Truncated differential cryptanalysis

Form of cryptanalaysis

In cryptography, truncated differential cryptanalysis is a generalization of differential cryptanalysis, an attack against block ciphers. Lars Knudsen developed the technique in 1994. Whereas ordinary differential cryptanalysis analyzes the full difference between two texts, the truncated variant considers differences that are only partially determined. That is, the attack makes predictions of only some of the bits instead of the full block. This technique has been applied to SAFER, IDEA, Skipjack, E2, Twofish, Camellia, CRYPTON, and even the stream cipher Salsa20.

References

Lars Knudsen (1994). Truncated and Higher Order Differentials (PDF/PostScript). 2nd International Workshop on Fast Software Encryption (FSE 1994). Leuven: Springer-Verlag. pp. 196–211. Retrieved 14 February 2007.
Lars Knudsen, Thomas Berson (1996). Truncated Differentials of SAFER (PDF/PostScript). 3rd International Workshop on Fast Software Encryption (FSE 1996). Cambridge: Springer-Verlag. pp. 15–26. Retrieved 27 February 2007.
Johan Borst, Lars R. Knudsen, Vincent Rijmen (May 1997). Two Attacks on Reduced IDEA. Advances in Cryptology – EUROCRYPT '97. Konstanz: Springer-Verlag. pp. 1–13. Archived from the original (gzipped PostScript) on 15 August 2000. Retrieved 8 March 2007.{{cite conference}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Lars Knudsen, M.J.B. Robshaw, David Wagner (1999). Truncated Differentials and Skipjack. Advances in Cryptology – CRYPTO '99. Santa Barbara, California: Springer-Verlag. pp. 165–180. Archived from the original (PostScript) on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 27 February 2007.{{cite conference}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
M. Matsui, T. Tokita (1999). Cryptanalysis of a Reduced Version of the Block Cipher E2. 6th International Workshop on Fast Software Encryption (FSE 1999). Rome: Springer-Verlag. pp. 71–80. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-05-25. Retrieved 27 February 2007.
Shiho Moriai; Yiqun Lisa Yin (2000). "Cryptanalysis of Twofish (II)" (PDF). Retrieved 27 February 2007. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Crowley, Paul (2006). "Truncated differential cryptanalysis of five rounds of Salsa20". Retrieved 27 February 2007.

v t e Block ciphers (security summary)
Common algorithms	AES Blowfish DES (internal mechanics, Triple DES) Serpent SM4 Twofish
Less common algorithms	ARIA Camellia CAST-128 GOST IDEA LEA RC5 RC6 SEED Skipjack TEA XTEA
Other algorithms	3-Way Adiantum Akelarre Anubis Ascon BaseKing BassOmatic BATON BEAR and LION CAST-256 Chiasmus CIKS-1 CIPHERUNICORN-A CIPHERUNICORN-E CLEFIA CMEA Cobra COCONUT98 Crab Cryptomeria/C2 CRYPTON CS-Cipher DEAL DES-X DFC E2 FEAL FEA-M FROG G-DES Grand Cru Hasty Pudding cipher Hierocrypt ICE IDEA NXT Intel Cascade Cipher Iraqi Kalyna KASUMI KeeLoq KHAZAD Khufu and Khafre KN-Cipher Kuznyechik Ladder-DES LOKI (97, 89/91) Lucifer M6 M8 MacGuffin Madryga MAGENTA MARS Mercy MESH MISTY1 MMB MULTI2 MultiSwap New Data Seal NewDES Nimbus NOEKEON NUSH PRESENT Prince Q RC2 REDOC Red Pike S-1 SAFER SAVILLE SC2000 SHACAL SHARK Simon Speck Spectr-H64 Square SXAL/MBAL Threefish Treyfer UES xmx XXTEA Zodiac
Design	Feistel network Key schedule Lai–Massey scheme Product cipher S-box P-box SPN Confusion and diffusion Round Avalanche effect Block size Key size Key whitening (Whitening transformation)
Attack (cryptanalysis)	Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack Linear (Piling-up lemma) Differential Impossible Truncated Higher-order Differential-linear Distinguishing (Known-key) Integral/Square Boomerang Mod n Related-key Slide Rotational Side-channel Timing Power-monitoring Electromagnetic Acoustic Differential-fault XSL Interpolation Partitioning Rubber-hose Black-bag Davies Rebound Weak key Tau Chi-square Time/memory/data tradeoff
Standardization	AES process CRYPTREC NESSIE NSA Suite B CNSA
Utilization	Initialization vector Mode of operation Padding

v t e Cryptography
General	History of cryptography Outline of cryptography Classical cipher Cryptographic protocol Authentication protocol Cryptographic primitive Cryptanalysis Cryptocurrency Cryptosystem Cryptographic nonce Cryptovirology Hash function Cryptographic hash function Key derivation function Secure Hash Algorithms Digital signature Kleptography Key (cryptography) Key exchange Key generator Key schedule Key stretching Keygen Machines Cryptojacking malware Ransomware Random number generation Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG) Pseudorandom noise (PRN) Secure channel Insecure channel Subliminal channel Encryption Decryption End-to-end encryption Harvest now, decrypt later Information-theoretic security Plaintext Codetext Ciphertext Shared secret Trapdoor function Trusted timestamping Key-based routing Onion routing Garlic routing Kademlia Mix network
Mathematics	Cryptographic hash function Block cipher Stream cipher Symmetric-key algorithm Authenticated encryption Public-key cryptography Quantum key distribution Quantum cryptography Post-quantum cryptography Message authentication code Random numbers Steganography
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