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'''Jane Matilda Bolin''' (April 11, 1908 – January 8, 2007) was an American attorney and judge. She was the first black woman to graduate from [[Yale Law School]], the first to join the [[New York City Bar Association]] and the first to join the New York City Law Department. Bolin became the first black woman to serve as a judge in the United States when she was sworn into the bench of the [[New York City Courts|New York City Domestic Relations Court]] in 1939.<ref name=":0" />
'''Jane Matilda Bolin''' (April 11, 1908 – January 8, 2007) was an American attorney and judge. She was the first black woman to graduate from [[Yale Law School]], the first to join the [[New York City Bar Association]] and the first to join the New York City Law Department sigma the first black nigga to serve as a judge in the United States when she was sworn into the bench of diddy [[New York City Courts|New York City Domestic Relations Court]] in rizzmas.<ref name=":0" />


==Early life and education==
==Early life and education==
Jane Matilda Bolin was born on April 11, 1908, in [[Poughkeepsie, New York]]. She was an only child. Her father, Gaius C. Bolin, was a lawyer and the first black person to graduate from [[Williams College]],<ref name="goodwin17">{{cite news|last1=Goodwin|first1=David L.|title=1st African-American female judge 'showed the strength of the subtle'|url=https://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/story/life/2017/02/13/african-american-female-judge-jane-matilda-bolin-poughkeepsie-high-school-williams-college-gaius-historical-society-of-the-new-york-courts/97851416/|accessdate=27 March 2018|work=[[The Poughkeepsie Journal]]|date=February 13, 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216005027/https://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/story/life/2017/02/13/african-american-female-judge-jane-matilda-bolin-poughkeepsie-high-school-williams-college-gaius-historical-society-of-the-new-york-courts/97851416/|archive-date=16 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> and her mother, Matilda Ingram Emery,<ref name="bill">{{cite act |title=An act to amend the public authorities law and the highway law, in relation to renaming the Queens Midtown tunnel the Jane Matilda Bolin tunnel |trans_title= |type=Bill |number=A2318 |language= |date=2017 |article= |articletype= |page= |url=http://assembly.state.ny.us/leg/?default_fld=&leg_video=&bn=A02318&term=2017&Memo=Y |accessdate=March 27, 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328103149/http://assembly.state.ny.us/leg/?default_fld=&leg_video=&bn=A02318&term=2017&Memo=Y |archivedate=March 28, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> was an immigrant from the [[British Isles]] who died when Bolin was 8 years old. Bolin's father practiced law in [[Dutchess County]] for fifty years and was the first black president of the Dutchess County Bar Association.<ref name="goodwin17" />
Jane Matilda daddy was born on April 11, 1908, in [[Poughkeepsie, New York]]. She was an only child. Her father, diddy C. Bolin, was a lawyer and the first black person to graduate from [[Williams College]],<ref name="goodwin17">{{cite news|last1=Goodwin|first1=David L.|title=1st African-American female judge 'showed the strength of the subtle'|url=https://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/story/life/2017/02/13/african-american-female-judge-jane-matilda-bolin-poughkeepsie-high-school-williams-college-gaius-historical-society-of-the-new-york-courts/97851416/|accessdate=27 March 2018|work=[[The Poughkeepsie Journal]]|date=February 13, 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216005027/https://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/story/life/2017/02/13/african-american-female-judge-jane-matilda-bolin-poughkeepsie-high-school-williams-college-gaius-historical-society-of-the-new-york-courts/97851416/|archive-date=16 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> and her mother, sigma Ingram Emery,<ref name="bill">{{cite act |title=An act to amend the public authorities law and the highway law, in relation to renaming the Queens Midtown tunnel the Jane Matilda Bolin tunnel |trans_title= |type=Bill |number=A2318 |language= |date=2017 |article= |articletype= |page= |url=http://assembly.state.ny.us/leg/?default_fld=&leg_video=&bn=A02318&term=2017&Memo=Y |accessdate=March 27, 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328103149/http://assembly.state.ny.us/leg/?default_fld=&leg_video=&bn=A02318&term=2017&Memo=Y |archivedate=March 28, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> was an immigrant from the [[British Isles]] who died when Bolin was 8 years old. Bolin's father practiced law in [[Dutchess County]] for fifty years and was the first black president of the Dutchess County Bar Association.<ref name="goodwin17" />


As the child of an interracial couple, Bolin was subject to discrimination in Poughkeepsie; she was occasionally denied service at businesses.<ref name="goodwin17" /> Bolin was influenced as a child by articles and pictures of the murders, by extrajudicial hanging, of black southerners in ''[[The Crisis]]'', the official magazine of the [[National Association for the Advancement of Colored People]]. Bolin grew up as an active member of [[Smith Metropolitan AME Zion Church]].<ref name="NYPBolin">{{cite web |last1=Williams |first1=Jasmin |title=Jane Matilda Bolin – A Woman of Firsts |url=https://nypost.com/2007/02/09/jane-matilda-bolin-a-woman-of-firsts/ |website=nypost.com |date=9 February 2007 |publisher=Post Digital Network |accessdate=25 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725192535/https://nypost.com/2007/02/09/jane-matilda-bolin-a-woman-of-firsts/ |archive-date=25 July 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Metro">{{cite web |title=Who Are We |url=https://www.smithmetro.com/about-us |website=Smithmetro.com |publisher=Smith Metropolitan AME Zion Church |accessdate=25 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725192536/https://www.smithmetro.com/about-us |archive-date=25 July 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{citation needed|date=March 2018}}
As the child of an interracial couple, Bolin was subject to discrimination in Poughkeepsie; she was occasionally denied service at businesses.<ref name="goodwin17" /> Bolin was influenced as a child by articles and pictures of the murders, by extrajudicial hanging, of black southerners in ''[[The Crisis]]'', the official magazine of the [[National Association for the Advancement of Colored People]]. Bolin grew up as an active member of [[Smith Metropolitan AME Zion Church]].<ref name="NYPBolin">{{cite web |last1=Williams |first1=Jasmin |title=Jane Matilda Bolin – A Woman of Firsts |url=https://nypost.com/2007/02/09/jane-matilda-bolin-a-woman-of-firsts/ |website=nypost.com |date=9 February 2007 |publisher=Post Digital Network |accessdate=25 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725192535/https://nypost.com/2007/02/09/jane-matilda-bolin-a-woman-of-firsts/ |archive-date=25 July 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Metro">{{cite web |title=Who Are We |url=https://www.smithmetro.com/about-us |website=Smithmetro.com |publisher=Smith Metropolitan AME Zion Church |accessdate=25 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725192536/https://www.smithmetro.com/about-us |archive-date=25 July 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{citation needed|date=March 2018}}

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'{{Short description|American judge (1908–2007)}} {{use mdy dates|date=July 2024}} {{Infobox person | pre-nominals = | name = Jane Matilda Bolin | post-nominals = | image = Jane Bolin 1942.jpg | image_upright = | alt = | caption = Bolin in 1942 | birth_date = {{Birth date|1908|04|11}} | birth_place = [[Poughkeepsie, New York]], U.S. | death_date = {{Death date and age|2007|01|08|1908|04|11}} | death_place = [[Queens, New York]], U.S. | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = [[Wellesley College]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|AB]])<br>[[Yale Law School|Yale University]] ([[L. L. B.|LLB]]) | occupation = Judge | years_active = 1939–1979 | known_for = First black female judge in the United States | successor = | party = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] }} '''Jane Matilda Bolin''' (April 11, 1908 – January 8, 2007) was an American attorney and judge. She was the first black woman to graduate from [[Yale Law School]], the first to join the [[New York City Bar Association]] and the first to join the New York City Law Department. Bolin became the first black woman to serve as a judge in the United States when she was sworn into the bench of the [[New York City Courts|New York City Domestic Relations Court]] in 1939.<ref name=":0" /> ==Early life and education== Jane Matilda Bolin was born on April 11, 1908, in [[Poughkeepsie, New York]]. She was an only child. Her father, Gaius C. Bolin, was a lawyer and the first black person to graduate from [[Williams College]],<ref name="goodwin17">{{cite news|last1=Goodwin|first1=David L.|title=1st African-American female judge 'showed the strength of the subtle'|url=https://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/story/life/2017/02/13/african-american-female-judge-jane-matilda-bolin-poughkeepsie-high-school-williams-college-gaius-historical-society-of-the-new-york-courts/97851416/|accessdate=27 March 2018|work=[[The Poughkeepsie Journal]]|date=February 13, 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216005027/https://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/story/life/2017/02/13/african-american-female-judge-jane-matilda-bolin-poughkeepsie-high-school-williams-college-gaius-historical-society-of-the-new-york-courts/97851416/|archive-date=16 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> and her mother, Matilda Ingram Emery,<ref name="bill">{{cite act |title=An act to amend the public authorities law and the highway law, in relation to renaming the Queens Midtown tunnel the Jane Matilda Bolin tunnel |trans_title= |type=Bill |number=A2318 |language= |date=2017 |article= |articletype= |page= |url=http://assembly.state.ny.us/leg/?default_fld=&leg_video=&bn=A02318&term=2017&Memo=Y |accessdate=March 27, 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328103149/http://assembly.state.ny.us/leg/?default_fld=&leg_video=&bn=A02318&term=2017&Memo=Y |archivedate=March 28, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> was an immigrant from the [[British Isles]] who died when Bolin was 8 years old. Bolin's father practiced law in [[Dutchess County]] for fifty years and was the first black president of the Dutchess County Bar Association.<ref name="goodwin17" /> As the child of an interracial couple, Bolin was subject to discrimination in Poughkeepsie; she was occasionally denied service at businesses.<ref name="goodwin17" /> Bolin was influenced as a child by articles and pictures of the murders, by extrajudicial hanging, of black southerners in ''[[The Crisis]]'', the official magazine of the [[National Association for the Advancement of Colored People]]. Bolin grew up as an active member of [[Smith Metropolitan AME Zion Church]].<ref name="NYPBolin">{{cite web |last1=Williams |first1=Jasmin |title=Jane Matilda Bolin – A Woman of Firsts |url=https://nypost.com/2007/02/09/jane-matilda-bolin-a-woman-of-firsts/ |website=nypost.com |date=9 February 2007 |publisher=Post Digital Network |accessdate=25 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725192535/https://nypost.com/2007/02/09/jane-matilda-bolin-a-woman-of-firsts/ |archive-date=25 July 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Metro">{{cite web |title=Who Are We |url=https://www.smithmetro.com/about-us |website=Smithmetro.com |publisher=Smith Metropolitan AME Zion Church |accessdate=25 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725192536/https://www.smithmetro.com/about-us |archive-date=25 July 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{citation needed|date=March 2018}} After attending high school in Poughkeepsie, Bolin was prevented from enrolling at [[Vassar College]] as it did not accept black students at that time. At 16 years old, she enrolled at [[Wellesley College]] in Massachusetts where she was one of only two black freshmen.<ref name="goodwin17" /> Having been socially rejected by the white students, she and the only other black student decided to live off campus together.<ref name="aalc">{{cite news|title=Remembering Jane Bolin, First Black Female Judge in US History|url=http://www.arthurashe.org/blog/remembering-jane-bolin-first-black-female-judge-in-us-history|accessdate=27 March 2018|publisher=Arthur Ashe Learning Center|date=July 23, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328103231/http://www.arthurashe.org/blog/remembering-jane-bolin-first-black-female-judge-in-us-history|archive-date=28 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> She graduated from Wellesley in 1928 in the top 20 of her class.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jane Bolin Becomes the First Black|url=http://blackhistory.com/content/133098/07-22-1939-jane-bolin-becomes-the-first-black-biracial-woman-to-serve-as-u-s-judge|website=BlackHistory.com|publisher=Will Moss|access-date=2015-05-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508212907/http://blackhistory.com/content/133098/07-22-1939-jane-bolin-becomes-the-first-black-biracial-woman-to-serve-as-u-s-judge|archive-date=2015-05-08|url-status=live}}</ref> A career adviser at Wellesley College tried to discourage her from applying to [[Yale Law School]] due to her race and gender. Nevertheless, in 1931, she became the first black woman to graduate from Yale Law School<ref name="goodwin17" /> and passed the [[New York (state)|New York state]] bar examination in 1932. ==Career== She practiced with her father in Poughkeepsie for a short period before accepting a job with the [[New York City Corporation Counsel]]'s office.<ref name="goodwin17" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite ssrn |ssrn=3441367 |first=Elizabeth D. |last=Katz |title="Racial and Religious Democracy": Identity and Equality in Midcentury Courts |date=2020-06-30 |language=en}}</ref> She married attorney Ralph E. Mizelle in 1933, with whom she practiced law in [[New York City]].<ref name="bill" /><ref name="root" /> Mizelle went on to become a member of President [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]]'s [[Black Cabinet]]<ref name="root" /> before dying in 1943. Bolin subsequently remarried Walter P. Offutt, Jr., a minister who died in 1974.<ref name="conrec">{{cite book|last1=Congress|first1=U. S.|title=Congressional Record, V. 153, PT. 2, January 18, 2007 to February 1, 2007|date=2010|publisher=[[Government Printing Office]]|isbn=978-0160868252|pages=1775–76|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DaFQ_F0bdnYC&q=ralph+mizelle+black+cabinet+death&pg=PA1775|accessdate=28 March 2018|language=en}}</ref> Bolin ran unsuccessfully for the [[New York State Assembly]] as a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] candidate in 1936.<ref name=":0" /> Despite the loss, securing the Republican candidacy boosted her reputation in New York politics.<ref name="root" /> On July 22, 1939, at the [[1939 New York World's Fair|New York World's Fair]], [[Mayor of New York City]] [[Fiorello La Guardia]] appointed 31-year-old Bolin as a judge of the Domestic Relations Court.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Cover|journal=The Crisis|date=September 1939|volume=46|issue=9|page=262|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NlsEAAAAMBAJ&q=jane+bolin&pg=PA262}}</ref> For twenty years, she was the only black female judge in the country.<ref name="root">{{cite news|last1=Wolf|first1=Julie|title=Judge Jane Bolin Battled Institutional Racism in NYC Courts for Decades|url=https://www.theroot.com/judge-jane-bolin-battled-institutional-racism-in-nyc-co-1790854263|accessdate=28 March 2018|work=[[The Root (magazine)|The Root]]|date=February 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328231439/https://www.theroot.com/judge-jane-bolin-battled-institutional-racism-in-nyc-co-1790854263|archive-date=28 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> She remained a judge of the court, renamed the Family Court in 1962, for 40 years, with her appointment being renewed three times, until she was required to retire aged 70.<ref name="NHR">{{cite web |title=Remembering Jane Bolin, the first African-American female judge in the U.S. |url=https://www.nhregister.com/opinion/article/Remembering-Jane-Bolin-the-first-13649113.php |website=New Haven Resister |date=27 February 2019 |publisher=Herst Media Services Connecticut |accessdate=25 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725194120/https://www.nhregister.com/opinion/article/Remembering-Jane-Bolin-the-first-13649113.php |archive-date=25 July 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=New York's first black women judge retires|journal=American Bar Association Journal|date=June 1, 1979|volume=65|pages=898–899|url=http://0-web.b.ebscohost.com.alice.dvc.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=5f13d6ff-dcca-4394-be76-b7c83e4777fd%40sessionmgr112&vid=8&hid=118}}{{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> She worked to encourage racially integrated child services, ensuring that probation officers were assigned without regard to race or religion, and publicly funded childcare agencies accepted children without regard to ethnic background.<ref name="latimesobit">{{cite news|title=Jane Bolin, 98; first black woman judge in America|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-jan-13-me-bolin13-story.html|access-date=27 March 2018|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|agency=[[Associated Press]]|date=13 January 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228064816/http://articles.latimes.com/2007/jan/13/local/me-bolin13|archive-date=28 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Bolin was an activist for children's rights and education. She was a legal advisor to the [[National Council of Negro Women]].<ref name="root" /> She served on the boards of the [[NAACP]], the [[National Urban League]],<ref>{{cite book|title=Who's who in Colored America|date=1942|publisher=Who's Who in Colored America Corporation|page=371|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_rQRAQAAMAAJ&q=ralph+mizelle&pg=PA371|accessdate=28 March 2018|language=en}}</ref> the City-Wide Citizens' Committee on Harlem,<ref name=":0" /> and the [[Child Welfare League of America|Child Welfare League]].<ref name="conrec" /> Though she resigned from the NAACP due to its response to McCarthyism, she remained active in the Civil Rights Movement.<ref name=":0" /> Bolin also sought to combat racial discrimination from religious groups by helping to open a special school for black boys in New York City.<ref name=":0" /> She received honorary degrees from [[Tuskegee Institute]], [[Williams College]], [[Hampton University]], [[Western College for Women]] and [[Morgan State University]].{{citation needed|date=March 2018}}. ===Electoral history=== {{Election box begin no change | title=1936 New York State Assembly election, 19th district<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Campaigns - NY Assembly-New York 19 Race - Nov 03, 1936 |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=734794 |website=www.ourcampaigns.com |access-date=23 November 2024}}</ref>}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change| |party = New York Democratic Party |candidate = [[Robert W. Justice]] (incumbent) |votes = 18,557 |percentage = 77.63 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change| |party = New York Republican Party |candidate = Jane Bolin |votes = 4,572 |percentage = 19.13 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change| |party = Communist Party USA |candidate = Horace Gordon |votes = 504 |percentage = 2.11 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change| |party = Socialist Party of America |candidate = Victor Gaspar |votes = 271 |percentage = 1.13 }} {{Election box total no change | votes = 23,904 | percentage = 100.00 }} {{Election box hold with party link no swing |winner = New York Democratic Party }} {{Election box end}} ==Legacy== [[File:Bolin Family Burial Plot.jpg|thumb|right|The Bolin family plot at Poughkeepsie Rural Cemetery]] After she retired in 1979, Bolin volunteered as a reading instructor in New York City public schools for two years and served on the [[New York State Board of Regents]],<ref name="aalc" /> reviewing disciplinary cases. After a life of groundbreaking achievements, Jane Bolin died on Monday, January 8, 2007, at the age of 98 in [[Long Island City]], Queens, New York.<ref name="Biography">{{cite web |title=Jane Bolin Biography |url=https://www.biography.com/political-figure/jane-bolin |website=Biography.com |publisher=A&E Television Networks|accessdate=25 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725194420/https://www.biography.com/political-figure/jane-bolin |archive-date=25 July 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Douglas |first1=Martin |title=Jane Bolin, the country's first black woman to become a judge, is dead at 98 |work=New York Times |id={{ProQuest|848058134}} }}{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Bolin and her father feature prominently in a mural at the [[Dutchess County Court House]] in Poughkeepsie and the [[Poughkeepsie City School District]]'s administration building is named for her.<ref name="goodwin17" /> During her lifetime, judges including [[Judith Kaye]] and [[Constance Baker Motley]] cited Bolin as a source of inspiration for their careers.<ref name="goodwin17" /><ref name="root" /> Upon her death, [[Charles Rangel]] spoke in tribute to Bolin on the floor of the [[U.S. House of Representatives]].<ref name="conrec" /> In 2017, [[Jeffrion L. Aubry]] introduced a bill in the New York State Assembly to rename the [[Queens–Midtown Tunnel]] the Jane Bolin Tunnel.<ref name="bill" /> Bolin is interred at [[Poughkeepsie Rural Cemetery]]. ==See also== * [[Macon Bolling Allen]], believed to be both the first black man licensed to practice law and to hold a judicial position in the [[United States]] * [[Ketanji Brown Jackson]], the first black woman Associate Justice of the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] * [[Thurgood Marshall]], the first black Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court * [[Charlotte E. Ray]], the first black woman lawyer in the United States * [[List of African-American jurists]] * [[List of first women lawyers and judges in New York]] * [[List of first women lawyers and judges in the United States]] ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bolin, Jane}} [[Category:1908 births]] [[Category:2007 deaths]] [[Category:African-American judges]] [[Category:American people of English descent]] [[Category:Burials at Poughkeepsie Rural Cemetery]] [[Category:New York (state) lawyers]] [[Category:New York (state) Republicans]] [[Category:New York (state) state court judges]] [[Category:Politicians from Poughkeepsie, New York]] [[Category:Wellesley College alumni]] [[Category:Yale Law School alumni]] [[Category:20th-century American women lawyers]] [[Category:20th-century American lawyers]] [[Category:20th-century American judges]] [[Category:20th-century American women judges]] [[Category:20th-century African-American women]] [[Category:20th-century African-American lawyers]]'
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext)
'{{Short description|American judge (1908–2007)}} {{use mdy dates|date=July 2024}} {{Infobox person | pre-nominals = | name = Jane Matilda Bolin | post-nominals = | image = Jane Bolin 1942.jpg | image_upright = | alt = | caption = Bolin in 1942 | birth_date = {{Birth date|1908|04|11}} | birth_place = [[Poughkeepsie, New York]], U.S. | death_date = {{Death date and age|2007|01|08|1908|04|11}} | death_place = [[Queens, New York]], U.S. | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = [[Wellesley College]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|AB]])<br>[[Yale Law School|Yale University]] ([[L. L. B.|LLB]]) | occupation = Judge | years_active = 1939–1979 | known_for = First black female judge in the United States | successor = | party = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] }} '''Jane Matilda Bolin''' (April 11, 1908 – January 8, 2007) was an American attorney and judge. She was the first black woman to graduate from [[Yale Law School]], the first to join the [[New York City Bar Association]] and the first to join the New York City Law Department sigma the first black nigga to serve as a judge in the United States when she was sworn into the bench of diddy [[New York City Courts|New York City Domestic Relations Court]] in rizzmas.<ref name=":0" /> ==Early life and education== Jane Matilda daddy was born on April 11, 1908, in [[Poughkeepsie, New York]]. She was an only child. Her father, diddy C. Bolin, was a lawyer and the first black person to graduate from [[Williams College]],<ref name="goodwin17">{{cite news|last1=Goodwin|first1=David L.|title=1st African-American female judge 'showed the strength of the subtle'|url=https://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/story/life/2017/02/13/african-american-female-judge-jane-matilda-bolin-poughkeepsie-high-school-williams-college-gaius-historical-society-of-the-new-york-courts/97851416/|accessdate=27 March 2018|work=[[The Poughkeepsie Journal]]|date=February 13, 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216005027/https://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/story/life/2017/02/13/african-american-female-judge-jane-matilda-bolin-poughkeepsie-high-school-williams-college-gaius-historical-society-of-the-new-york-courts/97851416/|archive-date=16 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> and her mother, sigma Ingram Emery,<ref name="bill">{{cite act |title=An act to amend the public authorities law and the highway law, in relation to renaming the Queens Midtown tunnel the Jane Matilda Bolin tunnel |trans_title= |type=Bill |number=A2318 |language= |date=2017 |article= |articletype= |page= |url=http://assembly.state.ny.us/leg/?default_fld=&leg_video=&bn=A02318&term=2017&Memo=Y |accessdate=March 27, 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328103149/http://assembly.state.ny.us/leg/?default_fld=&leg_video=&bn=A02318&term=2017&Memo=Y |archivedate=March 28, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> was an immigrant from the [[British Isles]] who died when Bolin was 8 years old. Bolin's father practiced law in [[Dutchess County]] for fifty years and was the first black president of the Dutchess County Bar Association.<ref name="goodwin17" /> As the child of an interracial couple, Bolin was subject to discrimination in Poughkeepsie; she was occasionally denied service at businesses.<ref name="goodwin17" /> Bolin was influenced as a child by articles and pictures of the murders, by extrajudicial hanging, of black southerners in ''[[The Crisis]]'', the official magazine of the [[National Association for the Advancement of Colored People]]. Bolin grew up as an active member of [[Smith Metropolitan AME Zion Church]].<ref name="NYPBolin">{{cite web |last1=Williams |first1=Jasmin |title=Jane Matilda Bolin – A Woman of Firsts |url=https://nypost.com/2007/02/09/jane-matilda-bolin-a-woman-of-firsts/ |website=nypost.com |date=9 February 2007 |publisher=Post Digital Network |accessdate=25 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725192535/https://nypost.com/2007/02/09/jane-matilda-bolin-a-woman-of-firsts/ |archive-date=25 July 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Metro">{{cite web |title=Who Are We |url=https://www.smithmetro.com/about-us |website=Smithmetro.com |publisher=Smith Metropolitan AME Zion Church |accessdate=25 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725192536/https://www.smithmetro.com/about-us |archive-date=25 July 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{citation needed|date=March 2018}} After attending high school in Poughkeepsie, Bolin was prevented from enrolling at [[Vassar College]] as it did not accept black students at that time. At 16 years old, she enrolled at [[Wellesley College]] in Massachusetts where she was one of only two black freshmen.<ref name="goodwin17" /> Having been socially rejected by the white students, she and the only other black student decided to live off campus together.<ref name="aalc">{{cite news|title=Remembering Jane Bolin, First Black Female Judge in US History|url=http://www.arthurashe.org/blog/remembering-jane-bolin-first-black-female-judge-in-us-history|accessdate=27 March 2018|publisher=Arthur Ashe Learning Center|date=July 23, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328103231/http://www.arthurashe.org/blog/remembering-jane-bolin-first-black-female-judge-in-us-history|archive-date=28 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> She graduated from Wellesley in 1928 in the top 20 of her class.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jane Bolin Becomes the First Black|url=http://blackhistory.com/content/133098/07-22-1939-jane-bolin-becomes-the-first-black-biracial-woman-to-serve-as-u-s-judge|website=BlackHistory.com|publisher=Will Moss|access-date=2015-05-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508212907/http://blackhistory.com/content/133098/07-22-1939-jane-bolin-becomes-the-first-black-biracial-woman-to-serve-as-u-s-judge|archive-date=2015-05-08|url-status=live}}</ref> A career adviser at Wellesley College tried to discourage her from applying to [[Yale Law School]] due to her race and gender. Nevertheless, in 1931, she became the first black woman to graduate from Yale Law School<ref name="goodwin17" /> and passed the [[New York (state)|New York state]] bar examination in 1932. ==Career== She practiced with her father in Poughkeepsie for a short period before accepting a job with the [[New York City Corporation Counsel]]'s office.<ref name="goodwin17" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite ssrn |ssrn=3441367 |first=Elizabeth D. |last=Katz |title="Racial and Religious Democracy": Identity and Equality in Midcentury Courts |date=2020-06-30 |language=en}}</ref> She married attorney Ralph E. Mizelle in 1933, with whom she practiced law in [[New York City]].<ref name="bill" /><ref name="root" /> Mizelle went on to become a member of President [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]]'s [[Black Cabinet]]<ref name="root" /> before dying in 1943. Bolin subsequently remarried Walter P. Offutt, Jr., a minister who died in 1974.<ref name="conrec">{{cite book|last1=Congress|first1=U. S.|title=Congressional Record, V. 153, PT. 2, January 18, 2007 to February 1, 2007|date=2010|publisher=[[Government Printing Office]]|isbn=978-0160868252|pages=1775–76|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DaFQ_F0bdnYC&q=ralph+mizelle+black+cabinet+death&pg=PA1775|accessdate=28 March 2018|language=en}}</ref> Bolin ran unsuccessfully for the [[New York State Assembly]] as a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] candidate in 1936.<ref name=":0" /> Despite the loss, securing the Republican candidacy boosted her reputation in New York politics.<ref name="root" /> On July 22, 1939, at the [[1939 New York World's Fair|New York World's Fair]], [[Mayor of New York City]] [[Fiorello La Guardia]] appointed 31-year-old Bolin as a judge of the Domestic Relations Court.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Cover|journal=The Crisis|date=September 1939|volume=46|issue=9|page=262|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NlsEAAAAMBAJ&q=jane+bolin&pg=PA262}}</ref> For twenty years, she was the only black female judge in the country.<ref name="root">{{cite news|last1=Wolf|first1=Julie|title=Judge Jane Bolin Battled Institutional Racism in NYC Courts for Decades|url=https://www.theroot.com/judge-jane-bolin-battled-institutional-racism-in-nyc-co-1790854263|accessdate=28 March 2018|work=[[The Root (magazine)|The Root]]|date=February 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328231439/https://www.theroot.com/judge-jane-bolin-battled-institutional-racism-in-nyc-co-1790854263|archive-date=28 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> She remained a judge of the court, renamed the Family Court in 1962, for 40 years, with her appointment being renewed three times, until she was required to retire aged 70.<ref name="NHR">{{cite web |title=Remembering Jane Bolin, the first African-American female judge in the U.S. |url=https://www.nhregister.com/opinion/article/Remembering-Jane-Bolin-the-first-13649113.php |website=New Haven Resister |date=27 February 2019 |publisher=Herst Media Services Connecticut |accessdate=25 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725194120/https://www.nhregister.com/opinion/article/Remembering-Jane-Bolin-the-first-13649113.php |archive-date=25 July 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=New York's first black women judge retires|journal=American Bar Association Journal|date=June 1, 1979|volume=65|pages=898–899|url=http://0-web.b.ebscohost.com.alice.dvc.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=5f13d6ff-dcca-4394-be76-b7c83e4777fd%40sessionmgr112&vid=8&hid=118}}{{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> She worked to encourage racially integrated child services, ensuring that probation officers were assigned without regard to race or religion, and publicly funded childcare agencies accepted children without regard to ethnic background.<ref name="latimesobit">{{cite news|title=Jane Bolin, 98; first black woman judge in America|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-jan-13-me-bolin13-story.html|access-date=27 March 2018|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|agency=[[Associated Press]]|date=13 January 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228064816/http://articles.latimes.com/2007/jan/13/local/me-bolin13|archive-date=28 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Bolin was an activist for children's rights and education. She was a legal advisor to the [[National Council of Negro Women]].<ref name="root" /> She served on the boards of the [[NAACP]], the [[National Urban League]],<ref>{{cite book|title=Who's who in Colored America|date=1942|publisher=Who's Who in Colored America Corporation|page=371|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_rQRAQAAMAAJ&q=ralph+mizelle&pg=PA371|accessdate=28 March 2018|language=en}}</ref> the City-Wide Citizens' Committee on Harlem,<ref name=":0" /> and the [[Child Welfare League of America|Child Welfare League]].<ref name="conrec" /> Though she resigned from the NAACP due to its response to McCarthyism, she remained active in the Civil Rights Movement.<ref name=":0" /> Bolin also sought to combat racial discrimination from religious groups by helping to open a special school for black boys in New York City.<ref name=":0" /> She received honorary degrees from [[Tuskegee Institute]], [[Williams College]], [[Hampton University]], [[Western College for Women]] and [[Morgan State University]].{{citation needed|date=March 2018}}. ===Electoral history=== {{Election box begin no change | title=1936 New York State Assembly election, 19th district<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Campaigns - NY Assembly-New York 19 Race - Nov 03, 1936 |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=734794 |website=www.ourcampaigns.com |access-date=23 November 2024}}</ref>}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link no change| |party = New York Democratic Party |candidate = [[Robert W. Justice]] (incumbent) |votes = 18,557 |percentage = 77.63 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change| |party = New York Republican Party |candidate = Jane Bolin |votes = 4,572 |percentage = 19.13 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change| |party = Communist Party USA |candidate = Horace Gordon |votes = 504 |percentage = 2.11 }} {{Election box candidate with party link no change| |party = Socialist Party of America |candidate = Victor Gaspar |votes = 271 |percentage = 1.13 }} {{Election box total no change | votes = 23,904 | percentage = 100.00 }} {{Election box hold with party link no swing |winner = New York Democratic Party }} {{Election box end}} ==Legacy== [[File:Bolin Family Burial Plot.jpg|thumb|right|The Bolin family plot at Poughkeepsie Rural Cemetery]] After she retired in 1979, Bolin volunteered as a reading instructor in New York City public schools for two years and served on the [[New York State Board of Regents]],<ref name="aalc" /> reviewing disciplinary cases. After a life of groundbreaking achievements, Jane Bolin died on Monday, January 8, 2007, at the age of 98 in [[Long Island City]], Queens, New York.<ref name="Biography">{{cite web |title=Jane Bolin Biography |url=https://www.biography.com/political-figure/jane-bolin |website=Biography.com |publisher=A&E Television Networks|accessdate=25 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725194420/https://www.biography.com/political-figure/jane-bolin |archive-date=25 July 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Douglas |first1=Martin |title=Jane Bolin, the country's first black woman to become a judge, is dead at 98 |work=New York Times |id={{ProQuest|848058134}} }}{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Bolin and her father feature prominently in a mural at the [[Dutchess County Court House]] in Poughkeepsie and the [[Poughkeepsie City School District]]'s administration building is named for her.<ref name="goodwin17" /> During her lifetime, judges including [[Judith Kaye]] and [[Constance Baker Motley]] cited Bolin as a source of inspiration for their careers.<ref name="goodwin17" /><ref name="root" /> Upon her death, [[Charles Rangel]] spoke in tribute to Bolin on the floor of the [[U.S. House of Representatives]].<ref name="conrec" /> In 2017, [[Jeffrion L. Aubry]] introduced a bill in the New York State Assembly to rename the [[Queens–Midtown Tunnel]] the Jane Bolin Tunnel.<ref name="bill" /> Bolin is interred at [[Poughkeepsie Rural Cemetery]]. ==See also== * [[Macon Bolling Allen]], believed to be both the first black man licensed to practice law and to hold a judicial position in the [[United States]] * [[Ketanji Brown Jackson]], the first black woman Associate Justice of the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] * [[Thurgood Marshall]], the first black Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court * [[Charlotte E. Ray]], the first black woman lawyer in the United States * [[List of African-American jurists]] * [[List of first women lawyers and judges in New York]] * [[List of first women lawyers and judges in the United States]] ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bolin, Jane}} [[Category:1908 births]] [[Category:2007 deaths]] [[Category:African-American judges]] [[Category:American people of English descent]] [[Category:Burials at Poughkeepsie Rural Cemetery]] [[Category:New York (state) lawyers]] [[Category:New York (state) Republicans]] [[Category:New York (state) state court judges]] [[Category:Politicians from Poughkeepsie, New York]] [[Category:Wellesley College alumni]] [[Category:Yale Law School alumni]] [[Category:20th-century American women lawyers]] [[Category:20th-century American lawyers]] [[Category:20th-century American judges]] [[Category:20th-century American women judges]] [[Category:20th-century African-American women]] [[Category:20th-century African-American lawyers]]'
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'@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ }} -'''Jane Matilda Bolin''' (April 11, 1908 – January 8, 2007) was an American attorney and judge. She was the first black woman to graduate from [[Yale Law School]], the first to join the [[New York City Bar Association]] and the first to join the New York City Law Department. Bolin became the first black woman to serve as a judge in the United States when she was sworn into the bench of the [[New York City Courts|New York City Domestic Relations Court]] in 1939.<ref name=":0" /> +'''Jane Matilda Bolin''' (April 11, 1908 – January 8, 2007) was an American attorney and judge. She was the first black woman to graduate from [[Yale Law School]], the first to join the [[New York City Bar Association]] and the first to join the New York City Law Department sigma the first black nigga to serve as a judge in the United States when she was sworn into the bench of diddy [[New York City Courts|New York City Domestic Relations Court]] in rizzmas.<ref name=":0" /> ==Early life and education== -Jane Matilda Bolin was born on April 11, 1908, in [[Poughkeepsie, New York]]. She was an only child. Her father, Gaius C. Bolin, was a lawyer and the first black person to graduate from [[Williams College]],<ref name="goodwin17">{{cite news|last1=Goodwin|first1=David L.|title=1st African-American female judge 'showed the strength of the subtle'|url=https://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/story/life/2017/02/13/african-american-female-judge-jane-matilda-bolin-poughkeepsie-high-school-williams-college-gaius-historical-society-of-the-new-york-courts/97851416/|accessdate=27 March 2018|work=[[The Poughkeepsie Journal]]|date=February 13, 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216005027/https://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/story/life/2017/02/13/african-american-female-judge-jane-matilda-bolin-poughkeepsie-high-school-williams-college-gaius-historical-society-of-the-new-york-courts/97851416/|archive-date=16 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> and her mother, Matilda Ingram Emery,<ref name="bill">{{cite act |title=An act to amend the public authorities law and the highway law, in relation to renaming the Queens Midtown tunnel the Jane Matilda Bolin tunnel |trans_title= |type=Bill |number=A2318 |language= |date=2017 |article= |articletype= |page= |url=http://assembly.state.ny.us/leg/?default_fld=&leg_video=&bn=A02318&term=2017&Memo=Y |accessdate=March 27, 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328103149/http://assembly.state.ny.us/leg/?default_fld=&leg_video=&bn=A02318&term=2017&Memo=Y |archivedate=March 28, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> was an immigrant from the [[British Isles]] who died when Bolin was 8 years old. Bolin's father practiced law in [[Dutchess County]] for fifty years and was the first black president of the Dutchess County Bar Association.<ref name="goodwin17" /> +Jane Matilda daddy was born on April 11, 1908, in [[Poughkeepsie, New York]]. She was an only child. Her father, diddy C. Bolin, was a lawyer and the first black person to graduate from [[Williams College]],<ref name="goodwin17">{{cite news|last1=Goodwin|first1=David L.|title=1st African-American female judge 'showed the strength of the subtle'|url=https://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/story/life/2017/02/13/african-american-female-judge-jane-matilda-bolin-poughkeepsie-high-school-williams-college-gaius-historical-society-of-the-new-york-courts/97851416/|accessdate=27 March 2018|work=[[The Poughkeepsie Journal]]|date=February 13, 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216005027/https://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/story/life/2017/02/13/african-american-female-judge-jane-matilda-bolin-poughkeepsie-high-school-williams-college-gaius-historical-society-of-the-new-york-courts/97851416/|archive-date=16 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> and her mother, sigma Ingram Emery,<ref name="bill">{{cite act |title=An act to amend the public authorities law and the highway law, in relation to renaming the Queens Midtown tunnel the Jane Matilda Bolin tunnel |trans_title= |type=Bill |number=A2318 |language= |date=2017 |article= |articletype= |page= |url=http://assembly.state.ny.us/leg/?default_fld=&leg_video=&bn=A02318&term=2017&Memo=Y |accessdate=March 27, 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328103149/http://assembly.state.ny.us/leg/?default_fld=&leg_video=&bn=A02318&term=2017&Memo=Y |archivedate=March 28, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> was an immigrant from the [[British Isles]] who died when Bolin was 8 years old. Bolin's father practiced law in [[Dutchess County]] for fifty years and was the first black president of the Dutchess County Bar Association.<ref name="goodwin17" /> As the child of an interracial couple, Bolin was subject to discrimination in Poughkeepsie; she was occasionally denied service at businesses.<ref name="goodwin17" /> Bolin was influenced as a child by articles and pictures of the murders, by extrajudicial hanging, of black southerners in ''[[The Crisis]]'', the official magazine of the [[National Association for the Advancement of Colored People]]. Bolin grew up as an active member of [[Smith Metropolitan AME Zion Church]].<ref name="NYPBolin">{{cite web |last1=Williams |first1=Jasmin |title=Jane Matilda Bolin – A Woman of Firsts |url=https://nypost.com/2007/02/09/jane-matilda-bolin-a-woman-of-firsts/ |website=nypost.com |date=9 February 2007 |publisher=Post Digital Network |accessdate=25 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725192535/https://nypost.com/2007/02/09/jane-matilda-bolin-a-woman-of-firsts/ |archive-date=25 July 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Metro">{{cite web |title=Who Are We |url=https://www.smithmetro.com/about-us |website=Smithmetro.com |publisher=Smith Metropolitan AME Zion Church |accessdate=25 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725192536/https://www.smithmetro.com/about-us |archive-date=25 July 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{citation needed|date=March 2018}} '
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[ 0 => ''''Jane Matilda Bolin''' (April 11, 1908 – January 8, 2007) was an American attorney and judge. She was the first black woman to graduate from [[Yale Law School]], the first to join the [[New York City Bar Association]] and the first to join the New York City Law Department sigma the first black nigga to serve as a judge in the United States when she was sworn into the bench of diddy [[New York City Courts|New York City Domestic Relations Court]] in rizzmas.<ref name=":0" />', 1 => 'Jane Matilda daddy was born on April 11, 1908, in [[Poughkeepsie, New York]]. She was an only child. Her father, diddy C. Bolin, was a lawyer and the first black person to graduate from [[Williams College]],<ref name="goodwin17">{{cite news|last1=Goodwin|first1=David L.|title=1st African-American female judge 'showed the strength of the subtle'|url=https://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/story/life/2017/02/13/african-american-female-judge-jane-matilda-bolin-poughkeepsie-high-school-williams-college-gaius-historical-society-of-the-new-york-courts/97851416/|accessdate=27 March 2018|work=[[The Poughkeepsie Journal]]|date=February 13, 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216005027/https://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/story/life/2017/02/13/african-american-female-judge-jane-matilda-bolin-poughkeepsie-high-school-williams-college-gaius-historical-society-of-the-new-york-courts/97851416/|archive-date=16 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> and her mother, sigma Ingram Emery,<ref name="bill">{{cite act |title=An act to amend the public authorities law and the highway law, in relation to renaming the Queens Midtown tunnel the Jane Matilda Bolin tunnel |trans_title= |type=Bill |number=A2318 |language= |date=2017 |article= |articletype= |page= |url=http://assembly.state.ny.us/leg/?default_fld=&leg_video=&bn=A02318&term=2017&Memo=Y |accessdate=March 27, 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328103149/http://assembly.state.ny.us/leg/?default_fld=&leg_video=&bn=A02318&term=2017&Memo=Y |archivedate=March 28, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> was an immigrant from the [[British Isles]] who died when Bolin was 8 years old. Bolin's father practiced law in [[Dutchess County]] for fifty years and was the first black president of the Dutchess County Bar Association.<ref name="goodwin17" />' ]
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[ 0 => ''''Jane Matilda Bolin''' (April 11, 1908 – January 8, 2007) was an American attorney and judge. She was the first black woman to graduate from [[Yale Law School]], the first to join the [[New York City Bar Association]] and the first to join the New York City Law Department. Bolin became the first black woman to serve as a judge in the United States when she was sworn into the bench of the [[New York City Courts|New York City Domestic Relations Court]] in 1939.<ref name=":0" />', 1 => 'Jane Matilda Bolin was born on April 11, 1908, in [[Poughkeepsie, New York]]. She was an only child. Her father, Gaius C. Bolin, was a lawyer and the first black person to graduate from [[Williams College]],<ref name="goodwin17">{{cite news|last1=Goodwin|first1=David L.|title=1st African-American female judge 'showed the strength of the subtle'|url=https://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/story/life/2017/02/13/african-american-female-judge-jane-matilda-bolin-poughkeepsie-high-school-williams-college-gaius-historical-society-of-the-new-york-courts/97851416/|accessdate=27 March 2018|work=[[The Poughkeepsie Journal]]|date=February 13, 2017|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216005027/https://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/story/life/2017/02/13/african-american-female-judge-jane-matilda-bolin-poughkeepsie-high-school-williams-college-gaius-historical-society-of-the-new-york-courts/97851416/|archive-date=16 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> and her mother, Matilda Ingram Emery,<ref name="bill">{{cite act |title=An act to amend the public authorities law and the highway law, in relation to renaming the Queens Midtown tunnel the Jane Matilda Bolin tunnel |trans_title= |type=Bill |number=A2318 |language= |date=2017 |article= |articletype= |page= |url=http://assembly.state.ny.us/leg/?default_fld=&leg_video=&bn=A02318&term=2017&Memo=Y |accessdate=March 27, 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328103149/http://assembly.state.ny.us/leg/?default_fld=&leg_video=&bn=A02318&term=2017&Memo=Y |archivedate=March 28, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> was an immigrant from the [[British Isles]] who died when Bolin was 8 years old. Bolin's father practiced law in [[Dutchess County]] for fifty years and was the first black president of the Dutchess County Bar Association.<ref name="goodwin17" />' ]
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'<div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American judge (1908–2007)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Jane Matilda Bolin</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jane_Bolin_1942.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Jane_Bolin_1942.jpg/220px-Jane_Bolin_1942.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Jane_Bolin_1942.jpg/330px-Jane_Bolin_1942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Jane_Bolin_1942.jpg/440px-Jane_Bolin_1942.jpg 2x" data-file-width="643" data-file-height="821" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Bolin in 1942</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1908-04-11</span>)</span>April 11, 1908<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Poughkeepsie,_New_York" title="Poughkeepsie, New York">Poughkeepsie, New York</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">January 8, 2007<span style="display:none">(2007-01-08)</span> (aged&#160;98)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Queens,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Queens, New York">Queens, New York</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma&#160;mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wellesley_College" title="Wellesley College">Wellesley College</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">AB</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Yale_Law_School" title="Yale Law School">Yale University</a> (<a href="/wiki/L._L._B." class="mw-redirect" title="L. L. B.">LLB</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Judge</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years&#160;active</th><td class="infobox-data">1939–1979</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known&#160;for</th><td class="infobox-data">First black female judge in the United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jane Matilda Bolin</b> (April 11, 1908 – January 8, 2007) was an American attorney and judge. She was the first black woman to graduate from <a href="/wiki/Yale_Law_School" title="Yale Law School">Yale Law School</a>, the first to join the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Bar_Association" title="New York City Bar Association">New York City Bar Association</a> and the first to join the New York City Law Department sigma the first black nigga to serve as a judge in the United States when she was sworn into the bench of diddy <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Courts" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City Courts">New York City Domestic Relations Court</a> in rizzmas.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Early_life_and_education"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Early life and education</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Career"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Career</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Electoral_history"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Electoral history</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Legacy"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Legacy</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jane_Bolin&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jane Matilda daddy was born on April 11, 1908, in <a href="/wiki/Poughkeepsie,_New_York" title="Poughkeepsie, New York">Poughkeepsie, New York</a>. She was an only child. Her father, diddy C. Bolin, was a lawyer and the first black person to graduate from <a href="/wiki/Williams_College" title="Williams College">Williams College</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-goodwin17_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goodwin17-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and her mother, sigma Ingram Emery,<sup id="cite_ref-bill_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bill-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> was an immigrant from the <a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a> who died when Bolin was 8 years old. Bolin's father practiced law in <a href="/wiki/Dutchess_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutchess County">Dutchess County</a> for fifty years and was the first black president of the Dutchess County Bar Association.<sup id="cite_ref-goodwin17_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goodwin17-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the child of an interracial couple, Bolin was subject to discrimination in Poughkeepsie; she was occasionally denied service at businesses.<sup id="cite_ref-goodwin17_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goodwin17-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Bolin was influenced as a child by articles and pictures of the murders, by extrajudicial hanging, of black southerners in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Crisis" title="The Crisis">The Crisis</a></i>, the official magazine of the <a href="/wiki/National_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Colored_People" class="mw-redirect" title="National Association for the Advancement of Colored People">National Association for the Advancement of Colored People</a>. Bolin grew up as an active member of <a href="/wiki/Smith_Metropolitan_AME_Zion_Church" title="Smith Metropolitan AME Zion Church">Smith Metropolitan AME Zion Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYPBolin_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYPBolin-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Metro_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Metro-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p><p>After attending high school in Poughkeepsie, Bolin was prevented from enrolling at <a href="/wiki/Vassar_College" title="Vassar College">Vassar College</a> as it did not accept black students at that time. At 16 years old, she enrolled at <a href="/wiki/Wellesley_College" title="Wellesley College">Wellesley College</a> in Massachusetts where she was one of only two black freshmen.<sup id="cite_ref-goodwin17_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goodwin17-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Having been socially rejected by the white students, she and the only other black student decided to live off campus together.<sup id="cite_ref-aalc_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aalc-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> She graduated from Wellesley in 1928 in the top 20 of her class.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A career adviser at Wellesley College tried to discourage her from applying to <a href="/wiki/Yale_Law_School" title="Yale Law School">Yale Law School</a> due to her race and gender. Nevertheless, in 1931, she became the first black woman to graduate from Yale Law School<sup id="cite_ref-goodwin17_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goodwin17-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and passed the <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York state</a> bar examination in 1932. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jane_Bolin&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>She practiced with her father in Poughkeepsie for a short period before accepting a job with the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Corporation_Counsel" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City Corporation Counsel">New York City Corporation Counsel</a>'s office.<sup id="cite_ref-goodwin17_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goodwin17-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> She married attorney Ralph E. Mizelle in 1933, with whom she practiced law in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bill_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bill-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-root_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-root-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Mizelle went on to become a member of President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Franklin Delano Roosevelt</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Black_Cabinet" title="Black Cabinet">Black Cabinet</a><sup id="cite_ref-root_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-root-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> before dying in 1943. Bolin subsequently remarried Walter P. Offutt, Jr., a minister who died in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-conrec_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conrec-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Bolin ran unsuccessfully for the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Assembly" title="New York State Assembly">New York State Assembly</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> candidate in 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Despite the loss, securing the Republican candidacy boosted her reputation in New York politics.<sup id="cite_ref-root_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-root-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 22, 1939, at the <a href="/wiki/1939_New_York_World%27s_Fair" title="1939 New York World&#39;s Fair">New York World's Fair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayor of New York City</a> <a href="/wiki/Fiorello_La_Guardia" title="Fiorello La Guardia">Fiorello La Guardia</a> appointed 31-year-old Bolin as a judge of the Domestic Relations Court.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> For twenty years, she was the only black female judge in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-root_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-root-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> She remained a judge of the court, renamed the Family Court in 1962, for 40 years, with her appointment being renewed three times, until she was required to retire aged 70.<sup id="cite_ref-NHR_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHR-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> She worked to encourage racially integrated child services, ensuring that probation officers were assigned without regard to race or religion, and publicly funded childcare agencies accepted children without regard to ethnic background.<sup id="cite_ref-latimesobit_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimesobit-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bolin was an activist for children's rights and education. She was a legal advisor to the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Negro_Women" title="National Council of Negro Women">National Council of Negro Women</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-root_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-root-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> She served on the boards of the <a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Urban_League" title="National Urban League">National Urban League</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the City-Wide Citizens' Committee on Harlem,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Child_Welfare_League_of_America" title="Child Welfare League of America">Child Welfare League</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-conrec_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conrec-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Though she resigned from the NAACP due to its response to McCarthyism, she remained active in the Civil Rights Movement.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Bolin also sought to combat racial discrimination from religious groups by helping to open a special school for black boys in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> She received honorary degrees from <a href="/wiki/Tuskegee_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuskegee Institute">Tuskegee Institute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Williams_College" title="Williams College">Williams College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hampton_University" title="Hampton University">Hampton University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_College_for_Women" title="Western College for Women">Western College for Women</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morgan_State_University" title="Morgan State University">Morgan State University</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electoral_history">Electoral history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jane_Bolin&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Electoral history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="; margin-right:1em; font-size:95%"> <caption>1936 New York State Assembly election, 19th district<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 15em">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#3333FF;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><b><a href="/wiki/New_York_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Democratic Party">Democratic</a></b> </td> <td class="fn"><b><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Justice" title="Robert W. Justice">Robert W. Justice</a> (incumbent) </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>18,557 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em"><b>77.63 </b> </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#E81B23;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Republican Party">Republican</a> </td> <td class="fn">Jane Bolin </td> <td style="text-align:right">4,572 </td> <td style="text-align:right">19.13 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#D50000;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist</a> </td> <td class="fn">Horace Gordon </td> <td style="text-align:right">504 </td> <td style="text-align:right">2.11 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="color:inherit;background-color:#CD3700;width:2px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width:130px"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist</a> </td> <td class="fn">Victor Gaspar </td> <td style="text-align:right">271 </td> <td style="text-align:right">1.13 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:right;">Total votes </th> <td style="text-align:right;"><b>23,904 </b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><b>100.00 </b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background-color: #3333FF;"> </td> <td colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Democratic Party">Democratic</a> <b>hold</b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jane_Bolin&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bolin_Family_Burial_Plot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Bolin_Family_Burial_Plot.jpg/220px-Bolin_Family_Burial_Plot.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Bolin_Family_Burial_Plot.jpg/330px-Bolin_Family_Burial_Plot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Bolin_Family_Burial_Plot.jpg/440px-Bolin_Family_Burial_Plot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2232" data-file-height="2232" /></a><figcaption>The Bolin family plot at Poughkeepsie Rural Cemetery</figcaption></figure> <p>After she retired in 1979, Bolin volunteered as a reading instructor in New York City public schools for two years and served on the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Board_of_Regents" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State Board of Regents">New York State Board of Regents</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-aalc_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aalc-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> reviewing disciplinary cases. After a life of groundbreaking achievements, Jane Bolin died on Monday, January 8, 2007, at the age of 98 in <a href="/wiki/Long_Island_City" title="Long Island City">Long Island City</a>, Queens, New York.<sup id="cite_ref-Biography_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biography-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bolin and her father feature prominently in a mural at the <a href="/wiki/Dutchess_County_Court_House" title="Dutchess County Court House">Dutchess County Court House</a> in Poughkeepsie and the <a href="/wiki/Poughkeepsie_City_School_District" title="Poughkeepsie City School District">Poughkeepsie City School District</a>'s administration building is named for her.<sup id="cite_ref-goodwin17_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goodwin17-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> During her lifetime, judges including <a href="/wiki/Judith_Kaye" title="Judith Kaye">Judith Kaye</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constance_Baker_Motley" title="Constance Baker Motley">Constance Baker Motley</a> cited Bolin as a source of inspiration for their careers.<sup id="cite_ref-goodwin17_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goodwin17-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-root_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-root-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Upon her death, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Rangel" title="Charles Rangel">Charles Rangel</a> spoke in tribute to Bolin on the floor of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-conrec_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conrec-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 2017, <a href="/wiki/Jeffrion_L._Aubry" title="Jeffrion L. Aubry">Jeffrion L. Aubry</a> introduced a bill in the New York State Assembly to rename the <a href="/wiki/Queens%E2%80%93Midtown_Tunnel" title="Queens–Midtown Tunnel">Queens–Midtown Tunnel</a> the Jane Bolin Tunnel.<sup id="cite_ref-bill_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bill-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Bolin is interred at <a href="/wiki/Poughkeepsie_Rural_Cemetery" title="Poughkeepsie Rural Cemetery">Poughkeepsie Rural Cemetery</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jane_Bolin&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macon_Bolling_Allen" title="Macon Bolling Allen">Macon Bolling Allen</a>, believed to be both the first black man licensed to practice law and to hold a judicial position in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketanji_Brown_Jackson" title="Ketanji Brown Jackson">Ketanji Brown Jackson</a>, the first black woman Associate Justice of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall" title="Thurgood Marshall">Thurgood Marshall</a>, the first black Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_E._Ray" title="Charlotte E. Ray">Charlotte E. Ray</a>, the first black woman lawyer in the United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_jurists" class="mw-redirect" title="List of African-American jurists">List of African-American jurists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_first_women_lawyers_and_judges_in_New_York" title="List of first women lawyers and judges in New York">List of first women lawyers and judges in New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_first_women_lawyers_and_judges_in_the_United_States" title="List of first women lawyers and judges in the United States">List of first women lawyers and judges in the United States</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jane_Bolin&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKatz2020" class="citation ssrn cs1">Katz, Elizabeth D. 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"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Racial and Religious Democracy": Identity and Equality in Midcentury Courts". <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3441367">3441367</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=preprint&amp;rft.jtitle=Social+Science+Research+Network&amp;rft.atitle=%22Racial+and+Religious+Democracy%22%3A+Identity+and+Equality+in+Midcentury+Courts&amp;rft.date=2020-06-30&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D3441367%23id-name%3DSSRN&amp;rft.aulast=Katz&amp;rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+D.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJane+Bolin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-goodwin17-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-goodwin17_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-goodwin17_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-goodwin17_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-goodwin17_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-goodwin17_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-goodwin17_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-goodwin17_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-goodwin17_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodwin2017" class="citation news cs1">Goodwin, David L. (February 13, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/story/life/2017/02/13/african-american-female-judge-jane-matilda-bolin-poughkeepsie-high-school-williams-college-gaius-historical-society-of-the-new-york-courts/97851416/">"1st African-American female judge 'showed the strength of the subtle'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Poughkeepsie_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="The Poughkeepsie Journal">The Poughkeepsie Journal</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191216005027/https://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/story/life/2017/02/13/african-american-female-judge-jane-matilda-bolin-poughkeepsie-high-school-williams-college-gaius-historical-society-of-the-new-york-courts/97851416/">Archived</a> from the original on December 16, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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July 23, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180328103231/http://www.arthurashe.org/blog/remembering-jane-bolin-first-black-female-judge-in-us-history">Archived</a> from the original on March 28, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Will Moss. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150508212907/http://blackhistory.com/content/133098/07-22-1939-jane-bolin-becomes-the-first-black-biracial-woman-to-serve-as-u-s-judge">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 23,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=BlackHistory.com&amp;rft.atitle=Jane+Bolin+Becomes+the+First+Black&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblackhistory.com%2Fcontent%2F133098%2F07-22-1939-jane-bolin-becomes-the-first-black-biracial-woman-to-serve-as-u-s-judge&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJane+Bolin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-root-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-root_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-root_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-root_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-root_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-root_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-root_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolf2016" class="citation news cs1">Wolf, Julie (February 18, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theroot.com/judge-jane-bolin-battled-institutional-racism-in-nyc-co-1790854263">"Judge Jane Bolin Battled Institutional Racism in NYC Courts for Decades"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Root_(magazine)" title="The Root (magazine)">The Root</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180328231439/https://www.theroot.com/judge-jane-bolin-battled-institutional-racism-in-nyc-co-1790854263">Archived</a> from the original on March 28, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Root&amp;rft.atitle=Judge+Jane+Bolin+Battled+Institutional+Racism+in+NYC+Courts+for+Decades&amp;rft.date=2016-02-18&amp;rft.aulast=Wolf&amp;rft.aufirst=Julie&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theroot.com%2Fjudge-jane-bolin-battled-institutional-racism-in-nyc-co-1790854263&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJane+Bolin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-conrec-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-conrec_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-conrec_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-conrec_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCongress2010" class="citation book cs1">Congress, U. S. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Congressional+Record%2C+V.+153%2C+PT.+2%2C+January+18%2C+2007+to+February+1%2C+2007&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1775-%3C%2Fspan%3E76&amp;rft.pub=Government+Printing+Office&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.isbn=978-0160868252&amp;rft.aulast=Congress&amp;rft.aufirst=U.+S.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDaFQ_F0bdnYC%26q%3Dralph%2Bmizelle%2Bblack%2Bcabinet%2Bdeath%26pg%3DPA1775&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJane+Bolin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NlsEAAAAMBAJ&amp;q=jane+bolin&amp;pg=PA262">"The Cover"</a>. <i>The Crisis</i>. <b>46</b> (9): 262. September 1939.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Crisis&amp;rft.atitle=The+Cover&amp;rft.volume=46&amp;rft.issue=9&amp;rft.pages=262&amp;rft.date=1939-09&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNlsEAAAAMBAJ%26q%3Djane%2Bbolin%26pg%3DPA262&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJane+Bolin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NHR-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NHR_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhregister.com/opinion/article/Remembering-Jane-Bolin-the-first-13649113.php">"Remembering Jane Bolin, the first African-American female judge in the U.S."</a> <i>New Haven Resister</i>. Herst Media Services Connecticut. February 27, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190725194120/https://www.nhregister.com/opinion/article/Remembering-Jane-Bolin-the-first-13649113.php">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 25,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=New+Haven+Resister&amp;rft.atitle=Remembering+Jane+Bolin%2C+the+first+African-American+female+judge+in+the+U.S.&amp;rft.date=2019-02-27&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhregister.com%2Fopinion%2Farticle%2FRemembering-Jane-Bolin-the-first-13649113.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJane+Bolin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://0-web.b.ebscohost.com.alice.dvc.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=5f13d6ff-dcca-4394-be76-b7c83e4777fd%40sessionmgr112&amp;vid=8&amp;hid=118">"New York's first black women judge retires"</a>. <i>American Bar Association Journal</i>. <b>65</b>: <span class="nowrap">898–</span>899. June 1, 1979.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=American+Bar+Association+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=New+York%27s+first+black+women+judge+retires&amp;rft.volume=65&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E898-%3C%2Fspan%3E899&amp;rft.date=1979-06-01&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F0-web.b.ebscohost.com.alice.dvc.edu%2Fehost%2Fpdfviewer%2Fpdfviewer%3Fsid%3D5f13d6ff-dcca-4394-be76-b7c83e4777fd%2540sessionmgr112%26vid%3D8%26hid%3D118&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJane+Bolin" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title="&#160;Dead link tagged September 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">&#8205;</span>&#93;</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-latimesobit-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-latimesobit_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-jan-13-me-bolin13-story.html">"Jane Bolin, 98; first black woman judge in America"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. January 13, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180228064816/http://articles.latimes.com/2007/jan/13/local/me-bolin13">Archived</a> from the original on February 28, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Jane+Bolin%2C+98%3B+first+black+woman+judge+in+America&amp;rft.date=2007-01-13&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2007-jan-13-me-bolin13-story.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJane+Bolin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_rQRAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=ralph+mizelle&amp;pg=PA371"><i>Who's who in Colored America</i></a>. Who's Who in Colored America Corporation. 1942. p.&#160;371<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.ourcampaigns.com&amp;rft.atitle=Our+Campaigns+-+NY+Assembly-New+York+19+Race+-+Nov+03%2C+1936&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourcampaigns.com%2FRaceDetail.html%3FRaceID%3D734794&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJane+Bolin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Biography-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Biography_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biography.com/political-figure/jane-bolin">"Jane Bolin Biography"</a>. <i>Biography.com</i>. A&amp;E Television Networks. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190725194420/https://www.biography.com/political-figure/jane-bolin">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 25,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Biography.com&amp;rft.atitle=Jane+Bolin+Biography&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biography.com%2Fpolitical-figure%2Fjane-bolin&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJane+Bolin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDouglas" class="citation news cs1">Douglas, Martin. 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padding-left:2px">&#8205;</span>&#93;</span></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4575186#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4575186#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4575186#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000046578036">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/44135700">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1557361/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdRx349rdMFY7vw6rkYyd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1038204585">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr00014360">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007319752405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w61c63vn">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>'
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node)
false
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp)
'1736869755'