Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext ) | '{{Infobox Anglican Church
|show_name =''Iglesia Filipina Independiente''
|image = [[File:Logo ifi white.jpg]]
|caption = ''Logo of the Iglesia Filipina Independiente: Scripture, Charity, Knowledge, Liberty''
|primate = The Most Reverend Ephraim Fajutagana y Servanez, ''Obispo Máximo XII''
|headquarters = National Cathedral of the Holy Child, 1500 [[Taft Avenue]], [[Ermita, Manila|Ermita]], [[Manila]], [[Philippines]]
|population = 6,000,000 (estimate)
|territory = [[Philippines]], [[North America]], [[Europe]], [[Middle East]], and [[Northeast Asia]]
|website = {{URL|www.ifi.ph}}
}}
The '''Philippine Independent Church''' (officially {{lang-es|Iglesia Filipina Independiente}}, '''''IFI''''', [[Ilocano language|Ilocano]]: '''''Siwawayawaya nga Simbaan ti Filipinas''''', {{lang-tl|'''Malayang Simbahan ng Pilipinas'''}}, [[Kinaray-a language|Kinaray-a]]: '''''Simbahan Hilway nga Pilipinhon'''''; also known as the '''Philippine Independent Catholic Church''') is a [[Christian]] denomination of the [[Catholic]] tradition in the form of a [[national church]] in the [[Philippines]]. Its separation from the [[Roman Catholic Church]] was proclaimed by members of the first labour unions federation in the country, the '''[[Union Obrera Democratica Filipina]]''', in 1902. [[Isabelo de los Reyes]] was one of the initiators of the separation, and suggested that [[Gregorio Aglipay]]<ref>Achutegui, Pedro S. de & Bernad, Miguel A. (1971) "The Religious Coup d'Etat 1898–1901: a documentary history", in ''Religious Revolution in the Philippines'', Volume III. Manila: University Press (cited in Larkin, John A. "Review 74-- No Title", ''The Journal of Asian Studies'', Nov 1972; 32,1. at Proquest (subscription)</ref><ref>[http://www.ifi.ph/history History]</ref> be the head of the church. It is also known as the '''Aglipayan Church''' after its first [[Supreme Bishop]], Gregorio Aglipay.
The Catholic Church acted severely against promoters of the national church, with the [[Pope]] instructing the [[Archbishop of Manila]] to excommunicate those who initiated the schism.<ref>"Pope Orders Sharp Action; Archbishop of [[Manila]] Instructed to Excommunicate Philippine National Church Promoters", ''New York Times'', New York, NY: Dec 29, 1902. p.7</ref> Since 1960 the church has been in [[full communion]] with the [[Episcopal Church in the United States of America]] (and through it with the entire [[Anglican Communion]]), and since 1965 with the [[Old Catholic]] [[Utrecht Union|Union of Utrecht]].
The current ''[[Obispo Maximo|Obispo Máximo]]'' is [[Supreme_Bishop#XII._Ephraim_Fajutagana_y_Servanez_D.D.|the Most Rev. Ephraim Fajutagana]], whose central office is in the National Cathedral of the Holy Child on [[Taft Avenue]], [[Ermita, Manila|Ermita]], [[Manila]].
==History==
===Colonial church===
[[File:Aguinaldo ang aglipay.jpg|thumb|right|Pres. [[Emilio Aguinaldo]] and [[Obispo Maximo]] [[Gregorio Aglipay]], with some Cabinet Official of the 1st Phil. Republic, Dec. 1904.]]
Although many Spanish friars protested abuses by the Spanish government and military, others committed abuses. Some blocked the ascent of native clergy in the Catholic hierarchy, and claimed vast estates from landless farmers. Cases of sexual abuse of women were widely known, and priests were known to sire illegitimate children. ''Anák ni Padre Dámaso'' (child of [[Father Dámaso]]), alluding to a character in one of [[José Rizal]]'s novels, became a cliché or stereotype to refer to an illegitimate child, especially that of a priest. The executions of priests [[Mariano Gómez]], [[José Burgos]], and [[Jacinto Zamora]] (collectively known as the [[Gomburza]]) at the hands of Spanish authorities is said to have had a deep effect on [[Rizal]] and subsequently the 1896 [[Philippine Revolution]].
===Gregorio Aglipay===
[[File:Gregorio Aglipay.jpg|thumb|right|240px|[[Gregorio Aglipay]] in his youth before excommunication]]
'''[[Gregorio Aglipay]]''' was an activist Roman Catholic [[priest]] from [[Ilocos Norte]] who was excommunicated by the [[Holy See|Vatican]] for inciting rebellion within the Filipino clergy, despite his defence of some Spanish Catholic clergy from liberal-nationalist Filipino revolutionaries. During the brief interlude between independence from the Spanish and occupation by the [[United States]], [[Isabelo de los Reyes]] (also known as Don Belong) and Aglipay acted to reform the Filipino Catholic clergy. They founded the Philippine Independent Church in 1902. The new church rejected the spiritual authority of the [[Pope]] (then [[Pope Leo XIII]]) and abolished the [[celibacy]] requirement for priests, who were then allowed to marry. All of its clergy were former Catholic priests.
[[File:Bust of Gregorio Aglipay.jpg|thumb|left|170px| Bust of Gregorio Aglipay in the Parish of [[St. William]] in [[Laoag City]].]]
The church drew upon the Masonic Code for concepts of theology and worship. It was supported by [[Miguel Morayta]], the Grand Master of the Spanish Orient Lodge of [[Freemasonry]] in Madrid.<ref name=Schumacher>[http://books.google.com/books?id=aaLh8W6_84cC Schumacher, John N., ''Revolutionary Clergy: The Filipino Clergy and the Nationalist Movement, 1850-1903''], p. 224, Ateneo de Manila U Press, ISBN 971-550-121-4, ISBN 978-971-550-121-7</ref> Aglipay was also a Mason.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=ZvBjhJr9Ev0C Denslow, William R., ''10,000 Famous Freemasons, Part One''], p. 7 (Kessinger Publishing, 2004) ISBN 1-4179-7578-4, ISBN 978-1-4179-7578-5</ref> The historian John N. Schumacher contends that Morayta and other non-Filipino laymen who pushed Aglipay toward [[Schism (religion)|schism]] from the Catholic Church were motivated more by resentment of friars' activities in the Philippines than nationalism.<ref name=Schumacher />
Later the newly-independent Church reformed the [[Tridentine Mass|Latin Tridentine liturgy]], adopting the model of [[Book of Common Prayer|Anglican vernacular reform]]. The Eucharist has been said in [[Spanish language in the Philippines|Spanish]] (and sometimes [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]) since the earliest days of the Church.
Visiting other churches while traveling abroad, Aglipay developed his theology, coming to reject the divinity of Jesus and the concept of the [[Trinity]] and becoming theologically [[Unitarianism|Unitarian]]. Other Church officials refused to accept this revised theology. Aglipay's unitarian and progressive theological ideas were evident in his [[novenary]], ''Pagsisiyam sa Birhen sa Balintawak'', 1925<ref>Aglipay, Gregorio, [http://josephscalice.com/index.php/2008/04/02/pagsisiyam-sa-virgen-sa-balintawak/ Pagsisiyam sa Birhen sa Balintawak], 1925</ref> and its English translation, ''Novenary of the Motherland'' (1926).<ref>[http://josephscalice.com/index.php/2008/04/03/novenary-of-the-motherland/ Aglipay, Gregorio, ''Novenary of the Motherland''], 1926</ref>
===Revolution===
At the end of the 19th century, [[Filipino nationalism]] emerged, preceding the struggles of other colonies in [[Asia]], such as [[India]] and [[French Indochina]]. Spain's last remaining [[Spanish colonization of the Americas|colonies in the Americas]], [[Cuba]] and [[Puerto Rico]], were fighting for secession at the same time. After the execution of prominent native-born clergy such as the Gomburza at the hands of the Spanish royal authorities, Church reforms became a facet of the Philippine independence movement.
===Factionalism===
Winning large numbers of adherents in its early years because of its nationalist roots, Aglipayan numbers decreased due to factionalism and doctrinal disagreements. Some factions, tending towards more radical cryptoprotestant reforms, formally joined other denominations including the [[Episcopal Church in the Philippines|Episcopal Church]] and the American [[Unitarianism|Unitarians]]. The definitive growth limiting factor was the decision of the American government, after the Spanish-American War, to award the seized Catholic church buildings of the nascent Philippine Independent Church — the majority of which had become Aglipayan during the revolutionary period — to the Roman Catholic Church.
===Current state===
Today, the Philippine Independent Church is affiliated with the [[Old Catholic]]s and the [[Anglican Communion]]. Aglipayans number around 6 million members. They constitute about 2.6% of the total population of the Philippines, while 80.2% of the population are members of the [[Catholic Church]].
Iglesia Filipina Independiente (Philippine Independent Church), an independent church, has [[Concordat]] relationships with the Anglican provinces and the Old Catholic Church. Its members are currently spread throughout the Philippines, the United States, Canada, Europe and Asia. The spiritual head is called [[Obispo Maximo]] (Supreme Bishop). His Eminence Ephraim S. Fajutagana is the incumbent and the 12th Obispo Máximo.
Most of the members of the church, like the founders Aglipay and De Los Reyes, are activists, often involved in progressive groups as they advocate for nationalism, anti-imperialism, democracy, as well as opposing extrajudicial killings. They have been victims of forced disappearances and been branded as leftist by the government for being aligned with progressive groups, specifically after ''Obispo Máximo IX'' Alberto Ramento was killed for being an anti-government critic.
In 2002, Aglipayan bishops registered their objection to the presence of US Special Forces troops in the country.<ref>"Clerics object to US troops." BusinessWorld. Manila: Feb 14, 2002. pg. 1</ref> Today, the Philippine Independent Church is the second-largest Christian denomination in the country after the Roman Catholic Church. Most of the members of the Church are from the northern part of [[Luzon]], especially in the [[Ilocos Region]].
==Councils and sectoral organizations==
*'''Supreme Council of Bishops (SCB)''' - consists of all serving and retired bishops, defines the doctrines of the Church, adopts and prescribes official liturgical rites, and gives pastoral and moral guidance to the faithful.
** '''''North Central Luzon Bishops Conference'''''.
** '''''South Central Luzon Bishops Conference'''''.
** '''''Visayas Bishops Conference'''''.
** '''''Mindanao Bishops Conference'''''.
:The Council shall be vested with the following powers and shall perform the following functions:
:- To adopt any amendment or amendments to the Constitution, Canons, and Articles of Religion for ratification by the General Assembly.
:- To define the doctrines of the Church.
:- To adopt and prescribe official liturgical rites.
:- To act on cases instituted against bishops, provided, however, that such action shall be final and executory unless within thirty days after the receipt of the decision an appeal is directed to the Supreme Bishop for final adjudication within three months from receipt of the appeal.
:- To perform such other functions as provided for in the Constitution and Canons of the Church.
:- To report to the General Assembly in its immediately subsequent session any action it taken on ecclesiastical matters and administrative cases.
*'''The Council of Priests (COP)''' - composed of all priest-delegates to the General Assembly. It elects a Chairperson, a Vice Chairperson and a Secretary for an office of three years. The Council of Priests promotes the welfare of priests and represents their concerns to the General Assembly.
** '''''National Priest Organization'''''.
:The duties of the Council are as follows:
:- To recommend to the General Assembly through the Executive Commission, amendment or amendments to the Constitution and policies for the conduct of the government of the Church.
:- To perform such other functions as provided for in the Canons of the Church.
:- To report to the General Assembly in its immediately subsequent session any action and activities in has taken.
:- To cooperate with the Supreme Council of Bishops, the National Lay Council, and other commissions in promoting the interests and welfare of the Church.
:- To discharge such functions as may be assigned to it by the General Assembly and the Executive Commission.
*'''National Lay Council''' - composed of the men, women and youth delegates of every diocese represented in the General Assembly. It works to promote and enhance the participation of the laity in the governance and general affairs of the Church.
** '''''Women of the Philippine Independent Church (WOPIC)'''''
** '''''Youth of the Iglesia Filipina Independiente (YIFI)'''''
** '''''Laymen of the Iglesia Filipina Independiente (LIFI)'''''
:The duties of the National Lay Council are as follows:
:- To recommend to the General Assembly, through the Executive Commission, amendment or amendments to the Constitution and policies for the conduct of the government of the Church.
:- To assist the Commission on Business and Finance in the raising of funds for the Church.
:- To adopt such measures as will enhance the participation of the laity in Church affairs.
:- To cooperate with the Supreme Council of Bishops, Council of Priests, and other bodies in promoting the interests and welfare of the Church.
:- To coordinate and/or supervise the work of the Organizations under it.
:- To discharge such functions as may be assigned.
==Declaration of Faith==
{{Christianity}}
{{Roman Rite of Mass}}
'''INTRODUCTION'''
The Declaration of Faith is the public confession of the faith that is professed by the Iglesia Filipina Independiente. It declares belief in the Triune God and the Catholic and Apostolic character of the Church. The Declaration of Faith, with the Articles of Religion, was established by the Church in the 1947 General Assembly.
'''DECLARATION OF FAITH'''
'''The Holy Trinity'''
One God, true and living, of infinite power, wisdom and goodness; the Maker and Preserver of all things visible and invisible. And that in the unity of this Godhead there be three Persons, of one substance, power and eternity: the Father who is made of none, neither created nor begotten; the Son who is of the Father alone, not made nor created, but begotten, the Holy Ghost who is of the Father and the Son, neither made, nor created, nor begotten, but proceeding.
'''Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God'''
Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God, the second Person of the Trinity, very and eternal God, of one substance with the Father, took man’s nature in the womb of the Blessed Virgin, after she had conceived by the Holy Ghost. He suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died and was buried. Word-(Sheol) means pit, back to the ground, which the Jewish people understood when you died you would go to the ground or Sheol and wait till judgment day. when the King James Bible was translated they used the word hell or Hades which is wrong. The third day he rose again from the dead, He ascended into Heaven, and sitteth at the right hand of God the Father Almighty; from thence He shall come to judge both the living and the dead.
'''The Holy Spirit'''
The Holy Spirit, the Lord and Giver of life, Who proceedeth from the Father and the Son: Who with the Father and the Son together we worship and glorify.
'''One Catholic and Apostolic Church'''
The Church, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic, which is the Body of Christ, founded by Christ for the redemption and sanctification of mankind, and to which Church He gave power and authority to preach His Gospel to the whole world under the guidance of His Holy Spirit.
==Articles of Religion==
''Introduction''
The Articles of Religion are doctrinal statements that define the standards of doctrine of the Iglesia Filipina Independiente. It contains the basic summary of the doctrinal teachings subscribed to by the clergy and laity of the Church.
''Articles of Religion''
''We hold to the following articles of religion taught by this Church:''
''Salvation:''
Salvation is obtained only through a vital faith in Jesus Christ, the Son of God, as Lord and Saviour. This faith should manifest itself in good works.
''Holy Scriptures'':The Holy Scriptures contain all things necessary to salvation, and nothing which cannot be proved thereby should be required to be believed.
''The Creeds'':The Articles of the Christian Faith as contained in the ancient Creeds known as the Apostles’ and Nicene Creeds are to be taught by this Church and accepted by the faithful.
''The Sacraments'':
The Sacraments are outward and visible signs of our faith and a means whereby God manifests His goodwill towards us and confers grace upon us.
Two Sacraments, Baptism and Holy Communion, commonly called the Mass, ordained by Christ Himself, are held to be generally necessary to salvation.
''Baptism'' is necessary for salvation. It signifies and confers grace, cleansing from original sin as well as actual sin previously committed; makes us children of God and heirs of everlasting life. It effects our entrance into the Church of God. It is administered with water in the Name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost.
''Confirmation'', whereby, through the imposition of the Bishop’s hands, anointing and prayer, baptized Christians are strengthened by the gifts of the Holy Spirit and confirmed in the Faith.
''Penance'', the confession of sins as commanded by Jesus Christ.
''The Holy Eucharist'', the sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ, taken and received by the faithful for the strengthening and refreshing of their bodies and souls.
''Holy Unction'', whereby the sick, especially one in danger of death, is anointed with oil with prayer. He receives, if necessary, remission of sins, the strengthening of his soul, and, if it be God’s will, restoration to health.
''Holy orders'', a Sacrament by which Bishops, Priests and Deacons are ordained and receive power and authority to perform their sacred duties.
''Holy Matrimony'', a sacrament in which a man and a woman are joined together in the holy estate of matrimony.
''The Holy Eucharist'':
The Holy Eucharist, commonly called the Mass, is the central act of Christian worship. It is the sacrament of our redemption by Christ’s death. Those who partake of it receive the Body and Blood of Christ. All who purpose to make their communion should diligently try and examine themselves before they presume to eat of that Bread and drink of that Cup. For as the benefit is great, if with a true penitent heart and lively faith a man receive that Holy Sacrament, so is the danger great if he receive the same unworthily.
The Mass is to be said in the official language of the Church in such a way it can be heard by the worshipers.
The authorized Order for the celebration of the Mass is that set forth in the Prayer Book adopted by this Church.
''Sacred Ministry'':
From Apostolic times there have been three Orders of Ministers in the Church of God: Bishops, Priests and Deacons. These orders are to be reverently esteemed and continued in this Church. And no man is to be accepted as a lawful Bishop, Priest, or Deacon in this Church, or permitted to execute any functions pertaining to these Orders, except he be called, tried, examined, and admitted thereunto according to the Canons of this Church, and in accordance with the Order prescribed by this Church for making, Ordaining and Consecrating Bishops, Priests and Deacons, or hath had Episcopal Consecration or Ordination.
''Celibacy of the Clergy'':
Bishops, Priests, and Deacons are not commanded by God’s law to marry to abstain from marriage, therefore they are permitted to marry at their own discretion, as they shall judge the same to serve better to godliness.
''Church Building'':
Churches for the worship of God are to be erected and separated from all unhallowed, worldly, and common uses, that men may reverence the Majesty of God and show forth greater devotion and humility in His service.
''The Altar'':
The altar is the most sacred part of the Church because there Jesus is sacramentally present. It symbolizes Mt. Calvary, and, therefore, if images of Saints are used for adornment, care is to be exercised that such ornaments may not distract the minds of the worshipers from the Person of Jesus Christ.
''Worship, Rites and Ceremonies'':
Only such Orders of Service as have been authorized by this Church shall be used in Public Worship; provided, however, that the Diocesan Bishop or Supreme Council of Bishops may authorize Orders of Service for special occasions.
''Language of Public Service'':
All public services shall be conducted in the official language of the Church, or in any other language the Supreme Council of Bishops may prescribe.
''Purity of Life'':
Holiness, altruism, obedience to God’s Commandments and a zeal for His honor and glory are incumbent upon Clergy and Laity alike, therefore all should be trained in a clean and disciplined life, not neglecting prayer, study, and the exercise of moral discipline.
''Knowledge'':
All truth is of God, therefore the Church should promote sound knowledge and good learning. No books except those detrimental to good morals are to be prohibited.
''The Blessed Virgin'':
The Virgin Mary was chosen by God to be the Mother of Jesus Christ. As Jesus Christ is truly God and Mary is the Mother of Jesus Christ, she is the Mother of God in His human generation. She whom God honored is to be honored above all.
''The Saints'':
Persons universally recognized for their holiness of life, loyalty and courage, especially the Blessed Virgin and the New Testament Saints, are to be held in reverent remembrance. Veneration of Saints is not contrary to God’s commandments as revealed in the Scriptures; but their deification is condemned by the Church as a monstrous blasphemy. Veneration of the Saints must not obscure the duty of the faithful to direct approach to God through Jesus Christ. Honor rendered the Saints must in no wise detract from the honor due the Three Persons of the Holy Trinity.
''Miracles'':
Holy Scriptures teach us that events take place in the natural world, but out of its established order, which are possible only through the intervention of divine power, like the Incarnation of Jesus Christ. So-called miracles, based not on well-authenticated facts but on merely fantastic rumors, are repudiated. Belief in unsubstantiated miracles leads to pagan fanaticism and is to be condemned as destructive to the true faith.
''Attitude Towards The Roman Catholic Church'':
When this Church withdrew from the Roman Catholic Church, it repudiated the authority of the Pope and such doctrines, customs and practices as were inconsistent with the Word of God, sound learning and a good conscience. It had no intention of departing from Catholic doctrine, practice and discipline as set forth by the Councils of the undivided Church. Such departures as occurred were due to the exigencies of the times, and are to be corrected by official action as opportunity affords, so that this Church may be brought into the stream of historic Christianity and be universally acknowledge as a true branch of the Catholic Church.
''Attitude Towards Other Churches'':
Opportunity is to be sought for closer cooperation with other branches of the Catholic Church, and cordial relations maintained with all who acknowledge Jesus Christ as Lord and Saviour.
''Church and State'':
This Church is politically independent of the State, and the State of the Church. The Church does not ally itself with any particular school of political thought or with any political party. Its members are politically free and are urged to be exemplary citizens and to use their influence for the prosperity and welfare of the State.
''Doctrine and Constitutional Rules of the Church and the Fundamental Epistles'':
The Doctrine and Constitutional Rules of the Philippine Independent Church, adopted on October 28, 1903, and subsequently amended, and the Fundamental Epistles of the Philippine Independent Church, are henceforth not to be held as binding either upon the Clergy or Laity of this Church in matters of Doctrine, Discipline or Order, wherein they differ in substance from the Declaration of Faith or the Articles of Religion contained herein. They are to be valued as historical documents promulgated by the Founders of this Church when they were seeking to interpret the Catholic Faith in a manner understood by the people. Under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit the Church has sought to eradicate such errors of judgment and doctrine as crept into its life and official documents in times past.
''Additions, Amendments, Repeal'':
The Declaration of Faith shall not be altered, amended or repealed. However, the Articles of Religion may be amended, repealed or added to by an absolute majority of the delegates to the General Assembly having the right to vote. Such action before it becomes binding upon the Church must be ratified by the Supreme Council of Bishops and approved by the Supreme Bishop.
==Notable Aglipayans/Filipinistas==
<gallery>
File:Isabelo de los Reyes, Sr..jpg|[[Isabelo de los Reyes|Isabelo de los Reyes, Sr]]. Founder and President of the ''[[Union Obrera Democratica|Unión Obrera Democratica Filipina]]'' (Philippine Democratic Labour Union) and co-founder of the IFI.
File:Aguinaldo of ifi.jpg|Gen. [[Emilio Aguinaldo]], the first [[President of the Philippines]]
File:Tandang Sora of ifi.jpg|[[Melchora Aquino]], "Mother of the Philippine Revolution"
File:Mabini of ifi.jpg|[[Apolinario Mabini]]
File:Felipe Buencamino.jpg|Felipe Buencamino, co-author of the [[Malolos Constitution]].
</gallery>
*[[Gregorio Aglipay|Most Rev. Gregorio Aglipay y Labayan, ''Obispo Máximo I'']] – first Supreme Bishop of the Filipino Church, Vicar General of the Revolutionary Government. Convener of the Filipino Ecclesiastical Council (Paniqui Assembly), in response to Mabini’s manifesto urging the Filipino clergies to organize a Filipino National Church. Member of the Malolos Congress, the lone member coming from the religious sector though he represented his province Ilocos Norte. Guerilla Leader of Ilocos Norte during the Filipino-American War with the rank of Lt. General.
*Don [[Isabelo de los Reyes]] – also known as '''''Don Belong''''', Reyes was a prominent Filipino politician, writer, translator of the first [[Filipino language|Filipino]] [[Bible]] and labour activist in the 19th and 20th centuries. The founder of the IFI, he is often called the "Father of Filipino Socialism" for his writings and activism with labour unions.
* [[Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo]] – First [[President of the Philippines]]. With his influence, inspiration and strong support and together with other Caviteño revolutionary generals and officers, the IFI gained a sweeping stronghold in the entire Cavite. His brother, Gen. Baldomero Aguinaldo was the president of Comite de Caballeros of the Filipino Church in Kawit; while his youngest sister Felicidád; his wife Hilaria del Rosario; and his mother Sra. Trinidád Famy were officers of the ''Comision de Damas'' (Women's Commission) of the Church.
* [[Apolinario Mabini]] – a Filipino political philosopher and revolutionary who wrote a constitutional plan for the [[First Republic of the Philippines|First Philippine Republic]], and served as its first Prime Minister in 1899. Often called "the Sublime Paralytic" and "the Brains of the Revolution, Mabini is the ''de facto'' first [[Prime Minister of the Philippines]].
* [[Melchora Aquino]] – was a Filipina revolutionary who became known as ''Tandang Sora'' because of her age when the 1896 [[Philippine Revolution]] broke out (she was already 84). She gained the titles "Grand Woman of the Revolution" and "Mother of Balintawak" for her contributions to the independence movement. She was among the Church's most prominent and devoted followers in [[Caloocan]].
* [[Baldomero Aguinaldo|Gen. Baldomero Aguinaldo]] – a revolutionary general and brother of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo; elected President of the ''Comite de Caballeros'' of the IFI in Kawit.
* [[Lope K. Santos]] – Nationalist and playwright from [[Pandacan, Manila]]. Introduced the now-obsolete ''[[Abakada alphabet|Abakada]]'' [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] [[spelling reform]] in 1940.
* [[Aurelio Tolentino]] – Prominent Pampango writer, dramatist, and one of the founders of Katipunan. The foremost advocate of the establishment of the Filipino Church in Pampanga.
* [[Vicente Sotto|Vicente Y. Sotto]] – dramatist, writer, joulnalist, foremost anti-friar,the fiery Publisher-Editor of Ang Suga and El Pueblo; and the prominent founder of the Filipino Church in Cebu. (He was the grandfather of Sen. Vicente "Tito" Sotto III and Actor Vic Sotto).
*[[Mariano Marcos]] – was a lawyer and a politician from [[Ilocos Norte]], Philippines. A Congressman from 1925 to 1931[1], He is best known for being the father of former president [[Ferdinand Marcos]].
*Felipe Buencamino Sr. – co-writer of the [[Malolos Constitution|Constitution of the Philippine Republic at Malolos]], Filipino composer. A co-founder of the IFI.
*Most Rev. Santiago Antonio Fonacier y Suguitan, ''Obispo Máximo II'' – second Supreme Bishop. A writer known for translating ''[[Noli Me Tangere (novel)|Noli Me Tangere]]'' and ''[[El filibusterismo|El Filibusterismo]]'' into [[Ilokano language|Ilocano]].
*The Most Rev Soliman Ganno y Flores, ''Obispo Máximo VII'' – eighth Supreme Bishop. Successfully solicited funds to build the Cathedral of the Holy Child and became its first Dean. Installed as ''Obispo Máximo'' in 1987, but died in office in 1989 of heart failure at the Cathedral altar.
*[[Alberto Ramento|The Most Rev. Alberto Ramento y Baldovino, ''Obispo Máximo IX'']] – ninth Supreme Bishop. Assassinated in 2007 for being a government critic and an active campaigner against [[Human rights in the Philippines|Human Rights violations in the Philippines]].
*Atty. José Garvida Flores – Patriot, prolific Ilokano writer and playwright from [[Bangui, Ilocos Norte]]. Composed "''Filipinas Nadayag a Filipinas''", which is sung during services of the IFI.
*[[Cesar Virata]] – the fourth Prime Minister of the Philippines from 1981 to 1986 under the Interim Batasang Pambansa and the Regular Batasang Pambansa. One of the Philippines' business leaders and leading technocrats, he served as Finance Minister from 1970 during the Marcos regime and also through election became Prime Minister in 1981. He concurrently was Finance Minister throughout the 80's. He is the grandnephew of the first Philippine President, Emilio Aguinaldo.
*[[Crispin Beltran|Rep. Crispin S. Beltran]] – the "Grand Old Man of Philippine Labour". was a Filipino politician and labour leader. A staunch critic of [[Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo]], his imprisonment in 2006 and 2007 on disputed charges of rebellion and sedition drew international attention. As a member of 13th Congress of the Philippines with the Anakpawis or the 'Toiling Masses Partylist' and former chair of Kilusang Mayo Uno (KMU) (a militant and progressive labour movement), he was a major figure in contemporary Filipino history. Died when he fell while repairing the roof of his house.
*[[Bayani Fernando]] – former chairman of the [[Metropolitan Manila Development Authority]].
*[[Calixto Zaldivar]] – former representative, Lone District of [[Antique]] (1934–1935), former Governor of Antique (1951–1955) and former Associate Justice of the [[Supreme Court of the Philippines|Supreme Court]] (1964–1974). Former president of the National Lay Organization of the IFI.
*Enrique A. Zaldivar – son of Justice Zaldivar. Former Governor of [[Antique Province|Antique]], and former Ambassador to Brunei.
*[[Salvacion Z. Perez]] – former Governor of [[Antique Province|Antique]], daughter of Justice Zaldivar.
*[[Gedeon G. Quijano]] – former Governor of [[Misamis Occidental]]. Son of IFI Bishop Juan P. Quijano.
*[[Ferdinand Marcos|President Ferdinand E. Marcos]] – tenth President of the Philippines. Born in the IFI, but converted to [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]].
*[[Marian Rivera]] – commercial model and actress, known for her roles in [[MariMar (Philippine TV series)|MariMar]]; [[Dyesebel]]; [[Darna]]; and [[Amaya (TV series)|Amaya]], the first historical epic drama in the Philippine Television. Also known as the Primetime Queen of [[GMA Network]].
*Emmeline Yan Aglipay – Representative, DIWA party-list
*Eduardo Firmalo – incumbent Governor of [[Romblon]]
*Deo Macalma – [[DZRH]] broadcaster, Mayor of [[Star City]].
*[[Cebuano literature|Gardeopatra G. Quijano]] – WOPIC President (1975–1977).
*[[Ladislao Bonus]] - was a composer, conductor, contrabass player, and teacher in [[Pandacan, Manila]]. Considered as "Father of the Filipino opera".
==List of Obispos Máximos==
[[File:IFI National Cathedral.JPG|thumb|right|370px|The National Cathedral of the Holy Child in [[Taft Avenue]], [[Ermita]], [[Manila]]. The Seat of the [[Obispo Maximo]].]]
{{multicol}}
*[[Supreme_Bishop#I._Greg.C3.B3rio_Agl.C3.ADpay_y_Lab.C3.A1yan_D.D.:|The Most Rev. (Lt. Gen.) Gregorio Aglipay y Labayan]]
:'''Proclaimed Obispo Máximo:''' August 3, 1902, Manila.
:'''Term of Office:''' 1902-1940 (Inaugural holder)
*[[Supreme_Bishop#II._Santi.C3.A1go_Ant.C3.B3nio_Fonacier_y_Sugu.C3.ADtan:|The Most Rev. Santiago Antonio Fonacier y Suguitan]]
:'''Elected Obispo Máximo:''' October 14, 1940, Tondo Cathedral, Manila.
:'''Term of Office:''' 1940-1946
*[[Supreme_Bishop#III._Ger.C3.A1rdo_Bayaca_y_Med.C3.ADna:|The Most Rev. Gerardo Bayaca y Medina]]
:'''Elected Obispo Máximo:''' January 22, 1946, Maria Clara Christ Church, Sta. Cruz, Manila.
:'''Term of Office:''' January – September, 1946.
*[[Supreme_Bishop#IV._Isab.C3.A9lo_de_los_R.C3.A9yes.2C_Jr._y_Lopez_Ph.D..2C_STD.2C_D.D.:|The Most Rev Isabelo de los Reyes, Jr. y Lopez]]
: '''Elected Obispo Máximo:''' September 1, 1946, Maria Clara Christ Church, Sta. Cruz, Manila.
: '''Term of Office:''' September 1946 – October 1971.
*[[Supreme_Bishop#V._Mac.C3.A1rio_Ga_y_Vilches_D.D.:|The Most Rev Macario Ga y Vilches]]
: '''Elected Obispo Máximo:''' November 1971.
: '''Term of Office:''' 1971-1981.
*[[Supreme_Bishop#VI._Abdias_dela_Cruz_y_Rebant.C3.A1d_D.D.:|The Most Rev Abdias dela Cruz y Rebantad]]
: '''Elected Obispo Máximo:''' May 1981, National Cathedral, Manila.
: '''Term of Office:''' 1981-1987.
*[[Supreme_Bishop#VII._Solim.C3.A1n_Ganno_y_Flor.C3.A9s:|The Most Rev Soliman Ganno y Flores]]
: '''Elected Obispo Máximo:''' May 1987, Bacoor, Cavite.
: '''Term of Office:''' 1987-1989.
*[[Supreme_Bishop#VIII._Tito_Pasco_y_Esqu.C3.ADllo:|The Most Rev Tito Pasco y Esquillo]]
: '''Elected Obispo Máximo:''' June 1989, National Cathedral, Manila.
: '''Term of Office:''' 1989-1993.
*[[Supreme_Bishop#IX._Alb.C3.A9rto_Ram.C3.A9nto_y_Baldov.C3.ADno_D.D.:|The Most Rev Alberto Ramento y Baldovino, Martyr]]
: '''Elected Obispo Máximo:''' May 1993, Trinity College, Quezon City.
: '''Term of Office:''' 1993-1999.
*[[Supreme_Bishop#X._Tom.C3.A1s_Millam.C3.A9na_y_Amabran_D.D.|The Most Rev Tomas Millamena y Amabran]]
: '''Elected Obispo Máximo:''' May 1999, YMCA Hotel, Manila.
:'''Term of Office: ''' 1999-2005.
*[[Supreme_Bishop#XI._Godofr.C3.A9do_Dav.C3.ADd_y_Ju.C3.ADco_D.D.:|The Most Rev Godofredo Davíd y Juíco]]
: '''Elected Obispo Máximo:''' May 2005, Manila.
: '''Term of Office:''' 2005-2011.
*[[Supreme_Bishop#XII._Ephraim_Fajutagana_y_Servanez_D.D.|The Most Rev Ephraím Fajutagana y Servanez]]
: '''Elected Obispo Máximo:''' May 10, 2011, Bayview Park Hotel, Manila.
: '''Term of Office:''' 2011–present.
{{multicol-end}}
==Saints==
In September 1903, [[José Rizal]] was canonized by Aglipay due to the nature of his execution, however his sainthood was retracted in the 1950's.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.thepoc.net/thepoc-features/buhay-pinoy/buhay-pinoy-features/12658-sainthood-for-jose-rizal-.html|title = 'Saint' Jose Rizal|date = Thursday, 30 June 2011 at 07:00|author = Dennis Villegas|publisher = Philippine Online Chronicles}}</ref>
==Dioceses==
The Philippine Independent Church is currently the second-largest Christian denomination in the Philippines after the [[Roman Catholicism in the Philippines|Roman Catholic Church]]. Most members of the Church are from the northern part [[Luzon]], especially in the [[Ilocos Region]] where ''Obispo Máximo'' Aglipay was born. The Church has 40 dioceses, including the Diocese of the Eastern and Western United States and Canada. However, due to a lack of priests, many parishes in the United States must depend on lay leaders.
===Under the ''Obispo Máximo''===
[[File:Maragondon, Cavite..jpg|thumb|right|250px|Parokya ng Birhen ng Asuncion in [[Maragondon, Cavite]].This Parish was one of the oldest beginnings in the town of Maragondon.]]
{{multicol}}
*[[Bataan]] and [[Bulacan]]
:Cathedral of the Conception of Mary,
:F. Estrella St., Sto. Rosario, 3000 Malolos City.
*[[Nueva Vizcaya]] and [[Quirino]]
:''No Source Available''
*[[Palawan]]
:Parish of Sts. Peter and Paul,
:Puerto Princesa City, Palawan.
*[[Pangasinan|Eastern Pangasinan]]
:''No Source Available''
{{multicol-end}}
===Under diocesan bishops===
====North Central Luzon Conference (NCLC)====
Chairperson: The Rt. Rev. Ernesto M. Tamayo
{{multicol}}
*[[Batac]]
:The Rt. Rev. Rosario S. Acoba
:Aglipay National Shrine
:[[Batac City]]
*[[Pangasinan|Western Pangasinan]]
:The Rt. Rev. Hermogenes M. Ranche
:Cathedral of St. John
:Barangay II, [[Dagupan City]]
*[[Isabela (province)|Isabela]]
:The Rt. Rev. Joshua U. Cuarteros
:Cathedral of St. James the Greater
:Duvinan East, [[Santiago City, Philippines|Santiago City]]
*[[Laoag]]
:The Rt. Rev. Emiliano Domingo
:Cathedral of St. William the Hermit
:[[Laoag City]]
*[[La Union]], [[Ilocos Sur]], and [[Abra (province)|Abra]] (LUISA)
:Rt. Rev. Vermilion C. Tagalog
:Cathedral of St. Stephen the Proto-Martyr
:[[San Esteban, Ilocos Sur]]
{{multicol-break}}
*[[Nueva Ecija]]
:Rt. Rev. Warlito Baldomero
:Pro-Cathedral of St. Jerome
:Baloc, [[Sto. Domingo, Nueva Ecija]]
*[[Tarlac]]
:Rt. Rev. Emmanuel Sampayan
:Cathedral of St. Sebastian
:[[Tarlac City]]
*[[Tuguegarao]]
:Rt. Rev. Ernesto M. Tamayo
:Cathedral of St. Hyacinth
:[[Tuguegarao City]]
*[[Zambales]]
:Rt. Rev. Generoso A. Rosales
:Cathedral of [[Saint Roch]]e
:[[San Felipe, Zambales]]
{{multicol-end}}
====South Central Luzon Conference (SCLC)====
Chairperson: Rt. Rev. Ronelio V. Fabriquier
{{multicol}}
*[[Cavite]]
:Rt. Rev. Pedro C. Ojascastro
:Cathedral of St. Michael the Archangel
:H. Rubio St., Digman, [[Bacoor, Cavite]]
*[[Laguna (province)|Laguna]]
:
:Pro-Cathedral of Our Lady of Guadalupe
:J.P. Rizal St., [[Pagsanjan, Laguna]]
*[[Metro Manila|Greater Manila]]
:Rt. Rev. Gregorio R. delos Reyes
:Cathedral of the Holy Child
:1175 Industria-Central Sts., [[Pandacan, Manila]]
*[[Marinduque]], [[Quezon]], [[Batangas]], and [[Camarines]] (MaQueBaCa)
:Rt. Rev. Ruel Arevalo
:Cathedral of St. Joseph the Worker
:Poblacion, [[Gasan, Marinduque]]
{{multicol-break}}
*[[Masbate]]
:Rt. Rev. Alger Loyao
:Pro-Cathedral of Our Lady of Remedies
:[[Placer, Masbate]]
*[[Rizal]] and [[Pampanga]]
:Most Rev. Godofredo J. David, D.D.
:Cathedral of the Sto. Niño
:241 Aglipay St., Poblacion, [[Mandaluyong City]]
*[[Romblon]] and [[Mindoro]]s
:Rt. Rev. Ronelio V. Fabriquier
:Cathedral of St. Vincent Ferrer
:J.P Rizal St., Poblacion, [[Odiongan, Romblon]]
{{multicol-end}}
====Visayas Conference====
Chairperson: Rt. Rev. Felomino Ang
{{multicol}}
*[[Antique Province|Antique]]
:Rt. Rev. Leon T. Estrella
:Cathedral of St. Jude Thaddeus
:Veñegas St., [[Sibalom, Antique]]
*[[Aklan]] and [[Capiz]]
:Most Rev. Abdias R. dela Cruz, D.D.
:Cathedral of Our Lady of Providience and Guide
:Albasan, [[Numancia, Aklan]]
*[[Biliran]], [[Leyte]], and [[Samar]] (BilLeSa)
:Rt. Rev. Dr. Vic Esclamado, D.D.
:Cathedral of St. James the Greater
:Sta. Sofia St., [[Padre Burgos, Southern Leyte]]
*[[Cebu]] and [[Bohol]]
:Rt. Rev. Dr. Vic Esclamado, D.D.
:Cathedral of the Holy Child
:Mabini St., [[Cebu City]]
{{multicol-break}}
*[[Guimaras]]
:Rt. Rev. Tito Vilches
:Cathedral of Our Lady of Salvation
:Salavacion, [[Buenavista, Guimaras]]
*[[Iloilo]]
:Most Rev. Tomas A. Millamena, D.D.
:Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage
:La Paz, [[Iloilo City]]
*[[Negros Occidental]]
:Rt. Rev. Felomino Ang
:Cathedral of St. John the Baptist
:[[Bago City]], [[Negros Occidental]]
*[[Negros Oriental]] and [[Siquijor]]
:Rt. Rev. David M. Ga
:Pro-Cathedral of St. Andrew the Apostle
:Aldecoa Ave. Daro, [[Dumaguete City]]
{{multicol-end}}
====Mindanao Conference====
Chairperson: Rt. Rev. Felixberto L. Calang
{{multicol}}
*[[Agusan del Sur|Agusans]] and [[Surigao del Sur]]
:Rt. Rev. Denny D. Dapitan
:Cathedral of Our Lady of Presentacion
:[[Cabadbaran]], [[Agusan del Norte]]
*[[Dinagat]]
:Rt. Rev. Rhee M. Timbang ''(OIC)''
:Cathedral Church of St. Mary
:[[Dinagat, Dinagat Islands]]
*[[Koronadal]]
:Rt. Rev. Delfin Callao, Jr. ''(OIC)''
:Cathedral of the Holy Family
:Osmeña-Paredes Sts., [[Koronadal City]]
*[[Libertad, Misamis Oriental|Libertad]]
:Rt. Rev. Rudy Juliada
:Cathedral of St. Matthew
:Poblacion, [[Libertad, Misamis Oriental]]
*[[Misamis Oriental]], [[Bukidnon]], and [[Camiguin]] (MOBuCa)
:Rt. Rev. Felixberto L. Calang
:Metropolitan Cathedral of Jesus the Nazarene
:Pabayo-Pacana Sts., [[Cagayan de Oro City]]
{{multicol-break}}
*[[Oroquieta]]
:Rt. Rev. Noel B. Lorente
:Cathedral of St. Mary
:Poblacion 1, [[Oroquieta City]]
*[[Ozamis]]
:Rt. Rev. Pablito Jarantilla ''(on leave)''
:Cathedral of the Conception of Mary
:J. Luna St., [[Ozamis City]]
*[[Pagadian]]
:Rt. Rev. Antonio N. Ablon
:Cathedral of the Sto. Niño
:[[Pagadian City]]
*[[Southern Mindanao]]
:Rt. Rev. Delfin Callao, Jr.
:Cathedral of the Risen Lord
:F. Torres-Tuvera Sts., [[Davao City]]
*[[Surigao]]
:Rt. Rev. Rhee M. Timbang
:Cathedral of the Transfiguration
:Km. 2, National Road, [[Surigao City]]
{{multicol-end}}
====Dioceses Abroad====
*[[Eastern United States]] and [[Eastern Canada|Canada]]
:Rt. Rev. Robert D. Ilay
:Cathedral of Jesus of Nazareth
:14322 North Blvd., [[Tampa, Florida|Tampa]], [[Florida]], [[United States|United States of America]]
*[[Western United States]] and [[Western Canada|Canada]]
:Rt. Rev. Raul C. Tobias
:Cathedral of the Holy Child
:6301 W. Olympic Blvd., [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], [[United States|United States of America]]
====Congregations abroad====
*[[Great Britain]] and [[Ireland]] ''(with the Anglican [[Diocese of London]] Filipino Chaplaincy)''
:Rev. Salvador Telen
:[[St John's Notting Hill|St. John’s Church Notting Hill]]
:Lansdowne Crescent, [[London]] W11 2NN, [[England]], [[United Kingdom]]
*[[Hong Kong]]
:Rev. Dwight Q. dela Torre
:[[St. John's Cathedral, Hong Kong|St. John's Cathedral]]
: 4 Garden Rd., [[Central, Hong Kong]]
* [[United Arab Emirates]] ''(community)''
:Rev. Glenn D. Edralin
:[[Abu Dhabi]], [[United Arab Emirates]]
==Seminaries==
*'''Aglipay Central Theological Seminary (ACTS)''',
:Urdaneta City, [[Pangasinan]].
:Aglipay Central Theological Seminary, is the regional seminary of the church dedicated to serve the North-Central and South-Central [[Luzon]] Dioceses.
:ACTS offers a Bachelor of Theology Program for those who aspire to enter the ordained ministry in the Church. It is a four-year study program with a curriculum focused on biblical, theological, historical and pastoral studies with reference to parish management and development and wider cultural and social context.
*'''St. Paul's Theological Seminary (SPTS)''',
:Bugnay, Jordan, [[Guimaras]].
:St. Paul's Theological Seminary,is the regional seminary of the church dedicated to serve the [[Visayas]] and [[Mindanao]] Dioceses.
:Saint Paul’s Theological Seminary (SPTS) is a theological institution dedicated to serve the theological training needs of the Church for ordained and lay ministry.
*'''Saint Andrew’s Theological Seminary (SATS)''',
:275 E. Rodriguez Ext. Blvd., 1102 [[Quezon City]].
:St. Andrew’s Theological Seminary (SATS) is an [[ecumenical]] center of theological education, training and formation serving both the [[Episcopal Church in the Philippines]] and the Iglesia Filipina Independiente.
==Churches in full communion==
[[File:O.m. isabelo delos reyes jr..jpg|right|thumb|[[Supreme Bishop]] [[Isabelo de los Reyes Jr]]. with Anglican Bishops at the National Cathedral.]]
===Old Catholics===
*[[Old Catholic Church]] (Union of Utrecht)
===Reformed Churches===
*Marthoma Malankara Syrian Church of Malabar
===Anglican Communion===
By virtue of its concordat relations with the Anglican Churches, the Philippine Independent Church is given the privilege to send delegates to the Council of Churches of East Asia (CCEA) as organised by the Anglican Provinces in East Asia in 1962. Since 1964, IFI Bishops have also been regular participants of the [[Lambeth Conference]].
{{multicol}}
*[[Episcopal Church in the Philippines]]
*[[Church of England]]
*[[Episcopal Church in the United States of America]]
*[[Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia]]
*[[Anglican Church of Australia]]
*[[Anglican Church of Canada]]
*[[Anglican Church of Southern Africa]]
*[[Anglican Episcopal Church of Brazil]]
*Church of India, Pakistan, Burma and Ceylon
*[[Church of Ireland]]
*[[Church in Wales]]
{{multicol-break}}
*[[Church of Melanesia]]
*Church of the Province of East Africa
*[[Church of the Province of Central Africa]]
*[[Church of the Province of West Africa]]
*[[Church of the Province of West Indies]]
*[[Church of South India]]
*Church of Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi
*[[Lusitanian Catholic Apostolic Evangelical Church]]
*[[Nippon Sei Ko Kai]]
*[[Scottish Episcopal Church]]
*[[Spanish Reformed Episcopal Church]]
{{multicol-end}}
===Other concordat churches===
*[[Church of Sweden]]
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Anglican Churches}}
{{Christianity in the Philippines}}
{{Religion in the Philippines}}
[[Category:Christianity in the Philippines]]
[[Category:Christian denominations founded in the Philippines]]
[[Category:Anglican Communion church bodies]]
[[Category:Religious organizations established in 1902]]
[[Category:Christian denominations in Asia]]
[[bcl:Iglesia Filipina Independiente]]
[[cbk-zam:Iglesia Filipina Independente]]
[[de:Unabhängige Philippinische Kirche]]
[[es:Iglesia filipina independiente]]
[[fr:Église indépendante des Philippines]]
[[ia:Ecclesia Independente de Philippinas]]
[[it:Chiesa filippina indipendente]]
[[la:Iglesia Filipina Independente]]
[[no:Iglesia Filipina Independiente]]
[[pl:Niezależny Kościół Filipiński]]
[[ru:Независимая Филиппинская церковь (аглипаянцы)]]
[[sv:Oberoende filippinska kyrkan]]
[[tl:Iglesia Filipina Independiente]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext ) | '{{Infobox Anglican Church
|show_name =''Iglesia Filipina Independiente''
|image = [[File:Logo ifi white.jpg]]
|caption = ''Logo of the Iglesia Filipina Independiente: Scripture, Charity, Knowledge, Liberty''
|primate = The Most Reverend Ephraim Fajutagana y Servanez, ''Obispo Máximo XII''
|headquarters = National Cathedral of the Holy Child, 1500 [[Taft Avenue]], [[Ermita, Manila|Ermita]], [[Manila]], [[Philippines]]
|population = 6,000,000 (estimate)
|territory = [[Philippines]], [[North America]], [[Europe]], [[Middle East]], and [[Northeast Asia]]
|website = {{URL|www.ifi.ph}}
}}
The '''Philippine Independent Church''' (officially {{lang-es|Iglesia Filipina Independiente}}, '''''IFI''''', [[Ilocano language|Ilocano]]: '''''Siwawayawaya nga Simbaan ti Filipinas''''', {{lang-tl|'''Malayang Simbahan ng Pilipinas'''}}, [[Kinaray-a language|Kinaray-a]]: '''''Simbahan Hilway nga Pilipinhon'''''; also known as the '''Philippine Independent Catholic Church''') is a [[Christian]] denomination of the [[Catholic]] tradition in the form of a [[national church]] in the [[Philippines]]. Its separation from the [[Roman Catholic Church]] was proclaimed by members of the first labour unions federation in the country, the '''[[Union Obrera Democratica Filipina]]''', in 1902. [[Isabelo de los Reyes]] was one of the initiators of the separation, and suggested that [[Gregorio Aglipay]]<ref>Achutegui, Pedro S. de & Bernad, Miguel A. (1971) "The Religious Coup d'Etat 1898–1901: a documentary history", in ''Religious Revolution in the Philippines'', Volume III. Manila: University Press (cited in Larkin, John A. "Review 74-- No Title", ''The Journal of Asian Studies'', Nov 1972; 32,1. at Proquest (subscription)</ref><ref>[http://www.ifi.ph/history History]</ref> be the head of the church. It is also known as the '''Aglipayan Church''' after its first [[Supreme Bishop]], Gregorio Aglipay.
The Catholic Church acted severely against promoters of the national church, with the [[Pope]] instructing the [[Archbishop of Manila]] to excommunicate those who initiated the schism.<ref>"Pope Orders Sharp Action; Archbishop of [[Manila]] Instructed to Excommunicate Philippine National Church Promoters", ''New York Times'', New York, NY: Dec 29, 1902. p.7</ref> Since 1960 the church has been in [[full communion]] with the [[Episcopal Church in the United States of America]] (and through it with the entire [[Anglican Communion]]), and since 1965 with the [[Old Catholic]] [[Utrecht Union|Union of Utrecht]].
The current ''[[Obispo Maximo|Obispo Máximo]]'' is [[Supreme_Bishop#XII._Ephraim_Fajutagana_y_Servanez_D.D.|the Most Rev. Ephraim Fajutagana]], whose central office is in the National Cathedral of the Holy Child on [[Taft Avenue]], [[Ermita, Manila|Ermita]], [[Manila]].
==History==
===Colonial church===
[[File:Aguinaldo ang aglipay.jpg|thumb|right|Pres. [[Emilio Aguinaldo]] and [[Obispo Maximo]] [[Gregorio Aglipay]], with some Cabinet Official of the 1st Phil. Republic, Dec. 1904.]]
Although many Spanish friars protested abuses by the Spanish government and military, others committed abuses. Some blocked the ascent of native clergy in the Catholic hierarchy, and claimed vast estates from landless farmers. Cases of sexual abuse of women were widely known, and priests were known to sire illegitimate children. ''Anák ni Padre Dámaso'' (child of [[Father Dámaso]]), alluding to a character in one of [[José Rizal]]'s novels, became a cliché or stereotype to refer to an illegitimate child, especially that of a priest. The executions of priests [[Mariano Gómez]], [[José Burgos]], and [[Jacinto Zamora]] (collectively known as the [[Gomburza]]) at the hands of Spanish authorities is said to have had a deep effect on [[Rizal]] and subsequently the 1896 [[Philippine Revolution]].
===Gregorio Aglipay===
[[File:Gregorio Aglipay.jpg|thumb|right|240px|[[Gregorio Aglipay]] in his youth before excommunication]]
'''[[Gregorio Aglipay]]''' was an activist Roman Catholic [[priest]] from [[Ilocos Norte]] who was excommunicated by the [[Holy See|Vatican]] for inciting rebellion within the Filipino clergy, despite his defence of some Spanish Catholic clergy from liberal-nationalist Filipino revolutionaries. During the brief interlude between independence from the Spanish and occupation by the [[United States]], [[Isabelo de los Reyes]] (also known as Don Belong) and Aglipay acted to reform the Filipino Catholic clergy. They founded the Philippine Independent Church in 1902. The new church rejected the spiritual authority of the [[Pope]] (then [[Pope Leo XIII]]) and abolished the [[celibacy]] requirement for priests, who were then allowed to marry. All of its clergy were former Catholic priests.
[[File:Bust of Gregorio Aglipay.jpg|thumb|left|170px| Bust of Gregorio Aglipay in the Parish of [[St. William]] in [[Laoag City]].]]
The church drew upon the Masonic Code for concepts of theology and worship. It was supported by [[Miguel Morayta]], the Grand Master of the Spanish Orient Lodge of [[Freemasonry]] in Madrid.<ref name=Schumacher>[http://books.google.com/books?id=aaLh8W6_84cC Schumacher, John N., ''Revolutionary Clergy: The Filipino Clergy and the Nationalist Movement, 1850-1903''], p. 224, Ateneo de Manila U Press, ISBN 971-550-121-4, ISBN 978-971-550-121-7</ref> Aglipay was also a Mason.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=ZvBjhJr9Ev0C Denslow, William R., ''10,000 Famous Freemasons, Part One''], p. 7 (Kessinger Publishing, 2004) ISBN 1-4179-7578-4, ISBN 978-1-4179-7578-5</ref> The historian John N. Schumacher contends that Morayta and other non-Filipino laymen who pushed Aglipay toward [[Schism (religion)|schism]] from the Catholic Church were motivated more by resentment of friars' activities in the Philippines than nationalism.<ref name=Schumacher />
Later the newly-independent Church reformed the [[Tridentine Mass|Latin Tridentine liturgy]], adopting the model of [[Book of Common Prayer|Anglican vernacular reform]]. The Eucharist has been said in [[Spanish language in the Philippines|Spanish]] (and sometimes [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]) since the earliest days of the Church.
Visiting other churches while traveling abroad, Aglipay developed his theology, coming to reject the divinity of Jesus and the concept of the [[Trinity]] and becoming theologically [[Unitarianism|Unitarian]]. Other Church officials refused to accept this revised theology. Aglipay's unitarian and progressive theological ideas were evident in his [[novenary]], ''Pagsisiyam sa Birhen sa Balintawak'', 1925<ref>Aglipay, Gregorio, [http://josephscalice.com/index.php/2008/04/02/pagsisiyam-sa-virgen-sa-balintawak/ Pagsisiyam sa Birhen sa Balintawak], 1925</ref> and its English translation, ''Novenary of the Motherland'' (1926).<ref>[http://josephscalice.com/index.php/2008/04/03/novenary-of-the-motherland/ Aglipay, Gregorio, ''Novenary of the Motherland''], 1926</ref>
===Revolution===
At the end of the 19th century, [[Filipino nationalism]] emerged, preceding the struggles of other colonies in [[Asia]], such as [[India]] and [[French Indochina]]. Spain's last remaining [[Spanish colonization of the Americas|colonies in the Americas]], [[Cuba]] and [[Puerto Rico]], were fighting for secession at the same time. After the execution of prominent native-born clergy such as the Gomburza at the hands of the Spanish royal authorities, Church reforms became a facet of the Philippine independence movement.
===Factionalism===
Winning large numbers of adherents in its early years because of its nationalist roots, Aglipayan numbers decreased due to factionalism and doctrinal disagreements. Some factions, tending towards more radical cryptoprotestant reforms, formally joined other denominations including the [[Episcopal Church in the Philippines|Episcopal Church]] and the American [[Unitarianism|Unitarians]]. The definitive growth limiting factor was the decision of the American government, after the Spanish-American War, to award the seized Catholic church buildings of the nascent Philippine Independent Church — the majority of which had become Aglipayan during the revolutionary period — to the Roman Catholic Church.
===Current state===
Today, the Philippine Independent Church is affiliated with the [[Old Catholic]]s and the [[Anglican Communion]]. Aglipayans number around 6 million members. They constitute about 2.6% of the total population of the Philippines, while 80.2% of the population are members of the [[Catholic Church]].
Iglesia Filipina Independiente (Philippine Independent Church), an independent church, has [[Concordat]] relationships with the Anglican provinces and the Old Catholic Church. Its members are currently spread throughout the Philippines, the United States, Canada, Europe and Asia. The spiritual head is called [[Obispo Maximo]] (Supreme Bishop). His Eminence Ephraim S. Fajutagana is the incumbent and the 12th Obispo Máximo.
Most of the members of the church, like the founders Aglipay and De Los Reyes, are activists, often involved in progressive groups as they advocate for nationalism, anti-imperialism, democracy, as well as opposing extrajudicial killings. They have been victims of forced disappearances and been branded as leftist by the government for being aligned with progressive groups, specifically after ''Obispo Máximo IX'' Alberto Ramento was killed for being an anti-government critic.
In 2002, Aglipayan bishops registered their objection to the presence of US Special Forces troops in the country.<ref>"Clerics object to US troops." BusinessWorld. Manila: Feb 14, 2002. pg. 1</ref> Today, the Philippine Independent Church is the second-largest Christian denomination in the country after the Roman Catholic Church. Most of the members of the Church are from the northern part of [[Luzon]], especially in the [[Ilocos Region]].
==Councils and sectoral organizations==
*'''Supreme Council of Bishops (SCB)''' - consists of all serving and retired bishops, defines the doctrines of the Church, adopts and prescribes official liturgical rites, and gives pastoral and moral guidance to the faithful.
** '''''North Central Luzon Bishops Conference'''''.
** '''''South Central Luzon Bishops Conference'''''.
** '''''Visayas Bishops Conference'''''.
** '''''Mindanao Bishops Conference'''''.
:The Council shall be vested with the following powers and shall perform the following functions:
:- To adopt any amendment or amendments to the Constitution, Canons, and Articles of Religion for ratification by the General Assembly.
:- To define the doctrines of the Church.
:- To adopt and prescribe official liturgical rites.
:- To act on cases instituted against bishops, provided, however, that such action shall be final and executory unless within thirty days after the receipt of the decision an appeal is directed to the Supreme Bishop for final adjudication within three months from receipt of the appeal.
:- To perform such other functions as provided for in the Constitution and Canons of the Church.
:- To report to the General Assembly in its immediately subsequent session any action it taken on ecclesiastical matters and administrative cases.
*'''The Council of Priests (COP)''' - composed of all priest-delegates to the General Assembly. It elects a Chairperson, a Vice Chairperson and a Secretary for an office of three years. The Council of Priests promotes the welfare of priests and represents their concerns to the General Assembly.
** '''''National Priest Organization'''''.
:The duties of the Council are as follows:
:- To recommend to the General Assembly through the Executive Commission, amendment or amendments to the Constitution and policies for the conduct of the government of the Church.
:- To perform such other functions as provided for in the Canons of the Church.
:- To report to the General Assembly in its immediately subsequent session any action and activities in has taken.
:- To cooperate with the Supreme Council of Bishops, the National Lay Council, and other commissions in promoting the interests and welfare of the Church.
:- To discharge such functions as may be assigned to it by the General Assembly and the Executive Commission.
*'''National Lay Council''' - composed of the men, women and youth delegates of every diocese represented in the General Assembly. It works to promote and enhance the participation of the laity in the governance and general affairs of the Church.
** '''''Women of the Philippine Independent Church (WOPIC)'''''
** '''''Youth of the Iglesia Filipina Independiente (YIFI)'''''
** '''''Laymen of the Iglesia Filipina Independiente (LIFI)'''''
:The duties of the National Lay Council are as follows:
:- To recommend to the General Assembly, through the Executive Commission, amendment or amendments to the Constitution and policies for the conduct of the government of the Church.
:- To assist the Commission on Business and Finance in the raising of funds for the Church.
:- To adopt such measures as will enhance the participation of the laity in Church affairs.
:- To cooperate with the Supreme Council of Bishops, Council of Priests, and other bodies in promoting the interests and welfare of the Church.
:- To coordinate and/or supervise the work of the Organizations under it.
:- To discharge such functions as may be assigned.
==Declaration of Faith==
{{Christianity}}
{{Roman Rite of Mass}}
'''INTRODUCTION'''
The Declaration of Faith is the public confession of the faith that is professed by the Iglesia Filipina Independiente. It declares belief in the Triune God and the Catholic and Apostolic character of the Church. The Declaration of Faith, with the Articles of Religion, was established by the Church in the 1947 General Assembly.
'''DECLARATION OF FAITH'''
'''The Holy Trinity'''
One God, true and living, of infinite power, wisdom and goodness; the Maker and Preserver of all things visible and invisible. And that in the unity of this Godhead there be three Persons, of one substance, power and eternity: the Father who is made of none, neither created nor begotten; the Son who is of the Father alone, not made nor created, but begotten, the Holy Ghost who is of the Father and the Son, neither made, nor created, nor begotten, but proceeding.
'''Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God'''
Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God, the second Person of the Trinity, very and eternal God, of one substance with the Father, took man’s nature in the womb of the Blessed Virgin, after she had conceived by the Holy Ghost. He suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died and was buried. Word-(Sheol) means pit, back to the ground, which the Jewish people understood when you died you would go to the ground or Sheol and wait till judgment day. when the King James Bible was translated they used the word hell or Hades which is wrong. The third day he rose again from the dead, He ascended into Heaven, and sitteth at the right hand of God the Father Almighty; from thence He shall come to judge both the living and the dead.
'''The Holy Spirit'''
The Holy Spirit, the Lord and Giver of life, Who proceedeth from the Father and the Son: Who with the Father and the Son together we worship and glorify.
'''One Catholic and Apostolic Church'''
The Church, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic, which is the Body of Christ, founded by Christ for the redemption and sanctification of mankind, and to which Church He gave power and authority to preach His Gospel to the whole world under the guidance of His Holy Spirit.
==Articles of Religion==
''Introduction''
The Articles of Religion are doctrinal statements that define the standards of doctrine of the Iglesia Filipina Independiente. It contains the basic summary of the doctrinal teachings subscribed to by the clergy and laity of the Church.
''Articles of Religion''
''We hold to the following articles of religion taught by this Church:''
''Salvation:''
Salvation is obtained only through a vital faith in Jesus Christ, the Son of God, as Lord and Saviour. This faith should manifest itself in good works.
''Holy Scriptures'':The Holy Scriptures contain all things necessary to salvation, and nothing which cannot be proved thereby should be required to be believed.
''The Creeds'':The Articles of the Christian Faith as contained in the ancient Creeds known as the Apostles’ and Nicene Creeds are to be taught by this Church and accepted by the faithful.
''The Sacraments'':
The Sacraments are outward and visible signs of our faith and a means whereby God manifests His goodwill towards us and confers grace upon us.
Two Sacraments, Baptism and Holy Communion, commonly called the Mass, ordained by Christ Himself, are held to be generally necessary to salvation.
''Baptism'' is necessary for salvation. It signifies and confers grace, cleansing from original sin as well as actual sin previously committed; makes us children of God and heirs of everlasting life. It effects our entrance into the Church of God. It is administered with water in the Name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost.
''Confirmation'', whereby, through the imposition of the Bishop’s hands, anointing and prayer, baptized Christians are strengthened by the gifts of the Holy Spirit and confirmed in the Faith.
''Penance'', the confession of sins as commanded by Jesus Christ.
''The Holy Eucharist'', the sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ, taken and received by the faithful for the strengthening and refreshing of their bodies and souls.
''Holy Unction'', whereby the sick, especially one in danger of death, is anointed with oil with prayer. He receives, if necessary, remission of sins, the strengthening of his soul, and, if it be God’s will, restoration to health.
''Holy orders'', a Sacrament by which Bishops, Priests and Deacons are ordained and receive power and authority to perform their sacred duties.
''Holy Matrimony'', a sacrament in which a man and a woman are joined together in the holy estate of matrimony.
''The Holy Eucharist'':
The Holy Eucharist, commonly called the Mass, is the central act of Christian worship. It is the sacrament of our redemption by Christ’s death. Those who partake of it receive the Body and Blood of Christ. All who purpose to make their communion should diligently try and examine themselves before they presume to eat of that Bread and drink of that Cup. For as the benefit is great, if with a true penitent heart and lively faith a man receive that Holy Sacrament, so is the danger great if he receive the same unworthily.
The Mass is to be said in the official language of the Church in such a way it can be heard by the worshipers.
The authorized Order for the celebration of the Mass is that set forth in the Prayer Book adopted by this Church.
''Sacred Ministry'':
From Apostolic times there have been three Orders of Ministers in the Church of God: Bishops, Priests and Deacons. These orders are to be reverently esteemed and continued in this Church. And no man is to be accepted as a lawful Bishop, Priest, or Deacon in this Church, or permitted to execute any functions pertaining to these Orders, except he be called, tried, examined, and admitted thereunto according to the Canons of this Church, and in accordance with the Order prescribed by this Church for making, Ordaining and Consecrating Bishops, Priests and Deacons, or hath had Episcopal Consecration or Ordination.
''Celibacy of the Clergy'':
Bishops, Priests, and Deacons are not commanded by God’s law to marry to abstain from marriage, therefore they are permitted to marry at their own discretion, as they shall judge the same to serve better to godliness.
''Church Building'':
Churches for the worship of God are to be erected and separated from all unhallowed, worldly, and common uses, that men may reverence the Majesty of God and show forth greater devotion and humility in His service.
''The Altar'':
The altar is the most sacred part of the Church because there Jesus is sacramentally present. It symbolizes Mt. Calvary, and, therefore, if images of Saints are used for adornment, care is to be exercised that such ornaments may not distract the minds of the worshipers from the Person of Jesus Christ.
''Worship, Rites and Ceremonies'':
Only such Orders of Service as have been authorized by this Church shall be used in Public Worship; provided, however, that the Diocesan Bishop or Supreme Council of Bishops may authorize Orders of Service for special occasions.
''Language of Public Service'':
All public services shall be conducted in the official language of the Church, or in any other language the Supreme Council of Bishops may prescribe.
''Purity of Life'':
Holiness, altruism, obedience to God’s Commandments and a zeal for His honor and glory are incumbent upon Clergy and Laity alike, therefore all should be trained in a clean and disciplined life, not neglecting prayer, study, and the exercise of moral discipline.
''Knowledge'':
All truth is of God, therefore the Church should promote sound knowledge and good learning. No books except those detrimental to good morals are to be prohibited.
''The Blessed Virgin'':
The Virgin Mary was chosen by God to be the Mother of Jesus Christ. As Jesus Christ is truly God and Mary is the Mother of Jesus Christ, she is the Mother of God in His human generation. She whom God honored is to be honored above all.
''The Saints'':
Persons universally recognized for their holiness of life, loyalty and courage, especially the Blessed Virgin and the New Testament Saints, are to be held in reverent remembrance. Veneration of Saints is not contrary to God’s commandments as revealed in the Scriptures; but their deification is condemned by the Church as a monstrous blasphemy. Veneration of the Saints must not obscure the duty of the faithful to direct approach to God through Jesus Christ. Honor rendered the Saints must in no wise detract from the honor due the Three Persons of the Holy Trinity.
''Miracles'':
Holy Scriptures teach us that events take place in the natural world, but out of its established order, which are possible only through the intervention of divine power, like the Incarnation of Jesus Christ. So-called miracles, based not on well-authenticated facts but on merely fantastic rumors, are repudiated. Belief in unsubstantiated miracles leads to pagan fanaticism and is to be condemned as destructive to the true faith.
''Attitude Towards The Roman Catholic Church'':
When this Church withdrew from the Roman Catholic Church, it repudiated the authority of the Pope and such doctrines, customs and practices as were inconsistent with the Word of God, sound learning and a good conscience. It had no intention of departing from Catholic doctrine, practice and discipline as set forth by the Councils of the undivided Church. Such departures as occurred were due to the exigencies of the times, and are to be corrected by official action as opportunity affords, so that this Church may be brought into the stream of historic Christianity and be universally acknowledge as a true branch of the Catholic Church.
''Attitude Towards Other Churches'':
Opportunity is to be sought for closer cooperation with other branches of the Catholic Church, and cordial relations maintained with all who acknowledge Jesus Christ as Lord and Saviour.
''Church and State'':
This Church is politically independent of the State, and the State of the Church. The Church does not ally itself with any particular school of political thought or with any political party. Its members are politically free and are urged to be exemplary citizens and to use their influence for the prosperity and welfare of the State.
''Doctrine and Constitutional Rules of the Church and the Fundamental Epistles'':
The Doctrine and Constitutional Rules of the Philippine Independent Church, adopted on October 28, 1903, and subsequently amended, and the Fundamental Epistles of the Philippine Independent Church, are henceforth not to be held as binding either upon the Clergy or Laity of this Church in matters of Doctrine, Discipline or Order, wherein they differ in substance from the Declaration of Faith or the Articles of Religion contained herein. They are to be valued as historical documents promulgated by the Founders of this Church when they were seeking to interpret the Catholic Faith in a manner understood by the people. Under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit the Church has sought to eradicate such errors of judgment and doctrine as crept into its life and official documents in times past.
''Additions, Amendments, Repeal'':
The Declaration of Faith shall not be altered, amended or repealed. However, the Articles of Religion may be amended, repealed or added to by an absolute majority of the delegates to the General Assembly having the right to vote. Such action before it becomes binding upon the Church must be ratified by the Supreme Council of Bishops and approved by the Supreme Bishop.
==Notable Aglipayans/Filipinistas==
<gallery>
File:Isabelo de los Reyes, Sr..jpg|[[Isabelo de los Reyes|Isabelo de los Reyes, Sr]]. Founder and President of the ''[[Union Obrera Democratica|Unión Obrera Democratica Filipina]]'' (Philippine Democratic Labour Union) and co-founder of the IFI.
File:Aguinaldo of ifi.jpg|Gen. [[Emilio Aguinaldo]], the first [[President of the Philippines]]
File:Tandang Sora of ifi.jpg|[[Melchora Aquino]], "Mother of the Philippine Revolution"
File:Mabini of ifi.jpg|[[Apolinario Mabini]]
File:Felipe Buencamino.jpg|Felipe Buencamino, co-author of the [[Malolos Constitution]].
</gallery>
*[[Gregorio Aglipay|Most Rev. Gregorio Aglipay y Labayan, ''Obispo Máximo I'']] – first Supreme Bishop of the Filipino Church, Vicar General of the Revolutionary Government. Convener of the Filipino Ecclesiastical Council (Paniqui Assembly), in response to Mabini’s manifesto urging the Filipino clergies to organize a Filipino National Church. Member of the Malolos Congress, the lone member coming from the religious sector though he represented his province Ilocos Norte. Guerilla Leader of Ilocos Norte during the Filipino-American War with the rank of Lt. General.
*Don [[Isabelo de los Reyes]] – also known as '''''Don Belong''''', Reyes was a prominent Filipino politician, writer, translator of the first [[Filipino language|Filipino]] [[Bible]] and labour activist in the 19th and 20th centuries. The founder of the IFI, he is often called the "Father of Filipino Socialism" for his writings and activism with labour unions.
* [[Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo]] – First [[President of the Philippines]]. With his influence, inspiration and strong support and together with other Caviteño revolutionary generals and officers, the IFI gained a sweeping stronghold in the entire Cavite. His brother, Gen. Baldomero Aguinaldo was the president of Comite de Caballeros of the Filipino Church in Kawit; while his youngest sister Felicidád; his wife Hilaria del Rosario; and his mother Sra. Trinidád Famy were officers of the ''Comision de Damas'' (Women's Commission) of the Church.
* [[Apolinario Mabini]] – a Filipino political philosopher and revolutionary who wrote a constitutional plan for the [[First Republic of the Philippines|First Philippine Republic]], and served as its first Prime Minister in 1899. Often called "the Sublime Paralytic" and "the Brains of the Revolution, Mabini is the ''de facto'' first [[Prime Minister of the Philippines]].
* [[Melchora Aquino]] – was a Filipina revolutionary who became known as ''Tandang Sora'' because of her age when the 1896 [[Philippine Revolution]] broke out (she was already 84). She gained the titles "Grand Woman of the Revolution" and "Mother of Balintawak" for her contributions to the independence movement. She was among the Church's most prominent and devoted followers in [[Caloocan]].
* [[Baldomero Aguinaldo|Gen. Baldomero Aguinaldo]] – a revolutionary general and brother of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo; elected President of the ''Comite de Caballeros'' of the IFI in Kawit.
* [[Lope K. Santos]] – Nationalist and playwright from [[Pandacan, Manila]]. Introduced the now-obsolete ''[[Abakada alphabet|Abakada]]'' [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] [[spelling reform]] in 1940.
* [[Aurelio Tolentino]] – Prominent Pampango writer, dramatist, and one of the founders of Katipunan. The foremost advocate of the establishment of the Filipino Church in Pampanga.
* [[Vicente Sotto|Vicente Y. Sotto]] – dramatist, writer, joulnalist, foremost anti-friar,the fiery Publisher-Editor of Ang Suga and El Pueblo; and the prominent founder of the Filipino Church in Cebu. (He was the grandfather of Sen. Vicente "Tito" Sotto III and Actor Vic Sotto).
*[[Mariano Marcos]] – was a lawyer and a politician from [[Ilocos Norte]], Philippines. A Congressman from 1925 to 1931[1], He is best known for being the father of former president [[Ferdinand Marcos]].
*Felipe Buencamino Sr. – co-writer of the [[Malolos Constitution|Constitution of the Philippine Republic at Malolos]], Filipino composer. A co-founder of the IFI.
*Most Rev. Santiago Antonio Fonacier y Suguitan, ''Obispo Máximo II'' – second Supreme Bishop. A writer known for translating ''[[Noli Me Tangere (novel)|Noli Me Tangere]]'' and ''[[El filibusterismo|El Filibusterismo]]'' into [[Ilokano language|Ilocano]].
*The Most Rev Soliman Ganno y Flores, ''Obispo Máximo VII'' – eighth Supreme Bishop. Successfully solicited funds to build the Cathedral of the Holy Child and became its first Dean. Installed as ''Obispo Máximo'' in 1987, but died in office in 1989 of heart failure at the Cathedral altar.
*[[Alberto Ramento|The Most Rev. Alberto Ramento y Baldovino, ''Obispo Máximo IX'']] – ninth Supreme Bishop. Assassinated in 2007 for being a government critic and an active campaigner against [[Human rights in the Philippines|Human Rights violations in the Philippines]].
*Atty. José Garvida Flores – Patriot, prolific Ilokano writer and playwright from [[Bangui, Ilocos Norte]]. Composed "''Filipinas Nadayag a Filipinas''", which is sung during services of the IFI.
*[[Cesar Virata]] – the fourth Prime Minister of the Philippines from 1981 to 1986 under the Interim Batasang Pambansa and the Regular Batasang Pambansa. One of the Philippines' business leaders and leading technocrats, he served as Finance Minister from 1970 during the Marcos regime and also through election became Prime Minister in 1981. He concurrently was Finance Minister throughout the 80's. He is the grandnephew of the first Philippine President, Emilio Aguinaldo.
*[[Crispin Beltran|Rep. Crispin S. Beltran]] – the "Grand Old Man of Philippine Labour". was a Filipino politician and labour leader. A staunch critic of [[Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo]], his imprisonment in 2006 and 2007 on disputed charges of rebellion and sedition drew international attention. As a member of 13th Congress of the Philippines with the Anakpawis or the 'Toiling Masses Partylist' and former chair of Kilusang Mayo Uno (KMU) (a militant and progressive labour movement), he was a major figure in contemporary Filipino history. Died when he fell while repairing the roof of his house.
*[[Bayani Fernando]] – former chairman of the [[Metropolitan Manila Development Authority]].
*[[Calixto Zaldivar]] – former representative, Lone District of [[Antique]] (1934–1935), former Governor of Antique (1951–1955) and former Associate Justice of the [[Supreme Court of the Philippines|Supreme Court]] (1964–1974). Former president of the National Lay Organization of the IFI.
*Enrique A. Zaldivar – son of Justice Zaldivar. Former Governor of [[Antique Province|Antique]], and former Ambassador to Brunei.
*[[Salvacion Z. Perez]] – former Governor of [[Antique Province|Antique]], daughter of Justice Zaldivar.
*[[Gedeon G. Quijano]] – former Governor of [[Misamis Occidental]]. Son of IFI Bishop Juan P. Quijano.
*[[Ferdinand Marcos|President Ferdinand E. Marcos]] – tenth President of the Philippines. Born in the IFI, but converted to [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]].
*[[Marian Rivera]] – commercial model and actress, known for her roles in [[MariMar (Philippine TV series)|MariMar]]; [[Dyesebel]]; [[Darna]]; and [[Amaya (TV series)|Amaya]], the first historical epic drama in the Philippine Television. Also known as the Primetime Queen of [[GMA Network]].
*Emmeline Yan Aglipay – Representative, DIWA party-list
*Eduardo Firmalo – incumbent Governor of [[Romblon]]
*Deo Macalma – [[DZRH]] broadcaster, Mayor of [[Star City]].
*[[Cebuano literature|Gardeopatra G. Quijano]] – WOPIC President (1975–1977).
*[[Ladislao Bonus]] - was a composer, conductor, contrabass player, and teacher in [[Pandacan, Manila]]. Considered as "Father of the Filipino opera".
==List of Obispos Máximos==
[[File:IFI National Cathedral.JPG|thumb|right|370px|The National Cathedral of the Holy Child in [[Taft Avenue]], [[Ermita]], [[Manila]]. The Seat of the [[Obispo Maximo]].]]
{{multicol}}
*[[Supreme_Bishop#I._Greg.C3.B3rio_Agl.C3.ADpay_y_Lab.C3.A1yan_D.D.:|The Most Rev. (Lt. Gen.) Gregorio Aglipay y Labayan]]
:'''Proclaimed Obispo Máximo:''' August 3, 1902, Manila.
:'''Term of Office:''' 1902-1940 (Inaugural holder)
*[[Supreme_Bishop#II._Santi.C3.A1go_Ant.C3.B3nio_Fonacier_y_Sugu.C3.ADtan:|The Most Rev. Santiago Antonio Fonacier y Suguitan]]
:'''Elected Obispo Máximo:''' October 14, 1940, Tondo Cathedral, Manila.
:'''Term of Office:''' 1940-1946
*[[Supreme_Bishop#III._Ger.C3.A1rdo_Bayaca_y_Med.C3.ADna:|The Most Rev. Gerardo Bayaca y Medina]]
:'''Elected Obispo Máximo:''' January 22, 1946, Maria Clara Christ Church, Sta. Cruz, Manila.
:'''Term of Office:''' January – September, 1946.
*[[Supreme_Bishop#IV._Isab.C3.A9lo_de_los_R.C3.A9yes.2C_Jr._y_Lopez_Ph.D..2C_STD.2C_D.D.:|The Most Rev Isabelo de los Reyes, Jr. y Lopez]]
: '''Elected Obispo Máximo:''' September 1, 1946, Maria Clara Christ Church, Sta. Cruz, Manila.
: '''Term of Office:''' September 1946 – October 1971.
*[[Supreme_Bishop#V._Mac.C3.A1rio_Ga_y_Vilches_D.D.:|The Most Rev Macario Ga y Vilches]]
: '''Elected Obispo Máximo:''' November 1971.
: '''Term of Office:''' 1971-1981.
*[[Supreme_Bishop#VI._Abdias_dela_Cruz_y_Rebant.C3.A1d_D.D.:|The Most Rev Abdias dela Cruz y Rebantad]]
: '''Elected Obispo Máximo:''' May 1981, National Cathedral, Manila.
: '''Term of Office:''' 1981-1987.
*[[Supreme_Bishop#VII._Solim.C3.A1n_Ganno_y_Flor.C3.A9s:|The Most Rev Soliman Ganno y Flores]]
: '''Elected Obispo Máximo:''' May 1987, Bacoor, Cavite.
: '''Term of Office:''' 1987-1989.
*[[Supreme_Bishop#VIII._Tito_Pasco_y_Esqu.C3.ADllo:|The Most Rev Tito Pasco y Esquillo]]
: '''Elected Obispo Máximo:''' June 1989, National Cathedral, Manila.
: '''Term of Office:''' 1989-1993.
*[[Supreme_Bishop#IX._Alb.C3.A9rto_Ram.C3.A9nto_y_Baldov.C3.ADno_D.D.:|The Most Rev Alberto Ramento y Baldovino, Martyr]]
: '''Elected Obispo Máximo:''' May 1993, Trinity College, Quezon City.
: '''Term of Office:''' 1993-1999.
*[[Supreme_Bishop#X._Tom.C3.A1s_Millam.C3.A9na_y_Amabran_D.D.|The Most Rev Tomas Millamena y Amabran]]
: '''Elected Obispo Máximo:''' May 1999, YMCA Hotel, Manila.
:'''Term of Office: ''' 1999-2005.
*[[Supreme_Bishop#XI._Godofr.C3.A9do_Dav.C3.ADd_y_Ju.C3.ADco_D.D.:|The Most Rev Godofredo Davíd y Juíco]]
: '''Elected Obispo Máximo:''' May 2005, Manila.
: '''Term of Office:''' 2005-2011.
*[[Supreme_Bishop#XII._Ephraim_Fajutagana_y_Servanez_D.D.|The Most Rev Ephraím Fajutagana y Servanez]]
: '''Elected Obispo Máximo:''' May 10, 2011, Bayview Park Hotel, Manila.
: '''Term of Office:''' 2011–present.
{{multicol-end}}
==Saints==
In September 1903, [[José Rizal]] was canonized by Aglipay due to the nature of his execution, however his sainthood was retracted in the 1950's.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.thepoc.net/thepoc-features/buhay-pinoy/buhay-pinoy-features/12658-sainthood-for-jose-rizal-.html|title = 'Saint' Jose Rizal|date = Thursday, 30 June 2011 at 07:00|author = Dennis Villegas|publisher = Philippine Online Chronicles}}</ref>
==Dioceses==
The Philippine Independent Church is currently the second-largest Christian denomination in the Philippines after the [[Roman Catholicism in the Philippines|Roman Catholic Church]]. Most members of the Church are from the northern part [[Luzon]], especially in the [[Ilocos Region]] where ''Obispo Máximo'' Aglipay was born. The Church has 40 dioceses, including the Diocese of the Eastern and Western United States and Canada. However, due to a lack of priests, many parishes in the United States must depend on lay leaders.
===Under the ''Obispo Máximo''===
[[File:Maragondon, Cavite..jpg|thumb|right|250px|Parokya ng Birhen ng Asuncion in [[Maragondon, Cavite]].This Parish was one of the oldest beginnings in the town of Maragondon.]]
{{multicol}}
*[[Bataan]] and [[Bulacan]]
:Cathedral of the Conception of Mary,
:F. Estrella St., Sto. Rosario, 3000 Malolos City.
*[[Nueva Vizcaya]] and [[Quirino]]
:''No Source Available''
*[[Palawan]]
:Parish of Sts. Peter and Paul,
:Puerto Princesa City, Palawan.
*[[Pangasinan|Eastern Pangasinan]]
:''No Source Available''
{{multicol-end}}
===Under diocesan bishops===
====North Central Luzon Conference (NCLC)====
Chairperson: The Rt. Rev. Ernesto M. Tamayo
{{multicol}}
*[[Batac]]
:The Rt. Rev. Rosario S. Acoba
:Aglipay National Shrine
:[[Batac City]]
*[[Pangasinan|Western Pangasinan]]
:The Rt. Rev. Hermogenes M. Ranche
:Cathedral of St. John
:Barangay II, [[Dagupan City]]
*[[Isabela (province)|Isabela]]
:The Rt. Rev. Joshua U. Cuarteros
:Cathedral of St. James the Greater
:Duvinan East, [[Santiago City, Philippines|Santiago City]]
*[[Laoag]]
:The Rt. Rev. Emiliano Domingo
:Cathedral of St. William the Hermit
:[[Laoag City]]
*[[La Union]], [[Ilocos Sur]], and [[Abra (province)|Abra]] (LUISA)
:Rt. Rev. Vermilion C. Tagalog
:Cathedral of St. Stephen the Proto-Martyr
:[[San Esteban, Ilocos Sur]]
{{multicol-break}}
*[[Nueva Ecija]]
:Rt. Rev. Warlito Baldomero
:Pro-Cathedral of St. Jerome
:Baloc, [[Sto. Domingo, Nueva Ecija]]
*[[Tarlac]]
:Rt. Rev. Emmanuel Sampayan
:Cathedral of St. Sebastian
:[[Tarlac City]]
*[[Tuguegarao]]
:Rt. Rev. Ernesto M. Tamayo
:Cathedral of St. Hyacinth
:[[Tuguegarao City]]
*[[Zambales]]
:Rt. Rev. Generoso A. Rosales
:Cathedral of [[Saint Roch]]e
:[[San Felipe, Zambales]]
{{multicol-end}}
====South Central Luzon Conference (SCLC)====
Chairperson: Rt. Rev. Ronelio V. Fabriquier
{{multicol}}
*[[Cavite]]
:Rt. Rev. Pedro C. Ojascastro
:Cathedral of St. Michael the Archangel
:H. Rubio St., Digman, [[Bacoor, Cavite]]
*[[Laguna (province)|Laguna]]
:
:Pro-Cathedral of Our Lady of Guadalupe
:J.P. Rizal St., [[Pagsanjan, Laguna]]
*[[Metro Manila|Greater Manila]]
:Rt. Rev. Gregorio R. delos Reyes
:Cathedral of the Holy Child
:1175 Industria-Central Sts., [[Pandacan, Manila]]
*[[Marinduque]], [[Quezon]], [[Batangas]], and [[Camarines]] (MaQueBaCa)
:Rt. Rev. Ruel Arevalo
:Cathedral of St. Joseph the Worker
:Poblacion, [[Gasan, Marinduque]]
{{multicol-break}}
*[[Masbate]]
:Rt. Rev. Alger Loyao
:Pro-Cathedral of Our Lady of Remedies
:[[Placer, Masbate]]
*[[Rizal]] and [[Pampanga]]
:Most Rev. Godofredo J. David, D.D.
:Cathedral of the Sto. Niño
:241 Aglipay St., Poblacion, [[Mandaluyong City]]
*[[Romblon]] and [[Mindoro]]s
:Rt. Rev. Ronelio V. Fabriquier
:Cathedral of St. Vincent Ferrer
:J.P Rizal St., Poblacion, [[Odiongan, Romblon]]
{{multicol-end}}
====Visayas Conference====
Chairperson: Rt. Rev. Felomino Ang
{{multicol}}
*[[Antique Province|Antique]]
:Rt. Rev. Leon T. Estrella
:Cathedral of St. Jude Thaddeus
:Veñegas St., [[Sibalom, Antique]]
*[[Aklan]] and [[Capiz]]
:Most Rev. Abdias R. dela Cruz, D.D.
:Cathedral of Our Lady of Providience and Guide
:Albasan, [[Numancia, Aklan]]
*[[Biliran]], [[Leyte]], and [[Samar]] (BilLeSa)
:Rt. Rev. Dr. Vic Esclamado, D.D.
:Cathedral of St. James the Greater
:Sta. Sofia St., [[Padre Burgos, Southern Leyte]]
*[[Cebu]] and [[Bohol]]
:Rt. Rev. Dr. Vic Esclamado, D.D.
:Cathedral of the Holy Child
:Mabini St., [[Cebu City]]
{{multicol-break}}
*[[Guimaras]]
:Rt. Rev. Tito Vilches
:Cathedral of Our Lady of Salvation
:Salavacion, [[Buenavista, Guimaras]]
*[[Iloilo]]
:Most Rev. Tomas A. Millamena, D.D.
:Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage
:La Paz, [[Iloilo City]]
*[[Negros Occidental]]
:Rt. Rev. Felomino Ang
:Cathedral of St. John the Baptist
:[[Bago City]], [[Negros Occidental]]
*[[Negros Oriental]] and [[Siquijor]]
:Rt. Rev. David M. Ga
:Pro-Cathedral of St. Andrew the Apostle
:Aldecoa Ave. Daro, [[Dumaguete City]]
{{multicol-end}}
====Mindanao Conference====
Chairperson: Rt. Rev. Felixberto L. Calang
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*[[Agusan del Sur|Agusans]] and [[Surigao del Sur]]
:Rt. Rev. Denny D. Dapitan
:Cathedral of Our Lady of Presentacion
:[[Cabadbaran]], [[Agusan del Norte]]
*[[Dinagat]]
:Rt. Rev. Rhee M. Timbang ''(OIC)''
:Cathedral Church of St. Mary
:[[Dinagat, Dinagat Islands]]
*[[Koronadal]]
:Rt. Rev. Delfin Callao, Jr. ''(OIC)''
:Cathedral of the Holy Family
:Osmeña-Paredes Sts., [[Koronadal City]]
*[[Libertad, Misamis Oriental|Libertad]]
:Rt. Rev. Rudy Juliada
:Cathedral of St. Matthew
:Poblacion, [[Libertad, Misamis Oriental]]
*[[Misamis Oriental]], [[Bukidnon]], and [[Camiguin]] (MOBuCa)
:Rt. Rev. Felixberto L. Calang
:Metropolitan Cathedral of Jesus the Nazarene
:Pabayo-Pacana Sts., [[Cagayan de Oro City]]
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*[[Oroquieta]]
:Rt. Rev. Noel B. Lorente
:Cathedral of St. Mary
:Poblacion 1, [[Oroquieta City]]
*[[Ozamis]]
:Rt. Rev. Pablito Jarantilla ''(on leave)''
:Cathedral of the Conception of Mary
:J. Luna St., [[Ozamis City]]
*[[Pagadian]]
:Rt. Rev. Antonio N. Ablon
:Cathedral of the Sto. Niño
:[[Pagadian City]]
*[[Southern Mindanao]]
:Rt. Rev. Delfin Callao, Jr.
:Cathedral of the Risen Lord
:F. Torres-Tuvera Sts., [[Davao City]]
*[[Surigao]]
:Rt. Rev. Rhee M. Timbang
:Cathedral of the Transfiguration
:Km. 2, National Road, [[Surigao City]]
{{multicol-end}}
====Dioceses Abroad====
*[[Eastern United States]] and [[Eastern Canada|Canada]]
:Rt. Rev. Robert D. Ilay
:Cathedral of Jesus of Nazareth
:14322 North Blvd., [[Tampa, Florida|Tampa]], [[Florida]], [[United States|United States of America]]
*[[Western United States]] and [[Western Canada|Canada]]
:Rt. Rev. Raul C. Tobias
:Cathedral of the Holy Child
:6301 W. Olympic Blvd., [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], [[United States|United States of America]]
====Congregations abroad====
*[[Great Britain]] and [[Ireland]] ''(with the Anglican [[Diocese of London]] Filipino Chaplaincy)''
:Rev. Salvador Telen
:[[St John's Notting Hill|St. John’s Church Notting Hill]]
:Lansdowne Crescent, [[London]] W11 2NN, [[England]], [[United Kingdom]]
*[[Hong Kong]]
:Rev. Dwight Q. dela Torre
:[[St. John's Cathedral, Hong Kong|St. John's Cathedral]]
: 4 Garden Rd., [[Central, Hong Kong]]
* [[United Arab Emirates]] ''(community)''
:Rev. Glenn D. Edralin
:[[Abu Dhabi]], [[United Arab Emirates]]
==Seminaries==
*'''Aglipay Central Theological Seminary (ACTS)''',
:Urdaneta City, [[Pangasinan]].
:Aglipay Central Theological Seminary, is the regional seminary of the church dedicated to serve the North-Central and South-Central [[Luzon]] Dioceses.
:ACTS offers a Bachelor of Theology Program for those who aspire to enter the ordained ministry in the Church. It is a four-year study program with a curriculum focused on biblical, theological, historical and pastoral studies with reference to parish management and development and wider cultural and social context.
*'''St. Paul's Theological Seminary (SPTS)''',
:Bugnay, Jordan, [[Guimaras]].
:St. Paul's Theological Seminary,is the regional seminary of the church dedicated to serve the [[Visayas]] and [[Mindanao]] Dioceses.
:Saint Paul’s Theological Seminary (SPTS) is a theological institution dedicated to serve the theological training needs of the Church for ordained and lay ministry.
*'''Saint Andrew’s Theological Seminary (SATS)''',
:275 E. Rodriguez Ext. Blvd., 1102 [[Quezon City]].
:St. Andrew’s Theological Seminary (SATS) is an [[ecumenical]] center of theological education, training and formation serving both the [[Episcopal Church in the Philippines]] and the Iglesia Filipina Independiente.
==Churches in full communion==
===Old Catholics===
*[[Old Catholic Church]] (Union of Utrecht)
===Reformed Churches===
*Marthoma Malankara Syrian Church of Malabar
===Anglican Communion===
By virtue of its concordat relations with the Anglican Churches, the Philippine Independent Church is given the privilege to send delegates to the Council of Churches of East Asia (CCEA) as organised by the Anglican Provinces in East Asia in 1962. Since 1964, IFI Bishops have also been regular participants of the [[Lambeth Conference]].
{{multicol}}
*[[Episcopal Church in the Philippines]]
*[[Church of England]]
*[[Episcopal Church in the United States of America]]
*[[Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia]]
*[[Anglican Church of Australia]]
*[[Anglican Church of Canada]]
*[[Anglican Church of Southern Africa]]
*[[Anglican Episcopal Church of Brazil]]
*Church of India, Pakistan, Burma and Ceylon
*[[Church of Ireland]]
*[[Church in Wales]]
{{multicol-break}}
*[[Church of Melanesia]]
*Church of the Province of East Africa
*[[Church of the Province of Central Africa]]
*[[Church of the Province of West Africa]]
*[[Church of the Province of West Indies]]
*[[Church of South India]]
*Church of Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi
*[[Lusitanian Catholic Apostolic Evangelical Church]]
*[[Nippon Sei Ko Kai]]
*[[Scottish Episcopal Church]]
*[[Spanish Reformed Episcopal Church]]
{{multicol-end}}
===Other concordat churches===
*[[Church of Sweden]]
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Anglican Churches}}
{{Christianity in the Philippines}}
{{Religion in the Philippines}}
[[Category:Christianity in the Philippines]]
[[Category:Christian denominations founded in the Philippines]]
[[Category:Anglican Communion church bodies]]
[[Category:Religious organizations established in 1902]]
[[Category:Christian denominations in Asia]]
[[bcl:Iglesia Filipina Independiente]]
[[cbk-zam:Iglesia Filipina Independente]]
[[de:Unabhängige Philippinische Kirche]]
[[es:Iglesia filipina independiente]]
[[fr:Église indépendante des Philippines]]
[[ia:Ecclesia Independente de Philippinas]]
[[it:Chiesa filippina indipendente]]
[[la:Iglesia Filipina Independente]]
[[no:Iglesia Filipina Independiente]]
[[pl:Niezależny Kościół Filipiński]]
[[ru:Независимая Филиппинская церковь (аглипаянцы)]]
[[sv:Oberoende filippinska kyrkan]]
[[tl:Iglesia Filipina Independiente]]' |