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Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase D (EC 3.1.4.41, sphingomyelinase D) is an enzyme of the sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase family with systematic name sphingomyelin ceramide-phosphohydrolase. These enzymes catalyse the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin, resulting in the formation of ceramide 1-phosphate and choline:

sphingomyelin + H₂O ${\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }$ ceramide 1-phosphate + choline

or the hydrolysis of 2-lysophosphatidylcholine to give choline and 2-lysophosphatidate. Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase D activity is shared by enzymes with a wider substrate range, classified as phospholipases D or lipophosphodiesterase II EC 3.1.4.4. Sphingomyelinases D are produced by some spiders in their venoms, specifically the brown recluse (Loxosceles reclusa), by arthropods such as ticks, or pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Pathogenicity is expressed through different mechanisms, such as membrane destabilization, cell penetration, inflammation of the lungs and cutaneous lesions, common following brown recluse spider bites.

See also

• Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase

References

1. de Giuseppe PO, Ullah A, Silva DT, Gremski LH, Wille AC, Chaves Moreira D, Ribeiro AS, Chaim OM, Murakami MT, Veiga SS, Arni RK (June 2011). "Structure of a novel class II phospholipase D: catalytic cleft is modified by a disulphide bridge". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 409 (4): 622–7. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.05.053. hdl:11449/72498. PMID 21616057.
2. Carne HR, Onon EO (January 1978). "Action of Corynebacterium ovis exotoxin on endothelial cells of blood vessels". Nature. 271 (5642): 246–8. Bibcode:1978Natur.271..246C. doi:10.1038/271246a0. PMID 622164.
3. Soucek A, Michalec C, Soucková A (January 1971). "Identification and characterization of a new enzyme of the group "phospholipase D" isolated from Corynebacterium ovis". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Enzymology. 227 (1): 116–28. doi:10.1016/0005-2744(71)90173-2. PMID 5543581.
4. Murakami MT, Fernandes-Pedrosa MF, Tambourgi DV, Arni RK (April 2005). "Structural basis for metal ion coordination and the catalytic mechanism of sphingomyelinases D". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 280 (14): 13658–64. doi:10.1074/jbc.M412437200. PMID 15654080.
5. Vetter, Richard S. (2015). The Brown Recluse Spider (1st ed.). Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-8014-7985-4. Retrieved 1 January 2020.

External links

• Sphingomyelin+phosphodiesterase+D at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• http://www.arachnoserver.org/toxincard.html?id=138

• Biology

• EC 3.1.4