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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext ) | '{{Short description|Uncrewed Moon-orbiting mission by NASA; first test flight of the Space Launch System}}
{{Redirect|EM-1|other uses|EM1 (disambiguation)}}
{{Current spaceflight|article|2022|date=November 2022}}
{{Use American English|date=November 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = Artemis 1
| names_list = {{Plainlist|
* Artemis I (official)
* Exploration Mission-1 (EM-1) (former)
}}
| image = NASA_Artemis_1_Launch.jpg
| image_caption = The [[Space Launch System|SLS]] rocket launches Artemis 1 from Kennedy Space Center's [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39B|LC-39B]]
| image_size = 300px
| mission_type = Uncrewed lunar orbital test flight
| operator = [[NASA]]
| COSPAR_ID = [https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2022-156A 2022-156A]
| SATCAT = 54257
| website = {{URL|www.nasa.gov/artemis-1}}
| mission_duration = {{ubl|25 days, 11 hours, 36 minutes (planned)<ref name="NasaLaunchPressKit">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/specials/artemis-i-press-kit/img/Artemis%20I_Press%20Kit.pdf|title=Artemis 1 Press Kit|access-date=16 November 2022|archive-date=15 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115205721/https://www.nasa.gov/specials/artemis-i-press-kit/img/Artemis%20I_Press%20Kit.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="nasa-20221108">{{cite web |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/11/08/nasa-prepares-rocket-spacecraft-ahead-of-tropical-storm-nicole-re-targets-launch/ |title=NASA Prepares Rocket, Spacecraft Ahead of Tropical Storm Nicole, Re-targets Launch |work=[[NASA]] |date=8 November 2022 |access-date=8 November 2022}}</ref>|{{time interval|16 November 2022, 06:47:44||show=dhm}} (in progress)}}
| distance_travelled = {{convert|1.3|e6mi|e6km|abbr=off|sp=us}}
| spacecraft = [[Orion (spacecraft)|Orion CM-002]]
| spacecraft_type = [[Orion (spacecraft)|Orion MPCV]]
| spacecraft_bus =
| manufacturer = {{Plainlist|
* [[Boeing]]
* [[Airbus Defence and Space]]
* [[Lockheed Martin]]
* [[Northrop Grumman]]
* [[Aerojet Rocketdyne]]
* [[Redwire Space]]
}}
| payload_mass =
| launch_date = 16 November 2022, 06:47:44 UTC<ref name="reuters 1"/>
| launch_rocket = [[Space Launch System|Space Launch System Block 1]]
| launch_site = [[Kennedy Space Center]], [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39B|LC-39B]]
| launch_contractor =
| recovery_by = {{USS|Portland|LPD-27|6}} (planned)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Artemis 1 flight to moon depends on precision rocket firings to pull off a complex trajectory |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nasa-space-launch-system-rocket-firing-artemis-moon/ |access-date=31 August 2022 |publisher=CBS News |language=en-US |archive-date=29 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829061628/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nasa-space-launch-system-rocket-firing-artemis-moon/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| landing_date = 11 December 2022 18:06 UTC (10:06 am PST)<ref name="nasa-20221108" />
| landing_site = Pacific Ocean off [[San Diego]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Jason |title=Artemis I launch guide: What to expect |url=https://www.planetary.org/articles/artemis-i-launch-guide |website=The Planetary Society |access-date=24 August 2022 |archive-date=15 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815211743/https://www.planetary.org/articles/artemis-i-launch-guide |url-status=live }}</ref>
| orbit_reference = [[Lunar orbit|Selenocentric]]
| orbit_regime = [[Distant retrograde orbit]]
| orbit_periapsis =
| orbit_apoapsis =
| orbit_inclination =
| orbit_period = 14 days
| apsis = gee
| interplanetary = {{Infobox spaceflight/IP
| type = orbiter
| object = Orion spacecraft
| arrival_date =
| departure_date =
| apsis =
}}
| insignia = Exploration Mission-1 patch.png
| insignia_caption = Artemis 1 mission patch
| insignia_size = 200px
| programme = [[Artemis program]]
| previous_mission = [[Ascent Abort-2]]
| next_mission = [[Artemis 2]]
}}
'''Artemis 1''', officially '''Artemis I''',<ref>{{cite report |title=Artemis: brand book |publisher=NASA |location=Washington, D.C. |id=NP-2019-07-2735-HQ |quote=MISSION NAMING CONVENTION: While Apollo mission patches used numbers and roman numerals throughout the program, Artemis mission names will use a roman numeral convention. |year=2019}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> is an ongoing uncrewed [[Lunar orbit|Moon-orbiting]] mission and the first major spaceflight of [[NASA]]'s [[Artemis program]]. It is the first integrated flight test of the [[Orion (spacecraft)|Orion spacecraft]] and [[Space Launch System|Space Launch System rocket]].{{refn|group=note|An Orion capsule was [[Exploration Flight Test-1|flown]] in 2014, but not the entire Orion spacecraft.}} Artemis 1 was successfully launched from [[Kennedy Space Center]] on 16 November 2022 at 01:47:44 EST (06:47:44 UTC).<ref name="auto">{{Citation |title=Artemis I Launch to the Moon (Official NASA Broadcast) – Nov. 16, 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CMLD0Lp0JBg |language=en |access-date=16 November 2022}}</ref><ref name="nasa-20221108" /><ref name="NASA-Kraft">{{Cite web |last=Kraft |first=Rachel |date=16 May 2022 |title=Artemis I Mission Availability |url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/artemis-i-mission-availability |access-date=6 September 2022 |publisher=NASA}}</ref><ref name="NASA-20221114 countdown begins"/> Its main objective is to test the Orion spacecraft, especially its [[heat shield|heat shield,]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=NASA: Artemis I |url=https://www.nasa.gov/specials/artemis-i/index.html |access-date=2022-11-17 |website=NASA}}</ref> in preparation for subsequent Artemis missions. These missions will seek to reestablish a human presence on the Moon and demonstrate technologies and business approaches needed for future scientific studies, including [[exploration of Mars]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dunbar |first=Brian |date=2019-07-23 |title=What is Artemis? |url=http://www.nasa.gov/what-is-artemis |access-date=2022-11-17 |website=NASA}}</ref>
<!--Best not to include prior planned dates, the context of delays is better saved for the History section, also please keep infobox and main content consistent with each other, especially regarding dates with references-->
Formerly known as '''Exploration Mission-1''' ('''EM-1'''),<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Hambleton |first=Kathryn |date=20 February 2018 |title=Artemis I Overview |url=http://www.nasa.gov/content/artemis-i-overview |access-date=24 August 2022 |publisher=NASA |archive-date=17 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817053946/https://www.nasa.gov/content/artemis-i-overview/ |url-status=live }}</ref> the mission was given its current name following the creation of the Artemis program. The mission lifted off from [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39B|Launch Complex 39B]] at the [[Kennedy Space Center]] aboard the Space Launch System rocket. The [[Orion (spacecraft)|Orion spacecraft]] has been launched on a mission of 25 days<ref>{{Cite web |title=Artemis 1 Presskit |url=https://www.nasa.gov/specials/artemis-i-press-kit/img/Artemis%20I_Press%20Kit.pdf}}</ref>. After reaching Earth orbit and performing a [[trans-lunar injection]] (burn to the Moon), the mission deployed ten [[CubeSat]] satellites. The Orion spacecraft has completed one flyby of the Moon, on 21 November, and will enter a [[distant retrograde orbit]] for six days with a planned second flyby on 25 November.<ref name="SlossWindows">{{Cite web |last=Sloss |first=Philip |date=1 November 2021 |title=Inside Artemis 1's complex launch windows and constraints |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/11/artemis-1-launch-periods/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225131417/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/11/artemis-1-launch-periods/ |archive-date=25 March 2022 |access-date=25 March 2022 |website=NASASpaceflight.com}}</ref> The Orion spacecraft will then return and [[Atmospheric entry|reenter the Earth's atmosphere]] with the protection of its heat shield and splash down in the Pacific Ocean. The mission aims to certify Orion and the Space Launch System for crewed flights beginning with [[Artemis 2]].<ref name="SFN20200518">{{cite web|last=Clark|first=Stephen|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/05/18/nasa-will-likely-add-a-rendezvous-test-to-the-first-piloted-orion-space-mission/|title=NASA will likely add a rendezvous test to the first piloted Orion space mission|publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=18 May 2020|access-date=19 May 2020|archive-date=8 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708065618/https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/05/18/nasa-will-likely-add-a-rendezvous-test-to-the-first-piloted-orion-space-mission/|url-status=live}}</ref> After the Artemis 1 mission, Artemis 2 is scheduled to perform a crewed lunar flyby and [[Artemis 3]] a crewed lunar landing, five decades after the [[Apollo 17|last lunar Apollo mission]].
The Orion spacecraft for Artemis 1 was [[stacking (rocketry)|stacked]] on 20 October 2021,<ref name="Oct20">{{cite web |date=23 October 2021 |title=NASA Fully Stacked for Moon Mission, Readies for Artemis I |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-fully-stacked-for-moon-mission-readies-for-artemis-i |access-date=17 November 2022 |publisher=NASA |url-status=live }} {{PD-notice}}</ref> marking the first time a [[Super heavy-lift launch vehicle|super-heavy-lift vehicle]] has been stacked inside NASA's [[Vehicle Assembly Building]] (VAB) since the final [[Saturn V]] in 1973. On 17 August 2022, the fully stacked vehicle was rolled out for launch after a series of delays caused by difficulties in pre-flight testing. The first two launch attempts were canceled due to a faulty engine temperature reading on 29 August 2022 and a hydrogen leak during fueling on 3 September 2022, respectively.<ref name="SN-20220903">{{cite web | last=Foust | first=Jeff | title=Second Artemis 1 launch attempt scrubbed | website=SpaceNews | date=3 September 2022 | url=https://spacenews.com/second-artemis-1-launch-attempt-scrubbed/ | access-date=4 September 2022}}</ref>
== Mission profile ==
{{See also|Orion (spacecraft)|Space Launch System}}[[File:Artemis I map October 2021.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Summary of the Artemis I mission|left]]
Artemis 1 was launched on the Block 1 variant of the [[Space Launch System]].<ref name=":2" /> The Block 1 vehicle consists of a core stage, two five-segment [[solid rocket booster]]s (SRBs) and an upper stage. The core stage uses four [[RS-25]]D engines, all of which have previously flown on [[Space Shuttle]] missions. The core and boosters together produce {{cvt|39000|kN}}, or about 4,000 metric tons of thrust at liftoff. The upper stage, known as the [[Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage]] (ICPS), is based on the [[Delta Cryogenic Second Stage]] and is powered by a single [[RL10|RL10B-2]] engine on the Artemis 1 mission.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harbaugh |first=Jennifer |date=13 December 2021 |title=Space Launch System |url=http://www.nasa.gov/exploration/systems/sls/fs/sls.html |access-date=9 November 2022 |publisher=NASA}}</ref>
Once in orbit, the ICPS fired its engine to perform a [[trans-lunar injection]] (TLI) burn, which placed the Orion spacecraft and ten [[CubeSat]]s on a trajectory to the Moon. Orion then separated from the ICPS and continued its coast into lunar space. Following Orion separation, the ICPS Stage Adapter deployed ten CubeSats that will conduct scientific research and perform technology demonstrations.<ref name="nasa-20211004">{{cite web|url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2021/10/04/all-artemis-i-secondary-payloads-installed-in-rockets-orion-stage-adapter/|title=All Artemis I Secondary Payloads Installed in Rocket's Orion Stage Adapter|last=Harbaugh|first=Jennifer|publisher=NASA|date=4 October 2021|access-date=6 October 2021|archive-date=15 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715195933/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2021/10/04/all-artemis-i-secondary-payloads-installed-in-rockets-orion-stage-adapter/|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
The Orion spacecraft will spend approximately three weeks in space, including six days in a [[distant retrograde orbit]] (DRO) around the Moon.<ref name="Nov15">{{cite web |date=27 November 2015 |title=The Ins and Outs of NASA's First Launch of SLS and Orion |url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/the-ins-and-outs-of-nasa-s-first-launch-of-sls-and-orion |access-date=3 May 2016 |publisher=NASA |archive-date=22 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222201819/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/the-ins-and-outs-of-nasa-s-first-launch-of-sls-and-orion |url-status=live }} {{PD-notice}}</ref> It will come within approximatly {{cvt|80|nmi|km|order=flip}} of the Lunar surface (closest approach)<ref name="NASA_20221120"/> and its maximum distance from Earth will be {{Cvt|298,565|mi|km|order=flip}}.<ref name="NasaLaunchPressKit" />
[[File:Block 1 70t Crew Expanded View.jpg|thumb|Block 1 variant of SLS rocket]]
{| class="wikitable alternation"
|+ Mission timeline<ref name="NasaLaunchPressKit" />
! scope="col" | Time (UTC)
! scope="col" | Event
|-
|Nov 16 6:47:44
|Liftoff
|-
|6:49:56
|Solid rocket booster separation
|-
|6:50:55
|Service module fairing jettisoned
|-
|6:51:00
|Launch abort system jettisoned
|-
|6:55:47
|Core stage main engine cutoff
|-
|6:55:59
|Core stage and ICPS separation
|-
|7:05:53 – 7:17:53
|Orion solar array deployment
|-
|7:40:40 – 7:41:02
|Perigee raise maneuver
|-
|8:17:11 – 8:35:11
|Trans-Lunar injection burn
|-
|8:45:20
|Orion/ICPS separation
|-
|8:46:42
|Upper-stage separation burn
|-
|10:09:20
|ICPS disposal burn
|-
|14:35:15
|First trajectory correction burn
|-
|Nov 17–20
|Outbound coasting phase
|-
|Nov 21 12:44
|Lunar outbound powered flyby<ref name="NASA_20221120">{{cite web |title=Artemis I – Flight Day Five: Orion Enters Lunar Sphere of Influence Ahead of Lunar Flyby |date=November 20, 2022 |publisher=NASA |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/ |quote=The outbound powered flyby will begin at 7:44 a.m., with Orion’s closest approach to the Moon targeted for 7:57 a.m.,...}}</ref>
|-
|Nov 21–24
|Transit to distant retrograde orbit (DRO)
|-
|Nov 25–30
|In DRO
|-
|Dec 1 21:53
|DRO departure burn
|-
|Dec 1–4
|Exiting DRO
|-
|Dec 5 16:43
|Return powered flyby
|-
|Dec 5–11
|Return transit
|-
|Dec 11 18:06
|Entry and splashdown
|}
=== Mission profile animation ===
{|
|-
| {{multiple image
| align = left
| direction = horizontal
| width = 450
| header = Animation of Artemis I
| image1 = Animation of Artemis I around Earth.gif
| caption1 = [[Earth-centered inertial]] reference frame.
| image2 = Animation of Artemis I around Earth - Frame rotating with Moon.gif
| caption2 = Earth-centered [[Rotating reference frame|frame rotating]] with Moon
| footer = {{legend2|RoyalBlue|Earth}}{{·}}{{legend2|Magenta|Artemis I}}{{·}}{{legend2|Lime|Moon}}|
}}
|}
== Background ==
[[File:Artist Concept - Space Launch System in Flight.jpg|thumb|Early illustration of the SLS launch, December 2011]]
Artemis 1 was outlined by NASA as Exploration Mission 1 (EM-1) in 2012, at which point it was set to launch in 2017<ref name="nsf-20120229">{{cite web |last1=Bergin |first1=Chris |title=Exploration Mission 1: SLS and Orion mission to the Moon outlined |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2012/02/exploration-mission-1-sls-orion-debut-mission-moon-outlined/ |website=NASASpaceFlight.com |publisher=NASASpaceFlight |access-date=3 September 2022 |date=29 February 2012 |archive-date=24 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824104014/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2012/02/exploration-mission-1-sls-orion-debut-mission-moon-outlined/ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{refn|group=note|The Space Launch System was originally mandated by Congress in the [[NASA Authorization Act of 2010]] to be ready for flight before the end of 2016.<ref name="Senate version of PL-111267">{{cite web | last=Rockefeller | first=Jay | title=S.3729 – 111th Congress (2009–2010): National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 | website=Congress.gov | publisher=Library of Congress | date=5 August 2010 | url=http://www.congress.gov/ | access-date=3 September 2022 | archive-date=29 May 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529051531/https://www.congress.gov/ | url-status=live }}</ref>}} as the first planned flight of the [[Space Launch System]] and the second uncrewed test flight of the [[Orion (spacecraft)|Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle]]. The initial plans for EM-1 called for a [[circumlunar trajectory]] during a seven-day mission.<ref name=HEOC201203>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/630149main_5-Hill_SLS%20MPCV%20GSDO_508.pdf|title=Exploration Systems Development Status|last=Hill|first=Bill|date=March 2012|publisher=NASA Advisory Council|access-date=21 July 2012|archive-date=11 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211204753/https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/630149main_5-Hill_SLS|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="fiso20120425">{{cite web |last=Singer |first=Jody |date=25 April 2012 |title=Status of NASA's Space Launch System |url=http://spirit.as.utexas.edu/~fiso/telecon/Singer_4-25-12/Singer_4-25-12.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131218151106/http://spirit.as.utexas.edu/~fiso/telecon/Singer_4-25-12/Singer_4-25-12.pdf |archive-date=18 December 2013 |access-date=5 August 2012 |publisher=University of Texas}}</ref>
In January 2013 it was announced that the Orion spacecraft's [[service module]] was to be built by the [[European Space Agency]] and named the [[European Service Module]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 January 2013 |title=NASA Signs Agreement for a European-Provided Orion Service Module |url=http://www.nasa.gov/exploration/systems/mpcv/orion_feature_011613.html |access-date=24 August 2022 |publisher=NASA |language=en |archive-date=28 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328093836/http://www.nasa.gov/exploration/systems/mpcv/orion_feature_011613.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In mid-November 2014 construction of the SLS core stage began at NASA's [[Michoud Assembly Facility]] (MAF).<ref>{{cite web |title=SLS Engine Section Barrel Hot off the Vertical Weld Center at Michoud |url=http://www.nasa.gov/sls/14-171.html#.VGfrNb4_ypc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141119072126/http://www.nasa.gov/sls/14-171.html#.VGfrNb4_ypc |archive-date=19 November 2014 |access-date=16 November 2014 |publisher=NASA}}</ref> In January 2015 NASA and [[Lockheed Martin]] announced that the primary structure in the Orion spacecraft used on Artemis 1 would be up to 25% lighter compared to the previous one (EFT-1). This would be achieved by reducing the number of cone panels from six (EFT-1) to three (EM-1), reducing the total number of welds from 19 to 7<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.waaytv.com/space_alabama/orion-program-manager-talks-eft--in-huntsville/article_17894640-9b43-11e4-b731-1feb498f3882.html|title=Orion program manager talks EFT-1 in Huntsville|last=Barrett|first=Josh|date=13 January 2015|access-date=14 January 2015|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150118121313/http://www.waaytv.com/space_alabama/orion-program-manager-talks-eft--in-huntsville/article_17894640-9b43-11e4-b731-1feb498f3882.html|archive-date=18 January 2015|publisher=WAAY}}</ref> and saving the additional mass of the weld material. Other savings would be due to revising its various components and wiring. For Artemis 1, the Orion spacecraft will be outfitted with a complete [[life support system]] and crew seats but will be left uncrewed.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.waff.com/story/27841631/engineers-resolve-orion-will-lose-weight-in-2015|title=Engineers resolve Orion will 'lose weight' in 2015|date=13 January 2015|access-date=15 January 2015|publisher=WAFF|archive-date=8 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808125121/http://www.waff.com/story/27841631/engineers-resolve-orion-will-lose-weight-in-2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
Originally, the SLS version used on the first, second, and third missions was intended to use the SLS's [[Exploration Upper Stage]]; however, due to delays in developing the stage, NASA decided to switch from [[Space Launch System#Block variants|Block 1B]] to the less powerful [[Space Launch System#Block variants|Block 1]] SLS for these three missions. The Exploration Upper Stage will be used instead from SLS's fourth mission onwards. In February 2017, NASA began investigating the feasibility of a crewed launch as the first SLS flight.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |date=15 February 2017 |title=NASA to Study Adding Crew to First Flight of SLS and Orion |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-to-study-adding-crew-to-first-flight-of-sls-and-orion |access-date=15 February 2017 |publisher=NASA |archive-date=22 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422125018/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-to-study-adding-crew-to-first-flight-of-sls-and-orion/ |url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> It would have had a crew of two astronauts and the flight time would have been shorter than the uncrewed version.<ref name="warner">{{cite web |date=24 February 2017 |title=NASA Kicks Off Study to Add Crew to First Flight of Orion, SLS |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-kicks-off-study-to-add-crew-to-first-flight-of-orion-sls-as-progress-continues-to-send |access-date=27 February 2017 |publisher=NASA |archive-date=28 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228081214/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-kicks-off-study-to-add-crew-to-first-flight-of-orion-sls-as-progress-continues-to-send/ |url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> However, after a months-long feasibility study, NASA rejected the proposal, claiming cost as the primary issue, and continued with the plan to fly the first SLS mission uncrewed.<ref name="uncrewed20170512">{{cite web |last=Gebhardt |first=Chris |date=12 May 2017 |title=NASA will not put a crew on EM-1, cites cost – not safety – as main reason |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2017/05/nasa-em-1-uncrewed-costs-main-reason/ |access-date=19 May 2020 |publisher=NASASpaceFlight.com |archive-date=3 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703151036/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2017/05/nasa-em-1-uncrewed-costs-main-reason/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
In March 2019, then-NASA administrator [[Jim Bridenstine]] proposed moving the Orion spacecraft from SLS to commercial rockets, either the [[Falcon Heavy]] or Delta IV Heavy, to comply with the schedule.<ref>{{cite web |last=King |first=Ledyard |date=14 May 2019 |title=NASA names new moon landing mission 'Artemis' as Trump administration asks for US$1.6 billion |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/05/14/nasas-artemis-program-eyes-initial-1-6-billion-2024-moon-landing/1195849001/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803205803/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/05/14/nasas-artemis-program-eyes-initial-1-6-billion-2024-moon-landing/1195849001/ |archive-date=3 August 2019 |access-date=29 August 2020 |newspaper=USA Today}}</ref><ref name="Commercial LVs2">{{cite web |last=Grush |first=Loren |date=18 July 2019 |title=NASA's daunting to-do list for sending people back to the Moon |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/7/18/18629403/nasa-artemis-moon-program-funds-hardware-apollo-11-anniversary |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207085513/https://www.theverge.com/2019/7/18/18629403/nasa-artemis-moon-program-funds-hardware-apollo-11-anniversary |archive-date=7 December 2019 |access-date=29 August 2020 |newspaper=The Verge}}</ref> The mission would require two launches: one to place the [[Orion spacecraft]] into orbit around the Earth, and a second carrying an upper stage. The two would then dock while in Earth orbit, and the upper stage would ignite to send Orion to the Moon.<ref>{{cite web |last=Foust |first=Jeff |date=13 March 2019 |title=NASA considering flying Orion on commercial launch vehicles |url=https://spacenews.com/nasa-considering-flying-orion-on-commercial-launch-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827025343/https://spacenews.com/nasa-considering-flying-orion-on-commercial-launch-vehicles/ |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=13 March 2019 |publisher=SpaceNews}}</ref> The idea was eventually scrapped.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sloss |first1=Philip |date=19 April 2019 |title=NASA Launch Services Program outlines the alternative launcher review for EM-1 |publisher=NASASpaceFlight.com |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/04/nasa-lsp-studies-alternate-orion-options/ |url-status=live |access-date=9 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503164345/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/04/nasa-lsp-studies-alternate-orion-options/ |archive-date=3 May 2019}}</ref> One challenge with this option would be carrying out that docking, as Orion will not carry a docking mechanism until [[Artemis 3]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://spacenews.com/nasa-considering-flying-orion-on-commercial-launch-vehicles/|title=NASA considering flying Orion on commercial launch vehicles|last=Foust|first=Jeff|publisher=SpaceNews|date=13 March 2019|access-date=13 March 2019|archive-date=27 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827025343/https://spacenews.com/nasa-considering-flying-orion-on-commercial-launch-vehicles/|url-status=live}}</ref> The concept was shelved in mid-2019, due to another study's conclusion that it would further delay the mission.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/04/nasa-lsp-studies-alternate-orion-options/|title=NASA Launch Services Program outlines the alternative launcher review for EM-1|last1=Sloss|first1=Philip|publisher=NASASpaceFlight.com|date=19 April 2019|access-date=9 June 2019|archive-date=3 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503164345/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/04/nasa-lsp-studies-alternate-orion-options/|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Ground testing ===
[[File:Green Run test of the SLS at Stennis Space Center on Saturday, January 16, 2021 36.jpg|thumb|First static fire attempt of the core stage performed on 16 January 2021]]
The core stage for Artemis 1, built at [[Michoud Assembly Facility]] by Boeing, had all four engines attached in November 2019<ref name="SlSUpdate2016">{{cite web |date=8 November 2019 |title=All Four Engines Are Attached to the SLS Core Stage for Artemis I Mission |url=https://www.nasa.gov/exploration/systems/sls/multimedia/four-engines-attached-to-sls-core-stage-for-artemis-I-mission.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112214328/https://www.nasa.gov/exploration/systems/sls/multimedia/four-engines-attached-to-sls-core-stage-for-artemis-I-mission.html |archive-date=12 November 2019 |access-date=12 November 2019 |publisher=NASA}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> and was declared finished one month later.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Foust |first=Jeff |date=10 December 2019 |title=SLS core stage declared ready for launch in 2021 |url=https://spacenews.com/sls-core-stage-declared-ready-for-launch-in-2021/ |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=SpaceNews |language=en-US |archive-date=27 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827025343/https://spacenews.com/sls-core-stage-declared-ready-for-launch-in-2021/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The core stage left the facility to undergo the Green Run test series at [[Stennis Space Center]], consisting of eight tests of increasing complexity:<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Harbaugh |first=Jennifer |date=20 May 2020 |title=NASA's SLS Core Stage Green Run Tests Critical Systems For Artemis I |url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasas-sls-green-run-tests-core-stage-for-artemis-i |access-date=27 August 2022 |publisher=NASA |archive-date=26 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426222555/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasas-sls-green-run-tests-core-stage-for-artemis-i/ |url-status=live}} {{Source-attribution}}</ref>
# [[Modal testing]] (vibration tests)
# [[Avionics]] (electronic systems)
# [[Fail-safe]] systems
# [[Propulsion]] (without firing of the engines)
# [[Thrust vector control]] system (moving and rotating engines)
# [[Launch countdown]] simulation
# [[Wet dress rehearsal]], with [[propellant]]
# [[Static fire]] of the engines for eight minutes
The first test was performed in January 2020,<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Rincon |first=Paul |date=9 January 2020 |title=Nasa Moon rocket core leaves for testing |publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-51048986 |url-status=live |access-date=9 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109151551/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-51048986 |archive-date=9 January 2020}}</ref> and subsequent Green Run tests proceeded without issue. On 16 January 2021, a year later, the eighth and final test was performed, but the engines shut down after running for one minute.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Foust |first=Jeff |date=16 January 2021 |title=Green Run hotfire test ends early |url=https://spacenews.com/green-run-hotfire-test-ends-early/ |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=SpaceNews |language=en-US |archive-date=3 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003032149/https://spacenews.com/green-run-hotfire-test-ends-early/ |url-status=live}}</ref> This was caused by pressure in the hydraulic system used for the engines' thrust vector control system dropping below the limits set for the test. However, the limits were conservative – if such an anomaly occurred in launch, the rocket would still fly normally.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Rincon |first1=Paul |date=20 January 2021 |title=SLS: NASA finds cause of 'megarocket' test shutdown |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-55727686 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120041016/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-55727686 |archive-date=20 January 2021 |access-date=20 January 2021 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref> The static fire test was performed again on 18 March 2021, this time achieving a full-duration eight minute burn.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Foust |first=Jeff |date=18 March 2021 |title=NASA performs full-duration SLS Green Run static-fire test |url=https://spacenews.com/nasa-performs-full-duration-sls-green-run-static-fire-test/ |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=SpaceNews |language=en-US |archive-date=27 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827095956/https://spacenews.com/nasa-performs-full-duration-sls-green-run-static-fire-test/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The core subsequently departed the [[Stennis Space Center]] on 24 April 2021, on route to the [[Kennedy Space Center]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Dunbar |first=Brian |date=29 April 2021 |title=Space Launch System Core Stage Arrives at the Kennedy Space Center |url=http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/space-launch-system-core-stage-arrives-at-the-kennedy-space-center |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507205846/http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/space-launch-system-core-stage-arrives-at-the-kennedy-space-center/ |archive-date=7 May 2021 |access-date=1 June 2021 |publisher=NASA}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
=== Assembly ===
[[File:Artemis I stack after complete platform retraction.jpg|thumb|SLS with the Orion capsule in the [[Vehicle Assembly Building]], March 2022]]
The [[Delta Cryogenic Second Stage#Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage|Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage]] was the first part of the SLS to be delivered to the Kennedy Space Center in July 2017.<ref name=":8">{{cite web |date=11 July 2017 |title=SLS Upper Stage set to take up residence in the former home of ISS modules |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2017/07/sls-upper-stage-residency-former-home-iss-modules/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807132155/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2017/07/sls-upper-stage-residency-former-home-iss-modules/ |archive-date=7 August 2020 |access-date=15 February 2020}}</ref> Three years later, all of the SLS's [[solid rocket booster]] segments were shipped by train to the Kennedy Space Center on 12 June 2020,<ref>{{cite web |last=Sloss |first=Philip |date=19 June 2020 |title=EGS begins Artemis 1 launch processing of SLS Booster hardware |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/06/artemis-1-launch-processing/ |publisher=NASASpaceFlight.com |access-date=28 May 2021 |archive-date=29 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210329080713/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/06/artemis-1-launch-processing/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and the SLS launch vehicle stage adapter (LVSA) was delivered by [[barge]] one month later on 29 July 2020.<ref name="LVSA">{{cite web |last=Sloss |first=Philip |date=5 August 2020 |title=LVSA arrives at KSC, NASA EGS readies final pre-stacking preparations for Artemis 1 |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/08/lvsa-arrives-ksc-for-artemis-1/ |publisher=NASASpaceFlight.com |access-date=28 May 2021 |archive-date=19 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519095605/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/08/lvsa-arrives-ksc-for-artemis-1/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The assembly of the SLS took place at the [[Vehicle Assembly Building]]'s High Bay 3, beginning with the placement of the two bottom solid rocket booster segments on 23 November 2020.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sloss |first=Philip |date=27 November 2020 |title=EGS, Jacobs begin vehicle integration for Artemis 1 launch |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/11/egs-jacobs-vehicle-integration-artemis-1/ |publisher=NASASpaceFlight.com |access-date=29 August 2022 |archive-date=20 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220170208/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/11/egs-jacobs-vehicle-integration-artemis-1/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Assembly of the boosters was temporarily paused due to the core stage Green Run test delays before being resumed on 7 January 2021,<ref>{{cite web |last=Sloss |first=Philip |date=4 December 2020 |title=New Artemis 1 schedule uncertainty as NASA EGS ready to continue SLS Booster stacking |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/12/artemis-1-schedule-uncertainty-sls-booster-stacking/ |publisher=NASASpaceFlight.com |access-date=28 May 2021 |archive-date=14 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814104004/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/12/artemis-1-schedule-uncertainty-sls-booster-stacking/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and the boosters' [[stacking (rocketry)|stacking]] was completed by 2 March 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sempsrott |first=Danielle |date=9 March 2021 |title=Mammoth Artemis I Rocket Boosters Stacked on Mobile Launcher |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2021/03/09/mammoth-artemis-i-rocket-boosters-stacked-on-mobile-launcher/ |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=NASA's blog |publisher=NASA |language=en-US |archive-date=25 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220825202418/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2021/03/09/mammoth-artemis-i-rocket-boosters-stacked-on-mobile-launcher/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
The SLS core stage for the mission, CS-1, arrived at the launch site on the [[Space Shuttle external tank|Pegasus barge]] on 27 April 2021 after the successful conclusion of Green Run tests. It was moved to the VAB low bay for refurbishment and stacking preparations on 29 April 2021.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sloss |first=Philip |date=6 May 2021 |title=NASA EGS, Jacobs preparing SLS Core Stage for Artemis 1 stacking |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/05/nasa-egs-jacobs-sls-artemis-1-stacking/ |publisher=NASASpaceFlight.com |access-date=28 May 2021 |archive-date=11 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611234956/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/05/nasa-egs-jacobs-sls-artemis-1-stacking/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The stage was then stacked with its boosters on 12 June 2021. The stage adapter was stacked on the Core Stage on 22 June 2021. The ICPS upper stage was stacked on 6 July 2021. Following the completion of umbilical retract testing and integrated modal testing, the Orion stage adapter with ten secondary payloads was stacked atop the upper stage on 8 October 2021.<ref>{{cite web |last=Clark |first=Stephen |date=12 October 2021 |title=Adapter structure with 10 CubeSats installed on top of Artemis moon rocket |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/10/12/adapter-structure-with-10-cubesats-installed-on-top-of-artemis-moon-rocket/ |access-date=23 October 2021 |publisher=Spaceflight Now |archive-date=22 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022041055/https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/10/12/adapter-structure-with-10-cubesats-installed-on-top-of-artemis-moon-rocket/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
The Artemis 1 Orion spacecraft began fueling and pre-launch servicing in the [[Multi-Payload Processing Facility]] on 16 January 2021, following a handover to NASA Exploration Ground Systems (EGS).<ref>{{cite web |last=Sloss |first=Philip |date=27 March 2021 |title=EGS synchronizing Artemis 1 Orion, SLS Booster preps with Core Stage schedule |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/03/egs-aligns-artemis-1-schedule/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520153617/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/03/egs-aligns-artemis-1-schedule/ |archive-date=20 May 2021 |access-date=28 May 2021 |publisher=NASASpaceFlight.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Bergin |first=Chris |date=29 March 2021 |title=Following troubled childhood, Orion trio preparing for flight |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/03/troubled-childhood-orion-trio-preparing-flight/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210402034525/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/03/troubled-childhood-orion-trio-preparing-flight/ |archive-date=2 April 2021 |access-date=28 May 2021 |publisher=NASASpaceFlight.com}}</ref> On 20 October 2021, the Orion spacecraft, encapsulated under the launch abort system and aerodynamic cover, was rolled over to the VAB and stacked atop the SLS rocket, finishing the stacking of the Artemis 1 vehicle in High Bay-3.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sloss |first=Philip |date=21 October 2021 |title=Artemis 1 Orion joins SLS to complete vehicle stack |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/10/artemis-1-stack-complete/ |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=NASASpaceFlight.com |language=en-US |archive-date=30 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230171116/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/10/artemis-1-stack-complete/ |url-status=live}}</ref> During a period of extensive integrated testing and checkouts, one of the four RS-25 engine controllers failed, requiring a replacement and delaying the first rollout of the rocket.<ref>{{cite web |date=11 November 2021 |title=EGS, Jacobs begin Artemis 1 pre-launch testing and checkout push |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/11/egs-artemis-1-testing-checkout/ |access-date=3 July 2022 |archive-date=3 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111742/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/11/egs-artemis-1-testing-checkout/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=22 December 2021 |title=Engine controller replacement details behind Artemis 1 launch delay |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/12/engine-controller-artemis-1-delay/ |access-date=3 July 2022 |archive-date=3 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111742/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/12/engine-controller-artemis-1-delay/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Launch preparations ===
[[File:Artemis 1 SLS Rollout (cropped).jpg|thumb|First rollout of SLS in March 2022; it was then rolled back in for repairs]]
On 17 March 2022, Artemis 1 rolled out of High Bay 3 from the [[Vehicle Assembly Building]] for the first time to perform a pre-launch wet dress rehearsal (WDR). The initial WDR attempt, on 3 April, was scrubbed due to a mobile launcher pressurization problem.<ref>{{cite web |title=Artemis I Wet Dress Rehearsal Scrub – Artemis |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/03/artemis-i-wet-dress-rehearsal-scrub/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111826/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/03/artemis-i-wet-dress-rehearsal-scrub/ |archive-date=3 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2022}}</ref> A second attempt to complete the test was scrubbed on 4 April, after problems with supplying gaseous nitrogen to the launch complex, liquid oxygen temperatures, and a vent valve stuck in a closed position.<ref>{{cite web |title=NASA Prepares for Next Artemis I Wet Dress Rehearsal Attempt – Artemis |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/05/nasa-prepares-for-next-artemis-i-wet-dress-rehearsal-attempt/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111828/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/05/nasa-prepares-for-next-artemis-i-wet-dress-rehearsal-attempt/ |archive-date=3 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2022}}</ref>
During preparations for a third attempt, a [[helium]] [[check valve]] on the ICPS upper stage was kept in a semi-open position by a small piece of rubber originating from one of the mobile launcher's umbilical arms, forcing test conductors to delay fueling the stage until the valve could be replaced in the VAB.<ref>{{cite web |title=Artemis I Wet Dress Rehearsal Update – Artemis |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/09/artemis-i-wet-dress-rehearsal-update/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111744/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/09/artemis-i-wet-dress-rehearsal-update/ |archive-date=3 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Artemis I Rocket, Spacecraft Prepare for Return to Launch Pad to Finish Test – Artemis |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/05/06/artemis-i-rocket-spacecraft-prepare-for-return-to-launch-pad-to-finish-test/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111831/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/05/06/artemis-i-rocket-spacecraft-prepare-for-return-to-launch-pad-to-finish-test/ |archive-date=3 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2022}}</ref> The third attempt to finish the test did not include fueling the upper stage. The rocket's liquid oxygen tank started loading successfully. However, during the loading of liquid hydrogen on the core stage, a leak was discovered on the tail service mast umbilical plate, located on the mobile launcher at the base of the rocket, forcing another early end to the test.<ref>{{cite web |title=Artemis I WDR Update: Third Test Attempt Concluded – Artemis |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/14/artemis-i-wdr-update-third-test-attempt-concluded/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111744/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/14/artemis-i-wdr-update-third-test-attempt-concluded/ |archive-date=3 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=14 April 2022 |title=NASA calls off modified Artemis 1 Wet Dress Rehearsal for hydrogen leak |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/04/sls-wdr-2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111741/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/04/sls-wdr-2/ |archive-date=3 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2022}}</ref>
NASA elected to roll the vehicle back to the VAB to repair the hydrogen leak and the ICPS helium check valve while upgrading the nitrogen supply at LC-39B after prolonged outages on the three previous wet dress rehearsals. Artemis 1 was rolled back to the VAB on 26 April.<ref>{{cite web |title=Artemis I Update: Teams Extending Current Hold, Gaseous Nitrogen Supply Reestablished – Artemis |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/14/artemis-i-update-teams-extending-current-hold-gaseous-nitrogen-supply-reestablished/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610230727/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/14/artemis-i-update-teams-extending-current-hold-gaseous-nitrogen-supply-reestablished/ |archive-date=10 June 2022 |access-date=3 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2022 |title=Artemis 1 vehicle heads back to VAB while NASA discusses what to do next |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/04/artemis-1-vab-nasa-discusses-what-next/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623193413/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/04/artemis-1-vab-nasa-discusses-what-next/ |archive-date=23 June 2022 |access-date=3 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Artemis I Moon Rocket Arrives at Vehicle Assembly Building – Artemis |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/26/artemis-i-moon-rocket-arrives-at-vehicle-assembly-building/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624221030/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/26/artemis-i-moon-rocket-arrives-at-vehicle-assembly-building/ |archive-date=24 June 2022 |access-date=3 July 2022}}</ref> After the repairs and upgrades were complete the Artemis 1 vehicle rolled out to LC-39B for a second time on 6 June to complete the test.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Josh Dinner |date=6 June 2022 |title=NASA's Artemis 1 moon rocket returns to launch pad for crucial tests |url=https://www.space.com/nasa-artemis-1-moon-rocket-returns-launch-pad-testing |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610214719/https://www.space.com/nasa-artemis-1-moon-rocket-returns-launch-pad-testing |archive-date=10 June 2022 |access-date=10 June 2022 |website=Space.com |language=en}}</ref>
During the fourth wet dress rehearsal attempt on 20 June, the rocket was fully loaded with propellant on both stages. Still, due to a hydrogen leak on the quick-disconnect connection of the tail service mast umbilical, the countdown could not reach the planned T-9.3 seconds mark and was stopped automatically at T-29 seconds. NASA mission managers soon determined they had completed almost all planned test objectives and declared the WDR campaign complete.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 June 2022 |title=NASA declares SLS countdown rehearsal complete |url=https://spacenews.com/nasa-declares-sls-countdown-rehearsal-complete/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827025343/https://spacenews.com/nasa-declares-sls-countdown-rehearsal-complete/ |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=3 July 2022}}</ref>
On 2 July, the Artemis 1 stack was rolled back to the VAB for final launch preparations and to fix the hydrogen leak on the quick disconnect ahead of a launch targeted in two launch windows: 29 August and 5 September.<ref>{{cite web |title=NASA not planning another Artemis 1 countdown dress rehearsal – Spaceflight Now |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2022/06/22/nasa-not-planning-another-artemis-1-countdown-dress-rehearsal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703054811/https://spaceflightnow.com/2022/06/22/nasa-not-planning-another-artemis-1-countdown-dress-rehearsal/ |archive-date=3 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2 July 2022 |title=SLS rolled back to VAB for final launch preparations |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/07/sls-rolled-back-final-launch-preps/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111742/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/07/sls-rolled-back-final-launch-preps/ |archive-date=3 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2022}}</ref> The SLS passed flight readiness review on 23 August, checking out five days before the first launch opportunity.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Foust |first=Jeff |date=23 August 2022 |title=Artemis 1 passes flight readiness review |url=https://spacenews.com/artemis-1-passes-flight-readiness-review/ |access-date=29 August 2022 |website=SpaceNews |language=en-US |archive-date=29 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829160343/https://spacenews.com/artemis-1-passes-flight-readiness-review/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Initial launch attempts ===
Fueling was scheduled to commence just after midnight on 29 August 2022 but was delayed an hour due to offshore storms, only beginning at 1:13 am EDT. Before the planned launch at 8:33 am, Engine 3 of the rocket's four engines was observed to be above the maximum allowable temperature limit for launch.<ref name="CNNAug29">{{cite news |last1=CNN |first1=Ashley Strickland |title=Today's Artemis I launch has been scrubbed after engine issue |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/29/world/nasa-artemis-1-launch-scn/index.html |access-date=29 August 2022 |publisher=CNN |date=29 August 2022 |archive-date=29 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829140305/https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/29/world/nasa-artemis-1-launch-scn/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=NASA Ready to Try Artemis I Again on Saturday and See What the Day Brings |url=https://spacepolicyonline.com/news/nasa-ready-to-try-artemis-i-again-on-saturday-and-see-what-the-day-brings/ |access-date=2 September 2022 |language=en-US |archive-date=3 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903145954/https://spacepolicyonline.com/news/nasa-ready-to-try-artemis-i-again-on-saturday-and-see-what-the-day-brings/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Other technical difficulties involved an eleven-minute communications delay between the spacecraft and ground control, a fuel leak, and a crack on the insulating foam of the connection joints between the liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen tanks.<ref name="CNNAug29"/><ref name="Speck 2022">{{cite web |last=Speck |first=Emilee |date=23 August 2022 |title=Artemis 1 countdown resumes for Saturday launch; weather forecast improves |url=https://www.foxweather.com/weather-news/artemis-1-launch-forecast-nasa-historic-moon-rocket-launch |access-date=3 September 2022 |website=Fox Weather |archive-date=28 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828191854/https://www.foxweather.com/weather-news/artemis-1-launch-forecast-nasa-historic-moon-rocket-launch |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author1=Tariq Malik |title=NASA calls off Artemis 1 moon rocket launch over engine cooling issue |url=https://www.space.com/artemis-1-moon-rocket-launch-scrub |access-date=29 August 2022 |work=Space.com |date=29 August 2022 |language=en |archive-date=29 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829133215/https://www.space.com/artemis-1-moon-rocket-launch-scrub |url-status=live }}</ref> NASA scrubbed the launch after an unplanned hold and the two-hour [[launch window]] expired.<ref name="IndependentLiveBlogAug29">{{cite news |author1=Anthony Cuthbertson |author2=Vishwam Sankaran |author3=Johanna Chisholm |author4=Jon Kelvey |title=Nasa scrambles to fix Moon rocket issues ahead of Artemis launch – live |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/space/artemis-launch-nasa-live-stream-watch-b2154809.html |access-date=29 August 2022 |work=The Independent |date=29 August 2022 |language=en |archive-date=29 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829160436/https://www.independent.co.uk/space/artemis-launch-nasa-live-stream-watch-b2154809.html |url-status=live }}</ref> An investigation revealed that a sensor not used to determine launch readiness was faulty, and displayed an erroneously high temperature for Engine 3.<ref name=":0" />
Following the first attempt, a second launch attempt was scheduled for the afternoon of 3 September.<ref>{{Cite web |last=CNN |first=Ashley Strickland |title=Artemis I launch team is ready for another 'try' on Saturday |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/09/01/world/nasa-artemis-1-saturday-launch-update-scn/index.html |access-date=2 September 2022 |publisher=CNN |date=2 September 2022 |archive-date=3 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903145954/https://www.cnn.com/2022/09/01/world/nasa-artemis-1-saturday-launch-update-scn/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The launch window would have opened at 2:17 pm [[Eastern Time Zone|EDT]], or 18:17 [[UTC]], and lasted for two hours.<ref name="sn-20220830">{{cite web |last=Foust |first=Jeff |url=https://spacenews.com/next-artemis-1-launch-attempt-set-for-sept-3/ |title=Next Artemis 1 launch attempt set for Sept. 3 |work=[[SpaceNews]] |date=30 August 2022 |access-date=31 August 2022 |archive-date=3 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903145954/https://spacenews.com/next-artemis-1-launch-attempt-set-for-sept-3/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The launch was scrubbed at 11:17 am due to a fuel supply line leak in a service arm connecting to the engine section.<ref name="NASA Blogs Sep32022 11:22 am">{{cite web |last1=Kraft |first1=Rachel |title=Artemis I Launch Attempt Scrubbed |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/09/03/artemis-i-launch-attempt-scrubbed/ |website=NASA blog |publisher=NASA |access-date=3 September 2022}}</ref><ref name="SN-20220903"/> The cause of the leak was uncertain. Mission operators investigated whether an overpressurization of the liquid hydrogen line of the quick-disconnect interface during the launch attempt may have damaged a seal, allowing hydrogen to escape.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Stephen |title=NASA officials evaluating late September launch dates for Artemis 1 moon mission – Spaceflight Now |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2022/09/08/nasa-officials-evaluating-late-september-launch-dates-for-artemis-1-moon-mission/ |access-date=9 September 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref>
Launch operators decided on the date for the next launch attempt; the earliest possible opportunity was 19 September<ref name="TWP-20220903">{{Cite news |last=Davenport |first=Christian |date=3 September 2022 |title=Artemis I mission faces weeks of delay after launch is scrubbed |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/09/03/artemis-launch/ |access-date=6 September 2022}}</ref><ref name="NPR-20220903">{{Cite news |last1=Greenfieldboyce |first1=Nell |last2=Hernandez |first2=Joe |date=3 September 2022 |title=NASA won't try to launch the Artemis 1 moon mission again for at least a few weeks |language=en |publisher=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/09/03/1120742884/nasa-artemis-1-launch-saturday-time-moon-mission-rocket-orion-sls |access-date=6 September 2022}}</ref><ref name="NASA-Kraft" /> until mission managers declared that 27 September, and then 30 September, would be the absolute earliest date, NASA having successfully repaired the leak.<ref name="NSF-20220908">{{cite web |last=Gebhardt|first=Chris|website=NASASpaceflight|access-date=8 September 2022| url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/09/artemis-i-update-sept8/ | title=NASA discusses path to SLS repairs as launch uncertainty looms for September, October | date=8 September 2022 }}</ref><ref name="NASA0912">{{cite web |title=NASA Adjusts Dates for Artemis I Cryogenic Demonstration Test and Launch; Progress at Pad Continues |date=September 12, 2022 |publisher=NASA |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/09/12/nasa-adjusts-dates-for-artemis-i-cryogenic-demonstration-test-and-launch-progress-at-pad-continues/}}</ref> A launch in September would have required that the [[Eastern Range]] of the [[United States Space Force]] agree to an extension on certification of the rocket's flight termination system, which destroys the rocket should it move off-course and towards a populated area;<ref name=":3" /> this was carried out on 22 September.<ref name="Zizo 2022">{{cite web | last=Zizo | first=Christie | title=NASA moves ahead with Artemis launch attempt next week with eye on weather | publisher=WKMG | date=22 September 2022 | url=https://www.clickorlando.com/news/space-news/2022/09/22/nasa-expected-to-announce-whether-artemis-i-can-launch-without-vab-rollback/ | access-date=24 September 2022}}</ref> However, unfavorable forecasts of the trajectory of then-[[Hurricane Ian|Tropical Storm Ian]] led launch managers to call off the 27 September launch attempt and begin preparations for the stack's rollback to the VAB.<ref name="NASA Ian Update 0924">{{cite web | last=Kraft|first=Rachel|title=Artemis I Managers Wave Off Sept. 27 Launch, Preparing for Rollback – Artemis | website=NASA Blogs |publisher=NASA | date=24 September 2022 | url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/09/24/artemis-i-managers-wave-off-sept-27-launch-preparing-for-rollback/ | access-date=24 September 2022}}</ref> On the morning of 26 September, the decision was made to roll back later that evening.<ref name="NASA Blogs 2022Sept26">{{Cite web |title=NASA to Roll Artemis I Rocket and Spacecraft Back to VAB Tonight – Artemis |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/09/26/nasa-to-roll-artemis-i-rocket-and-spacecraft-back-to-vab-tonight/ |access-date=26 September 2022 |website=blogs.nasa.gov |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="SN-20220927">{{cite web | last=Foust | first=Jeff | title=SLS to roll back to VAB as hurricane approaches Florida | website=SpaceNews | date=26 September 2022 | url=https://spacenews.com/sls-to-roll-back-to-vab-as-hurricane-approaches-florida/ | access-date=27 September 2022}}</ref>
On 12 November, following another delay due to [[Hurricane Nicole (2022)|Hurricane Nicole]], NASA launch managers decided to request launch opportunities for 16 and 19 November. They initially requested an opportunity for the 14th but were prevented by then-Tropical Storm Nicole.<ref name="nasa-20221108" /> As the storm approached, NASA decided to leave the rocket at the launch pad, citing a low probability that wind speeds would exceed the rocket's design limits.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/11/08/nasa-prepares-rocket-spacecraft-ahead-of-tropical-storm-nicole-re-targets-launch/|title=NASA Prepares Rocket, Spacecraft Ahead of Tropical Storm Nicole, Re-targets Launch|date=8 November 2022|access-date=10 November 2022|publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref> Wind speeds were expected to reach {{cvt|29|mph|km/h}}, with gusts up to {{cvt|46|mph|km/h}}. Nicole made landfall as a category one hurricane on 9 November, with sustained wind speeds at Kennedy Space Center reaching {{cvt|85|mph|km/h}}, and gusts up to {{cvt|100|mph|km/h}}, exceeding the rocket's design specifications. After the storm cleared, NASA inspected the rocket for physical damage and conducted electronic health checks.<ref name="NASA Nicole Update 1111">{{cite web | title=Teams Conduct Check-outs, Preparations Ahead of Next Artemis I Launch Attempt – Artemis | website=NASA Blogs |publisher=NASA | date=11 November 2022 | url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/11/11/teams-conduct-check-outs-preparations-ahead-of-next-artemis-i-launch-attempt/ | access-date=12 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/11/10/world/artemis-1-rocket-hurricane-nicole-scn/index.html|title=NASA inspects Artemis I rocket after Hurricane Nicole|date=10 November 2022|access-date=10 November 2022|first1=Kristin|last1=Fisher|first2=Jackie|last2=Wattles|publisher=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Artemis I endures 100 mph gust on launch pad during Nicole landfall|first=Richard|last=Tribou|work=Orlando Sentinel|date=10 November 2022|url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/space/artemis/os-bz-nasa-artemis-i-launch-pad-tower-records-100-mph-gust-hurricane-nicole-20221110-chmzzpybo5dnto3st4huufeple-story.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111034143/https://www.orlandosentinel.com/space/artemis/os-bz-nasa-artemis-i-launch-pad-tower-records-100-mph-gust-hurricane-nicole-20221110-chmzzpybo5dnto3st4huufeple-story.html|archive-date=11 November 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 15 November, the mission management team gave a "go" to begin fully preparing for launch, and the main tanking procedures began at 3:30 pm EST (8:30 pm UTC).<ref name="NASA-20221114 countdown begins">{{cite web |last=Kraft|first=Rachel| title=Managers Give "Go" to Proceed Toward Launch, Countdown Progressing – Artemis | website=NASA Blogs |publisher=NASA | date=14 November 2022 | url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/11/14/managers-give-go-to-proceed-toward-launch-countdown-progressing/ | access-date=15 November 2022}}</ref>
==Flight==
===Launch===
[[File:Launch of Artemis 1 (NHQ202211160005).jpg|thumb|Launch of Artemis 1]]
At 1:47:44 am EST (6:47:44 UTC) on November 16, 2022, Artemis 1 successfully launched from [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39B|Launch Complex 39B]] at the [[Kennedy Space Center]], the first time in nearly 50 years [[NASA]] has launched a rocket intended for human travel to the moon, the last time being [[Apollo 17]].<ref name="reuters 1">{{Cite news |last1=Roulette |first1=Joey |last2=Gorman |first2=Steve |date=16 November 2022 |title=NASA's next-generation Artemis mission heads to moon on debut test flight |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/science/nasas-artemis-moon-rocket-begins-fueling-debut-launch-2022-11-15/ |access-date=16 November 2022}}</ref> This launch also marks the first time since [[Ares I-X]] that a rocket has launched from Launch Complex 39B. The [[Orion (spacecraft)|Orion spacecraft]] and [[Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage|ICPS]] were both placed into a nominal orbit after separating from the [[Space Launch System]], achieving orbit approximately 8 minutes after launch.<ref name="auto"/>
===Lunar orbit===
[[File:Orion and Earth (art001e000095).jpg|thumb|Earth viewed from the Orion spacecraft after [[Trans-lunar injection|TLI]]]]
[[File:Distant view of the Moon, Artemis 1.jpg|thumb|The Moon, as seen from the Orion spacecraft, on the fourth day of the mission]]
Eighty-nine minutes after liftoff, the ICPS fired for approximately eighteen minutes for a trans-lunar injection (TLI) burn. After that, Orion separated from the expended stage and fired its auxiliary thrusters to move safely away as it started its journey to the Moon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/11/16/orion-on-its-way-to-the-moon/|title=Orion on Its Way to the Moon – Artemis|website=blogs.nasa.gov}}</ref> The ICPS then deployed 10 [[CubeSat|CubeSats]] as secondary payloads from the Orion Stage Adapter.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davenport |first=Justin |date=2022-11-16 |title=Artemis I releases 10 cubesats, including a Moon lander, for technology and research |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/11/artemis-i-cubesats/ |access-date=2022-11-18 |website=NASASpaceFlight.com |language=en-US}}</ref> A final burn was completed at three and a half hours after launch to dispose itself into a [[heliocentric orbit]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gebhardt |first=Chris |last2=Burghardt |first2=Thomas |date=2022-11-16 |title=SLS makes successful debut flight, sending Artemis I to the Moon |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/11/artemis-i-launch-nov/ |access-date=2022-11-18 |website=NASASpaceFlight.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
On the fifth day of flight, November 20, 2022 at 1:09 p.m. CST, the Orion spacecraft entered the Lunar [[Sphere of influence (astrodynamics)|sphere of influence]], thus the Moon's gravitational force became stronger than Earth's relative to the spacecraft.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Artemis I – Flight Day Five: Orion Enters Lunar Sphere of Influence Ahead of Lunar Flyby – Artemis |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/11/20/artemis-i-flight-day-five-orion-enters-lunar-sphere-of-influence-ahead-of-lunar-flyby/ |access-date=2022-11-21 |website=blogs.nasa.gov |language=en-US}}</ref>
On November 21, 2022, Orion [[Line-of-sight propagation|lost communication with NASA as it passed behind the Moon]] from 7:25 a.m. EST through 7:59 a.m. Therefore, during an [[AI]]-controlled maneuver, the first of a pair of trajectory-altering burns, called "outbound powered flyby burn(s)",<ref>{{Cite web |title=Artemis I – Flight Day Five: Orion Enters Lunar Sphere of Influence Ahead of Lunar Flyby – Artemis |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/11/20/artemis-i-flight-day-five-orion-enters-lunar-sphere-of-influence-ahead-of-lunar-flyby/ |access-date=2022-11-21 |website=blogs.nasa.gov |language=en-US}}</ref> to transition Orion to a [[distant retrograde orbit]] began at 7:44 a.m. EST. The orbital maneuvering system engine fired for two minutes and thirty seconds. While still autonomous, Orion made its closest lunar approach of approximately {{cvt|81|nmi|km|order=flip}} above the surface at 7:57 a.m.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheshier |first=Leah |date=2022-11-19 |title=Artemis I – Flight Day Four: Testing WiFi Signals, Radiator System, GO for Outbound Powered Flyby |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/11/19/artemis-i-flight-day-four-testing-wifi-signals-radiator-system-go-for-outbound-powered-flyby/ |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=nasa.gov |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheshier |first=Leah |date=2022-11-21 |title=Orion Successfully Completes Lunar Flyby, Re-acquires Signal with Earth |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/11/21/orion-successfully-completes-lunar-flyby-re-acquires-signal-with-earth/ |access-date=2022-11-21 |website=nasa.gov |language=en-US}}</ref> The spacecraft will perform the second and final outbound powered flyby burn on November 25.
== Payloads ==
[[File:AstroRad NASA.jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|[[StemRad#AstroRad|AstroRad]] vest on the [[International Space Station]]|left]]
The Orion spacecraft is carrying three astronaut-like mannequins equipped with sensors to provide data on what crew members may experience during a trip to the Moon.<ref>{{cite news |last=Pasztor |first=Andy |date=17 April 2018 |title=U.S., Israeli Space Agencies Join Forces to Protect Astronauts From Radiation |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-israeli-space-agencies-join-forces-to-protect-astronauts-from-radiation-1523969713 |access-date=21 June 2018 |archive-date=29 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829041818/https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-israeli-space-agencies-join-forces-to-protect-astronauts-from-radiation-1523969713 |url-status=live}}</ref> The first mannequin, called "Captain Moonikin Campos" (named after [[Arturo Campos]], a NASA engineer during the [[Apollo program]]),<ref name="planetarysoclaunchguide">{{cite web |title=Artemis I launch guide: What to expect |url=https://www.planetary.org/articles/artemis-i-launch-guide |access-date=9 August 2022 |website=The Planetary Society |archive-date=9 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809143738/https://www.planetary.org/articles/artemis-i-launch-guide |url-status=live}}</ref> occupies the commander's seat inside Orion and is equipped with two radiation sensors in his Orion Crew Survival System suit, which astronauts will wear during launch, entry, and other dynamic phases of their missions. The commander's seat also has sensors to record acceleration and vibration data during the mission.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Purposeful Passengers Hitch a Ride on NASA's Artemis I Mission |url=https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/purposeful-passengers-hitch-a-ride-on-nasa-s-artemis-i-mission |publisher=NASA |date=15 August 2022 |access-date=28 August 2022 |archive-date=15 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815163346/https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/purposeful-passengers-hitch-a-ride-on-nasa-s-artemis-i-mission/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
Alongside Moonikin are two phantom torsos: Helga and Zohar, who will take part in the Matroshka AstroRad Radiation Experiment (MARE), in which NASA, together with the [[German Aerospace Center]] and the [[Israel Space Agency]], will measure the radiation exposure during the mission. Zohar is shielded with the [[StemRad#AstroRad|Astrorad radiation vest]] and equipped with sensors to determine radiation risks. Helga does not wear a vest. The phantoms will measure the radiation exposure of body location, with both passive and active [[dosimeter]]s distributed at sensitive and high [[stem cell]]-concentration tissues.<ref name="Phantoms">{{cite conference |last=Berger |first=Thomas |title=Exploration Missions and Radiation |url=https://ispcs.com/wp-content/uploads/Thomas-Berger-ISPCS-2017-FINAL-1.compressed.pdf |conference=International Symposium for Personal and Commercial Spaceflight |date=11–12 October 2017 |location=Las Cruces, New Mexico |publisher=ISPCS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622073114/https://ispcs.com/wp-content/uploads/Thomas-Berger-ISPCS-2017-FINAL-1.compressed.pdf |archive-date=22 June 2018 |access-date=22 June 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The test is to provide data on radiation levels during missions to the Moon while testing the effectiveness of the vest.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Orion "Passengers" on Artemis I to Test Radiation Vest for Deep Space Missions |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/orion-passengers-on-artemis-i-to-test-radiation-vest-for-deep-space-missions |publisher=NASA |date=13 February 2020 |access-date=28 August 2022 |archive-date=19 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719041636/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/orion-passengers-on-artemis-i-to-test-radiation-vest-for-deep-space-missions/ |url-status=live}}</ref> In addition to the three mannequins, Orion carries NASA's [[Snoopy]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Warner |first1=Cheryl |date=12 November 2021 |title=Snoopy to Fly on NASA's Artemis I Moon Mission |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/snoopy-to-fly-on-nasas-artemis-i-moon-mission |access-date=9 August 2022 |publisher=NASA |archive-date=10 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810023235/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/snoopy-to-fly-on-nasas-artemis-i-moon-mission/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and ESA's [[Shaun the Sheep]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shaun the Sheep to fly on Artemis I lunar mission |url=https://www.aardman.com/latest-news/shaun-the-sheep-esa-artemis-i |website=aardman.com |access-date=8 August 2022 |archive-date=8 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808102630/https://www.aardman.com/latest-news/shaun-the-sheep-esa-artemis-i |url-status=live}}</ref>
Besides these functional payloads, Artemis 1 also carries commemorative stickers, patches, seeds, and flags from contractors and space agencies worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Artemis I Official Flight Kit |url=https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/artemis_i_official_flight_kit.pdf |publisher=NASA |access-date=27 August 2022 |archive-date=17 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817105322/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/artemis_i_official_flight_kit.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> A technology demonstration called Callisto, named after [[Callisto (mythology)|the mythical figure]] associated with Artemis, developed by Lockheed Martin in collaboration with [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] and [[Cisco]], is also in flight aboard Orion on Artemis 1. Callisto will use video conferencing software to transmit audio and video from mission control and use the [[Amazon Alexa|Alexa]] virtual assistant to respond to the audio messages. In addition, the public can submit messages to be displayed on Callisto during the Artemis 1 mission.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 August 2022 |title=How to send a message into space aboard Artemis I |url=https://www.9news.com/article/tech/science/nasa-artemis-launch-callisto-space-project/73-393296a7-bd81-400e-9da3-c79c8f19a9f9 |access-date=2 September 2022 |website=KUSA.com |language=en-US |archive-date=3 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903145955/https://www.9news.com/article/tech/science/nasa-artemis-launch-callisto-space-project/73-393296a7-bd81-400e-9da3-c79c8f19a9f9 |url-status=live }}</ref>
===Cubesats===
[[File:ARTEMIS-1 (CUBESATS).jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|right|Orion spacecraft's stage adapter with nine out of ten CubeSats installed]]
Ten low-cost [[CubeSat]] missions fly as [[secondary payload]]s.<ref name=":5" /> They are in six-unit configurations<ref>{{cite web |last=Foust |first=Jeff |date=8 August 2019 |title=NASA seeking proposals for cubesats on second SLS launch |url=https://spacenews.com/nasa-seeking-proposals-for-cubesats-on-second-sls-launch/ |access-date=29 August 2020 |publisher=SpaceNews |quote=Unlike Artemis 1, which will fly six-unit cubesats only... |archive-date=27 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827025343/https://spacenews.com/nasa-seeking-proposals-for-cubesats-on-second-sls-launch/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and reside within the Stage Adapter, above the second stage. Two were selected through NASA's [[Next Space Technologies for Exploration Partnerships]], three through the Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate, two through the [[Science Mission Directorate]], and three from submissions by NASA's international partners.<ref name="AdapterInstalled">{{Cite journal |last=Latifiyan |first=Pouya |date=August 2022 |title=Artemis 1 and space communications |journal=Qoqnoos Scientific Magazine |page=3}}</ref> These CubeSats are:<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Stephen |date=12 October 2021 |title=Adapter structure with 10 CubeSats installed on top of Artemis moon rocket |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/10/12/adapter-structure-with-10-cubesats-installed-on-top-of-artemis-moon-rocket/ |access-date=25 August 2022 |website=Spaceflight Now |language=en-US |archive-date=12 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211012150642/https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/10/12/adapter-structure-with-10-cubesats-installed-on-top-of-artemis-moon-rocket/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[ArgoMoon]], designed by [[Argotec]] and coordinated by the [[Italian Space Agency]], is designed to image the Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage.
* [[BioSentinel]] contains [[yeast]] cards that will be rehydrated in space, designed to detect, measure, and compare the [[Health threat from cosmic rays|effects of deep space radiation]].
* [[CubeSat for Solar Particles]], designed by the [[Southwest Research Institute]], will orbit the Sun in [[interplanetary space]] and study its [[Solar energetic particles|particles]] and [[Sun#Magnetic field|magnetic fields]].
* [[EQUULEUS]], designed by Japan's [[JAXA]] and the [[University of Tokyo]], will image the Earth's [[plasmasphere]], impact craters on the [[Far side of the Moon|Moon's far side]], and small trajectory maneuvers near the Moon.
* [[Lunar IceCube]], a lunar orbiter designed by [[Morehead State University]], will use its [[Infrared spectroscopy|infrared spectrometer]] to detect water and organic compounds in the [[lunar surface]] and [[Atmosphere of the Moon|exosphere]].
* [[Lunar Polar Hydrogen Mapper]] ("LunaH-Map"), selected by the NASA [[Small Innovative Missions for Planetary Exploration |SIMPLEx program]],<ref name="simplex-2015">NASA, [https://nspires.nasaprs.com/external/viewrepositorydocument/cmdocumentid=478898/solicitationId=%7B1DDABD1B-6261-1D15-874A-67BB42357C3A%7D/viewSolicitationDocument=1/SIMPLEx14%20Selections_Abstracts.pdf Small Innovative Missions for Planetary Exploration Program Abstracts of selected proposals], August 8, 2015. Retrieved Nov. 17, 2022.</ref> a lunar orbiter designed by [[Arizona State University]], will search for evidence of [[Lunar water|lunar water ice]] inside [[permanently shadowed crater]]s using its neutron detector.
* [[Near-Earth Asteroid Scout]], designed by NASA's [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]], is a [[solar sail]] that will flyby a [[near-Earth asteroid]].
* [[OMOTENASHI]], designed by [[JAXA]], is a lunar probe attempting to land using [[solid rocket motor]]s.
* [[LunIR]], designed by Lockheed Martin, is to fly by the Moon and collect its surface [[Infrared spectroscopy|thermography]].
* [[Team Miles]], designed by Fluid and Reason LLC, will demonstrate [[Plasma propulsion engine|low-thrust plasma propulsion]] in deep space.
Another three CubeSats were originally planned to launch on Artemis 1 but missed the integration deadline, and will have to find alternative flights to the Moon. The stage adapter contains thirteen CubeSat deployers in total.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Anderson |first1=Gina |last2=Porter |first2=Molly |date=8 June 2017 |title=Three DIY CubeSats Score Rides on NASA's First Flight of Orion, Space Launch System |url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/three-diy-cubesats-score-rides-on-nasa-s-first-flight-of-orion-space-launch-system |publisher=NASA |access-date=10 June 2017 |archive-date=6 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806051921/https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/three-diy-cubesats-score-rides-on-nasa-s-first-flight-of-orion-space-launch-system/ |url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
* [[Cislunar Explorers]] would demonstrate the viability of [[water electrolysis]] propulsion and interplanetary optical navigation to orbit the Moon. It was designed by [[Cornell University]], Ithaca, New York<!-- DO NOT LINK, see [[MOS:GEOLINK]] for further guidance -->.<ref name="ss-202110032">{{cite web |last=Ohana |first=Lavie |date=3 October 2021 |title=Four Artemis I CubeSats miss their ride |url=https://www.spacescout.info/2021/10/four-artemis-i-cubesats-miss-their-ride/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417061728/https://www.spacescout.info/2021/10/four-artemis-i-cubesats-miss-their-ride/ |archive-date=17 April 2022 |access-date=6 October 2021 |publisher=Space Scout}}</ref>
* [[Lunar Flashlight]] is a lunar orbiter that would seek exposed water ice and map its concentration at the {{cvt|1|-|2|km}} scale within the permanently shadowed regions of the [[lunar south pole]].<ref name="SSERVI Flash2015">{{cite web |year=2015 |title=Lunar Flashlight |url=http://sservi.nasa.gov/articles/lunar-flashlight/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913141407/http://sservi.nasa.gov/articles/lunar-flashlight/ |archive-date=13 September 2016 |access-date=23 May 2015 |work=Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute |publisher=NASA}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="RPMWall">{{cite news |last=Wall |first=Mike |date=9 October 2014 |title=NASA Is Studying How to Mine the Moon for Water |publisher=Space.com |url=http://www.space.com/27388-nasa-moon-mining-missions-water.html |url-status=live |access-date=23 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111013713/http://www.space.com/27388-nasa-moon-mining-missions-water.html |archive-date=11 November 2016}}</ref> Remanifested on Hakuto-R Mission 1 on a Falcon 9.<ref name="nasa-20221028">{{cite web |date=28 October 2022 |title=NASA’s Lunar Flashlight Ready to Search for the Moon’s Water Ice |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/nasa-s-lunar-flashlight-ready-to-search-for-the-moon-s-water-ice/ |access-date=29 October 2022 |work=[[NASA]]}}</ref>
* [[Earth Escape Explorer]] would demonstrate long-distance communications while in [[heliocentric orbit]]. It was designed by the [[University of Colorado Boulder]].<ref name="ss-202110032" />
== Media outreach ==
[[File:Artemis 1 Boarding-pass.jpg|thumb|Sample souvenir boarding pass for those who registered their names to be flown aboard the Artemis 1 mission]]The Artemis 1 [[mission patch]] was created by NASA designers of the SLS, Orion spacecraft and [[Exploration Ground Systems]] teams. The silver border represents the color of the Orion spacecraft; at the center, the SLS and Orion are depicted. Three lightning towers surrounding the rocket symbolize Launch Complex 39B, from which Artemis 1 will launch. The red and blue mission trajectories encompassing the white full Moon represent Americans and people in the European Space Agency who work on Artemis 1.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hambleton |first=Kathryn |date=16 January 2018 |title=Artemis 1 Identifier |url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/artemis-1-identifier |access-date=24 August 2022 |publisher=NASA |archive-date=5 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220805172711/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/artemis-1-identifier/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
The Artemis 1 flight is frequently marketed as the beginning of Artemis's "Moon to Mars" program,<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 August 2022 |title=How NASA's Artemis program plans to return astronauts to the moon |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/how-nasas-artemis-program-plans-to-return-astronauts-to-the-moon |access-date=25 August 2022 |website=Science |language=en |archive-date=24 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824113854/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/how-nasas-artemis-program-plans-to-return-astronauts-to-the-moon |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Northon |first=Karen |date=26 September 2018 |title=NASA Unveils Sustainable Campaign to Return to Moon, on to Mars |url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-unveils-sustainable-campaign-to-return-to-moon-on-to-mars |access-date=25 August 2022 |publisher=NASA |archive-date=7 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707064351/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-unveils-sustainable-campaign-to-return-to-moon-on-to-mars/ |url-status=live}}</ref> though there is no concrete plan for a crewed mission to Mars within NASA as of 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2022 |title=Nasa's Artemis moon mission explained |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/space/artemis-1-moon-mission-nasa-explained-b2151469.html |access-date=25 August 2022 |website=The Independent |language=en |archive-date=25 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220825104847/https://www.independent.co.uk/space/artemis-1-moon-mission-nasa-explained-b2151469.html |url-status=live}}</ref> To raise public awareness, NASA made a website for the public to get a digital boarding pass of the mission. The names submitted are written into a hard drive inside the Orion spacecraft.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marples |first=Megan |date=11 March 2022 |title=NASA will send your name around the moon. Here's how to sign up |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/11/world/nasa-name-submission-artemis-i-mission-scn/index.html |access-date=24 August 2022 |publisher=CNN |archive-date=24 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824125217/https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/11/world/nasa-name-submission-artemis-i-mission-scn/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wall |first=Mike |date=3 March 2022 |title=Your name can fly around the moon on NASA's Artemis 1 mission |url=https://www.space.com/fly-name-around-moon-nasa-artemis-1-mission |access-date=24 August 2022 |website=Space.com |language=en |archive-date=24 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824125216/https://www.space.com/fly-name-around-moon-nasa-artemis-1-mission |url-status=live}}</ref> Also aboard the capsule is a digital copy of the 14,000 entries for the Moon Pod Essay Contest hosted by Future Engineers for NASA.<ref>{{cite web |title=Future Engineers: Moon Pod Essay Contest |url=https://www.futureengineers.org/artemismoonpodessay |url-status=live |access-date=24 March 2021 |archive-date=26 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326131113/https://www.futureengineers.org/artemismoonpodessay/}}</ref>
== See also ==
* [[List of Artemis missions]]
== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note}}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
{{Commons}}
* {{Official website}}
* {{YouTube|OZvDAAI_JM0|Simulation of Artemis 1 Launch and CubeSat Deployment}}
* [https://www.nasa.gov/specials/trackartemis/ Artemis Real-time Orbit Website], NASA
{{Artemis program}}
{{Orion program}}
{{Moon spacecraft}}
{{Orbital launches in 2022}}
{{Portal bar|Spaceflight}}
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 2022]]
[[Category:2022 in Florida]]
[[Category:Artemis program]]
[[Category:Orion (spacecraft)]]
[[Category:Space Launch System]]
[[Category:Missions to the Moon]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext ) | '{{nw jkqfn vkjbqgvbfvvnjfv| image_caption = The [[Space Launch System|SLS]] rocket launches Artemis 1 from Kennedy Space Center's [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39B|LC-39B]]
| image_size = 300px
| mission_type = Uncrewed lunar orbital test flight
| operator = [[NASA]]zfbgbbssgsgsg
| COSPAR_ID = [https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2022-156A 2022-156A]
| SATCAT = 54257
| website = {{URL|www.nasa.gov/artemis-1}}
| mission_duration = {{ubl|25 days, 11 hours, 36 minutes (planned)<ref name="NasaLaunchPressKit">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/specials/artemis-i-press-kit/img/Artemis%20I_Press%20Kit.pdf|title=Artemis 1 Press Kit|access-date=16 November 2022|archive-date=15 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115205721/https://www.nasa.gov/specials/artemis-i-press-kit/img/Artemis%20I_Press%20Kit.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="nasa-20221108">{{cite web |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/11/08/nasa-prepares-rocket-spacecraft-ahead-of-tropical-storm-nicole-re-targets-launch/ |title=NASA Prepares Rocket, Spacecraft Ahead of Tropical Storm Nicole, Re-targets Launch |work=[[NASA]] |date=8 November 2022 |access-date=8 November 2022}}</ref>|{{time interval|16 November 2022, 06:47:44||show=dhm}} (in progress)}}
| distance_travelled = {{convert|1.3|e6mi|e6km|abbr=off|sp=us}}
| spacecraft = [[Orion (spacecraft)|Orion CM-002]]
| spacecraft_type = [[Orion (spacecraft)|Orion MPCV]]
| spacecraft_bus =
| manufacturer = {{Plainlist|
* [[Boeing]]
* [[Airbus Defence and Space]]
* [[Lockheed Martin]]
* [[Northrop Grumman]]
* [[Aerojet Rocketdyne]]
* [[Redwire Space]]
}}
| payload_mass =
| launch_date = 16 November 2022, 06:47:44 UTC<ref name="reuters 1"/>
| launch_rocket = [[Space Launch System|Space Launch System Block 1]]
| launch_site = [[Kennedy Space Center]], [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39B|LC-39B]]
| launch_contractor =
| recovery_by = {{USS|Portland|LPD-27|6}} (planned)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Artemis 1 flight to moon depends on precision rocket firings to pull off a complex trajectory |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nasa-space-launch-system-rocket-firing-artemis-moon/ |access-date=31 August 2022 |publisher=CBS News |language=en-US |archive-date=29 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829061628/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nasa-space-launch-system-rocket-firing-artemis-moon/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| landing_date = 11 December 2022 18:06 UTC (10:06 am PST)<ref name="nasa-20221108" />
| landing_site = Pacific Ocean off [[San Diego]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Jason |title=Artemis I launch guide: What to expect |url=https://www.planetary.org/articles/artemis-i-launch-guide |website=The Planetary Society |access-date=24 August 2022 |archive-date=15 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815211743/https://www.planetary.org/articles/artemis-i-launch-guide |url-status=live }}</ref>
| orbit_reference = [[Lunar orbit|Selenocentric]]
| orbit_regime = [[Distant retrograde orbit]]
| orbit_periapsis =
| orbit_apoapsis =
| orbit_inclination =
| orbit_period = 14 days
| apsis = gee
| interplanetary = {{Infobox spaceflight/IP
| type = orbiter
| object = Orion spacecraft
| arrival_date =
| departure_date =
| apsis =
}}
| insignia = Exploration Mission-1 patch.png
| insignia_caption = Artemis 1 mission patch
| insignia_size = 200px
| programme = [[Artemis program]]
| previous_mission = [[Ascent Abort-2]]
| next_mission = [[Artemis 2]]
}}
'''Artemis 1''', officially '''Artemis I''',<ref>{{cite report |title=Artemis: brand book |publisher=NASA |location=Washington, D.C. |id=NP-2019-07-2735-HQ |quote=MISSION NAMING CONVENTION: While Apollo mission patches used numbers and roman numerals throughout the program, Artemis mission names will use a roman numeral convention. |year=2019}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> is an ongoing uncrewed [[Lunar orbit|Moon-orbiting]] mission and the first major spaceflight of [[NASA]]'s [[Artemis program]]. It is the first integrated flight test of the [[Orion (spacecraft)|Orion spacecraft]] and [[Space Launch System|Space Launch System rocket]].{{refn|group=note|An Orion capsule was [[Exploration Flight Test-1|flown]] in 2014, but not the entire Orion spacecraft.}} Artemis 1 was successfully launched from [[Kennedy Space Center]] on 16 November 2022 at 01:47:44 EST (06:47:44 UTC).<ref name="auto">{{Citation |title=Artemis I Launch to the Moon (Official NASA Broadcast) – Nov. 16, 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CMLD0Lp0JBg |language=en |access-date=16 November 2022}}</ref><ref name="nasa-20221108" /><ref name="NASA-Kraft">{{Cite web |last=Kraft |first=Rachel |date=16 May 2022 |title=Artemis I Mission Availability |url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/artemis-i-mission-availability |access-date=6 September 2022 |publisher=NASA}}</ref><ref name="NASA-20221114 countdown begins"/> Its main objective is to test the Orion spacecraft, especially its [[heat shield|heat shield,]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=NASA: Artemis I |url=https://www.nasa.gov/specials/artemis-i/index.html |access-date=2022-11-17 |website=NASA}}</ref> in preparation for subsequent Artemis missions. These missions will seek to reestablish a human presence on the Moon and demonstrate technologies and business approaches needed for future scientific studies, including [[exploration of Mars]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dunbar |first=Brian |date=2019-07-23 |title=What is Artemis? |url=http://www.nasa.gov/what-is-artemis |access-date=2022-11-17 |website=NASA}}</ref>
<!--Best not to include prior planned dates, the context of delays is better saved for the History section, also please keep infobox and main content consistent with each other, especially regarding dates with references-->
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The Orion spacecraft for Artemis 1 was [[stacking (rocketry)|stacked]] on 20 October 2021,<ref name="Oct20">{{cite web |date=23 October 2021 |title=NASA Fully Stacked for Moon Mission, Readies for Artemis I |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-fully-stacked-for-moon-mission-readies-for-artemis-i |access-date=17 November 2022 |publisher=NASA |url-status=live }} {{PD-notice}}</ref> marking the first time a [[Super heavy-lift launch vehicle|super-heavy-lift vehicle]] has been stacked inside NASA's [[Vehicle Assembly Building]] (VAB) since the final [[Saturn V]] in 1973. On 17 August 2022, the fully stacked vehicle was rolled out for launch after a series of delays caused by difficulties in pre-flight testing. The first two launch attempts were canceled due to a faulty engine temperature reading on 29 August 2022 and a hydrogen leak during fueling on 3 September 2022, respectively.<ref name="SN-20220903">{{cite web | last=Foust | first=Jeff | title=Second Artemis 1 launch attempt scrubbed | website=SpaceNews | date=3 September 2022 | url=https://spacenews.com/second-artemis-1-launch-attempt-scrubbed/ | access-date=4 September 2022}}</ref>
== Mission profile ==
{{See also|Orion (spacecraft)|Space Launch System}}[[File:Artemis I map October 2021.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Summary of the Artemis I mission|left]]
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Once in orbit, the ICPS fired its engine to perform a [[trans-lunar injection]] (TLI) burn, which placed the Orion spacecraft and ten [[CubeSat]]s on a trajectory to the Moon. Orion then separated from the ICPS and continued its coast into lunar space. Following Orion separation, the ICPS Stage Adapter deployed ten CubeSats that will conduct scientific research and perform technology demonstrations.<ref name="nasa-20211004">{{cite web|url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2021/10/04/all-artemis-i-secondary-payloads-installed-in-rockets-orion-stage-adapter/|title=All Artemis I Secondary Payloads Installed in Rocket's Orion Stage Adapter|last=Harbaugh|first=Jennifer|publisher=NASA|date=4 October 2021|access-date=6 October 2021|archive-date=15 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715195933/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2021/10/04/all-artemis-i-secondary-payloads-installed-in-rockets-orion-stage-adapter/|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
The Orion spacecraft will spend approximately three weeks in space, including six days in a [[distant retrograde orbit]] (DRO) around the Moon.<ref name="Nov15">{{cite web |date=27 November 2015 |title=The Ins and Outs of NASA's First Launch of SLS and Orion |url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/the-ins-and-outs-of-nasa-s-first-launch-of-sls-and-orion |access-date=3 May 2016 |publisher=NASA |archive-date=22 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222201819/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/the-ins-and-outs-of-nasa-s-first-launch-of-sls-and-orion |url-status=live }} {{PD-notice}}</ref> It will come within approximatly {{cvt|80|nmi|km|order=flip}} of the Lunar surface (closest approach)<ref name="NASA_20221120"/> and its maximum distance from Earth will be {{Cvt|298,565|mi|km|order=flip}}.<ref name="NasaLaunchPressKit" />bivbtrulvhnrtuovjnrfkvnjgrv fdvafvfvefv
[[File:Block 1 70t Crew Expanded View.jpg|thumb|Block 1 variant of SLS rocket]]
{| class="wikitable alternation"
|+ Mission timeline<ref name="NasaLaunchPressKit" />
! scope="col" | Time (UTC)
! scope="col" | Event
|-
|Nov 16 6:47:44
|Liftoff
|-
|6:49:56
|Solid rocket booster separation
|-
|6:50:55
|Service module fairing jettisoned
|-
|6:51:00
|Launch abort system jettisoned
|-
|6:55:47
|Core stage main engine cutoff
|-
|6:55:59
|Core stage and ICPS separation
|-
|7:05:53 – 7:17:53
|Orion solar array deployment
|-
|7:40:40 – 7:41:02
|Perigee raise maneuver
|-
|8:17:11 – 8:35:11
|Trans-Lunar injection burn
|-
|8:45:20
|Orion/ICPS separation
|-
|8:46:42
|Upper-stage separation burn
|-
|10:09:20
|ICPS disposal burn
|-
|14:35:15
|First trajectory correction burn
|-
|Nov 17–20
|Outbound coasting phase
|-
|Nov 21 12:44
|Lunar outbound powered flyby<ref name="NASA_20221120">{{cite web |title=Artemis I – Flight Day Five: Orion Enters Lunar Sphere of Influence Ahead of Lunar Flyby |date=November 20, 2022 |publisher=NASA |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/ |quote=The outbound powered flyby will begin at 7:44 a.m., with Orion’s closest approach to the Moon targeted for 7:57 a.m.,...}}</ref>
|-
|Nov 21–24
|Transit to distant retrograde orbit (DRO)
|-
|Nov 25–30
|In DRO
|-
|Dec 1 21:53
|DRO departure burn
|-
|Dec 1–4
|Exiting DRO
|-
|Dec 5 16:43
|Return powered flyby
|-
|Dec 5–11
|Return transit
|-
|Dec 11 18:06
|Entry and splashdown
|}
=== bivbtrulvhnrtuovjnrfkvnjgrv fdvafvfvefv ===
{|
|-
| {{multiple image
| align = left
| direction = horizontal
| width = 450
| header = Animation of Artemis I
| image1 = Animation of Artemis I around Earth.gif
| caption1 = [[Earth-centered inertial]] reference frame.
| image2 = Animation of Artemis I around Earth - Frame rotating with Moon.gif
| caption2 = Earth-centered [[Rotating reference frame|frame rotating]] with Moon
| footer = {{legend2|RoyalBlue|Earth}}{{·}}{{legend2|Magenta|Artemis I}}{{·}}{{legend2|Lime|Moon}}|
}}
|}
== bivbtrulvhnrtuovjnrfkvnjgrv fdvafvfvefv ==
[[File:Artist Concept - Space Launch System in Flight.jpg|thumb|Early illustration of the SLS launch, December 2011]]
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In January 2013 it was announced that the Orion spacecraft's [[service module]] was to be built by the [[European Space Agency]] and named the [[European Service Module]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 January 2013 |title=NASA Signs Agreement for a European-Provided Orion Service Module |url=http://www.nasa.gov/exploration/systems/mpcv/orion_feature_011613.html |access-date=24 August 2022 |publisher=NASA |language=en |archive-date=28 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328093836/http://www.nasa.gov/exploration/systems/mpcv/orion_feature_011613.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In mid-November 2014 construction of the SLS core stage began at NASA's [[Michoud Assembly Facility]] (MAF).<ref>{{cite web |title=SLS Engine Section Barrel Hot off the Vertical Weld Center at Michoud |url=http://www.nasa.gov/sls/14-171.html#.VGfrNb4_ypc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141119072126/http://www.nasa.gov/sls/14-171.html#.VGfrNb4_ypc |archive-date=19 November 2014 |access-date=16 November 2014 |publisher=NASA}}</ref> In January 2015 NASA and [[Lockheed Martin]] announced that the primary structure in the Orion spacecraft used on Artemis 1 would be up to 25% lighter compared to the previous one (EFT-1). This would be achieved by reducing the number of cone panels from six (EFT-1) to three (EM-1), reducing the total number of welds from 19 to 7<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.waaytv.com/space_alabama/orion-program-manager-talks-eft--in-huntsville/article_17894640-9b43-11e4-b731-1feb498f3882.html|title=Orion program manager talks EFT-1 in Huntsville|last=Barrett|first=Josh|date=13 January 2015|access-date=14 January 2015|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150118121313/http://www.waaytv.com/space_alabama/orion-program-manager-talks-eft--in-huntsville/article_17894640-9b43-11e4-b731-1feb498f3882.html|archive-date=18 January 2015|publisher=WAAY}}</ref> and saving the additional mass of the weld material. Other savings would be due to revising its various components and wiring. For Artemis 1, the Orion spacecraft will be outfitted with a complete [[life support system]] and crew seats but will be left uncrewed.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.waff.com/story/27841631/engineers-resolve-orion-will-lose-weight-in-2015|title=Engineers resolve Orion will 'lose weight' in 2015|date=13 January 2015|access-date=15 January 2015|publisher=WAFF|archive-date=8 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808125121/http://www.waff.com/story/27841631/engineers-resolve-orion-will-lose-weight-in-2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
Originally, the SLS version used on the first, second, and third missions was intended to use the SLS's [[Exploration Upper Stage]]; however, due to delays in developing the stage, NASA decided to switch from [[Space Launch System#Block variants|Block 1B]] to the less powerful [[Space Launch System#Block variants|Block 1]] SLS for these three missions. The Exploration Upper Stage will be used instead from SLS's fourth mission onwards. In February 2017, NASA began investigating the feasibility of a crewed launch as the first SLS flight.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |date=15 February 2017 |title=NASA to Study Adding Crew to First Flight of SLS and Orion |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-to-study-adding-crew-to-first-flight-of-sls-and-orion |access-date=15 February 2017 |publisher=NASA |archive-date=22 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422125018/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-to-study-adding-crew-to-first-flight-of-sls-and-orion/ |url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> It would have had a crew of two astronauts and the flight time would have been shorter than the uncrewed version.<ref name="warner">{{cite web |date=24 February 2017 |title=NASA Kicks Off Study to Add Crew to First Flight of Orion, SLS |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-kicks-off-study-to-add-crew-to-first-flight-of-orion-sls-as-progress-continues-to-send |access-date=27 February 2017 |publisher=NASA |archive-date=28 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228081214/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-kicks-off-study-to-add-crew-to-first-flight-of-orion-sls-as-progress-continues-to-send/ |url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> However, after a months-long feasibility study, NASA rejected the proposal, claiming cost as the primary issue, and continued with the plan to fly the first SLS mission uncrewed.<ref name="uncrewed20170512">{{cite web |last=Gebhardt |first=Chris |date=12 May 2017 |title=NASA will not put a crew on EM-1, cites cost – not safety – as main reason |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2017/05/nasa-em-1-uncrewed-costs-main-reason/ |access-date=19 May 2020 |publisher=NASASpaceFlight.com |archive-date=3 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703151036/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2017/05/nasa-em-1-uncrewed-costs-main-reason/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
In March 2019, then-NASA administrator [[Jim Bridenstine]] proposed moving the Orion spacecraft from SLS to commercial rockets, either the [[Falcon Heavy]] or Delta IV Heavy, to comply with the schedule.<ref>{{cite web |last=King |first=Ledyard |date=14 May 2019 |title=NASA names new moon landing mission 'Artemis' as Trump administration asks for US$1.6 billion |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/05/14/nasas-artemis-program-eyes-initial-1-6-billion-2024-moon-landing/1195849001/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803205803/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/05/14/nasas-artemis-program-eyes-initial-1-6-billion-2024-moon-landing/1195849001/ |archive-date=3 August 2019 |access-date=29 August 2020 |newspaper=USA Today}}</ref><ref name="Commercial LVs2">{{cite web |last=Grush |first=Loren |date=18 July 2019 |title=NASA's daunting to-do list for sending people back to the Moon |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/7/18/18629403/nasa-artemis-moon-program-funds-hardware-apollo-11-anniversary |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207085513/https://www.theverge.com/2019/7/18/18629403/nasa-artemis-moon-program-funds-hardware-apollo-11-anniversary |archive-date=7 December 2019 |access-date=29 August 2020 |newspaper=The Verge}}</ref> The mission would require two launches: one to place the [[Orion spacecraft]] into orbit around the Earth, and a second carrying an upper stage. The two would then dock while in Earth orbit, and the upper stage would ignite to send Orion to the Moon.<ref>{{cite web |last=Foust |first=Jeff |date=13 March 2019 |title=NASA considering flying Orion on commercial launch vehicles |url=https://spacenews.com/nasa-considering-flying-orion-on-commercial-launch-vehicles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827025343/https://spacenews.com/nasa-considering-flying-orion-on-commercial-launch-vehicles/ |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=13 March 2019 |publisher=SpaceNews}}</ref> The idea was eventually scrapped.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sloss |first1=Philip |date=19 April 2019 |title=NASA Launch Services Program outlines the alternative launcher review for EM-1 |publisher=NASASpaceFlight.com |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/04/nasa-lsp-studies-alternate-orion-options/ |url-status=live |access-date=9 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503164345/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/04/nasa-lsp-studies-alternate-orion-options/ |archive-date=3 May 2019}}</ref> One challenge with this option would be carrying out that docking, as Orion will not carry a docking mechanism until [[Artemis 3]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://spacenews.com/nasa-considering-flying-orion-on-commercial-launch-vehicles/|title=NASA considering flying Orion on commercial launch vehicles|last=Foust|first=Jeff|publisher=SpaceNews|date=13 March 2019|access-date=13 March 2019|archive-date=27 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827025343/https://spacenews.com/nasa-considering-flying-orion-on-commercial-launch-vehicles/|url-status=live}}</ref> The concept was shelved in mid-2019, due to another study's conclusion that it would further delay the mission.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/04/nasa-lsp-studies-alternate-orion-options/|title=NASA Launch Services Program outlines the alternative launcher review for EM-1|last1=Sloss|first1=Philip|publisher=NASASpaceFlight.com|date=19 April 2019|access-date=9 June 2019|archive-date=3 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503164345/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/04/nasa-lsp-studies-alternate-orion-options/|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Ground testing ===
[[File:Green Run test of the SLS at Stennis Space Center on Saturday, January 16, 2021 36.jpg|thumb|First static fire attempt of the core stage performed on 16 January 2021]]
The core stage for Artemis 1, built at [[Michoud Assembly Facility]] by Boeing, had all four engines attached in November 2019<ref name="SlSUpdate2016">{{cite web |date=8 November 2019 |title=All Four Engines Are Attached to the SLS Core Stage for Artemis I Mission |url=https://www.nasa.gov/exploration/systems/sls/multimedia/four-engines-attached-to-sls-core-stage-for-artemis-I-mission.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112214328/https://www.nasa.gov/exploration/systems/sls/multimedia/four-engines-attached-to-sls-core-stage-for-artemis-I-mission.html |archive-date=12 November 2019 |access-date=12 November 2019 |publisher=NASA}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> and was declared finished one month later.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Foust |first=Jeff |date=10 December 2019 |title=SLS core stage declared ready for launch in 2021 |url=https://spacenews.com/sls-core-stage-declared-ready-for-launch-in-2021/ |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=SpaceNews |language=en-US |archive-date=27 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827025343/https://spacenews.com/sls-core-stage-declared-ready-for-launch-in-2021/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The core stage left the facility to undergo the Green Run test series at [[Stennis Space Center]], consisting of eight tests of increasing complexity:<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Harbaugh |first=Jennifer |date=20 May 2020 |title=NASA's SLS Core Stage Green Run Tests Critical Systems For Artemis I |url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasas-sls-green-run-tests-core-stage-for-artemis-i |access-date=27 August 2022 |publisher=NASA |archive-date=26 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426222555/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasas-sls-green-run-tests-core-stage-for-artemis-i/ |url-status=live}} {{Source-attribution}}</ref>
# [[Modal testing]] (vibration tests)
# [[Avionics]] (electronic systems)
# [[Fail-safe]] systems
# [[Propulsion]] (without firing of the engines)
# [[Thrust vector control]] system (moving and rotating engines)
# [[Launch countdown]] simulation
# [[Wet dress rehearsal]], with [[propellant]]
# [[Static fire]] of the engines for eight minutes
The first test was performed in January 2020,<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Rincon |first=Paul |date=9 January 2020 |title=Nasa Moon rocket core leaves for testing |publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-51048986 |url-status=live |access-date=9 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109151551/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-51048986 |archive-date=9 January 2020}}</ref> and subsequent Green Run tests proceeded without issue. On 16 January 2021, a year later, the eighth and final test was performed, but the engines shut down after running for one minute.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Foust |first=Jeff |date=16 January 2021 |title=Green Run hotfire test ends early |url=https://spacenews.com/green-run-hotfire-test-ends-early/ |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=SpaceNews |language=en-US |archive-date=3 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003032149/https://spacenews.com/green-run-hotfire-test-ends-early/ |url-status=live}}</ref> This was caused by pressure in the hydraulic system used for the engines' thrust vector control system dropping below the limits set for the test. However, the limits were conservative – if such an anomaly occurred in launch, the rocket would still fly normally.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Rincon |first1=Paul |date=20 January 2021 |title=SLS: NASA finds cause of 'megarocket' test shutdown |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-55727686 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120041016/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-55727686 |archive-date=20 January 2021 |access-date=20 January 2021 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref> The static fire test was performed again on 18 March 2021, this time achieving a full-duration eight minute burn.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Foust |first=Jeff |date=18 March 2021 |title=NASA performs full-duration SLS Green Run static-fire test |url=https://spacenews.com/nasa-performs-full-duration-sls-green-run-static-fire-test/ |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=SpaceNews |language=en-US |archive-date=27 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827095956/https://spacenews.com/nasa-performs-full-duration-sls-green-run-static-fire-test/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The core subsequently departed the [[Stennis Space Center]] on 24 April 2021, on route to the [[Kennedy Space Center]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Dunbar |first=Brian |date=29 April 2021 |title=Space Launch System Core Stage Arrives at the Kennedy Space Center |url=http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/space-launch-system-core-stage-arrives-at-the-kennedy-space-center |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507205846/http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/space-launch-system-core-stage-arrives-at-the-kennedy-space-center/ |archive-date=7 May 2021 |access-date=1 June 2021 |publisher=NASA}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
=== Assembly ===
[[File:Artemis I stack after complete platform retraction.jpg|thumb|SLS with the Orion capsule in the [[Vehicle Assembly Building]], March 2022]]
The [[Delta Cryogenic Second Stage#Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage|Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage]] was the first part of the SLS to be delivered to the Kennedy Space Center in July 2017.<ref name=":8">{{cite web |date=11 July 2017 |title=SLS Upper Stage set to take up residence in the former home of ISS modules |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2017/07/sls-upper-stage-residency-former-home-iss-modules/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807132155/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2017/07/sls-upper-stage-residency-former-home-iss-modules/ |archive-date=7 August 2020 |access-date=15 February 2020}}</ref> Three years later, all of the SLS's [[solid rocket booster]] segments were shipped by train to the Kennedy Space Center on 12 June 2020,<ref>{{cite web |last=Sloss |first=Philip |date=19 June 2020 |title=EGS begins Artemis 1 launch processing of SLS Booster hardware |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/06/artemis-1-launch-processing/ |publisher=NASASpaceFlight.com |access-date=28 May 2021 |archive-date=29 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210329080713/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/06/artemis-1-launch-processing/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and the SLS launch vehicle stage adapter (LVSA) was delivered by [[barge]] one month later on 29 July 2020.<ref name="LVSA">{{cite web |last=Sloss |first=Philip |date=5 August 2020 |title=LVSA arrives at KSC, NASA EGS readies final pre-stacking preparations for Artemis 1 |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/08/lvsa-arrives-ksc-for-artemis-1/ |publisher=NASASpaceFlight.com |access-date=28 May 2021 |archive-date=19 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519095605/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/08/lvsa-arrives-ksc-for-artemis-1/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The assembly of the SLS took place at the [[Vehicle Assembly Building]]'s High Bay 3, beginning with the placement of the two bottom solid rocket booster segments on 23 November 2020.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sloss |first=Philip |date=27 November 2020 |title=EGS, Jacobs begin vehicle integration for Artemis 1 launch |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/11/egs-jacobs-vehicle-integration-artemis-1/ |publisher=NASASpaceFlight.com |access-date=29 August 2022 |archive-date=20 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220170208/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/11/egs-jacobs-vehicle-integration-artemis-1/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Assembly of the boosters was temporarily paused due to the core stage Green Run test delays before being resumed on 7 January 2021,<ref>{{cite web |last=Sloss |first=Philip |date=4 December 2020 |title=New Artemis 1 schedule uncertainty as NASA EGS ready to continue SLS Booster stacking |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/12/artemis-1-schedule-uncertainty-sls-booster-stacking/ |publisher=NASASpaceFlight.com |access-date=28 May 2021 |archive-date=14 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814104004/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/12/artemis-1-schedule-uncertainty-sls-booster-stacking/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and the boosters' [[stacking (rocketry)|stacking]] was completed by 2 March 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sempsrott |first=Danielle |date=9 March 2021 |title=Mammoth Artemis I Rocket Boosters Stacked on Mobile Launcher |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2021/03/09/mammoth-artemis-i-rocket-boosters-stacked-on-mobile-launcher/ |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=NASA's blog |publisher=NASA |language=en-US |archive-date=25 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220825202418/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2021/03/09/mammoth-artemis-i-rocket-boosters-stacked-on-mobile-launcher/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
The SLS core stage for the mission, CS-1, arrived at the launch site on the [[Space Shuttle external tank|Pegasus barge]] on 27 April 2021 after the successful conclusion of Green Run tests. It was moved to the VAB low bay for refurbishment and stacking preparations on 29 April 2021.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sloss |first=Philip |date=6 May 2021 |title=NASA EGS, Jacobs preparing SLS Core Stage for Artemis 1 stacking |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/05/nasa-egs-jacobs-sls-artemis-1-stacking/ |publisher=NASASpaceFlight.com |access-date=28 May 2021 |archive-date=11 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611234956/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/05/nasa-egs-jacobs-sls-artemis-1-stacking/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The stage was then stacked with its boosters on 12 June 2021. The stage adapter was stacked on the Core Stage on 22 June 2021. The ICPS upper stage was stacked on 6 July 2021. Following the completion of umbilical retract testing and integrated modal testing, the Orion stage adapter with ten secondary payloads was stacked atop the upper stage on 8 October 2021.<ref>{{cite web |last=Clark |first=Stephen |date=12 October 2021 |title=Adapter structure with 10 CubeSats installed on top of Artemis moon rocket |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/10/12/adapter-structure-with-10-cubesats-installed-on-top-of-artemis-moon-rocket/ |access-date=23 October 2021 |publisher=Spaceflight Now |archive-date=22 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022041055/https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/10/12/adapter-structure-with-10-cubesats-installed-on-top-of-artemis-moon-rocket/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
The Artemis 1 Orion spacecraft began fueling and pre-launch servicing in the [[Multi-Payload Processing Facility]] on 16 January 2021, following a handover to NASA Exploration Ground Systems (EGS).<ref>{{cite web |last=Sloss |first=Philip |date=27 March 2021 |title=EGS synchronizing Artemis 1 Orion, SLS Booster preps with Core Stage schedule |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/03/egs-aligns-artemis-1-schedule/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520153617/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/03/egs-aligns-artemis-1-schedule/ |archive-date=20 May 2021 |access-date=28 May 2021 |publisher=NASASpaceFlight.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Bergin |first=Chris |date=29 March 2021 |title=Following troubled childhood, Orion trio preparing for flight |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/03/troubled-childhood-orion-trio-preparing-flight/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210402034525/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/03/troubled-childhood-orion-trio-preparing-flight/ |archive-date=2 April 2021 |access-date=28 May 2021 |publisher=NASASpaceFlight.com}}</ref> On 20 October 2021, the Orion spacecraft, encapsulated under the launch abort system and aerodynamic cover, was rolled over to the VAB and stacked atop the SLS rocket, finishing the stacking of the Artemis 1 vehicle in High Bay-3.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sloss |first=Philip |date=21 October 2021 |title=Artemis 1 Orion joins SLS to complete vehicle stack |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/10/artemis-1-stack-complete/ |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=NASASpaceFlight.com |language=en-US |archive-date=30 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230171116/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/10/artemis-1-stack-complete/ |url-status=live}}</ref> During a period of extensive integrated testing and checkouts, one of the four RS-25 engine controllers failed, requiring a replacement and delaying the first rollout of the rocket.<ref>{{cite web |date=11 November 2021 |title=EGS, Jacobs begin Artemis 1 pre-launch testing and checkout push |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/11/egs-artemis-1-testing-checkout/ |access-date=3 July 2022 |archive-date=3 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111742/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/11/egs-artemis-1-testing-checkout/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=22 December 2021 |title=Engine controller replacement details behind Artemis 1 launch delay |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/12/engine-controller-artemis-1-delay/ |access-date=3 July 2022 |archive-date=3 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111742/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/12/engine-controller-artemis-1-delay/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Launch preparations ===
[[File:Artemis 1 SLS Rollout (cropped).jpg|thumb|First rollout of SLS in March 2022; it was then rolled back in for repairs]]
On 17 March 2022, Artemis 1 rolled out of High Bay 3 from the [[Vehicle Assembly Building]] for the first time to perform a pre-launch wet dress rehearsal (WDR). The initial WDR attempt, on 3 April, was scrubbed due to a mobile launcher pressurization problem.<ref>{{cite web |title=Artemis I Wet Dress Rehearsal Scrub – Artemis |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/03/artemis-i-wet-dress-rehearsal-scrub/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111826/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/03/artemis-i-wet-dress-rehearsal-scrub/ |archive-date=3 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2022}}</ref> A second attempt to complete the test was scrubbed on 4 April, after problems with supplying gaseous nitrogen to the launch complex, liquid oxygen temperatures, and a vent valve stuck in a closed position.<ref>{{cite web |title=NASA Prepares for Next Artemis I Wet Dress Rehearsal Attempt – Artemis |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/05/nasa-prepares-for-next-artemis-i-wet-dress-rehearsal-attempt/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111828/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/05/nasa-prepares-for-next-artemis-i-wet-dress-rehearsal-attempt/ |archive-date=3 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2022}}</ref>
During preparations for a third attempt, a [[helium]] [[check valve]] on the ICPS upper stage was kept in a semi-open position by a small piece of rubber originating from one of the mobile launcher's umbilical arms, forcing test conductors to delay fueling the stage until the valve could be replaced in the VAB.<ref>{{cite web |title=Artemis I Wet Dress Rehearsal Update – Artemis |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/09/artemis-i-wet-dress-rehearsal-update/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111744/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/09/artemis-i-wet-dress-rehearsal-update/ |archive-date=3 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Artemis I Rocket, Spacecraft Prepare for Return to Launch Pad to Finish Test – Artemis |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/05/06/artemis-i-rocket-spacecraft-prepare-for-return-to-launch-pad-to-finish-test/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111831/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/05/06/artemis-i-rocket-spacecraft-prepare-for-return-to-launch-pad-to-finish-test/ |archive-date=3 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2022}}</ref> The third attempt to finish the test did not include fueling the upper stage. The rocket's liquid oxygen tank started loading successfully. However, during the loading of liquid hydrogen on the core stage, a leak was discovered on the tail service mast umbilical plate, located on the mobile launcher at the base of the rocket, forcing another early end to the test.<ref>{{cite web |title=Artemis I WDR Update: Third Test Attempt Concluded – Artemis |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/14/artemis-i-wdr-update-third-test-attempt-concluded/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111744/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/14/artemis-i-wdr-update-third-test-attempt-concluded/ |archive-date=3 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=14 April 2022 |title=NASA calls off modified Artemis 1 Wet Dress Rehearsal for hydrogen leak |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/04/sls-wdr-2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111741/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/04/sls-wdr-2/ |archive-date=3 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2022}}</ref>
NASA elected to roll the vehicle back to the VAB to repair the hydrogen leak and the ICPS helium check valve while upgrading the nitrogen supply at LC-39B after prolonged outages on the three previous wet dress rehearsals. Artemis 1 was rolled back to the VAB on 26 April.<ref>{{cite web |title=Artemis I Update: Teams Extending Current Hold, Gaseous Nitrogen Supply Reestablished – Artemis |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/14/artemis-i-update-teams-extending-current-hold-gaseous-nitrogen-supply-reestablished/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610230727/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/14/artemis-i-update-teams-extending-current-hold-gaseous-nitrogen-supply-reestablished/ |archive-date=10 June 2022 |access-date=3 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2022 |title=Artemis 1 vehicle heads back to VAB while NASA discusses what to do next |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/04/artemis-1-vab-nasa-discusses-what-next/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623193413/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/04/artemis-1-vab-nasa-discusses-what-next/ |archive-date=23 June 2022 |access-date=3 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Artemis I Moon Rocket Arrives at Vehicle Assembly Building – Artemis |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/26/artemis-i-moon-rocket-arrives-at-vehicle-assembly-building/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624221030/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/26/artemis-i-moon-rocket-arrives-at-vehicle-assembly-building/ |archive-date=24 June 2022 |access-date=3 July 2022}}</ref> After the repairs and upgrades were complete the Artemis 1 vehicle rolled out to LC-39B for a second time on 6 June to complete the test.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Josh Dinner |date=6 June 2022 |title=NASA's Artemis 1 moon rocket returns to launch pad for crucial tests |url=https://www.space.com/nasa-artemis-1-moon-rocket-returns-launch-pad-testing |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610214719/https://www.space.com/nasa-artemis-1-moon-rocket-returns-launch-pad-testing |archive-date=10 June 2022 |access-date=10 June 2022 |website=Space.com |language=en}}</ref>
During the fourth wet dress rehearsal attempt on 20 June, the rocket was fully loaded with propellant on both stages. Still, due to a hydrogen leak on the quick-disconnect connection of the tail service mast umbilical, the countdown could not reach the planned T-9.3 seconds mark and was stopped automatically at T-29 seconds. NASA mission managers soon determined they had completed almost all planned test objectives and declared the WDR campaign complete.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 June 2022 |title=NASA declares SLS countdown rehearsal complete |url=https://spacenews.com/nasa-declares-sls-countdown-rehearsal-complete/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827025343/https://spacenews.com/nasa-declares-sls-countdown-rehearsal-complete/ |archive-date=27 August 2022 |access-date=3 July 2022}}</ref>
On 2 July, the Artemis 1 stack was rolled back to the VAB for final launch preparations and to fix the hydrogen leak on the quick disconnect ahead of a launch targeted in two launch windows: 29 August and 5 September.<ref>{{cite web |title=NASA not planning another Artemis 1 countdown dress rehearsal – Spaceflight Now |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2022/06/22/nasa-not-planning-another-artemis-1-countdown-dress-rehearsal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703054811/https://spaceflightnow.com/2022/06/22/nasa-not-planning-another-artemis-1-countdown-dress-rehearsal/ |archive-date=3 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2 July 2022 |title=SLS rolled back to VAB for final launch preparations |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/07/sls-rolled-back-final-launch-preps/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111742/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/07/sls-rolled-back-final-launch-preps/ |archive-date=3 July 2022 |access-date=3 July 2022}}</ref> The SLS passed flight readiness review on 23 August, checking out five days before the first launch opportunity.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Foust |first=Jeff |date=23 August 2022 |title=Artemis 1 passes flight readiness review |url=https://spacenews.com/artemis-1-passes-flight-readiness-review/ |access-date=29 August 2022 |website=SpaceNews |language=en-US |archive-date=29 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829160343/https://spacenews.com/artemis-1-passes-flight-readiness-review/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Initial launch attempts ===
Fueling was scheduled to commence just after midnight on 29 August 2022 but was delayed an hour due to offshore storms, only beginning at 1:13 am EDT. Before the planned launch at 8:33 am, Engine 3 of the rocket's four engines was observed to be above the maximum allowable temperature limit for launch.<ref name="CNNAug29">{{cite news |last1=CNN |first1=Ashley Strickland |title=Today's Artemis I launch has been scrubbed after engine issue |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/29/world/nasa-artemis-1-launch-scn/index.html |access-date=29 August 2022 |publisher=CNN |date=29 August 2022 |archive-date=29 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829140305/https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/29/world/nasa-artemis-1-launch-scn/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=NASA Ready to Try Artemis I Again on Saturday and See What the Day Brings |url=https://spacepolicyonline.com/news/nasa-ready-to-try-artemis-i-again-on-saturday-and-see-what-the-day-brings/ |access-date=2 September 2022 |language=en-US |archive-date=3 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903145954/https://spacepolicyonline.com/news/nasa-ready-to-try-artemis-i-again-on-saturday-and-see-what-the-day-brings/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Other technical difficulties involved an eleven-minute communications delay between the spacecraft and ground control, a fuel leak, and a crack on the insulating foam of the connection joints between the liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen tanks.<ref name="CNNAug29"/><ref name="Speck 2022">{{cite web |last=Speck |first=Emilee |date=23 August 2022 |title=Artemis 1 countdown resumes for Saturday launch; weather forecast improves |url=https://www.foxweather.com/weather-news/artemis-1-launch-forecast-nasa-historic-moon-rocket-launch |access-date=3 September 2022 |website=Fox Weather |archive-date=28 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828191854/https://www.foxweather.com/weather-news/artemis-1-launch-forecast-nasa-historic-moon-rocket-launch |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author1=Tariq Malik |title=NASA calls off Artemis 1 moon rocket launch over engine cooling issue |url=https://www.space.com/artemis-1-moon-rocket-launch-scrub |access-date=29 August 2022 |work=Space.com |date=29 August 2022 |language=en |archive-date=29 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829133215/https://www.space.com/artemis-1-moon-rocket-launch-scrub |url-status=live }}</ref> NASA scrubbed the launch after an unplanned hold and the two-hour [[launch window]] expired.<ref name="IndependentLiveBlogAug29">{{cite news |author1=Anthony Cuthbertson |author2=Vishwam Sankaran |author3=Johanna Chisholm |author4=Jon Kelvey |title=Nasa scrambles to fix Moon rocket issues ahead of Artemis launch – live |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/space/artemis-launch-nasa-live-stream-watch-b2154809.html |access-date=29 August 2022 |work=The Independent |date=29 August 2022 |language=en |archive-date=29 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829160436/https://www.independent.co.uk/space/artemis-launch-nasa-live-stream-watch-b2154809.html |url-status=live }}</ref> An investigation revealed that a sensor not used to determine launch readiness was faulty, and displayed an erroneously high temperature for Engine 3.<ref name=":0" />
Following the first attempt, a second launch attempt was scheduled for the afternoon of 3 September.<ref>{{Cite web |last=CNN |first=Ashley Strickland |title=Artemis I launch team is ready for another 'try' on Saturday |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/09/01/world/nasa-artemis-1-saturday-launch-update-scn/index.html |access-date=2 September 2022 |publisher=CNN |date=2 September 2022 |archive-date=3 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903145954/https://www.cnn.com/2022/09/01/world/nasa-artemis-1-saturday-launch-update-scn/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The launch window would have opened at 2:17 pm [[Eastern Time Zone|EDT]], or 18:17 [[UTC]], and lasted for two hours.<ref name="sn-20220830">{{cite web |last=Foust |first=Jeff |url=https://spacenews.com/next-artemis-1-launch-attempt-set-for-sept-3/ |title=Next Artemis 1 launch attempt set for Sept. 3 |work=[[SpaceNews]] |date=30 August 2022 |access-date=31 August 2022 |archive-date=3 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903145954/https://spacenews.com/next-artemis-1-launch-attempt-set-for-sept-3/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The launch was scrubbed at 11:17 am due to a fuel supply line leak in a service arm connecting to the engine section.<ref name="NASA Blogs Sep32022 11:22 am">{{cite web |last1=Kraft |first1=Rachel |title=Artemis I Launch Attempt Scrubbed |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/09/03/artemis-i-launch-attempt-scrubbed/ |website=NASA blog |publisher=NASA |access-date=3 September 2022}}</ref><ref name="SN-20220903"/> The cause of the leak was uncertain. Mission operators investigated whether an overpressurization of the liquid hydrogen line of the quick-disconnect interface during the launch attempt may have damaged a seal, allowing hydrogen to escape.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Stephen |title=NASA officials evaluating late September launch dates for Artemis 1 moon mission – Spaceflight Now |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2022/09/08/nasa-officials-evaluating-late-september-launch-dates-for-artemis-1-moon-mission/ |access-date=9 September 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref>
Launch operators decided on the date for the next launch attempt; the earliest possible opportunity was 19 September<ref name="TWP-20220903">{{Cite news |last=Davenport |first=Christian |date=3 September 2022 |title=Artemis I mission faces weeks of delay after launch is scrubbed |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/09/03/artemis-launch/ |access-date=6 September 2022}}</ref><ref name="NPR-20220903">{{Cite news |last1=Greenfieldboyce |first1=Nell |last2=Hernandez |first2=Joe |date=3 September 2022 |title=NASA won't try to launch the Artemis 1 moon mission again for at least a few weeks |language=en |publisher=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/09/03/1120742884/nasa-artemis-1-launch-saturday-time-moon-mission-rocket-orion-sls |access-date=6 September 2022}}</ref><ref name="NASA-Kraft" /> until mission managers declared that 27 September, and then 30 September, would be the absolute earliest date, NASA having successfully repaired the leak.<ref name="NSF-20220908">{{cite web |last=Gebhardt|first=Chris|website=NASASpaceflight|access-date=8 September 2022| url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/09/artemis-i-update-sept8/ | title=NASA discusses path to SLS repairs as launch uncertainty looms for September, October | date=8 September 2022 }}</ref><ref name="NASA0912">{{cite web |title=NASA Adjusts Dates for Artemis I Cryogenic Demonstration Test and Launch; Progress at Pad Continues |date=September 12, 2022 |publisher=NASA |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/09/12/nasa-adjusts-dates-for-artemis-i-cryogenic-demonstration-test-and-launch-progress-at-pad-continues/}}</ref> A launch in September would have required that the [[Eastern Range]] of the [[United States Space Force]] agree to an extension on certification of the rocket's flight termination system, which destroys the rocket should it move off-course and towards a populated area;<ref name=":3" /> this was carried out on 22 September.<ref name="Zizo 2022">{{cite web | last=Zizo | first=Christie | title=NASA moves ahead with Artemis launch attempt next week with eye on weather | publisher=WKMG | date=22 September 2022 | url=https://www.clickorlando.com/news/space-news/2022/09/22/nasa-expected-to-announce-whether-artemis-i-can-launch-without-vab-rollback/ | access-date=24 September 2022}}</ref> However, unfavorable forecasts of the trajectory of then-[[Hurricane Ian|Tropical Storm Ian]] led launch managers to call off the 27 September launch attempt and begin preparations for the stack's rollback to the VAB.<ref name="NASA Ian Update 0924">{{cite web | last=Kraft|first=Rachel|title=Artemis I Managers Wave Off Sept. 27 Launch, Preparing for Rollback – Artemis | website=NASA Blogs |publisher=NASA | date=24 September 2022 | url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/09/24/artemis-i-managers-wave-off-sept-27-launch-preparing-for-rollback/ | access-date=24 September 2022}}</ref> On the morning of 26 September, the decision was made to roll back later that evening.<ref name="NASA Blogs 2022Sept26">{{Cite web |title=NASA to Roll Artemis I Rocket and Spacecraft Back to VAB Tonight – Artemis |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/09/26/nasa-to-roll-artemis-i-rocket-and-spacecraft-back-to-vab-tonight/ |access-date=26 September 2022 |website=blogs.nasa.gov |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="SN-20220927">{{cite web | last=Foust | first=Jeff | title=SLS to roll back to VAB as hurricane approaches Florida | website=SpaceNews | date=26 September 2022 | url=https://spacenews.com/sls-to-roll-back-to-vab-as-hurricane-approaches-florida/ | access-date=27 September 2022}}</ref>
On 12 November, following another delay due to [[Hurricane Nicole (2022)|Hurricane Nicole]], NASA launch managers decided to request launch opportunities for 16 and 19 November. They initially requested an opportunity for the 14th but were prevented by then-Tropical Storm Nicole.<ref name="nasa-20221108" /> As the storm approached, NASA decided to leave the rocket at the launch pad, citing a low probability that wind speeds would exceed the rocket's design limits.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/11/08/nasa-prepares-rocket-spacecraft-ahead-of-tropical-storm-nicole-re-targets-launch/|title=NASA Prepares Rocket, Spacecraft Ahead of Tropical Storm Nicole, Re-targets Launch|date=8 November 2022|access-date=10 November 2022|publisher=[[NASA]]}}</ref> Wind speeds were expected to reach {{cvt|29|mph|km/h}}, with gusts up to {{cvt|46|mph|km/h}}. Nicole made landfall as a category one hurricane on 9 November, with sustained wind speeds at Kennedy Space Center reaching {{cvt|85|mph|km/h}}, and gusts up to {{cvt|100|mph|km/h}}, exceeding the rocket's design specifications. After the storm cleared, NASA inspected the rocket for physical damage and conducted electronic health checks.<ref name="NASA Nicole Update 1111">{{cite web | title=Teams Conduct Check-outs, Preparations Ahead of Next Artemis I Launch Attempt – Artemis | website=NASA Blogs |publisher=NASA | date=11 November 2022 | url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/11/11/teams-conduct-check-outs-preparations-ahead-of-next-artemis-i-launch-attempt/ | access-date=12 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/11/10/world/artemis-1-rocket-hurricane-nicole-scn/index.html|title=NASA inspects Artemis I rocket after Hurricane Nicole|date=10 November 2022|access-date=10 November 2022|first1=Kristin|last1=Fisher|first2=Jackie|last2=Wattles|publisher=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Artemis I endures 100 mph gust on launch pad during Nicole landfall|first=Richard|last=Tribou|work=Orlando Sentinel|date=10 November 2022|url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/space/artemis/os-bz-nasa-artemis-i-launch-pad-tower-records-100-mph-gust-hurricane-nicole-20221110-chmzzpybo5dnto3st4huufeple-story.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111034143/https://www.orlandosentinel.com/space/artemis/os-bz-nasa-artemis-i-launch-pad-tower-records-100-mph-gust-hurricane-nicole-20221110-chmzzpybo5dnto3st4huufeple-story.html|archive-date=11 November 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 15 November, the mission management team gave a "go" to begin fully preparing for launch, and the main tanking procedures began at 3:30 pm EST (8:30 pm UTC).<ref name="NASA-20221114 countdown begins">{{cite web |last=Kraft|first=Rachel| title=Managers Give "Go" to Proceed Toward Launch, Countdown Progressing – Artemis | website=NASA Blogs |publisher=NASA | date=14 November 2022 | url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/11/14/managers-give-go-to-proceed-toward-launch-countdown-progressing/ | access-date=15 November 2022}}</ref>
==Flight==
===Launch===
[[File:Launch of Artemis 1 (NHQ202211160005).jpg|thumb|Launch of Artemis 1]]
At 1:47:44 am EST (6:47:44 UTC) on November 16, 2022, Artemis 1 successfully launched from [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39B|Launch Complex 39B]] at the [[Kennedy Space Center]], the first time in nearly 50 years [[NASA]] has launched a rocket intended for human travel to the moon, the last time being [[Apollo 17]].<ref name="reuters 1">{{Cite news |last1=Roulette |first1=Joey |last2=Gorman |first2=Steve |date=16 November 2022 |title=NASA's next-generation Artemis mission heads to moon on debut test flight |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/science/nasas-artemis-moon-rocket-begins-fueling-debut-launch-2022-11-15/ |access-date=16 November 2022}}</ref> This launch also marks the first time since [[Ares I-X]] that a rocket has launched from Launch Complex 39B. The [[Orion (spacecraft)|Orion spacecraft]] and [[Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage|ICPS]] were both placed into a nominal orbit after separating from the [[Space Launch System]], achieving orbit approximately 8 minutes after launch.<ref name="auto"/>
===Lunar orbit===
[[File:Orion and Earth (art001e000095).jpg|thumb|Earth viewed from the Orion spacecraft after [[Trans-lunar injection|TLI]]]]
[[File:Distant view of the Moon, Artemis 1.jpg|thumb|The Moon, as seen from the Orion spacecraft, on the fourth day of the mission]]
Eighty-nine minutes after liftoff, the ICPS fired for approximately eighteen minutes for a trans-lunar injection (TLI) burn. After that, Orion separated from the expended stage and fired its auxiliary thrusters to move safely away as it started its journey to the Moon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/11/16/orion-on-its-way-to-the-moon/|title=Orion on Its Way to the Moon – Artemis|website=blogs.nasa.gov}}</ref> The ICPS then deployed 10 [[CubeSat|CubeSats]] as secondary payloads from the Orion Stage Adapter.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davenport |first=Justin |date=2022-11-16 |title=Artemis I releases 10 cubesats, including a Moon lander, for technology and research |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/11/artemis-i-cubesats/ |access-date=2022-11-18 |website=NASASpaceFlight.com |language=en-US}}</ref> A final burn was completed at three and a half hours after launch to dispose itself into a [[heliocentric orbit]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gebhardt |first=Chris |last2=Burghardt |first2=Thomas |date=2022-11-16 |title=SLS makes successful debut flight, sending Artemis I to the Moon |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/11/artemis-i-launch-nov/ |access-date=2022-11-18 |website=NASASpaceFlight.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
On the fifth day of flight, November 20, 2022 at 1:09 p.m. CST, the Orion spacecraft entered the Lunar [[Sphere of influence (astrodynamics)|sphere of influence]], thus the Moon's gravitational force became stronger than Earth's relative to the spacecraft.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Artemis I – Flight Day Five: Orion Enters Lunar Sphere of Influence Ahead of Lunar Flyby – Artemis |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/11/20/artemis-i-flight-day-five-orion-enters-lunar-sphere-of-influence-ahead-of-lunar-flyby/ |access-date=2022-11-21 |website=blogs.nasa.gov |language=en-US}}</ref>
On November 21, 2022, Orion [[Line-of-sight propagation|lost communication with NASA as it passed behind the Moon]] from 7:25 a.m. EST through 7:59 a.m. Therefore, during an [[AI]]-controlled maneuver, the first of a pair of trajectory-altering burns, called "outbound powered flyby burn(s)",<ref>{{Cite web |title=Artemis I – Flight Day Five: Orion Enters Lunar Sphere of Influence Ahead of Lunar Flyby – Artemis |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/11/20/artemis-i-flight-day-five-orion-enters-lunar-sphere-of-influence-ahead-of-lunar-flyby/ |access-date=2022-11-21 |website=blogs.nasa.gov |language=en-US}}</ref> to transition Orion to a [[distant retrograde orbit]] began at 7:44 a.m. EST. The orbital maneuvering system engine fired for two minutes and thirty seconds. While still autonomous, Orion made its closest lunar approach of approximately {{cvt|81|nmi|km|order=flip}} above the surface at 7:57 a.m.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheshier |first=Leah |date=2022-11-19 |title=Artemis I – Flight Day Four: Testing WiFi Signals, Radiator System, GO for Outbound Powered Flyby |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/11/19/artemis-i-flight-day-four-testing-wifi-signals-radiator-system-go-for-outbound-powered-flyby/ |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=nasa.gov |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheshier |first=Leah |date=2022-11-21 |title=Orion Successfully Completes Lunar Flyby, Re-acquires Signal with Earth |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/11/21/orion-successfully-completes-lunar-flyby-re-acquires-signal-with-earth/ |access-date=2022-11-21 |website=nasa.gov |language=en-US}}</ref> The spacecraft will perform the second and final outbound powered flyby burn on November 25.
== Payloads ==
[[File:AstroRad NASA.jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|[[StemRad#AstroRad|AstroRad]] vest on the [[International Space Station]]|left]]
The Orion spacecraft is carrying three astronaut-like mannequins equipped with sensors to provide data on what crew members may experience during a trip to the Moon.<ref>{{cite news |last=Pasztor |first=Andy |date=17 April 2018 |title=U.S., Israeli Space Agencies Join Forces to Protect Astronauts From Radiation |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-israeli-space-agencies-join-forces-to-protect-astronauts-from-radiation-1523969713 |access-date=21 June 2018 |archive-date=29 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829041818/https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-israeli-space-agencies-join-forces-to-protect-astronauts-from-radiation-1523969713 |url-status=live}}</ref> The first mannequin, called "Captain Moonikin Campos" (named after [[Arturo Campos]], a NASA engineer during the [[Apollo program]]),<ref name="planetarysoclaunchguide">{{cite web |title=Artemis I launch guide: What to expect |url=https://www.planetary.org/articles/artemis-i-launch-guide |access-date=9 August 2022 |website=The Planetary Society |archive-date=9 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809143738/https://www.planetary.org/articles/artemis-i-launch-guide |url-status=live}}</ref> occupies the commander's seat inside Orion and is equipped with two radiation sensors in his Orion Crew Survival System suit, which astronauts will wear during launch, entry, and other dynamic phases of their missions. The commander's seat also has sensors to record acceleration and vibration data during the mission.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Purposeful Passengers Hitch a Ride on NASA's Artemis I Mission |url=https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/purposeful-passengers-hitch-a-ride-on-nasa-s-artemis-i-mission |publisher=NASA |date=15 August 2022 |access-date=28 August 2022 |archive-date=15 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815163346/https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/purposeful-passengers-hitch-a-ride-on-nasa-s-artemis-i-mission/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
Alongside Moonikin are two phantom torsos: Helga and Zohar, who will take part in the Matroshka AstroRad Radiation Experiment (MARE), in which NASA, together with the [[German Aerospace Center]] and the [[Israel Space Agency]], will measure the radiation exposure during the mission. Zohar is shielded with the [[StemRad#AstroRad|Astrorad radiation vest]] and equipped with sensors to determine radiation risks. Helga does not wear a vest. The phantoms will measure the radiation exposure of body location, with both passive and active [[dosimeter]]s distributed at sensitive and high [[stem cell]]-concentration tissues.<ref name="Phantoms">{{cite conference |last=Berger |first=Thomas |title=Exploration Missions and Radiation |url=https://ispcs.com/wp-content/uploads/Thomas-Berger-ISPCS-2017-FINAL-1.compressed.pdf |conference=International Symposium for Personal and Commercial Spaceflight |date=11–12 October 2017 |location=Las Cruces, New Mexico |publisher=ISPCS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622073114/https://ispcs.com/wp-content/uploads/Thomas-Berger-ISPCS-2017-FINAL-1.compressed.pdf |archive-date=22 June 2018 |access-date=22 June 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The test is to provide data on radiation levels during missions to the Moon while testing the effectiveness of the vest.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Orion "Passengers" on Artemis I to Test Radiation Vest for Deep Space Missions |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/orion-passengers-on-artemis-i-to-test-radiation-vest-for-deep-space-missions |publisher=NASA |date=13 February 2020 |access-date=28 August 2022 |archive-date=19 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719041636/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/orion-passengers-on-artemis-i-to-test-radiation-vest-for-deep-space-missions/ |url-status=live}}</ref> In addition to the three mannequins, Orion carries NASA's [[Snoopy]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Warner |first1=Cheryl |date=12 November 2021 |title=Snoopy to Fly on NASA's Artemis I Moon Mission |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/snoopy-to-fly-on-nasas-artemis-i-moon-mission |access-date=9 August 2022 |publisher=NASA |archive-date=10 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810023235/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/snoopy-to-fly-on-nasas-artemis-i-moon-mission/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and ESA's [[Shaun the Sheep]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shaun the Sheep to fly on Artemis I lunar mission |url=https://www.aardman.com/latest-news/shaun-the-sheep-esa-artemis-i |website=aardman.com |access-date=8 August 2022 |archive-date=8 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808102630/https://www.aardman.com/latest-news/shaun-the-sheep-esa-artemis-i |url-status=live}}</ref>
Besides these functional payloads, Artemis 1 also carries commemorative stickers, patches, seeds, and flags from contractors and space agencies worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Artemis I Official Flight Kit |url=https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/artemis_i_official_flight_kit.pdf |publisher=NASA |access-date=27 August 2022 |archive-date=17 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817105322/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/artemis_i_official_flight_kit.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> A technology demonstration called Callisto, named after [[Callisto (mythology)|the mythical figure]] associated with Artemis, developed by Lockheed Martin in collaboration with [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] and [[Cisco]], is also in flight aboard Orion on Artemis 1. Callisto will use video conferencing software to transmit audio and video from mission control and use the [[Amazon Alexa|Alexa]] virtual assistant to respond to the audio messages. In addition, the public can submit messages to be displayed on Callisto during the Artemis 1 mission.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 August 2022 |title=How to send a message into space aboard Artemis I |url=https://www.9news.com/article/tech/science/nasa-artemis-launch-callisto-space-project/73-393296a7-bd81-400e-9da3-c79c8f19a9f9 |access-date=2 September 2022 |website=KUSA.com |language=en-US |archive-date=3 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903145955/https://www.9news.com/article/tech/science/nasa-artemis-launch-callisto-space-project/73-393296a7-bd81-400e-9da3-c79c8f19a9f9 |url-status=live }}</ref>
===Cubesats===
[[File:ARTEMIS-1 (CUBESATS).jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|right|Orion spacecraft's stage adapter with nine out of ten CubeSats installed]]
Ten low-cost [[CubeSat]] missions fly as [[secondary payload]]s.<ref name=":5" /> They are in six-unit configurations<ref>{{cite web |last=Foust |first=Jeff |date=8 August 2019 |title=NASA seeking proposals for cubesats on second SLS launch |url=https://spacenews.com/nasa-seeking-proposals-for-cubesats-on-second-sls-launch/ |access-date=29 August 2020 |publisher=SpaceNews |quote=Unlike Artemis 1, which will fly six-unit cubesats only... |archive-date=27 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827025343/https://spacenews.com/nasa-seeking-proposals-for-cubesats-on-second-sls-launch/ |url-status=live}}</ref> and reside within the Stage Adapter, above the second stage. Two were selected through NASA's [[Next Space Technologies for Exploration Partnerships]], three through the Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate, two through the [[Science Mission Directorate]], and three from submissions by NASA's international partners.<ref name="AdapterInstalled">{{Cite journal |last=Latifiyan |first=Pouya |date=August 2022 |title=Artemis 1 and space communications |journal=Qoqnoos Scientific Magazine |page=3}}</ref> These CubeSats are:<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Stephen |date=12 October 2021 |title=Adapter structure with 10 CubeSats installed on top of Artemis moon rocket |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/10/12/adapter-structure-with-10-cubesats-installed-on-top-of-artemis-moon-rocket/ |access-date=25 August 2022 |website=Spaceflight Now |language=en-US |archive-date=12 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211012150642/https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/10/12/adapter-structure-with-10-cubesats-installed-on-top-of-artemis-moon-rocket/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[ArgoMoon]], designed by [[Argotec]] and coordinated by the [[Italian Space Agency]], is designed to image the Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage.
* [[BioSentinel]] contains [[yeast]] cards that will be rehydrated in space, designed to detect, measure, and compare the [[Health threat from cosmic rays|effects of deep space radiation]].
* [[CubeSat for Solar Particles]], designed by the [[Southwest Research Institute]], will orbit the Sun in [[interplanetary space]] and study its [[Solar energetic particles|particles]] and [[Sun#Magnetic field|magnetic fields]].
* [[EQUULEUS]], designed by Japan's [[JAXA]] and the [[University of Tokyo]], will image the Earth's [[plasmasphere]], impact craters on the [[Far side of the Moon|Moon's far side]], and small trajectory maneuvers near the Moon.
* [[Lunar IceCube]], a lunar orbiter designed by [[Morehead State University]], will use its [[Infrared spectroscopy|infrared spectrometer]] to detect water and organic compounds in the [[lunar surface]] and [[Atmosphere of the Moon|exosphere]].
* [[Lunar Polar Hydrogen Mapper]] ("LunaH-Map"), selected by the NASA [[Small Innovative Missions for Planetary Exploration |SIMPLEx program]],<ref name="simplex-2015">NASA, [https://nspires.nasaprs.com/external/viewrepositorydocument/cmdocumentid=478898/solicitationId=%7B1DDABD1B-6261-1D15-874A-67BB42357C3A%7D/viewSolicitationDocument=1/SIMPLEx14%20Selections_Abstracts.pdf Small Innovative Missions for Planetary Exploration Program Abstracts of selected proposals], August 8, 2015. Retrieved Nov. 17, 2022.</ref> a lunar orbiter designed by [[Arizona State University]], will search for evidence of [[Lunar water|lunar water ice]] inside [[permanently shadowed crater]]s using its neutron detector.
* [[Near-Earth Asteroid Scout]], designed by NASA's [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]], is a [[solar sail]] that will flyby a [[near-Earth asteroid]].
* [[OMOTENASHI]], designed by [[JAXA]], is a lunar probe attempting to land using [[solid rocket motor]]s.
* [[LunIR]], designed by Lockheed Martin, is to fly by the Moon and collect its surface [[Infrared spectroscopy|thermography]].
* [[Team Miles]], designed by Fluid and Reason LLC, will demonstrate [[Plasma propulsion engine|low-thrust plasma propulsion]] in deep space.
Another three CubeSats were originally planned to launch on Artemis 1 but missed the integration deadline, and will have to find alternative flights to the Moon. The stage adapter contains thirteen CubeSat deployers in total.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Anderson |first1=Gina |last2=Porter |first2=Molly |date=8 June 2017 |title=Three DIY CubeSats Score Rides on NASA's First Flight of Orion, Space Launch System |url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/three-diy-cubesats-score-rides-on-nasa-s-first-flight-of-orion-space-launch-system |publisher=NASA |access-date=10 June 2017 |archive-date=6 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806051921/https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/three-diy-cubesats-score-rides-on-nasa-s-first-flight-of-orion-space-launch-system/ |url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
* [[Cislunar Explorers]] would demonstrate the viability of [[water electrolysis]] propulsion and interplanetary optical navigation to orbit the Moon. It was designed by [[Cornell University]], Ithaca, New York<!-- DO NOT LINK, see [[MOS:GEOLINK]] for further guidance -->.<ref name="ss-202110032">{{cite web |last=Ohana |first=Lavie |date=3 October 2021 |title=Four Artemis I CubeSats miss their ride |url=https://www.spacescout.info/2021/10/four-artemis-i-cubesats-miss-their-ride/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417061728/https://www.spacescout.info/2021/10/four-artemis-i-cubesats-miss-their-ride/ |archive-date=17 April 2022 |access-date=6 October 2021 |publisher=Space Scout}}</ref>
* [[Lunar Flashlight]] is a lunar orbiter that would seek exposed water ice and map its concentration at the {{cvt|1|-|2|km}} scale within the permanently shadowed regions of the [[lunar south pole]].<ref name="SSERVI Flash2015">{{cite web |year=2015 |title=Lunar Flashlight |url=http://sservi.nasa.gov/articles/lunar-flashlight/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913141407/http://sservi.nasa.gov/articles/lunar-flashlight/ |archive-date=13 September 2016 |access-date=23 May 2015 |work=Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute |publisher=NASA}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="RPMWall">{{cite news |last=Wall |first=Mike |date=9 October 2014 |title=NASA Is Studying How to Mine the Moon for Water |publisher=Space.com |url=http://www.space.com/27388-nasa-moon-mining-missions-water.html |url-status=live |access-date=23 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111013713/http://www.space.com/27388-nasa-moon-mining-missions-water.html |archive-date=11 November 2016}}</ref> Remanifested on Hakuto-R Mission 1 on a Falcon 9.<ref name="nasa-20221028">{{cite web |date=28 October 2022 |title=NASA’s Lunar Flashlight Ready to Search for the Moon’s Water Ice |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/nasa-s-lunar-flashlight-ready-to-search-for-the-moon-s-water-ice/ |access-date=29 October 2022 |work=[[NASA]]}}</ref>
* [[Earth Escape Explorer]] would demonstrate long-distance communications while in [[heliocentric orbit]]. It was designed by the [[University of Colorado Boulder]].<ref name="ss-202110032" />
== Media outreach ==
[[File:Artemis 1 Boarding-pass.jpg|thumb|Sample souvenir boarding pass for those who registered their names to be flown aboard the Artemis 1 mission]]The Artemis 1 [[mission patch]] was created by NASA designers of the SLS, Orion spacecraft and [[Exploration Ground Systems]] teams. The silver border represents the color of the Orion spacecraft; at the center, the SLS and Orion are depicted. Three lightning towers surrounding the rocket symbolize Launch Complex 39B, from which Artemis 1 will launch. The red and blue mission trajectories encompassing the white full Moon represent Americans and people in the European Space Agency who work on Artemis 1.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hambleton |first=Kathryn |date=16 January 2018 |title=Artemis 1 Identifier |url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/artemis-1-identifier |access-date=24 August 2022 |publisher=NASA |archive-date=5 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220805172711/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/artemis-1-identifier/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
The Artemis 1 flight is frequently marketed as the beginning of Artemis's "Moon to Mars" program,<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 August 2022 |title=How NASA's Artemis program plans to return astronauts to the moon |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/how-nasas-artemis-program-plans-to-return-astronauts-to-the-moon |access-date=25 August 2022 |website=Science |language=en |archive-date=24 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824113854/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/how-nasas-artemis-program-plans-to-return-astronauts-to-the-moon |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Northon |first=Karen |date=26 September 2018 |title=NASA Unveils Sustainable Campaign to Return to Moon, on to Mars |url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-unveils-sustainable-campaign-to-return-to-moon-on-to-mars |access-date=25 August 2022 |publisher=NASA |archive-date=7 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707064351/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-unveils-sustainable-campaign-to-return-to-moon-on-to-mars/ |url-status=live}}</ref> though there is no concrete plan for a crewed mission to Mars within NASA as of 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2022 |title=Nasa's Artemis moon mission explained |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/space/artemis-1-moon-mission-nasa-explained-b2151469.html |access-date=25 August 2022 |website=The Independent |language=en |archive-date=25 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220825104847/https://www.independent.co.uk/space/artemis-1-moon-mission-nasa-explained-b2151469.html |url-status=live}}</ref> To raise public awareness, NASA made a website for the public to get a digital boarding pass of the mission. The names submitted are written into a hard drive inside the Orion spacecraft.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marples |first=Megan |date=11 March 2022 |title=NASA will send your name around the moon. Here's how to sign up |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/11/world/nasa-name-submission-artemis-i-mission-scn/index.html |access-date=24 August 2022 |publisher=CNN |archive-date=24 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824125217/https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/11/world/nasa-name-submission-artemis-i-mission-scn/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wall |first=Mike |date=3 March 2022 |title=Your name can fly around the moon on NASA's Artemis 1 mission |url=https://www.space.com/fly-name-around-moon-nasa-artemis-1-mission |access-date=24 August 2022 |website=Space.com |language=en |archive-date=24 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824125216/https://www.space.com/fly-name-around-moon-nasa-artemis-1-mission |url-status=live}}</ref> Also aboard the capsule is a digital copy of the 14,000 entries for the Moon Pod Essay Contest hosted by Future Engineers for NASA.<ref>{{cite web |title=Future Engineers: Moon Pod Essay Contest |url=https://www.futureengineers.org/artemismoonpodessay |url-status=live |access-date=24 March 2021 |archive-date=26 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326131113/https://www.futureengineers.org/artemismoonpodessay/}}</ref>
== See also ==
* [[List of Artemis missions]]
== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note}}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
{{Commons}}
* {{Official website}}
* {{YouTube|OZvDAAI_JM0|Simulation of Artemis 1 Launch and CubeSat Deployment}}
* [https://www.nasa.gov/specials/trackartemis/ Artemis Real-time Orbit Website], NASA
{{Artemis program}}
{{Orion program}}
{{Moon spacecraft}}
{{Orbital launches in 2022}}
{{Portal bar|Spaceflight}}
[[Category:Spacecraft launched in 2022]]
[[Category:2022 in Florida]]
[[Category:Artemis program]]
[[Category:Orion (spacecraft)]]
[[Category:Space Launch System]]
[[Category:Missions to the Moon]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff ) | '@@ -1,18 +1,6 @@
-{{Short description|Uncrewed Moon-orbiting mission by NASA; first test flight of the Space Launch System}}
-{{Redirect|EM-1|other uses|EM1 (disambiguation)}}
-{{Current spaceflight|article|2022|date=November 2022}}
-{{Use American English|date=November 2022}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
-{{Infobox spaceflight
-| name = Artemis 1
-| names_list = {{Plainlist|
-* Artemis I (official)
-* Exploration Mission-1 (EM-1) (former)
-}}
-| image = NASA_Artemis_1_Launch.jpg
-| image_caption = The [[Space Launch System|SLS]] rocket launches Artemis 1 from Kennedy Space Center's [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39B|LC-39B]]
+{{nw jkqfn vkjbqgvbfvvnjfv| image_caption = The [[Space Launch System|SLS]] rocket launches Artemis 1 from Kennedy Space Center's [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39B|LC-39B]]
| image_size = 300px
| mission_type = Uncrewed lunar orbital test flight
-| operator = [[NASA]]
+| operator = [[NASA]]zfbgbbssgsgsg
| COSPAR_ID = [https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2022-156A 2022-156A]
| SATCAT = 54257
@@ -63,5 +51,5 @@
<!--Best not to include prior planned dates, the context of delays is better saved for the History section, also please keep infobox and main content consistent with each other, especially regarding dates with references-->
-Formerly known as '''Exploration Mission-1''' ('''EM-1'''),<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Hambleton |first=Kathryn |date=20 February 2018 |title=Artemis I Overview |url=http://www.nasa.gov/content/artemis-i-overview |access-date=24 August 2022 |publisher=NASA |archive-date=17 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817053946/https://www.nasa.gov/content/artemis-i-overview/ |url-status=live }}</ref> the mission was given its current name following the creation of the Artemis program. The mission lifted off from [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39B|Launch Complex 39B]] at the [[Kennedy Space Center]] aboard the Space Launch System rocket. The [[Orion (spacecraft)|Orion spacecraft]] has been launched on a mission of 25 days<ref>{{Cite web |title=Artemis 1 Presskit |url=https://www.nasa.gov/specials/artemis-i-press-kit/img/Artemis%20I_Press%20Kit.pdf}}</ref>. After reaching Earth orbit and performing a [[trans-lunar injection]] (burn to the Moon), the mission deployed ten [[CubeSat]] satellites. The Orion spacecraft has completed one flyby of the Moon, on 21 November, and will enter a [[distant retrograde orbit]] for six days with a planned second flyby on 25 November.<ref name="SlossWindows">{{Cite web |last=Sloss |first=Philip |date=1 November 2021 |title=Inside Artemis 1's complex launch windows and constraints |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/11/artemis-1-launch-periods/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225131417/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/11/artemis-1-launch-periods/ |archive-date=25 March 2022 |access-date=25 March 2022 |website=NASASpaceflight.com}}</ref> The Orion spacecraft will then return and [[Atmospheric entry|reenter the Earth's atmosphere]] with the protection of its heat shield and splash down in the Pacific Ocean. The mission aims to certify Orion and the Space Launch System for crewed flights beginning with [[Artemis 2]].<ref name="SFN20200518">{{cite web|last=Clark|first=Stephen|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/05/18/nasa-will-likely-add-a-rendezvous-test-to-the-first-piloted-orion-space-mission/|title=NASA will likely add a rendezvous test to the first piloted Orion space mission|publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=18 May 2020|access-date=19 May 2020|archive-date=8 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708065618/https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/05/18/nasa-will-likely-add-a-rendezvous-test-to-the-first-piloted-orion-space-mission/|url-status=live}}</ref> After the Artemis 1 mission, Artemis 2 is scheduled to perform a crewed lunar flyby and [[Artemis 3]] a crewed lunar landing, five decades after the [[Apollo 17|last lunar Apollo mission]].
+bivbtrulvhnrtuovjnrfkvnjgrv fdvafvfvefv
The Orion spacecraft for Artemis 1 was [[stacking (rocketry)|stacked]] on 20 October 2021,<ref name="Oct20">{{cite web |date=23 October 2021 |title=NASA Fully Stacked for Moon Mission, Readies for Artemis I |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-fully-stacked-for-moon-mission-readies-for-artemis-i |access-date=17 November 2022 |publisher=NASA |url-status=live }} {{PD-notice}}</ref> marking the first time a [[Super heavy-lift launch vehicle|super-heavy-lift vehicle]] has been stacked inside NASA's [[Vehicle Assembly Building]] (VAB) since the final [[Saturn V]] in 1973. On 17 August 2022, the fully stacked vehicle was rolled out for launch after a series of delays caused by difficulties in pre-flight testing. The first two launch attempts were canceled due to a faulty engine temperature reading on 29 August 2022 and a hydrogen leak during fueling on 3 September 2022, respectively.<ref name="SN-20220903">{{cite web | last=Foust | first=Jeff | title=Second Artemis 1 launch attempt scrubbed | website=SpaceNews | date=3 September 2022 | url=https://spacenews.com/second-artemis-1-launch-attempt-scrubbed/ | access-date=4 September 2022}}</ref>
@@ -70,9 +58,9 @@
{{See also|Orion (spacecraft)|Space Launch System}}[[File:Artemis I map October 2021.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Summary of the Artemis I mission|left]]
-Artemis 1 was launched on the Block 1 variant of the [[Space Launch System]].<ref name=":2" /> The Block 1 vehicle consists of a core stage, two five-segment [[solid rocket booster]]s (SRBs) and an upper stage. The core stage uses four [[RS-25]]D engines, all of which have previously flown on [[Space Shuttle]] missions. The core and boosters together produce {{cvt|39000|kN}}, or about 4,000 metric tons of thrust at liftoff. The upper stage, known as the [[Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage]] (ICPS), is based on the [[Delta Cryogenic Second Stage]] and is powered by a single [[RL10|RL10B-2]] engine on the Artemis 1 mission.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harbaugh |first=Jennifer |date=13 December 2021 |title=Space Launch System |url=http://www.nasa.gov/exploration/systems/sls/fs/sls.html |access-date=9 November 2022 |publisher=NASA}}</ref>
+bivbtrulvhnrtuovjnrfkvnjgrv fdvafvfvefv
Once in orbit, the ICPS fired its engine to perform a [[trans-lunar injection]] (TLI) burn, which placed the Orion spacecraft and ten [[CubeSat]]s on a trajectory to the Moon. Orion then separated from the ICPS and continued its coast into lunar space. Following Orion separation, the ICPS Stage Adapter deployed ten CubeSats that will conduct scientific research and perform technology demonstrations.<ref name="nasa-20211004">{{cite web|url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2021/10/04/all-artemis-i-secondary-payloads-installed-in-rockets-orion-stage-adapter/|title=All Artemis I Secondary Payloads Installed in Rocket's Orion Stage Adapter|last=Harbaugh|first=Jennifer|publisher=NASA|date=4 October 2021|access-date=6 October 2021|archive-date=15 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715195933/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2021/10/04/all-artemis-i-secondary-payloads-installed-in-rockets-orion-stage-adapter/|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
-The Orion spacecraft will spend approximately three weeks in space, including six days in a [[distant retrograde orbit]] (DRO) around the Moon.<ref name="Nov15">{{cite web |date=27 November 2015 |title=The Ins and Outs of NASA's First Launch of SLS and Orion |url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/the-ins-and-outs-of-nasa-s-first-launch-of-sls-and-orion |access-date=3 May 2016 |publisher=NASA |archive-date=22 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222201819/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/the-ins-and-outs-of-nasa-s-first-launch-of-sls-and-orion |url-status=live }} {{PD-notice}}</ref> It will come within approximatly {{cvt|80|nmi|km|order=flip}} of the Lunar surface (closest approach)<ref name="NASA_20221120"/> and its maximum distance from Earth will be {{Cvt|298,565|mi|km|order=flip}}.<ref name="NasaLaunchPressKit" />
+The Orion spacecraft will spend approximately three weeks in space, including six days in a [[distant retrograde orbit]] (DRO) around the Moon.<ref name="Nov15">{{cite web |date=27 November 2015 |title=The Ins and Outs of NASA's First Launch of SLS and Orion |url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/the-ins-and-outs-of-nasa-s-first-launch-of-sls-and-orion |access-date=3 May 2016 |publisher=NASA |archive-date=22 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222201819/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/the-ins-and-outs-of-nasa-s-first-launch-of-sls-and-orion |url-status=live }} {{PD-notice}}</ref> It will come within approximatly {{cvt|80|nmi|km|order=flip}} of the Lunar surface (closest approach)<ref name="NASA_20221120"/> and its maximum distance from Earth will be {{Cvt|298,565|mi|km|order=flip}}.<ref name="NasaLaunchPressKit" />bivbtrulvhnrtuovjnrfkvnjgrv fdvafvfvefv
[[File:Block 1 70t Crew Expanded View.jpg|thumb|Block 1 variant of SLS rocket]]
@@ -150,5 +138,5 @@
|}
-=== Mission profile animation ===
+=== bivbtrulvhnrtuovjnrfkvnjgrv fdvafvfvefv ===
{|
|-
@@ -167,7 +155,7 @@
|}
-== Background ==
+== bivbtrulvhnrtuovjnrfkvnjgrv fdvafvfvefv ==
[[File:Artist Concept - Space Launch System in Flight.jpg|thumb|Early illustration of the SLS launch, December 2011]]
-Artemis 1 was outlined by NASA as Exploration Mission 1 (EM-1) in 2012, at which point it was set to launch in 2017<ref name="nsf-20120229">{{cite web |last1=Bergin |first1=Chris |title=Exploration Mission 1: SLS and Orion mission to the Moon outlined |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2012/02/exploration-mission-1-sls-orion-debut-mission-moon-outlined/ |website=NASASpaceFlight.com |publisher=NASASpaceFlight |access-date=3 September 2022 |date=29 February 2012 |archive-date=24 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824104014/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2012/02/exploration-mission-1-sls-orion-debut-mission-moon-outlined/ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{refn|group=note|The Space Launch System was originally mandated by Congress in the [[NASA Authorization Act of 2010]] to be ready for flight before the end of 2016.<ref name="Senate version of PL-111267">{{cite web | last=Rockefeller | first=Jay | title=S.3729 – 111th Congress (2009–2010): National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 | website=Congress.gov | publisher=Library of Congress | date=5 August 2010 | url=http://www.congress.gov/ | access-date=3 September 2022 | archive-date=29 May 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529051531/https://www.congress.gov/ | url-status=live }}</ref>}} as the first planned flight of the [[Space Launch System]] and the second uncrewed test flight of the [[Orion (spacecraft)|Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle]]. The initial plans for EM-1 called for a [[circumlunar trajectory]] during a seven-day mission.<ref name=HEOC201203>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/630149main_5-Hill_SLS%20MPCV%20GSDO_508.pdf|title=Exploration Systems Development Status|last=Hill|first=Bill|date=March 2012|publisher=NASA Advisory Council|access-date=21 July 2012|archive-date=11 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211204753/https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/630149main_5-Hill_SLS|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="fiso20120425">{{cite web |last=Singer |first=Jody |date=25 April 2012 |title=Status of NASA's Space Launch System |url=http://spirit.as.utexas.edu/~fiso/telecon/Singer_4-25-12/Singer_4-25-12.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131218151106/http://spirit.as.utexas.edu/~fiso/telecon/Singer_4-25-12/Singer_4-25-12.pdf |archive-date=18 December 2013 |access-date=5 August 2012 |publisher=University of Texas}}</ref>
+bivbtrulvhnrtuovjnrfkvnjgrv fdvafvfvefv
In January 2013 it was announced that the Orion spacecraft's [[service module]] was to be built by the [[European Space Agency]] and named the [[European Service Module]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 January 2013 |title=NASA Signs Agreement for a European-Provided Orion Service Module |url=http://www.nasa.gov/exploration/systems/mpcv/orion_feature_011613.html |access-date=24 August 2022 |publisher=NASA |language=en |archive-date=28 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328093836/http://www.nasa.gov/exploration/systems/mpcv/orion_feature_011613.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In mid-November 2014 construction of the SLS core stage began at NASA's [[Michoud Assembly Facility]] (MAF).<ref>{{cite web |title=SLS Engine Section Barrel Hot off the Vertical Weld Center at Michoud |url=http://www.nasa.gov/sls/14-171.html#.VGfrNb4_ypc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141119072126/http://www.nasa.gov/sls/14-171.html#.VGfrNb4_ypc |archive-date=19 November 2014 |access-date=16 November 2014 |publisher=NASA}}</ref> In January 2015 NASA and [[Lockheed Martin]] announced that the primary structure in the Orion spacecraft used on Artemis 1 would be up to 25% lighter compared to the previous one (EFT-1). This would be achieved by reducing the number of cone panels from six (EFT-1) to three (EM-1), reducing the total number of welds from 19 to 7<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.waaytv.com/space_alabama/orion-program-manager-talks-eft--in-huntsville/article_17894640-9b43-11e4-b731-1feb498f3882.html|title=Orion program manager talks EFT-1 in Huntsville|last=Barrett|first=Josh|date=13 January 2015|access-date=14 January 2015|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150118121313/http://www.waaytv.com/space_alabama/orion-program-manager-talks-eft--in-huntsville/article_17894640-9b43-11e4-b731-1feb498f3882.html|archive-date=18 January 2015|publisher=WAAY}}</ref> and saving the additional mass of the weld material. Other savings would be due to revising its various components and wiring. For Artemis 1, the Orion spacecraft will be outfitted with a complete [[life support system]] and crew seats but will be left uncrewed.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.waff.com/story/27841631/engineers-resolve-orion-will-lose-weight-in-2015|title=Engineers resolve Orion will 'lose weight' in 2015|date=13 January 2015|access-date=15 January 2015|publisher=WAFF|archive-date=8 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808125121/http://www.waff.com/story/27841631/engineers-resolve-orion-will-lose-weight-in-2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
' |
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3 => '{{Use American English|date=November 2022}}',
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12 => '| image_caption = The [[Space Launch System|SLS]] rocket launches Artemis 1 from Kennedy Space Center's [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39B|LC-39B]]',
13 => '| operator = [[NASA]]',
14 => 'Formerly known as '''Exploration Mission-1''' ('''EM-1'''),<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Hambleton |first=Kathryn |date=20 February 2018 |title=Artemis I Overview |url=http://www.nasa.gov/content/artemis-i-overview |access-date=24 August 2022 |publisher=NASA |archive-date=17 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817053946/https://www.nasa.gov/content/artemis-i-overview/ |url-status=live }}</ref> the mission was given its current name following the creation of the Artemis program. The mission lifted off from [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39B|Launch Complex 39B]] at the [[Kennedy Space Center]] aboard the Space Launch System rocket. The [[Orion (spacecraft)|Orion spacecraft]] has been launched on a mission of 25 days<ref>{{Cite web |title=Artemis 1 Presskit |url=https://www.nasa.gov/specials/artemis-i-press-kit/img/Artemis%20I_Press%20Kit.pdf}}</ref>. After reaching Earth orbit and performing a [[trans-lunar injection]] (burn to the Moon), the mission deployed ten [[CubeSat]] satellites. The Orion spacecraft has completed one flyby of the Moon, on 21 November, and will enter a [[distant retrograde orbit]] for six days with a planned second flyby on 25 November.<ref name="SlossWindows">{{Cite web |last=Sloss |first=Philip |date=1 November 2021 |title=Inside Artemis 1's complex launch windows and constraints |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/11/artemis-1-launch-periods/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225131417/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/11/artemis-1-launch-periods/ |archive-date=25 March 2022 |access-date=25 March 2022 |website=NASASpaceflight.com}}</ref> The Orion spacecraft will then return and [[Atmospheric entry|reenter the Earth's atmosphere]] with the protection of its heat shield and splash down in the Pacific Ocean. The mission aims to certify Orion and the Space Launch System for crewed flights beginning with [[Artemis 2]].<ref name="SFN20200518">{{cite web|last=Clark|first=Stephen|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/05/18/nasa-will-likely-add-a-rendezvous-test-to-the-first-piloted-orion-space-mission/|title=NASA will likely add a rendezvous test to the first piloted Orion space mission|publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=18 May 2020|access-date=19 May 2020|archive-date=8 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708065618/https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/05/18/nasa-will-likely-add-a-rendezvous-test-to-the-first-piloted-orion-space-mission/|url-status=live}}</ref> After the Artemis 1 mission, Artemis 2 is scheduled to perform a crewed lunar flyby and [[Artemis 3]] a crewed lunar landing, five decades after the [[Apollo 17|last lunar Apollo mission]].',
15 => 'Artemis 1 was launched on the Block 1 variant of the [[Space Launch System]].<ref name=":2" /> The Block 1 vehicle consists of a core stage, two five-segment [[solid rocket booster]]s (SRBs) and an upper stage. The core stage uses four [[RS-25]]D engines, all of which have previously flown on [[Space Shuttle]] missions. The core and boosters together produce {{cvt|39000|kN}}, or about 4,000 metric tons of thrust at liftoff. The upper stage, known as the [[Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage]] (ICPS), is based on the [[Delta Cryogenic Second Stage]] and is powered by a single [[RL10|RL10B-2]] engine on the Artemis 1 mission.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harbaugh |first=Jennifer |date=13 December 2021 |title=Space Launch System |url=http://www.nasa.gov/exploration/systems/sls/fs/sls.html |access-date=9 November 2022 |publisher=NASA}}</ref>',
16 => 'The Orion spacecraft will spend approximately three weeks in space, including six days in a [[distant retrograde orbit]] (DRO) around the Moon.<ref name="Nov15">{{cite web |date=27 November 2015 |title=The Ins and Outs of NASA's First Launch of SLS and Orion |url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/the-ins-and-outs-of-nasa-s-first-launch-of-sls-and-orion |access-date=3 May 2016 |publisher=NASA |archive-date=22 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222201819/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/the-ins-and-outs-of-nasa-s-first-launch-of-sls-and-orion |url-status=live }} {{PD-notice}}</ref> It will come within approximatly {{cvt|80|nmi|km|order=flip}} of the Lunar surface (closest approach)<ref name="NASA_20221120"/> and its maximum distance from Earth will be {{Cvt|298,565|mi|km|order=flip}}.<ref name="NasaLaunchPressKit" />',
17 => '=== Mission profile animation ===',
18 => '== Background ==',
19 => 'Artemis 1 was outlined by NASA as Exploration Mission 1 (EM-1) in 2012, at which point it was set to launch in 2017<ref name="nsf-20120229">{{cite web |last1=Bergin |first1=Chris |title=Exploration Mission 1: SLS and Orion mission to the Moon outlined |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2012/02/exploration-mission-1-sls-orion-debut-mission-moon-outlined/ |website=NASASpaceFlight.com |publisher=NASASpaceFlight |access-date=3 September 2022 |date=29 February 2012 |archive-date=24 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824104014/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2012/02/exploration-mission-1-sls-orion-debut-mission-moon-outlined/ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{refn|group=note|The Space Launch System was originally mandated by Congress in the [[NASA Authorization Act of 2010]] to be ready for flight before the end of 2016.<ref name="Senate version of PL-111267">{{cite web | last=Rockefeller | first=Jay | title=S.3729 – 111th Congress (2009–2010): National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 | website=Congress.gov | publisher=Library of Congress | date=5 August 2010 | url=http://www.congress.gov/ | access-date=3 September 2022 | archive-date=29 May 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529051531/https://www.congress.gov/ | url-status=live }}</ref>}} as the first planned flight of the [[Space Launch System]] and the second uncrewed test flight of the [[Orion (spacecraft)|Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle]]. The initial plans for EM-1 called for a [[circumlunar trajectory]] during a seven-day mission.<ref name=HEOC201203>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/630149main_5-Hill_SLS%20MPCV%20GSDO_508.pdf|title=Exploration Systems Development Status|last=Hill|first=Bill|date=March 2012|publisher=NASA Advisory Council|access-date=21 July 2012|archive-date=11 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211204753/https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/630149main_5-Hill_SLS|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="fiso20120425">{{cite web |last=Singer |first=Jody |date=25 April 2012 |title=Status of NASA's Space Launch System |url=http://spirit.as.utexas.edu/~fiso/telecon/Singer_4-25-12/Singer_4-25-12.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131218151106/http://spirit.as.utexas.edu/~fiso/telecon/Singer_4-25-12/Singer_4-25-12.pdf |archive-date=18 December 2013 |access-date=5 August 2012 |publisher=University of Texas}}</ref>'
] |
All external links added in the edit (added_links ) | [] |
All external links removed in the edit (removed_links ) | [
0 => 'http://spirit.as.utexas.edu/~fiso/telecon/Singer_4-25-12/Singer_4-25-12.pdf',
1 => 'http://www.congress.gov/',
2 => 'http://www.nasa.gov/artemis-1',
3 => 'http://www.nasa.gov/content/artemis-i-overview',
4 => 'http://www.nasa.gov/exploration/systems/sls/fs/sls.html',
5 => 'http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/630149main_5-Hill_SLS%20MPCV%20GSDO_508.pdf',
6 => 'https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nasa-space-launch-system-rocket-firing-artemis-moon/',
7 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2012/02/exploration-mission-1-sls-orion-debut-mission-moon-outlined/',
8 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/11/artemis-1-launch-periods/',
9 => 'https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/05/18/nasa-will-likely-add-a-rendezvous-test-to-the-first-piloted-orion-space-mission/',
10 => 'https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2022-156A',
11 => 'https://www.nasa.gov/specials/artemis-i-press-kit/img/Artemis%20I_Press%20Kit.pdf',
12 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20131218151106/http://spirit.as.utexas.edu/~fiso/telecon/Singer_4-25-12/Singer_4-25-12.pdf',
13 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20150529051531/https://www.congress.gov/',
14 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170211204753/https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/630149main_5-Hill_SLS',
15 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20200708065618/https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/05/18/nasa-will-likely-add-a-rendezvous-test-to-the-first-piloted-orion-space-mission/',
16 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220225131417/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/11/artemis-1-launch-periods/',
17 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220815211743/https://www.planetary.org/articles/artemis-i-launch-guide',
18 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220817053946/https://www.nasa.gov/content/artemis-i-overview/',
19 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220824104014/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2012/02/exploration-mission-1-sls-orion-debut-mission-moon-outlined/',
20 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220829061628/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nasa-space-launch-system-rocket-firing-artemis-moon/',
21 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20221115205721/https://www.nasa.gov/specials/artemis-i-press-kit/img/Artemis%20I_Press%20Kit.pdf'
] |
All external links in the new text (all_links ) | [
0 => 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CMLD0Lp0JBg',
1 => 'http://www.nasa.gov/feature/artemis-i-mission-availability',
2 => 'https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/11/14/managers-give-go-to-proceed-toward-launch-countdown-progressing/',
3 => 'https://www.nasa.gov/specials/artemis-i/index.html',
4 => 'http://www.nasa.gov/what-is-artemis',
5 => 'https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-fully-stacked-for-moon-mission-readies-for-artemis-i',
6 => 'https://spacenews.com/second-artemis-1-launch-attempt-scrubbed/',
7 => 'https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2021/10/04/all-artemis-i-secondary-payloads-installed-in-rockets-orion-stage-adapter/',
8 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220715195933/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2021/10/04/all-artemis-i-secondary-payloads-installed-in-rockets-orion-stage-adapter/',
9 => 'http://www.nasa.gov/feature/the-ins-and-outs-of-nasa-s-first-launch-of-sls-and-orion',
10 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20200222201819/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/the-ins-and-outs-of-nasa-s-first-launch-of-sls-and-orion',
11 => 'https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/',
12 => 'http://www.nasa.gov/exploration/systems/mpcv/orion_feature_011613.html',
13 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20140328093836/http://www.nasa.gov/exploration/systems/mpcv/orion_feature_011613.html',
14 => 'http://www.nasa.gov/sls/14-171.html#.VGfrNb4_ypc',
15 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20141119072126/http://www.nasa.gov/sls/14-171.html#.VGfrNb4_ypc',
16 => 'https://archive.today/20150118121313/http://www.waaytv.com/space_alabama/orion-program-manager-talks-eft--in-huntsville/article_17894640-9b43-11e4-b731-1feb498f3882.html',
17 => 'http://www.waaytv.com/space_alabama/orion-program-manager-talks-eft--in-huntsville/article_17894640-9b43-11e4-b731-1feb498f3882.html',
18 => 'http://www.waff.com/story/27841631/engineers-resolve-orion-will-lose-weight-in-2015',
19 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180808125121/http://www.waff.com/story/27841631/engineers-resolve-orion-will-lose-weight-in-2015',
20 => 'https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-to-study-adding-crew-to-first-flight-of-sls-and-orion',
21 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180422125018/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-to-study-adding-crew-to-first-flight-of-sls-and-orion/',
22 => 'https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-kicks-off-study-to-add-crew-to-first-flight-of-orion-sls-as-progress-continues-to-send',
23 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170228081214/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-kicks-off-study-to-add-crew-to-first-flight-of-orion-sls-as-progress-continues-to-send/',
24 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2017/05/nasa-em-1-uncrewed-costs-main-reason/',
25 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190703151036/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2017/05/nasa-em-1-uncrewed-costs-main-reason/',
26 => 'https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/05/14/nasas-artemis-program-eyes-initial-1-6-billion-2024-moon-landing/1195849001/',
27 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190803205803/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/05/14/nasas-artemis-program-eyes-initial-1-6-billion-2024-moon-landing/1195849001/',
28 => 'https://www.theverge.com/2019/7/18/18629403/nasa-artemis-moon-program-funds-hardware-apollo-11-anniversary',
29 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20191207085513/https://www.theverge.com/2019/7/18/18629403/nasa-artemis-moon-program-funds-hardware-apollo-11-anniversary',
30 => 'https://spacenews.com/nasa-considering-flying-orion-on-commercial-launch-vehicles/',
31 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220827025343/https://spacenews.com/nasa-considering-flying-orion-on-commercial-launch-vehicles/',
32 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/04/nasa-lsp-studies-alternate-orion-options/',
33 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190503164345/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/04/nasa-lsp-studies-alternate-orion-options/',
34 => 'https://www.nasa.gov/exploration/systems/sls/multimedia/four-engines-attached-to-sls-core-stage-for-artemis-I-mission.html',
35 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20191112214328/https://www.nasa.gov/exploration/systems/sls/multimedia/four-engines-attached-to-sls-core-stage-for-artemis-I-mission.html',
36 => 'https://spacenews.com/sls-core-stage-declared-ready-for-launch-in-2021/',
37 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220827025343/https://spacenews.com/sls-core-stage-declared-ready-for-launch-in-2021/',
38 => 'http://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasas-sls-green-run-tests-core-stage-for-artemis-i',
39 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20210426222555/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasas-sls-green-run-tests-core-stage-for-artemis-i/',
40 => 'https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-51048986',
41 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20200109151551/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-51048986',
42 => 'https://spacenews.com/green-run-hotfire-test-ends-early/',
43 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20211003032149/https://spacenews.com/green-run-hotfire-test-ends-early/',
44 => 'https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-55727686',
45 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20210120041016/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-55727686',
46 => 'https://spacenews.com/nasa-performs-full-duration-sls-green-run-static-fire-test/',
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48 => 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/space-launch-system-core-stage-arrives-at-the-kennedy-space-center',
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50 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2017/07/sls-upper-stage-residency-former-home-iss-modules/',
51 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20200807132155/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2017/07/sls-upper-stage-residency-former-home-iss-modules/',
52 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/06/artemis-1-launch-processing/',
53 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20210329080713/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/06/artemis-1-launch-processing/',
54 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/08/lvsa-arrives-ksc-for-artemis-1/',
55 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20210519095605/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/08/lvsa-arrives-ksc-for-artemis-1/',
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58 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/12/artemis-1-schedule-uncertainty-sls-booster-stacking/',
59 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20210814104004/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/12/artemis-1-schedule-uncertainty-sls-booster-stacking/',
60 => 'https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2021/03/09/mammoth-artemis-i-rocket-boosters-stacked-on-mobile-launcher/',
61 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220825202418/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2021/03/09/mammoth-artemis-i-rocket-boosters-stacked-on-mobile-launcher/',
62 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/05/nasa-egs-jacobs-sls-artemis-1-stacking/',
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64 => 'https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/10/12/adapter-structure-with-10-cubesats-installed-on-top-of-artemis-moon-rocket/',
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67 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20210520153617/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/03/egs-aligns-artemis-1-schedule/',
68 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/03/troubled-childhood-orion-trio-preparing-flight/',
69 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20210402034525/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/03/troubled-childhood-orion-trio-preparing-flight/',
70 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/10/artemis-1-stack-complete/',
71 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20211230171116/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/10/artemis-1-stack-complete/',
72 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/11/egs-artemis-1-testing-checkout/',
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74 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/12/engine-controller-artemis-1-delay/',
75 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111742/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/12/engine-controller-artemis-1-delay/',
76 => 'https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/03/artemis-i-wet-dress-rehearsal-scrub/',
77 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111826/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/03/artemis-i-wet-dress-rehearsal-scrub/',
78 => 'https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/05/nasa-prepares-for-next-artemis-i-wet-dress-rehearsal-attempt/',
79 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111828/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/05/nasa-prepares-for-next-artemis-i-wet-dress-rehearsal-attempt/',
80 => 'https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/09/artemis-i-wet-dress-rehearsal-update/',
81 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111744/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/09/artemis-i-wet-dress-rehearsal-update/',
82 => 'https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/05/06/artemis-i-rocket-spacecraft-prepare-for-return-to-launch-pad-to-finish-test/',
83 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111831/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/05/06/artemis-i-rocket-spacecraft-prepare-for-return-to-launch-pad-to-finish-test/',
84 => 'https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/14/artemis-i-wdr-update-third-test-attempt-concluded/',
85 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111744/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/14/artemis-i-wdr-update-third-test-attempt-concluded/',
86 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/04/sls-wdr-2/',
87 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111741/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/04/sls-wdr-2/',
88 => 'https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/14/artemis-i-update-teams-extending-current-hold-gaseous-nitrogen-supply-reestablished/',
89 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220610230727/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/14/artemis-i-update-teams-extending-current-hold-gaseous-nitrogen-supply-reestablished/',
90 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/04/artemis-1-vab-nasa-discusses-what-next/',
91 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220623193413/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/04/artemis-1-vab-nasa-discusses-what-next/',
92 => 'https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/26/artemis-i-moon-rocket-arrives-at-vehicle-assembly-building/',
93 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220624221030/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/26/artemis-i-moon-rocket-arrives-at-vehicle-assembly-building/',
94 => 'https://www.space.com/nasa-artemis-1-moon-rocket-returns-launch-pad-testing',
95 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220610214719/https://www.space.com/nasa-artemis-1-moon-rocket-returns-launch-pad-testing',
96 => 'https://spacenews.com/nasa-declares-sls-countdown-rehearsal-complete/',
97 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220827025343/https://spacenews.com/nasa-declares-sls-countdown-rehearsal-complete/',
98 => 'https://spaceflightnow.com/2022/06/22/nasa-not-planning-another-artemis-1-countdown-dress-rehearsal/',
99 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220703054811/https://spaceflightnow.com/2022/06/22/nasa-not-planning-another-artemis-1-countdown-dress-rehearsal/',
100 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/07/sls-rolled-back-final-launch-preps/',
101 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111742/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/07/sls-rolled-back-final-launch-preps/',
102 => 'https://spacenews.com/artemis-1-passes-flight-readiness-review/',
103 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220829160343/https://spacenews.com/artemis-1-passes-flight-readiness-review/',
104 => 'https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/29/world/nasa-artemis-1-launch-scn/index.html',
105 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220829140305/https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/29/world/nasa-artemis-1-launch-scn/index.html',
106 => 'https://spacepolicyonline.com/news/nasa-ready-to-try-artemis-i-again-on-saturday-and-see-what-the-day-brings/',
107 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220903145954/https://spacepolicyonline.com/news/nasa-ready-to-try-artemis-i-again-on-saturday-and-see-what-the-day-brings/',
108 => 'https://www.foxweather.com/weather-news/artemis-1-launch-forecast-nasa-historic-moon-rocket-launch',
109 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220828191854/https://www.foxweather.com/weather-news/artemis-1-launch-forecast-nasa-historic-moon-rocket-launch',
110 => 'https://www.space.com/artemis-1-moon-rocket-launch-scrub',
111 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220829133215/https://www.space.com/artemis-1-moon-rocket-launch-scrub',
112 => 'https://www.independent.co.uk/space/artemis-launch-nasa-live-stream-watch-b2154809.html',
113 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220829160436/https://www.independent.co.uk/space/artemis-launch-nasa-live-stream-watch-b2154809.html',
114 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2022/09/01/world/nasa-artemis-1-saturday-launch-update-scn/index.html',
115 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220903145954/https://www.cnn.com/2022/09/01/world/nasa-artemis-1-saturday-launch-update-scn/index.html',
116 => 'https://spacenews.com/next-artemis-1-launch-attempt-set-for-sept-3/',
117 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220903145954/https://spacenews.com/next-artemis-1-launch-attempt-set-for-sept-3/',
118 => 'https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/09/03/artemis-i-launch-attempt-scrubbed/',
119 => 'https://spaceflightnow.com/2022/09/08/nasa-officials-evaluating-late-september-launch-dates-for-artemis-1-moon-mission/',
120 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/09/03/artemis-launch/',
121 => 'https://www.npr.org/2022/09/03/1120742884/nasa-artemis-1-launch-saturday-time-moon-mission-rocket-orion-sls',
122 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/09/artemis-i-update-sept8/',
123 => 'https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/09/12/nasa-adjusts-dates-for-artemis-i-cryogenic-demonstration-test-and-launch-progress-at-pad-continues/',
124 => 'https://www.clickorlando.com/news/space-news/2022/09/22/nasa-expected-to-announce-whether-artemis-i-can-launch-without-vab-rollback/',
125 => 'https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/09/24/artemis-i-managers-wave-off-sept-27-launch-preparing-for-rollback/',
126 => 'https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/09/26/nasa-to-roll-artemis-i-rocket-and-spacecraft-back-to-vab-tonight/',
127 => 'https://spacenews.com/sls-to-roll-back-to-vab-as-hurricane-approaches-florida/',
128 => 'https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/11/08/nasa-prepares-rocket-spacecraft-ahead-of-tropical-storm-nicole-re-targets-launch/',
129 => 'https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/11/11/teams-conduct-check-outs-preparations-ahead-of-next-artemis-i-launch-attempt/',
130 => 'https://edition.cnn.com/2022/11/10/world/artemis-1-rocket-hurricane-nicole-scn/index.html',
131 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20221111034143/https://www.orlandosentinel.com/space/artemis/os-bz-nasa-artemis-i-launch-pad-tower-records-100-mph-gust-hurricane-nicole-20221110-chmzzpybo5dnto3st4huufeple-story.html',
132 => 'https://www.orlandosentinel.com/space/artemis/os-bz-nasa-artemis-i-launch-pad-tower-records-100-mph-gust-hurricane-nicole-20221110-chmzzpybo5dnto3st4huufeple-story.html',
133 => 'https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/science/nasas-artemis-moon-rocket-begins-fueling-debut-launch-2022-11-15/',
134 => 'https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/11/16/orion-on-its-way-to-the-moon/',
135 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/11/artemis-i-cubesats/',
136 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/11/artemis-i-launch-nov/',
137 => 'https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/11/20/artemis-i-flight-day-five-orion-enters-lunar-sphere-of-influence-ahead-of-lunar-flyby/',
138 => 'https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/11/19/artemis-i-flight-day-four-testing-wifi-signals-radiator-system-go-for-outbound-powered-flyby/',
139 => 'https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/11/21/orion-successfully-completes-lunar-flyby-re-acquires-signal-with-earth/',
140 => 'https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-israeli-space-agencies-join-forces-to-protect-astronauts-from-radiation-1523969713',
141 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190829041818/https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-israeli-space-agencies-join-forces-to-protect-astronauts-from-radiation-1523969713',
142 => 'https://www.planetary.org/articles/artemis-i-launch-guide',
143 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220809143738/https://www.planetary.org/articles/artemis-i-launch-guide',
144 => 'https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/purposeful-passengers-hitch-a-ride-on-nasa-s-artemis-i-mission',
145 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220815163346/https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/purposeful-passengers-hitch-a-ride-on-nasa-s-artemis-i-mission/',
146 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180622073114/https://ispcs.com/wp-content/uploads/Thomas-Berger-ISPCS-2017-FINAL-1.compressed.pdf',
147 => 'https://ispcs.com/wp-content/uploads/Thomas-Berger-ISPCS-2017-FINAL-1.compressed.pdf',
148 => 'https://www.nasa.gov/feature/orion-passengers-on-artemis-i-to-test-radiation-vest-for-deep-space-missions',
149 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220719041636/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/orion-passengers-on-artemis-i-to-test-radiation-vest-for-deep-space-missions/',
150 => 'https://www.nasa.gov/feature/snoopy-to-fly-on-nasas-artemis-i-moon-mission',
151 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220810023235/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/snoopy-to-fly-on-nasas-artemis-i-moon-mission/',
152 => 'https://www.aardman.com/latest-news/shaun-the-sheep-esa-artemis-i',
153 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220808102630/https://www.aardman.com/latest-news/shaun-the-sheep-esa-artemis-i',
154 => 'https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/artemis_i_official_flight_kit.pdf',
155 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220817105322/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/artemis_i_official_flight_kit.pdf',
156 => 'https://www.9news.com/article/tech/science/nasa-artemis-launch-callisto-space-project/73-393296a7-bd81-400e-9da3-c79c8f19a9f9',
157 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220903145955/https://www.9news.com/article/tech/science/nasa-artemis-launch-callisto-space-project/73-393296a7-bd81-400e-9da3-c79c8f19a9f9',
158 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20211012150642/https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/10/12/adapter-structure-with-10-cubesats-installed-on-top-of-artemis-moon-rocket/',
159 => 'https://spacenews.com/nasa-seeking-proposals-for-cubesats-on-second-sls-launch/',
160 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220827025343/https://spacenews.com/nasa-seeking-proposals-for-cubesats-on-second-sls-launch/',
161 => 'https://nspires.nasaprs.com/external/viewrepositorydocument/cmdocumentid=478898/solicitationId=%7B1DDABD1B-6261-1D15-874A-67BB42357C3A%7D/viewSolicitationDocument=1/SIMPLEx14%20Selections_Abstracts.pdf',
162 => 'https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/three-diy-cubesats-score-rides-on-nasa-s-first-flight-of-orion-space-launch-system',
163 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190806051921/https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/three-diy-cubesats-score-rides-on-nasa-s-first-flight-of-orion-space-launch-system/',
164 => 'https://www.spacescout.info/2021/10/four-artemis-i-cubesats-miss-their-ride/',
165 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220417061728/https://www.spacescout.info/2021/10/four-artemis-i-cubesats-miss-their-ride/',
166 => 'http://sservi.nasa.gov/articles/lunar-flashlight/',
167 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160913141407/http://sservi.nasa.gov/articles/lunar-flashlight/',
168 => 'http://www.space.com/27388-nasa-moon-mining-missions-water.html',
169 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20161111013713/http://www.space.com/27388-nasa-moon-mining-missions-water.html',
170 => 'https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/nasa-s-lunar-flashlight-ready-to-search-for-the-moon-s-water-ice/',
171 => 'http://www.nasa.gov/feature/artemis-1-identifier',
172 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220805172711/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/artemis-1-identifier/',
173 => 'https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/how-nasas-artemis-program-plans-to-return-astronauts-to-the-moon',
174 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220824113854/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/how-nasas-artemis-program-plans-to-return-astronauts-to-the-moon',
175 => 'http://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-unveils-sustainable-campaign-to-return-to-moon-on-to-mars',
176 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220707064351/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-unveils-sustainable-campaign-to-return-to-moon-on-to-mars/',
177 => 'https://www.independent.co.uk/space/artemis-1-moon-mission-nasa-explained-b2151469.html',
178 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220825104847/https://www.independent.co.uk/space/artemis-1-moon-mission-nasa-explained-b2151469.html',
179 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/11/world/nasa-name-submission-artemis-i-mission-scn/index.html',
180 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220824125217/https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/11/world/nasa-name-submission-artemis-i-mission-scn/index.html',
181 => 'https://www.space.com/fly-name-around-moon-nasa-artemis-1-mission',
182 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220824125216/https://www.space.com/fly-name-around-moon-nasa-artemis-1-mission',
183 => 'https://www.futureengineers.org/artemismoonpodessay',
184 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20210326131113/https://www.futureengineers.org/artemismoonpodessay/',
185 => 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3389152#P856',
186 => 'https://www.nasa.gov/artemis-i/',
187 => 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OZvDAAI_JM0',
188 => 'https://www.nasa.gov/specials/trackartemis/'
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2 => 'http://www.waff.com/story/27841631/engineers-resolve-orion-will-lose-weight-in-2015',
3 => 'http://spirit.as.utexas.edu/~fiso/telecon/Singer_4-25-12/Singer_4-25-12.pdf',
4 => 'http://www.congress.gov/',
5 => 'http://sservi.nasa.gov/articles/lunar-flashlight/',
6 => 'http://www.nasa.gov/artemis-1',
7 => 'http://www.nasa.gov/content/artemis-i-overview',
8 => 'http://www.nasa.gov/exploration/systems/mpcv/orion_feature_011613.html',
9 => 'http://www.nasa.gov/exploration/systems/sls/fs/sls.html',
10 => 'http://www.nasa.gov/feature/artemis-1-identifier',
11 => 'http://www.nasa.gov/feature/artemis-i-mission-availability',
12 => 'http://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-unveils-sustainable-campaign-to-return-to-moon-on-to-mars',
13 => 'http://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasas-sls-green-run-tests-core-stage-for-artemis-i',
14 => 'http://www.nasa.gov/feature/the-ins-and-outs-of-nasa-s-first-launch-of-sls-and-orion',
15 => 'http://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/space-launch-system-core-stage-arrives-at-the-kennedy-space-center',
16 => 'http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/630149main_5-Hill_SLS%20MPCV%20GSDO_508.pdf',
17 => 'http://www.nasa.gov/sls/14-171.html#.VGfrNb4_ypc',
18 => 'http://www.nasa.gov/what-is-artemis',
19 => 'https://www.9news.com/article/tech/science/nasa-artemis-launch-callisto-space-project/73-393296a7-bd81-400e-9da3-c79c8f19a9f9',
20 => 'https://www.aardman.com/latest-news/shaun-the-sheep-esa-artemis-i',
21 => 'https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-51048986',
22 => 'https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nasa-space-launch-system-rocket-firing-artemis-moon/',
23 => 'https://www.clickorlando.com/news/space-news/2022/09/22/nasa-expected-to-announce-whether-artemis-i-can-launch-without-vab-rollback/',
24 => 'https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/29/world/nasa-artemis-1-launch-scn/index.html',
25 => 'https://edition.cnn.com/2022/11/10/world/artemis-1-rocket-hurricane-nicole-scn/index.html',
26 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/11/world/nasa-name-submission-artemis-i-mission-scn/index.html',
27 => 'https://www.cnn.com/2022/09/01/world/nasa-artemis-1-saturday-launch-update-scn/index.html',
28 => 'https://www.foxweather.com/weather-news/artemis-1-launch-forecast-nasa-historic-moon-rocket-launch',
29 => 'https://ispcs.com/wp-content/uploads/Thomas-Berger-ISPCS-2017-FINAL-1.compressed.pdf',
30 => 'https://nspires.nasaprs.com/external/viewrepositorydocument/cmdocumentid=478898/solicitationId=%7B1DDABD1B-6261-1D15-874A-67BB42357C3A%7D/viewSolicitationDocument=1/SIMPLEx14%20Selections_Abstracts.pdf',
31 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2012/02/exploration-mission-1-sls-orion-debut-mission-moon-outlined/',
32 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2017/05/nasa-em-1-uncrewed-costs-main-reason/',
33 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2017/07/sls-upper-stage-residency-former-home-iss-modules/',
34 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/04/nasa-lsp-studies-alternate-orion-options/',
35 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/06/artemis-1-launch-processing/',
36 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/08/lvsa-arrives-ksc-for-artemis-1/',
37 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/11/egs-jacobs-vehicle-integration-artemis-1/',
38 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/12/artemis-1-schedule-uncertainty-sls-booster-stacking/',
39 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/03/egs-aligns-artemis-1-schedule/',
40 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/03/troubled-childhood-orion-trio-preparing-flight/',
41 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/05/nasa-egs-jacobs-sls-artemis-1-stacking/',
42 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/10/artemis-1-stack-complete/',
43 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/11/artemis-1-launch-periods/',
44 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/11/egs-artemis-1-testing-checkout/',
45 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/12/engine-controller-artemis-1-delay/',
46 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/04/artemis-1-vab-nasa-discusses-what-next/',
47 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/04/sls-wdr-2/',
48 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/07/sls-rolled-back-final-launch-preps/',
49 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/09/artemis-i-update-sept8/',
50 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/11/artemis-i-cubesats/',
51 => 'https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/11/artemis-i-launch-nov/',
52 => 'https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/how-nasas-artemis-program-plans-to-return-astronauts-to-the-moon',
53 => 'https://www.orlandosentinel.com/space/artemis/os-bz-nasa-artemis-i-launch-pad-tower-records-100-mph-gust-hurricane-nicole-20221110-chmzzpybo5dnto3st4huufeple-story.html',
54 => 'https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/science/nasas-artemis-moon-rocket-begins-fueling-debut-launch-2022-11-15/',
55 => 'https://www.space.com/artemis-1-moon-rocket-launch-scrub',
56 => 'https://www.space.com/fly-name-around-moon-nasa-artemis-1-mission',
57 => 'https://www.space.com/nasa-artemis-1-moon-rocket-returns-launch-pad-testing',
58 => 'https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/05/18/nasa-will-likely-add-a-rendezvous-test-to-the-first-piloted-orion-space-mission/',
59 => 'https://spaceflightnow.com/2021/10/12/adapter-structure-with-10-cubesats-installed-on-top-of-artemis-moon-rocket/',
60 => 'https://spaceflightnow.com/2022/06/22/nasa-not-planning-another-artemis-1-countdown-dress-rehearsal/',
61 => 'https://spaceflightnow.com/2022/09/08/nasa-officials-evaluating-late-september-launch-dates-for-artemis-1-moon-mission/',
62 => 'https://spacenews.com/artemis-1-passes-flight-readiness-review/',
63 => 'https://spacenews.com/green-run-hotfire-test-ends-early/',
64 => 'https://spacenews.com/nasa-considering-flying-orion-on-commercial-launch-vehicles/',
65 => 'https://spacenews.com/nasa-declares-sls-countdown-rehearsal-complete/',
66 => 'https://spacenews.com/nasa-performs-full-duration-sls-green-run-static-fire-test/',
67 => 'https://spacenews.com/nasa-seeking-proposals-for-cubesats-on-second-sls-launch/',
68 => 'https://spacenews.com/next-artemis-1-launch-attempt-set-for-sept-3/',
69 => 'https://spacenews.com/second-artemis-1-launch-attempt-scrubbed/',
70 => 'https://spacenews.com/sls-core-stage-declared-ready-for-launch-in-2021/',
71 => 'https://spacenews.com/sls-to-roll-back-to-vab-as-hurricane-approaches-florida/',
72 => 'https://spacepolicyonline.com/news/nasa-ready-to-try-artemis-i-again-on-saturday-and-see-what-the-day-brings/',
73 => 'https://www.theverge.com/2019/7/18/18629403/nasa-artemis-moon-program-funds-hardware-apollo-11-anniversary',
74 => 'https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/05/14/nasas-artemis-program-eyes-initial-1-6-billion-2024-moon-landing/1195849001/',
75 => 'https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/09/03/artemis-launch/',
76 => 'https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-israeli-space-agencies-join-forces-to-protect-astronauts-from-radiation-1523969713',
77 => 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CMLD0Lp0JBg',
78 => 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OZvDAAI_JM0',
79 => 'https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/',
80 => 'https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2021/03/09/mammoth-artemis-i-rocket-boosters-stacked-on-mobile-launcher/',
81 => 'https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2021/10/04/all-artemis-i-secondary-payloads-installed-in-rockets-orion-stage-adapter/',
82 => 'https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/03/artemis-i-wet-dress-rehearsal-scrub/',
83 => 'https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/05/nasa-prepares-for-next-artemis-i-wet-dress-rehearsal-attempt/',
84 => 'https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/09/artemis-i-wet-dress-rehearsal-update/',
85 => 'https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/14/artemis-i-update-teams-extending-current-hold-gaseous-nitrogen-supply-reestablished/',
86 => 'https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/14/artemis-i-wdr-update-third-test-attempt-concluded/',
87 => 'https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/26/artemis-i-moon-rocket-arrives-at-vehicle-assembly-building/',
88 => 'https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/05/06/artemis-i-rocket-spacecraft-prepare-for-return-to-launch-pad-to-finish-test/',
89 => 'https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/09/03/artemis-i-launch-attempt-scrubbed/',
90 => 'https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/09/12/nasa-adjusts-dates-for-artemis-i-cryogenic-demonstration-test-and-launch-progress-at-pad-continues/',
91 => 'https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/09/24/artemis-i-managers-wave-off-sept-27-launch-preparing-for-rollback/',
92 => 'https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/09/26/nasa-to-roll-artemis-i-rocket-and-spacecraft-back-to-vab-tonight/',
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119 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20150529051531/https://www.congress.gov/',
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155 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220610214719/https://www.space.com/nasa-artemis-1-moon-rocket-returns-launch-pad-testing',
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160 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111741/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/04/sls-wdr-2/',
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164 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111744/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/09/artemis-i-wet-dress-rehearsal-update/',
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169 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220707064351/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-unveils-sustainable-campaign-to-return-to-moon-on-to-mars/',
170 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220715195933/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2021/10/04/all-artemis-i-secondary-payloads-installed-in-rockets-orion-stage-adapter/',
171 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220719041636/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/orion-passengers-on-artemis-i-to-test-radiation-vest-for-deep-space-missions/',
172 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220805172711/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/artemis-1-identifier/',
173 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220808102630/https://www.aardman.com/latest-news/shaun-the-sheep-esa-artemis-i',
174 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220809143738/https://www.planetary.org/articles/artemis-i-launch-guide',
175 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220810023235/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/snoopy-to-fly-on-nasas-artemis-i-moon-mission/',
176 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220815163346/https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/purposeful-passengers-hitch-a-ride-on-nasa-s-artemis-i-mission/',
177 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220815211743/https://www.planetary.org/articles/artemis-i-launch-guide',
178 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220817053946/https://www.nasa.gov/content/artemis-i-overview/',
179 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220817105322/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/artemis_i_official_flight_kit.pdf',
180 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220824104014/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2012/02/exploration-mission-1-sls-orion-debut-mission-moon-outlined/',
181 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220824113854/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/how-nasas-artemis-program-plans-to-return-astronauts-to-the-moon',
182 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220824125216/https://www.space.com/fly-name-around-moon-nasa-artemis-1-mission',
183 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220824125217/https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/11/world/nasa-name-submission-artemis-i-mission-scn/index.html',
184 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220825104847/https://www.independent.co.uk/space/artemis-1-moon-mission-nasa-explained-b2151469.html',
185 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220825202418/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2021/03/09/mammoth-artemis-i-rocket-boosters-stacked-on-mobile-launcher/',
186 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220827025343/https://spacenews.com/nasa-seeking-proposals-for-cubesats-on-second-sls-launch/',
187 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220827025343/https://spacenews.com/nasa-considering-flying-orion-on-commercial-launch-vehicles/',
188 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220827025343/https://spacenews.com/sls-core-stage-declared-ready-for-launch-in-2021/',
189 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220827025343/https://spacenews.com/nasa-declares-sls-countdown-rehearsal-complete/',
190 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220827095956/https://spacenews.com/nasa-performs-full-duration-sls-green-run-static-fire-test/',
191 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220828191854/https://www.foxweather.com/weather-news/artemis-1-launch-forecast-nasa-historic-moon-rocket-launch',
192 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220829061628/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nasa-space-launch-system-rocket-firing-artemis-moon/',
193 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220829133215/https://www.space.com/artemis-1-moon-rocket-launch-scrub',
194 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220829140305/https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/29/world/nasa-artemis-1-launch-scn/index.html',
195 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220829160343/https://spacenews.com/artemis-1-passes-flight-readiness-review/',
196 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220829160436/https://www.independent.co.uk/space/artemis-launch-nasa-live-stream-watch-b2154809.html',
197 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220903145954/https://spacenews.com/next-artemis-1-launch-attempt-set-for-sept-3/',
198 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20220903145954/https://spacepolicyonline.com/news/nasa-ready-to-try-artemis-i-again-on-saturday-and-see-what-the-day-brings/',
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201 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20221111034143/https://www.orlandosentinel.com/space/artemis/os-bz-nasa-artemis-i-launch-pad-tower-records-100-mph-gust-hurricane-nicole-20221110-chmzzpybo5dnto3st4huufeple-story.html',
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204 => 'https://www.npr.org/2022/09/03/1120742884/nasa-artemis-1-launch-saturday-time-moon-mission-rocket-orion-sls',
205 => 'https://www.planetary.org/articles/artemis-i-launch-guide',
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<b>Artemis 1</b>, officially <b>Artemis I</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> is an ongoing uncrewed <a href="/wiki/Lunar_orbit" title="Lunar orbit">Moon-orbiting</a> mission and the first major spaceflight of <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis program</a>. It is the first integrated flight test of the <a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Orion spacecraft</a> and <a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">Space Launch System rocket</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[note 1]</a></sup> Artemis 1 was successfully launched from <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a> on 16 November 2022 at 01:47:44 EST (06:47:44 UTC).<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nasa-20221108_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa-20221108-4">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NASA-Kraft_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-Kraft-5">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NASA-20221114_countdown_begins_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-20221114_countdown_begins-6">[5]</a></sup> Its main objective is to test the Orion spacecraft, especially its <a href="/wiki/Heat_shield" title="Heat shield">heat shield,</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a></sup> in preparation for subsequent Artemis missions. These missions will seek to reestablish a human presence on the Moon and demonstrate technologies and business approaches needed for future scientific studies, including <a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Mars" title="Exploration of Mars">exploration of Mars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a></sup>
</p><p>bivbtrulvhnrtuovjnrfkvnjgrv fdvafvfvefv
</p><p>The Orion spacecraft for Artemis 1 was <a href="/wiki/Stacking_(rocketry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stacking (rocketry)">stacked</a> on 20 October 2021,<sup id="cite_ref-Oct20_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oct20-9">[8]</a></sup> marking the first time a <a href="/wiki/Super_heavy-lift_launch_vehicle" title="Super heavy-lift launch vehicle">super-heavy-lift vehicle</a> has been stacked inside NASA's <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_Assembly_Building" title="Vehicle Assembly Building">Vehicle Assembly Building</a> (VAB) since the final <a href="/wiki/Saturn_V" title="Saturn V">Saturn V</a> in 1973. On 17 August 2022, the fully stacked vehicle was rolled out for launch after a series of delays caused by difficulties in pre-flight testing. The first two launch attempts were canceled due to a faulty engine temperature reading on 29 August 2022 and a hydrogen leak during fueling on 3 September 2022, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-SN-20220903_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SN-20220903-10">[9]</a></sup>
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Mission_profile"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Mission profile</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#bivbtrulvhnrtuovjnrfkvnjgrv_fdvafvfvefv"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">bivbtrulvhnrtuovjnrfkvnjgrv fdvafvfvefv</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#bivbtrulvhnrtuovjnrfkvnjgrv_fdvafvfvefv_2"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">bivbtrulvhnrtuovjnrfkvnjgrv fdvafvfvefv</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Ground_testing"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Ground testing</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Assembly"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Assembly</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Launch_preparations"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Launch preparations</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Initial_launch_attempts"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Initial launch attempts</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Flight"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Flight</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Launch"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Launch</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Lunar_orbit"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Lunar orbit</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Payloads"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Payloads</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Cubesats"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Cubesats</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Media_outreach"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Media outreach</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Mission_profile">Mission profile</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_1&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Mission profile">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Orion (spacecraft)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">Space Launch System</a></div><div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:332px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis_I_map_October_2021.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Artemis_I_map_October_2021.jpg/330px-Artemis_I_map_October_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="186" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Artemis_I_map_October_2021.jpg/495px-Artemis_I_map_October_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Artemis_I_map_October_2021.jpg/660px-Artemis_I_map_October_2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8001" data-file-height="4500" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis_I_map_October_2021.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Summary of the Artemis I mission</div></div></div>
<p>bivbtrulvhnrtuovjnrfkvnjgrv fdvafvfvefv
</p><p>Once in orbit, the ICPS fired its engine to perform a <a href="/wiki/Trans-lunar_injection" title="Trans-lunar injection">trans-lunar injection</a> (TLI) burn, which placed the Orion spacecraft and ten <a href="/wiki/CubeSat" title="CubeSat">CubeSats</a> on a trajectory to the Moon. Orion then separated from the ICPS and continued its coast into lunar space. Following Orion separation, the ICPS Stage Adapter deployed ten CubeSats that will conduct scientific research and perform technology demonstrations.<sup id="cite_ref-nasa-20211004_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa-20211004-11">[10]</a></sup>
</p><p>The Orion spacecraft will spend approximately three weeks in space, including six days in a <a href="/wiki/Distant_retrograde_orbit" title="Distant retrograde orbit">distant retrograde orbit</a> (DRO) around the Moon.<sup id="cite_ref-Nov15_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nov15-12">[11]</a></sup> It will come within approximatly 150 km (80 nmi) of the Lunar surface (closest approach)<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_20221120_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_20221120-13">[12]</a></sup> and its maximum distance from Earth will be 480,494 km (298,565 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-NasaLaunchPressKit_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NasaLaunchPressKit-14">[13]</a></sup>bivbtrulvhnrtuovjnrfkvnjgrv fdvafvfvefv
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Block_1_70t_Crew_Expanded_View.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Block_1_70t_Crew_Expanded_View.jpg/220px-Block_1_70t_Crew_Expanded_View.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Block_1_70t_Crew_Expanded_View.jpg/330px-Block_1_70t_Crew_Expanded_View.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Block_1_70t_Crew_Expanded_View.jpg/440px-Block_1_70t_Crew_Expanded_View.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1044" data-file-height="783" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Block_1_70t_Crew_Expanded_View.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Block 1 variant of SLS rocket</div></div></div>
<table class="wikitable alternation">
<caption>Mission timeline<sup id="cite_ref-NasaLaunchPressKit_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NasaLaunchPressKit-14">[13]</a></sup>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th scope="col">Time (UTC)
</th>
<th scope="col">Event
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>Nov 16 6:47:44
</td>
<td>Liftoff
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>6:49:56
</td>
<td>Solid rocket booster separation
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>6:50:55
</td>
<td>Service module fairing jettisoned
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>6:51:00
</td>
<td>Launch abort system jettisoned
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>6:55:47
</td>
<td>Core stage main engine cutoff
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>6:55:59
</td>
<td>Core stage and ICPS separation
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>7:05:53 – 7:17:53
</td>
<td>Orion solar array deployment
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>7:40:40 – 7:41:02
</td>
<td>Perigee raise maneuver
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>8:17:11 – 8:35:11
</td>
<td>Trans-Lunar injection burn
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>8:45:20
</td>
<td>Orion/ICPS separation
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>8:46:42
</td>
<td>Upper-stage separation burn
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>10:09:20
</td>
<td>ICPS disposal burn
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>14:35:15
</td>
<td>First trajectory correction burn
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Nov 17–20
</td>
<td>Outbound coasting phase
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Nov 21 12:44
</td>
<td>Lunar outbound powered flyby<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_20221120_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_20221120-13">[12]</a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Nov 21–24
</td>
<td>Transit to distant retrograde orbit (DRO)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Nov 25–30
</td>
<td>In DRO
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Dec 1 21:53
</td>
<td>DRO departure burn
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Dec 1–4
</td>
<td>Exiting DRO
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Dec 5 16:43
</td>
<td>Return powered flyby
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Dec 5–11
</td>
<td>Return transit
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Dec 11 18:06
</td>
<td>Entry and splashdown
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="bivbtrulvhnrtuovjnrfkvnjgrv_fdvafvfvefv">bivbtrulvhnrtuovjnrfkvnjgrv fdvafvfvefv</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_1&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: bivbtrulvhnrtuovjnrfkvnjgrv fdvafvfvefv">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<table>
<tbody><tr>
<td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096954695/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:908px;max-width:908px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Animation of Artemis I</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:452px;max-width:452px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Animation_of_Artemis_I_around_Earth.gif" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Animation_of_Artemis_I_around_Earth.gif/450px-Animation_of_Artemis_I_around_Earth.gif" decoding="async" width="450" height="338" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Animation_of_Artemis_I_around_Earth.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="420" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Earth-centered_inertial" title="Earth-centered inertial">Earth-centered inertial</a> reference frame.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:452px;max-width:452px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Animation_of_Artemis_I_around_Earth_-_Frame_rotating_with_Moon.gif" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Animation_of_Artemis_I_around_Earth_-_Frame_rotating_with_Moon.gif/450px-Animation_of_Artemis_I_around_Earth_-_Frame_rotating_with_Moon.gif" decoding="async" width="450" height="338" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Animation_of_Artemis_I_around_Earth_-_Frame_rotating_with_Moon.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="420" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Earth-centered <a href="/wiki/Rotating_reference_frame" title="Rotating reference frame">frame rotating</a> with Moon</div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:RoyalBlue; color:white;"> </span> Earth</span> <b>·</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Magenta; color:black;"> </span> Artemis I</span> <b>·</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"/><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Lime; color:black;"> </span> Moon</span></div></div></div></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="bivbtrulvhnrtuovjnrfkvnjgrv_fdvafvfvefv_2">bivbtrulvhnrtuovjnrfkvnjgrv fdvafvfvefv</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_1&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: bivbtrulvhnrtuovjnrfkvnjgrv fdvafvfvefv">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Artist_Concept_-_Space_Launch_System_in_Flight.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Artist_Concept_-_Space_Launch_System_in_Flight.jpg/220px-Artist_Concept_-_Space_Launch_System_in_Flight.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Artist_Concept_-_Space_Launch_System_in_Flight.jpg/330px-Artist_Concept_-_Space_Launch_System_in_Flight.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Artist_Concept_-_Space_Launch_System_in_Flight.jpg/440px-Artist_Concept_-_Space_Launch_System_in_Flight.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2940" data-file-height="2214" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Artist_Concept_-_Space_Launch_System_in_Flight.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Early illustration of the SLS launch, December 2011</div></div></div>
<p>bivbtrulvhnrtuovjnrfkvnjgrv fdvafvfvefv
</p><p>In January 2013 it was announced that the Orion spacecraft's <a href="/wiki/Service_module" title="Service module">service module</a> was to be built by the <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a> and named the <a href="/wiki/European_Service_Module" title="European Service Module">European Service Module</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a></sup> In mid-November 2014 construction of the SLS core stage began at NASA's <a href="/wiki/Michoud_Assembly_Facility" title="Michoud Assembly Facility">Michoud Assembly Facility</a> (MAF).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a></sup> In January 2015 NASA and <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a> announced that the primary structure in the Orion spacecraft used on Artemis 1 would be up to 25% lighter compared to the previous one (EFT-1). This would be achieved by reducing the number of cone panels from six (EFT-1) to three (EM-1), reducing the total number of welds from 19 to 7<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a></sup> and saving the additional mass of the weld material. Other savings would be due to revising its various components and wiring. For Artemis 1, the Orion spacecraft will be outfitted with a complete <a href="/wiki/Life_support_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Life support system">life support system</a> and crew seats but will be left uncrewed.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a></sup>
</p><p>Originally, the SLS version used on the first, second, and third missions was intended to use the SLS's <a href="/wiki/Exploration_Upper_Stage" title="Exploration Upper Stage">Exploration Upper Stage</a>; however, due to delays in developing the stage, NASA decided to switch from <a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System#Block_variants" title="Space Launch System">Block 1B</a> to the less powerful <a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System#Block_variants" title="Space Launch System">Block 1</a> SLS for these three missions. The Exploration Upper Stage will be used instead from SLS's fourth mission onwards. In February 2017, NASA began investigating the feasibility of a crewed launch as the first SLS flight.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-19">[18]</a></sup> It would have had a crew of two astronauts and the flight time would have been shorter than the uncrewed version.<sup id="cite_ref-warner_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-warner-20">[19]</a></sup> However, after a months-long feasibility study, NASA rejected the proposal, claiming cost as the primary issue, and continued with the plan to fly the first SLS mission uncrewed.<sup id="cite_ref-uncrewed20170512_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uncrewed20170512-21">[20]</a></sup>
</p><p>In March 2019, then-NASA administrator <a href="/wiki/Jim_Bridenstine" title="Jim Bridenstine">Jim Bridenstine</a> proposed moving the Orion spacecraft from SLS to commercial rockets, either the <a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy" title="Falcon Heavy">Falcon Heavy</a> or Delta IV Heavy, to comply with the schedule.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Commercial_LVs2_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Commercial_LVs2-23">[22]</a></sup> The mission would require two launches: one to place the <a href="/wiki/Orion_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Orion spacecraft">Orion spacecraft</a> into orbit around the Earth, and a second carrying an upper stage. The two would then dock while in Earth orbit, and the upper stage would ignite to send Orion to the Moon.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a></sup> The idea was eventually scrapped.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a></sup> One challenge with this option would be carrying out that docking, as Orion will not carry a docking mechanism until <a href="/wiki/Artemis_3" title="Artemis 3">Artemis 3</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a></sup> The concept was shelved in mid-2019, due to another study's conclusion that it would further delay the mission.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Ground_testing">Ground testing</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_1&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ground testing">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Run_test_of_the_SLS_at_Stennis_Space_Center_on_Saturday,_January_16,_2021_36.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Green_Run_test_of_the_SLS_at_Stennis_Space_Center_on_Saturday%2C_January_16%2C_2021_36.jpg/220px-Green_Run_test_of_the_SLS_at_Stennis_Space_Center_on_Saturday%2C_January_16%2C_2021_36.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Green_Run_test_of_the_SLS_at_Stennis_Space_Center_on_Saturday%2C_January_16%2C_2021_36.jpg/330px-Green_Run_test_of_the_SLS_at_Stennis_Space_Center_on_Saturday%2C_January_16%2C_2021_36.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Green_Run_test_of_the_SLS_at_Stennis_Space_Center_on_Saturday%2C_January_16%2C_2021_36.jpg/440px-Green_Run_test_of_the_SLS_at_Stennis_Space_Center_on_Saturday%2C_January_16%2C_2021_36.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5400" data-file-height="3600" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Run_test_of_the_SLS_at_Stennis_Space_Center_on_Saturday,_January_16,_2021_36.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>First static fire attempt of the core stage performed on 16 January 2021</div></div></div>
<p>The core stage for Artemis 1, built at <a href="/wiki/Michoud_Assembly_Facility" title="Michoud Assembly Facility">Michoud Assembly Facility</a> by Boeing, had all four engines attached in November 2019<sup id="cite_ref-SlSUpdate2016_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SlSUpdate2016-28">[27]</a></sup> and was declared finished one month later.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a></sup> The core stage left the facility to undergo the Green Run test series at <a href="/wiki/Stennis_Space_Center" title="Stennis Space Center">Stennis Space Center</a>, consisting of eight tests of increasing complexity:<sup id="cite_ref-:7_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-30">[29]</a></sup>
</p>
<ol><li><a href="/wiki/Modal_testing" title="Modal testing">Modal testing</a> (vibration tests)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Avionics" title="Avionics">Avionics</a> (electronic systems)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fail-safe" title="Fail-safe">Fail-safe</a> systems</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Propulsion" title="Propulsion">Propulsion</a> (without firing of the engines)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Thrust_vector_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrust vector control">Thrust vector control</a> system (moving and rotating engines)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Launch_countdown" class="mw-redirect" title="Launch countdown">Launch countdown</a> simulation</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wet_dress_rehearsal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wet dress rehearsal">Wet dress rehearsal</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Propellant" title="Propellant">propellant</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Static_fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Static fire">Static fire</a> of the engines for eight minutes</li></ol>
<p>The first test was performed in January 2020,<sup id="cite_ref-:7_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-30">[29]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a></sup> and subsequent Green Run tests proceeded without issue. On 16 January 2021, a year later, the eighth and final test was performed, but the engines shut down after running for one minute.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a></sup> This was caused by pressure in the hydraulic system used for the engines' thrust vector control system dropping below the limits set for the test. However, the limits were conservative – if such an anomaly occurred in launch, the rocket would still fly normally.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a></sup> The static fire test was performed again on 18 March 2021, this time achieving a full-duration eight minute burn.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a></sup> The core subsequently departed the <a href="/wiki/Stennis_Space_Center" title="Stennis Space Center">Stennis Space Center</a> on 24 April 2021, on route to the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Assembly">Assembly</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_1&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Assembly">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis_I_stack_after_complete_platform_retraction.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Artemis_I_stack_after_complete_platform_retraction.jpg/220px-Artemis_I_stack_after_complete_platform_retraction.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="333" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Artemis_I_stack_after_complete_platform_retraction.jpg/330px-Artemis_I_stack_after_complete_platform_retraction.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Artemis_I_stack_after_complete_platform_retraction.jpg/440px-Artemis_I_stack_after_complete_platform_retraction.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1354" data-file-height="2048" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis_I_stack_after_complete_platform_retraction.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>SLS with the Orion capsule in the <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_Assembly_Building" title="Vehicle Assembly Building">Vehicle Assembly Building</a>, March 2022</div></div></div>
<p>The <a href="/wiki/Delta_Cryogenic_Second_Stage#Interim_Cryogenic_Propulsion_Stage" title="Delta Cryogenic Second Stage">Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage</a> was the first part of the SLS to be delivered to the Kennedy Space Center in July 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-36">[35]</a></sup> Three years later, all of the SLS's <a href="/wiki/Solid_rocket_booster" title="Solid rocket booster">solid rocket booster</a> segments were shipped by train to the Kennedy Space Center on 12 June 2020,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a></sup> and the SLS launch vehicle stage adapter (LVSA) was delivered by <a href="/wiki/Barge" title="Barge">barge</a> one month later on 29 July 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-LVSA_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LVSA-38">[37]</a></sup> The assembly of the SLS took place at the <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_Assembly_Building" title="Vehicle Assembly Building">Vehicle Assembly Building</a>'s High Bay 3, beginning with the placement of the two bottom solid rocket booster segments on 23 November 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a></sup> Assembly of the boosters was temporarily paused due to the core stage Green Run test delays before being resumed on 7 January 2021,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a></sup> and the boosters' <a href="/wiki/Stacking_(rocketry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stacking (rocketry)">stacking</a> was completed by 2 March 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a></sup>
</p><p>The SLS core stage for the mission, CS-1, arrived at the launch site on the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_external_tank" title="Space Shuttle external tank">Pegasus barge</a> on 27 April 2021 after the successful conclusion of Green Run tests. It was moved to the VAB low bay for refurbishment and stacking preparations on 29 April 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a></sup> The stage was then stacked with its boosters on 12 June 2021. The stage adapter was stacked on the Core Stage on 22 June 2021. The ICPS upper stage was stacked on 6 July 2021. Following the completion of umbilical retract testing and integrated modal testing, the Orion stage adapter with ten secondary payloads was stacked atop the upper stage on 8 October 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a></sup>
</p><p>The Artemis 1 Orion spacecraft began fueling and pre-launch servicing in the <a href="/wiki/Multi-Payload_Processing_Facility" title="Multi-Payload Processing Facility">Multi-Payload Processing Facility</a> on 16 January 2021, following a handover to NASA Exploration Ground Systems (EGS).<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a></sup> On 20 October 2021, the Orion spacecraft, encapsulated under the launch abort system and aerodynamic cover, was rolled over to the VAB and stacked atop the SLS rocket, finishing the stacking of the Artemis 1 vehicle in High Bay-3.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a></sup> During a period of extensive integrated testing and checkouts, one of the four RS-25 engine controllers failed, requiring a replacement and delaying the first rollout of the rocket.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Launch_preparations">Launch preparations</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_1&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Launch preparations">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis_1_SLS_Rollout_(cropped).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Artemis_1_SLS_Rollout_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Artemis_1_SLS_Rollout_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Artemis_1_SLS_Rollout_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Artemis_1_SLS_Rollout_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Artemis_1_SLS_Rollout_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Artemis_1_SLS_Rollout_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2339" data-file-height="3026" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis_1_SLS_Rollout_(cropped).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>First rollout of SLS in March 2022; it was then rolled back in for repairs</div></div></div>
<p>On 17 March 2022, Artemis 1 rolled out of High Bay 3 from the <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_Assembly_Building" title="Vehicle Assembly Building">Vehicle Assembly Building</a> for the first time to perform a pre-launch wet dress rehearsal (WDR). The initial WDR attempt, on 3 April, was scrubbed due to a mobile launcher pressurization problem.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a></sup> A second attempt to complete the test was scrubbed on 4 April, after problems with supplying gaseous nitrogen to the launch complex, liquid oxygen temperatures, and a vent valve stuck in a closed position.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a></sup>
</p><p>During preparations for a third attempt, a <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a> <a href="/wiki/Check_valve" title="Check valve">check valve</a> on the ICPS upper stage was kept in a semi-open position by a small piece of rubber originating from one of the mobile launcher's umbilical arms, forcing test conductors to delay fueling the stage until the valve could be replaced in the VAB.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a></sup> The third attempt to finish the test did not include fueling the upper stage. The rocket's liquid oxygen tank started loading successfully. However, during the loading of liquid hydrogen on the core stage, a leak was discovered on the tail service mast umbilical plate, located on the mobile launcher at the base of the rocket, forcing another early end to the test.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a></sup>
</p><p>NASA elected to roll the vehicle back to the VAB to repair the hydrogen leak and the ICPS helium check valve while upgrading the nitrogen supply at LC-39B after prolonged outages on the three previous wet dress rehearsals. Artemis 1 was rolled back to the VAB on 26 April.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a></sup> After the repairs and upgrades were complete the Artemis 1 vehicle rolled out to LC-39B for a second time on 6 June to complete the test.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a></sup>
</p><p>During the fourth wet dress rehearsal attempt on 20 June, the rocket was fully loaded with propellant on both stages. Still, due to a hydrogen leak on the quick-disconnect connection of the tail service mast umbilical, the countdown could not reach the planned T-9.3 seconds mark and was stopped automatically at T-29 seconds. NASA mission managers soon determined they had completed almost all planned test objectives and declared the WDR campaign complete.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 2 July, the Artemis 1 stack was rolled back to the VAB for final launch preparations and to fix the hydrogen leak on the quick disconnect ahead of a launch targeted in two launch windows: 29 August and 5 September.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a></sup> The SLS passed flight readiness review on 23 August, checking out five days before the first launch opportunity.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Initial_launch_attempts">Initial launch attempts</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_1&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Initial launch attempts">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Fueling was scheduled to commence just after midnight on 29 August 2022 but was delayed an hour due to offshore storms, only beginning at 1:13 am EDT. Before the planned launch at 8:33 am, Engine 3 of the rocket's four engines was observed to be above the maximum allowable temperature limit for launch.<sup id="cite_ref-CNNAug29_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNNAug29-63">[62]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-64">[63]</a></sup> Other technical difficulties involved an eleven-minute communications delay between the spacecraft and ground control, a fuel leak, and a crack on the insulating foam of the connection joints between the liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen tanks.<sup id="cite_ref-CNNAug29_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNNAug29-63">[62]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Speck_2022_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Speck_2022-65">[64]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a></sup> NASA scrubbed the launch after an unplanned hold and the two-hour <a href="/wiki/Launch_window" title="Launch window">launch window</a> expired.<sup id="cite_ref-IndependentLiveBlogAug29_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndependentLiveBlogAug29-67">[66]</a></sup> An investigation revealed that a sensor not used to determine launch readiness was faulty, and displayed an erroneously high temperature for Engine 3.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-64">[63]</a></sup>
</p><p>Following the first attempt, a second launch attempt was scheduled for the afternoon of 3 September.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a></sup> The launch window would have opened at 2:17 pm <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">EDT</a>, or 18:17 <a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a>, and lasted for two hours.<sup id="cite_ref-sn-20220830_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sn-20220830-69">[68]</a></sup> The launch was scrubbed at 11:17 am due to a fuel supply line leak in a service arm connecting to the engine section.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_Blogs_Sep32022_11:22_am_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_Blogs_Sep32022_11:22_am-70">[69]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SN-20220903_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SN-20220903-10">[9]</a></sup> The cause of the leak was uncertain. Mission operators investigated whether an overpressurization of the liquid hydrogen line of the quick-disconnect interface during the launch attempt may have damaged a seal, allowing hydrogen to escape.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-71">[70]</a></sup>
</p><p>Launch operators decided on the date for the next launch attempt; the earliest possible opportunity was 19 September<sup id="cite_ref-TWP-20220903_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TWP-20220903-72">[71]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NPR-20220903_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR-20220903-73">[72]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NASA-Kraft_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-Kraft-5">[4]</a></sup> until mission managers declared that 27 September, and then 30 September, would be the absolute earliest date, NASA having successfully repaired the leak.<sup id="cite_ref-NSF-20220908_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NSF-20220908-74">[73]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NASA0912_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA0912-75">[74]</a></sup> A launch in September would have required that the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Range" title="Eastern Range">Eastern Range</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force" title="United States Space Force">United States Space Force</a> agree to an extension on certification of the rocket's flight termination system, which destroys the rocket should it move off-course and towards a populated area;<sup id="cite_ref-:3_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-71">[70]</a></sup> this was carried out on 22 September.<sup id="cite_ref-Zizo_2022_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zizo_2022-76">[75]</a></sup> However, unfavorable forecasts of the trajectory of then-<a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ian" title="Hurricane Ian">Tropical Storm Ian</a> led launch managers to call off the 27 September launch attempt and begin preparations for the stack's rollback to the VAB.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_Ian_Update_0924_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_Ian_Update_0924-77">[76]</a></sup> On the morning of 26 September, the decision was made to roll back later that evening.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_Blogs_2022Sept26_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_Blogs_2022Sept26-78">[77]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SN-20220927_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SN-20220927-79">[78]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 12 November, following another delay due to <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Nicole_(2022)" title="Hurricane Nicole (2022)">Hurricane Nicole</a>, NASA launch managers decided to request launch opportunities for 16 and 19 November. They initially requested an opportunity for the 14th but were prevented by then-Tropical Storm Nicole.<sup id="cite_ref-nasa-20221108_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa-20221108-4">[3]</a></sup> As the storm approached, NASA decided to leave the rocket at the launch pad, citing a low probability that wind speeds would exceed the rocket's design limits.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a></sup> Wind speeds were expected to reach 29 mph (47 km/h), with gusts up to 46 mph (74 km/h). Nicole made landfall as a category one hurricane on 9 November, with sustained wind speeds at Kennedy Space Center reaching 85 mph (137 km/h), and gusts up to 100 mph (160 km/h), exceeding the rocket's design specifications. After the storm cleared, NASA inspected the rocket for physical damage and conducted electronic health checks.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_Nicole_Update_1111_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA_Nicole_Update_1111-81">[80]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a></sup> On 15 November, the mission management team gave a "go" to begin fully preparing for launch, and the main tanking procedures began at 3:30 pm EST (8:30 pm UTC).<sup id="cite_ref-NASA-20221114_countdown_begins_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-20221114_countdown_begins-6">[5]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Flight">Flight</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_1&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Flight">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Launch">Launch</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_1&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Launch">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Launch_of_Artemis_1_(NHQ202211160005).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Launch_of_Artemis_1_%28NHQ202211160005%29.jpg/220px-Launch_of_Artemis_1_%28NHQ202211160005%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="88" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Launch_of_Artemis_1_%28NHQ202211160005%29.jpg/330px-Launch_of_Artemis_1_%28NHQ202211160005%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Launch_of_Artemis_1_%28NHQ202211160005%29.jpg/440px-Launch_of_Artemis_1_%28NHQ202211160005%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5295" data-file-height="2117" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Launch_of_Artemis_1_(NHQ202211160005).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Launch of Artemis 1</div></div></div>
<p>At 1:47:44 am EST (6:47:44 UTC) on November 16, 2022, Artemis 1 successfully launched from <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39B" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39B">Launch Complex 39B</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a>, the first time in nearly 50 years <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> has launched a rocket intended for human travel to the moon, the last time being <a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">Apollo 17</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters_1_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters_1-84">[83]</a></sup> This launch also marks the first time since <a href="/wiki/Ares_I-X" title="Ares I-X">Ares I-X</a> that a rocket has launched from Launch Complex 39B. The <a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Orion spacecraft</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interim_Cryogenic_Propulsion_Stage" class="mw-redirect" title="Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage">ICPS</a> were both placed into a nominal orbit after separating from the <a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">Space Launch System</a>, achieving orbit approximately 8 minutes after launch.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3">[2]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Lunar_orbit">Lunar orbit</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_1&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Lunar orbit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Orion_and_Earth_(art001e000095).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Orion_and_Earth_%28art001e000095%29.jpg/220px-Orion_and_Earth_%28art001e000095%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Orion_and_Earth_%28art001e000095%29.jpg/330px-Orion_and_Earth_%28art001e000095%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Orion_and_Earth_%28art001e000095%29.jpg/440px-Orion_and_Earth_%28art001e000095%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Orion_and_Earth_(art001e000095).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Earth viewed from the Orion spacecraft after <a href="/wiki/Trans-lunar_injection" title="Trans-lunar injection">TLI</a></div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Distant_view_of_the_Moon,_Artemis_1.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Distant_view_of_the_Moon%2C_Artemis_1.jpg/220px-Distant_view_of_the_Moon%2C_Artemis_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Distant_view_of_the_Moon%2C_Artemis_1.jpg/330px-Distant_view_of_the_Moon%2C_Artemis_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Distant_view_of_the_Moon%2C_Artemis_1.jpg/440px-Distant_view_of_the_Moon%2C_Artemis_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="2048" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Distant_view_of_the_Moon,_Artemis_1.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The Moon, as seen from the Orion spacecraft, on the fourth day of the mission</div></div></div>
<p>Eighty-nine minutes after liftoff, the ICPS fired for approximately eighteen minutes for a trans-lunar injection (TLI) burn. After that, Orion separated from the expended stage and fired its auxiliary thrusters to move safely away as it started its journey to the Moon.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a></sup> The ICPS then deployed 10 <a href="/wiki/CubeSat" title="CubeSat">CubeSats</a> as secondary payloads from the Orion Stage Adapter.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a></sup> A final burn was completed at three and a half hours after launch to dispose itself into a <a href="/wiki/Heliocentric_orbit" title="Heliocentric orbit">heliocentric orbit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a></sup>
</p><p>On the fifth day of flight, November 20, 2022 at 1:09 p.m. CST, the Orion spacecraft entered the Lunar <a href="/wiki/Sphere_of_influence_(astrodynamics)" title="Sphere of influence (astrodynamics)">sphere of influence</a>, thus the Moon's gravitational force became stronger than Earth's relative to the spacecraft.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a></sup>
</p><p>On November 21, 2022, Orion <a href="/wiki/Line-of-sight_propagation" title="Line-of-sight propagation">lost communication with NASA as it passed behind the Moon</a> from 7:25 a.m. EST through 7:59 a.m. Therefore, during an <a href="/wiki/AI" class="mw-redirect" title="AI">AI</a>-controlled maneuver, the first of a pair of trajectory-altering burns, called "outbound powered flyby burn(s)",<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a></sup> to transition Orion to a <a href="/wiki/Distant_retrograde_orbit" title="Distant retrograde orbit">distant retrograde orbit</a> began at 7:44 a.m. EST. The orbital maneuvering system engine fired for two minutes and thirty seconds. While still autonomous, Orion made its closest lunar approach of approximately 150 km (81 nmi) above the surface at 7:57 a.m.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a></sup> The spacecraft will perform the second and final outbound powered flyby burn on November 25.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Payloads">Payloads</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_1&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Payloads">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:AstroRad_NASA.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/AstroRad_NASA.jpg/220px-AstroRad_NASA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/AstroRad_NASA.jpg/330px-AstroRad_NASA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/AstroRad_NASA.jpg/440px-AstroRad_NASA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5568" data-file-height="3712" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:AstroRad_NASA.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/StemRad#AstroRad" title="StemRad">AstroRad</a> vest on the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a></div></div></div>
<p>The Orion spacecraft is carrying three astronaut-like mannequins equipped with sensors to provide data on what crew members may experience during a trip to the Moon.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a></sup> The first mannequin, called "Captain Moonikin Campos" (named after <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Campos" title="Arturo Campos">Arturo Campos</a>, a NASA engineer during the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo program</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-planetarysoclaunchguide_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-planetarysoclaunchguide-93">[92]</a></sup> occupies the commander's seat inside Orion and is equipped with two radiation sensors in his Orion Crew Survival System suit, which astronauts will wear during launch, entry, and other dynamic phases of their missions. The commander's seat also has sensors to record acceleration and vibration data during the mission.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a></sup>
</p><p>Alongside Moonikin are two phantom torsos: Helga and Zohar, who will take part in the Matroshka AstroRad Radiation Experiment (MARE), in which NASA, together with the <a href="/wiki/German_Aerospace_Center" title="German Aerospace Center">German Aerospace Center</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Space_Agency" title="Israel Space Agency">Israel Space Agency</a>, will measure the radiation exposure during the mission. Zohar is shielded with the <a href="/wiki/StemRad#AstroRad" title="StemRad">Astrorad radiation vest</a> and equipped with sensors to determine radiation risks. Helga does not wear a vest. The phantoms will measure the radiation exposure of body location, with both passive and active <a href="/wiki/Dosimeter" title="Dosimeter">dosimeters</a> distributed at sensitive and high <a href="/wiki/Stem_cell" title="Stem cell">stem cell</a>-concentration tissues.<sup id="cite_ref-Phantoms_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Phantoms-95">[94]</a></sup> The test is to provide data on radiation levels during missions to the Moon while testing the effectiveness of the vest.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a></sup> In addition to the three mannequins, Orion carries NASA's <a href="/wiki/Snoopy" title="Snoopy">Snoopy</a><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a></sup> and ESA's <a href="/wiki/Shaun_the_Sheep" title="Shaun the Sheep">Shaun the Sheep</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a></sup>
</p><p>Besides these functional payloads, Artemis 1 also carries commemorative stickers, patches, seeds, and flags from contractors and space agencies worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a></sup> A technology demonstration called Callisto, named after <a href="/wiki/Callisto_(mythology)" title="Callisto (mythology)">the mythical figure</a> associated with Artemis, developed by Lockheed Martin in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cisco" title="Cisco">Cisco</a>, is also in flight aboard Orion on Artemis 1. Callisto will use video conferencing software to transmit audio and video from mission control and use the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Alexa" title="Amazon Alexa">Alexa</a> virtual assistant to respond to the audio messages. In addition, the public can submit messages to be displayed on Callisto during the Artemis 1 mission.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Cubesats">Cubesats</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_1&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cubesats">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:ARTEMIS-1_(CUBESATS).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/ARTEMIS-1_%28CUBESATS%29.jpg/220px-ARTEMIS-1_%28CUBESATS%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/ARTEMIS-1_%28CUBESATS%29.jpg/330px-ARTEMIS-1_%28CUBESATS%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/ARTEMIS-1_%28CUBESATS%29.jpg/440px-ARTEMIS-1_%28CUBESATS%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:ARTEMIS-1_(CUBESATS).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Orion spacecraft's stage adapter with nine out of ten CubeSats installed</div></div></div>
<p>Ten low-cost <a href="/wiki/CubeSat" title="CubeSat">CubeSat</a> missions fly as <a href="/wiki/Secondary_payload" title="Secondary payload">secondary payloads</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-101">[100]</a></sup> They are in six-unit configurations<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a></sup> and reside within the Stage Adapter, above the second stage. Two were selected through NASA's <a href="/wiki/Next_Space_Technologies_for_Exploration_Partnerships" title="Next Space Technologies for Exploration Partnerships">Next Space Technologies for Exploration Partnerships</a>, three through the Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate, two through the <a href="/wiki/Science_Mission_Directorate" title="Science Mission Directorate">Science Mission Directorate</a>, and three from submissions by NASA's international partners.<sup id="cite_ref-AdapterInstalled_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AdapterInstalled-103">[102]</a></sup> These CubeSats are:<sup id="cite_ref-:5_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-101">[100]</a></sup>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/ArgoMoon" title="ArgoMoon">ArgoMoon</a>, designed by <a href="/wiki/Argotec" title="Argotec">Argotec</a> and coordinated by the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Space_Agency" title="Italian Space Agency">Italian Space Agency</a>, is designed to image the Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/BioSentinel" title="BioSentinel">BioSentinel</a> contains <a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">yeast</a> cards that will be rehydrated in space, designed to detect, measure, and compare the <a href="/wiki/Health_threat_from_cosmic_rays" title="Health threat from cosmic rays">effects of deep space radiation</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/CubeSat_for_Solar_Particles" title="CubeSat for Solar Particles">CubeSat for Solar Particles</a>, designed by the <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Research_Institute" title="Southwest Research Institute">Southwest Research Institute</a>, will orbit the Sun in <a href="/wiki/Interplanetary_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Interplanetary space">interplanetary space</a> and study its <a href="/wiki/Solar_energetic_particles" title="Solar energetic particles">particles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sun#Magnetic_field" title="Sun">magnetic fields</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/EQUULEUS" title="EQUULEUS">EQUULEUS</a>, designed by Japan's <a href="/wiki/JAXA" title="JAXA">JAXA</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tokyo" title="University of Tokyo">University of Tokyo</a>, will image the Earth's <a href="/wiki/Plasmasphere" title="Plasmasphere">plasmasphere</a>, impact craters on the <a href="/wiki/Far_side_of_the_Moon" title="Far side of the Moon">Moon's far side</a>, and small trajectory maneuvers near the Moon.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_IceCube" title="Lunar IceCube">Lunar IceCube</a>, a lunar orbiter designed by <a href="/wiki/Morehead_State_University" title="Morehead State University">Morehead State University</a>, will use its <a href="/wiki/Infrared_spectroscopy" title="Infrared spectroscopy">infrared spectrometer</a> to detect water and organic compounds in the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_surface" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar surface">lunar surface</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_of_the_Moon" title="Atmosphere of the Moon">exosphere</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Polar_Hydrogen_Mapper" title="Lunar Polar Hydrogen Mapper">Lunar Polar Hydrogen Mapper</a> ("LunaH-Map"), selected by the NASA <a href="/wiki/Small_Innovative_Missions_for_Planetary_Exploration" title="Small Innovative Missions for Planetary Exploration">SIMPLEx program</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-simplex-2015_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-simplex-2015-104">[103]</a></sup> a lunar orbiter designed by <a href="/wiki/Arizona_State_University" title="Arizona State University">Arizona State University</a>, will search for evidence of <a href="/wiki/Lunar_water" title="Lunar water">lunar water ice</a> inside <a href="/wiki/Permanently_shadowed_crater" title="Permanently shadowed crater">permanently shadowed craters</a> using its neutron detector.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_Asteroid_Scout" title="Near-Earth Asteroid Scout">Near-Earth Asteroid Scout</a>, designed by NASA's <a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a>, is a <a href="/wiki/Solar_sail" title="Solar sail">solar sail</a> that will flyby a <a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_asteroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-Earth asteroid">near-Earth asteroid</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/OMOTENASHI" title="OMOTENASHI">OMOTENASHI</a>, designed by <a href="/wiki/JAXA" title="JAXA">JAXA</a>, is a lunar probe attempting to land using <a href="/wiki/Solid_rocket_motor" class="mw-redirect" title="Solid rocket motor">solid rocket motors</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/LunIR" title="LunIR">LunIR</a>, designed by Lockheed Martin, is to fly by the Moon and collect its surface <a href="/wiki/Infrared_spectroscopy" title="Infrared spectroscopy">thermography</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Team_Miles" title="Team Miles">Team Miles</a>, designed by Fluid and Reason LLC, will demonstrate <a href="/wiki/Plasma_propulsion_engine" title="Plasma propulsion engine">low-thrust plasma propulsion</a> in deep space.</li></ul>
<p>Another three CubeSats were originally planned to launch on Artemis 1 but missed the integration deadline, and will have to find alternative flights to the Moon. The stage adapter contains thirteen CubeSat deployers in total.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a></sup>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cislunar_Explorers" title="Cislunar Explorers">Cislunar Explorers</a> would demonstrate the viability of <a href="/wiki/Water_electrolysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Water electrolysis">water electrolysis</a> propulsion and interplanetary optical navigation to orbit the Moon. It was designed by <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>, Ithaca, New York.<sup id="cite_ref-ss-202110032_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ss-202110032-106">[105]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Flashlight" title="Lunar Flashlight">Lunar Flashlight</a> is a lunar orbiter that would seek exposed water ice and map its concentration at the 1–2 km (0.62–1.24 mi) scale within the permanently shadowed regions of the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_south_pole" title="Lunar south pole">lunar south pole</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SSERVI_Flash2015_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSERVI_Flash2015-107">[106]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RPMWall_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RPMWall-108">[107]</a></sup> Remanifested on Hakuto-R Mission 1 on a Falcon 9.<sup id="cite_ref-nasa-20221028_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa-20221028-109">[108]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Escape_Explorer" title="Earth Escape Explorer">Earth Escape Explorer</a> would demonstrate long-distance communications while in <a href="/wiki/Heliocentric_orbit" title="Heliocentric orbit">heliocentric orbit</a>. It was designed by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado_Boulder" title="University of Colorado Boulder">University of Colorado Boulder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ss-202110032_106-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ss-202110032-106">[105]</a></sup></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Media_outreach">Media outreach</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_1&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Media outreach">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis_1_Boarding-pass.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Artemis_1_Boarding-pass.jpg/220px-Artemis_1_Boarding-pass.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="90" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Artemis_1_Boarding-pass.jpg/330px-Artemis_1_Boarding-pass.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Artemis_1_Boarding-pass.jpg/440px-Artemis_1_Boarding-pass.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="490" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis_1_Boarding-pass.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Sample souvenir boarding pass for those who registered their names to be flown aboard the Artemis 1 mission</div></div></div><p>The Artemis 1 <a href="/wiki/Mission_patch" title="Mission patch">mission patch</a> was created by NASA designers of the SLS, Orion spacecraft and <a href="/wiki/Exploration_Ground_Systems" title="Exploration Ground Systems">Exploration Ground Systems</a> teams. The silver border represents the color of the Orion spacecraft; at the center, the SLS and Orion are depicted. Three lightning towers surrounding the rocket symbolize Launch Complex 39B, from which Artemis 1 will launch. The red and blue mission trajectories encompassing the white full Moon represent Americans and people in the European Space Agency who work on Artemis 1.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a></sup>
</p><p>The Artemis 1 flight is frequently marketed as the beginning of Artemis's "Moon to Mars" program,<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a></sup> though there is no concrete plan for a crewed mission to Mars within NASA as of 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a></sup> To raise public awareness, NASA made a website for the public to get a digital boarding pass of the mission. The names submitted are written into a hard drive inside the Orion spacecraft.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a></sup> Also aboard the capsule is a digital copy of the 14,000 entries for the Moon Pod Essay Contest hosted by Future Engineers for NASA.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_1&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Artemis_missions" title="List of Artemis missions">List of Artemis missions</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_1&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An Orion capsule was <a href="/wiki/Exploration_Flight_Test-1" title="Exploration Flight Test-1">flown</a> in 2014, but not the entire Orion spacecraft.</span>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_1&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1011085734"/><div class="reflist">
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1067248974">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation report cs1">Artemis: brand book (Report). Washington, D.C.: NASA. 2019. NP-2019-07-2735-HQ. <q>MISSION NAMING CONVENTION: While Apollo mission patches used numbers and roman numerals throughout the program, Artemis mission names will use a roman numeral convention.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Artemis%3A+brand+book&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+1" class="Z3988"></span> <img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a><i>.</i></span>
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<li id="cite_note-auto-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CMLD0Lp0JBg"><i>Artemis I Launch to the Moon (Official NASA Broadcast) – Nov. 16, 2022</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Artemis+I+Launch+to+the+Moon+%28Official+NASA+Broadcast%29+%E2%80%93+Nov.+16%2C+2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DCMLD0Lp0JBg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+1" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-nasa-20221108-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nasa-20221108_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nasa-20221108_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: The named reference <code>nasa-20221108</code> was invoked but never defined (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_text" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text">help page</a>).</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-NASA-Kraft-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NASA-Kraft_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NASA-Kraft_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFKraft2022" class="citation web cs1">Kraft, Rachel (16 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasa.gov/feature/artemis-i-mission-availability">"Artemis I Mission Availability"</a>. NASA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Artemis+I+Mission+Availability&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=2022-05-16&rft.aulast=Kraft&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Ffeature%2Fartemis-i-mission-availability&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+1" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:8-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:8_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2017/07/sls-upper-stage-residency-former-home-iss-modules/">"SLS Upper Stage set to take up residence in the former home of ISS modules"</a>. 11 July 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807132155/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2017/07/sls-upper-stage-residency-former-home-iss-modules/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SLS+Upper+Stage+set+to+take+up+residence+in+the+former+home+of+ISS+modules&rft.date=2017-07-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2017%2F07%2Fsls-upper-stage-residency-former-home-iss-modules%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+1" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/11/egs-artemis-1-testing-checkout/">"EGS, Jacobs begin Artemis 1 pre-launch testing and checkout push"</a>. 11 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111742/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/11/egs-artemis-1-testing-checkout/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EGS%2C+Jacobs+begin+Artemis+1+pre-launch+testing+and+checkout+push&rft.date=2021-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2021%2F11%2Fegs-artemis-1-testing-checkout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+1" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/12/engine-controller-artemis-1-delay/">"Engine controller replacement details behind Artemis 1 launch delay"</a>. 22 December 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111742/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/12/engine-controller-artemis-1-delay/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Engine+controller+replacement+details+behind+Artemis+1+launch+delay&rft.date=2021-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2021%2F12%2Fengine-controller-artemis-1-delay%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+1" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/03/artemis-i-wet-dress-rehearsal-scrub/">"Artemis I Wet Dress Rehearsal Scrub – Artemis"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111826/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/03/artemis-i-wet-dress-rehearsal-scrub/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Artemis+I+Wet+Dress+Rehearsal+Scrub+%E2%80%93+Artemis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.nasa.gov%2Fartemis%2F2022%2F04%2F03%2Fartemis-i-wet-dress-rehearsal-scrub%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+1" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/05/nasa-prepares-for-next-artemis-i-wet-dress-rehearsal-attempt/">"NASA Prepares for Next Artemis I Wet Dress Rehearsal Attempt – Artemis"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111828/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/05/nasa-prepares-for-next-artemis-i-wet-dress-rehearsal-attempt/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA+Prepares+for+Next+Artemis+I+Wet+Dress+Rehearsal+Attempt+%E2%80%93+Artemis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.nasa.gov%2Fartemis%2F2022%2F04%2F05%2Fnasa-prepares-for-next-artemis-i-wet-dress-rehearsal-attempt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+1" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/09/artemis-i-wet-dress-rehearsal-update/">"Artemis I Wet Dress Rehearsal Update – Artemis"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111744/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/09/artemis-i-wet-dress-rehearsal-update/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Artemis+I+Wet+Dress+Rehearsal+Update+%E2%80%93+Artemis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.nasa.gov%2Fartemis%2F2022%2F04%2F09%2Fartemis-i-wet-dress-rehearsal-update%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+1" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/05/06/artemis-i-rocket-spacecraft-prepare-for-return-to-launch-pad-to-finish-test/">"Artemis I Rocket, Spacecraft Prepare for Return to Launch Pad to Finish Test – Artemis"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111831/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/05/06/artemis-i-rocket-spacecraft-prepare-for-return-to-launch-pad-to-finish-test/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Artemis+I+Rocket%2C+Spacecraft+Prepare+for+Return+to+Launch+Pad+to+Finish+Test+%E2%80%93+Artemis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.nasa.gov%2Fartemis%2F2022%2F05%2F06%2Fartemis-i-rocket-spacecraft-prepare-for-return-to-launch-pad-to-finish-test%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+1" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/14/artemis-i-wdr-update-third-test-attempt-concluded/">"Artemis I WDR Update: Third Test Attempt Concluded – Artemis"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111744/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/14/artemis-i-wdr-update-third-test-attempt-concluded/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Artemis+I+WDR+Update%3A+Third+Test+Attempt+Concluded+%E2%80%93+Artemis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.nasa.gov%2Fartemis%2F2022%2F04%2F14%2Fartemis-i-wdr-update-third-test-attempt-concluded%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+1" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/04/sls-wdr-2/">"NASA calls off modified Artemis 1 Wet Dress Rehearsal for hydrogen leak"</a>. 14 April 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111741/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/04/sls-wdr-2/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA+calls+off+modified+Artemis+1+Wet+Dress+Rehearsal+for+hydrogen+leak&rft.date=2022-04-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2022%2F04%2Fsls-wdr-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+1" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/14/artemis-i-update-teams-extending-current-hold-gaseous-nitrogen-supply-reestablished/">"Artemis I Update: Teams Extending Current Hold, Gaseous Nitrogen Supply Reestablished – Artemis"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220610230727/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/14/artemis-i-update-teams-extending-current-hold-gaseous-nitrogen-supply-reestablished/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Artemis+I+Update%3A+Teams+Extending+Current+Hold%2C+Gaseous+Nitrogen+Supply+Reestablished+%E2%80%93+Artemis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.nasa.gov%2Fartemis%2F2022%2F04%2F14%2Fartemis-i-update-teams-extending-current-hold-gaseous-nitrogen-supply-reestablished%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+1" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/04/artemis-1-vab-nasa-discusses-what-next/">"Artemis 1 vehicle heads back to VAB while NASA discusses what to do next"</a>. 25 April 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220623193413/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/04/artemis-1-vab-nasa-discusses-what-next/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Artemis+1+vehicle+heads+back+to+VAB+while+NASA+discusses+what+to+do+next&rft.date=2022-04-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2022%2F04%2Fartemis-1-vab-nasa-discusses-what-next%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+1" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/26/artemis-i-moon-rocket-arrives-at-vehicle-assembly-building/">"Artemis I Moon Rocket Arrives at Vehicle Assembly Building – Artemis"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220624221030/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/04/26/artemis-i-moon-rocket-arrives-at-vehicle-assembly-building/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Artemis+I+Moon+Rocket+Arrives+at+Vehicle+Assembly+Building+%E2%80%93+Artemis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.nasa.gov%2Fartemis%2F2022%2F04%2F26%2Fartemis-i-moon-rocket-arrives-at-vehicle-assembly-building%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+1" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFJosh_Dinner2022" class="citation web cs1">Josh Dinner (6 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space.com/nasa-artemis-1-moon-rocket-returns-launch-pad-testing">"NASA's Artemis 1 moon rocket returns to launch pad for crucial tests"</a>. <i>Space.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220610214719/https://www.space.com/nasa-artemis-1-moon-rocket-returns-launch-pad-testing">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Space.com&rft.atitle=NASA%27s+Artemis+1+moon+rocket+returns+to+launch+pad+for+crucial+tests&rft.date=2022-06-06&rft.au=Josh+Dinner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2Fnasa-artemis-1-moon-rocket-returns-launch-pad-testing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+1" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spacenews.com/nasa-declares-sls-countdown-rehearsal-complete/">"NASA declares SLS countdown rehearsal complete"</a>. 24 June 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220827025343/https://spacenews.com/nasa-declares-sls-countdown-rehearsal-complete/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA+declares+SLS+countdown+rehearsal+complete&rft.date=2022-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspacenews.com%2Fnasa-declares-sls-countdown-rehearsal-complete%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+1" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2022/06/22/nasa-not-planning-another-artemis-1-countdown-dress-rehearsal/">"NASA not planning another Artemis 1 countdown dress rehearsal – Spaceflight Now"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220703054811/https://spaceflightnow.com/2022/06/22/nasa-not-planning-another-artemis-1-countdown-dress-rehearsal/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA+not+planning+another+Artemis+1+countdown+dress+rehearsal+%E2%80%93+Spaceflight+Now&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspaceflightnow.com%2F2022%2F06%2F22%2Fnasa-not-planning-another-artemis-1-countdown-dress-rehearsal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+1" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/07/sls-rolled-back-final-launch-preps/">"SLS rolled back to VAB for final launch preparations"</a>. 2 July 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220703111742/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/07/sls-rolled-back-final-launch-preps/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SLS+rolled+back+to+VAB+for+final+launch+preparations&rft.date=2022-07-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2022%2F07%2Fsls-rolled-back-final-launch-preps%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+1" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFFoust2022" class="citation web cs1">Foust, Jeff (23 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spacenews.com/artemis-1-passes-flight-readiness-review/">"Artemis 1 passes flight readiness review"</a>. <i>SpaceNews</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220829160343/https://spacenews.com/artemis-1-passes-flight-readiness-review/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SpaceNews&rft.atitle=Artemis+1+passes+flight+readiness+review&rft.date=2022-08-23&rft.aulast=Foust&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspacenews.com%2Fartemis-1-passes-flight-readiness-review%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+1" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-CNNAug29-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CNNAug29_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNNAug29_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFCNN2022" class="citation news cs1">CNN, Ashley Strickland (29 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/29/world/nasa-artemis-1-launch-scn/index.html">"Today's Artemis I launch has been scrubbed after engine issue"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220829140305/https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/29/world/nasa-artemis-1-launch-scn/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Today%27s+Artemis+I+launch+has+been+scrubbed+after+engine+issue&rft.date=2022-08-29&rft.aulast=CNN&rft.aufirst=Ashley+Strickland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2022%2F08%2F29%2Fworld%2Fnasa-artemis-1-launch-scn%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+1" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:0-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spacepolicyonline.com/news/nasa-ready-to-try-artemis-i-again-on-saturday-and-see-what-the-day-brings/">"NASA Ready to Try Artemis I Again on Saturday and See What the Day Brings"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220903145954/https://spacepolicyonline.com/news/nasa-ready-to-try-artemis-i-again-on-saturday-and-see-what-the-day-brings/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA+Ready+to+Try+Artemis+I+Again+on+Saturday+and+See+What+the+Day+Brings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspacepolicyonline.com%2Fnews%2Fnasa-ready-to-try-artemis-i-again-on-saturday-and-see-what-the-day-brings%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+1" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Speck_2022-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Speck_2022_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFSpeck2022" class="citation web cs1">Speck, Emilee (23 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxweather.com/weather-news/artemis-1-launch-forecast-nasa-historic-moon-rocket-launch">"Artemis 1 countdown resumes for Saturday launch; weather forecast improves"</a>. <i>Fox Weather</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220828191854/https://www.foxweather.com/weather-news/artemis-1-launch-forecast-nasa-historic-moon-rocket-launch">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fox+Weather&rft.atitle=Artemis+1+countdown+resumes+for+Saturday+launch%3B+weather+forecast+improves&rft.date=2022-08-23&rft.aulast=Speck&rft.aufirst=Emilee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxweather.com%2Fweather-news%2Fartemis-1-launch-forecast-nasa-historic-moon-rocket-launch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+1" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFTariq_Malik2022" class="citation news cs1">Tariq Malik (29 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space.com/artemis-1-moon-rocket-launch-scrub">"NASA calls off Artemis 1 moon rocket launch over engine cooling issue"</a>. <i>Space.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220829133215/https://www.space.com/artemis-1-moon-rocket-launch-scrub">Archived</a> from the original on 29 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Space.com&rft.atitle=NASA+calls+off+Artemis+1+moon+rocket+launch+over+engine+cooling+issue&rft.date=2022-08-29&rft.au=Tariq+Malik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2Fartemis-1-moon-rocket-launch-scrub&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+1" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-IndependentLiveBlogAug29-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IndependentLiveBlogAug29_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFAnthony_CuthbertsonVishwam_SankaranJohanna_ChisholmJon_Kelvey2022" class="citation news cs1">Anthony Cuthbertson; Vishwam Sankaran; Johanna Chisholm; Jon Kelvey (29 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/space/artemis-launch-nasa-live-stream-watch-b2154809.html">"Nasa scrambles to fix Moon rocket issues ahead of Artemis launch – live"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220829160436/https://www.independent.co.uk/space/artemis-launch-nasa-live-stream-watch-b2154809.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Nasa+scrambles+to+fix+Moon+rocket+issues+ahead+of+Artemis+launch+%E2%80%93+live&rft.date=2022-08-29&rft.au=Anthony+Cuthbertson&rft.au=Vishwam+Sankaran&rft.au=Johanna+Chisholm&rft.au=Jon+Kelvey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fspace%2Fartemis-launch-nasa-live-stream-watch-b2154809.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+1" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFCNN2022" class="citation web cs1">CNN, Ashley Strickland (2 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/09/01/world/nasa-artemis-1-saturday-launch-update-scn/index.html">"Artemis I launch team is ready for another 'try' on Saturday"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220903145954/https://www.cnn.com/2022/09/01/world/nasa-artemis-1-saturday-launch-update-scn/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Artemis+I+launch+team+is+ready+for+another+%27try%27+on+Saturday&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2022-09-02&rft.aulast=CNN&rft.aufirst=Ashley+Strickland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2022%2F09%2F01%2Fworld%2Fnasa-artemis-1-saturday-launch-update-scn%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+1" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-sn-20220830-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sn-20220830_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFFoust2022" class="citation web cs1">Foust, Jeff (30 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spacenews.com/next-artemis-1-launch-attempt-set-for-sept-3/">"Next Artemis 1 launch attempt set for Sept. 3"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/SpaceNews" title="SpaceNews">SpaceNews</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220903145954/https://spacenews.com/next-artemis-1-launch-attempt-set-for-sept-3/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SpaceNews&rft.atitle=Next+Artemis+1+launch+attempt+set+for+Sept.+3&rft.date=2022-08-30&rft.aulast=Foust&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspacenews.com%2Fnext-artemis-1-launch-attempt-set-for-sept-3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+1" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-NASA_Blogs_Sep32022_11:22_am-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NASA_Blogs_Sep32022_11:22_am_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFKraft" class="citation web cs1">Kraft, Rachel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/09/03/artemis-i-launch-attempt-scrubbed/">"Artemis I Launch Attempt Scrubbed"</a>. <i>NASA blog</i>. NASA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA+blog&rft.atitle=Artemis+I+Launch+Attempt+Scrubbed&rft.aulast=Kraft&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.nasa.gov%2Fartemis%2F2022%2F09%2F03%2Fartemis-i-launch-attempt-scrubbed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+1" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:3-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFClark" class="citation web cs1">Clark, Stephen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2022/09/08/nasa-officials-evaluating-late-september-launch-dates-for-artemis-1-moon-mission/">"NASA officials evaluating late September launch dates for Artemis 1 moon mission – Spaceflight Now"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA+officials+evaluating+late+September+launch+dates+for+Artemis+1+moon+mission+%E2%80%93+Spaceflight+Now&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspaceflightnow.com%2F2022%2F09%2F08%2Fnasa-officials-evaluating-late-september-launch-dates-for-artemis-1-moon-mission%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+1" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-TWP-20220903-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TWP-20220903_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFDavenport2022" class="citation news cs1">Davenport, Christian (3 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/09/03/artemis-launch/">"Artemis I mission faces weeks of delay after launch is scrubbed"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Artemis+I+mission+faces+weeks+of+delay+after+launch+is+scrubbed&rft.date=2022-09-03&rft.aulast=Davenport&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Ftechnology%2F2022%2F09%2F03%2Fartemis-launch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+1" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-NPR-20220903-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NPR-20220903_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFGreenfieldboyceHernandez2022" class="citation news cs1">Greenfieldboyce, Nell; Hernandez, Joe (3 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2022/09/03/1120742884/nasa-artemis-1-launch-saturday-time-moon-mission-rocket-orion-sls">"NASA won't try to launch the Artemis 1 moon mission again for at least a few weeks"</a>. NPR<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=NASA+won%27t+try+to+launch+the+Artemis+1+moon+mission+again+for+at+least+a+few+weeks&rft.date=2022-09-03&rft.aulast=Greenfieldboyce&rft.aufirst=Nell&rft.au=Hernandez%2C+Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2022%2F09%2F03%2F1120742884%2Fnasa-artemis-1-launch-saturday-time-moon-mission-rocket-orion-sls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+1" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-NSF-20220908-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NSF-20220908_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFGebhardt2022" class="citation web cs1">Gebhardt, Chris (8 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/09/artemis-i-update-sept8/">"NASA discusses path to SLS repairs as launch uncertainty looms for September, October"</a>. <i>NASASpaceflight</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASASpaceflight&rft.atitle=NASA+discusses+path+to+SLS+repairs+as+launch+uncertainty+looms+for+September%2C+October&rft.date=2022-09-08&rft.aulast=Gebhardt&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2022%2F09%2Fartemis-i-update-sept8%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+1" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-NASA0912-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NASA0912_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/09/12/nasa-adjusts-dates-for-artemis-i-cryogenic-demonstration-test-and-launch-progress-at-pad-continues/">"NASA Adjusts Dates for Artemis I Cryogenic Demonstration Test and Launch; Progress at Pad Continues"</a>. NASA. September 12, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA+Adjusts+Dates+for+Artemis+I+Cryogenic+Demonstration+Test+and+Launch%3B+Progress+at+Pad+Continues&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=2022-09-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.nasa.gov%2Fartemis%2F2022%2F09%2F12%2Fnasa-adjusts-dates-for-artemis-i-cryogenic-demonstration-test-and-launch-progress-at-pad-continues%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+1" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Zizo_2022-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zizo_2022_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1067248974"/><cite id="CITEREFZizo2022" class="citation web cs1">Zizo, Christie (22 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.clickorlando.com/news/space-news/2022/09/22/nasa-expected-to-announce-whether-artemis-i-can-launch-without-vab-rollback/">"NASA moves ahead with Artemis launch attempt next week with eye on weather"</a>. WKMG<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA+moves+ahead+with+Artemis+launch+attempt+next+week+with+eye+on+weather&rft.pub=WKMG&rft.date=2022-09-22&rft.aulast=Zizo&rft.aufirst=Christie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.clickorlando.com%2Fnews%2Fspace-news%2F2022%2F09%2F22%2Fnasa-expected-to-announce-whether-artemis-i-can-launch-without-vab-rollback%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+1" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_1&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Artemis_1" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Artemis 1"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Artemis 1</span></a>.</div></div>
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<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/artemis-i/">Official website</a></span></span> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3389152#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OZvDAAI_JM0"><span class="plainlinks">Simulation of Artemis 1 Launch and CubeSat Deployment</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/specials/trackartemis/">Artemis Real-time Orbit Website</a>, NASA</li></ul>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1061467846">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Artemis_program" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604349">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Artemis_program" title="Template:Artemis program"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Artemis_program" title="Template talk:Artemis program"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Artemis_program&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Artemis_program" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis program</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="*_List_of_missions_*_Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services_*_Exploration_Ground_Systems_*_Gateway_Logistics_Services">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Artemis_missions" title="List of Artemis missions">List of missions</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">Commercial Lunar Payload Services</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_Ground_Systems" title="Exploration Ground Systems">Exploration Ground Systems</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_Logistics_Services" title="Gateway Logistics Services">Gateway Logistics Services</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Uncrewed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Artemis 1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2022)</span></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Peregrine_Mission_One" class="mw-redirect" title="Peregrine Mission One">Peregrine Mission One</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2023)</span></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nova-C#First_flight" title="Nova-C">IM-1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2023)</span></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Masten_Space_Systems#XL-1" title="Masten Space Systems">MM1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2023)</span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Crewed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_2" title="Artemis 2">Artemis 2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2024)</span></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_3" title="Artemis 3">Artemis 3</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025)</span></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_4" title="Artemis 4">Artemis 4</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2027)</span></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_5" title="Artemis 5">Artemis 5</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2028)</span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis_program_(original_with_wordmark).svg" class="image"><img alt="Emblem of the Artemis program" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Artemis_program_%28original_with_wordmark%29.svg/80px-Artemis_program_%28original_with_wordmark%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="74" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Artemis_program_%28original_with_wordmark%29.svg/120px-Artemis_program_%28original_with_wordmark%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Artemis_program_%28original_with_wordmark%29.svg/160px-Artemis_program_%28original_with_wordmark%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Space_Agency" title="Australian Space Agency">Australian Space Agency</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Space_Agency" title="Canadian Space Agency">Canadian Space Agency</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Aerospace_Exploration_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency">Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/State_Space_Agency_of_Ukraine" title="State Space Agency of Ukraine">State Space Agency of Ukraine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Aerospace_Research_Institute" title="Korea Aerospace Research Institute">Korea Aerospace Research Institute</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Space_Agency" title="New Zealand Space Agency">New Zealand Space Agency</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Space_Agency" title="Brazilian Space Agency">Brazilian Space Agency</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Space_Commission" title="Saudi Space Commission">Saudi Space Commission</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Space_Force_Station" title="Cape Canaveral Space Force Station">Cape Canaveral Space Force Station</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC-37B" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC-37B">SLC-37B</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SLC-40" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC-40">SLC-40</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SLC-41" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC-41">SLC-41</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SLC-46" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC-46">SLC-46</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/LC-39A" class="mw-redirect" title="LC-39A">LC-39A</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/LC-39B" class="mw-redirect" title="LC-39B">LC-39B</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_C._Kraft_Jr._Mission_Control_Center" title="Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center">Mission Control Center</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_South_Texas_launch_site" class="mw-redirect" title="SpaceX South Texas launch site">SpaceX Starbase</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base" title="Vandenberg Space Force Base">Vandenberg Space Force Base</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC-3E" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC-3E">SLC-3E</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SLC-4E" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC-4E">SLC-4E</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/White_Sands_Missile_Range" title="White Sands Missile Range">White Sands Missile Range</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rockets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_Lab_Electron" title="Rocket Lab Electron">Electron</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9" title="Falcon 9">Falcon 9</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy" title="Falcon Heavy">Falcon Heavy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">Space Launch System</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starship" title="SpaceX Starship">Starship</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_Centaur" title="Vulcan Centaur">Vulcan Centaur</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Crewed spacecraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program#Human_Landing_System" title="Artemis program">Human Landing System</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Starship_HLS" title="Starship HLS">Starship</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Terrain_Vehicle" title="Lunar Terrain Vehicle">Lunar Terrain Vehicle</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Orion</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Robotic spacecraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/CAPSTONE" title="CAPSTONE">CAPSTONE</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/HERACLES_(spacecraft)" title="HERACLES (spacecraft)">HERACLES</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nova-C" title="Nova-C">Nova-C</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Peregrine_(spacecraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peregrine (spacecraft)">Peregrine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/VIPER_(rover)" title="VIPER (rover)"><i>VIPER</i> rover</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>
<ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Artemis_program" title="Category:Artemis program"><b>Category</b></a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Commons page" width="12" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Artemis_program" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Artemis program"><b>Commons</b></a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Orion_spacecraft" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orion_spacecraft" title="Template:Orion spacecraft"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orion_spacecraft" title="Template talk:Orion spacecraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Orion_spacecraft&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Orion_spacecraft" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Orion spacecraft</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="*_Category&#124;link=&#124;16x16px&#124;class=noviewer&#124;alt=_Category_*_Commons_page&#124;link=&#124;16x16px&#124;class=noviewer&#124;alt=_Commons">
<ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Category:Orion (spacecraft)"><b>Category</b></a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Commons page" width="12" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Orion_(spacecraft)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Orion (spacecraft)"><b>Commons</b></a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)#Crew_module_(CM)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Crew module</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/European_Service_Module" title="European Service Module">European Service Module</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Orion_Triangle_Patch.svg" class="image" title="Emblem of the Orion spacecraft"><img alt="Emblem of the Orion spacecraft" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Orion_Triangle_Patch.svg/80px-Orion_Triangle_Patch.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="71" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Orion_Triangle_Patch.svg/120px-Orion_Triangle_Patch.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Orion_Triangle_Patch.svg/160px-Orion_Triangle_Patch.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Constellation_program" title="Constellation program">Constellation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_Ground_Systems" title="Exploration Ground Systems">Exploration Ground Systems</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Launch vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ares_I" title="Ares I">Ares I</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ares_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Ares IV">Ares IV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Delta_IV_Heavy" title="Delta IV Heavy">Delta IV Heavy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Orion_Abort_Test_Booster" class="mw-redirect" title="Orion Abort Test Booster">Orion Abort Test Booster</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">Space Launch System</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Precursors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crew_Exploration_Vehicle" title="Crew Exploration Vehicle">Crew Exploration Vehicle</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Orion_abort_modes" title="Orion abort modes">Abort tests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Max_Launch_Abort_System" title="Max Launch Abort System">MLAS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Jul 2009)</span></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pad_Abort-1" title="Pad Abort-1">Pad Abort-1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(May 2010)</span></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ascent_Abort-2" title="Ascent Abort-2">Ascent Abort-2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Jul 2019)</span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uncrewed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ares_I-X" title="Ares I-X">Ares I-X</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Oct 2009)</span></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_Flight_Test-1" title="Exploration Flight Test-1">Exploration Flight Test-1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Dec 2014)</span></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Artemis 1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Nov 2022)</span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Crewed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_2" title="Artemis 2">Artemis 2</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2024)</span></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_3" title="Artemis 3">Artemis 3</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2025)</span></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_4" title="Artemis 4">Artemis 4</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2027)</span></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_5" title="Artemis 5">Artemis 5</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2028)</span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>
<ul><li>Future missions indicated in <i>italics</i>.</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spacecraft_missions_to_the_Moon" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Moon_spacecraft" title="Template:Moon spacecraft"><abbr title="View this template" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Moon_spacecraft" title="Template talk:Moon spacecraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Moon_spacecraft&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spacecraft_missions_to_the_Moon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon" title="List of missions to the Moon">Spacecraft missions</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_the_Moon" title="Exploration of the Moon">Exploration</a><br />programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_missions#Lunar" title="List of NASA missions">American</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">CLPS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_program" title="Lunar Orbiter program">Lunar Orbiter</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Precursor_Robotic_Program" title="Lunar Precursor Robotic Program">Lunar Precursor</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_program" title="Pioneer program">Pioneer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_program" title="Ranger program">Ranger</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_program" title="Surveyor program">Surveyor</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Chinese Lunar Exploration Program">Chinese (Chang'e)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan_programme" title="Chandrayaan programme">Indian (Chandrayaan)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Japanese Lunar Exploration Program">Japanese</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Danuri" title="Danuri">Korean</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Russian</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna-Glob" title="Luna-Glob">Luna-Glob</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_crewed_lunar_programs" title="Soviet crewed lunar programs">Crewed</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luna_programme" title="Luna programme">Luna</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_programme" title="Lunokhod programme">Lunokhod</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zond_program" title="Zond program">Zond</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Active<br />missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Orbiters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/THEMIS#ARTEMIS" title="THEMIS">ARTEMIS</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Artemis 1</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/ArgoMoon" title="ArgoMoon">ArgoMoon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/EQUULEUS" title="EQUULEUS">EQUULEUS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Polar_Hydrogen_Mapper" title="Lunar Polar Hydrogen Mapper">LunaH-Map</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_IceCube" title="Lunar IceCube">Lunar IceCube</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_Asteroid_Scout" title="Near-Earth Asteroid Scout">NEA Scout</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/OMOTENASHI" title="OMOTENASHI">OMOTENASHI</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/LunIR" title="LunIR">LunIR</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/CAPSTONE" title="CAPSTONE">CAPSTONE</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2" title="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan-2</a> Orbiter</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5-T1" title="Chang'e 5-T1">Chang'e 5-T1</a> (service module)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Danuri" title="Danuri">Danuri</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>en route</i>)</span></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao">Queqiao</a> (relay satellite at <a href="/wiki/Lagrange_point#L2" title="Lagrange point">L<sub>2</sub></a>)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Landers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_3" title="Chang'e 3">Chang'e 3</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4" title="Chang'e 4">Chang'e 4</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Rovers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yutu-2" title="Yutu-2">Yutu-2</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Past<br />missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Crewed landings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_12" title="Apollo 12">12</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_14" title="Apollo 14">14</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">15</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">16</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">17</a></i></li>
<li>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_astronauts" title="List of Apollo astronauts">List of Apollo astronauts</a>)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Orbiters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_8" title="Apollo 8">Apollo 8</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10">10</a></i>
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Apollo Lunar Module</a></i></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_1" title="Chang'e 1">Chang'e 1</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_2" title="Chang'e 2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-1" title="Chandrayaan-1">Chandrayaan-1</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Clementine_(spacecraft)" title="Clementine (spacecraft)">Clementine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_35" title="Explorer 35">Explorer 35</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_49" title="Explorer 49">49</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_Recovery_and_Interior_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory">GRAIL</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hiten_(spacecraft)" title="Hiten (spacecraft)">Hiten</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Atmosphere_and_Dust_Environment_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer">LADEE</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4#Microsatellites" title="Chang'e 4">Longjiang-2</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luna_10" title="Luna 10">Luna 10</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luna_11" title="Luna 11">11</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luna_12" title="Luna 12">12</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luna_14" title="Luna 14">14</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luna_19" title="Luna 19">19</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luna_22" title="Luna 22">22</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_1" title="Lunar Orbiter 1">Lunar Orbiter 1</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_2" title="Lunar Orbiter 2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_3" title="Lunar Orbiter 3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_4" title="Lunar Orbiter 4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_5" title="Lunar Orbiter 5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Prospector" title="Lunar Prospector">Lunar Prospector</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15#Lunar_subsatellite" title="Apollo 15">PFS-1</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16#Lunar_subsatellite_PFS-2" title="Apollo 16">PFS-2</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SMART-1" title="SMART-1">SMART-1</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SELENE" title="SELENE">SELENE (Kaguya, Okina, Ouna)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Spacecraft_that_impacted_the_Moon" title="Category:Spacecraft that impacted the Moon">Impactors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/LCROSS" title="LCROSS">LCROSS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luna_2" title="Luna 2">Luna 2</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Impact_Probe" title="Moon Impact Probe">Moon Impact Probe</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_4" title="Ranger 4">Ranger 4</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_6" title="Ranger 6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_7" title="Ranger 7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_8" title="Ranger 8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_9" title="Ranger 9">9</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Moon_landing" title="Moon landing">Landers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Apollo Lunar Module</a></i> ×6</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luna_9" title="Luna 9">Luna 9</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luna_13" title="Luna 13">13</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luna_16" title="Luna 16">16</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luna_17" title="Luna 17">17</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luna_20" title="Luna 20">20</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luna_21" title="Luna 21">21</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luna_23" title="Luna 23">23</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luna_24" title="Luna 24">24</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_1" title="Surveyor 1">Surveyor 1</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_3" title="Surveyor 3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_5" title="Surveyor 5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_6" title="Surveyor 6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_7" title="Surveyor 7">7</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_rover" title="Lunar rover">Rovers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Roving_Vehicle" title="Lunar Roving Vehicle">Lunar Roving Vehicle</a>
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">Apollo 15</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">16</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">17</a></i></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_1" title="Lunokhod 1">Lunokhod 1</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_2" title="Lunokhod 2">2</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yutu_(rover)" title="Yutu (rover)">Yutu</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Sample-return_mission" title="Sample-return mission">Sample return</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_12" title="Apollo 12">12</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_14" title="Apollo 14">14</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">15</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">16</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">17</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luna_16" title="Luna 16">Luna 16</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luna_20" title="Luna 20">20</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luna_24" title="Luna 24">24</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Failed landings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_2" title="Surveyor 2">Surveyor 2</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_4" title="Surveyor 4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luna_5" title="Luna 5">Luna 5</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luna_7" title="Luna 7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luna_8" title="Luna 8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luna_15" title="Luna 15">15</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luna_18" title="Luna 18">18</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Beresheet" title="Beresheet">Beresheet</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2#Vikram_lander" title="Chandrayaan-2">Vikram</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(rover)" title="Pragyan (rover)">Pragyan</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Lunar_flybys" title="Category:Lunar flybys">Flybys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Memorial_Moon_Mission" title="Manfred Memorial Moon Mission">4M</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_13" title="Apollo 13">Apollo 13</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/PAS-22" title="PAS-22">AsiaSat-3 / HGS-1</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5-T1" title="Chang'e 5-T1">Chang'e 5-T1 / Xiaofei</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Geotail" title="Geotail">Geotail</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_project" title="Galileo project">Galileo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/International_Cometary_Explorer" title="International Cometary Explorer">ICE</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4#Microsatellites" title="Chang'e 4">Longjiang-1</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luna_1" title="Luna 1">Luna 1</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luna_3" title="Luna 3">3</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luna_4" title="Luna 4">4</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luna_6" title="Luna 6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_10" title="Mariner 10">Mariner 10</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nozomi_(spacecraft)" title="Nozomi (spacecraft)">Nozomi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_4" title="Pioneer 4">Pioneer 4</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_5" title="Ranger 5">Ranger 5</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/STEREO" title="STEREO">STEREO</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite">TESS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe" title="Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe">WMAP</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wind_(spacecraft)" title="Wind (spacecraft)">Wind</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zond_3" title="Zond 3">Zond 3</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zond_5" title="Zond 5">5</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zond_6" title="Zond 6">6</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zond_7" title="Zond 7">7</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zond_8" title="Zond 8">8</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/PAS-22" title="PAS-22">PAS-22</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Planned<br />missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_2" title="Artemis 2">Artemis 2</a></i> (2024)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_3" title="Artemis 3">Artemis 3</a></i> (2025)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_4" title="Artemis 4">Artemis 4</a></i> (2027)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_5" title="Artemis 5">Artemis 5</a></i> (2028)</li>
<li><i>Artemis 6</i> (2029)</li>
<li><i>Artemis 7</i> (2030)</li>
<li><i>Artemis 8</i> (2031)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">CLPS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrobotic_Technology" title="Astrobotic Technology">Peregrine M1</a> (Q1 2023)
<ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asagumo_(rover)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asagumo (rover) (page does not exist)">Asagumo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/CubeRover" title="CubeRover">CubeRover</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Team_AngelicvM" title="Team AngelicvM">Uni</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nova-C" title="Nova-C">IM-1</a> (Mar 2023)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Masten_Space_Systems#XL-1" title="Masten Space Systems">XL-1</a> (Nov 2023)
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrobotic_Technology#Rovers" title="Astrobotic Technology">MoonRanger</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nova-C" title="Nova-C">IM-2</a> (2023)
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Trailblazer" title="Lunar Trailblazer">Lunar Trailblazer</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/VIPER_(rover)" title="VIPER (rover)">VIPER</a> (Nov 2024)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace#Blue_Ghost_lunar_lander" title="Firefly Aerospace">Blue Ghost</a> (2024)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Luna-Glob" title="Luna-Glob">Luna-Glob</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna_25" title="Luna 25">Luna 25</a> (2023)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luna_26" title="Luna 26">Luna 26</a> (2024)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luna_27" title="Luna 27">Luna 27</a> (Aug 2025)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luna_28" title="Luna 28">Luna 28</a> (2027)</li>
<li>Luna 29 (2028)</li>
<li>Luna 30 (2030s)</li>
<li>Luna 31 (2030s)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Chinese Lunar Exploration Program">CLEP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queqiao2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Queqiao2 (page does not exist)">Queqiao2</a> (2024)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">Chang'e 6</a> (2024)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_7" title="Chang'e 7">Chang'e 7</a> (2026)</li>
<li>Chang'e 8 (2027)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ispace_(Japanese_company)" title="Ispace (Japanese company)">Hakuto-R M1</a> (2022)
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_Lunar_Mission" title="Emirates Lunar Mission">Emirates Lunar Mission</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Flashlight" title="Lunar Flashlight">Lunar Flashlight</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cislunar_Explorers" title="Cislunar Explorers">Cislunar Explorers</a> (2022)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Escape_Explorer" title="Earth Escape Explorer">CU-E<sup>3</sup></a> (2022)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-3" title="Chandrayaan-3">Chandrayaan-3</a> (2023)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/DearMoon_project" title="DearMoon project">#dearMoon project</a></i> (2023)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">SLIM</a> (2023)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/DESTINY%2B" title="DESTINY+">DESTINY<sup>+</sup></a> (2024)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ispace_(Japanese_company)" title="Ispace (Japanese company)">Hakuto-R M2</a> (2024)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ispace_(Japanese_company)" title="Ispace (Japanese company)">ispace M3</a> (2024)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Beresheet_2" title="Beresheet 2">Beresheet 2</a> (2025)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Pathfinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar Pathfinder">Lunar Pathfinder</a> (2025)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/International_Lunar_Research_Station" title="International Lunar Research Station">International Lunar Research Station</a> (mid-late 2020s)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Proposed<br />missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Robotic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Polar_Exploration_Mission" title="Lunar Polar Exploration Mission">Lunar Polar Exploration Mission</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/PTScientists" class="mw-redirect" title="PTScientists">ALINA</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Draper_Laboratory#Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Draper Laboratory">Artemis-7</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Moon_(spacecraft)" title="Blue Moon (spacecraft)">Blue Moon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/BOLAS_(spacecraft)" title="BOLAS (spacecraft)">BOLAS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Garat%C3%A9a-L" title="Garatéa-L">Garatéa-L</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ISOCHRON_(spacecraft)" title="ISOCHRON (spacecraft)">ISOCHRON</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/LunaNet" title="LunaNet">LunaNet</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Crater_Radio_Telescope" title="Lunar Crater Radio Telescope">Lunar Crater Radio Telescope</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/McCandless_Lunar_Lander" title="McCandless Lunar Lander">McCandless</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Diver_(spacecraft)" title="Moon Diver (spacecraft)">Moon Diver</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Crewed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/DSE-Alpha" title="DSE-Alpha">DSE-Alpha</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Lunar_Lander" title="Boeing Lunar Lander">Boeing Lunar Lander</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_Lunar_Lander" title="Lockheed Martin Lunar Lander">Lockheed Martin Lunar Lander</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbital_Station" title="Lunar Orbital Station">Lunar Orbital Station</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Cancelled /<br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Altair_(spacecraft)" title="Altair (spacecraft)">Altair</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_1" title="Baden-Württemberg 1">Baden-Württemberg 1</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/European_Lunar_Explorer" title="European Lunar Explorer">European Lunar Explorer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/First_Lunar_Outpost" title="First Lunar Outpost">First Lunar Outpost</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/International_Lunar_Network" title="International Lunar Network">International Lunar Network</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/LEO_(spacecraft)" title="LEO (spacecraft)">LEO</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/LK_(spacecraft)" title="LK (spacecraft)">LK</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lunar-A" title="Lunar-A">Lunar-A</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Lander_(spacecraft)" title="Lunar Lander (spacecraft)">Lunar Lander</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Mission_One" title="Lunar Mission One">Lunar Mission One</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Observer_program" title="Planetary Observer program">Lunar Observer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunokhod 3">Lunokhod 3</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/MoonLITE" title="MoonLITE">MoonLITE</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/MoonRise" title="MoonRise">MoonRise</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/OrbitBeyond" title="OrbitBeyond">OrbitBeyond</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Project_Harvest_Moon" title="Project Harvest Moon">Project Harvest Moon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Prospector_(spacecraft)" title="Prospector (spacecraft)">Prospector</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Prospector_(rover)" title="Resource Prospector (rover)">Resource Prospector</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SELENE-2" title="SELENE-2">SELENE-2</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ukrselena" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrselena">Ukrselena</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonization_of_the_Moon" title="Colonization of the Moon">Colonization of the Moon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Google_Lunar_X_Prize" title="Google Lunar X Prize">Google Lunar X Prize</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lunar_probes" title="List of lunar probes">List of lunar probes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon" title="List of missions to the Moon">List of missions to the Moon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artificial_objects_on_the_Moon" title="List of artificial objects on the Moon">List of artificial objects on the Moon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_resources" title="Lunar resources">Lunar resources</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fe,_Fi,_Fo,_Fum,_and_Phooey" title="Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey">Apollo 17 Moon mice</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Moon_landing_conspiracy_theories" title="Moon landing conspiracy theories">Moon landing conspiracy theories</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11_anniversaries" title="Apollo 11 anniversaries">Apollo 11 anniversaries</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_crewed_lunar_lander_designs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of crewed lunar lander designs">List of crewed lunar lander designs</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><div>
<ul><li>Missions are ordered by launch date. Crewed missions are in <i>italics</i>.</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="←_2021_·_Orbital_launches_in_2022_·_2023_→" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orbital_launches_in_2022" title="Template:Orbital launches in 2022"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orbital_launches_in_2022" title="Template talk:Orbital launches in 2022"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Orbital_launches_in_2022&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_2021_·_Orbital_launches_in_2022_·_2023_→" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/2021_in_spaceflight" title="2021 in spaceflight">← 2021</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/2022_in_spaceflight" title="2022 in spaceflight"><span class="vevent"><span class="summary">Orbital launches in <span class="dtstart">2022</span></span></span></a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/2023_in_spaceflight" title="2023 in spaceflight">2023 →</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">January</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink G4-5</a> (49 satellites)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ION_Satellite_Carrier" title="ION Satellite Carrier">ION-SCV 004</a> (<span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/SatRevolution" title="SatRevolution">LabSat</a>, <a href="/wiki/SatRevolution" title="SatRevolution">STORK-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/SatRevolution" title="SatRevolution">STORK-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/SatRevolution" title="SatRevolution">SW1FT</a></span>), <a href="/wiki/Capella_Space" title="Capella Space">Capella 7</a>, <a href="/wiki/ICEYE" title="ICEYE">ICEYE X14</a>, <a href="/wiki/ICEYE" title="ICEYE">ICEYE X16</a>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Kepler_Communications" title="Kepler Communications">Kepler 16</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kepler_Communications" title="Kepler Communications">Kepler 17</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kepler_Communications" title="Kepler Communications">Kepler 18</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kepler_Communications" title="Kepler Communications">Kepler 19</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lemur-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemur-2">Lemur-2</a> (5 satellites), <a href="/wiki/Nepal_PQ-1" title="Nepal PQ-1">Nepal PQ-1</a></span></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shiyan_(satellite)" title="Shiyan (satellite)">Shiyan 13</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink G4-6</a> (49 satellites)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COSMO-SkyMed" title="COSMO-SkyMed">CSG-2</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">February</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink G4-7</a> (49 satellites)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/OneWeb" title="OneWeb">OneWeb</a> L13 (34 satellites)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/EOS-04" title="EOS-04">EOS-04</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Progress_MS-19" title="Progress MS-19">Progress MS-19</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cygnus_NG-17" title="Cygnus NG-17">Cygnus NG-17</a> (<span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/KITSUNE" title="KITSUNE">KITSUNE</a></span>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink G4-8</a> (46 satellites)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink G4-11</a> (50 satellites)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">March</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/GOES-18" title="GOES-18">GOES-18</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink G4-9</a> (47 satellites)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Noor_2_(satellite)" title="Noor 2 (satellite)">Noor 2</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink G4-10</a> (48 satellites)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yaogan" title="Yaogan">Yaogan 34-02</a></li>
<li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-21" title="Soyuz MS-21">Soyuz MS-21</a></u></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink G4-12</a> (53 satellites)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Meridian_(satellite)" title="Meridian (satellite)">Meridian-M 10</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">April</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/ION_Satellite_Carrier" title="ION Satellite Carrier">ION-SCV 005</a>, <a href="/wiki/EnMAP" title="EnMAP">EnMAP</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%91uSat" title="ÑuSat">ÑuSat</a> × 5</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gaofen_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaofen (satellite)">Gaofen 3-03</a></li>
<li><u><a href="/wiki/Axiom_Mission_1" title="Axiom Mission 1">Axiom Mission 1</a></u></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ChinaSat" class="mw-redirect" title="ChinaSat">ChinaSat 6D</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink G4-14</a> (53 satellites)</li>
<li><u><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Crew-4" title="SpaceX Crew-4">SpaceX Crew-4</a></u></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink G4-16</a> (53 satellites)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">May</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink G4-17</a> (53 satellites)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tianzhou_4" title="Tianzhou 4">Tianzhou 4</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink G4-13</a> (53 satellites)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink G4-15</a> (53 satellites)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink G4-18</a> (53 satellites)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Orbital_Flight_Test_2" title="Boeing Orbital Flight Test 2">Boe OFT-2</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ION_Satellite_Carrier" title="ION Satellite Carrier">ION-SCV 006</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%91uSat" title="ÑuSat">ÑuSat</a> × 4, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Pathfinder_Technology_Demonstrator" title="Pathfinder Technology Demonstrator">PTD-3</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">June</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progress_MS-20" title="Progress MS-20">Progress MS-20</a></li>
<li><u><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_14" title="Shenzhou 14">Shenzhou 14</a></u></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/TROPICS" class="mw-redirect" title="TROPICS">TROPICS</a> × 2†</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink G4-19</a> (53 satellites)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/GSAT-24" class="mw-redirect" title="GSAT-24">GSAT-24</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yaogan" title="Yaogan">Yaogan 35-02</a> (3 satellites)</li>
<li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/CAPSTONE" title="CAPSTONE">CAPSTONE</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">July</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/GLONASS-K" title="GLONASS-K">GLONASS-K 16L</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink G4-21</a> (53 satellites)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink G3-1</a> (46 satellites)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tianlian_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Tianlian II">Tianlian II-03</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_CRS-25" title="SpaceX CRS-25">SpaceX CRS-25</a> (<span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/TUMnanoSAT" title="TUMnanoSAT">TUMnanoSAT</a></span>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink G4-22</a> (53 satellites)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink G3-2</a> (46 satellites)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wentian_module" title="Wentian module">Wentian</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink G4-25</a> (53 satellites)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yaogan" title="Yaogan">Yaogan 35-03</a> (3 satellites)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">August</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danuri" title="Danuri">Danuri</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_reusable_experimental_spacecraft" title="Chinese reusable experimental spacecraft">Chinese reusable experimental spacecraft</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/EOS-02" class="mw-redirect" title="EOS-02">EOS-02</a>†, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/AzaadiSAT" title="AzaadiSAT">AzaadiSAT</a></span>†</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink G4-26</a> (52 satellites)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink G3-3</a> (46 satellites)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink G4-27</a> (53 satellites)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink G4-23</a> (54 satellites)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink G3-4</a> (46 satellites)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">September</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yaogan" title="Yaogan">Yaogan 33-02</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink G4-20</a> (51 satellites)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yaogan" title="Yaogan">Yaogan 35-05</a> (3 satellites)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Eutelsat" title="Eutelsat">Eutelsat Konnect VHTS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink G4-2</a> (34 satellites)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ChinaSat" class="mw-redirect" title="ChinaSat">ChinaSat 1E</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink G4-34</a> (54 satellites)</li>
<li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-22" title="Soyuz MS-22">Soyuz MS-22</a></u></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/KH-11_KENNEN" title="KH-11 KENNEN">KH-11 19</a>/<a href="/wiki/List_of_NRO_launches" title="List of NRO launches">NROL-91</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shiyan_(satellite)" title="Shiyan (satellite)">Shiyan 14</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shiyan_(satellite)" title="Shiyan (satellite)">Shiyan 15</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink G4-35</a> (52 satellites)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yaogan" title="Yaogan">Yaogan 36-01</a> (3 satellites)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shiyan_(satellite)" title="Shiyan (satellite)">Shiyan 16A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shiyan_(satellite)" title="Shiyan (satellite)">Shiyan 16B</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shiyan_(satellite)" title="Shiyan (satellite)">Shiyan 17</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">October</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/TechEdSat#TechEdSat-15" title="TechEdSat">TechEdSat-15</a></span></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_SES_satellites" title="List of SES satellites">SES-20</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_SES_satellites" title="List of SES satellites">SES-21</a></li>
<li><u><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Crew-5" title="SpaceX Crew-5">SpaceX Crew-5</a></u></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink G4-29</a> (52 satellites)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_(satellite)" title="Galaxy (satellite)">Galaxy 33</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galaxy_(satellite)" title="Galaxy (satellite)">Galaxy 34</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/GLONASS-K" title="GLONASS-K">GLONASS-K</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_GLONASS_satellites" title="List of GLONASS satellites">17L</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/RAISE-3" title="RAISE-3">RAISE-3</a>†, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/KOSEN-2" title="KOSEN-2">KOSEN-2</a></span>†, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/MAGNARO" title="MAGNARO">MAGNARO</a></span>†, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Mitsuba_(satellite)" title="Mitsuba (satellite)">MITSUBA</a></span>†, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/WASEDA-SAT-ZERO" title="WASEDA-SAT-ZERO">WASEDA-SAT-ZERO</a></span>†</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Huanjing_(satellite)" title="Huanjing (satellite)">Huanjing 2E</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yaogan" title="Yaogan">Yaogan 36-02</a> (3 satellites)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hot_Bird" title="Hot Bird">Hotbird 13F</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink G4-36</a> (54 satellites)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/OneWeb" title="OneWeb">OneWeb</a> L14 (36 satellites)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gonets-M" class="mw-redirect" title="Gonets-M">Gonets-M</a> × 3</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Progress_MS-21" title="Progress MS-21">Progress MS-21</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Starlink" title="Starlink">Starlink G4-31</a> (53 satellites)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shiyan_(satellite)" title="Shiyan (satellite)">Shiyan 20C</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mengtian_module" title="Mengtian module">Mengtian</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">November</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/EELV_Secondary_Payload_Adapter" title="EELV Secondary Payload Adapter">LDPE-2</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/EKS_(satellite_system)" title="EKS (satellite system)">EKS-6</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hot_Bird" title="Hot Bird">Hotbird 13G</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/MATS_(satellite)" title="MATS (satellite)">MATS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chinasat" title="Chinasat">ChinaSat 19</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cygnus_NG-18" title="Cygnus NG-18">Cygnus NG-18</a> (<span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/SpaceTuna1" title="SpaceTuna1">SpaceTuna1</a></span>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/JPSS-2" title="JPSS-2">JPSS-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/LOFTID" class="mw-redirect" title="LOFTID">LOFTID</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tianzhou_5" title="Tianzhou 5">Tianzhou 5</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_(satellite)" title="Galaxy (satellite)">Galaxy 31</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galaxy_(satellite)" title="Galaxy (satellite)">Galaxy 32</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yaogan" title="Yaogan">Yaogan 34-03</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Artemis 1</a> (<span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/ArgoMoon" title="ArgoMoon">ArgoMoon</a>, <a href="/wiki/BioSentinel" title="BioSentinel">BioSentinel</a>, <a href="/wiki/CubeSat_for_Solar_Particles" title="CubeSat for Solar Particles">CuSP</a>, <a href="/wiki/EQUULEUS" title="EQUULEUS">EQUULEUS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Polar_Hydrogen_Mapper" title="Lunar Polar Hydrogen Mapper">LunaH-Map</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lunar_IceCube" title="Lunar IceCube">Lunar IceCube</a>, <a href="/wiki/LunIR" title="LunIR">LunIR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_Asteroid_Scout" title="Near-Earth Asteroid Scout">Near-Earth Asteroid Scout</a>, <a href="/wiki/OMOTENASHI" title="OMOTENASHI">OMOTENASHI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Team_Miles" title="Team Miles">Team Miles</a></span>)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).<br /><u>Crewed flights</u> are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in brackets).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1110984671">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><div class="portal-bar-content"><span class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/19px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/29px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/38px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Spaceflight" title="Portal:Spaceflight">Spaceflight</a></span></div></div></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node ) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp ) | '1669047894' |