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Xampylodon

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Extinct genus of cow shark

Xampylodon
Temporal range: Valanginian–Thanetian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Fossil of an anterolateral lower tooth, probably from Xampylodon loozi
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Chondrichthyes
Subclass: Elasmobranchii
Order: Hexanchiformes
Family: Hexanchidae
Genus: †Xampylodon
Cappetta, Morrison & Adnet, 2021
Species
  • X. dentatus
  • X. loozi
  • X. brotzeni
  • X. diastemacron

Xampylodon is an extinct genus of cow shark. Fossils assigned to this genus are known from the Late Cretaceous and early Paleocene. Xampylodon was recently erected after a revision on the taxonomy of hexanchid fossil teeth, and includes four species (X. dentatus, X. loozi,X. brotzeni, and X. diastemacron), most of them previously included in Notidanodon.

Morphology

Xampylodon is known exclusively from isolated teeth. These teeth have a unique morphology (especially the saw-like teeth from the lower jaw). Xampylodon teeth are characterized by having an acrocone (or main cusp) and cusplets bent distally, with a convex mesial cutting edge. The mesial cusplets are much smaller than the distal ones. The root is very deep, unlike the condition observed in Notidanodon. Xampylodon species differ from each other in aspects such as size, the number and shape of the mesial cusplets, the orientation of the acrocone, and the presence of a gap between cusplets.

Species

  • Xampylodon dentatus (Woodward 1886)
  • Xampylodon loozi (Vincent 1876)
  • Xampylodon brotzeni (Siverson 1995)
  • Xampylodon diastemacron Santos et al. 2024

References

  1. Cappetta, Henri; Morrison, Kurt; Adnet, Sylvain (2021-12-10). "A shark fauna from the Campanian of Hornby Island, British Columbia, Canada: an insight into the diversity of Cretaceous deep-water assemblages". Historical Biology. 33 (8): 1121–1182. Bibcode:2021HBio...33.1121C. doi:10.1080/08912963.2019.1681421. ISSN 0891-2963. S2CID 212878837.
  2. Santos, Rodolfo Otávio; Riff, Douglas; Amenábar, Cecilia R.; Ramos, Renato Rodriguez Cabral; Rodrigues, Igor Fernandes; Scheffler, Sandro Marcelo; Carvalho, Marcelo de Araújo (2022-11-14). "New records of hexanchiform sharks (Elasmobranchii: Neoselachii) from the Late Cretaceous of Antarctica with comments on previous reports and described taxa". New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics: 1–17. doi:10.1080/00288306.2022.2143382. ISSN 1175-8791.
  3. Cappetta, Henri; Grant-Mackie, Jack (2018-09-21). "Discovery of the most ancient Notidanodon tooth (Neoselachii: Hexanchiformes) in the Late Jurassic of New Zealand. New considerations on the systematics and range of the genus". Palaeovertebrata. 42 (1): e1. doi:10.18563/pv.42.1.e1. ISSN 0031-0247. S2CID 92722893.
  4. Santos, Rodolfo Otávio; Riff, Douglas; Ramos, Renato Rodriguez Cabral; Rodrigues, Igor Fernandes; Scheffler, Sandro Marcelo; Sucerquia, Paula Andrea; Carvalho, Marcelo de Araujo (2024-03-06). "A new species of cow shark (Hexanchiformes: Hexanchidae) from the Late Cretaceous of Seymour Island, Antarctica". Historical Biology: 1–12. doi:10.1080/08912963.2024.2316047. ISSN 0891-2963.
Taxon identifiers
Xampylodon


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