to suspend operations for 18 months amid COVID-19 pandemic|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/changi-airport-terminal-2-to-close-for-18-months-amid-covid-19-12614210|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=12 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520021925/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/changi-airport-terminal-2-to-close-for-18-months-amid-covid-19-12614210|archive-date=20 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto2"/> Malaysia would also shorten the operating hours of [[Sultan Iskandar Building]] at the [[Johor Causeway]] to 12 hours daily from 24 April, effectively limiting the Causeway's operating hours.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Johor Causeway to shorten operations to 12 hours daily beginning Friday: Malaysian senior minister|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/malaysia-covid-19-johor-causeway-12-hours-12662626|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=24 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428115026/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/malaysia-covid-19-johor-causeway-12-hours-12662626|archive-date=28 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Second Link]] crossing would remain open round the clock.<ref name=":0" /> On 28 June, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong and [[Prime Minister of Malaysia|his Malaysian counterpart]] [[Muhyiddin Yassin]] agreed that their governments will work together to establish a Periodic Commuting Arrangement (PCA) allowing residents from both nations who hold long-term immigration passes for business and work purposes in the other country to periodically return to their home countries for short-term home leave.<ref>{{cite news |title=Singapore, Malaysia agree to allow certain residents to return for short-term home leave |url=https://www.thesundaily.my/local/singapore-malaysia-agree-to-allow-certain-residents-to-return-for-short-term-home-leave-IE2633390#pk_campaign=MASwpn&pk_kwd=Singapore%2C+Malaysia+agree+to+allow+certain+residents+to+return+for+short-term+home+leave |access-date=28 June 2020 |work=[[The Sun (Malaysia)|The Sun Daily]] |agency=[[Bernama]] |date=27 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628095026/https://www.thesundaily.my/local/singapore-malaysia-agree-to-allow-certain-residents-to-return-for-short-term-home-leave-IE2633390|archive-date=28 June 2020}}</ref> On 14 July, Singaporean Foreign Minister [[Vivian Balakrishnan]] and his [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Malaysia)|Malaysian counterpart]] [[Hishammuddin Hussein]] announced that cross-border travel and traffic between the two countries would resume on 10 August 2020 under two schemes: the Reciprocal Green Lane (RGL) and the Periodic Commuting Arrangement (PCA). The RGL scheme will allow essential business and official travel between the two countries while the PCA scheme will allow Singaporean and Malaysian residents who hold long-term immigration business and work passes to enter for work purposes.<ref>{{cite news |title=Singapore, Malaysia targeting to start cross-border travel from 10 Aug for some residents, business visitors |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-malaysia-commute-travel-covid-19-aug-10-12929848 |access-date=15 July 2020 |work=CNA |date=14 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715044337/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-malaysia-commute-travel-covid-19-aug-10-12929848|archive-date=15 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Solhi |first1=Farah |title=Malaysia-Singapore border to reopen under RGL, PCA schemes |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2020/07/608408/malaysia-singapore-border-reopen-under-rgl-pca-schemes |access-date=14 July 2020 |work=[[New Straits Times]] |date=15 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715050440/https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2020/07/608408/malaysia-singapore-border-reopen-under-rgl-pca-schemes|archive-date=15 July 2020}}</ref> Cruises were restarted in November but did not have any other port of call other than Singapore. In early December, an 83-year-old man tested positive on board and the ship had to return to Singapore a day early. Subsequent retests of the sample and additional samples proved the original test to be a false positive.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Choudhury|first=Saheli Roy|date=10 December 2020|title=After 'cruise to nowhere' returns early, Singapore says passenger does not have Covid|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/12/10/covid-19-passenger-on-a-royal-caribbean-cruise-in-singapore.html|access-date=11 December 2020|publisher=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> On 30 January 2021, the Singaporean Government suspended "travel bubble" arrangements with Malaysia, Germany and South Korea in response to a spike in cases globally and the emergence of new variants.<ref>{{cite news |title=Singapore suspends 'travel bubble' with Malaysia, South Korea |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/30/singapore-suspends-travel-bubble-with-malaysia-south-korea |access-date=30 January 2021 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |date=30 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130104616/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/30/singapore-suspends-travel-bubble-with-malaysia-south-korea |archive-date=30 January 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 23 March 2021, The Singaporean and Malaysian Foreign Ministers Balakrishnan and Hussein have confirmed that the two governments had plans to recognise each other's COVID-19 vaccine certificates with the goal of restoring cross-border travel in the near-future.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kanyakumari |first1=D. |title=Singapore, Malaysia to work towards recognising COVID-19 vaccine certificates, 'progressively restore' cross-border travel |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-malaysia-covid-19-vaccine-certificate-border-travel-14470648 |access-date=24 March 2021 |publisher=[[Channel NewsAsia]] |date=23 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324034739/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-malaysia-covid-19-vaccine-certificate-border-travel-14470648 |archive-date=24 March 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> On 24 April 2021, Singapore banned all long-term pass holders and short-term visitors, with recent travel history to India within the last 14 days, from entering. It was due to the worsening Covid-19 situation in India and more virus strains being discovered.<ref>{{Cite web|last=hermesauto|date=22 April 2021|title=S'pore bars long-term pass holders, visitors from India as Covid-19 cases there surge|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/spore-to-bar-long-term-pass-holders-visitors-travelling-from-india-as-covid-19|access-date=17 May 2021|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> On 17 May 2021, in the wake of increased COVID-19 cases in Taiwan, all Singapore citizens, permanent residents and long-term pass holders with recent travel history to Taiwan was served a 21-day stay-home notice.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: Singapore tightens border measures with Taiwan; Singaporean, PR travellers to serve 21-day stay-home notice|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/citizens-prs-travel-history-taiwan-21-day-shn-moh-14816878|access-date=17 May 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> === Repatriation efforts === As the pandemic spread throughout the world, the Singapore government had organised several repatriation efforts to bring Singaporeans back from various overseas locations. Beginning with Wuhan, Hubei where the virus was first detected, a number of Singaporeans were trapped in Wuhan as the Chinese authorities had [[COVID-19 lockdown in Hubei|locked down the entire Hubei province]], thus suspending air links between the city and Singapore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Authorities working with China to bring home Singaporeans in Wuhan|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/wuhan-virus-singapore-bring-home-citizens-china-hubei-12355228|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=29 May 2020}}</ref> Liaising with counterparts in the Chinese government and [[List of ambassadors of Singapore to China|its embassy in Beijing]], the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Singapore)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Singapore]] (MFA) managed to bring back 266 Singaporeans and family members on two separate [[Scoot]] flights on 30 January and 9 February.<ref>{{Cite web|title=On a 15-hour mission to Wuhan & back: How these MFA officers brought 266 S'poreans & their families home|url=https://mothership.sg/2020/03/mfa-mission-wuhan-singapore/|website=mothership.sg|language=en|access-date=29 May 2020}}</ref> MFA and other governmental agencies subsequently brought back at least 1,000{{Efn|{{Bulleted list|Slovenia: 1|Egypt: 244|India: 699|Saudi Arabia: 85|Fiji: 7|Total: 1,016}}|name=|group=}} Singaporeans, permanent residents, and family members stranded at other locations where there were similar lockdowns and suspension of flights: Cambodia,<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Stranded Aussies and Singaporeans get to fly home|url=https://www.khmertimeskh.com/50712403/stranded-aussies-and-singaporeans-get-to-fly-home/|date=12 April 2020|website=Khmer Times|language=en-US|access-date=17 April 2020}}</ref> Egypt,<ref name=":5">{{cite news|title=COVID-19: 224 Singapore residents repatriated from Egypt|language=en|work=CNA|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-singapore-egypt-coronavirus-repatriation-12620126|access-date=24 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520015604/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-singapore-egypt-coronavirus-repatriation-12620126|archive-date=20 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Fiji,<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: 7 Singapore residents repatriated from Fiji|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-singapore-residents-repatriated-fiji-12676674|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=25 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200429032115/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-singapore-residents-repatriated-fiji-12676674|archive-date=29 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> India,<ref name=":7">{{cite news|date=11 April 2020|title=Coronavirus: 699 Singapore citizens, residents evacuated from India|language=en|work=The Straits Times|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-699-singapore-citizens-residents-evacuated-from-india?utm_medium=Social&utm_campaign=STFB&utm_source=Facebook&fbclid=IwAR1M70NKqHGgm2Y9DMKw_TWm_jds06CZQ-lAPSBejusph2muomOrj0dmyKc#Echobox=1586572863}}</ref> Iran,<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: Eight Singaporeans evacuated from Iran on flight arranged by Malaysia|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singaporeans-evacuated-from-iran-malaysia-kl-quarantine-covid-19-12564490|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=8 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410221813/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singaporeans-evacuated-from-iran-malaysia-kl-quarantine-covid-19-12564490|archive-date=10 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Nepal,<ref name=":9">{{cite web |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2020/04/04/singapore-expresses-gratitude-to-malaysia-for-evacuation-from-nepal/1853617 |title=Singapore expresses gratitude to Malaysia for evacuation from Nepal |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=4 April 2020 |website=The Malay Mail |language=en |access-date=5 April 2020}}</ref> Saudi Arabia,<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: 85 Singapore citizens, residents repatriated from Saudi Arabia|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/saudi-arabia-covid-19-singapore-residents-repatriated-12672870|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=24 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428043714/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/saudi-arabia-covid-19-singapore-residents-repatriated-12672870|archive-date=28 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Slovenia,<ref name=":11">{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus: MFA's efforts help to bring home Singaporean stuck in Slovenia|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-mfas-efforts-help-to-bring-home-singaporean-stuck-in-slovenia|last1=Chong|first1=Clara|date=30 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=10 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401002732/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-mfas-efforts-help-to-bring-home-singaporean-stuck-in-slovenia|archive-date=1 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> and the UK.<ref name=":12">{{cite web|title='Special arrangement' made to fly Singaporeans, PRs back home from UK amid COVID-19 outbreak|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid19-singaporeans-uk-sia-mfa-fly-home-12556618|website=CNA|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321094246/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid19-singaporeans-uk-sia-mfa-fly-home-12556618|archive-date=21 March 2020|access-date=29 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Coronavirus: Singapore students in Britain to get help with flights back|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-students-in-britain-to-get-help-with-flights-back|last=hermesauto|date=19 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321094234/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-students-in-britain-to-get-help-with-flights-back|archive-date=21 March 2020|access-date=29 March 2020}}</ref> Most of the evacuees were brought back on direct flights,<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":10" /><ref name=":12" /> whilst some in Fiji, Iran, Nepal, and Slovenia saw some assistance from other countries.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" /><ref name=":11" /> All evacuees had to serve a 14-day Stay Home Notice or be quarantined<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wuhan virus: 92 Singaporeans flown home from Wuhan; some remain in the city as they are symptomatic|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/wuhan-virus-singaporeans-scoot-flown-home-changi-12369704|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=8 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130064309/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/wuhan-virus-singaporeans-scoot-flown-home-changi-12369704|archive-date=30 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> at designated locations, such as hotels with cost borne by the government,<ref>{{cite web|title=Coronavirus: Isolation in the comfort of a hotel|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/isolation-in-the-comfort-of-a-hotel|last=hermes|date=29 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329090854/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/isolation-in-the-comfort-of-a-hotel|archive-date=29 March 2020|access-date=29 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/from-exercise-to-bird-watching-spore-scientist-plans-to-enjoy-the-comforts-of-home |title=Coronavirus: From exercise to bird-watching, S'pore scientist plans to enjoy comforts of home while on stay-home notice in hotel |last=Tan |first=Audrey |date=27 March 2020 |website=The Straits Times |language=en |access-date=29 March 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328202559/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/from-exercise-to-bird-watching-spore-scientist-plans-to-enjoy-the-comforts-of-home |archive-date=28 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Questions about the dedicated SHN facilities for UK and US returnees answered|url=http://www.gov.sg/article/questions-about-the-dedicated-shn-facilities-for-uk-and-us-returnees-answered|website=gov.sg|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329090355/https://www.gov.sg/article/questions-about-the-dedicated-shn-facilities-for-uk-and-us-returnees-answered|archive-date=29 March 2020|access-date=29 March 2020}}</ref> government quarantine faculties, or at home. With flights to Wuhan suspended due to the Hubei lockdown, [[Scoot]] had offered two one-way flights back to Wuhan for tourists stuck in Singapore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore, U.K. Airlines Suspend Routes Leaving Chinese Tourists Stranded – Caixin Global|url=https://www.caixinglobal.com/2020-01-29/singapore-uk-airlines-suspend-china-routes-as-coronavirus-outbreak-grows-101509389.html|website=caixinglobal.com|language=en|access-date=29 May 2020}}</ref> As the travel restrictions began to grow and accumulated into an ongoing ban on short-term visitors arriving or transiting through Singapore started from 23 March,<ref name=":2" /> Singapore has allowed visitors to transit through Singapore if they are being repatriated by various governments.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/travel/2020/05/21/singapore-to-allow-travelers-to-transit-through-airport-from-june-2.html |title=Singapore to allow travellers to transit through airport from 2 June |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=21 May 2020 |website=The Jakarta Post |language=en |access-date=29 May 2020}}</ref> India had repatriated some of its citizens from Singapore in May 2020 on two separate flights.<ref>{{Cite news|others=PTI|date=7 May 2020|title=COVID-19 {{!}} Repatriation of Indian nationals from Singapore to start from Friday|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/covid-19-repatriation-of-indian-nationals-from-singapore-to-start-from-friday/article31524246.ece|access-date=29 May 2020|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|others=Special Correspondent|date=13 May 2020|title=COVID-19: Second repatriation flight from Singapore|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/covid-19-second-repatriation-flight-from-singapore/article31576767.ece|access-date=29 May 2020|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In the same flight which Singapore Airlines brought back Singaporeans from Cambodia on 12 April, it also carried Australians heading back to Australia with Singapore being a transit point.<ref name=":4" /> It was reported that Singapore and Bangladesh were in discussions to repatriate their respective citizens if necessary.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bangladesh, Singapore hold talks over voluntary repatriation|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/foreign-affairs/2020/04/10/bangladesh-singapore-holds-talk-over-voluntary-repatriation|date=10 April 2020|website=Dhaka Tribune|access-date=10 April 2020}}</ref> === Assistance to other countries === Both the Singapore government and private sector sent support packages to Indonesia, including test kits and personal protective equipment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/04/09/indonesia-receives-58-foreign-aid-packages-for-covid-19-relief-foreign-minister.html|title=Indonesia receives 58 foreign aid packages for COVID-19 relief: Foreign Minister|author=Apriza Pinandita |date=10 April 2020 |website=The Jakarta Post|language=en|access-date=10 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412205731/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/04/09/indonesia-receives-58-foreign-aid-packages-for-covid-19-relief-foreign-minister.html|archive-date=12 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-sends-additional-supplies-to-help-indonesia-s-covid-19-12607746|title=Singapore sends additional medical supplies to support Indonesia's fight against COVID-19|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=10 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200405203251/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-sends-additional-supplies-to-help-indonesia-s-covid-19-12607746|archive-date=5 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The Singapore government sent swabs and other supplies to Malaysia to help with sample collection and testing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/covid19-singapore-donates-5000-flocked-swabs-malaysia|title=COVID-19: Singapore donates 5,000 flocked swabs to Malaysia|date=1 April 2020|website=The Edge Markets|access-date=10 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404065949/https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/covid19-singapore-donates-5000-flocked-swabs-malaysia|archive-date=4 April 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> Temasek Foundation donated 30,000 test kits to India and this was affirmed and thanked by High Commissioner of India to Singapore, Jawed Ashraf.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chaudhury|first1=Dipanjan Roy|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/singapore-south-korea-key-suppliers-of-covid-19-gear/articleshow/74922481.cms|title=Singapore, South Korea, key suppliers of Covid-19 gear|date=1 April 2020|work=The Economic Times|access-date=10 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402170415/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/singapore-south-korea-key-suppliers-of-covid-19-gear/articleshow/74922481.cms|archive-date=2 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Indian low-cost airline [[SpiceJet]] operated flights carrying the test kits and other medical equipment from Singapore to both [[Bangalore]] and [[Chennai]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sengupta |first1=Joy |title=SpiceJet operates its first cargo freighter to Singapore to bring critical medical equipment to India – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/spicejet-operates-its-first-cargo-freighter-to-singapore-to-bring-critical-medical-equipment-to-india/articleshow/75198091.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=17 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=COVID-19: SpiceJet operates first cargo flight to Singapore to bring back medical equipment |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/covid-19-spicejet-operates-first-cargo-flight-to-singapore-to-bring-back-medical-equipment/articleshow/75066493.cms?from=mdr |website=The Economic Times |access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref> In December 2020, Singapore pledged US$5&nbsp;million towards COVID-19 Vaccine Global Access ([[COVAX]]), a WHO-led global initiative aimed at securing COVID-19 vaccines for low- and middle-income countries.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Saturday|first=5 December 2020 03:33&nbsp;pm MYT|title=What is the global Covid-19 vaccine initiative to which Singapore has pledged S$6.7m? {{!}} Malay Mail|url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/singapore/2020/12/05/what-is-the-global-covid-19-vaccine-initiative-to-which-singapore-has-pledg/1929078|access-date=12 December 2020|website=The Malay Mail|language=en}}</ref> Together with Switzerland, Singapore co-chairs "Friends of the COVID-19 Vaccine Global Access (COVAX) Facility", which comprises the European Union and the following 14 nations: Australia, Canada, Iceland, Israel, Japan, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, New Zealand, Norway, Qatar, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, Switzerland, the United Arab Emirates, and the United Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Statement by Friends of the COVAX Facility (FOF)|url=http://www.mfa.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Statements-Transcripts-and-Photos/2020/09/20200921---FOF-Statement|access-date=12 December 2020|website=mfa.gov.sg|language=en}}</ref> On 26 April 2021, the Singapore Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (SICCI) and Little India Shopkeepers Association (LISHA) initiated and launched a relief fund to raise money and support India in its fight against COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite web|last=hermesauto|date=27 April 2021|title=New relief fund in Singapore to raise money and support India in its fight against Covid-19|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/new-relief-fund-in-singapore-to-raise-money-and-support-india-in-its-fight-against-covid|access-date=27 April 2021|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> == Economic measures == With the impact of COVID-19 becoming greater, it was becoming clear to analysts that Singapore would need to respond with large scale government spending.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/02/16/business/singapore-budget-stimulus-coronavirus-covid19/|title=Singapore plans massive budget stimulus to counter virus threat|date=16 February 2020|work=The Japan Times|access-date=22 April 2020|language=en-US|issn=0447-5763|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414110818/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/02/16/business/singapore-budget-stimulus-coronavirus-covid19/|archive-date=14 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> As of 26 May, Singapore has unveiled four Budgets that will spend 19.2% of GDP to ensure the impact on the economy is softened and to help the economy recover back to the original state.<ref>{{cite news |last1=See |first1=Sharon |title=Solidarity Budget: Government's response to Covid-19 to cost S$59.9b |url=https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/government-economy/singapore-budget-2020/solidarity-budget-governments-response-to-covid-19-to-cost |work=The Business Times |date=6 April 2020 |language=en |access-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412120418/https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/government-economy/singapore-budget-2020/solidarity-budget-governments-response-to-covid-19-to-cost |archive-date=12 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Deputy Prime Minister [[Heng Swee Keat]] has said that based on economic terms, the economic contraction will be the worst ever since Singapore's independence.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore economy could be headed for its worst-ever contraction this year|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/business/economy/singapore-economy-shrinks-22-in-q1-full-year-growth-forecast-slashed-to-4-to-1|date=26 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401214850/https://www.straitstimes.com/business/economy/singapore-economy-shrinks-22-in-q1-full-year-growth-forecast-slashed-to-4-to-1|archive-date=1 April 2020|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref> The government announced on 4 June that they would be keeping [[Central Provident Fund]] contribution rates unchanged as they believed the Jobs Support Scheme would help reduce the burden on employers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CPF contribution rates to stay the same despite COVID-19 economic downturn|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/cpf-contribution-rates-no-change-covid-19-economy-12802992|access-date=4 June 2020|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> === First stimulus package – "Unity Budget" === It was announced on 1 February that the Government will provide help for the transport and tourism sectors as part of the 2020 Budget, being the worst-hit industries by the impact of COVID-19.<ref>{{cite web |title=Government support for firms and workers in response to the 2019 Novel Coronavirus outbreak |url=https://www.mof.gov.sg/Newsroom/press-releases/government-support-for-firms-and-workers-in-response-to-the-2019-ncov-novel-coronavirus-outbreak |website=MOF, MTI |access-date=2 June 2020 |date=1 February 2020 |archive-date=7 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607093547/https://www.mof.gov.sg/newsroom/press-releases/government-support-for-firms-and-workers-in-response-to-the-2019-ncov-novel-coronavirus-outbreak |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Tee |first1=Zhuo |title=Targeted help for transport, tourism sectors worst hit by virus outbreak, 'strong' Budget to help workers and slowing economy: Heng Swee Keat |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/wuhan-virus-targeted-help-for-transport-tourism-sectors-strong-budget-to-help-workers-and |website=The Straits Times |access-date=2 June 2020 |date=1 February 2020}}</ref> In the 2020 Budget delivered on 18 February, the Government has set aside S$6.4&nbsp;billion in support funds,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sim |first1=Royston |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-budget-2020-64-billion-set-aside-to-support-businesses-families-and-agencies |title=Singapore Budget 2020: $6.4 billion set aside to support businesses, families and agencies impacted by coronavirus outbreak |website=The Straits Times |date=18 February 2020 |access-date=12 March 2020 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303175116/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-budget-2020-64-billion-set-aside-to-support-businesses-families-and-agencies |archive-date=3 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> which are a S$1.6&nbsp;billion Care and Support Package for household expenses,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tan |first1=Theresa |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-budget-2020-all-adult-singaporeans-to-get-one-off-cash-payout-ranging-from-100 |title=Singapore Budget 2020: All adult Singaporeans to get one-off cash payout ranging from $100 to $300 |access-date=20 March 2020 |website=The Straits Times |date=18 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301212134/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-budget-2020-all-adult-singaporeans-to-get-one-off-cash-payout-ranging-from-100 |archive-date=1 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> a S$4&nbsp;billion Stabilisation and Support Package for businesses and workers<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tay |first1=Tiffany Fumiko |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-budget-2020-4-billion-package-to-help-workers-and-businesses-cope-with |title=Singapore Budget 2020: $4b to help businesses hit by coronavirus outbreak; sectors like tourism, aviation to get tax rebates |access-date=20 March 2020 |website=The Straits Times |date=18 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301201753/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-budget-2020-4-billion-package-to-help-workers-and-businesses-cope-with |archive-date=1 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> and an additional S$800&nbsp;million for efforts including the healthcare sector. In addition, the [[Goods and Services Tax (Singapore)|Goods and Services Tax]] will not be raised by 9% in 2021 owing to the economic impact, with a S$6&nbsp;billion Assurance Package should it be raised by 2025.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lai |first1=Linette |title=Singapore Budget 2020: GST hike will not take place in 2021; $6b Assurance Package to cushion impact of hike |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-budget-2020-gst-hike-will-not-take-place-next-year-6-billion-assurance-package |website=The Straits Times |access-date=22 March 2020 |date=18 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227180809/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-budget-2020-gst-hike-will-not-take-place-next-year-6-billion-assurance-package |archive-date=27 February 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Second stimulus package – "Resilience Budget" === Less than a month after the first budget support package was introduced, it was announced that the government was working a second stimulus package to mitigate the effects of the pandemic on the economy.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/second-stimulus-package-in-the-works-as-global-economy-covid-19-12527974|title=Second stimulus package in the works as global economy, COVID-19 situation worsen: DPM Heng|access-date=12 March 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312163011/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/second-stimulus-package-in-the-works-as-global-economy-covid-19-12527974|archive-date=12 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The package was delivered in a Ministerial Statement by DPM Heng Swee Keat on 26 March, known as the Resilience Budget.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-dpm-heng-to-deliver-ministerial-statement-on-additional-support-measures-on|title=Coronavirus: DPM Heng to announce supplementary budget in Parliament on Thursday|last1=Yuen|first1=Sin|date=23 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|access-date=25 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325023825/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-dpm-heng-to-deliver-ministerial-statement-on-additional-support-measures-on|archive-date=25 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> COVID-19 has hit the economy so hard that [[Halimah Yacob|President Halimah]] had given her 'in-principle support' to draw on past reserves for this second package, which will amount to S$17&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/president-halimah-yacob-gives-in-principle-support-to-draw-on-past-reserves-for-second|title=President Halimah gives 'in-principle support' to draw on past reserves for 2nd coronavirus aid package|last=hermesauto|date=26 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=26 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326082542/https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/president-halimah-yacob-gives-in-principle-support-to-draw-on-past-reserves-for-second|archive-date=26 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> In addition to S$6.4&nbsp;billion announced in the first package, the government is prepared to spend a further S$48.4&nbsp;billion to support businesses, workers and families, amounting to around 11% of GDP.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sim|first=Royston|date=26 March 2020|title=Singapore Govt pumps in $48b more to fight Covid-19 fallout, on top of $6.4b already announced|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/singapores-aviation-and-tourism-sectors-most-badly-hit-by-coronavirus-pandemic-dpm-heng|work=The Straits Times|access-date=20 September 2020}}</ref> Among the measures include increasing government co-funding of 25% of wages for all local workers, with those in food services getting 50% support and those in the tourism and aviation sector getting up to 75% support. Self-employed workers would receive S$1,000 per month. These measures would last for nine months.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/151b-boost-to-enhanced-jobs-support-scheme-amid-covid-19-outbreak-government-to-subsidise |title=Govt to subsidise wages of all local workers by at least 25% amid Covid-19 outbreak |last=Seow |first=Joanna |date=26 March 2020 |website=The Straits Times |language=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200423073152/https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/151b-boost-to-enhanced-jobs-support-scheme-amid-covid-19-outbreak-government-to-subsidise |archive-date=23 April 2020 |access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/resilience-budget-freelancers-get-s1000-monthly-payout-9-months-higher-training-allowances |title=Resilience Budget: Freelancers to get S$1,000 monthly payout for 9 months, higher training allowances |last=Ng |first=Jun Sen |date=26 March 2020 |website=Today|location=Singapore |access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref> A$350&nbsp;million aviation support package was introduced to fund the measures such as rebates on waiving off parking charges.<ref>{{cite web |title=MOF {{!}} Singapore Budget 2020 {{!}} Supplementary Budget Statement |url=https://www.singaporebudget.gov.sg/budget_2020/resilience-budget/supplementary-budget-statement |website=www.singaporebudget.gov.sg |access-date=27 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327004758/https://www.singaporebudget.gov.sg/budget_2020/resilience-budget/supplementary-budget-statement |archive-date=27 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> In spite of this large spending package, several private sector economists were still expecting the economy to contract in 2020.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/covid-19-budget-singapore-stimulus-recession-outbreak-12580774 |title=Singapore's 'bazooka' stimulus to cushion COVID-19 pain, but recession still on the cards: Economists |last=Tang |first=See Kit |date=27 March 2020 |website=CNA|language=en|access-date=27 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327072500/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/covid-19-budget-singapore-stimulus-recession-outbreak-12580774|archive-date=27 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Third stimulus package – "Solidarity Budget" === It was announced on 5 April that Finance Minister Heng Swee Keat would propose a third round of support measures through a "Solidarity Budget" when Parliament returned on 6 April.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/coronavirus-covid-19-heng-swee-keat-solidarity-budget-12611084|title=COVID-19: Heng Swee Keat to announce third round of support measures in new 'Solidarity Budget'|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=5 April 2020}}</ref> A total of S$5.1&nbsp;billion was allocated for the package, with S$4&nbsp;billion to be drawn from past reserves.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Solidarity Budget to cost S$5.1 billion, S$4 billion more needed from reserves|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/solidarity-budget-to-cost-5-1-billion-more-needed-from-reserves-12613850|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=10 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520022134/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/solidarity-budget-to-cost-5-1-billion-more-needed-from-reserves-12613850|archive-date=20 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Due to the extended [[2020 Singaporean Circuit Breaker|Circuit Breaker]] announced on 21 April, support measures from the "Solidarity Budget" were extended to May, costing another S$3.8&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite web|title=Wage support will be extended to second circuit breaker month of May: DPM Heng Swee Keat|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/wage-support-will-be-extended-to-second-circuit-breaker-month-of-may-dpm-heng-swee|last1=Cheong|first1=Danson|date=21 April 2020|website=The Straits Times|access-date=21 April 2020}}</ref> On 10 May, the Ministry of Finance announced that 32 companies had returned Jobs Support Scheme (JSS) payouts worth S$35&nbsp;million and had said they would not receive future payments related to JSS. Other companies that had previously received JSS monies, had said that while they retain what they had already received, they would also not receive further payments.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: 32 companies return Jobs Support Scheme wage subsidies worth S$35 million|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-32-companies-return-jss-payments-12719338|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=10 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511101013/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-32-companies-return-jss-payments-12719338|archive-date=11 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Fourth stimulus package – "Fortitude Budget" === On 19 May, it was announced that Finance Minister Heng would propose a fourth round of support measures at a statement delivered to Parliament on 26 May at 3.30&nbsp;pm.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: DPM Heng Swee Keat to deliver ministerial statement on further help for businesses, individuals|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-dpm-heng-swee-keat-speech-help-businesses-individuals-12749402|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=19 May 2020}}</ref> On 25 May, President [[Halimah Yacob|Halimah]] gave her in-principle approval for the Government to draw on the reserves for the package, the second time it was done for this crisis. The budget has since been named the "Fortitude Budget".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tan |first1=Audrey |title=Jobs a key part of 4th coronavirus support package, President gives in-principle support to draw on reserves |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/coronavirus-president-halimah-yacob-gives-in-principle-support-to-draw-on-reserves |website=The Straits Times |access-date=25 May 2020 |date=25 May 2020}}</ref> It was announced that the government would draw an additional S$32&nbsp;billion from past reserves, bringing the total used to S$52&nbsp;billion. In addition, another S$13&nbsp;billion will be set aside for contingencies due to the pandemic.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/fortitude-budget-draw-past-reserves-heng-swee-keat-12770316 |title=S$31 billion to be drawn from reserves for Fortitude Budget |last=Chew |first=Hui Min |date=26 May 2020 |website=CNA |language=en |access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref> Extending and enhancing the JSS, to include higher tiers of wage subsidies and lasting until August, would cost around S$2.9&nbsp;billion, bringing the total cost to S$23.5&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/higher-wage-subsidies-extended-to-more-sectors-under-jobs-support-scheme-support-to-last-10 |title=Higher wage subsidies for S'porean workers extended to more sectors hit by Covid-19, support to last 10 months: DPM Heng |last=Seow |first=Joanna |date=26 May 2020 |website=The Straits Times |language=en |access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref> To thank Singaporeans for working from home during the "circuit breaker", the government introduced a one off Solidarity Utilities Credit of S$100 for all households.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/all-households-with-at-least-one-singaporean-will-receive-100-subsidy-on-utility-bills-dpm |title=All households with at least one Singaporean will receive $100 subsidy on utility bills: DPM Heng |last=Yuen |first=Sin |date=26 May 2020|website=The Straits Times |language=en |access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref> Food and beverage (F&B) and retail companies would receive up to S$10,000 as part of efforts to digitally transform their businesses, as they are likely to be seriously affected by safe distancing rules after the circuit breaker is lifted.<ref>{{Cite web|title=F&B and retail businesses can get up to $10,000 under new digital transformation scheme|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/fb-retail-businesses-first-recipients-of-new-scheme-under-500m-digital-transformation-push|last=hermesauto|date=26 May 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref> S$2&nbsp;billion was committed to SGUnited Jobs and Skills Package was announced to create close some 100,000 opportunities for workers affected by the COVID-19 economic slowdown; involving around 40,000 jobs, 25,000 traineeships and 30,000 skills training opportunities. The public sector will create more jobs, with the majority coming from the early childhood and healthcare sectors.<ref>{{Cite web|title=$2b package to create 100,000 job and training opportunities for workers hit by Covid-19 slowdown|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/parliament-2bn-package-to-create-40000-jobs-25000-traineeships-and-30000-skills-training|last=hermesauto|date=26 May 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref> After announcing more draw downs of the reserves, Minister Heng warned that Singapore's financial position would be weaker going forward, but the government would do try to mitigate the negative effects.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: Singapore's financial position will be weaker in coming years, but Govt will manage the situation, says DPM Heng|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-financial-position-weaker-government-reserves-12775910|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=28 May 2020}}</ref> === Monetary Authority of Singapore package === To help financial institutions and FinTech companies tide over the virus, the [[Monetary Authority of Singapore]] (MAS) released a $125&nbsp;million package to help financial institutions and FinTech companies to strengthen long-term capabilities.<ref>{{cite web |title=MAS Launches S$125 Million Package for Financial Institutions and FinTech Firms to Strengthen Long-Term Capabilities |url=https://www.mas.gov.sg/news/media-releases/2020/mas-launches-package-for-fis-and-fintech-firms-to-strengthen-long-term-capabilities |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=8 April 2020 |website=mas.gov.sg |language=en |access-date=24 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200518084703/https://www.mas.gov.sg/news/media-releases/2020/mas-launches-package-for-fis-and-fintech-firms-to-strengthen-long-term-capabilities |archive-date=18 May 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) measures === On 14 April, the [[Infocomm Media Development Authority]] announced that they will launch Public Service Content worth S$8&nbsp;million and fund 90% of the course fees for Self-Employed Persons under Talent Assistance (T-Assist) Programme. To reduce operating costs, the Film Exhibition and Distribution Licence Fees will be waived from 17 April.<ref>{{cite news |title=Singapore Media Sector Gets A Boost Amidst COVID-19 |url=https://www.imda.gov.sg/news-and-events/Media-Room/Media-Releases/2020/Singapore-Media-Sector-Gets-A-Boost-Amidst-COVID-19 |work=Infocomm Media Development Authority |language=en |access-date=14 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420094610/https://www.imda.gov.sg/news-and-events/Media-Room/Media-Releases/2020/Singapore-Media-Sector-Gets-A-Boost-Amidst-COVID-19 |archive-date=20 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> === SingapoRediscovers vouchers === Every Singaporean who would be aged 18 and above in 2020 would receive S$100 worth of SingapoRediscovers vouchers, which can be used for a variety activities to support the local tourism industry. They were planned to be usable between December 2020 and June 2021 and would be paid via SingPass.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singaporediscovers-tourism-vouchers-chan-chun-sing-covid-19-13115702 |title=Singaporeans aged 18 and above to receive S$100 worth of local tourism vouchers |last=Ang |first=Hwee Min |date=16 September 2020 |access-date=16 September 2020|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> Additionally, [[Trip.com]] has a "Pay It Forward" campaign throughout this usable period, where people can use their vouchers to pay for tourism products for various beneficiary groups.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How To Use Your SingapoRediscovers Vouchers To Donate To Charity|url=https://www.todayonline.com/8days/seeanddo/thingstodo/how-use-your-singaporediscovers-vouchers-donate-charity|access-date=30 December 2020|website=Today|location=Singapore}}</ref> When the vouchers were launched, there were some complaints from Singaporeans about the complex way the vouchers were to be redeemed.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Teh|first1=Cheryl|last2=Lim|first2=Jessie|date=24 November 2020|title=Singapore consumers express concern over 'complicated' tourism voucher redemption process|work=[[The Straits Times]]|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-consumers-express-concern-over-complicated-tourist-voucher-redemption-process|access-date=30 December 2020}}</ref> On 30 April 2021, the [[Singapore Tourism Board]] (STB) announced that the expiry date of the SingapoRediscovers vouchers will be extended to 31 December 2021, and that improvements to the redemption process will be rolled out.<ref>{{Cite web|title=SingapoRediscovers vouchers scheme extended to year end, 'enhancements' to be introduced|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singaporediscovers-vouchers-scheme-extended-to-dec-31-14719978|access-date=7 May 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> == Criticisms and reactions == On 18 February and 10 March, the [[World Health Organization|WHO]] praised Singapore's efforts to contain COVID-19 infections through tracing and quarantining close contacts, testing every case of influenza-like illness and pneumonia, and Singapore's "all-government approach" in the containment of COVID-19. The [[Singapore Police Force]], [[Singapore Armed Forces]] and [[Ministry of Health (Singapore)|Ministry of Health]] are coordinating to do aggressive contact tracing.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/police-helping-moh-in-contact-tracing |title=Coronavirus: Police helping MOH in contact tracing |date=16 February 2020 |website=The Straits Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321054654/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/police-helping-moh-in-contact-tracing |archive-date=21 March 2020 |access-date=21 March 2020}}</ref> While many international medical experts praised Singapore's efforts to control the outbreak in Singapore, ''[[The New York Times]]'' argued that this could well be the continuation of erosion of civil liberties.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Singer|first1=Natasha|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/23/technology/coronavirus-surveillance-tracking-privacy.html|title=As Coronavirus Surveillance Escalates, Personal Privacy Plummets|date=23 March 2020|work=The New York Times|access-date=24 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324094050/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/23/technology/coronavirus-surveillance-tracking-privacy.html|archive-date=24 March 2020|last2=Sang-Hun|first2=Choe|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Despite effective handling of initial waves of infection, serious outbreaks in April have brought the situation in Singapore out of control; many analysts points to poor conditions at foreign workers dormitories as a major factor of the failure.<ref name="time">{{cite news |last=Leung |first=Hillary |title=Why Singapore, Once a Model for Coronavirus Response, Lost Control of Its Outbreak |url=https://time.com/5824039/singapore-outbreak-migrant-workers// |access-date=28 July 2020 |newspaper=Time |date=20 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Stack |first=Megan K. |title=A Sudden Coronavirus Surge Brought Out Singapore's Dark Side|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/20/magazine/singapore-coronavirus.html |access-date=28 July 2020 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=20 May 2020}}</ref> === Mistreatment of healthcare workers === It was reported in February that healthcare workers faced mistreatment from the public. President [[Halimah Yacob]] urged Singaporeans to appreciate the work of healthcare workers.<ref>{{cite news |last=Yong |first=Clement |title=President Halimah pained by reports that some are treating healthcare workers badly |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/president-halimah-pained-by-reports-that-some-are-treating-healthcare-workers-badly |work=The Straits Times |date=13 February 2020 |language=en |access-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412024331/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/president-halimah-pained-by-reports-that-some-are-treating-healthcare-workers-badly |archive-date=12 April 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Grab (company)|Grab]] announced that they will be launching GrabCare to transport healthcare workers to and from their work places.<ref name="GrabCare">{{cite web|title=Grab to pilot service offering round-the-clock rides home for healthcare professionals|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/grabcare-wuhan-virus-coronavirus-covid-19-pilot-grab-12427022|date=12 February 2020|website=CNA|access-date=16 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216052129/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/grabcare-wuhan-virus-coronavirus-covid-19-pilot-grab-12427022|archive-date=16 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On 12 April, CNA reported that some staff members of Lee Ah Mooi, a [[Nursing home care|nursing home]], were evicted by landlords.<ref name=":13" /> However, the authorities had also mentioned that landlords who evict tenants on Leave of Absence or Stay-Home Notices would be penalised.<ref name=":13">{{cite news |title=Some staff members at Lee Ah Mooi evicted by landlords, says nursing home hit by COVID-19 |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-staff-members-at-lee-ah-mooi-evicted-by-landlords-12633420 |work=CNA |language=en |access-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412024329/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-staff-members-at-lee-ah-mooi-evicted-by-landlords-12633420 |archive-date=12 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Leaked recording of SCCCI dialogue === On 17 February, a leaked recording of a closed-door dialogue session on 10 February of [[Chan Chun Sing]] with business people from the [[Singapore Chinese Chamber of Commerce and Industry]] (SCCCI) went viral in Singapore. In the 25-minute recording, Mr. Chan spoke candidly about the supply of surgical masks, which he said were not the solution and should be reserved for the hospital system, as well as characterizing panic buyers as a small group who behaved like "idiots" and would "kill" Singapore's ability to negotiate prices of key supplies internationally.<ref name="SCCCI">{{cite web |last1=Tee |first1=Zhuo |title=Leak of closed-door Chan Chun Sing meeting 'deeply disappointing' and a 'betrayal', says Singapore Chinese Chamber president |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/leak-of-closed-door-chan-chun-sing-meeting-deeply-disappointing-and-a-betrayal-says |website=The Straits Times |access-date=21 March 2020 |date=19 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227192432/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/leak-of-closed-door-chan-chun-sing-meeting-deeply-disappointing-and-a-betrayal-says |archive-date=27 February 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> In response, SCCCI said that the leak is "deeply disappointing" and a "betrayal of trust", adding that it was investigating the source of the leak.<ref name="SCCCI"/> === Living conditions at foreign worker dormitories === The pandemic brought the living conditions at foreign worker dormitories to media attention. Dormitories were reported to be unsanitary and crowded, making preventive measures like social distancing difficult.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Lim|first1=Joyce|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/manpower/workers-describe-crowded-cramped-living-conditions|title=Coronavirus: Workers describe crowded, cramped living conditions at dormitory gazetted as isolation area|date=6 April 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=6 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406030002/http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/manpower/workers-describe-crowded-cramped-living-conditions|archive-date=6 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Retired diplomat [[Tommy Koh]] criticised the living conditions, calling it "third world" and "a time bomb waiting to explode".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Romero |first1=Anna |title=Tommy Koh: The way Singapore treats its foreign workers is not First World but Third World |url=http://theindependent.sg/tommy-koh-the-way-singapore-treats-its-foreign-workers-is-not-first-world-but-third-world/ |access-date=8 April 2020 |newspaper=The Independent |date=7 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408041210/http://theindependent.sg/tommy-koh-the-way-singapore-treats-its-foreign-workers-is-not-first-world-but-third-world/ |archive-date=8 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Amnesty International]] called the situation a "recipe for disaster".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/04/singapore-migrant-workers-quarantine-protected-mass-infection/ |title=Singapore: Over 20,000 migrant workers in quarantine must be protected from mass infection |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=6 April 2020 |publisher=Amnesty International |language=en |access-date=8 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408002307/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/04/singapore-migrant-workers-quarantine-protected-mass-infection/ |archive-date=8 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Minister for Manpower [[Josephine Teo]] vowed to improve the living conditions of foreign workers after the quarantine was handled.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/manpower-minister-vows-raise-standard-dormitories-after-covid-19-outbreak-over |title=Manpower minister vows to raise standard of dormitories after Covid-19 outbreak is over |author1=Navene Elangovan|author2=Alif Chandra |date=7 April 2020 |website=Today|location=Singapore |access-date=5 August 2020}}</ref> While churches in the 1960s and 1970s historically championed social justice and advocacy for worker rights within the Singaporean civil society, this has declined over the years due to the rise of a middle class and a dependency on state-centric growth.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chong |first1=Terence |title=Pentecostal Megachurches in Southeast Asia: Negotiating Class, Consumption and the Nation |date=2018 |publisher=ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute |isbn=978-981-4786-88-1 |page=8 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DFxVDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA8 |language=en |chapter=Introduction}}</ref> During the pandemic, Singaporean churches sought ways to bring about "neighbourly love" and national prayer. But some criticised this as not being enough to address the inequalities experienced by foreign workers who were disproportionately affected by the virus.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sim |first1=Joshua Dao Wei |title=Compliant Singaporean Christians? State-Centred Christian Responses to COVID-19 in a Single-Party Dominant State |journal=Studies in World Christianity |date=November 2020 |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=239–260 |doi=10.3366/swc.2020.0308}}</ref> On 9 April, MOM said in a press release that it will improve quality of meals of foreign workers during quarantine and formed a task force to improve the living conditions of foreign workers.<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus: MOM to improve quality of meals for foreign workers under quarantine |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/mom-to-improve-quality-of-meals-for-foreign-workers-under-quarantine |work=The Straits Times |date=9 April 2020 |language=en |access-date=24 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428212835/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/mom-to-improve-quality-of-meals-for-foreign-workers-under-quarantine |archive-date=28 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> As of 25 April 25 dormitories have been gazetted as isolation areas.<ref name="24AprIso">{{cite web|title=COVID-19: Four more foreign worker dormitories declared as isolation areas|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-four-more-foreign-worker-dormitories-isolation-areas-12671742|date=24 April 2020|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=24 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428010632/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-four-more-foreign-worker-dormitories-isolation-areas-12671742|archive-date=28 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Some healthy workers are also progressively being moved to numerous empty premises such as [[Singapore Armed Forces|SAF]] camps, [[Housing and Development Board|HDB]] blocks, floating hotels and [[Changi Exhibition Centre]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Lim |first=Janice |date=9 April 2020 |title=21 HDB blocks in Redhill Close to house healthy essential foreign workers relocated from dorms |url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/some-healthy-foreign-workers-essential-services-moved-their-dormitories-redhill-close |work=Today|location=Singapore |access-date=24 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421074805/https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/some-healthy-foreign-workers-essential-services-moved-their-dormitories-redhill-close |archive-date=21 April 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mothership.sg/2020/04/foreign-worker-jurong-bedok-camp/|title=1,300 healthy foreign workers move into vacant premises at Jurong & Bedok camps|website=mothership.sg|language=en|access-date=9 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200425143011/https://mothership.sg/2020/04/foreign-worker-jurong-bedok-camp/|archive-date=25 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On 16 April, Minister for Manpower [[Josephine Teo]] said that there will be a "three-pronged strategy"; containing the spread, imposing lockdowns and separating workers in essential services.<ref>{{cite news |title=3-pronged strategy in place to stop coronavirus spread in dorms |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/3-pronged-strategy-in-place-to-stop-virus-spread-in-dorms |work=The Straits Times |date=15 April 2020 |language=en |access-date=16 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422185734/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/3-pronged-strategy-in-place-to-stop-virus-spread-in-dorms |archive-date=22 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Minister for National Development [[Lawrence Wong]] has said that the living standards in dormitories have steadily improved over the years, and suggested that the issue was the dormitories being designed for communal living, where migrant workers ate, lived, and cooked together, and that the initial precautions and safeguards put in place to reduce some of the non-essential activities were not sufficient.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore is not yet halfway through its coronavirus outbreak, says minister|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/06/coronavirus-singapore-is-not-halfway-through-outbreak-says-minister.html|last=Lee|first=Yen Nee|date=6 May 2020|publisher=CNBC|language=en|access-date=6 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506075843/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/06/coronavirus-singapore-is-not-halfway-through-outbreak-says-minister.html|archive-date=6 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The government has promised to build new dormitories that are designed with public health in mind and provide more amenities, while some workers will be temporarily moved to makeshift dormitories before the new dormitories are ready.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 June 2020|title=COVID-19: Singapore to build new dormitories with improved living standards for migrant workers|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-singapore-new-dormitories-foreign-workers-conditions-12792538|access-date=8 August 2020|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> It is noted that a large majority of COVID-19 cases in Singapore are foreign workers. On 20 April, Singapore reported a peak of 1,426 new cases, of which only 16 were not migrant workers but citizens or permanent residents. Foreign workers had accounted for three-fourths of the total infections in Singapore by then.<ref name="time"/> Towards the end of July 2020, a spate of attempted and successful suicides among the foreign workers in dormitories raised concerns about the mental well-being of the workers on lockdown.<ref>{{Cite news|date=24 July 2020|title=Police respond to 3 dorm incidents on Friday|language=en|work=The New Paper|url=https://www.tnp.sg/news/singapore/police-respond-3-dorm-incidents-friday|access-date=9 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=At breaking point: Singapore's migrant workers struggle with isolation, anxiety amid COVID-19 curbs|url=https://sg.news.yahoo.com/at-breaking-point-migrant-workers-struggle-with-isolation-anxiety-amid-covid-19-restrictions-073153411.html|access-date=9 August 2020|publisher=Yahoo! News|language=en-SG}}</ref> Authorities are monitoring the situation and are working with partners and NGOs to enhance their mental health support programmes.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID 19: No spike in number of migrant worker suicides, says MOM|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/migrant-workers-mental-health-suicides-covid-19-mom-12989854|access-date=9 August 2020|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=6 August 2020|title=Spate of suicides among migrant workers in Singapore raises concern|language=en|agency=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-singapore-migrants-idUSKCN2510QP|access-date=9 August 2020}}</ref> ===Social distancing on public transport=== Before the [[2020 Singapore circuit breaker measures|circuit breaker]] was implemented, commuters and a few [[Nominated Member of Parliament|NMPs]] had urged authorities to enforce social distancing measures on public transport; due to the high demand of commuters, however, this was not implemented.<ref>{{cite news|date=23 March 2020|title=Social distancing needed on buses and trains, too|work=Today|location=Singapore|url=https://www.todayonline.com/voices/social-distancing-needed-buses-and-trains-too|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325160546/https://www.todayonline.com/voices/social-distancing-needed-buses-and-trains-too|archive-date=25 March 2020}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite web|date=25 March 2020|title=NMPs urge Govt to roll out safe-distancing measures on public transport|url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/nmps-urge-govt-roll-out-safe-distancing-measures-public-transport|access-date=5 September 2020|website=Today|location=Singapore}}</ref> Minister for National Development [[Lawrence Wong]] said that when these measures are implemented, it could mean restricting the number of people going to work or school.<ref name=":14" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=23 March 2020|title=Safe distancing: Do not use trains, buses if unwell, cut unnecessary and peak-hour travel, says Khaw Boon Wan|url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/safe-distancing-trains-buses-do-not-travel-if-unwell-reduce-unnecessary-and-peak-hour-use|access-date=5 September 2020|website=Today|location=Singapore}}</ref> Social distancing was implemented during the start of the circuit breaker, with stickers pasted on seats and auxiliary officers and transport ambassadors enforcing the rules throughout this period.<ref>{{cite news |title=COVID-19: Additional safe distancing measures implemented on public transport |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/lta-safe-distancing-covid-19-public-transport-12623902 |work=CNA |language=en |access-date=10 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412055408/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/lta-safe-distancing-covid-19-public-transport-12623902 |archive-date=12 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Since June, public transport has gradually resumed pre-circuit breaker operations. Regulations for social distancing are no longer applicable by law except for fixed public transport area queues such as MRT stations and bus interchanges. Social distancing stickers are removed on bus and train seats, allowing all passengers including seniors to sit. However, commuters should still social distance where possible if there is no seats.<ref>{{cite web |title=Safe distancing stickers on public transport removed as circuit breaker ends {{!}} Video |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/safe-distancing-stickers-on-public-transport-removed-as-circuit-12793346 |website=CNA |access-date=6 June 2020 |language=en |date=1 June 2020}}</ref> Mask wearing continues to be mandatory in public transport and all public places in Singapore.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 June 2020|title=Social gatherings pose 'a different magnitude of risk' of Covid-19 compared to contact on public transport: Lawrence Wong|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/social-gatherings-pose-a-different-magnitude-of-risk-of-covid-19-compared-to-contact-on|access-date=5 September 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> === Home-based businesses === On 26 April, HDB, URA and MND released a joint statement that home-based businesses would have to suspend operations as part of the circuit breaker measures.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Zhaki Abdullah |title=Home-based businesses must abide by circuit breaker measures or face S$1,000 fine |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/home-based-businesses-circuit-breaker-covid-19-hdb-fine-12677562 |access-date=10 May 2020 |work=CNA |date=26 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507153705/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/home-based-businesses-circuit-breaker-covid-19-hdb-fine-12677562 |archive-date=7 May 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> This generated opposition among home-based food business operators, particularly those dependent on such businesses for income and those seeking to capitalise on increased demand during [[Ramadan]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Tan |first=Sue-Ann |title=Coronavirus: Home bakers cannot operate under circuit breaker rules |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/business/home-bakers-cannot-operate-under-circuit-breaker-rules |work=The Straits Times |date=26 April 2020 |language=en |access-date=27 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200427031128/https://www.straitstimes.com/business/home-bakers-cannot-operate-under-circuit-breaker-rules |archive-date=27 April 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author1=Zhaki Abdullah |title=Home-based F&B businesses look beyond circuit breaker period, some rally to help those affected |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid19-home-based-food-businesses-look-beyond-circuit-breaker-12683772 |access-date=10 May 2020 |work=CNA |date=29 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200509130105/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid19-home-based-food-businesses-look-beyond-circuit-breaker-12683772 |archive-date=9 May 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> The measure was subsequently adjusted to these businesses to resume operations on 12 May.<ref name="Ease1">{{cite web|title=Tightened circuit breaker measures extended for another week; some activities allowed to resume from 5 May|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/some-singapore-businesses-to-reopen-from-may-5-as-circuit-breaker-measures-eased|last1=Wong|first1=Lester|last2=Kurohi|first2=Rei|date=2 May 2020|website=The Straits Times|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502065935/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/some-singapore-businesses-to-reopen-from-may-5-as-circuit-breaker-measures-eased|archive-date=2 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === TraceTogether controversy === {{See also|TraceTogether#Controversy over police access}} On 4 January 2021, Minister of State for Home Affairs Desmond Koh announced in Parliament that Bluetooth proximity data from the TraceTogether app and token could be used by the police in criminal investigations, as per the Criminal Procedure Code.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore Police Force can obtain TraceTogether data for criminal investigations: Desmond Tan|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-police-force-can-obtain-tracetogether-data-covid-19-13889914|access-date=4 January 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> This resulted in significant backlash, as the announcement contradicted previous statements that the data would strictly be used for contact tracing; concerns were aired about the transparency of the government and how the personal data would be used, as well as possible infringement on the privacy of citizens. Some users even switched off their apps or left their tokens at home in protest.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Big Read: What's the big deal with data privacy? Thorny, complex issues confront citizens and governments|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/big-read-data-privacy-government-citizens-13973584|access-date=3 February 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> In response, Minister-in-charge of the Smart Nation Initiative Vivian Balakrishnan clarified that the police could only obtain TraceTogether data through a person involved in the investigation, adding that there were plans to introduce legislation that would restrict police use of TraceTogether data to serious offences such as terrorism or murder.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Legislation to be introduced setting out serious offences for which TraceTogether data can be used for police probe|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/tracetogether-data-legislation-7-categories-police-covid-19-13921820|access-date=3 February 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> The ''COVID-19 (Temporary Measures) (Amendment) Bill'' was passed on 2 February, which included a possible extension of the COVID-19 Control Order to next year and beyond if the situation does not improve or worsens, as well as the removal of [[SafeEntry]]/TraceTogether data at the end of the pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bill restricting use of TraceTogether data for serious crimes passed by Parliament|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/bill-restrict-tracetogether-to-serious-crimes-passed-parliament-14096726|access-date=3 February 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> == Notes == {{Notelist}} == References == {{reflist}} ==External links== * {{commons category-inline}} * [https://corona.arrangy.com Worldwide Coronavirus Map, confirmed Cases] – Map the route paths of coronavirus confirmed cases. * [https://www.moh.gov.sg/covid-19 Updates on COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) Local Situation – Ministry of Health (Singapore)] * [https://qa.st-visuals.com/coronavirus-in-sg/index.html The Straits Times digital graphics tracker of cases in Singapore (updated daily)] * [https://experience.arcgis.com/experience/7e30edc490a5441a874f9efe67bd8b89 Official Update of COVID −19 Situation in Singapore] * [https://infographics.channelnewsasia.com/covid-19/coronavirus-singapore-clusters.html CNA's COVID-19 clusters] * [https://infographics.channelnewsasia.com/covid-19/singapore-map.html CNA's COVID-19 map] * [https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/novel-coronavirus-cases-in-singapore The Straits Times article tracking every single case in Singapore] * [https://www.coronatracker.com/country/sg CoronaTracker] – Statistics on the coronavirus cases in Singapore * [https://gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6 Coronavirus COVID-19 Global Cases] and [https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19 historical data] by [[Johns Hopkins University]] * [https://www.singaporevisa.com/news/travel-restrictions Singapore travel restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic] {{COVID-19 pandemic|short=yes}} {{Portal bar|COVID-19|Singapore|Medicine|Viruses}} [[Category:2020 in Singapore]] [[Category:2021 in Singapore]] [[Category:COVID-19 pandemic by country|Singapore]] [[Category:COVID-19 pandemic in Asia|Singapore]] [[Category:COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore| ]] [[Category:Disease outbreaks in Singapore]] [[Category:Health in Singapore]]'
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'{{short description|Ongoing COVID-19 viral pandemic in Singapore}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}} {{EngvarB|date=June 2021}} {{Infobox pandemic | name = COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore | map1 = {{multiple image|border=infobox|perrow=2/2|total_width=300 | image1 = Marina Bay Sands during Circuit Breaker.jpg | alt1 = Marina Bay Sands and ArtScience Museum lit up with messages of hope | image2 = Controlled entry into Compass One, 2020-05-16.jpg | alt2 = Controlled entry into Compass One | image3 = Ntuc super store, Singapore (49505410793).jpg | alt3 = Empty shelves after panic buying at a FairPrice supermarket | image4 = Safe-distancing measure - no social gathering dining together (49753010792).jpg | alt4 = Tables and seats cordoned off with tape | footer_align = center | footer = (clockwise from top){{flatlist| * [[Marina Bay Sands]] and [[ArtScience Museum]] lit up with messages of hope * Controlled entry into [[Compass One]] * Tables and seats cordoned off with tape * Empty shelves after panic buying at a [[NTUC FairPrice|FairPrice]] supermarket }} }} | disease = [[Coronavirus disease 2019|COVID-19]] | virus_strain = [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2|SARS-CoV-2]] | location = [[:Singapore]] | first_case = [[Sentosa]], [[Southern Islands]] | arrival_date = 23 January 2020<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=01|day1=23|year1=2020|month2=|day2=|year2=}}) | origin = [[Wuhan]], Hubei, China | recovery_cases = {{Increase}} 62,313<ref name="worldometer">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Cases: Singapore|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/singapore/|website=worldometers.info}}</ref> | deaths = {{Steady}} 36<ref name="worldometer"/> | confirmed_cases = {{IncreaseNegative}} 62,652<ref name="worldometer"/> | active_cases = {{DecreasePositive}} 291 | suspected_cases = | fatality_rate = {{DecreasePositive}} {{Percentage|36|62652|2}} | total_ili = | website = {{url|https://www.moh.gov.sg/covid-19}} }} The '''COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore''' is part of the [[COVID-19 pandemic|worldwide pandemic]] of [[coronavirus disease 2019]] ({{nowrap|COVID-19}}) caused by [[severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus&nbsp;2]] ({{nowrap|SARS-CoV-2}}). The first case in [[:Singapore]] was confirmed on 23 January 2020. Early cases were primarily imported until local transmission began to develop in February and March. By late-March and April, COVID-19 clusters were detected at multiple sleeping quarters, for which soon contributed to an overwhelming proportion of new cases in the country. On 22 January 2020, a multi-ministerial committee was formed with then-Minister for National Development [[Lawrence Wong]] and then-Minister for Health [[Gan Kim Yong]] as the co-chairs and Prime Minister [[Lee Hsien Loong]] and [[Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore|Deputy Prime Minister]] and Minister for Finance [[Heng Swee Keat]] as advisors. On 23 April 2021, Lee announced the appointment of [[Ong Ye Kung]] as the new [[Ministry of Health (Singapore)|Minister for Health]], and another committee co-chair alongside incumbents Wong and Gan from 15 May 2021.<ref name="ST22Jan">{{cite web|title=Wuhan virus: MOH sets up multi-ministry taskforce, advises against non-essential trips to Wuhan|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/wuhan-virus-3-more-suspected-cases-in-singapore-avoid-non-essential-travel-to-wuhan|last1=Goh|first1=Timothy|date=22 January 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122134325/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/wuhan-virus-3-more-suspected-cases-in-singapore-avoid-non-essential-travel-to-wuhan|archive-date=22 January 2020|access-date=22 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/docs/librariesprovider5/default-document-library/multi-ministry-taskforce-on-wuhan-coronavirus-and-tor---final.pdf |title=Multi-Ministry Taskforce on Wuhan Coronavirus: Terms of Reference (TORs) and Composition |access-date=21 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321054236/https://www.moh.gov.sg/docs/librariesprovider5/default-document-library/multi-ministry-taskforce-on-wuhan-coronavirus-and-tor---final.pdf |archive-date=21 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Singapore also contributed US$500,000 to support the [[World Health Organization]]'s (WHO) efforts against COVID-19.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |title=Singapore contributes US$500,000 to support WHO efforts against COVID-19 |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-contributes-s-500-000-to-support-who-covid-19-efforts-12568566 |date=23 March 2020 |access-date=25 March 2020 |work=CNA |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325020159/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-contributes-s-500-000-to-support-who-covid-19-efforts-12568566 |archive-date=25 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> In response to the growing number of new cases in early 2020, Singapore enacted the "COVID-19 Control Order", announcing on 3 April 2020 a stringent set of preventive measures collectively called the "[[2020 Singapore circuit breaker measures|circuit breaker lockdown]]". Initially planned to be applied from 7 April to 4 May, the circuit breaker lockdown was extended to 1 June on 21 April following continued untraced transmission within the community. The Multi-Ministry Taskforce on 19 May announced the three-phased approach to resume activities safely with the gradual re-opening of economic activities in each phase;<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.gov.sg/article/ending-circuit-breaker-phased-approach-to-resuming-activities-safely |title=Ending circuit breaker: phased approach to resuming activities safely |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=28 May 2020 |website=gov.sg |access-date=14 May 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Phase 1 lasted for 17 days from 2 June and ended on 18 June, with Phase 2 lasting for 6 months and 8 days from 19 June to 27 December. Singapore was in Phase 3 from 28 December 2020 until 7 May 2021;<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/phase-3-covid-19-singapore-reopening-dec-28-pm-lee-13769528 |title=Singapore to start Phase 3 of COVID-19 reopening on Dec 28 |last=Chew |first=Hui Min |date=14 December 2020 |website=CNA |access-date=14 December 2020}}</ref> following a spike in community cases from late April to early May 2021, it temporarily reverted to Phase 2 on 8 May,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/cap-of-5-people-social-gatherings-household-visits-covid-19-moh-14742766 |title=Cap of 5 people for social gatherings, household visits to return as Singapore tightens COVID-19 measures |author=Jalelah Abu Baker |date=4 May 2021 |access-date=14 May 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> which was raised to "Phase 2 Heightened Alert" as a tightened measure from 16 May to 13 June.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 May 2021|title=Updates on Local Situation and Heightened Alert to Minimise Transmission|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/updates-on-local-situation-and-heightened-alert-to-minimise-transmission-14May|access-date=14 May 2021|website=moh.gov.sg}}</ref> Singapore is currently in "Phase 3 Heightened Alert",<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/cap-of-5-people-social-gatherings-dining-in-phase-3-covid-19-14985970 |title=Up to 5 in a group allowed from Jun 14; dining-in may resume on Jun 21 in phased easing of COVID-19 curbs |author=Jalelah Abu Baker |date=10 June 2021 |access-date=2 July 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> with a mass vaccination programme under way following the approval and acquisition of the [[Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine|Pfizer–BioNTech]] and [[Moderna COVID-19 vaccine|Moderna]] [[COVID-19 vaccine]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|date=27 December 2020|title=Government Accepts Recommendations of Expert Committee on COVID-19 Vaccination|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/government-accepts-recommendations-of-expert-committee-on-covid-19-vaccination|access-date=22 January 2021|website=moh.gov.sg}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=3 February 2021|title=Second COVID-19 Pandemic Vaccine Authorised for Use in Singapore|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/second-covid-19-vaccine-authorised-for-use-in-singapore|access-date=3 February 2021|website=moh.gov.sg}}</ref> As of 7 July 2021, 291 active cases remain out of a total of 62,652 confirmed cases, with 62,313 recoveries and 36 deaths.<ref name="worldometer"/> Singapore currently has a [[case fatality rate]] of 0.06%, the second-lowest in the world after [[COVID-19 pandemic in Bhutan|Bhutan]].<ref>https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/data/mortality></ref> It introduced what was considered one of the largest and best-organised epidemic control programs in the world, along with fellow neighbouring countries such as [[COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea|South Korea]] and [[COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam|Vietnam]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Barron |first=Laignee |date=13 March 2020 |title=What We Can Learn From Singapore, Taiwan and Hong Kong About Handling Coronavirus |url=https://time.com/5802293/coronavirus-covid19-singapore-hong-kong-taiwan/ |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=24 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324174105/https://time.com/5802293/coronavirus-covid19-singapore-hong-kong-taiwan/ |archive-date=24 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Geddie |first1=John |last2=Aravindan |first2=Aradhana |date=17 September 2020 |title=Why is Singapore's COVID-19 death rate the world's lowest |work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-singapore-explaine/explainer-why-singapores-covid-19-death-rate-is-the-worlds-lowest-idUSKBN2680TH |access-date=17 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003221123/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-singapore-explaine/explainer-why-singapores-covid-19-death-rate-is-the-worlds-lowest-idUSKBN2680TH |archive-date=3 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Various measures have been taken to mass [[COVID-19 testing|test]] the population for the virus, such as isolating any infected people as well as introducing [[contact tracing]] apps such as [[TraceTogether]] (both app and token) and strictly [[quarantining]] those they had close contact with. Such measures has helped avoid further [[COVID-19 lockdowns|lockdowns]] after the end of the [[2020 Singapore circuit breaker measures|circuit breaker lockdown measures]] in June 2020. == Epidemiology == Okay so covid 19 is a virus caused by those fat chinese men === Background === Conclusion, idk lol == Domestic impact == === Legal impact === To stop the spread of COVID-19, the COVID-19 (Temporary Measures) Act 2020 and its Control Order Regulations 2020<ref>{{Cite web|title=MOH &#124; COVID-19 (Temporary Measures) (Control Order) Regulations|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/policies-and-legislation/covid-19-(temporary-measures)-(control-order)-regulations|website=moh.gov.sg}}</ref> was brought into force. These rules banned gatherings and led some to be charged in court,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-coronavirus-why-some-people-not-charged-court-12811008|title=COVID-19 court cases: Why have some people not been charged?|website=CNA}}</ref> fined or even jailed for offences related to these laws.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/COVID19TMA2020|title=COVID-19 (Temporary Measures) Act 2020 – Singapore Statutes Online|website=sso.agc.gov.sg}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/COVID19TMA2020-S254-2020|title=COVID-19 (Temporary Measures) (Control Order) Regulations 2020 – Singapore Statutes Online|website=sso.agc.gov.sg}}</ref> A number of people who were on work passes have had their passes revoked and have also been permanently banned from working in Singapore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=140 Work Passes Revoked for Breach of Circuit Breaker Measures, Stay-Home Notices or Quarantine Orders|url=https://www.mom.gov.sg/newsroom/press-releases/2020/0625-140-work-passes-revoked-for-breach-of-circuit-breaker-measures-shn-qo|access-date=25 June 2020|website=Ministry of Manpower Singapore|language=en}}</ref> === Economic impact === The ongoing pandemic is likely to have a significant impact on the local economy. On 17 February 2020, the [[Ministry of Trade and Industry (Singapore)|Ministry of Trade and Industry]] (MTI) downgraded Singapore's forecast [[GDP growth]] to between −0.5% and 1.5%.<ref name="MTIForecast">{{Cite news |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-cuts-2020-gdp-forecast-covid-19-economy-12440764 |title=Singapore cuts 2020 GDP forecast range to −0.5% to 1.5% due to COVID-19 outbreak |access-date=5 March 2020 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302172134/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-cuts-2020-gdp-forecast-covid-19-economy-12440764 |archive-date=2 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> This is largely due to the fall in tourism and social distancing restrictions.<ref name="MTIForecast"/> On 26 March, MTI said it believed that the economy would contract by between 1% and 4% in 2020. This was after the economy shrank some 2.2% in the first quarter of 2020 from the same quarter in 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/26/coronavirus-singapore-releases-first-quarter-gdp-advance-estimates.html|title=Singapore expects its economy to shrink in 2020 due to the coronavirus pandemic|last=Lee|first=Yen Nee|date=26 March 2020|publisher=CNBC|language=en|access-date=26 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326080729/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/26/coronavirus-singapore-releases-first-quarter-gdp-advance-estimates.html|archive-date=26 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On 26 May, the Singapore economy contracted 0.7%YoY, which was better than the expected contraction of 2.2%. However, MTI said that it was revising down its expectation for the Singapore economy in 2020 to shrink by 4% to 7%.<ref>{{Cite web|title=S'pore heads for deeper recession: 2020 growth forecast cut to between −7 and −4% on Covid-19 impact|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/business/economy/spore-to-sink-into-deeper-recession-than-expected-2020-growth-forecast-cut-to|last=hermesauto|date=26 May 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref> Economists were behind the curve in downgrading their numbers. The IMF for example, predicted in October 2019 that growth in 2020 would be 1%, but as a result of COVID-19, had changed their expectation in October 2020 to a contraction of 6%.<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Economic Outlook, October 2019: Global Manufacturing Downturn, Rising Trade Barriers|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2019/10/01/world-economic-outlook-october-2019|access-date=22 November 2020|website=IMF|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=World Economic Outlook, October 2020: A Long and Difficult Ascent|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2020/09/30/world-economic-outlook-october-2020|access-date=22 November 2020|website=IMF|language=en}}</ref> Other institutions initially expected the economy to expand but had to revise their numbers.<ref>{{Cite web|last=hermes|date=23 April 2020|title=Citi: Singapore economy set to shrink by 8.5% this year|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/business/economy/citi-spore-economy-set-to-shrink-by-85-this-year|access-date=15 September 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> On 2 April 2020, the rating's agency Moody's downgraded the Singapore banking sector from "stable" outlook to a "negative" outlook on the back of rising bad loans and deteriorating profitability as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/coronavirus-covid-19-banks-uob-ocbc-dbs-moodys-12602064|title=Moody's cuts outlook for Singapore banks on COVID-19 fallout|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=2 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404023853/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/coronavirus-covid-19-banks-uob-ocbc-dbs-moodys-12602064|archive-date=4 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> It was estimated by the economist Chua Hak Bin, the lockdown "circuit breaker" beginning on 7 April could impact the economy to the tune of S$10&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Vishnoi|first1=Abhishek|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-09/singapore-s-partial-lockdown-seen-costing-economy-s-20-billion?srnd=markets-vp|title=Singapore Partial Lockdown to Cost Economy S$10 Billion|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.|access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref> With the lockdown imposed on foreign workers, there were concerns that there could be delays in construction work of up to six months.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-construction-projects-delay-manpower-crunch-backlog-12673450|title=COVID-19: Construction projects could be delayed months, as contractors fear manpower crunch when clearing backlog|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=26 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426070348/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-construction-projects-delay-manpower-crunch-backlog-12673450|archive-date=26 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Senior Minister of State for Trade and Industry [[Chee Hong Tat]] announced that some 3,800 companies had closed in April 2020, only slightly higher than the 3,700 reported on average for the same month in the past 5 years. Though he warned that this would likely rise in the coming months. Despite this only small increase in companies shutting down, the number of companies starting up had declined by about a third from the average April since 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About 3,800 companies closed down in April; expect uptick in coming months: Chee Hong Tat|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/3800-business-closures-april-uptick-ahead-covid19-coronavirus-12802912|access-date=6 June 2020|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> On 6 April 2020, it was announced in [[Parliament of Singapore|Parliament]] that [[Singapore Changi Airport|Changi Airport]] [[Infrastructure of Singapore Changi Airport#Terminal 2|Terminal 2]] would be suspended from 1 May 2020 for 18 months due to the ongoing pandemic.<ref>{{cite web|title=Parliament: Changi Airport T2 operations to be suspended for 18 months amid coronavirus outbreak|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/operations-at-changi-airport-t2-to-be-suspended-for-18-months-amid-coronavirus-outbreak|last1=Toh|first1=Ting Wei|date=6 April 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=6 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407044150/http://www.straitstimes.com/politics/operations-at-changi-airport-t2-to-be-suspended-for-18-months-amid-coronavirus-outbreak|archive-date=7 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Infrastructure of Singapore Changi Airport#Terminal 4|Terminal 4]] would later be suspended on 16 May indefinitely as well, with the aim to restart operations when travel demand returns.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|title=Changi Airport Terminal 4 to suspend operations amid COVID-19 pandemic|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-changi-airport-terminal-4-suspend-operations-12723918|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517065634/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-changi-airport-terminal-4-suspend-operations-12723918|archive-date=17 May 2020|access-date=12 May 2020|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> The suspension of Terminal 2 would also allow the ongoing expansion work which was announced in January 2020 to be completed up to a year ahead of schedule in 2023 instead of 2024.<ref>{{cite web|title=Changi Airport's Terminal 2 to get extensive makeover with more space, nature-inspired design|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/changi-airports-terminal-2-to-get-extensive-makeover-with-more-space-nature|last1=Wong|first1=Kai Yi|date=16 January 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=7 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406163226/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/changi-airports-terminal-2-to-get-extensive-makeover-with-more-space-nature|archive-date=6 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The airlines which were operating from these two terminals were largely consolidated into the remaining Terminals 1 and 3, with some airlines remained suspended until further notice.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Consolidation of Terminal Operations {{!}} Singapore Changi Airport|url=https://www.changiairport.com/corporate/media-centre/newsroom/consolidation-of-terminal-operations.html|access-date=27 October 2020|website=www.changiairport.com|language=en}}</ref> In November 2020, the MTI announced Singapore's economy contracted 5.8% in the third quarter from the same period in 2019. It also expected the economy to shrink contract by between 6% and 6.5% in 2020, though in 2021 it expected an expansion of between 4% and 6% next year.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lee|first=Yen Nee|date=23 November 2020|title=Singapore's economy is set to rebound in 2021 as third-quarter contraction slows|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/11/23/singapore-releases-third-quarter-2020-gdp-economic-data.html|access-date=24 November 2020|publisher=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> ==== Employment ==== Data released by the [[Ministry of Manpower (Singapore)|Ministry of Manpower]] showed that total employment contracted by 57,000 in 2020, which was the biggest drop since SARS in 2003.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/employment-unemployment-rate-q1-2020-mom-12687128|title=Singapore's total employment plunges in Q1, sharpest drop since SARS|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=29 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501221440/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/employment-unemployment-rate-q1-2020-mom-12687128|archive-date=1 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Foreign workers were vulnerable to being let go during the crisis as support measures such as the Jobs Support Scheme were primarily targeted as subsidising the wages of <u>local</u> staff not all employees. There were some 22,200 fewer foreign employees (excluding domestic workers) between December 2019 and March 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore firms trying to retain foreign staff, but this group likely first to go|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/firms-trying-to-retain-foreign-staff-but-this-group-likely-first-to-go|last=hermes|date=11 May 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=11 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511083147/http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/firms-trying-to-retain-foreign-staff-but-this-group-likely-first-to-go|archive-date=11 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Ministry of Manpower reported that unemployment in the first quarter of 2020 rose to 2.4 per cent from 2.3 per cent the quarter previously, the highest in a decade, while among Singaporeans it rose from 3.3 per cent to 3.5 per cent.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/unemployment-jobless-highest-10-years-retrenchments-mom-12835166 |title=Singapore's jobless rate highest in 10 years, total employment registers record decline in Q1 |last=Phua |first=Rachel |date=15 June 2020 |website=CNA |language=en |access-date=15 June 2020}}</ref> As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, various companies like Resorts World Sentosa reduced a significant amount of its workforce.<ref>{{Cite news|date=15 July 2020|title=Genting Singapore's Resorts World Sentosa lays off staff|language=en|agency=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/genting-singapore-layoffs-idUSP8N2DN04X|access-date=15 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=hermesauto|date=15 July 2020|title=Resorts World Sentosa to retrench staff amid 'devastating impact' of Covid-19 pandemic|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/manpower/coronavirus-resorts-world-sentosa-to-retrench-staff-amid-devastating-impact-of|access-date=15 July 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> Local firms had to take aggressive action to deal with effects of the pandemic. For example, on 10 September 2020, Singapore Airlines announced that it would cut around 4,300 positions across its group.<ref>{{Cite web|title=SIA Group To Rationalise Staff Numbers Amid Unprecedented Global Aviation Crisis|url=https://www.singaporeair.com/en_UK/sg/media-centre/press-release/article/?q=en_UK/2020/July-September/ne1420-200910|access-date=15 September 2020|website=singaporeair.com}}</ref> On 15 September 2020, United Overseas Bank announced that it was limiting hiring.<ref>{{Cite web|last=hermesauto|date=15 September 2020|title=UOB freezes wages, slows hiring amid continued fallout from Covid-19|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/business/banking/uob-freezes-wages-slows-hiring-amid-continued-fallout-from-covid-19|access-date=15 September 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> ==== Inflation ==== The overall inflation dropped to 0.3% in February 2020 on a year-by-year basis. Core inflation, which excludes the costs of accommodation and private road transport, dropped to −0.1%, the first time this decade that core inflation turned negative. This was also due to supply chains being disrupted due to COVID-19.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tan |first1=Sue-Ann |title=Singapore core inflation turned negative in February, 1st time in decade, as coronavirus upends travel |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/business/economy/core-inflation-turns-negative-in-february-as-coronavirus-sees-drop-in-airfares |work=The Straits Times |access-date=23 March 2020 |date=23 March 2020 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323122300/https://www.straitstimes.com/business/economy/core-inflation-turns-negative-in-february-as-coronavirus-sees-drop-in-airfares |archive-date=23 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Stocks ==== On 9 March 2020, the [[Straits Times Index]] [[Black Monday (2020)|fell]] 6.03% owing to the impact of COVID-19, made worse by the [[2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war|oil price war]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tang |first1=See Kit |title=Singapore stocks near 4-year low as oil rout, COVID-19 fears send investors 'dumping everything' |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/singapore-stocks-four-year-low-oil-rout-covid19-fears-12518786 |website=CNA |access-date=10 March 2020 |date=9 March 2020}}</ref> The Index dropped again three days later by 3.8% after more measures are announced with the [[World Health Organization]] declaring a pandemic.<ref>{{cite web |title=Global stocks plunge into bear market with pandemic declared, Trump travel ban; STI down 3.8% |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/business/companies-markets/bear-market-fears-spread-to-asia-as-pandemic-declared-eyes-on-trump |website=The Straits Times |access-date=13 March 2020 |date=12 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312224602/https://www.straitstimes.com/business/companies-markets/bear-market-fears-spread-to-asia-as-pandemic-declared-eyes-on-trump |archive-date=12 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Monetary policy ==== The [[Monetary Authority of Singapore]] (MAS) brought forward its twice year meeting from some time in April to 30 March 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/mas-bring-forward-monetary-policy-statement-12568182|title=MAS brings forward monetary policy statement, firming easing bets|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=24 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324194740/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/mas-bring-forward-monetary-policy-statement-12568182|archive-date=24 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The MAS has since decided to ease the Singapore dollar's appreciation rate to zero per cent, as well as adjust the policy band downwards, the first such move since the [[Financial crisis of 2007–08|Global Financial Crisis]]. This makes it the first time the MAS had taken these two measures together.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Subhani |first1=Ovais |title=MAS sets zero appreciation path for Singdollar at lower level in easing move as economy heads for recession |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/business/economy/mas-sets-zero-appreciation-path-for-singdollar-at-lower-level-in-easing-move |website=The Straits Times |access-date=30 March 2020 |date=30 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330024607/https://www.straitstimes.com/business/economy/mas-sets-zero-appreciation-path-for-singdollar-at-lower-level-in-easing-move |archive-date=30 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Unusually, on 6 April, the central bank also announced that it would bring forward its disclosure of foreign exchange intervention to 9 April. It was previously scheduled to be published in June.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-central-bank-mas-disclosure-forex-intervention-12613354|title=Singapore central bank brings forward disclosure of forex intervention operations|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=6 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406104500/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-central-bank-mas-disclosure-forex-intervention-12613354|archive-date=6 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> In September, Citi argued that a downward re-centring for the MAS SGD NEER in October 2020 could still take place.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Leow|first=Annabeth|date=25 August 2020|title=MAS expected to stand pat on Singapore dollar despite inflation slide|url=https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/government-economy/mas-expected-to-stand-pat-on-singapore-dollar-despite-inflation-slide|access-date=15 September 2020|website=The Business Times|language=en}}</ref> == Tourism == As one of the countries highly affected by the pandemic, tourism in Singapore has fallen, with the [[Singapore Tourism Board]] experiencing its largest drop in visitor arrivals from the previous year.<ref name="STBDrop">{{Cite news|last=Tay|first=Tiffany Fumioko|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapores-visitor-arrivals-projected-to-drop-by-up-to-30-amid-coronavirus-outbreak|title=Singapore's visitor arrivals down by about 20,000 a day amid coronavirus outbreak|date=11 February 2020|access-date=5 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303182212/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapores-visitor-arrivals-projected-to-drop-by-up-to-30-amid-coronavirus-outbreak|archive-date=3 March 2020|language=en}}</ref> Several countries have imposed travel restrictions on Singapore.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=25 February 2020 |title=Coronavirus: Which countries have imposed travel restrictions? |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-which-countries-have-imposed-travel-restrictions |work=The Straits Times |language=en |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301182056/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-which-countries-have-imposed-travel-restrictions |archive-date=1 March 2020 |access-date=6 March 2020}}</ref> Prime Minister [[Lee Hsien Loong]] encouraged Singaporeans to go on a local 'staycation' to mitigate the fall in demand for tourism, but this was not possible during the circuit breaker from 7 April 2020 to 1 June 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theonlinecitizen.com/2020/03/05/netizens-appreciate-pm-lees-call-to-supporting-local-tourism-but-some-say-its-too-expensive/|title=Netizens appreciate PM Lee's call to supporting local tourism; but some say it's too expensive|date=5 March 2020|work=The Online Citizen|access-date=5 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306154117/https://www.theonlinecitizen.com/2020/03/05/netizens-appreciate-pm-lees-call-to-supporting-local-tourism-but-some-say-its-too-expensive/|archive-date=6 March 2020|language=en-GB}}</ref> Retail industry was also affected by the pandemic, though it has been steadily recovering since the transition to phase 3.<ref>{{Cite web|last=hermesauto|date=24 November 2020|title=Singapore retailers' reliance on local demand may not be sustainable: Survey|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/business/economy/singapore-retailers-reliance-on-local-demand-may-not-be-sustainable-amex-survey|access-date=24 November 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> On 15 December 2020, Minister for Trade and Industry [[Chan Chun Sing]] announced a new initiative, Connect@Singapore. It is part of Singapore's efforts to re-open its borders in a controlled and safe manner and facilitates essential global business exchanges and support the revival of Singapore's air hub status and hospitality sector.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Connect Singapore boosts Singapore efforts to re-open borders in controlled and safe manner|url=https://www.mti.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Releases/2020/12/Connect-Singapore-boosts-Singapore-efforts-to-re-open-borders-in-controlled-and-safe-manner|access-date=20 March 2021|website=mti.gov.sg}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Connect@Singapore Pilot {{!}} STB|url=https://www.stb.gov.sg/content/stb/en/home-pages/connect-singapore-pilot.html|access-date=20 March 2021|website=www.stb.gov.sg}}</ref> On 8 May 2021, the UK announced that it would allow people in England to resume international travel from 17 May, but would limit the number of destinations open for quarantine-free holidays to just a handful of countries as it cautiously eases lockdown restrictions. Singapore is among a few countries which made the green list for travel in a system that will be reviewed every three weeks.<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 May 2021|title=Britain to reopen foreign holidays to just a handful of countries|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/uk/airlines-british-holidaymakers-brace-limited-travel-restart-2021-05-06/|access-date=8 May 2021|agency=Reuters}}</ref> === Air Travel Bubbles (ATB) === In the early days of the coronavirus pandemic, even as nations shut their borders and airlines struggled with record-low passenger levels, there was a lot of optimism about “travel bubbles” — a controlled return of quarantine-free air travel between designated cities or countries. Since then, with few countries’ outbreaks truly under control, there has been far more chatter about potential travel bubbles than there have been actual bubbles implemented. ==== With New Zealand and Brunei ==== On 1 September 2020, applications for "green lane" travel bubbles for travellers from New Zealand and Brunei were opened. Visitors from those 2 countries would be required to take a COVID-19 test on arrival at Changi Airport and self-isolate until they received a negative test result, but otherwise did not have to stay in quarantine upon arrival in Singapore. This was provided they have remained in the country for the last consecutive 14 days prior to their visit to Singapore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore opens 'travel bubble' for New Zealanders – Australasian Leisure Management|url=https://www.ausleisure.com.au/news/singapore-opens-travel-bubble-for-new-zealanders/|access-date=18 May 2021|website=ausleisure.com.au}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore opens New Zealand travel bubble|url=https://www.executivetraveller.com/news/singapore-opens-new-zealand-travel-bubble?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=share|access-date=18 May 2021|website=Executive Traveller|language=en}}</ref> On 20 May 2021, Brunei announced that it would be suspending its "green lane" travel bubble with Singapore until further notice.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: Brunei suspends reciprocal green lane arrangement with Singapore|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/brunei-suspends-reciprocal-green-lane-singapore-14849522|access-date=20 May 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> ==== With Hong Kong ==== On 11 November 2020, Hong Kong and Singapore have agreed to launch a travel bubble to restart tourism without needing to quarantine at the other end.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hong Kong Singapore Air Travel Bubble|url=https://www.tourism.gov.hk/travelbubble|access-date=2021-07-03|website=www.tourism.gov.hk|language=en}}</ref> It was hoped that having a quarantine-free travel would boost tourism and business between the two Asian hubs cities, though anyone travelling between the two cities will have to undergo a compulsory COVID-19 test before they flew.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Jessie Yeung and Pauline Lockwood|title=Hong Kong and Singapore confirm date for launch of new 'travel bubble'|url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/hong-kong-singapore-travel-bubble-intl-hnk-scli/index.html|access-date=26 April 2021|publisher=CNN|language=en}}</ref> The travel bubble was scheduled to start on 22 November 2020. However, the day before the launch, both cities announced that it would be deferred by two weeks until early December. This was due to a sudden spike in new infections in Hong Kong.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Limited|first=Bangkok Post Public Company|title=Hong Kong-Singapore travel bubble delay dims rebound hopes|work=Bangkok Post|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/2024307/hong-kong-singapore-travel-bubble-delay-dims-rebound-hopes|access-date=24 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=21 November 2020|title=Covid-19: Hong Kong-Singapore travel corridor postponed|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-55027305|access-date=22 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Nectar Gan, Akanksha Sharma and Pauline Lockwood|title=The much-hyped Hong Kong-Singapore 'travel bubble' is postponed amid Covid-19 spike|url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/hk-singapore-travel-bubble-delay-intl-hnk/index.html|access-date=24 November 2020|publisher=CNN|language=en}}</ref> On 1 December, the launch date was deferred again to beyond December 2020. This showed the complexities involved in opening up, even between countries which had coronavirus infections under control. On 29 March 2021, Singapore resumed discussions with Hong Kong after the latter city experienced a significant decline in its daily local COVID-19 cases.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore studying proposal from Hong Kong to reopen borders safely: Ong Ye Kung|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-hong-kong-air-travel-bubble-proposal-ong-ye-kung-14518180|access-date=30 March 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> On 26 April, both Singapore and Hong Kong confirmed that the air travel bubble would officially re-launch on 26 May.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore, Hong Kong to relaunch travel bubble on May 26|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-singapore-hong-kong-travel-bubble-ong-ye-kung-14696014|access-date=26 April 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=22 April 2021|title=Singapore, Hong Kong Delay Travel Bubble Announcement Again|language=en|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-04-22/singapore-hong-kong-said-to-delay-travel-bubble-announcement|access-date=8 May 2021}}</ref> However, after a spike in local infections triggered fresh restrictions in Singapore in late April, Singapore's government stated on 6 May that it would assess any potential changes to the travel bubble.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore monitoring COVID-19 situation as cases rise ahead of Hong Kong travel bubble|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid19-singapore-hong-kong-air-travel-bubbl-unlinked-cases-14747506|access-date=8 May 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> While Hong Kong's Secretary for Commerce and Economic Development, [[Edward Yau]] Tang-wah, initially assured on 12 May that the travel bubble would launch as scheduled,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus: Hong Kong-Singapore travel bubble to launch as scheduled this month despite recent cases, commerce minister says|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/health-environment/article/3133179/coronavirus-hong-kong-singapore-travel-bubble?1|access-date=12 May 2021|website=South China Morning Post|language=en}}</ref> it was later announced on 17 May that the travel bubble would once again be put on hold. A new launch date would be reviewed near the end of Phase 2 (Heightened Alert), which lasts until 13 June.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: Singapore-Hong Kong air travel bubble to be deferred for a second time|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-singapore-hong-kong-air-travel-bubble-deferred-14826794|access-date=18 May 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> ==== With Taiwan ==== On 18 March 2021, Taiwan's Health Minister [[Chen Shih-chung]] announced that Singapore and Taiwan were in talks about possible air travel bubble between the 2 countries.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore and Taiwan in talks about possible travel bubble: Reports|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-taiwan-travel-bubble-reports-14445856|access-date=18 May 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=hermesauto|date=18 March 2021|title=Taiwan says Singapore next in line for potential Covid-19 travel bubble|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/taiwan-says-singapore-next-in-line-for-potential-travel-bubble|access-date=18 May 2021|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> Singapore's Transport Minister [[Ong Ye Kung]] stated on 26 April that a proposal was submitted to Taiwan to establish an air travel bubble along with a proposal to mutually recognise vaccination certificates, during a press conference to announce a new date for the start of Singapore's air travel bubble with Hong Kong.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tuesday|first=27 April 2021 08:16&nbsp;am MYT|title=Singapore submits air travel bubble proposal to Taiwan {{!}} Malay Mail|url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/singapore/2021/04/27/singapore-submits-air-travel-bubble-proposal-to-taiwan/1969729|access-date=18 May 2021|website=The Malay Mail|language=en}}</ref> However, the possibility of the travel bubble faded on 6 May, when Singapore banned all short-term visitors from Taiwan following a surge in new local infections in the latter country.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: Singapore tightens border measures with Taiwan; Singaporean, PR travellers to serve 21-day stay-home notice|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/citizens-prs-travel-history-taiwan-21-day-shn-moh-14816878|access-date=16 May 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Taiwan reports record 16 new domestic cases, may raise COVID-19 alert level|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/taiwan-covid-19-alert-level-restrictions-stock-market-14793526|access-date=16 May 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> ==== With Australia ==== Australia's Deputy Prime Minister [[Michael McCormack (Australian politician)|Michael McCormack]] announced on 14 March 2021 that Australia was working with Singapore about establishing a potential travel bubble in July, which was confirmed by Singapore the same day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 March 2021 |title=Australia says it's working on travel bubble with Singapore |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/australianz/australia-says-working-on-travel-bubble-with-singapore |access-date=15 March 2021 |website=The Straits Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 March 2021 |title=Singapore, Australia in discussions on travel bubble |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/australia-singapore-travel-bubble-covid-19-july-14402804 |access-date=31 May 2021 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 April 2021 |title=The NZ travel bubble is open — and more destinations could be on the horizon |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-04-19/nz-travel-bubble-singapore-pacific-international-flights/100078130 |access-date=18 May 2021 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |language=en-AU}}</ref> However, hopes for a travel bubble between Singapore and Australia were dealt another blow as Singapore tightened restrictions on its citizens and on incoming travellers, as it confronted its first significant cluster of COVID-19 cases in months.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barrett |first=Chris |date=5 May 2021 |title=Setback for Australian bubble hopes with Singapore on new virus alert |url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/asia/setback-for-australian-bubble-hopes-with-singapore-on-new-virus-alert-20210504-p57ox0.html |access-date=18 May 2021 |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |language=en}}</ref> === Events === Due to the [[2019–20 Hong Kong protests|2019 Hong Kong protests]], many [[Meetings, incentives, conferencing, exhibitions|conferences and exhibitions]] were transferred to Singapore.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.traveldailymedia.com/hong-kong-turmoil-benefits-singapore-mice-hotels/|title=Hong Kong turmoil benefits Singapore MICE, hotels|date=3 September 2019|website=Travel Daily|language=en-US|access-date=28 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328082606/https://www.traveldailymedia.com/hong-kong-turmoil-benefits-singapore-mice-hotels/|archive-date=28 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/ajimpact/hong-kongs-losses-singapores-gain-survey-shows-190913045929650.html|title=Hong Kong's losses may be Singapore's gain, new survey shows|publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=28 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328082604/https://www.aljazeera.com/ajimpact/hong-kongs-losses-singapores-gain-survey-shows-190913045929650.html|archive-date=28 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> However, as a result of COVID-19 pandemic, many events were postponed, cancelled or switched virtually. 70 exhibitors of the Singapore Airshow 2020, including US aerospace giant [[Lockheed Martin]], [[Raytheon Technologies|Raytheon]] and South Korea's [[Black Eagles aerobatic team|Black Eagles]] decided to pull out over concerns about the coronavirus outbreak.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/singapore-airshow-hit-virus-fears-70-exhibitors-pull-074510700.html|title=Singapore Airshow hit by virus fears as 70 exhibitors pull out|publisher=Yahoo! News|language=en-US|access-date=11 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210160754/https://news.yahoo.com/singapore-airshow-hit-virus-fears-70-exhibitors-pull-074510700.html|archive-date=10 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/business/companies-markets/some-exhibitors-drop-out-of-singapore-airshow-due-to-wuhan-virus|title=Coronavirus keeps exhibitors away from Singapore Airshow; Korea's Black Eagles not coming|last1=Wong|first1=Kai Yi|date=3 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|access-date=24 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224071128/https://www.straitstimes.com/business/companies-markets/some-exhibitors-drop-out-of-singapore-airshow-due-to-wuhan-virus|archive-date=24 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/business/economy/major-summit-on-eve-of-singapore-airshow-canceled-on-coronavirus-fears|title=Singapore Airshow to go ahead despite fewer exhibitors, with stepped-up coronavirus measures|last1=Wong|first1=Kai Yi|date=4 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|access-date=24 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228043522/https://www.straitstimes.com/business/economy/major-summit-on-eve-of-singapore-airshow-canceled-on-coronavirus-fears|archive-date=28 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/world/united-states/lockheed-martin-drops-out-of-singapore-airshow-over-coronavirus-concerns|title=Pentagon official, Lockheed Martin and Raytheon pull out of Singapore Airshow over coronavirus concerns|date=8 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|access-date=1 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301174317/https://www.straitstimes.com/world/united-states/lockheed-martin-drops-out-of-singapore-airshow-over-coronavirus-concerns|archive-date=1 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The Global Grain Conference in Singapore was also cancelled.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-globalgrain-idUSKBN20422O|title=Global Grain conference in Singapore postponed due to coronavirus|date=10 February 2020|agency=Reuters|access-date=10 February 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211013758/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-globalgrain-idUSKBN20422O|archive-date=11 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mediacorp]] postponed its [[Star Awards]] ceremony to 2021 and held it at the Jewel Changi Airport due to the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cnalifestyle.channelnewsasia.com/trending/star-awards-2020-postponed-mediacorp-singapore-12448978|title=Mediacorp postpones Star Awards 2020 over COVID-19 concerns|date=19 February 2020|website=CNA|access-date=20 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219125448/https://cnalifestyle.channelnewsasia.com/trending/star-awards-2020-postponed-mediacorp-singapore-12448978|archive-date=19 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Launched in 2002, the [[Shangri-La Dialogue]] defence summit, which had been held every year in Singapore, was cancelled for second year running in 2020 and 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/shangri-la-dialogue-2020-cancelled-over-covid-19-outbreak-12585246|title=Shangri-La Dialogue 2020 cancelled over COVID-19 pandemic|website=CNA|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328083527/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/shangri-la-dialogue-2020-cancelled-over-covid-19-outbreak-12585246|archive-date=28 March 2020|access-date=28 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Shangri-La Dialogue in Singapore cancelled amid uncertain COVID-19 situation|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/shangri-la-dialogue-singapore-cancelled-uncertain-covid-19-14848814|access-date=21 May 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> The 2020 [[HSBC Women's World Championship]], a women's golf tournament initially scheduled from 27 February to 1 March, was cancelled.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/sport/golf/golf-feb27-march-1-hsbc-womens-world-championship-at-sentosa-cancelled-due-to-coronavirus|title=Golf: 27 Feb – 1 March HSBC Women's World Championship at Sentosa cancelled due to coronavirus|last1=Lee|first1=David|date=10 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|access-date=6 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214091943/https://www.straitstimes.com/sport/golf/golf-feb27-march-1-hsbc-womens-world-championship-at-sentosa-cancelled-due-to-coronavirus|archive-date=14 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/sport/wuhan-virus-hsbc-womens-golf-cancelled-12416324|title=HSBC Women's golf in Singapore cancelled because of coronavirus|date=10 February 2020|website=CNA|access-date=6 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501073331/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/sport/wuhan-virus-hsbc-womens-golf-cancelled-12416324|archive-date=1 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The 12th session of [[Pink Dot SG]] (which was scheduled to be held on 27 June at [[Hong Lim Park]]) was replaced by a [[Live streaming|livestreaming session]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid19-pink-dot-hong-lim-park-cancelled-livestream-12542574|title=No Pink Dot rally at Hong Lim Park due to coronavirus: Organisers|date=16 March 2020|website=CNA|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322102702/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid19-pink-dot-hong-lim-park-cancelled-livestream-12542574|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=22 March 2020}}</ref> Singer [[Miriam Yeung]] postponed a concert that was initially scheduled on 8 February 2020. It was initially rescheduled to 30 January 2021 – amid the government's safe re-opening measures – and was eventually cancelled.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ang|first1=Benson|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/wuhan-virus-miriam-yeungs-feb-8-singapore-concert-postponed-until-further|title=Wuhan virus: Miriam Yeung's 8 Feb Singapore concert postponed until further notice|access-date=24 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|date=28 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224064425/https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/wuhan-virus-miriam-yeungs-feb-8-singapore-concert-postponed-until-further|archive-date=24 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> More concerts followed suit, including K-pop concerts by [[Taeyeon]], [[NCT (group)|NCT Group]],<ref>{{cite web|last1=Abdul Hadi|first1=Eddino|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/wuhan-virus-two-k-pop-concerts-in-singapore-postponed|title=Wuhan virus: Two K-pop concerts in Singapore postponed|access-date=24 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|date=30 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224065400/https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/wuhan-virus-two-k-pop-concerts-in-singapore-postponed|archive-date=24 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Got7]] (initially scheduled on 22 February),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/wuhan-virus-k-pop-boy-band-got7s-singapore-concert-on-feb-22-postponed|title=Wuhan virus: K-pop boy band Got7's Singapore concert on 22 Feb postponed|access-date=24 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|date=31 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224065844/https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/wuhan-virus-k-pop-boy-band-got7s-singapore-concert-on-feb-22-postponed|archive-date=24 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Stage Club play,<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |last1=Lee |first1=Jan |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/k-pop-group-winners-concert-huayi-events-stage-club-play-cancelled-or-postponed-due-to |title=K-pop group Winner's concert, Huayi events, Stage Club play cancelled or postponed due to coronavirus outbreak |access-date=24 February 2020 |website=The Straits Times |date=3 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224071131/https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/k-pop-group-winners-concert-huayi-events-stage-club-play-cancelled-or-postponed-due-to |archive-date=24 February 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Welsh singer [[Novo Amor]] (postponed to July),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/coronavirus-welsh-singer-novo-amor-reschedules-singapore-concert |title=Coronavirus: Welsh singer Novo Amor reschedules Singapore concert |access-date=24 February 2020 |website=The Straits Times |date=6 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224073129/https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/coronavirus-welsh-singer-novo-amor-reschedules-singapore-concert |archive-date=24 February 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[98 Degrees]] (initially scheduled on 20 February),<ref>{{cite web |last1=Abdul Hadi |first1=Eddino |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/coronavirus-american-pop-group-98deg-postpone-singapore-concert |title=Coronavirus: American pop group 98° postpone Singapore concert |date=7 February 2020 |website=The Straits Times |access-date=1 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301175836/https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/entertainment/coronavirus-american-pop-group-98deg-postpone-singapore-concert |archive-date=1 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> and First Fleet (a Mandarin play initially from 14 to 23 February, rescheduled to March 2021).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ang |first1=Benson |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/arts/mandarin-play-first-fleet-rescheduled |title=Mandarin play First Fleet rescheduled |date=7 February 2020 |website=The Straits Times |access-date=1 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301174316/https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/arts/mandarin-play-first-fleet-rescheduled |archive-date=1 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> K-pop band [[Winner (band)|Winner]] cancelled its concert, which was scheduled to be held on 8 February. Several Huayi events in [[Esplanade – Theatres on the Bay|Esplanade]] were cancelled due to travel restrictions.<ref name="auto1" /> On 12 June 2020, it was announced that the [[Singapore Grand Prix]], due to be held on 20 September 2020, would be cancelled.<ref>{{cite web|title=2020 Singapore Grand Prix cancelled due to 'continuing nationwide restrictions' brought about by COVID-19 pandemic |author=Matthew Mohan |date=12 June 2020 |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/sport/singapore-grand-prix-cancelled-f1-2020-covid-19-12829704 |website=CNA |language=en |access-date=12 June 2020}}</ref> Organisers of the Marina Bay Singapore Countdown had announced on 5 November 2020 that there will be no fireworks display and countdown at [[Marina Bay, Singapore|Marina Bay]], instead, light shows will be held instead together with heartland fireworks and that the event would be streamed online and on television by [[Mediacorp]].<ref>{{cite news |title=No fireworks at Marina Bay on New Year's Eve amid COVID-19 pandemic |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/new-year-eve-countdown-no-fireworks-marina-bay-13471124 |access-date=11 November 2020 |work=CNA |date=5 November 2020}}</ref> On 7 December 2020, organisers of the annual [[World Economic Forum]] event announced that they have decided to hold its 2021 annual meeting in Singapore, from 25–28 May, instead of its traditional home of Switzerland, which is battling a rising number of coronavirus infections.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Allassan|first=Fadel|title=2021 World Economic Forum to be held in Singapore instead of Davos|url=https://www.axios.com/world-economic-forum-singapore-davos-f3fb535f-4edb-4273-ae30-6a4155c360ce.html|access-date=9 February 2021|website=Axios|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Special Annual Meeting 2021 in Singapore from 25–28 May|url=https://www.weforum.org/press/2020/12/special-annual-meeting-2021-to-take-place-in-singapore-in-may/|access-date=9 February 2021|website=World Economic Forum|language=en}}</ref> On 3 February 2021, the organisers postponed the annual meeting to 17–20 August due to pandemic-related challenges.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Davos 2021 summit in Singapore postponed until August|url=https://news.yahoo.com/davos-2021-summit-singapore-postponed-160327725.html|access-date=9 February 2021|publisher=Yahoo! News|language=en-US}}</ref> It was eventually cancelled on 17 May, with the World Economic Forum's (WEF) citing global uncertainties caused by COVID-19 as the reason. It was added that the next annual meeting will take place in the first half of 2022, with the final location and date to be decided later.<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Economic Forum cancels special annual meeting in Singapore|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/world-economic-forum-cancels-meeting-singapore-covid-19-14828466|access-date=18 May 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> On 4 May 2021, the President's Office announced that the 13 May Istana Open House would be cancelled.<ref>{{cite news |title=Istana cancels May 13 open house amid COVID-19 concerns |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/istana-cancels-hari-raya-may-13-open-house-covid-19-14741570 |access-date=4 May 2021 |work=CNA |date=4 May 2021}}</ref> On 30 June 2021, Minister of Defense Dr. Ng Eng Hen announced that the annual [[National Day Parade]] at The Float @ Marina Bay would proceed as planned.<ref>{{cite news |title=National Day Parade 2021 to go ahead with physical event and spectators at The Float @ Marina Bay |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/national-day-parade-2021-ndp-floating-platform-15124154 |access-date=1 July 2021 |work=CNA |date=30 June 2021}}</ref> == Societal impact == === Local shopping === The retail industry has been significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, together with food industry. Foot traffic at shopping malls were dropped,<ref name="CapitalandTraffic">{{Cite news|last=Sen|first=Siow Li|url=https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/companies-markets/singapore-malls-foot-traffic-almost-back-to-normal-capitaland|title=Singapore malls foot traffic almost back to normal: CapitaLand|date=26 February 2020|access-date=5 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313100744/https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/companies-markets/singapore-malls-foot-traffic-almost-back-to-normal-capitaland|archive-date=13 March 2020|language=en}}</ref> with some shops choosing to shorten their opening hours or face massive closures like [[Esprit Holdings]], [[Isetan]] Westgate, [[Liang Court]], [[I12 Katong]], [[H&M]] Tampines Mall, Topshop, [[Robinsons & Co.|Robinsons]] and Hotwind.<ref name="TNPFood">{{Cite news|last=Rosli|first=Tatiana Mohamad|url=https://www.tnp.sg/news/singapore/fb-sector-hit-hard-early-mall-closures-during-outbreak|title=F&B sector hit hard by early mall closures during outbreak|date=24 February 2020|access-date=5 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224162832/https://www.tnp.sg/news/singapore/fb-sector-hit-hard-early-mall-closures-during-outbreak|archive-date=24 February 2020|language=en}}</ref> Tenants are pushing landlords for rental rebates, citing significant drops in revenue.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/covid-19-coronavirus-mall-tenants-want-rental-rebates-12503198|title='If this goes on, I might quit': Mall tenants want rental rebates soon to counter COVID-19 hit|access-date=5 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305151303/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/covid-19-coronavirus-mall-tenants-want-rental-rebates-12503198|archive-date=5 March 2020|language=en}}</ref> Several malls and landlords including [[Jewel Changi Airport]] and [[CapitaLand]] have implemented rental rebates.<ref>{{cite news |last=Heng |first=Melissa |date=5 March 2020 |title=Coronavirus: CapitaLand to give 1,000 tenants rental rebates |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-capitaland-to-give-1000-tenants-rental-rebates |url-status=live |work=The Straits Times |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306221322/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-capitaland-to-give-1000-tenants-rental-rebates |archive-date=6 March 2020 |access-date=5 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Lim |first=Janice |date=13 February 2020 |title='Big collapse' of F&B businesses looms; landlords should slash rent like Jewel Changi Airport, say industry players |url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/covid-19-wuhan-virus-big-collapse-fb-businesses-looms-landlords-should-slash-rent-like-jewel-changi-airport |url-status=live |website=Today|location=Singapore |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314185410/https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/covid-19-wuhan-virus-big-collapse-fb-businesses-looms-landlords-should-slash-rent-like-jewel-changi-airport|archive-date=14 March 2020 |access-date=5 March 2020}}</ref> The [[National Environment Agency]] (NEA) has also implemented rent waivers and rebates for all stallholders in hawker centres operated by NEA or NEA-appointed operators.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/hawkers-month-rental-fees-waive-help-covid19-12499534|title=About 14,000 hawkers to get a month's worth of rental fees waived amid COVID-19 outbreak|access-date=5 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305163925/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/hawkers-month-rental-fees-waive-help-covid19-12499534|archive-date=5 March 2020|language=en}}</ref> According to CapitaLand in February 2020, foot traffic at malls were almost back to normal,<ref name="CapitalandTraffic"/> before being reduced in late-March to early-April 2020 due to social distancing restrictions and circuit breaker measures.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-crowds-thin-at-orchard-road-as-safe-distancing-measures-take-effect|title=Coronavirus: Crowds thin at Orchard Road as safe distancing measures take effect|last=hermesauto|date=28 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328152308/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-crowds-thin-at-orchard-road-as-safe-distancing-measures-take-effect|archive-date=28 March 2020|access-date=28 March 2020}}</ref> Retail sales fell during the COVID-19 pandemic from March to June, citing circuit breaker as a reason. The April and May figure was the worst since records began in 1986. However, retail sales reinstated gradually in July, August and September but the process was interrupted by public places visited by cases in the community. Foot traffic will again resume back to normal fully once Singapore moves to Phase 3. Retail sales and foot traffic again fell during Phase 2 (Heightened Alert) from 3 May 2021 to 14 June 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore retail sales plunge 40.5% in April amid COVID-19 circuit breaker measures|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/covid19-singapore-retail-sales-plunge-april-circuit-breaker-12807266|access-date=6 June 2020|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> In response to the government's lockdown measures, [[Suntec City]] announced that it would waive rent for all tenants for the month of April, May and June.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/suntec-city-waives-april-rent-for-tenants-covid-19-12614802|title=Suntec City waives April rent for all tenants amid enhanced 'circuit breaker' rules|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=6 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520021550/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/suntec-city-waives-april-rent-for-tenants-covid-19-12614802|archive-date=20 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> In addition, the [[Great Singapore Sale]] was moved online, called e-GSS.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tay |first1=Tiffany Fumiko |title=Great Singapore Sale cancelled this year amid Covid-19 outbreak |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/great-singapore-sale-cancelled-this-year-amid-covid-19-outbreak |website=The Straits Times |access-date=23 May 2020 |date=4 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523174915/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/great-singapore-sale-cancelled-this-year-amid-covid-19-outbreak |archive-date=23 May 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Panic buying and price gouging === Panic buying and price gouging of [[personal protective equipment]] (PPEs) such as masks began with the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Singapore on 23 January 2020.<ref name="Abdullah 2020" /> By 24 January, both N95 and surgical masks had run out at retail outlets.<ref name="CNA2401">{{cite web |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/wuhan-virus-n95-surgical-masks-run-out-at-retail-outlets-12323040 |title=N95, surgical masks run out at retail outlets; MOH assures public there is enough stock |website=CNA |language=en |access-date=5 March 2020 |date=24 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331173206/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/wuhan-virus-n95-surgical-masks-run-out-at-retail-outlets-12323040 |archive-date=31 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Ministry of Health assured the public that there were sufficient N95 and surgical masks in the event of a surge in demand.<ref name="CNA2401" /> This has prompted local retailers including [[NTUC FairPrice]], [[Watsons]] and [[Mannings|Guardian]] to originally impose limits, but had a surge in demand.<ref name="BIPanicBuying">{{cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.sg/which-outlet-has-stock-furious-netizens-are-slamming-watsons-guardian-and-ntuc-for-posting-about-surgical-mask-stocks-claiming-stores-have-totally-run-out |title='Which outlet has stock?': Furious netizens are slamming Watsons, Guardian and NTUC for posting about surgical mask stocks, claiming stores have totally run out |last=Chia |first=Rachel Genevieve |website=Business Insider Singapore |language=en-US |access-date=5 March 2020 |date=28 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312102319/https://www.businessinsider.sg/which-outlet-has-stock-furious-netizens-are-slamming-watsons-guardian-and-ntuc-for-posting-about-surgical-mask-stocks-claiming-stores-have-totally-run-out |archive-date=12 March 2020 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Several companies and areas have voluntarily made masks compulsory, with masks made mandatory by the government on 14 April. In addition, mask wearing is expected to stay place until an effective treatment or vaccine is fully developed.<ref>{{cite web|title=PM Lee Hsien Loong on the COVID-19 situation in Singapore on 3 April 2020|url=https://www.pmo.gov.sg/Newsroom/PM-Lee-Hsien-Loong-on-the-COVID19-situation-in-Singapore-on-3-April-2020|date=3 April 2020|website=PMO|access-date=4 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid19-wearing-masks-compulsory-lawrence-wong-12640828 |title=COVID-19: Compulsory to wear mask when leaving the house, says Lawrence Wong |last1=Ang |first1=Hwee Min |last2=Phua |first2=Rachel |date=14 April 2020 |website=CNA |language=en |access-date=14 April 2020}}</ref> The shortage of masks and other PPEs has caused many retailers to engage in profiteering by price gouging and scalping.<ref name="DeenExpress">{{cite web|title=Retailer Deen Express asked to explain high prices for masks: MTI|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/wuhan-virus-deen-express-mask-high-prices-carousell-lazada-qoo10-12371116|website=CNA|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130133026/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/wuhan-virus-deen-express-mask-high-prices-carousell-lazada-qoo10-12371116|archive-date=30 January 2020|access-date=30 January 2020}}</ref> This included both local brick-and-mortar stores as well as retailers on [[ecommerce platform]]s.<ref name="DeenExpress" /><ref name="BTProfiteering">{{cite web |url=https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/government-economy/singapore-retailers-e-commerce-platforms-asked-to-cooperate-in-stopping-mask |title=Singapore retailers, e-commerce platforms asked to cooperate in stopping mask profiteering |last=Heng |first=Janice |date=30 January 2020 |website=The Business Times |language=en |access-date=5 March 2020}}</ref> The government has applauded platforms [[Carousell (company)|Carousell]] and [[Qoo10]] for threatening to suspend profiteers.<ref name="BTProfiteering" /> The governmental [[price control]]ler has also issued warnings to retailers who engage in price gouging and requested information from e-commerce platforms on potential profiteers.<ref name="DeenExpress" /><ref name="3Stars">{{cite web |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/wuhan-virus-coronavirus-3-stars-mask-high-prices-12420598 |title=Retailer 3 Stars asked to explain high prices for masks following public complaints: MTI |website=CNA |language=en |access-date=5 March 2020 |date=11 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302174007/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/wuhan-virus-coronavirus-3-stars-mask-high-prices-12420598 |archive-date=2 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="STProfiteering">{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/authorities-crack-down-on-profiteering-by-mask-sellers|title=Wuhan virus: Authorities crack down on profiteering by mask sellers|last=Tay|first=Tiffany Fumioko|date=31 January 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=5 March 2020}}</ref> Panic buying and hoarding of essentials such as rice, instant noodles and toilet paper occurred with the raising of the DORSCON level from yellow to orange on 7 February 2020, with empty shelves at supermarkets within hours.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/wuhan-virus-coronavirus-groceries-supplies-ntuc-sheng-siong-12406906 |title=No need to rush for supplies, says Chan Chun Sing, amid reports of surge in demand |website=CNA |access-date=5 March 2020 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200208143949/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/wuhan-virus-coronavirus-groceries-supplies-ntuc-sheng-siong-12406906 |archive-date=8 February 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/enough-supply-essentials-govt-assures-sporeans-after-panic-buying-supermarkets |title=Enough supply of essentials, Govt assures S'poreans after panic buying at supermarkets |website=Today Online |access-date=5 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302174855/https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/enough-supply-essentials-govt-assures-sporeans-after-panic-buying-supermarkets |archive-date=2 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="STAmpleStock">{{Cite news|last=Ng|first=Michelle|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-ample-stock-in-singapore-no-need-to-hoard-fairprice-group-ceo|title=Coronavirus: Ample stock in Singapore, no need to hoard, says FairPrice group CEO|date=8 February 2020|access-date=5 March 2020|url-status=live|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307041412/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-ample-stock-in-singapore-no-need-to-hoard-fairprice-group-ceo|archive-date=7 March 2020}}</ref> Local supermarket chain NTUC FairPrice imposed limits on the amount of essentials each consumer can buy, with these limits initially set for paper products, rice products, instant noodle packets and vegetables.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jamrisko |first1=Michelle |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-02-08/singapore-pm-says-virus-response-major-test-as-hoarding-spikes |title=Singapore Grocery Chain Starts Limiting How Much People Can Buy |website=Bloomberg |date=8 February 2020 |access-date=5 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311215424/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-02-08/singapore-pm-says-virus-response-major-test-as-hoarding-spikes |archive-date=11 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> NTUC FairPrice and [[Dairy Farm International|Dairy Farm Singapore]] announced that it would introduce specific hours for those members of the community who were more vulnerable such as [[Pioneer Generation Package|Pioneer Generation]] members. Following the review, supermarkets are considered essential services, therefore there is no need to hoard items, it must be opened everyday.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-ntuc-fairprice-stores-priority-hour-shopping-12570956|title=COVID-19: Supermarkets launch dedicated shopping hours for 'vulnerable segments' of community|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=24 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324193637/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-ntuc-fairprice-stores-priority-hour-shopping-12570956|archive-date=24 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> A second wave of panic buying and hoarding occurred on 17 March when [[2020 Malaysia movement control order|Malaysia announced its lockdown]] from 18 March, sparked by fears of food shortages. The government has clarified that the flow of goods, cargo and food supplies between Singapore and Malaysia will continue, urging the public not to panic buy. They added that Singapore has diverse sources of essential goods and was not facing an immediate shortage of food or essentials.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gov.sg/article/covid-19-theres-no-need-to-rush-to-buy-essential-items |title=COVID-19: There's no need to rush to buy essential items |website=gov.sg |language=en |access-date=18 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318025235/https://www.gov.sg/article/covid-19-theres-no-need-to-rush-to-buy-essential-items |archive-date=18 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> NTUC FairPrice has expanded its list of items that are limited per consumer to include eggs, vegetables and poultry.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ang |first1=Hwee Min |title=Purchase limits imposed at FairPrice supermarkets on vegetables, rice, toilet paper and other products |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/ntuc-fairprice-purchase-limits-toilet-paper-rice-eggs-12545610 |website=CNA |access-date=17 March 2020 |date=17 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318020559/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/ntuc-fairprice-purchase-limits-toilet-paper-rice-eggs-12545610 |archive-date=18 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> 10 days later, NTUC FairPrice expanded its list to include canned food, cooking oil and frozen meat, with reduced purchasing limits for paper products.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Yong |first1=Clement |title=NTUC FairPrice lowers paper product limit, adds cooking oil, canned food, frozen poultry to shopping cap list |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/ntuc-fairprice-lowers-paper-product-limit-adds-cooking-oil-canned-food-frozen-poultry-to |website=The Straits Times |access-date=28 March 2020 |date=27 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327233310/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/ntuc-fairprice-lowers-paper-product-limit-adds-cooking-oil-canned-food-frozen-poultry-to |archive-date=27 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> To deal with the massive increase in online shopping orders, [[RedMart]] on 2 April said that it would prioritise daily essentials such as milk powder, flour, eggs and rice while limiting orders to 35 items and reducing its range of goods to focus on the essentials. It also said that it would stop taking orders until 4 April to implement additional measures.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-redmart-to-limit-orders-and-focus-on-essentials-as-online-grocery-orders-surge|title=Coronavirus: RedMart to limit orders and focus on essentials as online grocery orders surge |last=Heng |first=Melissa |date=2 April 2020 |website=The Straits Times |language=en |access-date=2 April 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404073023/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-redmart-to-limit-orders-and-focus-on-essentials-as-online-grocery-orders-surge |archive-date=4 April 2020}}</ref> Ahead of tighter measures on 7 April, shoppers queued at shopping malls despite government requests for people to remain at home.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-queues-at-malls-shoppers-prepare-for-closures-12609804|title=Long queues at some malls as shoppers rush to prepare for closure of schools and most workplaces|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=4 April 2020}}</ref> Egg distributors were reporting in June that they now had an oversupply of eggs and were throwing away supplies or culling laying stock.<ref>{{Cite web|last=hermesauto|date=19 June 2020|title=Coronavirus: Egg distributors struggling to deal with oversupply|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-egg-distributors-struggling-to-deal-with-oversupply|access-date=21 June 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> === Religious services and weddings === Even when DORSCON was raised to Orange on 7 February, several religious events still took place. One of them was the [[Thaipusam]] procession, which took several precautions like temperature taking and the provision of hand sanitizers and masks to assure devotees.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Goh |first1=Yan Han |title=Coronavirus: Thermal scanners, extra hand washing points for Thaipusam procession in Singapore |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/thermal-scanners-extra-hand-washing-points-for-thaipusam-devotees-amid-coronavirus |website=The Straits Times |access-date=11 May 2020 |date=7 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418035809/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/thermal-scanners-extra-hand-washing-points-for-thaipusam-devotees-amid-coronavirus |archive-date=18 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> The event ended up attracting 11,500 people, the highest turnout since 2013.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ang |first1=Yiying |title=Devotees turn up for Thaipusam procession, temples take extra measures |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/devotees-turn-up-for-thaipusam-procession-temples-take-extra-measures |website=The Straits Times |access-date=11 May 2020 |date=8 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302174739/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/devotees-turn-up-for-thaipusam-procession-temples-take-extra-measures |archive-date=2 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Another was the Lantern Festival event in Loyang, which attracted half the usual turnout to about 3,000 people.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Goh |first1=Yan Han |title=Coronavirus: Turnout halved to about 3,000 at Lantern Festival celebrations at Loyang temple |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-turnout-halved-at-lantern-festival-celebrations-at-loyang-temple-about-3000 |website=The Straits Times |access-date=11 May 2020 |date=7 February 2020}}</ref> As some of the first cases were found in Christian gatherings at Life Church and Mission and Grace Assembly of God, connected to Chinese New Year celebrations,<ref name="first-cases"/> Singaporean churches tended to be quick to respond to government advisory and suspend in-person church activities and move things online. Some churches, such as [[New Creation Church]] already had a fairly sophisticated digital presence and could easily stream services online. Protestant churches also had divided positions as to whether or not to permit online communion.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chow |first1=Alexander |last2=Kurlberg |first2=Jonas |author1-link=Alexander Chow |title=Two or Three Gathered Online: Asian and European Responses to COVID-19 and the Digital Church |journal=Studies in World Christianity |date=November 2020 |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=298–318 |doi=10.3366/swc.2020.0311|url=https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/files/154775219/ChowKurlberg2020SWCTwoorThreeGatheredOnline.pdf }}</ref> The [[Catholic Church in Singapore]] announced that it was suspending masses indefinitely from noon of 15 February.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-catholic-church-to-suspend-mass-indefinitely-advises-events-to-be-suspended|title=Coronavirus: Catholic Church to suspend mass indefinitely, advises public events to be suspended too|last1=Baharudin|first1=Hariz|date=14 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301220716/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-catholic-church-to-suspend-mass-indefinitely-advises-events-to-be-suspended|archive-date=1 March 2020|access-date=6 March 2020}}</ref> They were set to resume on 14 March,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/coronavirus-catholic-church-resume-mass-precautionary-measures-12505794|title=Catholic Church to resume mass, puts necessary COVID-19 precautionary measures in place|date=5 March 2020|website=CNA|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306155900/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/coronavirus-catholic-church-resume-mass-precautionary-measures-12505794|archive-date=6 March 2020|access-date=6 March 2020}}</ref> but continue to be indefinitely suspended in light of the [[World Health Organization]] declaring a pandemic.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-catholic-church-masses-archbishop-12531864|title=COVID-19: Catholic masses to remain suspended, says Archbishop of Singapore|date=12 March 2020|website=CNA|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312224036/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-catholic-church-masses-archbishop-12531864|archive-date=12 March 2020|access-date=12 March 2020}}</ref> The [[Islamic Religious Council of Singapore]] has asked Muslims to take precautions to maintain personal hygiene while the Singapore Buddhist Federation advised temples to cancel activities.<ref name="BIReligion">{{Cite news|last=Chia|first=Rachel Genevieve|url=https://www.businessinsider.sg/livestreams-airport-scanners-and-personal-mats-among-religious-measures-after-2-churches-hit-by-coronavirus|title=Event cancellations and livestreaming announced by religious sites after virus cases linked to churches hits 23, Business Insider – Business Insider Singapore|access-date=6 March 2020|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213151117/https://www.businessinsider.sg/livestreams-airport-scanners-and-personal-mats-among-religious-measures-after-2-churches-hit-by-coronavirus/|archive-date=13 February 2020|language=en-US}}</ref> Some churches have opted to suspend services, live streaming them instead. Religious institutions have stepped up disinfection procedures.<ref name="BIReligion"/> On 12 March, the Islamic Religious Council of Singapore announced the closure of all mosques for five days from 13 March for disinfection, coming after two people were infected from a gathering in Malaysia. Prayers were cancelled on 13 March, with activities stopped until 27 March.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/all-mosques-here-to-be-closed-for-five-days-for-cleaning-friday-prayers-cancelled|title=All mosques here to be closed for five days for cleaning, Friday prayers cancelled|last1=Baharudin|first1=Hariz|date=12 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313224405/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/all-mosques-here-to-be-closed-for-five-days-for-cleaning-friday-prayers-cancelled|archive-date=13 March 2020|access-date=12 March 2020}}</ref> The closure of mosques is extended until further notice.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-all-singapore-mosques-to-be-closed-until-further-notice-given-higher-risk-of|title=All Singapore mosques to be closed until further notice given higher risk of community spread|last1=Baharudin|first1=Hariz|date=24 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313224405/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/all-mosques-here-to-be-closed-for-five-days-for-cleaning-friday-prayers-cancelled|archive-date=13 March 2020}}</ref> Hindu Temples and Sikh Temples also recorded a drop in the attendance. Hindu temples in Singapore have stepped up precautionary measures such as checking temperature of the visitors. Some Hindu temples have put measures to provide live streaming of [[puja (Hinduism)|puja]] for devotees. Some Sikh Temples had to suspend their [[Langar (Sikhism)|langar services]]. However, five private temple were providing langar on a smaller scale. Most processions were also cancelled.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/covid-19-and-religious-worship-in-singapore-attendance-at-hindu-sikh-temples-drop|title=Coronavirus and religious worship in Singapore: Attendance at Hindu, Sikh temples drop|date=21 March 2020|work=The Straits Times|access-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322045242/https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/covid-19-and-religious-worship-in-singapore-attendance-at-hindu-sikh-temples-drop|archive-date=22 March 2020|language=en}}</ref> Wedding ceremonies were also adversely affected by COVID-19. During the circuit-breaker period, all wedding ceremonies were suspended. This only resumed in phase 1 in a very controlled manner with weddings only able to be done in person at the Registry of Marriages, or at home with no more than 10 persons present. This number was increased to 50 persons in phase 2, and 100 in phase 3; on 24 March, MOH announced that the limit would be further increased from 100 to 250 for solemnisations and receptions from 24 April onwards, with pre-event testing in place.<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 March 2021|title=Expansion of Vaccination Programme: Further Easing of Community Measures|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/expansion-of-vaccination-programme-further-easing-of-community-measures|access-date=25 March 2021|website=moh.gov.sg}}</ref> === Transportation === Taxi and private hire vehicles were hit by the impact of COVID-19. A S$77&nbsp;million package was provided to help them tide through this period, co-funded by the [[Government of Singapore|Government]], taxi and private-hire companies. In addition, a S$2.7&nbsp;million fund was set up by the [[Government of Singapore|Government]] and [[National Trades Union Congress]] (NTUC) for drivers who are not eligible.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/coronavirus-77-million-package-to-help-taxi-private-hire-drivers|title=Coronavirus: $77 million package to help taxi, private-hire drivers|last1=Tan|first1=Christopher|date=13 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303182200/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/coronavirus-77-million-package-to-help-taxi-private-hire-drivers|archive-date=3 March 2020|access-date=2 April 2020}}</ref> In view of the worsening coronavirus impact, the package will be enhanced from May 2020, extending until September 2020. This will cost an additional $95&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/taxi-private-hire-car-drivers-to-get-more-help-amid-covid-19-outbreak|title=Taxi, private-hire car drivers to get more help amid Covid-19 outbreak|last1=Tan|first1=Christopher|date=26 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328192057/https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/taxi-private-hire-car-drivers-to-get-more-help-amid-covid-19-outbreak|archive-date=28 March 2020|access-date=2 April 2020}}</ref> On 6 April, directors of the ComfortDelGro Group ([[ComfortDelGro]], [[SBS Transit]] and VICOM) announced its board of directors would take a voluntary 20 per cent cut in directors' fees until the end of 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/covid-19-comfortdelgro-board-management-pay-cut-salary-12614336|title=ComfortDelGro board, top management to take pay cuts amid COVID-19 outbreak|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=6 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520021804/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/covid-19-comfortdelgro-board-management-pay-cut-salary-12614336|archive-date=20 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Various banks have suggested that Singapore Airlines will have a loss in FY21, with [[OCBC Bank|OCBC]] credit analysts Ezien Hoo and Wong Hong Wei arguing that the airline will have to tap the markets for more funds and possibly even need state support.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/companies-markets/sia-expected-to-seek-external-funding-fy21-could-see-s13b-loss-as-covid-19-kills|title=SIA expected to seek external funding; FY21 could see S$1.3b loss as Covid-19 kills off air travel|last=Ramchandani|first=Nisha|date=20 March 2020|website=The Business Times|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322085526/https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/companies-markets/sia-expected-to-seek-external-funding-fy21-could-see-s13b-loss-as-covid-19-kills|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=22 March 2020}}</ref> [[Singapore Airlines]], [[SilkAir]] and [[Scoot]] have announced plans to slash their capacity. Singapore Airlines slashed nearly all of the capacity until August. The news resulted in STI crashing down by 164.63 (6.83%). Scoot will ground 47 out of the 49 planes they have in their fleet.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/covid-19-singapore-airlines-suspend-flights-coronavirus-12566248|title=COVID-19: Singapore Airlines slashes 96% of capacity, grounds most planes|work=CNA|access-date=23 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323014843/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/covid-19-singapore-airlines-suspend-flights-coronavirus-12566248|archive-date=23 March 2020|language=en}}</ref> It was reported on 27 March 2020, SIA received a rescue package of S$19&nbsp;billion to get over the difficult period.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|date=27 March 2020|title=Singapore Airlines obtains $13 billion rescue package amid coronavirus shock|language=en|agency=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-singapore-air-tema-idUSKBN21D3AE|access-date=13 April 2020}}</ref> Its major shareholder Temasek Holdings will underwrite the package which contains S$5.3&nbsp;billion equity and S$9.7&nbsp;billion convertible note.<ref name=":02" /> Singapore's biggest bank DBS will also lend it S$4&nbsp;billion to help it get over the crisis and position itself for expansion.<ref name=":02" /> With the significant reduction in flights, Singapore Airlines agreed to provide some 300 staff to help with possible manpower shortages at hospitals in Singapore and provided some staff to deal with transport ambassadors.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-singapore-airlines-care-ambassadors-hospital-manpower-12608118|title=COVID-19: Singapore Airlines to provide 300 'care ambassadors' to fill manpower gap at hospitals|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=3 April 2020}}</ref> It was announced that the airline would consolidate all their [[Singapore Changi Airport|Changi Airport]] operations from 1 May 2020 to Terminal 3.<ref>{{Cite web|last=hermesauto|date=6 April 2020|title=Parliament: Changi Airport T2 operations to be suspended for 18 months amid coronavirus outbreak|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/operations-at-changi-airport-t2-to-be-suspended-for-18-months-amid-coronavirus-outbreak|access-date=6 April 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> On 14 May 2020, Singapore Airlines announced a full year loss for Financial Year 2019/2020 of S$212&nbsp;million, this was the first loss in its 48 years of operation.<ref>{{cite press release |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Full Year Loss As Covid-19 Crippled Travel Demand in Fourth Quarter |url=https://www.singaporeair.com/saar5/pdf/Investor-Relations/Financial-Results/News-Release/nr-q4fy1920.pdf |publisher=Singapore Airlines |date=14 May 2020 |access-date=6 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore Airlines posts first annual net loss in 48-year history after COVID-19 cripples demand|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/singapore-airlines-sia-q4-full-year-results-covid-19-coronavirus-12732134|access-date=15 May 2020|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> On 1 September 2020, Singapore Airlines have announced to reinstate several destinations that have opened up travel such as Bandar Seri Begawan, Auckland, Christchurch, Taipei, Hong Kong, Macau, Hanoi, Brisbane, Perth and Sydney. For airlines, regulations for social distancing are not applicable to save costs. Mask wearing continues to be mandatory and airlines will upgrade their apps to include contact tracing. Overnight flights will also be re-introduced which allows even quieter rides.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore Airlines, SilkAir reinstate flights for some destinations in June and July|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/covid19-singapore-airlines-sia-silkair-reinstate-some-flights-12792872|access-date=1 June 2020|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> On 25 June [[Jetstar Asia Airways]] announced that it was cutting up to 180 people, almost a quarter of the workforce in Singapore. At the same time they would allow the retirement of five of their A320 fleet, bringing the total down to 13.<ref>{{Cite web|last=hermesauto|date=25 June 2020|title=Singapore budget carrier Jetstar Asia to cut a quarter of its workforce|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/budget-carrier-jetstar-asia-to-cut-a-quarter-of-its-mainly-singaporean-workforce|access-date=25 June 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> The Land Transport Authority announced that all [[certificate of entitlement]] (COE) bidding for the month of April would be suspended.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lta.gov.sg/content/ltagov/en/industry_innovations/industry_matters/LTA%27s%20Measures%20for%20COVID-19.html|title=LTA {{!}} Industry & Innovations {{!}} Industry Matters {{!}} LTA's Measures for COVID-19|date=5 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200405074114/https://www.lta.gov.sg/content/ltagov/en/industry_innovations/industry_matters/LTA%27s%20Measures%20for%20COVID-19.html|archive-date=5 April 2020|access-date=5 April 2020}}</ref> Transport services were gradually reduced in stages. Last train timings were brought forward to early, and transport frequencies were remained to allow safe distancing. Measures also involve imposition of queuing at station exit points. Cross-border bus services 160 and 170 were amended to serve only local sectors of its route, while Cross-border services 170X and 950 were suspended in lieu of Malaysia's Movement Control Order.<ref name="sgmybussuspension">{{cite news |last=Toh |first=Ting Wei |date=17 March 2020 |title=Coronavirus: Bus services 170X and 950 suspended till 31 March, other services halt Malaysia legs ahead of lockdown |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/bus-services-170x-and-950-suspended-till-march-31-other-services-halt-malaysia |url-status=live |work=The Straits Times |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318235814/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/bus-services-170x-and-950-suspended-till-march-31-other-services-halt-malaysia |archive-date=18 March 2020 |access-date=22 March 2020}}</ref> All City Direct, Chinatown Direct, NightRider, NiteOwl and Express bus services were temporarily suspended in tranches from 8 April 2020 until 1 June 2020, with the exception of Express 89e which was reinstated on 24 April 2020 to better serve essential workers at the Changi Airfreight Centre, and all bus services resumed on 2 June 2020 with the exception of services 188R, 401, 926, 963R, Chinatown Direct and all night services; the latter is due to low demand. Train and bus services are no longer extended except for New Year's Eve whereby last train departs City Hall at 1.15&nbsp;am.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/mrt-train-operating-hours-bus-services-suspended-covid-19-lta-12640448|title=MRT trains to run less frequently, some bus services will be suspended amid COVID-19 circuit breaker period|work=CNA|language=en|access-date=14 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418045926/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/mrt-train-operating-hours-bus-services-suspended-covid-19-lta-12640448|archive-date=18 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://mothership.sg/2020/04/sbs-transit-suspends-bus-services-covid-19/|title=SBS Transit suspends 20 bus services from 8 April to 4 May 2020|work=mothership.sg|language=en|access-date=14 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409230105/https://mothership.sg/2020/04/sbs-transit-suspends-bus-services-covid-19/|archive-date=9 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The quarantine and testing of all foreign workers in dormitories has caused delays in the construction of various MRT projects, including the delay of the [[Thomson–East Coast MRT line|Thomson–East Coast line's]] Stage 2 opening to early 2021. The LTA has been yet to fully assess the length of delays on the other stages of the line and of other MRT projects.<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 September 2020|title=Second stage of Thomson-East Coast Line to open early 2021 after delays due to COVID-19: Ong Ye Kung|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-second-stage-of-tel-to-open-early-2021-delay-13083284|access-date=5 September 2020|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> === Scams === Several parties have engaged in scams related to the pandemic. For instance, scammers have pretended to be MOH officials engaging in contact tracing.<ref name="STContactTracing">{{Cite news|last=Lai|first=Linette|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/government-agencies-will-not-ask-for-financial-details-for-coronavirus-contact-tracing-moh|title=Government agencies will not ask for financial details for coronavirus contact tracing: MOH, police|date=8 February 2020|access-date=5 March 2020|url-status=live|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200208174849/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/government-agencies-will-not-ask-for-financial-details-for-coronavirus-contact-tracing-moh|archive-date=8 February 2020}}</ref> The MOH and [[Singapore Police Force|police]] clarified that no financial details or transfer of money will be requested during contact tracing.<ref name="CNBCScam">{{Cite news |last=Tan |first=Huileng |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/02/14/coronavirus-singapore-warns-of-scammers-taking-advantage-of-fears.html |title='Beware of scammers': Singapore warns of crooks trying to take advantage of coronavirus fears |date=14 February 2020 |access-date=5 March 2020 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302070955/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/02/14/coronavirus-singapore-warns-of-scammers-taking-advantage-of-fears.html |archive-date=2 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> The police have also arrested scammers on e-commerce platform Carousell.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/courts-crime/coronavirus-5-people-arrested-for-allegedly-cheating-customers-over-face |title=Coronavirus: 5 people arrested for allegedly cheating customers over face masks sold on Carousell |date=18 February 2020 |work=The Straits Times |access-date=5 March 2020 |url-status=live |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220040021/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/courts-crime/coronavirus-5-people-arrested-for-allegedly-cheating-customers-over-face|archive-date=20 February 2020}}</ref> On 4 April, [[Singapore Police Force|SPF]] announced that they had arrested a man for suspected money-laundering offences in relation to a COVID-19 linked scam which saw an overseas pharmaceutical company defrauded to the tune of €6.636&nbsp;million (S$10.3&nbsp;million) over the purchase of surgical masks and hand sanitisers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/courts-crime/man-arrested-for-money-laundering-offences-linked-to-103-million-covid-19|title=Man arrested for money-laundering offences linked to $10.3 million Covid-19-related scam|last=hermesauto|date=4 April 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=5 April 2020}}</ref> The [[Ministry of Social and Family Development]] (MSF) and SPF were investigating possible abuses of the COVID-19 Temporary Relief Fund (TRF), which is supposed to provide financial assistance to those eligible.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/police-investigating-claims-fraud-involving-covid-19-relief-12635554|title=Police investigating after man posts online about abusing COVID-19 Temporary Relief Fund|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=12 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412145245/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/police-investigating-claims-fraud-involving-covid-19-relief-12635554|archive-date=12 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> There were cases of scammers impersonating the [[Ministry of Public Security (China)|Chinese police force]] asking for many personal details. A total of 394 COVID-19-related scams occurred between January and April, with losses totalling S$1.4&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 June 2020|title=Close to 400 Covid-19-related scams reported, S$1.4 million cheated from January to April|url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/close-400-covid-19-related-scams-reported-s14-million-cheated-january-april|access-date=8 September 2020|website=Today|location=Singapore}}</ref> There have also been false rumours of National Environment Agency and police officers actively checking residential units to ensure that people were complying with circuit breaker rules.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus: Police dismiss rumour of officers, NEA personnel visiting homes to enforce circuit breaker rules|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-police-dismiss-another-rumour-circulating-online|last=hermesauto|date=10 May 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=11 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511092926/http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-police-dismiss-another-rumour-circulating-online|archive-date=11 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Vaccination === {{Excerpt|COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore#Background}} == International relations == === Stranded Malaysia-based workers === On 16 March, the Malaysian government announced a [[2020 Malaysia movement control order|movement control order]] (MCO) that took effect on 18 March, preventing Malaysians from leaving the country.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2020/03/16/pm-malaysia-in-lockdown-from-wed-until-march-31-all-shops-closed-except-for/1847204|title=PM: Malaysia under movement control order from Wed until 31 March, all shops closed except for essential services|last=Bunyan|first=John|date=16 March 2020|work=The Malay Mail|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316160541/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2020/03/16/pm-malaysia-in-lockdown-from-wed-until-march-31-all-shops-closed-except-for/1847204|archive-date=16 March 2020|access-date=16 March 2020}}</ref> With approximately 300,000 Malaysians, or almost a tenth of Singapore's labour force working in Singapore, the MCO would have been expected to significantly affect Singapore's economy, including sectors providing essential services.<ref name="BloombergMalaysiaLockdown">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-17/singapore-faces-bigger-contraction-as-malaysia-shuts-borders|title=Singapore Faces Bigger Contraction as Malaysia Shuts Borders|date=17 March 2020|work=Bloomberg|access-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318171827/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-17/singapore-faces-bigger-contraction-as-malaysia-shuts-borders|archive-date=18 March 2020}}</ref> The MCO caused long queues at immigration checkpoints as Malaysian workers in Singapore scrambled to collect their belongings and return to Singapore, while Singaporeans returned home.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/mad-rush-for-malaysian-workers-to-go-home-in-johor-baru-and-return-to-spore|title=Coronavirus: Mad rush for Malaysian workers to go home to Johor Baru and then return to S'pore|date=17 March 2020|access-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317191822/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/mad-rush-for-malaysian-workers-to-go-home-in-johor-baru-and-return-to-spore|archive-date=17 March 2020|language=en}}</ref> Various firms across Singapore rushed to find temporary accommodation for their workers before the MCO took effect.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid19-companies-scramble-house-malaysians-travel-restrictions-12548642|title=Singapore firms rush to house Malaysian workers before COVID-19 travel restrictions kick in|date=17 March 2020|access-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318010118/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid19-companies-scramble-house-malaysians-travel-restrictions-12548642|archive-date=18 March 2020|language=en}}</ref> The Singapore government advised workers to try to stay with relatives, friends, and colleagues, and seek housing in hotels, dormitories and rental flats if this was not possible.<ref name="MOMLockdown">{{Cite news|url=https://www.mom.gov.sg/newsroom/press-releases/2020/0317-accommodating-workers-affected-by-lockdown-in-malaysia|title=Accommodating Workers Affected By Lockdown in Malaysia|date=17 March 2020|access-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318010109/https://www.mom.gov.sg/newsroom/press-releases/2020/0317-accommodating-workers-affected-by-lockdown-in-malaysia|archive-date=18 March 2020|language=en}}</ref> The government also provided $50 for each worker per day, up to 14 days to support employers finding accommodation.<ref name="TODAYLockdown">{{Cite news|url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/malaysia-lockdown-about-10000-malaysian-workers-matched-temporary-housing-says-josephine|title=Malaysia lockdown: About 10,000 Malaysian workers matched with temporary housing, says Josephine Teo|date=17 March 2020|access-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318010105/https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/malaysia-lockdown-about-10000-malaysian-workers-matched-temporary-housing-says-josephine|archive-date=18 March 2020}}</ref> As of 17 March, the government announced that 10,000 Malaysian workers had been matched with temporary housing.<ref name="TODAYLockdown" /> Some workers could not immediately find accommodations and resorted to sleeping in public areas.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/no-place-stay-some-malaysian-workers-sleeping-rough-near-kranji-mrt-station|title=With no place to stay, some Malaysian workers sleeping rough near Kranji MRT Station|website=Today|location=Singapore|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320030842/https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/no-place-stay-some-malaysian-workers-sleeping-rough-near-kranji-mrt-station|archive-date=20 March 2020|access-date=20 March 2020}}</ref> In response, [[Ministry of Social and Family Development]] repurposed Jurong East Sports Hall into a temporary relief area for remaining Malaysian workers who were unable to find temporary accommodations immediately after the MCO took effect, while the [[Ministry of Manpower (Singapore)|Ministry of Manpower]] stepped up patrols to look out for such stranded workers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/manpower/mom-police-step-up-patrols-to-check-for-stranded-malaysian-workers|title=MOM, police step up patrols to check for stranded Malaysian workers|last=hermesauto|date=19 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320030845/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/manpower/mom-police-step-up-patrols-to-check-for-stranded-malaysian-workers|archive-date=20 March 2020|access-date=20 March 2020}}</ref> A number of residents also stepped up to offer their spare rooms to accommodate Malaysian workers at little to no cost.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/sporeans-offer-help-malaysian-workers-without-accommodation-spore-authorities-step-patrols|title=S'poreans offer to house stranded Malaysian workers, as S'pore authorities step up patrols to look out for them|website=Today|location=Singapore|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320030841/https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/sporeans-offer-help-malaysian-workers-without-accommodation-spore-authorities-step-patrols|archive-date=20 March 2020|access-date=20 March 2020}}</ref> The MCO resulted in suspension of all bus services between [[Johor Bahru]] and Singapore.<ref name="sgmybussuspension"/> While the [[KTM Intercity|KTMB Shuttle Tebrau]] train service continues to operate between the two checkpoints, only citizens returning to their respective countries are allowed to board.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2020/03/575530/ktm-enforces-restrictive-movement-order-passengers-train-services |title=KTM enforces restrictive movement order on passengers, train services |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=17 March 2020 |website=New Straits Times |language=en |access-date=7 August 2020}}</ref> The lockdown also sparked fears of food shortages, triggering a second wave of panic buying and hoarding of essential items. On 26 April, Malaysia announced that Malaysians wanting to return to Malaysia will need to obtain permits from the Malaysian High Commission in Singapore. However, only 400 of such permits will be issued daily.<ref>{{cite news |title=Malaysians returning from Singapore will need an entry permit, only 400 allowed to return daily |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/from-monday-malaysians-seeking-return-from-singapore-will-need-an-entry-permit |work=The Straits Times |date=26 April 2020 |language=en |access-date=27 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200427022158/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/from-monday-malaysians-seeking-return-from-singapore-will-need-an-entry-permit |archive-date=27 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Border controls and operations === Singapore began to restrict travellers from entering from 29 January in a progressive manner as a response to localised outbreaks. Travelers from [[Hubei]] were banned from entering Singapore on 29 January with all forms of visas held by Hubei residents being suspended immediately on the same day.<ref>{{cite web|title=Wuhan virus: 2 new confirmed cases in Singapore, bringing total to 7; no entry or transit for new visitors from Hubei|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/wuhan-virus-7-confirmed-cases-in-singapore-no-entry-or-transit-for-new-visitors-with-hubei|last1=Chang|first1=Ai-Lien|last2=Khalik|first2=Salma|date=28 January 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128094942/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/wuhan-virus-7-confirmed-cases-in-singapore-no-entry-or-transit-for-new-visitors-with-hubei|archive-date=28 January 2020|access-date=17 February 2020|last3=Goh|first3=Timothy}}</ref> Any traveller who had travelled to mainland China 14 days prior to 1 February was also banned from entering Singapore. Chinese passport holders were allowed entry on the condition they can prove they did not visit China recently. At the same time, on 1 February, all forms of visas for Chinese travellers were suspended immediately.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Chang |first1=Ai-Lien |last2=Goh |first2=Timothy |last3=Aw |first3=Cheng Wei |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/wuhan-virus-visitors-with-recent-travel-history-to-china-not-allowed-entry-or-transit-to |title=Wuhan virus: Visitors with recent travel history to China not allowed to enter or transit in Singapore |website=The Straits Times |access-date=13 May 2020 |date=31 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200427133321/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/wuhan-virus-visitors-with-recent-travel-history-to-china-not-allowed-entry-or-transit-to |archive-date=27 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> When there was a large increase in the number of cases in [[Cheongdo County|Cheongdo]] and [[Daegu]], South Korea, visitors arriving from these two areas were restricted from entering Singapore, as well, from 26 February.<ref>{{cite web|title=Singapore to bar visitors from Cheongdo and Daegu amid rise in coronavirus cases in South Korea|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/singapore-to-bar-visitors-from-cheongdo-and-daegu-amid-rise-in-coronavirus-cases-in|last1=Goh|first1=Timothy|last2=Khalik|first2=Salma|date=25 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225143709/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/singapore-to-bar-visitors-from-cheongdo-and-daegu-amid-rise-in-coronavirus-cases-in|archive-date=25 February 2020|access-date=25 February 2020|last3=Kaur|first3=Karamjit}}</ref> By March, visitors arriving from other territories or countries, such as, South Korea, Iran, Italy, France, Spain, and Germany were banned.<ref>{{cite web|title=Coronavirus: Recent travellers to S. Korea, northern Italy and Iran barred from S'pore; testing for all symptomatic travellers at entry|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/coronavirus-recent-travellers-to-s-korea-northern-italy-and-iran-barred-from-spore|last1=Kurohi|first1=Rei|last2=Goh|first2=Timothy|date=3 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|access-date=3 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=S'poreans advised to review March school holiday plans amid Covid-19 outbreak|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/sporeans-advised-to-review-march-school-holiday-plans-amid-covid-19-outbreak|last1=Goh|first1=Yan Han|date=13 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|access-date=9 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403114232/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/sporeans-advised-to-review-march-school-holiday-plans-amid-covid-19-outbreak|archive-date=3 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Port calls for all cruise vessels were stopped from 13 March as well.<ref>{{cite web|title=Covid-19: Singapore imposes entry ban on new visitors from Italy, France, Spain, Germany|url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/covid-19-singapore-imposes-entry-ban-new-visitors-italy-france-spain-germany|last1=Nabilah|first1=Awang|date=15 March 2020|website=TODAY|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314175839/https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/covid-19-singapore-imposes-entry-ban-new-visitors-italy-france-spain-germany|archive-date=14 March 2020|access-date=13 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Covid-19: S'pore rolls out more measures including limiting, where possible, size of gatherings to 250 people; workplace distancing|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/covid-19-singapore-rolls-out-more-measures-including-limiting-where-possible-the|last1=Toh|first1=Ting Wei|last2=Khalik|first2=Salma|date=13 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref> One of the earliest recorded travel advisory on travelling to or from Singapore issued by other countries, was United Kingdom, on 24 January 2020. It encouraged its subjects to self-isolate and quarantine after returning from Singapore.<ref name=":15">{{Cite web|date=25 March 2020|title=COVID 19 – Travel Advisories (As at 25 March 2020)|url=https://www.lawsociety.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/COVID-19-Travel-Advisories-as-of-25-Mar-2020.pdf|website=Law Society Singapore}}</ref> Other countries such as Britain, Indonesia, Indonesia soon began to issue their own travel advisories, with language generally advising their citizens to avoid unnecessary or non-essential travel to Singapore. By 20 March 2020, there were at least 14 countries with travel advisories against Singapore, either specifically or as part of a general travel restriction on their citizens.<ref name=":15" /> As the number countries with travel advisories rapidly expanded, the travel restrictions have been broadly categorised into:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Check on travel restrictions before you fly overseas during this COVID-19 period|url=http://www.gov.sg/article/check-on-travel-restrictions-before-you-fly-overseas-during-this-covid-19-period|access-date=25 December 2020|website=gov.sg|language=en}}</ref> # Deny entry – where countries would deny entry to travellers who have been in or transiting through Singapore in the last 14 days; # Allow entry, subjected to self-isolation/quarantine – where countries would allow entry, but subject travellers to either 14-day self-isolation or quarantine regime; # Allow entry upon medical screening clearance – where countries would allow unrestricted entry after clearing required medical screenings such as temperature checks and/or swab tests. From 17 March, Singapore required all visitors who had travelled 14 days prior to [[ASEAN]] countries, Japan, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom to be served with a 14-day Stay Home Notice, with ASEAN travellers required to seek approval before entering Singapore. However, this requirement was waived for Singapore's sea and land crossings with Malaysia as it was deemed too disruptive to the 200,000 people who use the crossings on a daily basis.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore travel restrictions: Special exemption for Msia {{!}} New Straits Times|url=https://www.nst.com.my/world/world/2020/03/574879/singapore-travel-restrictions-special-exemption-msia|last=Bernama|date=15 March 2020|website=NST Online|language=en|access-date=24 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319030300/https://www.nst.com.my/world/world/2020/03/574879/singapore-travel-restrictions-special-exemption-msia|archive-date=19 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=COVID-19: Stay-home notices for all travellers entering Singapore from ASEAN countries, Japan, UK, Switzerland|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/coronavirus-covid-19-singapore-malaysia-asean-stay-home-notice-12539952|last1=Low|first1=Zoey|last2=Co|first2=Cindy|date=15 March 2020|website=CNA|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316145548/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/coronavirus-covid-19-singapore-malaysia-asean-stay-home-notice-12539952|archive-date=16 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref> This exemption was short-lived as the Malaysian government would soon implement a [[2020 Malaysia movement control order|movement control order]] that would take effect from 18 March, preventing Malaysians from leaving and most foreigners from entering the country.<ref name=":1" /> Singapore authorities and businesses quickly made arrangements to secure alternate living accommodations in Singapore for workers living in Malaysia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Arrangements being made for Malaysian workers who slept at Kranji MRT station after travel restrictions kicked in|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/arrangements-being-made-for-malaysian-workers-who-slept-at-12556602|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=24 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320145017/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/arrangements-being-made-for-malaysian-workers-who-slept-at-12556602|archive-date=20 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore temporary housing support won't be extended beyond 31 March {{!}} New Straits Times|url=https://www.nst.com.my/world/world/2020/03/578163/singapore-temporary-housing-support-wont-be-extended-beyond-march-31|last=Bernama|date=25 March 2020|website=NST Online|language=en|access-date=24 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326161046/https://www.nst.com.my/world/world/2020/03/578163/singapore-temporary-housing-support-wont-be-extended-beyond-march-31|archive-date=26 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Extended MCO: Singpost continues to offer accommodation to Malaysian workers|url=https://www.bernama.com/en/general/news_covid-19.php?id=1826636|last=BERNAMA|date=30 March 2020|agency=Bernama|language=en|access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> Both Singapore and Malaysia authorities quickly worked to ensure that the essential goods could still cross the two land checkpoints,<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 March 2020|title=Azmin: Malaysia assures Singapore of flow of essential goods amid Covid-19 shutdown {{!}} Malay Mail|url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2020/03/18/azmin-malaysia-assures-singapore-of-flow-of-essential-goods-amid-covid-19-s/1847834|access-date=27 October 2020|website=The Malay Mail|language=en}}</ref> with further fine-tuning of transportation arrangement being subsequently conducted as there were still confusion by some of the supplying companies in Malaysia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2020/03/28/mco-companies-delivering-goods-to-s039pore-should-apply-to-transport-ministry|title=MCO: Companies delivering goods to S'pore should apply to Transport Ministry {{!}} The Star Online|website=The Star|location=Malaysia|access-date=16 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329234614/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2020/03/28/mco-companies-delivering-goods-to-s039pore-should-apply-to-transport-ministry|archive-date=29 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2020/03/21/firms-want-clear-directive-on-cargo-supply-to-spore|title=Firms want clear directive on cargo supply to Singapore {{!}} The Star Online|website=The Star|location=Malaysia|access-date=16 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501073307/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2020/03/21/firms-want-clear-directive-on-cargo-supply-to-spore|archive-date=1 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Singapore banned all short-term visitors arriving or transiting through Singapore from 23 March onwards, with only people in essential services like healthcare and transport allowed entry during this time.<ref name=":2">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus: All short-term visitors barred from entering and transiting in Singapore from Monday, 11.59pm|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/coronavirus-all-short-term-visitors-barred-from-entering-and-transiting-in|last1=Toh|first1=Ting Wei|date=22 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322034407/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/coronavirus-all-short-term-visitors-barred-from-entering-and-transiting-in|archive-date=22 March 2020|access-date=22 March 2020}}</ref> Due to the reduced number of flights, [[Singapore Changi Airport]] suspended operations at Terminals 2 and 4 in April and May 2020 respectively. The suspension of Terminal 2 would also bring forward the renovation plans that the airport has for it, while Terminal 4 would remain suspended indefinitely until the demand for flights picks up and airlines seek to relaunch flights.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Changi Airport Terminal 2 to suspend operations for 18 months amid COVID-19 pandemic|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/changi-airport-terminal-2-to-close-for-18-months-amid-covid-19-12614210|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=12 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520021925/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/changi-airport-terminal-2-to-close-for-18-months-amid-covid-19-12614210|archive-date=20 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto2"/> Malaysia would also shorten the operating hours of [[Sultan Iskandar Building]] at the [[Johor Causeway]] to 12 hours daily from 24 April, effectively limiting the Causeway's operating hours.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Johor Causeway to shorten operations to 12 hours daily beginning Friday: Malaysian senior minister|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/malaysia-covid-19-johor-causeway-12-hours-12662626|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=24 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428115026/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/malaysia-covid-19-johor-causeway-12-hours-12662626|archive-date=28 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Second Link]] crossing would remain open round the clock.<ref name=":0" /> On 28 June, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong and [[Prime Minister of Malaysia|his Malaysian counterpart]] [[Muhyiddin Yassin]] agreed that their governments will work together to establish a Periodic Commuting Arrangement (PCA) allowing residents from both nations who hold long-term immigration passes for business and work purposes in the other country to periodically return to their home countries for short-term home leave.<ref>{{cite news |title=Singapore, Malaysia agree to allow certain residents to return for short-term home leave |url=https://www.thesundaily.my/local/singapore-malaysia-agree-to-allow-certain-residents-to-return-for-short-term-home-leave-IE2633390#pk_campaign=MASwpn&pk_kwd=Singapore%2C+Malaysia+agree+to+allow+certain+residents+to+return+for+short-term+home+leave |access-date=28 June 2020 |work=[[The Sun (Malaysia)|The Sun Daily]] |agency=[[Bernama]] |date=27 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628095026/https://www.thesundaily.my/local/singapore-malaysia-agree-to-allow-certain-residents-to-return-for-short-term-home-leave-IE2633390|archive-date=28 June 2020}}</ref> On 14 July, Singaporean Foreign Minister [[Vivian Balakrishnan]] and his [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Malaysia)|Malaysian counterpart]] [[Hishammuddin Hussein]] announced that cross-border travel and traffic between the two countries would resume on 10 August 2020 under two schemes: the Reciprocal Green Lane (RGL) and the Periodic Commuting Arrangement (PCA). The RGL scheme will allow essential business and official travel between the two countries while the PCA scheme will allow Singaporean and Malaysian residents who hold long-term immigration business and work passes to enter for work purposes.<ref>{{cite news |title=Singapore, Malaysia targeting to start cross-border travel from 10 Aug for some residents, business visitors |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-malaysia-commute-travel-covid-19-aug-10-12929848 |access-date=15 July 2020 |work=CNA |date=14 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715044337/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-malaysia-commute-travel-covid-19-aug-10-12929848|archive-date=15 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Solhi |first1=Farah |title=Malaysia-Singapore border to reopen under RGL, PCA schemes |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2020/07/608408/malaysia-singapore-border-reopen-under-rgl-pca-schemes |access-date=14 July 2020 |work=[[New Straits Times]] |date=15 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715050440/https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2020/07/608408/malaysia-singapore-border-reopen-under-rgl-pca-schemes|archive-date=15 July 2020}}</ref> Cruises were restarted in November but did not have any other port of call other than Singapore. In early December, an 83-year-old man tested positive on board and the ship had to return to Singapore a day early. Subsequent retests of the sample and additional samples proved the original test to be a false positive.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Choudhury|first=Saheli Roy|date=10 December 2020|title=After 'cruise to nowhere' returns early, Singapore says passenger does not have Covid|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/12/10/covid-19-passenger-on-a-royal-caribbean-cruise-in-singapore.html|access-date=11 December 2020|publisher=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> On 30 January 2021, the Singaporean Government suspended "travel bubble" arrangements with Malaysia, Germany and South Korea in response to a spike in cases globally and the emergence of new variants.<ref>{{cite news |title=Singapore suspends 'travel bubble' with Malaysia, South Korea |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/30/singapore-suspends-travel-bubble-with-malaysia-south-korea |access-date=30 January 2021 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |date=30 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130104616/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/30/singapore-suspends-travel-bubble-with-malaysia-south-korea |archive-date=30 January 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 23 March 2021, The Singaporean and Malaysian Foreign Ministers Balakrishnan and Hussein have confirmed that the two governments had plans to recognise each other's COVID-19 vaccine certificates with the goal of restoring cross-border travel in the near-future.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kanyakumari |first1=D. |title=Singapore, Malaysia to work towards recognising COVID-19 vaccine certificates, 'progressively restore' cross-border travel |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-malaysia-covid-19-vaccine-certificate-border-travel-14470648 |access-date=24 March 2021 |publisher=[[Channel NewsAsia]] |date=23 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324034739/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-malaysia-covid-19-vaccine-certificate-border-travel-14470648 |archive-date=24 March 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> On 24 April 2021, Singapore banned all long-term pass holders and short-term visitors, with recent travel history to India within the last 14 days, from entering. It was due to the worsening Covid-19 situation in India and more virus strains being discovered.<ref>{{Cite web|last=hermesauto|date=22 April 2021|title=S'pore bars long-term pass holders, visitors from India as Covid-19 cases there surge|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/spore-to-bar-long-term-pass-holders-visitors-travelling-from-india-as-covid-19|access-date=17 May 2021|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> On 17 May 2021, in the wake of increased COVID-19 cases in Taiwan, all Singapore citizens, permanent residents and long-term pass holders with recent travel history to Taiwan was served a 21-day stay-home notice.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: Singapore tightens border measures with Taiwan; Singaporean, PR travellers to serve 21-day stay-home notice|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/citizens-prs-travel-history-taiwan-21-day-shn-moh-14816878|access-date=17 May 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> === Repatriation efforts === As the pandemic spread throughout the world, the Singapore government had organised several repatriation efforts to bring Singaporeans back from various overseas locations. Beginning with Wuhan, Hubei where the virus was first detected, a number of Singaporeans were trapped in Wuhan as the Chinese authorities had [[COVID-19 lockdown in Hubei|locked down the entire Hubei province]], thus suspending air links between the city and Singapore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Authorities working with China to bring home Singaporeans in Wuhan|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/wuhan-virus-singapore-bring-home-citizens-china-hubei-12355228|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=29 May 2020}}</ref> Liaising with counterparts in the Chinese government and [[List of ambassadors of Singapore to China|its embassy in Beijing]], the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Singapore)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Singapore]] (MFA) managed to bring back 266 Singaporeans and family members on two separate [[Scoot]] flights on 30 January and 9 February.<ref>{{Cite web|title=On a 15-hour mission to Wuhan & back: How these MFA officers brought 266 S'poreans & their families home|url=https://mothership.sg/2020/03/mfa-mission-wuhan-singapore/|website=mothership.sg|language=en|access-date=29 May 2020}}</ref> MFA and other governmental agencies subsequently brought back at least 1,000{{Efn|{{Bulleted list|Slovenia: 1|Egypt: 244|India: 699|Saudi Arabia: 85|Fiji: 7|Total: 1,016}}|name=|group=}} Singaporeans, permanent residents, and family members stranded at other locations where there were similar lockdowns and suspension of flights: Cambodia,<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Stranded Aussies and Singaporeans get to fly home|url=https://www.khmertimeskh.com/50712403/stranded-aussies-and-singaporeans-get-to-fly-home/|date=12 April 2020|website=Khmer Times|language=en-US|access-date=17 April 2020}}</ref> Egypt,<ref name=":5">{{cite news|title=COVID-19: 224 Singapore residents repatriated from Egypt|language=en|work=CNA|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-singapore-egypt-coronavirus-repatriation-12620126|access-date=24 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520015604/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-singapore-egypt-coronavirus-repatriation-12620126|archive-date=20 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Fiji,<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: 7 Singapore residents repatriated from Fiji|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-singapore-residents-repatriated-fiji-12676674|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=25 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200429032115/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-singapore-residents-repatriated-fiji-12676674|archive-date=29 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> India,<ref name=":7">{{cite news|date=11 April 2020|title=Coronavirus: 699 Singapore citizens, residents evacuated from India|language=en|work=The Straits Times|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-699-singapore-citizens-residents-evacuated-from-india?utm_medium=Social&utm_campaign=STFB&utm_source=Facebook&fbclid=IwAR1M70NKqHGgm2Y9DMKw_TWm_jds06CZQ-lAPSBejusph2muomOrj0dmyKc#Echobox=1586572863}}</ref> Iran,<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: Eight Singaporeans evacuated from Iran on flight arranged by Malaysia|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singaporeans-evacuated-from-iran-malaysia-kl-quarantine-covid-19-12564490|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=8 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410221813/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singaporeans-evacuated-from-iran-malaysia-kl-quarantine-covid-19-12564490|archive-date=10 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Nepal,<ref name=":9">{{cite web |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2020/04/04/singapore-expresses-gratitude-to-malaysia-for-evacuation-from-nepal/1853617 |title=Singapore expresses gratitude to Malaysia for evacuation from Nepal |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=4 April 2020 |website=The Malay Mail |language=en |access-date=5 April 2020}}</ref> Saudi Arabia,<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: 85 Singapore citizens, residents repatriated from Saudi Arabia|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/saudi-arabia-covid-19-singapore-residents-repatriated-12672870|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=24 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428043714/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/saudi-arabia-covid-19-singapore-residents-repatriated-12672870|archive-date=28 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Slovenia,<ref name=":11">{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus: MFA's efforts help to bring home Singaporean stuck in Slovenia|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-mfas-efforts-help-to-bring-home-singaporean-stuck-in-slovenia|last1=Chong|first1=Clara|date=30 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=10 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401002732/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-mfas-efforts-help-to-bring-home-singaporean-stuck-in-slovenia|archive-date=1 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> and the UK.<ref name=":12">{{cite web|title='Special arrangement' made to fly Singaporeans, PRs back home from UK amid COVID-19 outbreak|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid19-singaporeans-uk-sia-mfa-fly-home-12556618|website=CNA|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321094246/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid19-singaporeans-uk-sia-mfa-fly-home-12556618|archive-date=21 March 2020|access-date=29 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Coronavirus: Singapore students in Britain to get help with flights back|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-students-in-britain-to-get-help-with-flights-back|last=hermesauto|date=19 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321094234/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-students-in-britain-to-get-help-with-flights-back|archive-date=21 March 2020|access-date=29 March 2020}}</ref> Most of the evacuees were brought back on direct flights,<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":10" /><ref name=":12" /> whilst some in Fiji, Iran, Nepal, and Slovenia saw some assistance from other countries.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" /><ref name=":11" /> All evacuees had to serve a 14-day Stay Home Notice or be quarantined<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wuhan virus: 92 Singaporeans flown home from Wuhan; some remain in the city as they are symptomatic|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/wuhan-virus-singaporeans-scoot-flown-home-changi-12369704|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=8 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130064309/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/wuhan-virus-singaporeans-scoot-flown-home-changi-12369704|archive-date=30 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> at designated locations, such as hotels with cost borne by the government,<ref>{{cite web|title=Coronavirus: Isolation in the comfort of a hotel|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/isolation-in-the-comfort-of-a-hotel|last=hermes|date=29 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329090854/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/isolation-in-the-comfort-of-a-hotel|archive-date=29 March 2020|access-date=29 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/from-exercise-to-bird-watching-spore-scientist-plans-to-enjoy-the-comforts-of-home |title=Coronavirus: From exercise to bird-watching, S'pore scientist plans to enjoy comforts of home while on stay-home notice in hotel |last=Tan |first=Audrey |date=27 March 2020 |website=The Straits Times |language=en |access-date=29 March 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328202559/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/from-exercise-to-bird-watching-spore-scientist-plans-to-enjoy-the-comforts-of-home |archive-date=28 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Questions about the dedicated SHN facilities for UK and US returnees answered|url=http://www.gov.sg/article/questions-about-the-dedicated-shn-facilities-for-uk-and-us-returnees-answered|website=gov.sg|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329090355/https://www.gov.sg/article/questions-about-the-dedicated-shn-facilities-for-uk-and-us-returnees-answered|archive-date=29 March 2020|access-date=29 March 2020}}</ref> government quarantine faculties, or at home. With flights to Wuhan suspended due to the Hubei lockdown, [[Scoot]] had offered two one-way flights back to Wuhan for tourists stuck in Singapore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore, U.K. Airlines Suspend Routes Leaving Chinese Tourists Stranded – Caixin Global|url=https://www.caixinglobal.com/2020-01-29/singapore-uk-airlines-suspend-china-routes-as-coronavirus-outbreak-grows-101509389.html|website=caixinglobal.com|language=en|access-date=29 May 2020}}</ref> As the travel restrictions began to grow and accumulated into an ongoing ban on short-term visitors arriving or transiting through Singapore started from 23 March,<ref name=":2" /> Singapore has allowed visitors to transit through Singapore if they are being repatriated by various governments.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/travel/2020/05/21/singapore-to-allow-travelers-to-transit-through-airport-from-june-2.html |title=Singapore to allow travellers to transit through airport from 2 June |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=21 May 2020 |website=The Jakarta Post |language=en |access-date=29 May 2020}}</ref> India had repatriated some of its citizens from Singapore in May 2020 on two separate flights.<ref>{{Cite news|others=PTI|date=7 May 2020|title=COVID-19 {{!}} Repatriation of Indian nationals from Singapore to start from Friday|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/covid-19-repatriation-of-indian-nationals-from-singapore-to-start-from-friday/article31524246.ece|access-date=29 May 2020|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|others=Special Correspondent|date=13 May 2020|title=COVID-19: Second repatriation flight from Singapore|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/covid-19-second-repatriation-flight-from-singapore/article31576767.ece|access-date=29 May 2020|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In the same flight which Singapore Airlines brought back Singaporeans from Cambodia on 12 April, it also carried Australians heading back to Australia with Singapore being a transit point.<ref name=":4" /> It was reported that Singapore and Bangladesh were in discussions to repatriate their respective citizens if necessary.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bangladesh, Singapore hold talks over voluntary repatriation|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/foreign-affairs/2020/04/10/bangladesh-singapore-holds-talk-over-voluntary-repatriation|date=10 April 2020|website=Dhaka Tribune|access-date=10 April 2020}}</ref> === Assistance to other countries === Both the Singapore government and private sector sent support packages to Indonesia, including test kits and personal protective equipment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/04/09/indonesia-receives-58-foreign-aid-packages-for-covid-19-relief-foreign-minister.html|title=Indonesia receives 58 foreign aid packages for COVID-19 relief: Foreign Minister|author=Apriza Pinandita |date=10 April 2020 |website=The Jakarta Post|language=en|access-date=10 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412205731/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/04/09/indonesia-receives-58-foreign-aid-packages-for-covid-19-relief-foreign-minister.html|archive-date=12 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-sends-additional-supplies-to-help-indonesia-s-covid-19-12607746|title=Singapore sends additional medical supplies to support Indonesia's fight against COVID-19|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=10 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200405203251/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-sends-additional-supplies-to-help-indonesia-s-covid-19-12607746|archive-date=5 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The Singapore government sent swabs and other supplies to Malaysia to help with sample collection and testing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/covid19-singapore-donates-5000-flocked-swabs-malaysia|title=COVID-19: Singapore donates 5,000 flocked swabs to Malaysia|date=1 April 2020|website=The Edge Markets|access-date=10 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404065949/https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/covid19-singapore-donates-5000-flocked-swabs-malaysia|archive-date=4 April 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> Temasek Foundation donated 30,000 test kits to India and this was affirmed and thanked by High Commissioner of India to Singapore, Jawed Ashraf.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chaudhury|first1=Dipanjan Roy|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/singapore-south-korea-key-suppliers-of-covid-19-gear/articleshow/74922481.cms|title=Singapore, South Korea, key suppliers of Covid-19 gear|date=1 April 2020|work=The Economic Times|access-date=10 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402170415/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/singapore-south-korea-key-suppliers-of-covid-19-gear/articleshow/74922481.cms|archive-date=2 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Indian low-cost airline [[SpiceJet]] operated flights carrying the test kits and other medical equipment from Singapore to both [[Bangalore]] and [[Chennai]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sengupta |first1=Joy |title=SpiceJet operates its first cargo freighter to Singapore to bring critical medical equipment to India – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/spicejet-operates-its-first-cargo-freighter-to-singapore-to-bring-critical-medical-equipment-to-india/articleshow/75198091.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=17 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=COVID-19: SpiceJet operates first cargo flight to Singapore to bring back medical equipment |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/covid-19-spicejet-operates-first-cargo-flight-to-singapore-to-bring-back-medical-equipment/articleshow/75066493.cms?from=mdr |website=The Economic Times |access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref> In December 2020, Singapore pledged US$5&nbsp;million towards COVID-19 Vaccine Global Access ([[COVAX]]), a WHO-led global initiative aimed at securing COVID-19 vaccines for low- and middle-income countries.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Saturday|first=5 December 2020 03:33&nbsp;pm MYT|title=What is the global Covid-19 vaccine initiative to which Singapore has pledged S$6.7m? {{!}} Malay Mail|url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/singapore/2020/12/05/what-is-the-global-covid-19-vaccine-initiative-to-which-singapore-has-pledg/1929078|access-date=12 December 2020|website=The Malay Mail|language=en}}</ref> Together with Switzerland, Singapore co-chairs "Friends of the COVID-19 Vaccine Global Access (COVAX) Facility", which comprises the European Union and the following 14 nations: Australia, Canada, Iceland, Israel, Japan, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, New Zealand, Norway, Qatar, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, Switzerland, the United Arab Emirates, and the United Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Statement by Friends of the COVAX Facility (FOF)|url=http://www.mfa.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Statements-Transcripts-and-Photos/2020/09/20200921---FOF-Statement|access-date=12 December 2020|website=mfa.gov.sg|language=en}}</ref> On 26 April 2021, the Singapore Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (SICCI) and Little India Shopkeepers Association (LISHA) initiated and launched a relief fund to raise money and support India in its fight against COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite web|last=hermesauto|date=27 April 2021|title=New relief fund in Singapore to raise money and support India in its fight against Covid-19|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/new-relief-fund-in-singapore-to-raise-money-and-support-india-in-its-fight-against-covid|access-date=27 April 2021|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> == Economic measures == With the impact of COVID-19 becoming greater, it was becoming clear to analysts that Singapore would need to respond with large scale government spending.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/02/16/business/singapore-budget-stimulus-coronavirus-covid19/|title=Singapore plans massive budget stimulus to counter virus threat|date=16 February 2020|work=The Japan Times|access-date=22 April 2020|language=en-US|issn=0447-5763|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414110818/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/02/16/business/singapore-budget-stimulus-coronavirus-covid19/|archive-date=14 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> As of 26 May, Singapore has unveiled four Budgets that will spend 19.2% of GDP to ensure the impact on the economy is softened and to help the economy recover back to the original state.<ref>{{cite news |last1=See |first1=Sharon |title=Solidarity Budget: Government's response to Covid-19 to cost S$59.9b |url=https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/government-economy/singapore-budget-2020/solidarity-budget-governments-response-to-covid-19-to-cost |work=The Business Times |date=6 April 2020 |language=en |access-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412120418/https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/government-economy/singapore-budget-2020/solidarity-budget-governments-response-to-covid-19-to-cost |archive-date=12 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Deputy Prime Minister [[Heng Swee Keat]] has said that based on economic terms, the economic contraction will be the worst ever since Singapore's independence.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore economy could be headed for its worst-ever contraction this year|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/business/economy/singapore-economy-shrinks-22-in-q1-full-year-growth-forecast-slashed-to-4-to-1|date=26 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401214850/https://www.straitstimes.com/business/economy/singapore-economy-shrinks-22-in-q1-full-year-growth-forecast-slashed-to-4-to-1|archive-date=1 April 2020|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref> The government announced on 4 June that they would be keeping [[Central Provident Fund]] contribution rates unchanged as they believed the Jobs Support Scheme would help reduce the burden on employers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=CPF contribution rates to stay the same despite COVID-19 economic downturn|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/cpf-contribution-rates-no-change-covid-19-economy-12802992|access-date=4 June 2020|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> === First stimulus package – "Unity Budget" === It was announced on 1 February that the Government will provide help for the transport and tourism sectors as part of the 2020 Budget, being the worst-hit industries by the impact of COVID-19.<ref>{{cite web |title=Government support for firms and workers in response to the 2019 Novel Coronavirus outbreak |url=https://www.mof.gov.sg/Newsroom/press-releases/government-support-for-firms-and-workers-in-response-to-the-2019-ncov-novel-coronavirus-outbreak |website=MOF, MTI |access-date=2 June 2020 |date=1 February 2020 |archive-date=7 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607093547/https://www.mof.gov.sg/newsroom/press-releases/government-support-for-firms-and-workers-in-response-to-the-2019-ncov-novel-coronavirus-outbreak |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Tee |first1=Zhuo |title=Targeted help for transport, tourism sectors worst hit by virus outbreak, 'strong' Budget to help workers and slowing economy: Heng Swee Keat |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/wuhan-virus-targeted-help-for-transport-tourism-sectors-strong-budget-to-help-workers-and |website=The Straits Times |access-date=2 June 2020 |date=1 February 2020}}</ref> In the 2020 Budget delivered on 18 February, the Government has set aside S$6.4&nbsp;billion in support funds,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sim |first1=Royston |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-budget-2020-64-billion-set-aside-to-support-businesses-families-and-agencies |title=Singapore Budget 2020: $6.4 billion set aside to support businesses, families and agencies impacted by coronavirus outbreak |website=The Straits Times |date=18 February 2020 |access-date=12 March 2020 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303175116/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-budget-2020-64-billion-set-aside-to-support-businesses-families-and-agencies |archive-date=3 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> which are a S$1.6&nbsp;billion Care and Support Package for household expenses,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tan |first1=Theresa |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-budget-2020-all-adult-singaporeans-to-get-one-off-cash-payout-ranging-from-100 |title=Singapore Budget 2020: All adult Singaporeans to get one-off cash payout ranging from $100 to $300 |access-date=20 March 2020 |website=The Straits Times |date=18 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301212134/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-budget-2020-all-adult-singaporeans-to-get-one-off-cash-payout-ranging-from-100 |archive-date=1 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> a S$4&nbsp;billion Stabilisation and Support Package for businesses and workers<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tay |first1=Tiffany Fumiko |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-budget-2020-4-billion-package-to-help-workers-and-businesses-cope-with |title=Singapore Budget 2020: $4b to help businesses hit by coronavirus outbreak; sectors like tourism, aviation to get tax rebates |access-date=20 March 2020 |website=The Straits Times |date=18 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301201753/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-budget-2020-4-billion-package-to-help-workers-and-businesses-cope-with |archive-date=1 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> and an additional S$800&nbsp;million for efforts including the healthcare sector. In addition, the [[Goods and Services Tax (Singapore)|Goods and Services Tax]] will not be raised by 9% in 2021 owing to the economic impact, with a S$6&nbsp;billion Assurance Package should it be raised by 2025.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lai |first1=Linette |title=Singapore Budget 2020: GST hike will not take place in 2021; $6b Assurance Package to cushion impact of hike |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-budget-2020-gst-hike-will-not-take-place-next-year-6-billion-assurance-package |website=The Straits Times |access-date=22 March 2020 |date=18 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227180809/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-budget-2020-gst-hike-will-not-take-place-next-year-6-billion-assurance-package |archive-date=27 February 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Second stimulus package – "Resilience Budget" === Less than a month after the first budget support package was introduced, it was announced that the government was working a second stimulus package to mitigate the effects of the pandemic on the economy.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/second-stimulus-package-in-the-works-as-global-economy-covid-19-12527974|title=Second stimulus package in the works as global economy, COVID-19 situation worsen: DPM Heng|access-date=12 March 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312163011/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/second-stimulus-package-in-the-works-as-global-economy-covid-19-12527974|archive-date=12 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The package was delivered in a Ministerial Statement by DPM Heng Swee Keat on 26 March, known as the Resilience Budget.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-dpm-heng-to-deliver-ministerial-statement-on-additional-support-measures-on|title=Coronavirus: DPM Heng to announce supplementary budget in Parliament on Thursday|last1=Yuen|first1=Sin|date=23 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|access-date=25 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325023825/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-dpm-heng-to-deliver-ministerial-statement-on-additional-support-measures-on|archive-date=25 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> COVID-19 has hit the economy so hard that [[Halimah Yacob|President Halimah]] had given her 'in-principle support' to draw on past reserves for this second package, which will amount to S$17&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/president-halimah-yacob-gives-in-principle-support-to-draw-on-past-reserves-for-second|title=President Halimah gives 'in-principle support' to draw on past reserves for 2nd coronavirus aid package|last=hermesauto|date=26 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=26 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326082542/https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/president-halimah-yacob-gives-in-principle-support-to-draw-on-past-reserves-for-second|archive-date=26 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> In addition to S$6.4&nbsp;billion announced in the first package, the government is prepared to spend a further S$48.4&nbsp;billion to support businesses, workers and families, amounting to around 11% of GDP.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sim|first=Royston|date=26 March 2020|title=Singapore Govt pumps in $48b more to fight Covid-19 fallout, on top of $6.4b already announced|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/singapores-aviation-and-tourism-sectors-most-badly-hit-by-coronavirus-pandemic-dpm-heng|work=The Straits Times|access-date=20 September 2020}}</ref> Among the measures include increasing government co-funding of 25% of wages for all local workers, with those in food services getting 50% support and those in the tourism and aviation sector getting up to 75% support. Self-employed workers would receive S$1,000 per month. These measures would last for nine months.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/151b-boost-to-enhanced-jobs-support-scheme-amid-covid-19-outbreak-government-to-subsidise |title=Govt to subsidise wages of all local workers by at least 25% amid Covid-19 outbreak |last=Seow |first=Joanna |date=26 March 2020 |website=The Straits Times |language=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200423073152/https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/151b-boost-to-enhanced-jobs-support-scheme-amid-covid-19-outbreak-government-to-subsidise |archive-date=23 April 2020 |access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/resilience-budget-freelancers-get-s1000-monthly-payout-9-months-higher-training-allowances |title=Resilience Budget: Freelancers to get S$1,000 monthly payout for 9 months, higher training allowances |last=Ng |first=Jun Sen |date=26 March 2020 |website=Today|location=Singapore |access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref> A$350&nbsp;million aviation support package was introduced to fund the measures such as rebates on waiving off parking charges.<ref>{{cite web |title=MOF {{!}} Singapore Budget 2020 {{!}} Supplementary Budget Statement |url=https://www.singaporebudget.gov.sg/budget_2020/resilience-budget/supplementary-budget-statement |website=www.singaporebudget.gov.sg |access-date=27 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327004758/https://www.singaporebudget.gov.sg/budget_2020/resilience-budget/supplementary-budget-statement |archive-date=27 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> In spite of this large spending package, several private sector economists were still expecting the economy to contract in 2020.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/covid-19-budget-singapore-stimulus-recession-outbreak-12580774 |title=Singapore's 'bazooka' stimulus to cushion COVID-19 pain, but recession still on the cards: Economists |last=Tang |first=See Kit |date=27 March 2020 |website=CNA|language=en|access-date=27 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327072500/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/covid-19-budget-singapore-stimulus-recession-outbreak-12580774|archive-date=27 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Third stimulus package – "Solidarity Budget" === It was announced on 5 April that Finance Minister Heng Swee Keat would propose a third round of support measures through a "Solidarity Budget" when Parliament returned on 6 April.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/coronavirus-covid-19-heng-swee-keat-solidarity-budget-12611084|title=COVID-19: Heng Swee Keat to announce third round of support measures in new 'Solidarity Budget'|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=5 April 2020}}</ref> A total of S$5.1&nbsp;billion was allocated for the package, with S$4&nbsp;billion to be drawn from past reserves.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Solidarity Budget to cost S$5.1 billion, S$4 billion more needed from reserves|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/solidarity-budget-to-cost-5-1-billion-more-needed-from-reserves-12613850|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=10 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520022134/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/solidarity-budget-to-cost-5-1-billion-more-needed-from-reserves-12613850|archive-date=20 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Due to the extended [[2020 Singaporean Circuit Breaker|Circuit Breaker]] announced on 21 April, support measures from the "Solidarity Budget" were extended to May, costing another S$3.8&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite web|title=Wage support will be extended to second circuit breaker month of May: DPM Heng Swee Keat|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/wage-support-will-be-extended-to-second-circuit-breaker-month-of-may-dpm-heng-swee|last1=Cheong|first1=Danson|date=21 April 2020|website=The Straits Times|access-date=21 April 2020}}</ref> On 10 May, the Ministry of Finance announced that 32 companies had returned Jobs Support Scheme (JSS) payouts worth S$35&nbsp;million and had said they would not receive future payments related to JSS. Other companies that had previously received JSS monies, had said that while they retain what they had already received, they would also not receive further payments.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: 32 companies return Jobs Support Scheme wage subsidies worth S$35 million|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-32-companies-return-jss-payments-12719338|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=10 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511101013/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-32-companies-return-jss-payments-12719338|archive-date=11 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Fourth stimulus package – "Fortitude Budget" === On 19 May, it was announced that Finance Minister Heng would propose a fourth round of support measures at a statement delivered to Parliament on 26 May at 3.30&nbsp;pm.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: DPM Heng Swee Keat to deliver ministerial statement on further help for businesses, individuals|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-dpm-heng-swee-keat-speech-help-businesses-individuals-12749402|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=19 May 2020}}</ref> On 25 May, President [[Halimah Yacob|Halimah]] gave her in-principle approval for the Government to draw on the reserves for the package, the second time it was done for this crisis. The budget has since been named the "Fortitude Budget".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tan |first1=Audrey |title=Jobs a key part of 4th coronavirus support package, President gives in-principle support to draw on reserves |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/coronavirus-president-halimah-yacob-gives-in-principle-support-to-draw-on-reserves |website=The Straits Times |access-date=25 May 2020 |date=25 May 2020}}</ref> It was announced that the government would draw an additional S$32&nbsp;billion from past reserves, bringing the total used to S$52&nbsp;billion. In addition, another S$13&nbsp;billion will be set aside for contingencies due to the pandemic.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/fortitude-budget-draw-past-reserves-heng-swee-keat-12770316 |title=S$31 billion to be drawn from reserves for Fortitude Budget |last=Chew |first=Hui Min |date=26 May 2020 |website=CNA |language=en |access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref> Extending and enhancing the JSS, to include higher tiers of wage subsidies and lasting until August, would cost around S$2.9&nbsp;billion, bringing the total cost to S$23.5&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/higher-wage-subsidies-extended-to-more-sectors-under-jobs-support-scheme-support-to-last-10 |title=Higher wage subsidies for S'porean workers extended to more sectors hit by Covid-19, support to last 10 months: DPM Heng |last=Seow |first=Joanna |date=26 May 2020 |website=The Straits Times |language=en |access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref> To thank Singaporeans for working from home during the "circuit breaker", the government introduced a one off Solidarity Utilities Credit of S$100 for all households.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/all-households-with-at-least-one-singaporean-will-receive-100-subsidy-on-utility-bills-dpm |title=All households with at least one Singaporean will receive $100 subsidy on utility bills: DPM Heng |last=Yuen |first=Sin |date=26 May 2020|website=The Straits Times |language=en |access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref> Food and beverage (F&B) and retail companies would receive up to S$10,000 as part of efforts to digitally transform their businesses, as they are likely to be seriously affected by safe distancing rules after the circuit breaker is lifted.<ref>{{Cite web|title=F&B and retail businesses can get up to $10,000 under new digital transformation scheme|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/fb-retail-businesses-first-recipients-of-new-scheme-under-500m-digital-transformation-push|last=hermesauto|date=26 May 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref> S$2&nbsp;billion was committed to SGUnited Jobs and Skills Package was announced to create close some 100,000 opportunities for workers affected by the COVID-19 economic slowdown; involving around 40,000 jobs, 25,000 traineeships and 30,000 skills training opportunities. The public sector will create more jobs, with the majority coming from the early childhood and healthcare sectors.<ref>{{Cite web|title=$2b package to create 100,000 job and training opportunities for workers hit by Covid-19 slowdown|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/parliament-2bn-package-to-create-40000-jobs-25000-traineeships-and-30000-skills-training|last=hermesauto|date=26 May 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref> After announcing more draw downs of the reserves, Minister Heng warned that Singapore's financial position would be weaker going forward, but the government would do try to mitigate the negative effects.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: Singapore's financial position will be weaker in coming years, but Govt will manage the situation, says DPM Heng|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-financial-position-weaker-government-reserves-12775910|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=28 May 2020}}</ref> === Monetary Authority of Singapore package === To help financial institutions and FinTech companies tide over the virus, the [[Monetary Authority of Singapore]] (MAS) released a $125&nbsp;million package to help financial institutions and FinTech companies to strengthen long-term capabilities.<ref>{{cite web |title=MAS Launches S$125 Million Package for Financial Institutions and FinTech Firms to Strengthen Long-Term Capabilities |url=https://www.mas.gov.sg/news/media-releases/2020/mas-launches-package-for-fis-and-fintech-firms-to-strengthen-long-term-capabilities |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=8 April 2020 |website=mas.gov.sg |language=en |access-date=24 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200518084703/https://www.mas.gov.sg/news/media-releases/2020/mas-launches-package-for-fis-and-fintech-firms-to-strengthen-long-term-capabilities |archive-date=18 May 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) measures === On 14 April, the [[Infocomm Media Development Authority]] announced that they will launch Public Service Content worth S$8&nbsp;million and fund 90% of the course fees for Self-Employed Persons under Talent Assistance (T-Assist) Programme. To reduce operating costs, the Film Exhibition and Distribution Licence Fees will be waived from 17 April.<ref>{{cite news |title=Singapore Media Sector Gets A Boost Amidst COVID-19 |url=https://www.imda.gov.sg/news-and-events/Media-Room/Media-Releases/2020/Singapore-Media-Sector-Gets-A-Boost-Amidst-COVID-19 |work=Infocomm Media Development Authority |language=en |access-date=14 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420094610/https://www.imda.gov.sg/news-and-events/Media-Room/Media-Releases/2020/Singapore-Media-Sector-Gets-A-Boost-Amidst-COVID-19 |archive-date=20 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> === SingapoRediscovers vouchers === Every Singaporean who would be aged 18 and above in 2020 would receive S$100 worth of SingapoRediscovers vouchers, which can be used for a variety activities to support the local tourism industry. They were planned to be usable between December 2020 and June 2021 and would be paid via SingPass.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singaporediscovers-tourism-vouchers-chan-chun-sing-covid-19-13115702 |title=Singaporeans aged 18 and above to receive S$100 worth of local tourism vouchers |last=Ang |first=Hwee Min |date=16 September 2020 |access-date=16 September 2020|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> Additionally, [[Trip.com]] has a "Pay It Forward" campaign throughout this usable period, where people can use their vouchers to pay for tourism products for various beneficiary groups.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How To Use Your SingapoRediscovers Vouchers To Donate To Charity|url=https://www.todayonline.com/8days/seeanddo/thingstodo/how-use-your-singaporediscovers-vouchers-donate-charity|access-date=30 December 2020|website=Today|location=Singapore}}</ref> When the vouchers were launched, there were some complaints from Singaporeans about the complex way the vouchers were to be redeemed.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Teh|first1=Cheryl|last2=Lim|first2=Jessie|date=24 November 2020|title=Singapore consumers express concern over 'complicated' tourism voucher redemption process|work=[[The Straits Times]]|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-consumers-express-concern-over-complicated-tourist-voucher-redemption-process|access-date=30 December 2020}}</ref> On 30 April 2021, the [[Singapore Tourism Board]] (STB) announced that the expiry date of the SingapoRediscovers vouchers will be extended to 31 December 2021, and that improvements to the redemption process will be rolled out.<ref>{{Cite web|title=SingapoRediscovers vouchers scheme extended to year end, 'enhancements' to be introduced|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singaporediscovers-vouchers-scheme-extended-to-dec-31-14719978|access-date=7 May 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> == Criticisms and reactions == On 18 February and 10 March, the [[World Health Organization|WHO]] praised Singapore's efforts to contain COVID-19 infections through tracing and quarantining close contacts, testing every case of influenza-like illness and pneumonia, and Singapore's "all-government approach" in the containment of COVID-19. The [[Singapore Police Force]], [[Singapore Armed Forces]] and [[Ministry of Health (Singapore)|Ministry of Health]] are coordinating to do aggressive contact tracing.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/police-helping-moh-in-contact-tracing |title=Coronavirus: Police helping MOH in contact tracing |date=16 February 2020 |website=The Straits Times |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321054654/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/police-helping-moh-in-contact-tracing |archive-date=21 March 2020 |access-date=21 March 2020}}</ref> While many international medical experts praised Singapore's efforts to control the outbreak in Singapore, ''[[The New York Times]]'' argued that this could well be the continuation of erosion of civil liberties.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Singer|first1=Natasha|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/23/technology/coronavirus-surveillance-tracking-privacy.html|title=As Coronavirus Surveillance Escalates, Personal Privacy Plummets|date=23 March 2020|work=The New York Times|access-date=24 March 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324094050/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/23/technology/coronavirus-surveillance-tracking-privacy.html|archive-date=24 March 2020|last2=Sang-Hun|first2=Choe|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Despite effective handling of initial waves of infection, serious outbreaks in April have brought the situation in Singapore out of control; many analysts points to poor conditions at foreign workers dormitories as a major factor of the failure.<ref name="time">{{cite news |last=Leung |first=Hillary |title=Why Singapore, Once a Model for Coronavirus Response, Lost Control of Its Outbreak |url=https://time.com/5824039/singapore-outbreak-migrant-workers// |access-date=28 July 2020 |newspaper=Time |date=20 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Stack |first=Megan K. |title=A Sudden Coronavirus Surge Brought Out Singapore's Dark Side|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/20/magazine/singapore-coronavirus.html |access-date=28 July 2020 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=20 May 2020}}</ref> === Mistreatment of healthcare workers === It was reported in February that healthcare workers faced mistreatment from the public. President [[Halimah Yacob]] urged Singaporeans to appreciate the work of healthcare workers.<ref>{{cite news |last=Yong |first=Clement |title=President Halimah pained by reports that some are treating healthcare workers badly |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/president-halimah-pained-by-reports-that-some-are-treating-healthcare-workers-badly |work=The Straits Times |date=13 February 2020 |language=en |access-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412024331/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/president-halimah-pained-by-reports-that-some-are-treating-healthcare-workers-badly |archive-date=12 April 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Grab (company)|Grab]] announced that they will be launching GrabCare to transport healthcare workers to and from their work places.<ref name="GrabCare">{{cite web|title=Grab to pilot service offering round-the-clock rides home for healthcare professionals|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/grabcare-wuhan-virus-coronavirus-covid-19-pilot-grab-12427022|date=12 February 2020|website=CNA|access-date=16 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216052129/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/grabcare-wuhan-virus-coronavirus-covid-19-pilot-grab-12427022|archive-date=16 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On 12 April, CNA reported that some staff members of Lee Ah Mooi, a [[Nursing home care|nursing home]], were evicted by landlords.<ref name=":13" /> However, the authorities had also mentioned that landlords who evict tenants on Leave of Absence or Stay-Home Notices would be penalised.<ref name=":13">{{cite news |title=Some staff members at Lee Ah Mooi evicted by landlords, says nursing home hit by COVID-19 |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-staff-members-at-lee-ah-mooi-evicted-by-landlords-12633420 |work=CNA |language=en |access-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412024329/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-staff-members-at-lee-ah-mooi-evicted-by-landlords-12633420 |archive-date=12 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Leaked recording of SCCCI dialogue === On 17 February, a leaked recording of a closed-door dialogue session on 10 February of [[Chan Chun Sing]] with business people from the [[Singapore Chinese Chamber of Commerce and Industry]] (SCCCI) went viral in Singapore. In the 25-minute recording, Mr. Chan spoke candidly about the supply of surgical masks, which he said were not the solution and should be reserved for the hospital system, as well as characterizing panic buyers as a small group who behaved like "idiots" and would "kill" Singapore's ability to negotiate prices of key supplies internationally.<ref name="SCCCI">{{cite web |last1=Tee |first1=Zhuo |title=Leak of closed-door Chan Chun Sing meeting 'deeply disappointing' and a 'betrayal', says Singapore Chinese Chamber president |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/leak-of-closed-door-chan-chun-sing-meeting-deeply-disappointing-and-a-betrayal-says |website=The Straits Times |access-date=21 March 2020 |date=19 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227192432/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/leak-of-closed-door-chan-chun-sing-meeting-deeply-disappointing-and-a-betrayal-says |archive-date=27 February 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> In response, SCCCI said that the leak is "deeply disappointing" and a "betrayal of trust", adding that it was investigating the source of the leak.<ref name="SCCCI"/> === Living conditions at foreign worker dormitories === The pandemic brought the living conditions at foreign worker dormitories to media attention. Dormitories were reported to be unsanitary and crowded, making preventive measures like social distancing difficult.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Lim|first1=Joyce|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/manpower/workers-describe-crowded-cramped-living-conditions|title=Coronavirus: Workers describe crowded, cramped living conditions at dormitory gazetted as isolation area|date=6 April 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=6 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406030002/http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/manpower/workers-describe-crowded-cramped-living-conditions|archive-date=6 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Retired diplomat [[Tommy Koh]] criticised the living conditions, calling it "third world" and "a time bomb waiting to explode".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Romero |first1=Anna |title=Tommy Koh: The way Singapore treats its foreign workers is not First World but Third World |url=http://theindependent.sg/tommy-koh-the-way-singapore-treats-its-foreign-workers-is-not-first-world-but-third-world/ |access-date=8 April 2020 |newspaper=The Independent |date=7 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408041210/http://theindependent.sg/tommy-koh-the-way-singapore-treats-its-foreign-workers-is-not-first-world-but-third-world/ |archive-date=8 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Amnesty International]] called the situation a "recipe for disaster".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/04/singapore-migrant-workers-quarantine-protected-mass-infection/ |title=Singapore: Over 20,000 migrant workers in quarantine must be protected from mass infection |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=6 April 2020 |publisher=Amnesty International |language=en |access-date=8 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408002307/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/04/singapore-migrant-workers-quarantine-protected-mass-infection/ |archive-date=8 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Minister for Manpower [[Josephine Teo]] vowed to improve the living conditions of foreign workers after the quarantine was handled.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/manpower-minister-vows-raise-standard-dormitories-after-covid-19-outbreak-over |title=Manpower minister vows to raise standard of dormitories after Covid-19 outbreak is over |author1=Navene Elangovan|author2=Alif Chandra |date=7 April 2020 |website=Today|location=Singapore |access-date=5 August 2020}}</ref> While churches in the 1960s and 1970s historically championed social justice and advocacy for worker rights within the Singaporean civil society, this has declined over the years due to the rise of a middle class and a dependency on state-centric growth.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chong |first1=Terence |title=Pentecostal Megachurches in Southeast Asia: Negotiating Class, Consumption and the Nation |date=2018 |publisher=ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute |isbn=978-981-4786-88-1 |page=8 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DFxVDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA8 |language=en |chapter=Introduction}}</ref> During the pandemic, Singaporean churches sought ways to bring about "neighbourly love" and national prayer. But some criticised this as not being enough to address the inequalities experienced by foreign workers who were disproportionately affected by the virus.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sim |first1=Joshua Dao Wei |title=Compliant Singaporean Christians? State-Centred Christian Responses to COVID-19 in a Single-Party Dominant State |journal=Studies in World Christianity |date=November 2020 |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=239–260 |doi=10.3366/swc.2020.0308}}</ref> On 9 April, MOM said in a press release that it will improve quality of meals of foreign workers during quarantine and formed a task force to improve the living conditions of foreign workers.<ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus: MOM to improve quality of meals for foreign workers under quarantine |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/mom-to-improve-quality-of-meals-for-foreign-workers-under-quarantine |work=The Straits Times |date=9 April 2020 |language=en |access-date=24 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428212835/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/mom-to-improve-quality-of-meals-for-foreign-workers-under-quarantine |archive-date=28 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> As of 25 April 25 dormitories have been gazetted as isolation areas.<ref name="24AprIso">{{cite web|title=COVID-19: Four more foreign worker dormitories declared as isolation areas|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-four-more-foreign-worker-dormitories-isolation-areas-12671742|date=24 April 2020|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=24 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428010632/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-four-more-foreign-worker-dormitories-isolation-areas-12671742|archive-date=28 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Some healthy workers are also progressively being moved to numerous empty premises such as [[Singapore Armed Forces|SAF]] camps, [[Housing and Development Board|HDB]] blocks, floating hotels and [[Changi Exhibition Centre]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Lim |first=Janice |date=9 April 2020 |title=21 HDB blocks in Redhill Close to house healthy essential foreign workers relocated from dorms |url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/some-healthy-foreign-workers-essential-services-moved-their-dormitories-redhill-close |work=Today|location=Singapore |access-date=24 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421074805/https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/some-healthy-foreign-workers-essential-services-moved-their-dormitories-redhill-close |archive-date=21 April 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mothership.sg/2020/04/foreign-worker-jurong-bedok-camp/|title=1,300 healthy foreign workers move into vacant premises at Jurong & Bedok camps|website=mothership.sg|language=en|access-date=9 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200425143011/https://mothership.sg/2020/04/foreign-worker-jurong-bedok-camp/|archive-date=25 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On 16 April, Minister for Manpower [[Josephine Teo]] said that there will be a "three-pronged strategy"; containing the spread, imposing lockdowns and separating workers in essential services.<ref>{{cite news |title=3-pronged strategy in place to stop coronavirus spread in dorms |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/3-pronged-strategy-in-place-to-stop-virus-spread-in-dorms |work=The Straits Times |date=15 April 2020 |language=en |access-date=16 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422185734/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/3-pronged-strategy-in-place-to-stop-virus-spread-in-dorms |archive-date=22 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Minister for National Development [[Lawrence Wong]] has said that the living standards in dormitories have steadily improved over the years, and suggested that the issue was the dormitories being designed for communal living, where migrant workers ate, lived, and cooked together, and that the initial precautions and safeguards put in place to reduce some of the non-essential activities were not sufficient.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore is not yet halfway through its coronavirus outbreak, says minister|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/06/coronavirus-singapore-is-not-halfway-through-outbreak-says-minister.html|last=Lee|first=Yen Nee|date=6 May 2020|publisher=CNBC|language=en|access-date=6 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200506075843/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/06/coronavirus-singapore-is-not-halfway-through-outbreak-says-minister.html|archive-date=6 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The government has promised to build new dormitories that are designed with public health in mind and provide more amenities, while some workers will be temporarily moved to makeshift dormitories before the new dormitories are ready.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 June 2020|title=COVID-19: Singapore to build new dormitories with improved living standards for migrant workers|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-singapore-new-dormitories-foreign-workers-conditions-12792538|access-date=8 August 2020|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> It is noted that a large majority of COVID-19 cases in Singapore are foreign workers. On 20 April, Singapore reported a peak of 1,426 new cases, of which only 16 were not migrant workers but citizens or permanent residents. Foreign workers had accounted for three-fourths of the total infections in Singapore by then.<ref name="time"/> Towards the end of July 2020, a spate of attempted and successful suicides among the foreign workers in dormitories raised concerns about the mental well-being of the workers on lockdown.<ref>{{Cite news|date=24 July 2020|title=Police respond to 3 dorm incidents on Friday|language=en|work=The New Paper|url=https://www.tnp.sg/news/singapore/police-respond-3-dorm-incidents-friday|access-date=9 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=At breaking point: Singapore's migrant workers struggle with isolation, anxiety amid COVID-19 curbs|url=https://sg.news.yahoo.com/at-breaking-point-migrant-workers-struggle-with-isolation-anxiety-amid-covid-19-restrictions-073153411.html|access-date=9 August 2020|publisher=Yahoo! News|language=en-SG}}</ref> Authorities are monitoring the situation and are working with partners and NGOs to enhance their mental health support programmes.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID 19: No spike in number of migrant worker suicides, says MOM|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/migrant-workers-mental-health-suicides-covid-19-mom-12989854|access-date=9 August 2020|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=6 August 2020|title=Spate of suicides among migrant workers in Singapore raises concern|language=en|agency=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-singapore-migrants-idUSKCN2510QP|access-date=9 August 2020}}</ref> ===Social distancing on public transport=== Before the [[2020 Singapore circuit breaker measures|circuit breaker]] was implemented, commuters and a few [[Nominated Member of Parliament|NMPs]] had urged authorities to enforce social distancing measures on public transport; due to the high demand of commuters, however, this was not implemented.<ref>{{cite news|date=23 March 2020|title=Social distancing needed on buses and trains, too|work=Today|location=Singapore|url=https://www.todayonline.com/voices/social-distancing-needed-buses-and-trains-too|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325160546/https://www.todayonline.com/voices/social-distancing-needed-buses-and-trains-too|archive-date=25 March 2020}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite web|date=25 March 2020|title=NMPs urge Govt to roll out safe-distancing measures on public transport|url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/nmps-urge-govt-roll-out-safe-distancing-measures-public-transport|access-date=5 September 2020|website=Today|location=Singapore}}</ref> Minister for National Development [[Lawrence Wong]] said that when these measures are implemented, it could mean restricting the number of people going to work or school.<ref name=":14" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=23 March 2020|title=Safe distancing: Do not use trains, buses if unwell, cut unnecessary and peak-hour travel, says Khaw Boon Wan|url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/safe-distancing-trains-buses-do-not-travel-if-unwell-reduce-unnecessary-and-peak-hour-use|access-date=5 September 2020|website=Today|location=Singapore}}</ref> Social distancing was implemented during the start of the circuit breaker, with stickers pasted on seats and auxiliary officers and transport ambassadors enforcing the rules throughout this period.<ref>{{cite news |title=COVID-19: Additional safe distancing measures implemented on public transport |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/lta-safe-distancing-covid-19-public-transport-12623902 |work=CNA |language=en |access-date=10 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412055408/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/lta-safe-distancing-covid-19-public-transport-12623902 |archive-date=12 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Since June, public transport has gradually resumed pre-circuit breaker operations. Regulations for social distancing are no longer applicable by law except for fixed public transport area queues such as MRT stations and bus interchanges. Social distancing stickers are removed on bus and train seats, allowing all passengers including seniors to sit. However, commuters should still social distance where possible if there is no seats.<ref>{{cite web |title=Safe distancing stickers on public transport removed as circuit breaker ends {{!}} Video |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/safe-distancing-stickers-on-public-transport-removed-as-circuit-12793346 |website=CNA |access-date=6 June 2020 |language=en |date=1 June 2020}}</ref> Mask wearing continues to be mandatory in public transport and all public places in Singapore.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 June 2020|title=Social gatherings pose 'a different magnitude of risk' of Covid-19 compared to contact on public transport: Lawrence Wong|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/social-gatherings-pose-a-different-magnitude-of-risk-of-covid-19-compared-to-contact-on|access-date=5 September 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> === Home-based businesses === On 26 April, HDB, URA and MND released a joint statement that home-based businesses would have to suspend operations as part of the circuit breaker measures.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Zhaki Abdullah |title=Home-based businesses must abide by circuit breaker measures or face S$1,000 fine |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/home-based-businesses-circuit-breaker-covid-19-hdb-fine-12677562 |access-date=10 May 2020 |work=CNA |date=26 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507153705/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/home-based-businesses-circuit-breaker-covid-19-hdb-fine-12677562 |archive-date=7 May 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> This generated opposition among home-based food business operators, particularly those dependent on such businesses for income and those seeking to capitalise on increased demand during [[Ramadan]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Tan |first=Sue-Ann |title=Coronavirus: Home bakers cannot operate under circuit breaker rules |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/business/home-bakers-cannot-operate-under-circuit-breaker-rules |work=The Straits Times |date=26 April 2020 |language=en |access-date=27 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200427031128/https://www.straitstimes.com/business/home-bakers-cannot-operate-under-circuit-breaker-rules |archive-date=27 April 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author1=Zhaki Abdullah |title=Home-based F&B businesses look beyond circuit breaker period, some rally to help those affected |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid19-home-based-food-businesses-look-beyond-circuit-breaker-12683772 |access-date=10 May 2020 |work=CNA |date=29 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200509130105/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid19-home-based-food-businesses-look-beyond-circuit-breaker-12683772 |archive-date=9 May 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> The measure was subsequently adjusted to these businesses to resume operations on 12 May.<ref name="Ease1">{{cite web|title=Tightened circuit breaker measures extended for another week; some activities allowed to resume from 5 May|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/some-singapore-businesses-to-reopen-from-may-5-as-circuit-breaker-measures-eased|last1=Wong|first1=Lester|last2=Kurohi|first2=Rei|date=2 May 2020|website=The Straits Times|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502065935/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/some-singapore-businesses-to-reopen-from-may-5-as-circuit-breaker-measures-eased|archive-date=2 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === TraceTogether controversy === {{See also|TraceTogether#Controversy over police access}} On 4 January 2021, Minister of State for Home Affairs Desmond Koh announced in Parliament that Bluetooth proximity data from the TraceTogether app and token could be used by the police in criminal investigations, as per the Criminal Procedure Code.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore Police Force can obtain TraceTogether data for criminal investigations: Desmond Tan|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-police-force-can-obtain-tracetogether-data-covid-19-13889914|access-date=4 January 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> This resulted in significant backlash, as the announcement contradicted previous statements that the data would strictly be used for contact tracing; concerns were aired about the transparency of the government and how the personal data would be used, as well as possible infringement on the privacy of citizens. Some users even switched off their apps or left their tokens at home in protest.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Big Read: What's the big deal with data privacy? Thorny, complex issues confront citizens and governments|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/big-read-data-privacy-government-citizens-13973584|access-date=3 February 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> In response, Minister-in-charge of the Smart Nation Initiative Vivian Balakrishnan clarified that the police could only obtain TraceTogether data through a person involved in the investigation, adding that there were plans to introduce legislation that would restrict police use of TraceTogether data to serious offences such as terrorism or murder.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Legislation to be introduced setting out serious offences for which TraceTogether data can be used for police probe|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/tracetogether-data-legislation-7-categories-police-covid-19-13921820|access-date=3 February 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> The ''COVID-19 (Temporary Measures) (Amendment) Bill'' was passed on 2 February, which included a possible extension of the COVID-19 Control Order to next year and beyond if the situation does not improve or worsens, as well as the removal of [[SafeEntry]]/TraceTogether data at the end of the pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bill restricting use of TraceTogether data for serious crimes passed by Parliament|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/bill-restrict-tracetogether-to-serious-crimes-passed-parliament-14096726|access-date=3 February 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> == Notes == {{Notelist}} == References == {{reflist}} ==External links== * {{commons category-inline}} * [https://corona.arrangy.com Worldwide Coronavirus Map, confirmed Cases] – Map the route paths of coronavirus confirmed cases. * [https://www.moh.gov.sg/covid-19 Updates on COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) Local Situation – Ministry of Health (Singapore)] * [https://qa.st-visuals.com/coronavirus-in-sg/index.html The Straits Times digital graphics tracker of cases in Singapore (updated daily)] * [https://experience.arcgis.com/experience/7e30edc490a5441a874f9efe67bd8b89 Official Update of COVID −19 Situation in Singapore] * [https://infographics.channelnewsasia.com/covid-19/coronavirus-singapore-clusters.html CNA's COVID-19 clusters] * [https://infographics.channelnewsasia.com/covid-19/singapore-map.html CNA's COVID-19 map] * [https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/novel-coronavirus-cases-in-singapore The Straits Times article tracking every single case in Singapore] * [https://www.coronatracker.com/country/sg CoronaTracker] – Statistics on the coronavirus cases in Singapore * [https://gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6 Coronavirus COVID-19 Global Cases] and [https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19 historical data] by [[Johns Hopkins University]] * [https://www.singaporevisa.com/news/travel-restrictions Singapore travel restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic] {{COVID-19 pandemic|short=yes}} {{Portal bar|COVID-19|Singapore|Medicine|Viruses}} [[Category:2020 in Singapore]] [[Category:2021 in Singapore]] [[Category:COVID-19 pandemic by country|Singapore]] [[Category:COVID-19 pandemic in Asia|Singapore]] [[Category:COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore| ]] [[Category:Disease outbreaks in Singapore]] [[Category:Health in Singapore]]'
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'@@ -46,49 +46,7 @@ == Epidemiology == -{{COVID-19 pandemic data/Singapore medical cases chart}}{{anchor|COVID chart}} -{{See also|Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore|Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore}} - +Okay so covid 19 is a virus caused by those fat chinese men === Background === -On 31 December 2019, health authorities in China reported to the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) a [[Disease cluster|cluster]] of viral pneumonia cases of unknown cause in [[Wuhan]], Hubei,<ref name="AutoDW-69">{{cite web|title=Novel Coronavirus|url=https://www.who.int/westernpacific/emergencies/novel-coronavirus|work=[[World Health Organization]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202151307/https://www.who.int/westernpacific/emergencies/novel-coronavirus|archive-date=2 February 2020|access-date=6 February 2020}}</ref> and an investigation was launched in early January 2020.<ref name="bbc50984025">{{Cite news|date=3 January 2020|title=Mystery pneumonia virus probed in China|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-50984025|url-status=live|access-date=29 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200105051949/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-50984025|archive-date=5 January 2020}}</ref> On 30 January, the WHO declared the outbreak a [[Public Health Emergency of International Concern]] (PHEIC), after mounting evidence that the [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2|novel coronavirus]] had spread to 18 countries and completion of investigation in Wuhan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wuhan virus: WHO declares China virus outbreak an international emergency|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/world/europe/wuhan-virus-who-declares-china-virus-outbreak-an-international-emergency|last=hermesauto|date=31 January 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421070119/https://www.straitstimes.com/world/europe/wuhan-virus-who-declares-china-virus-outbreak-an-international-emergency|archive-date=21 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO declares Wuhan virus a 'global health emergency': What does that mean?|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/wuhan-virus-who-declares-public-health-emergency-what-does-that-mean|last=hermesauto|date=31 January 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515110256/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/wuhan-virus-who-declares-public-health-emergency-what-does-that-mean|archive-date=15 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> - -=== Cases === -Throughout the outbreak, cases were traced to clusters that several cases had visited during a particular time period, with venues including religious institutions,<ref name="13FebMOH">{{cite web|title=Eight More Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 Infection|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/eight-more-confirmed-cases-of-covid-19-infection|date=13 February 2020|work=MOH|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213114302/https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/eight-more-confirmed-cases-of-covid-19-infection|archive-date=13 February 2020|access-date=13 February 2020}}</ref> workplaces,<ref>{{cite web|title=New coronavirus cluster at company in Science Park II with 4 staff infected, including 2 new cases announced|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/new-coronavirus-cluster-at-e-learning-company-in-science-park-ii-with-4-staff|last1=Goh|first1=Timothy|last2=Kaur|first2=Karamjit|date=28 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228123937/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/new-coronavirus-cluster-at-e-learning-company-in-science-park-ii-with-4-staff|archive-date=28 February 2020|access-date=28 February 2020}}</ref> construction sites,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Construction at Seletar Aerospace Heights halted since first COVID-19 case reported|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid19-coronavirus-construction-seletar-aerospace-heights-halt-12449426|date=19 February 2020|website=CNA|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421074814/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid19-coronavirus-construction-seletar-aerospace-heights-halt-12449426|archive-date=21 April 2020|access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref> a number of schools,<ref name="SchClusters">{{cite web|title=Singapore reports 73 new COVID-19 cases, new cluster involving PCF Sparkletots centre linked to 18 cases|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/new-covid-19-cases-pcf-sparkletots-fengshan-mar-25-12574708|website=CNA|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325143439/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/new-covid-19-cases-pcf-sparkletots-fengshan-mar-25-12574708|archive-date=25 March 2020|access-date=25 March 2020}}</ref> private events,<ref>{{cite web|title=5 new Covid-19 cases in S'pore: 4 linked to new cluster involving Safra Jurong private dinner|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/5-new-covid-19-cases-in-spore-including-4-linked-to-a-new-cluster-a-private-dinner|last1=Choo|first1=Yun Ting|date=5 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305215650/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/5-new-covid-19-cases-in-spore-including-4-linked-to-a-new-cluster-a-private-dinner|archive-date=5 March 2020|access-date=5 March 2020}}</ref> retail businesses,<ref>{{cite web|title=35 new Covid-19 cases in S'pore, 3 new clusters – a bar in Circular Road, a dormitory in Seletar North Link and a serviced apartment in Wilby Road|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/35-new-covid-19-cases-in-spore-3-new-clusters-a-bar-in-circular-road-a-dormitory-at|last1=Yong|first1=Clement|date=30 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331042048/http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/35-new-covid-19-cases-in-spore-3-new-clusters-a-bar-in-circular-road-a-dormitory-at|archive-date=31 March 2020|access-date=30 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=233 new COVID-19 cases in Singapore, 7 new clusters including MBS restaurant and McDonald's|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/coronavirus-covid-19-moh-cases-clusters-mbs-mcdonalds-12635076|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=20 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418111920/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/coronavirus-covid-19-moh-cases-clusters-mbs-mcdonalds-12635076|archive-date=18 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=7 new Covid-19 clusters in S'pore, including Northpoint City in Yishun; 597 of 618 new cases are workers in dormitories|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/618-new-covid-19-cases-taking-total-to-12693|last1=Yong|first1=Clement|date=25 April 2020|website=The Straits Times|access-date=25 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200425131603/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/618-new-covid-19-cases-taking-total-to-12693|archive-date=25 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> and a hospital.<ref>{{cite web|title=58-year-old S'porean woman dies from coronavirus, the 15th death here; 12 new clusters identified, including IMH|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/528-new-coronavirus-cases-taking-tally-in-singapore-to-16169|last1=Ng|first1=Charmaine|last2=Iau|first2=Jean|date=30 April 2020|website=The Straits Times|access-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430233658/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/528-new-coronavirus-cases-taking-tally-in-singapore-to-16169|archive-date=30 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Imported cases also became a source of infection in March.<ref>{{Cite web|title=23 new cases in Singapore, with 18 of them imported|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/23-new-cases-in-singapore-with-18-of-them-imported|date=23 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323224259/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/23-new-cases-in-singapore-with-18-of-them-imported|archive-date=23 March 2020|access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=42 new coronavirus cases in S'pore including 24 imported; new cluster at Yishun bridal salon|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/42-new-coronavirus-patients-in-singapore-3-cases-form-new-cluster-in-yishun-bridal-salon|last1=Yuen|first1=Sin|date=29 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329130533/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/42-new-coronavirus-patients-in-singapore-3-cases-form-new-cluster-in-yishun-bridal-salon|archive-date=29 March 2020|access-date=29 March 2020}}</ref> From early April to late September, most new cases were at foreign worker dormitories and construction sites,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore facing two separate outbreaks: in the community and in foreign worker dormitories|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/singapore-facing-two-separate-outbreaks-in-the-community-and-in-foreign-worker|date=21 April 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503050513/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/singapore-facing-two-separate-outbreaks-in-the-community-and-in-foreign-worker|archive-date=3 May 2020|access-date=6 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: Cases at dormitories, construction sites and other linked clusters|url=https://infographics.channelnewsasia.com/covid-19/singapore-map.html|website=CNA|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420081859/https://infographics.channelnewsasia.com/covid-19/singapore-map.html?cid=h3_referral_inarticlelinks_24082018_cna|archive-date=20 April 2020|access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref> while imported cases formed the bulk of new cases from early October; as of 7 July 2021, there are a total of 54,527 dormitory residents, 3,270 cases in the community, and 4,855 imported cases.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://covidsitrep.moh.gov.sg/|title=Situation Report [Summary of Confirmed Cases by Status in the Past 14 Days]|publisher=[[Ministry of Health (Singapore)]]}}</ref> 20 April 2020 saw the highest number of daily cases at 1,426,<ref name=":3">{{cite web|title=1,426 new COVID-19 cases in Singapore, mostly foreign workers in dormitories|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-new-cases-1426-foreign-workers-dormitory-citizen-pr-moh-12658250|date=20 April 2020|website=CNA|access-date=20 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420130943/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-new-cases-1426-foreign-workers-dormitory-citizen-pr-moh-12658250|archive-date=20 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> while 12 May saw 20,799 active cases{{snd}}the highest since the outbreak began.<ref>{{Cite web|title=12 May 2020 Daily Report on COVID-19|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/docs/librariesprovider5/local-situation-report/situation-report---12-may-2020.pdf}}</ref> The last date of any patient in ICU was 6 July 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=6 July 2021 Daily Report on COVID-19|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/docs/librariesprovider5/local-situation-report/ceg_20210706_daily_report_on_covid-19.pdf}}</ref> 14 August 2020 was the first time since June that there were no reported community cases,<ref>{{Cite web|title=MOH {{!}} News Highlights|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/83-new-cases-of-covid-19-infection|access-date=14 August 2020|website=www.moh.gov.sg}}</ref> while 1 October 2020 was the first time since April that the daily number of imported cases exceeded that of dormitory cases.<ref>{{cite web|title=Singapore's daily count of imported cases exceeds dormitory infections for the first time in 6 months|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-new-imported-cases-exceed-dormitory-workers-13169536?cid=h3_referral_inarticlelinks_24082018_cna|last=Asokan|first=Ainslee|date=1 October 2020|website=CNA|access-date=2 October 2020}}</ref> 13 October 2020 was the first time in over six months that no dormitory cases were reported,<ref>{{cite web|title=Timeline: No new COVID-19 case in Singapore's dormitories for the first time in more than 6 months|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-cases-singapore-dormitory-zero-six-months-13271976|last=Yong|first=Michael|date=13 October 2020|website=CNA|access-date=13 October 2020}}</ref> with 15 June 2021 being the first time in over eleven months that no imported cases were reported.<ref>{{cite web|title=14 new community COVID-19 cases in Singapore, including 5 unlinked infections|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/moh-covid-19-singapore-new-cases-linked-jun-15-15016746|date=15 June 2021|website=CNA|access-date=15 June 2021}}</ref> - -Internationally, the [[Case fatality rate|case fatality ratio]] (CFR) for COVID-19 has been much lower than [[2002–2004 SARS outbreak|SARS in 2003]].<ref name="Imperial13March20202">{{cite web|title=Crunching the numbers for coronavirus|url=https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/196137/crunching-numbers-coronavirus/|website=Imperial News|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319084913/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/196137/crunching-numbers-coronavirus/|archive-date=19 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Gov.ukHCIDDef2">{{cite web|title=High consequence infectious diseases (HCID); Guidance and information about high consequence infectious diseases and their management in England|url=https://www.gov.uk/guidance/high-consequence-infectious-diseases-hcid|website=GOV.UK|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303051938/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/high-consequence-infectious-diseases-hcid|archive-date=3 March 2020|access-date=17 March 2020}}</ref> The [[Transmission (medicine)|transmission]] of the [[SARS-CoV-2]] virus powering the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll.<ref name="WFSA2">{{cite web|title=World Federation Of Societies of Anaesthesiologists – Coronavirus|url=https://www.wfsahq.org/resources/coronavirus|website=wfsahq.org|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312233527/https://www.wfsahq.org/resources/coronavirus|archive-date=12 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Imperial13March20202" /> However, Singapore's death rate has been one of the world's lowest, both in terms of CFR and per capita.<ref name="scmp_3081772">{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus: why so few deaths among Singapore's 14,000 infections?|url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/health-environment/article/3081772/coronavirus-why-so-few-deaths-among-singapores-14000|date=27 April 2020|website=South China Morning Post|language=en|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Aravindan|first=John Geddie, Aradhana|date=18 September 2020|title=Why is Singapore's COVID-19 death rate the world's lowest|language=en|agency=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-singapore-explainer-idUSKBN2680TF|access-date=24 September 2020}}</ref> This may be attributed to the fact that the bulk of the cases are restricted to the migrant workers living in dormitories away from the general population.<ref name="scmp_3081772" /> These migrant workers tend to be younger,<ref name="scmp_3081772" /> with an average age of 30 years and 2 months old when surveyed in 2015, and the healthcare system was never overwhelmed.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vital yet vulnerable: Mental and emotional health of South Asian migrant Workers in Singapore|url=https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3021&context=soss_research|last1=Harrigan|first1=Nicholas|last2=Koh|first2=Chiu Yee|website=ink.library.smu.edu.sg|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=25 June 2020|title=Why Singapore has relatively low Covid-19 death rate|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/why-spore-has-relatively-low-covid-19-death-rate|access-date=25 June 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> The authorities also tested the entire dormitory population for COVID-19 infection, leading to many otherwise asymptomatic infections being picked up.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Covid-19 testing completed for all migrant workers in dormitories, says MOM, agencies|url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/covid-19-testing-completed-all-migrant-workers-dormitories-says-mom-agencies|access-date=4 September 2020|website=Today|location=Singapore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=12 May 2020|title=Controlling the Outbreak, Preparing for the Next Phase|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/controlling-the-outbreak-preparing-for-the-next-phase|access-date=4 September 2020|website=moh.gov.sg|quote=We are still picking up many cases every day across the dormitories... because of our extensive testing regime, covering the workers who are well and asymptomatic.}}</ref> Research by the [[European Commission]] suggests that the CFR for [[SARS-CoV-2]] virus picks up in cases 50 years of age and above.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19 Cases and Case Fatality Rate by age|url=https://ec.europa.eu/knowledge4policy/publication/covid-19-cases-case-fatality-rate-age_en|last=ALVAREZ|first=Marlene|date=4 May 2020|website=Knowledge for policy – European Commission|language=en|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> The elderly in the general population in Singapore have been advised to stay at home as much as possible,<ref name="scmp_3081772" /> while resident-facing staff in old folks homes are being housed on site or separately in hotels.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MOH {{!}} News Highlights|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/support-measures-for-seniors-during-covid-19|website=www.moh.gov.sg|access-date=1 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607235310/https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/support-measures-for-seniors-during-covid-19|archive-date=7 June 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> - -Other factors contributing to Singapore's exceptionally low CFR include the country's use of extensive contact tracing and testing to identify cases, mandatory mask-wearing, hospitalisation of all high-risk patients, and comparatively narrow criteria for classifying COVID-19 deaths.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why is Singapore's COVID-19 death rate the world's lowest |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-singapore-explainer-idUSKBN2680TF |access-date=22 November 2020 |agency=Reuters |date=18 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref> - -Prevalence studies on the population have shown that 4 in 1600 in the community, or about 0.25%, have previously been infected with COVID-19, while at least 47% of migrant workers living in dormitories have tested positive by [[Polymerase chain reaction|PCR]] or serological tests.<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 December 2020|title=Much lower Covid-19 prevalence rate in community than among migrant workers, according to study|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/much-lower-covid-19-prevalence-rate-in-community-than-among-migrant-workers-according-to|access-date=15 December 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=15 December 2020|title=47 per cent of migrant workers in S'pore dorms have had a Covid-19 infection, say Manpower and Health Ministries|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/47-per-cent-of-migrant-workers-in-dorms-have-had-a-covid-19-infection-say-manpower-and|access-date=15 December 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> - -==== Wave 1: Imported cases from China (January 2020) ==== -National authorities began reporting suspected cases on 4 January,<ref>{{cite web|title=Wuhan pneumonia: First suspected case reported in Singapore|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/wuhan-pneumonia-first-suspect-case-identified-here|last1=Chang|first1=Ai-Lien|date=4 January 2020|website=The Straits Times|access-date=15 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115062654/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/wuhan-pneumonia-first-suspect-case-identified-here|archive-date=15 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> however the first confirmed case was reported on 23 January, a tourist from Wuhan.<ref name="Abdullah 2020">{{cite web|title=Singapore confirms first case of Wuhan virus|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/wuhan-virus-pneumonia-singapore-confirms-first-case-12312860|last=Abdullah|first=Zhaki|date=23 January 2020|website=CNA|access-date=23 January 2020}}</ref> Until 30 January, there were a total of 13 confirmed cases, all of whom were visitors to Singapore from China.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore confirms 3 new cases of Wuhan virus; total of 10 infected|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/wuhan-virus-singapore-new-confirmed-cases-10-total-12364556|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421182642/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/wuhan-virus-singapore-new-confirmed-cases-10-total-12364556|archive-date=21 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Wuhan virus: 3 more confirmed cases in Singapore, bringing total to 13|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/wuhan-virus-3-more-confirmed-cases-in-singapore-total-number-is-now-13-infected-in-the|last=hermesauto|date=30 January 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314034334/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/wuhan-virus-3-more-confirmed-cases-in-singapore-total-number-is-now-13-infected-in-the|archive-date=14 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The first case involving a Singaporean was confirmed on 31 January after returning from Wuhan.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Goh |first1=Timothy |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/wuhan-virus-first-singaporean-confirmed-to-have-virus-she-was-on-scoot-flight-from |title=Wuhan virus: First Singaporean case confirmed; she was on Scoot flight from Wuhan |website=The Straits Times |access-date=13 May 2020 |date=31 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200427110658/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/wuhan-virus-first-singaporean-confirmed-to-have-virus-she-was-on-scoot-flight-from |archive-date=27 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Contact tracing procedures were put in place to identify close contacts of the confirmed cases who were placed under 14-day quarantines to ring-fence the potential spread of the virus.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wuhan virus: Close contacts to be quarantined as MOH begins contact tracing|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/close-contacts-to-be-quarantined-as-moh-begins-contact-tracing|last=hermes|date=24 January 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502014338/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/close-contacts-to-be-quarantined-as-moh-begins-contact-tracing|archive-date=2 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus: How contact tracers track down the people at risk of infection|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/how-contact-tracers-track-down-the-people-at-risk-of-infection|last=hermes|date=9 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502090414/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/how-contact-tracers-track-down-the-people-at-risk-of-infection|archive-date=2 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> - -==== Wave 2: Early local clusters (February to March 2020) ==== -These imported cases eventually lead to clusters of local transmissions being formed. The first cluster was reported on 4 February at Yong Thai Hang, a shop that mainly serves Chinese tourists. It was identified as the locus of the infection where four women without recent history of travel to China contracted the virus.<ref name="LocalTransmission">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus: S'pore reports first cases of local transmission; 4 out of 6 new cases did not travel to China|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-spore-reports-first-cases-of-local-transmission-4-out-of-6-new-cases-did-not|last1=Chang|first1=Ai-Lien|last2=Khalik|first2=Salma|date=4 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204101450/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-spore-reports-first-cases-of-local-transmission-4-out-of-6-new-cases-did-not|archive-date=4 February 2020|access-date=4 February 2020}}</ref> The shop was affected when a tour group from [[Guangxi]], China visited it along with other locations such as the Diamond Industries Jewellery Company at Harbour Drive, where another case occurred, while touring Singapore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=FOUR MORE CONFIRMED CASES OF NOVEL CORONAVIRUS INFECTION IN SINGAPORE|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/four-more-confirmed-cases-of-novel-coronavirus-infection-in-singapore|date=5 February 2020|website=moh.gov.sg|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205152031/https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/four-more-confirmed-cases-of-novel-coronavirus-infection-in-singapore|archive-date=5 February 2020|access-date=13 May 2020}}</ref> The tour group had returned to China and the Chinese authorities had confirmed that two of the group was infected.<ref name="LocalTransmission" /> Authorities then raised the nation's Disease Outbreak Response System Condition (DORSCON) level from Yellow to Orange after more cases with unclear origins surfaced on 7 February,<ref>{{cite web|title=Coronavirus: Singapore ups outbreak alert to orange as more cases surface with no known links; more measures in force|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-outbreak-alert-upped-to-orange-as-more-cases-surface-with-no-known-links-more|last1=Chang|first1=Ai-Lien|last2=Khalik|first2=Salma|date=7 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|access-date=4 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Novel coronavirus: S'pore moves to Dorscon Orange, as 3 new cases confirmed with no apparent link to previous trimcases or recent travel to China|url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/wuhan-novel-coronavirus-spore-moves-dorscon-orange-3-new-cases-confirmed-no-apparent-links-previous-cases|website=Today|location=Singapore|access-date=7 February 2020}}</ref> with Prime Minister Lee expressing his worry about some cases with no known chain of transmission of the infection directly from Wuhan or indirectly via cases traced in Singapore. He suggested that it might become "futile to try to trace every contact".<ref>{{cite web|title=PM Lee Hsien Loong on the Novel Coronavirus (nCoV) Situation in Singapore on 8 February 2020|url=https://www.pmo.gov.sg/Newsroom/PM-Lee-Hsien-Loong-on-the-Novel-Coronavirus-nCoV-Situation-in-Singapore-on-8-February-2020|date=8 February 2020|website=Prime Minister's Office (Singapore)|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215030240/https://www.pmo.gov.sg/Newsroom/PM-Lee-Hsien-Loong-on-the-Novel-Coronavirus-nCoV-Situation-in-Singapore-on-8-February-2020|archive-date=15 February 2020|access-date=15 February 2020}}</ref><ref name="Vox_SG_PM_untraced_worry">{{cite news|last1=Belluz|first1=Julia|date=14 February 2020|title=Why the coronavirus outbreak might be much bigger than we know|newspaper=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|url=https://www.vox.com/2020/2/14/21134473/coronavirus-outbreak-singapore-us-symptoms-pandemic|url-status=live <!-- live|dead|unfit|usurped -->|url-access=<!-- (subscription/registration/limited) default=free -->|access-date=14 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214202837/https://www.vox.com/2020/2/14/21134473/coronavirus-outbreak-singapore-us-symptoms-pandemic|archive-date=14 February 2020}}</ref> More clusters emerged at various locations, where there were large scale gatherings such as a business conference, Chinese New Year dinner gatherings and church-related activities.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Two of Singapore's earliest clusters no longer active and are officially closed|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/two-of-singapores-earliest-clusters-no-longer-active-and-are-officially-closed|last=hermes|date=12 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420181135/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/two-of-singapores-earliest-clusters-no-longer-active-and-are-officially-closed|archive-date=20 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Two clusters were linked when several cases in each cluster was found to have infected each other through [[Serology|serological tests]], the first such successful test in the world.<ref name="first-cases">{{cite web|title=Grace Assembly coronavirus mystery solved: Antibody tests linked mega cluster to 2 Wuhan tourists via CNY party and Life Church cluster in a world-first|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/grace-assembly-coronavirus-mystery-solved-mega-cluster-linked-to-2-wuhan-tourists-via-a|last1=Goh|first1=Timothy|last2=Kurohi|first2=Rei|date=25 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225143547/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/grace-assembly-coronavirus-mystery-solved-mega-cluster-linked-to-2-wuhan-tourists-via-a|archive-date=25 February 2020|access-date=25 February 2020}}</ref> - -==== Wave 3: Returning Singaporeans and permanent residents from overseas (March 2020) ==== -In March, as the number of cases began to rise exponentially around the world, the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Singapore)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] (MFA) and the [[Ministry of Education (Singapore)|Ministry of Education]] (MOE) began to encourage Singaporeans to return home. Various institutes of higher learning recalled their students currently on overseas internship or exchange, and the MFA began liaising with airlines to facilitate flights to key cities when necessary during this period, to cater to demand for return flights to Singapore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Advisory for Singaporean Students Studying Overseas|url=http://www.mfa.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Statements-Transcripts-and-Photos/2020/03/170320_Advisory-for-Singaporean-Students-Studying-Overseas|website=mfa.gov.sg|language=en|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407115932/https://www.mfa.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Statements-Transcripts-and-Photos/2020/03/170320_Advisory-for-Singaporean-Students-Studying-Overseas|archive-date=7 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> This led to an increase in number of imported cases, in which over 70% of cases from 16 to 19 March were Singaporeans and long-term pass holders returning from overseas.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Over 70% of Singapore's new Covid-19 cases the past 4 days were imported – and most were Singapore residents and long-term pass holders, Business Insider – Business Insider Singapore|url=https://www.businessinsider.sg/70-of-singapores-new-covid-19-cases-the-past-3-days-were-imported-and-most-were-singapore-residents-and-long-term-pass-holders|last=Lin|first=Jessica|website=businessinsider.sg|language=en-US|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200425045611/https://www.businessinsider.sg/70-of-singapores-new-covid-19-cases-the-past-3-days-were-imported-and-most-were-singapore-residents-and-long-term-pass-holders|archive-date=25 April 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> - -==== Wave 4: Spread among migrant worker population (April to May 2020) ==== -On 7 April [[2020 Singapore circuit breaker measures|circuit breaker]] (lockdown) measures were imposed on the general population. The bulk of cases began to shift from imported cases to migrant workers living in dormitories, resulting in the authorities imposing a mandatory quarantine of 20,000 migrant workers in two dormitories gazetted as isolation areas, namely the S11 Dormitory and Westlite Toh Guan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: Nearly 20,000 foreign workers in quarantine in S11 Dormitory, Westlite Toh Guan|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-nearly-20-000-foreign-workers-in-quarantine-in-s11-12611426|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520023240/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-nearly-20-000-foreign-workers-in-quarantine-in-s11-12611426|archive-date=20 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Following which, the number of cases in migrant worker dormitories began to soar as more clusters were detected in other migrant worker dormitories, reaching a single-daily high of 1,426 cases recorded amongst migrant workers on 20 April.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore's Coronavirus Success Story Hits a Snag|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/21/singapore-coronavirus-response-snag/|last=Bhandare|first=Namita|website=Foreign Policy|language=en-US|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503070628/https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/21/singapore-coronavirus-response-snag/|archive-date=3 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On 21 April, MOM announced that all foreign workers in dormitories were to stop work until 4 May to curb the rising spread of the coronavirus among the groups that were hit the hardest.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus: All foreign workers in dormitories to stop work until 4 May|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-all-foreign-workers-in-dormitories-to-stop-work-until-may-4|last=hermesauto|date=21 April 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421200805/http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-all-foreign-workers-in-dormitories-to-stop-work-until-may-4|archive-date=21 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The number of daily cases amongst migrant workers living in dormitories gradually decreased but continued to remain in the hundreds until early August, with aggressive testing by the authorities.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: 20,000 migrant workers to be discharged by end-May, but cases from dormitories likely to remain high|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-migrant-workers-dormitories-discharged-circuit-breaker-12725016|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522035722/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-migrant-workers-dormitories-discharged-circuit-breaker-12725016|archive-date=22 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> April also marked a shift in policy. The government stopped automatically admitting the infected in hospitals and instead created community care facilities for those who were at low risk, which allowed hospitals to focus only on those in higher risk categories. At the peak on 12 May, there were 19,667 patients in community care facilities. This allowed hospitals to reduce bed take up related to COVID-19 from more than a thousand to several hundred in a few weeks. 18 September saw the first time since the crisis spread to work dormitories that the daily dorm case number fell into single digits.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MOH {{!}} News Highlights|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/11-new-cases-of-covid-19-infection|access-date=18 September 2020|website=www.moh.gov.sg}}</ref> - -====Wave 5: Community and Clusters (May 2020 to April 2021)==== -From May onwards, the vast majority of cases were reported in dormitories, with community cases never rising above 24 cases, which was reported on 11 July.<ref>{{Cite web|title=11 July 2020 Daily Report on COVID-19|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/docs/librariesprovider5/2019-ncov/situation-report---11-jul-2020.pdf}}</ref> Nevertheless, while numbers in the dorms remained elevated in May, 20 April in fact represented the peak of daily cases reported among dormitory workers. By August, it was clear that the situation in dormitories was being brought under control, with new daily cases among dorm workers finally falling below 100 on 11 August. On 11 August, Ministry of Manpower announced that all dormitories had been declared cleared of COVID-19 (except for those blocks that were being used for quarantine facilities).<ref>{{Cite web|title=All Dormitories Declared Cleared Of COVID-19|url=https://www.mom.gov.sg/newsroom/press-releases/2020/0811-all-dormitories-declared-cleared-of-covid-19|access-date=17 August 2020|website=Ministry of Manpower Singapore|language=en}}</ref> By 1 October less than 300 people were being housed in community care facilities, down from the almost 20,000 from the May peak.<ref>{{Cite web|title=1 October 2020 Daily Report on COVID-19|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/docs/librariesprovider5/2019-ncov/20201001_daily_report_on_covid-19_cabinet112f423068d243c0bed4abc4996042ec.pdf}}</ref> However, it also became clear that controlling the disease was going to be extremely difficult. While total case numbers had continued to decline, unlinked community cases had begun to edge up and some dorms that had been cleared of infection were once again put on lockdown. A significant milestone was achieved on 13 October when it was announced that, for the first time since March, there were no local cases of infection. This was followed shortly by 16 October, when the number of active cases fell to less than 100{{snd}}the first time since 12 March,<ref>{{Cite web|title=MOH {{!}} News Highlights|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/no-new-cases-of-locally-transmitted-covid-19-infection|access-date=13 October 2020|website=www.moh.gov.sg}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=hermesauto|date=16 October 2020|title=Active Covid-19 cases fall below 100 for the first time in Singapore since 12 March|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/fewer-than-100-active-covid-19-cases-in-singapore-for-the-first-time-since-march-12|access-date=17 October 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> and by 25 November, when it was announced that there were no active clusters for the first time since the pandemic began.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Last COVID-19 cluster closes; no active cluster in Singapore for the first time since pandemic began|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/last-covid-19-cluster-closes-singapore-no-active-clusters-13630980|access-date=25 November 2020|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> - -On 24 December, Singapore has confirmed its first case of the new coronavirus variant found in the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 December 2020|title=Singapore confirms first case of new coronavirus variant found in UK|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/singapore-confirms-first-case-new-coronavirus-variant-found-uk-2020-12-24/|access-date=8 May 2021|agency=Reuters}}</ref> The variant, known as B.1.525, has the E484K spike protein mutation, which is also present in the so-called [[South African variant]] and is the key mutation found so far that could undermine the effectiveness of vaccines. - -On 31 December 2020, 2 new clusters were formed out of the 5 community cases reported that day, all of whom were linked to the marine sector.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore reports 5 COVID-19 community cases, forming 2 new clusters|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-dec-31-new-cases-imported-local-dormitory-moh-13870108|access-date=6 January 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> Two additional clusters were formed on 17 and 19 January 2021; the first was from 2 community cases linked to a para-vet working with the Singapore Police Force's K-9 unit,<ref>{{Cite web|title=30 new COVID-19 cases in Singapore, including 2 in community, forming new cluster linked to para-vet|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-cases-jan-17-moh-imported-community-dormitory-13979174|access-date=17 January 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> with the second from 2 community cases linked to a worker at Golden Bridge Foods Manufacturing.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Another COVID-19 cluster formed; 4 community cases among 30 new infections in Singapore|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-cases-jan-19-moh-4-community-imported-new-cluster-13991042|access-date=20 January 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> Another cluster consisting of four community cases linked to an employee at BS Industrial & Construction Supply was formed on 20 January.<ref>{{Cite web|title=New COVID-19 cluster formed after 3 cases linked to sales employee at BS Industrial & Construction Supply|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/new-covid-19-cluster-formed-bs-industrial-construction-supply-14002724|access-date=21 January 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> 2 new clusters were identified on 21 and 24 April; the first was a household cluster of 3 community cases linked to a 43-year-old Indian national and work pass holder who was possibly re-infected,<ref>{{Cite web|title=New COVID-19 cluster in Singapore linked to imported case who was 'probably reinfected' in India|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-cluster-reinfected-case-india-recovered-travellers-14659896|access-date=21 April 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> while the second was a group of 4 community cases who were linked to a 39-year-old Indonesian sailor.<ref>{{Cite web|title=5 community cases among 23 new COVID-19 infections in Singapore|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-cases-singapore-community-dormitory-imported-apr-24-moh-14685250|access-date=24 April 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> On 29 April, a new household cluster was formed out of 7 community cases that were linked to a 38-year-old Singaporean ICA officer working at [[Changi Airport]], with another cluster formed out of 8 community cases linked to a 46-year-old Filipino nurse working at [[Tan Tock Seng Hospital]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=16 new community COVID-19 cases in Singapore, highest in more than 9 months|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-cases-imported-community-tan-tock-seng-moh-apr-29-14712050|access-date=29 April 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> - -After banning short term arrivals in March, imported cases fell dramatically. However, since the beginning of July, there was a steady trickle of imported cases as the government loosened arrival requirements, with the majority of cases arriving from India, Indonesia, and the Philippines. January 2021 saw a sharp spike in imported cases, of which foreign domestic workers formed the bulk due to the high demand for maids amidst the pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Demand for new maids high despite extra costs amid COVID-19 restrictions, risk of imported cases|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/demand-for-new-maids-covid-19-costs-travel-restrictions-13904512|access-date=20 January 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> - -==== Wave 6: Control of Variants (April 2021 to present) ==== -On 23 April 2021, Singapore banned all long-term pass holders and short-term visitors from India, which was experiencing a second wave believed to be fuelled by [[Lineage B.1.617|a strain with a double mutation]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Asia|first=T. T. G.|title=Singapore further tightens border measures for travellers from India {{!}} TTG Asia|url=https://www.ttgasia.com/2021/04/23/singapore-further-tightens-border-measures-for-travellers-from-india/|access-date=26 April 2021|website=www.ttgasia.com|language=en-US}}</ref> This was followed by a ban on all long-term pass holders and short-term visitors from Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka on 30 April, which was later extended to all long-term pass holders and short-term visitors worldwide on 4 May. In addition, it was announced that Singapore would temporarily revert to Phase 2 from 8 to 30 May.<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 April 2021|title=Updates on Local Situation, Border Measures for Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, Thailand and Precautionary Measures to Minimise Transmission from Tan Tock Seng Hospital Cluster|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/updates-on-local-situation-border-measures-for-bangladesh-nepal-pakistan-and-sri-lanka-thailand-and-precautionary-measures-to-minimise-transmission-from-tan-tock-seng-hospital-cluster|access-date=30 April 2021|website=moh.gov.sg}}</ref> However, by then it was too late to stop the strain from entering Singapore, with the government announcing on 4 May that the variant had been detected among locally-transmitted cases in the community.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ng|first=Abigail|date=4 May 2021|title=Singapore says it has detected the 'double mutant' Covid variant from India in its community, tightens restrictions|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/05/04/double-mutant-covid-variant-from-india-detected-in-singapore.html|access-date=8 May 2021|publisher=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> A new cluster was formed out of 4 community cases linked to an 88-year-old cleaner working at Changi Airport's Terminal 3, who tested positive on 5 May; by 14 May it had become Singapore's largest active cluster at 59 cases, with at least 17 testing preliminarily positive for the "double mutant" variant.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 May 2021|title=Changi Airport and other Covid-19 clusters in S'pore: What we know so far|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/2021/05/singapore-covid19-clusters/index.html|access-date=14 May 2021|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> Subsequently, MOH announced that there would be more restrictions lasting from 16 May to 13 June, following reports of increasing cases in the Changi Airport cluster and several institutes of education. Dining-in would no longer be allowed, and the maximum number of persons in a social gathering would be further reduced to two, among other restrictions.<ref>{{Cite web|last=hermesauto|date=14 May 2021|title=No dining in, social gatherings capped at 2 people from May 16 as S'pore tightens Covid-19 rules|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/no-dining-in-social-gatherings-capped-at-2-people-from-may-16-as-spore-tightens|access-date=14 May 2021|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> - -After a decline in community cases, it was announced that Singapore would re-enter "Phase 3 Heightened Alert", with re-opening to commence in two stages. The first stage would begin on 14 June with the limit on social gatherings increased to 5 people, while the next stage would begin on 21 June with the resumption of dining-in with 5 people.<ref>{{cite web|title=Up to 5 in a group allowed from Jun 14; dining-in to resume on Jun 21 in phased easing of COVID-19 curbs|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/cap-of-5-people-social-gatherings-dining-in-phase-3-covid-19-14985970|website=CNA (Channel NewsAsia)|author=Jalelah Abu Baker|date=10 June 2021|access-date=10 June 2021}}</ref> However, a new cluster was formed at the 115 Bukit Merah View Market and Food Center that was linked to a 74-year old store owner who tested positive on 9 June, which resulted in a fresh surge of community cases. Consequently, the second stage of re-opening was adjusted so that only 2 persons would be allowed for dining-in.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dining-in to resume from Jun 21 but in groups of two, not five|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-dining-in-resume-groups-of-2-people-jun-21-moh-15040520|access-date=2021-06-18|website=CNA}}</ref> With the stabilisation of community infections in early July 2021, it was announced that dining-in with groups of up to 5&mdash;along with wedding receptions&mdash;would resume on 12 July; in addition, MOH raised the possibility of more restrictions being eased upon at least half of the population completing their vaccination regimen.<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 July 2021|title=Updates on Phase 3 (Heightened Alert) Measures|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/updates-on-phase-3-(heightened-alert)-measures-7Jul|access-date=7 July 2021|website=www.moh.gov.sg}}</ref> - -In addition, all Singapore primary schools, secondary schools and junior colleges were to move to full home-based learning starting on 19 May.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: Primary, secondary schools and JCs to move to full home-based learning from May 19|url= https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-home-based-learning-primary-secondary-school-jc-14821222 |access-date=16 May 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> MOE later announced on 14 June that Primary 4-6, Secondary 3-5, and junior college and Millennia Institute students would be able to return to school on 28 June, and Secondary 1-2 students on 1 July; all students from other levels would return on 6 July.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lower primary, lower secondary students to continue with home-based learning after June holidays|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-term-3-hbl-p1-to-p3-secondary-school-jc-students-15011504|access-date=2021-06-14|website=CNA}}</ref> - -==== Cautious reopening ==== -The authorities took cautious measures as the economy began to reopen to more regular outside travellers in August. Travellers who did not quarantine in a dedicated facility would have to wear an electronic tag throughout the 14-day period.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Travellers entering Singapore serving stay-home notice outside of facilities to wear electronic device|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/electronic-device-travellers-enter-singapore-stay-home-notice-12985052|access-date=3 August 2020|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> Singapore also implemented a Reciprocal Green Lane (RGL) and Periodic Commuting Arrangement (PCA) with Malaysia, allowing limited travel between the two countries. Later in the month, arrivals from certain countries had their 14-day quarantine reduced to 7 days; those arriving from Brunei and New Zealand who were tested negative upon arrival would be allowed in without any quarantine.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Singapore to waive off stay-home notices|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-brunei-new-zealand-singapore-travel-stay-home-notice-13042146|access-date=22 August 2020}}</ref> On 30 September 2020, the Singapore government announced that the country will lift border restrictions for some visitors from [[Australia]], excluding [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria state]], and [[Vietnam]], beginning from 8 October 2020;<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: Singapore to lift border restrictions for some visitors from Australia, Vietnam|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-border-restrictions-australia-vietnam-travel-covid-19-13164246|access-date=30 September 2020|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> restrictions for Victoria state and mainland China were lifted on 6 November.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Toh|first=Ting Wei|date=29 October 2020|title=Singapore to allow travellers from China, Australia's Victoria from 6 Nov; no quarantine if Covid-19 test negative|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/singapore-to-allow-travellers-from-china-australias-victoria-from-nov-6-no|access-date=29 October 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> In October, Minister of Transport [[Ong Ye Kung]] suggested that Singapore would be looking to open travel bubbles with various countries such as those with similar risk profiles, but also for those countries from higher risk locations.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lee|first=Yen Nee|date=12 October 2020|title=Here's how Singapore plans to resume international travel safely|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/10/12/singapore-plans-to-resume-international-travel-amid-coronavirus-pandemic.html|access-date=12 October 2020|publisher=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> One such travel bubble between Singapore and Hong Kong was to have started on 22 November, but had to be postponed to 2021 due to the resurgence of [[COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong|COVID-19 cases in Hong Kong]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore, Hong Kong to defer air travel bubble launch|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-singapore-hong-kong-defer-travel-bubble-december-13675222|access-date=1 December 2020|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> +Conclusion, idk lol == Domestic impact == '
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[ 0 => '{{COVID-19 pandemic data/Singapore medical cases chart}}{{anchor|COVID chart}}', 1 => '{{See also|Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore|Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore}}', 2 => '', 3 => 'On 31 December 2019, health authorities in China reported to the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) a [[Disease cluster|cluster]] of viral pneumonia cases of unknown cause in [[Wuhan]], Hubei,<ref name="AutoDW-69">{{cite web|title=Novel Coronavirus|url=https://www.who.int/westernpacific/emergencies/novel-coronavirus|work=[[World Health Organization]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202151307/https://www.who.int/westernpacific/emergencies/novel-coronavirus|archive-date=2 February 2020|access-date=6 February 2020}}</ref> and an investigation was launched in early January 2020.<ref name="bbc50984025">{{Cite news|date=3 January 2020|title=Mystery pneumonia virus probed in China|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-50984025|url-status=live|access-date=29 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200105051949/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-50984025|archive-date=5 January 2020}}</ref> On 30 January, the WHO declared the outbreak a [[Public Health Emergency of International Concern]] (PHEIC), after mounting evidence that the [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2|novel coronavirus]] had spread to 18 countries and completion of investigation in Wuhan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wuhan virus: WHO declares China virus outbreak an international emergency|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/world/europe/wuhan-virus-who-declares-china-virus-outbreak-an-international-emergency|last=hermesauto|date=31 January 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421070119/https://www.straitstimes.com/world/europe/wuhan-virus-who-declares-china-virus-outbreak-an-international-emergency|archive-date=21 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO declares Wuhan virus a 'global health emergency': What does that mean?|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/wuhan-virus-who-declares-public-health-emergency-what-does-that-mean|last=hermesauto|date=31 January 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515110256/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/wuhan-virus-who-declares-public-health-emergency-what-does-that-mean|archive-date=15 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>', 4 => '', 5 => '=== Cases ===', 6 => 'Throughout the outbreak, cases were traced to clusters that several cases had visited during a particular time period, with venues including religious institutions,<ref name="13FebMOH">{{cite web|title=Eight More Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 Infection|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/eight-more-confirmed-cases-of-covid-19-infection|date=13 February 2020|work=MOH|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213114302/https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/eight-more-confirmed-cases-of-covid-19-infection|archive-date=13 February 2020|access-date=13 February 2020}}</ref> workplaces,<ref>{{cite web|title=New coronavirus cluster at company in Science Park II with 4 staff infected, including 2 new cases announced|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/new-coronavirus-cluster-at-e-learning-company-in-science-park-ii-with-4-staff|last1=Goh|first1=Timothy|last2=Kaur|first2=Karamjit|date=28 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228123937/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/new-coronavirus-cluster-at-e-learning-company-in-science-park-ii-with-4-staff|archive-date=28 February 2020|access-date=28 February 2020}}</ref> construction sites,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Construction at Seletar Aerospace Heights halted since first COVID-19 case reported|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid19-coronavirus-construction-seletar-aerospace-heights-halt-12449426|date=19 February 2020|website=CNA|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421074814/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid19-coronavirus-construction-seletar-aerospace-heights-halt-12449426|archive-date=21 April 2020|access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref> a number of schools,<ref name="SchClusters">{{cite web|title=Singapore reports 73 new COVID-19 cases, new cluster involving PCF Sparkletots centre linked to 18 cases|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/new-covid-19-cases-pcf-sparkletots-fengshan-mar-25-12574708|website=CNA|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325143439/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/new-covid-19-cases-pcf-sparkletots-fengshan-mar-25-12574708|archive-date=25 March 2020|access-date=25 March 2020}}</ref> private events,<ref>{{cite web|title=5 new Covid-19 cases in S'pore: 4 linked to new cluster involving Safra Jurong private dinner|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/5-new-covid-19-cases-in-spore-including-4-linked-to-a-new-cluster-a-private-dinner|last1=Choo|first1=Yun Ting|date=5 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305215650/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/5-new-covid-19-cases-in-spore-including-4-linked-to-a-new-cluster-a-private-dinner|archive-date=5 March 2020|access-date=5 March 2020}}</ref> retail businesses,<ref>{{cite web|title=35 new Covid-19 cases in S'pore, 3 new clusters – a bar in Circular Road, a dormitory in Seletar North Link and a serviced apartment in Wilby Road|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/35-new-covid-19-cases-in-spore-3-new-clusters-a-bar-in-circular-road-a-dormitory-at|last1=Yong|first1=Clement|date=30 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331042048/http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/35-new-covid-19-cases-in-spore-3-new-clusters-a-bar-in-circular-road-a-dormitory-at|archive-date=31 March 2020|access-date=30 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=233 new COVID-19 cases in Singapore, 7 new clusters including MBS restaurant and McDonald's|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/coronavirus-covid-19-moh-cases-clusters-mbs-mcdonalds-12635076|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=20 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418111920/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/coronavirus-covid-19-moh-cases-clusters-mbs-mcdonalds-12635076|archive-date=18 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=7 new Covid-19 clusters in S'pore, including Northpoint City in Yishun; 597 of 618 new cases are workers in dormitories|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/618-new-covid-19-cases-taking-total-to-12693|last1=Yong|first1=Clement|date=25 April 2020|website=The Straits Times|access-date=25 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200425131603/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/618-new-covid-19-cases-taking-total-to-12693|archive-date=25 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> and a hospital.<ref>{{cite web|title=58-year-old S'porean woman dies from coronavirus, the 15th death here; 12 new clusters identified, including IMH|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/528-new-coronavirus-cases-taking-tally-in-singapore-to-16169|last1=Ng|first1=Charmaine|last2=Iau|first2=Jean|date=30 April 2020|website=The Straits Times|access-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430233658/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/528-new-coronavirus-cases-taking-tally-in-singapore-to-16169|archive-date=30 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Imported cases also became a source of infection in March.<ref>{{Cite web|title=23 new cases in Singapore, with 18 of them imported|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/23-new-cases-in-singapore-with-18-of-them-imported|date=23 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323224259/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/23-new-cases-in-singapore-with-18-of-them-imported|archive-date=23 March 2020|access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=42 new coronavirus cases in S'pore including 24 imported; new cluster at Yishun bridal salon|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/42-new-coronavirus-patients-in-singapore-3-cases-form-new-cluster-in-yishun-bridal-salon|last1=Yuen|first1=Sin|date=29 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329130533/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/42-new-coronavirus-patients-in-singapore-3-cases-form-new-cluster-in-yishun-bridal-salon|archive-date=29 March 2020|access-date=29 March 2020}}</ref> From early April to late September, most new cases were at foreign worker dormitories and construction sites,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore facing two separate outbreaks: in the community and in foreign worker dormitories|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/singapore-facing-two-separate-outbreaks-in-the-community-and-in-foreign-worker|date=21 April 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503050513/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/singapore-facing-two-separate-outbreaks-in-the-community-and-in-foreign-worker|archive-date=3 May 2020|access-date=6 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: Cases at dormitories, construction sites and other linked clusters|url=https://infographics.channelnewsasia.com/covid-19/singapore-map.html|website=CNA|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420081859/https://infographics.channelnewsasia.com/covid-19/singapore-map.html?cid=h3_referral_inarticlelinks_24082018_cna|archive-date=20 April 2020|access-date=20 April 2020}}</ref> while imported cases formed the bulk of new cases from early October; as of 7 July 2021, there are a total of 54,527 dormitory residents, 3,270 cases in the community, and 4,855 imported cases.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://covidsitrep.moh.gov.sg/|title=Situation Report [Summary of Confirmed Cases by Status in the Past 14 Days]|publisher=[[Ministry of Health (Singapore)]]}}</ref> 20 April 2020 saw the highest number of daily cases at 1,426,<ref name=":3">{{cite web|title=1,426 new COVID-19 cases in Singapore, mostly foreign workers in dormitories|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-new-cases-1426-foreign-workers-dormitory-citizen-pr-moh-12658250|date=20 April 2020|website=CNA|access-date=20 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420130943/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-new-cases-1426-foreign-workers-dormitory-citizen-pr-moh-12658250|archive-date=20 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> while 12 May saw 20,799 active cases{{snd}}the highest since the outbreak began.<ref>{{Cite web|title=12 May 2020 Daily Report on COVID-19|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/docs/librariesprovider5/local-situation-report/situation-report---12-may-2020.pdf}}</ref> The last date of any patient in ICU was 6 July 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=6 July 2021 Daily Report on COVID-19|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/docs/librariesprovider5/local-situation-report/ceg_20210706_daily_report_on_covid-19.pdf}}</ref> 14 August 2020 was the first time since June that there were no reported community cases,<ref>{{Cite web|title=MOH {{!}} News Highlights|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/83-new-cases-of-covid-19-infection|access-date=14 August 2020|website=www.moh.gov.sg}}</ref> while 1 October 2020 was the first time since April that the daily number of imported cases exceeded that of dormitory cases.<ref>{{cite web|title=Singapore's daily count of imported cases exceeds dormitory infections for the first time in 6 months|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-new-imported-cases-exceed-dormitory-workers-13169536?cid=h3_referral_inarticlelinks_24082018_cna|last=Asokan|first=Ainslee|date=1 October 2020|website=CNA|access-date=2 October 2020}}</ref> 13 October 2020 was the first time in over six months that no dormitory cases were reported,<ref>{{cite web|title=Timeline: No new COVID-19 case in Singapore's dormitories for the first time in more than 6 months|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-cases-singapore-dormitory-zero-six-months-13271976|last=Yong|first=Michael|date=13 October 2020|website=CNA|access-date=13 October 2020}}</ref> with 15 June 2021 being the first time in over eleven months that no imported cases were reported.<ref>{{cite web|title=14 new community COVID-19 cases in Singapore, including 5 unlinked infections|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/moh-covid-19-singapore-new-cases-linked-jun-15-15016746|date=15 June 2021|website=CNA|access-date=15 June 2021}}</ref>', 7 => '', 8 => 'Internationally, the [[Case fatality rate|case fatality ratio]] (CFR) for COVID-19 has been much lower than [[2002–2004 SARS outbreak|SARS in 2003]].<ref name="Imperial13March20202">{{cite web|title=Crunching the numbers for coronavirus|url=https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/196137/crunching-numbers-coronavirus/|website=Imperial News|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319084913/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/196137/crunching-numbers-coronavirus/|archive-date=19 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Gov.ukHCIDDef2">{{cite web|title=High consequence infectious diseases (HCID); Guidance and information about high consequence infectious diseases and their management in England|url=https://www.gov.uk/guidance/high-consequence-infectious-diseases-hcid|website=GOV.UK|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303051938/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/high-consequence-infectious-diseases-hcid|archive-date=3 March 2020|access-date=17 March 2020}}</ref> The [[Transmission (medicine)|transmission]] of the [[SARS-CoV-2]] virus powering the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll.<ref name="WFSA2">{{cite web|title=World Federation Of Societies of Anaesthesiologists – Coronavirus|url=https://www.wfsahq.org/resources/coronavirus|website=wfsahq.org|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312233527/https://www.wfsahq.org/resources/coronavirus|archive-date=12 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="Imperial13March20202" /> However, Singapore's death rate has been one of the world's lowest, both in terms of CFR and per capita.<ref name="scmp_3081772">{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus: why so few deaths among Singapore's 14,000 infections?|url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/health-environment/article/3081772/coronavirus-why-so-few-deaths-among-singapores-14000|date=27 April 2020|website=South China Morning Post|language=en|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Aravindan|first=John Geddie, Aradhana|date=18 September 2020|title=Why is Singapore's COVID-19 death rate the world's lowest|language=en|agency=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-singapore-explainer-idUSKBN2680TF|access-date=24 September 2020}}</ref> This may be attributed to the fact that the bulk of the cases are restricted to the migrant workers living in dormitories away from the general population.<ref name="scmp_3081772" /> These migrant workers tend to be younger,<ref name="scmp_3081772" /> with an average age of 30 years and 2 months old when surveyed in 2015, and the healthcare system was never overwhelmed.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vital yet vulnerable: Mental and emotional health of South Asian migrant Workers in Singapore|url=https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3021&context=soss_research|last1=Harrigan|first1=Nicholas|last2=Koh|first2=Chiu Yee|website=ink.library.smu.edu.sg|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=25 June 2020|title=Why Singapore has relatively low Covid-19 death rate|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/why-spore-has-relatively-low-covid-19-death-rate|access-date=25 June 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> The authorities also tested the entire dormitory population for COVID-19 infection, leading to many otherwise asymptomatic infections being picked up.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Covid-19 testing completed for all migrant workers in dormitories, says MOM, agencies|url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/covid-19-testing-completed-all-migrant-workers-dormitories-says-mom-agencies|access-date=4 September 2020|website=Today|location=Singapore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=12 May 2020|title=Controlling the Outbreak, Preparing for the Next Phase|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/controlling-the-outbreak-preparing-for-the-next-phase|access-date=4 September 2020|website=moh.gov.sg|quote=We are still picking up many cases every day across the dormitories... because of our extensive testing regime, covering the workers who are well and asymptomatic.}}</ref> Research by the [[European Commission]] suggests that the CFR for [[SARS-CoV-2]] virus picks up in cases 50 years of age and above.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19 Cases and Case Fatality Rate by age|url=https://ec.europa.eu/knowledge4policy/publication/covid-19-cases-case-fatality-rate-age_en|last=ALVAREZ|first=Marlene|date=4 May 2020|website=Knowledge for policy – European Commission|language=en|access-date=1 June 2020}}</ref> The elderly in the general population in Singapore have been advised to stay at home as much as possible,<ref name="scmp_3081772" /> while resident-facing staff in old folks homes are being housed on site or separately in hotels.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MOH {{!}} News Highlights|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/support-measures-for-seniors-during-covid-19|website=www.moh.gov.sg|access-date=1 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607235310/https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/support-measures-for-seniors-during-covid-19|archive-date=7 June 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref>', 9 => '', 10 => 'Other factors contributing to Singapore's exceptionally low CFR include the country's use of extensive contact tracing and testing to identify cases, mandatory mask-wearing, hospitalisation of all high-risk patients, and comparatively narrow criteria for classifying COVID-19 deaths.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why is Singapore's COVID-19 death rate the world's lowest |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-singapore-explainer-idUSKBN2680TF |access-date=22 November 2020 |agency=Reuters |date=18 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref>', 11 => '', 12 => 'Prevalence studies on the population have shown that 4 in 1600 in the community, or about 0.25%, have previously been infected with COVID-19, while at least 47% of migrant workers living in dormitories have tested positive by [[Polymerase chain reaction|PCR]] or serological tests.<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 December 2020|title=Much lower Covid-19 prevalence rate in community than among migrant workers, according to study|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/much-lower-covid-19-prevalence-rate-in-community-than-among-migrant-workers-according-to|access-date=15 December 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=15 December 2020|title=47 per cent of migrant workers in S'pore dorms have had a Covid-19 infection, say Manpower and Health Ministries|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/47-per-cent-of-migrant-workers-in-dorms-have-had-a-covid-19-infection-say-manpower-and|access-date=15 December 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref>', 13 => '', 14 => '==== Wave 1: Imported cases from China (January 2020) ====', 15 => 'National authorities began reporting suspected cases on 4 January,<ref>{{cite web|title=Wuhan pneumonia: First suspected case reported in Singapore|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/wuhan-pneumonia-first-suspect-case-identified-here|last1=Chang|first1=Ai-Lien|date=4 January 2020|website=The Straits Times|access-date=15 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115062654/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/wuhan-pneumonia-first-suspect-case-identified-here|archive-date=15 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> however the first confirmed case was reported on 23 January, a tourist from Wuhan.<ref name="Abdullah 2020">{{cite web|title=Singapore confirms first case of Wuhan virus|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/wuhan-virus-pneumonia-singapore-confirms-first-case-12312860|last=Abdullah|first=Zhaki|date=23 January 2020|website=CNA|access-date=23 January 2020}}</ref> Until 30 January, there were a total of 13 confirmed cases, all of whom were visitors to Singapore from China.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore confirms 3 new cases of Wuhan virus; total of 10 infected|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/wuhan-virus-singapore-new-confirmed-cases-10-total-12364556|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421182642/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/wuhan-virus-singapore-new-confirmed-cases-10-total-12364556|archive-date=21 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Wuhan virus: 3 more confirmed cases in Singapore, bringing total to 13|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/wuhan-virus-3-more-confirmed-cases-in-singapore-total-number-is-now-13-infected-in-the|last=hermesauto|date=30 January 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314034334/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/wuhan-virus-3-more-confirmed-cases-in-singapore-total-number-is-now-13-infected-in-the|archive-date=14 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The first case involving a Singaporean was confirmed on 31 January after returning from Wuhan.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Goh |first1=Timothy |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/wuhan-virus-first-singaporean-confirmed-to-have-virus-she-was-on-scoot-flight-from |title=Wuhan virus: First Singaporean case confirmed; she was on Scoot flight from Wuhan |website=The Straits Times |access-date=13 May 2020 |date=31 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200427110658/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/wuhan-virus-first-singaporean-confirmed-to-have-virus-she-was-on-scoot-flight-from |archive-date=27 April 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Contact tracing procedures were put in place to identify close contacts of the confirmed cases who were placed under 14-day quarantines to ring-fence the potential spread of the virus.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wuhan virus: Close contacts to be quarantined as MOH begins contact tracing|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/close-contacts-to-be-quarantined-as-moh-begins-contact-tracing|last=hermes|date=24 January 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502014338/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/close-contacts-to-be-quarantined-as-moh-begins-contact-tracing|archive-date=2 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus: How contact tracers track down the people at risk of infection|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/how-contact-tracers-track-down-the-people-at-risk-of-infection|last=hermes|date=9 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502090414/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/how-contact-tracers-track-down-the-people-at-risk-of-infection|archive-date=2 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>', 16 => '', 17 => '==== Wave 2: Early local clusters (February to March 2020) ====', 18 => 'These imported cases eventually lead to clusters of local transmissions being formed. The first cluster was reported on 4 February at Yong Thai Hang, a shop that mainly serves Chinese tourists. It was identified as the locus of the infection where four women without recent history of travel to China contracted the virus.<ref name="LocalTransmission">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus: S'pore reports first cases of local transmission; 4 out of 6 new cases did not travel to China|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-spore-reports-first-cases-of-local-transmission-4-out-of-6-new-cases-did-not|last1=Chang|first1=Ai-Lien|last2=Khalik|first2=Salma|date=4 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204101450/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-spore-reports-first-cases-of-local-transmission-4-out-of-6-new-cases-did-not|archive-date=4 February 2020|access-date=4 February 2020}}</ref> The shop was affected when a tour group from [[Guangxi]], China visited it along with other locations such as the Diamond Industries Jewellery Company at Harbour Drive, where another case occurred, while touring Singapore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=FOUR MORE CONFIRMED CASES OF NOVEL CORONAVIRUS INFECTION IN SINGAPORE|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/four-more-confirmed-cases-of-novel-coronavirus-infection-in-singapore|date=5 February 2020|website=moh.gov.sg|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205152031/https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/four-more-confirmed-cases-of-novel-coronavirus-infection-in-singapore|archive-date=5 February 2020|access-date=13 May 2020}}</ref> The tour group had returned to China and the Chinese authorities had confirmed that two of the group was infected.<ref name="LocalTransmission" /> Authorities then raised the nation's Disease Outbreak Response System Condition (DORSCON) level from Yellow to Orange after more cases with unclear origins surfaced on 7 February,<ref>{{cite web|title=Coronavirus: Singapore ups outbreak alert to orange as more cases surface with no known links; more measures in force|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-outbreak-alert-upped-to-orange-as-more-cases-surface-with-no-known-links-more|last1=Chang|first1=Ai-Lien|last2=Khalik|first2=Salma|date=7 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|access-date=4 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Novel coronavirus: S'pore moves to Dorscon Orange, as 3 new cases confirmed with no apparent link to previous trimcases or recent travel to China|url=https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/wuhan-novel-coronavirus-spore-moves-dorscon-orange-3-new-cases-confirmed-no-apparent-links-previous-cases|website=Today|location=Singapore|access-date=7 February 2020}}</ref> with Prime Minister Lee expressing his worry about some cases with no known chain of transmission of the infection directly from Wuhan or indirectly via cases traced in Singapore. He suggested that it might become "futile to try to trace every contact".<ref>{{cite web|title=PM Lee Hsien Loong on the Novel Coronavirus (nCoV) Situation in Singapore on 8 February 2020|url=https://www.pmo.gov.sg/Newsroom/PM-Lee-Hsien-Loong-on-the-Novel-Coronavirus-nCoV-Situation-in-Singapore-on-8-February-2020|date=8 February 2020|website=Prime Minister's Office (Singapore)|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215030240/https://www.pmo.gov.sg/Newsroom/PM-Lee-Hsien-Loong-on-the-Novel-Coronavirus-nCoV-Situation-in-Singapore-on-8-February-2020|archive-date=15 February 2020|access-date=15 February 2020}}</ref><ref name="Vox_SG_PM_untraced_worry">{{cite news|last1=Belluz|first1=Julia|date=14 February 2020|title=Why the coronavirus outbreak might be much bigger than we know|newspaper=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|url=https://www.vox.com/2020/2/14/21134473/coronavirus-outbreak-singapore-us-symptoms-pandemic|url-status=live <!-- live|dead|unfit|usurped -->|url-access=<!-- (subscription/registration/limited) default=free -->|access-date=14 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214202837/https://www.vox.com/2020/2/14/21134473/coronavirus-outbreak-singapore-us-symptoms-pandemic|archive-date=14 February 2020}}</ref> More clusters emerged at various locations, where there were large scale gatherings such as a business conference, Chinese New Year dinner gatherings and church-related activities.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Two of Singapore's earliest clusters no longer active and are officially closed|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/two-of-singapores-earliest-clusters-no-longer-active-and-are-officially-closed|last=hermes|date=12 March 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420181135/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/two-of-singapores-earliest-clusters-no-longer-active-and-are-officially-closed|archive-date=20 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Two clusters were linked when several cases in each cluster was found to have infected each other through [[Serology|serological tests]], the first such successful test in the world.<ref name="first-cases">{{cite web|title=Grace Assembly coronavirus mystery solved: Antibody tests linked mega cluster to 2 Wuhan tourists via CNY party and Life Church cluster in a world-first|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/grace-assembly-coronavirus-mystery-solved-mega-cluster-linked-to-2-wuhan-tourists-via-a|last1=Goh|first1=Timothy|last2=Kurohi|first2=Rei|date=25 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225143547/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/grace-assembly-coronavirus-mystery-solved-mega-cluster-linked-to-2-wuhan-tourists-via-a|archive-date=25 February 2020|access-date=25 February 2020}}</ref>', 19 => '', 20 => '==== Wave 3: Returning Singaporeans and permanent residents from overseas (March 2020) ====', 21 => 'In March, as the number of cases began to rise exponentially around the world, the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Singapore)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] (MFA) and the [[Ministry of Education (Singapore)|Ministry of Education]] (MOE) began to encourage Singaporeans to return home. Various institutes of higher learning recalled their students currently on overseas internship or exchange, and the MFA began liaising with airlines to facilitate flights to key cities when necessary during this period, to cater to demand for return flights to Singapore.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Advisory for Singaporean Students Studying Overseas|url=http://www.mfa.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Statements-Transcripts-and-Photos/2020/03/170320_Advisory-for-Singaporean-Students-Studying-Overseas|website=mfa.gov.sg|language=en|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407115932/https://www.mfa.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Statements-Transcripts-and-Photos/2020/03/170320_Advisory-for-Singaporean-Students-Studying-Overseas|archive-date=7 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> This led to an increase in number of imported cases, in which over 70% of cases from 16 to 19 March were Singaporeans and long-term pass holders returning from overseas.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Over 70% of Singapore's new Covid-19 cases the past 4 days were imported – and most were Singapore residents and long-term pass holders, Business Insider – Business Insider Singapore|url=https://www.businessinsider.sg/70-of-singapores-new-covid-19-cases-the-past-3-days-were-imported-and-most-were-singapore-residents-and-long-term-pass-holders|last=Lin|first=Jessica|website=businessinsider.sg|language=en-US|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200425045611/https://www.businessinsider.sg/70-of-singapores-new-covid-19-cases-the-past-3-days-were-imported-and-most-were-singapore-residents-and-long-term-pass-holders|archive-date=25 April 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref>', 22 => '', 23 => '==== Wave 4: Spread among migrant worker population (April to May 2020) ====', 24 => 'On 7 April [[2020 Singapore circuit breaker measures|circuit breaker]] (lockdown) measures were imposed on the general population. The bulk of cases began to shift from imported cases to migrant workers living in dormitories, resulting in the authorities imposing a mandatory quarantine of 20,000 migrant workers in two dormitories gazetted as isolation areas, namely the S11 Dormitory and Westlite Toh Guan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: Nearly 20,000 foreign workers in quarantine in S11 Dormitory, Westlite Toh Guan|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-nearly-20-000-foreign-workers-in-quarantine-in-s11-12611426|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520023240/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-nearly-20-000-foreign-workers-in-quarantine-in-s11-12611426|archive-date=20 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Following which, the number of cases in migrant worker dormitories began to soar as more clusters were detected in other migrant worker dormitories, reaching a single-daily high of 1,426 cases recorded amongst migrant workers on 20 April.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore's Coronavirus Success Story Hits a Snag|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/21/singapore-coronavirus-response-snag/|last=Bhandare|first=Namita|website=Foreign Policy|language=en-US|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503070628/https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/21/singapore-coronavirus-response-snag/|archive-date=3 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On 21 April, MOM announced that all foreign workers in dormitories were to stop work until 4 May to curb the rising spread of the coronavirus among the groups that were hit the hardest.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus: All foreign workers in dormitories to stop work until 4 May|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-all-foreign-workers-in-dormitories-to-stop-work-until-may-4|last=hermesauto|date=21 April 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421200805/http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/coronavirus-all-foreign-workers-in-dormitories-to-stop-work-until-may-4|archive-date=21 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The number of daily cases amongst migrant workers living in dormitories gradually decreased but continued to remain in the hundreds until early August, with aggressive testing by the authorities.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: 20,000 migrant workers to be discharged by end-May, but cases from dormitories likely to remain high|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-migrant-workers-dormitories-discharged-circuit-breaker-12725016|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522035722/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-migrant-workers-dormitories-discharged-circuit-breaker-12725016|archive-date=22 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> April also marked a shift in policy. The government stopped automatically admitting the infected in hospitals and instead created community care facilities for those who were at low risk, which allowed hospitals to focus only on those in higher risk categories. At the peak on 12 May, there were 19,667 patients in community care facilities. This allowed hospitals to reduce bed take up related to COVID-19 from more than a thousand to several hundred in a few weeks. 18 September saw the first time since the crisis spread to work dormitories that the daily dorm case number fell into single digits.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MOH {{!}} News Highlights|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/11-new-cases-of-covid-19-infection|access-date=18 September 2020|website=www.moh.gov.sg}}</ref>', 25 => '', 26 => '====Wave 5: Community and Clusters (May 2020 to April 2021)====', 27 => 'From May onwards, the vast majority of cases were reported in dormitories, with community cases never rising above 24 cases, which was reported on 11 July.<ref>{{Cite web|title=11 July 2020 Daily Report on COVID-19|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/docs/librariesprovider5/2019-ncov/situation-report---11-jul-2020.pdf}}</ref> Nevertheless, while numbers in the dorms remained elevated in May, 20 April in fact represented the peak of daily cases reported among dormitory workers. By August, it was clear that the situation in dormitories was being brought under control, with new daily cases among dorm workers finally falling below 100 on 11 August. On 11 August, Ministry of Manpower announced that all dormitories had been declared cleared of COVID-19 (except for those blocks that were being used for quarantine facilities).<ref>{{Cite web|title=All Dormitories Declared Cleared Of COVID-19|url=https://www.mom.gov.sg/newsroom/press-releases/2020/0811-all-dormitories-declared-cleared-of-covid-19|access-date=17 August 2020|website=Ministry of Manpower Singapore|language=en}}</ref> By 1 October less than 300 people were being housed in community care facilities, down from the almost 20,000 from the May peak.<ref>{{Cite web|title=1 October 2020 Daily Report on COVID-19|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/docs/librariesprovider5/2019-ncov/20201001_daily_report_on_covid-19_cabinet112f423068d243c0bed4abc4996042ec.pdf}}</ref> However, it also became clear that controlling the disease was going to be extremely difficult. While total case numbers had continued to decline, unlinked community cases had begun to edge up and some dorms that had been cleared of infection were once again put on lockdown. A significant milestone was achieved on 13 October when it was announced that, for the first time since March, there were no local cases of infection. This was followed shortly by 16 October, when the number of active cases fell to less than 100{{snd}}the first time since 12 March,<ref>{{Cite web|title=MOH {{!}} News Highlights|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/no-new-cases-of-locally-transmitted-covid-19-infection|access-date=13 October 2020|website=www.moh.gov.sg}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=hermesauto|date=16 October 2020|title=Active Covid-19 cases fall below 100 for the first time in Singapore since 12 March|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/fewer-than-100-active-covid-19-cases-in-singapore-for-the-first-time-since-march-12|access-date=17 October 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> and by 25 November, when it was announced that there were no active clusters for the first time since the pandemic began.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Last COVID-19 cluster closes; no active cluster in Singapore for the first time since pandemic began|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/last-covid-19-cluster-closes-singapore-no-active-clusters-13630980|access-date=25 November 2020|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref>', 28 => '', 29 => 'On 24 December, Singapore has confirmed its first case of the new coronavirus variant found in the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 December 2020|title=Singapore confirms first case of new coronavirus variant found in UK|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/singapore-confirms-first-case-new-coronavirus-variant-found-uk-2020-12-24/|access-date=8 May 2021|agency=Reuters}}</ref> The variant, known as B.1.525, has the E484K spike protein mutation, which is also present in the so-called [[South African variant]] and is the key mutation found so far that could undermine the effectiveness of vaccines.', 30 => '', 31 => 'On 31 December 2020, 2 new clusters were formed out of the 5 community cases reported that day, all of whom were linked to the marine sector.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore reports 5 COVID-19 community cases, forming 2 new clusters|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-dec-31-new-cases-imported-local-dormitory-moh-13870108|access-date=6 January 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> Two additional clusters were formed on 17 and 19 January 2021; the first was from 2 community cases linked to a para-vet working with the Singapore Police Force's K-9 unit,<ref>{{Cite web|title=30 new COVID-19 cases in Singapore, including 2 in community, forming new cluster linked to para-vet|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-cases-jan-17-moh-imported-community-dormitory-13979174|access-date=17 January 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> with the second from 2 community cases linked to a worker at Golden Bridge Foods Manufacturing.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Another COVID-19 cluster formed; 4 community cases among 30 new infections in Singapore|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-cases-jan-19-moh-4-community-imported-new-cluster-13991042|access-date=20 January 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> Another cluster consisting of four community cases linked to an employee at BS Industrial & Construction Supply was formed on 20 January.<ref>{{Cite web|title=New COVID-19 cluster formed after 3 cases linked to sales employee at BS Industrial & Construction Supply|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/new-covid-19-cluster-formed-bs-industrial-construction-supply-14002724|access-date=21 January 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> 2 new clusters were identified on 21 and 24 April; the first was a household cluster of 3 community cases linked to a 43-year-old Indian national and work pass holder who was possibly re-infected,<ref>{{Cite web|title=New COVID-19 cluster in Singapore linked to imported case who was 'probably reinfected' in India|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-cluster-reinfected-case-india-recovered-travellers-14659896|access-date=21 April 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> while the second was a group of 4 community cases who were linked to a 39-year-old Indonesian sailor.<ref>{{Cite web|title=5 community cases among 23 new COVID-19 infections in Singapore|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-cases-singapore-community-dormitory-imported-apr-24-moh-14685250|access-date=24 April 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> On 29 April, a new household cluster was formed out of 7 community cases that were linked to a 38-year-old Singaporean ICA officer working at [[Changi Airport]], with another cluster formed out of 8 community cases linked to a 46-year-old Filipino nurse working at [[Tan Tock Seng Hospital]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=16 new community COVID-19 cases in Singapore, highest in more than 9 months|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-cases-imported-community-tan-tock-seng-moh-apr-29-14712050|access-date=29 April 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref>', 32 => '', 33 => 'After banning short term arrivals in March, imported cases fell dramatically. However, since the beginning of July, there was a steady trickle of imported cases as the government loosened arrival requirements, with the majority of cases arriving from India, Indonesia, and the Philippines. January 2021 saw a sharp spike in imported cases, of which foreign domestic workers formed the bulk due to the high demand for maids amidst the pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Demand for new maids high despite extra costs amid COVID-19 restrictions, risk of imported cases|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/demand-for-new-maids-covid-19-costs-travel-restrictions-13904512|access-date=20 January 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref>', 34 => '', 35 => '==== Wave 6: Control of Variants (April 2021 to present) ====', 36 => 'On 23 April 2021, Singapore banned all long-term pass holders and short-term visitors from India, which was experiencing a second wave believed to be fuelled by [[Lineage B.1.617|a strain with a double mutation]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Asia|first=T. T. G.|title=Singapore further tightens border measures for travellers from India {{!}} TTG Asia|url=https://www.ttgasia.com/2021/04/23/singapore-further-tightens-border-measures-for-travellers-from-india/|access-date=26 April 2021|website=www.ttgasia.com|language=en-US}}</ref> This was followed by a ban on all long-term pass holders and short-term visitors from Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka on 30 April, which was later extended to all long-term pass holders and short-term visitors worldwide on 4 May. In addition, it was announced that Singapore would temporarily revert to Phase 2 from 8 to 30 May.<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 April 2021|title=Updates on Local Situation, Border Measures for Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, Thailand and Precautionary Measures to Minimise Transmission from Tan Tock Seng Hospital Cluster|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/updates-on-local-situation-border-measures-for-bangladesh-nepal-pakistan-and-sri-lanka-thailand-and-precautionary-measures-to-minimise-transmission-from-tan-tock-seng-hospital-cluster|access-date=30 April 2021|website=moh.gov.sg}}</ref> However, by then it was too late to stop the strain from entering Singapore, with the government announcing on 4 May that the variant had been detected among locally-transmitted cases in the community.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ng|first=Abigail|date=4 May 2021|title=Singapore says it has detected the 'double mutant' Covid variant from India in its community, tightens restrictions|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/05/04/double-mutant-covid-variant-from-india-detected-in-singapore.html|access-date=8 May 2021|publisher=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> A new cluster was formed out of 4 community cases linked to an 88-year-old cleaner working at Changi Airport's Terminal 3, who tested positive on 5 May; by 14 May it had become Singapore's largest active cluster at 59 cases, with at least 17 testing preliminarily positive for the "double mutant" variant.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 May 2021|title=Changi Airport and other Covid-19 clusters in S'pore: What we know so far|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/2021/05/singapore-covid19-clusters/index.html|access-date=14 May 2021|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> Subsequently, MOH announced that there would be more restrictions lasting from 16 May to 13 June, following reports of increasing cases in the Changi Airport cluster and several institutes of education. Dining-in would no longer be allowed, and the maximum number of persons in a social gathering would be further reduced to two, among other restrictions.<ref>{{Cite web|last=hermesauto|date=14 May 2021|title=No dining in, social gatherings capped at 2 people from May 16 as S'pore tightens Covid-19 rules|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/no-dining-in-social-gatherings-capped-at-2-people-from-may-16-as-spore-tightens|access-date=14 May 2021|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref>', 37 => '', 38 => 'After a decline in community cases, it was announced that Singapore would re-enter "Phase 3 Heightened Alert", with re-opening to commence in two stages. The first stage would begin on 14 June with the limit on social gatherings increased to 5 people, while the next stage would begin on 21 June with the resumption of dining-in with 5 people.<ref>{{cite web|title=Up to 5 in a group allowed from Jun 14; dining-in to resume on Jun 21 in phased easing of COVID-19 curbs|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/cap-of-5-people-social-gatherings-dining-in-phase-3-covid-19-14985970|website=CNA (Channel NewsAsia)|author=Jalelah Abu Baker|date=10 June 2021|access-date=10 June 2021}}</ref> However, a new cluster was formed at the 115 Bukit Merah View Market and Food Center that was linked to a 74-year old store owner who tested positive on 9 June, which resulted in a fresh surge of community cases. Consequently, the second stage of re-opening was adjusted so that only 2 persons would be allowed for dining-in.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dining-in to resume from Jun 21 but in groups of two, not five|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-dining-in-resume-groups-of-2-people-jun-21-moh-15040520|access-date=2021-06-18|website=CNA}}</ref> With the stabilisation of community infections in early July 2021, it was announced that dining-in with groups of up to 5&mdash;along with wedding receptions&mdash;would resume on 12 July; in addition, MOH raised the possibility of more restrictions being eased upon at least half of the population completing their vaccination regimen.<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 July 2021|title=Updates on Phase 3 (Heightened Alert) Measures|url=https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/updates-on-phase-3-(heightened-alert)-measures-7Jul|access-date=7 July 2021|website=www.moh.gov.sg}}</ref>', 39 => '', 40 => 'In addition, all Singapore primary schools, secondary schools and junior colleges were to move to full home-based learning starting on 19 May.<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: Primary, secondary schools and JCs to move to full home-based learning from May 19|url= https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-home-based-learning-primary-secondary-school-jc-14821222 |access-date=16 May 2021|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> MOE later announced on 14 June that Primary 4-6, Secondary 3-5, and junior college and Millennia Institute students would be able to return to school on 28 June, and Secondary 1-2 students on 1 July; all students from other levels would return on 6 July.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lower primary, lower secondary students to continue with home-based learning after June holidays|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-term-3-hbl-p1-to-p3-secondary-school-jc-students-15011504|access-date=2021-06-14|website=CNA}}</ref>', 41 => '', 42 => '==== Cautious reopening ====', 43 => 'The authorities took cautious measures as the economy began to reopen to more regular outside travellers in August. Travellers who did not quarantine in a dedicated facility would have to wear an electronic tag throughout the 14-day period.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Travellers entering Singapore serving stay-home notice outside of facilities to wear electronic device|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/electronic-device-travellers-enter-singapore-stay-home-notice-12985052|access-date=3 August 2020|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> Singapore also implemented a Reciprocal Green Lane (RGL) and Periodic Commuting Arrangement (PCA) with Malaysia, allowing limited travel between the two countries. Later in the month, arrivals from certain countries had their 14-day quarantine reduced to 7 days; those arriving from Brunei and New Zealand who were tested negative upon arrival would be allowed in without any quarantine.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Singapore to waive off stay-home notices|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-brunei-new-zealand-singapore-travel-stay-home-notice-13042146|access-date=22 August 2020}}</ref> On 30 September 2020, the Singapore government announced that the country will lift border restrictions for some visitors from [[Australia]], excluding [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria state]], and [[Vietnam]], beginning from 8 October 2020;<ref>{{Cite web|title=COVID-19: Singapore to lift border restrictions for some visitors from Australia, Vietnam|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-border-restrictions-australia-vietnam-travel-covid-19-13164246|access-date=30 September 2020|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref> restrictions for Victoria state and mainland China were lifted on 6 November.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Toh|first=Ting Wei|date=29 October 2020|title=Singapore to allow travellers from China, Australia's Victoria from 6 Nov; no quarantine if Covid-19 test negative|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/singapore-to-allow-travellers-from-china-australias-victoria-from-nov-6-no|access-date=29 October 2020|website=The Straits Times|language=en}}</ref> In October, Minister of Transport [[Ong Ye Kung]] suggested that Singapore would be looking to open travel bubbles with various countries such as those with similar risk profiles, but also for those countries from higher risk locations.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lee|first=Yen Nee|date=12 October 2020|title=Here's how Singapore plans to resume international travel safely|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/10/12/singapore-plans-to-resume-international-travel-amid-coronavirus-pandemic.html|access-date=12 October 2020|publisher=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> One such travel bubble between Singapore and Hong Kong was to have started on 22 November, but had to be postponed to 2021 due to the resurgence of [[COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong|COVID-19 cases in Hong Kong]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore, Hong Kong to defer air travel bubble launch|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-singapore-hong-kong-defer-travel-bubble-december-13675222|access-date=1 December 2020|website=CNA|language=en}}</ref>' ]
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node)
false
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp)
1625665718