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Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Caucasus

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Various Y-DNA haplogroups have differing frequencies within each ethnolinguistic group in the Caucasus region.

Table

The table below lists the frequencies – identified by major studies – of various haplogroups amongst selected ethnic groups from the Caucasus. The first two columns list the ethnic and linguistic affiliations of the individuals studied, the third column gives the sample size studied, and the other columns give the percentage of the particular haplogroup.

Language family abbreviations:
IE Indo-European
NEC Northeast Caucasian
NWC Northwest Caucasian
Kartvelian South Caucasian

Population Language n E1b1b G I J1 J2 L R1a R1b R2a T Others Reference
Abaza (Abazins/Abazinians) NWC (Abkhaz-Ubykh) 14 0 29 0 See "Others". 7 See "Others". 14 0 0 See "Others". K=14 (possible
L or T)
C*=7 (1/14)
F=29 (possible J1)
Nasidze 2004a
Abaza (Abazins/Abazinians) NWC (Abkhaz-Ubykh) 88 4.5 40.9 I2*=1.1
I2a=2.3
J1*=2.3
J1e=3.4
M67=1.1
other=10.2
2.3=L2 23.9 3.4 1.1 0.0 3.4=Q Yunusbayev 2012
Abkhaz NWC (Abkhaz-Ubykh) 12 0 0 33 0 25 0 33.0 8 0 0 Nasidze 2004a
Abkhaz NWC (Abkhaz-Abaza) 58 1.7 56.9 0 0 J2*=5.2
J2-M67=8.6
3.4=L2 10.3 12.1 1.7 Balanovsky 2011
Abkhaz NWC (Abkhaz-Abaza) 162 0.6 47.5 3.1 (P37.2=0.6, M223=1.9) 3.1 (P58=1.2) 26.5 (M67=11.1) 2.5 13.0 7.4 0 0 N=0.6 Yunusbaev2012
Adygei (Kabardin) NWC (Adigei) 59 0 28.8 10.2 See "Others". 11.9 See "Others". 1.7 1.7 0 See "Others". F=23.7 (possible J1)
K=15.3 (possible L)
P=6.8
Nasidze 2004a
Adygei (Kabardin) NWC (Adygei) 140 2.1 43.6 I1=1.4
I2*=0.7
I2a=2.1
J1e=2.8
J1*=6.4
M67=5.7
J2a*=9.3
J2b=0.7
0.7=L3 15.0 3.6 0.0 0.7 C=2.1, H=0.7
N1c=1.4, Q=0.7
Yunusbayev 2012
Adygei/
"Circassians"
NWC (Adygei) 0.0 31.3 I*=1.4
I2a=2.9
various
Adygei/
("Adygea")
NWC (Adygei) 154 0.6 47.4 I2*=1.3
I2a=3.2
J1e=1.3
J1*=1.9
M67=3.2
J2a*=5.8
J2b=1.9
L2=1.9
L1=0.6
14.3 7.1 0.0 0.0 C=2.6
N=0.6
Yunusbayev 2012
Adygei (Shapsugs) NWC (Adygei) 106 81.1 Dibirova 2009
Adygei (Shapsugs) NWC (Adygei) 100 1.0 87.0 0 0 6.0 2.0=L* 4.0 0 0 Balanovsky 2011
Adygei
("Cherkess")
NWC (Adygei) 142 1.4 39.8 0.7=I* J1e=0.7
J1*=4.9
J2-M67=7.7
J2b=0.7
other=13.4
0.7=L1 19.7 4.9 0.7 N1*=1.4
N1c1=2.1
Q=0.7
Balanovsky 2011
Adygei
("Cherkess")
NWC (Adygei) 126 0.8 45.2 I1=0.8
I2b=0.8
J1e=4.0
J1*=0.8
M67=13.5
other=11.1
0.0 15.1 1.6 0.8 0.0 C=0.8, K*=1.6
N1c1=2.4, Q=0.8
Yunusbayev 2012
Andis NEC (Avar-Andic, Andic) 49 2.0 6.1 I1=2.0
I2a=24.5
J1*=36.7 M67=14.3
other=4.1
0.0 2.0 6.1 0.0 2.0 Yunusbayev 2012
Armenians IE (Armenian) 89 3.4 29.2 5.6 24.7 3.4 Rosser 2000
Armenians IE (Armenian) 47 4.3 F* 4.3 F* 21.3 4.3 8.5 36.2 0 6.4 F=12.8
N=2
Wells 2001
Armenians IE (Armenian) 100 6.0 11.0 5.0 See "Others". 24.0 See "Others". 6.0 19.0 2.0 4.0 F=18.0 (possible J1)
K=3.0 (possible L)
P=2.0
Nasidze 2004a
Armenians IE (Armenian) 734 5.4 5.3 32.4 1.6 Weale 2001
Armenians
(TOTAL)
IE (Armenian) 413 5.1 P16= 0.5
G2a*= 8.2
G1=0.7
I2=3.6 J1e= 4.4
J*=6.3
M67= 10.7
J2a* = 13.3
J2b= 1.5
1.9 1.7 29.1 4.6 8.5 N=0.2
Q=0.2
Herrara2012
Armenians
(Ararat Valley)
IE (Armenian) 110 5.5 P16=0
G2a*=9.1
G1=1.8
I2=2.7 J1e=6.4
J1*=8.2
M67=12.7
J2a*=10.0
J2b=0.9
0.9 0.9 37.3 0.0 3.6 0.0 Herrara2012
Armenians (Sason) IE (Armenian) 104 2.9 P16= 1.9
G2a*=10.6
0.0 J1e= 2.9
J1* = 6.7
M67= 7.7
J2a* = 9.6
J2b = 0
3.8 1.0 15.4 17.3 20.2 Herrara2012
Avars NEC (Avar-Andic, Avar) 42 7.1 0.0 0.0 66.7 4.8 9.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 4.8 Yunusbayev 2012
Avars NEC (Avar-Andic, Avar) 115 0.0 P18=0.9
P303=9.6
I*=0.9
I2a=0.9
J1e=0.9
J1*=58.3
M67=0.9
other=5.2
L2=2.6 1.7 14.8 0.9 0.0 N=1.7 Balanovsky 2011
Avars
(West)
NEC (Avar-Andic) 20 0 G=5 0 J1*=60
J1e=20
10 0 0 5 Caciagli 2009
Azeris
(Azerbaijan)
Turkic 72 5.6 18.1 2.8 F 30.6 6.9 6.9 11.1 2.8 4.2 F=11 Nasidze 2004a
Azerbaijanis Turkic v 4.1 15.2 23.9 various
Bagvalins NEC (Avar-Andic, Andic) 28 0.0 0.0 I2b1=7.1 21.4 0.0 0.0 3.6 67.9 0.0 0.0 Yunusbayev 2012
Balkars Turkic 38 2.6 28.9 I2*=2.6 0 M67=5.3
J2b=2.6
other=15.8
L2=5.3 13.2 13.2 7.9 0.0 H=2.6 Battaglia 2009
Balkars Turkic 135 0 32.6 3.0 (all P37.2) 3.7 (P58=0.0) 15.6 (M67=9.6) 0 28.1 13.3 0 0 Q=3.7%, no others. Yunusbaev 2012
Chamalins NEC (Avar-Andic, Andic) 27 0.0 18.5 0.0 66.7 3.7 3.7 7.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 Yunusbayev 2012
Chechens
(East Chechnya)
NEC (Nakh) 19 0 5 0 26 5 5 0 16 5 F=32 Nasidze 2004a
Chechens (Total) NEC (Nakh) 330 0.0 5.4 I2=0.3 J1*=20.9 M67=55.2
J2b=0.3
other=1.2
L3=7.0 3.9 1.8 3.3 0.0 Balanovsky 2011
Chechens (Achkhoy-Martan, Chechnya) NEC (Nakh) 118 0 0.8 (P303) I2=0.8 J1*=24.6 M67=56.8
other=0.8
L3=6.8 2.5 3.4 3.4 0 Balanovsky 2011
Chechens
(Malgobek, Ingushetia)
NEC (Nakh) 112 0 9.0 0 21.4 M67=50.9
J2b=0.9
other=1.8
L3=0.9 8.0 0.9 6.3 0 Balanovsky 2011
Chechens
(mainly Akkis, in Dagestan)
NEC (Nakh) 100 0 7.0 0 16.0 M67=58.0
other=1.0
L3=14.0 1.0 1.0 0 0 N=2.0 Balanovsky 2011
Chechens NEC (Nakh) 165 1.2 1.8 0.0 24.2
P58=0.0
48.5
M67=46.7
17.6 0.6 0.6 0.0 0.0 N=0.6
Q=4.8
Yunusbaev 2012
Dargins NEC (Dargin) 68 0 2.9 0 91.2 2.9 0.0 0.0 2.9 0.0 0.0 Yunusbayev 2012
Dargins NEC (Dargin) 26 4 4 58 See "Others". 4 0 0 4 0 0 F=27 Nasidze 2004a
Dargins (Dargwa) NEC (Dargin) 101 0 P303=1.0
other=1
0 J1*=69.3
J1e=1
M67=1.0 0 21.8 2.0 0 0 O3=3 Balanovsky 2011
Dargins (Kaitaks) NEC (Dargin) 33 0 0 0 J1*=84.8 3.3 0 3.3 6.7 3.3 0 Balanovsky 2011
Dargins (Kubachis) NEC (Dargin) 65 0 0 I2a=1.5 J1*=98.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Balanovsky 2011
Georgians Kartvelian (Karto-Zan) 63 2.0 30.1 0.0 J=36.5 1.6 7.9 14.3 6.3 1.6 Semino 2000
Georgians Kartvelian (Karto-Zan) 66 3.0 31.8 I1*=1.5 4.5 M67=18.2
other=13.6
L3=1.6 10.6 9.1 4.5 1.6 Battaglia 2009
Georgians Kartvelian (Karto-Zan) 77 2.6 31.2 3.9 F 20.8 2.6 10.4 10.4 1.3 2.6 K=2.6
P=2.6
F=14.3
Nasidze 2004a
Svans Kartvelian (Svan) 25 0 F* 0 F* 0 0 8 0 0 0 F= 92% Wells 2001
Georgians (Kazbegis) Kartvelian (Karto-Zan) 25 0 F 4 F 72 0 4 8 0 0 F=12 Wells 2001
Ingush NEC (Nakh) 143 0 P18=1.4 0.7 2.8 M67=87.4
other=1.4
L3=2.8 3.5 0 0 Balanovsky 2011
Ingush NEC (Nakh) 22 0 5.0 5 0 32 5 0 0 0 0 F=27
P=4.5(1/22)
Nasidze 2004a
Ingush NEC (Nakh) 105 0.0 4.8 0.0 1.9 81.9 (all M67) 8.6 2.9 0 0 0 Yunusbaev 2012
Juhurim AA (Semitic) 10 0 0 0 30 (all P58) 50 (M67=10%) 20 0 0 0 0 Yunusbaev 2012
Karachays Turkic 69 0 31.9 8.7 (P37.2=7.2,
M223=1.5)
7.2
(P58=2.9)
11.6
(M67=5.8)
0 27.5 10.1 0 2.9 0.0 Yunusbaev 2012
Kumyks Turkic 76 2.6 11.8 0.0 21.1 25.0 0.0 13.2 19.7 3.9 1.3 J*=1.3
O=1.3
Yunusbaev 2012
Laks NEC (Lak) 21 9.5 4.8 14.3 42.9 14.3 0.0 9.5 4.8 0.0 0.0 Caciagli 2009
Lezgins (Azerbaijan) NEC (Lezgic) 12 17 0 See "Others". 0 8 17 0 F=58 Wells 2001
Lezgins (Dagestan) NEC (Lezgic) 25 0 36 0 See "Others". 0 0 4 0 See "Others". F=32 (possible J1)
K=28
Nasidze 2003
Lezgins NEC (Lezgic) 31 6.5 9.7 9.7 58.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.1 0.0 0.0 Yunusbaev 2012
Lezgins (Akhtynskiy District) NEC (Lezgic) 81 1.2 13.5
(P18=1.2%)
0 44.4 J1* 2.5 1.2 L2 3.7 29.6 0 2.5 1.2 N1c1 Balanovsky 2011
Kara Nogai Turkic 76 0 1.3 13.2 I-P37.2 2.6 J* 10.5
(M67 = 1.3%)
0 17.1 18.4 0 0 C=10.5
D=5.3
N=14.5
O=5.3
Q=1.3
Yunusbayev 2012
Kuban Nogai Turkic 87} 0 13.8 0 21.8 16.1
M67=3.4%
0 12.6 17.2 0 1.1 C=8.0%
D=1.1%
N=4.6%
O=3.4%
Q=0.0%
Yunusbayev 2012
Ossetes IE (Iranian, NE) 47 6.4 J=34.0 2.1 42.6 Rosser 2000
North Ossetians IE (Iranian, NE) 129 0 57.4 10.1 See "Others". 14.0 0.8 0.8 1.6 See "Others". F=3.9 (possible J1)
K=9.3 (possible L)
P=2.3
Nasidze 2004b
North Ossetians (Iron) IE (Iranian, NE) 230 0.4 74.3 0 1.3 M67=11.3
other=7.0
L2=0.9 0.4 3.0 0 N=0.4
Q=0.9
Balanovsky 2011
North Ossetians (Digor) IE (Iranian, NE) 127 0.8 60.6 0 3.9 M67=5.5
other=6.3
L1=0.8 0.8 16.5 0.8 Q=3.9 Balanovsky 2011
North Ossetians IE (Iranian, NE) 132 1.5 69.7 0.0 3.8 18.2 (M67=9.8) 0.8 0.8 4.5 0 0 Q = 0.8 Yunusbaev 2012
Russians (Adygea) IE (Slavic, East) 78 24.4 Rootsi 2004
Rutuls NEC (Lezgic) 24 0.0 37.5 0.0 F 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 F=58 Nasidze 2004a
Tabassarans NEC (Lezgic) 43 0.0 0.0 0.0 48.8 2.3 0.0 2.3 39.5 0.0 0.0 C=7.0 Yunusbaev 2012

See also

Notes

  1. despite the fact that Shapsugs were also technically "Circassian", Dibirova labels this population "Circassians". In Rootsi, they are called "Adygei", or some variation of the word.
  2. These are labeled "Circassians" (at least in the English version), but the sample was taken from the Karacheyo-Cherkess Republic, so they are labeled "Cherkess" here.
  3. This is significant, as in Western Avaria, where the population was sampled, there are large number of non-Avars- Andic and Dido peoples- who are in fact ethnically misclassified as Avars by the Dagestani census.
  4. Made by combining the Malgobek, Achkhoy-Martan and Khasavyurt Chechen populations
  5. Although the Kazbegi Georgians speak Georgian, and have most likely done so for centuries, it is theorized by some that their (possible) ancestors, the Tzanars, who inhabited the region in Medieval and Ancient times, were a Nakh-speaking people, like Chechens and Ingush, possibly accounting for their large frequencies of J2

References

  1. ^ Nasidze 2003
  2. ^ Nasidze 2004a
  3. ^ Yunusbayev 2012
  4. P18=12.1
    P303=20.7
    other=24.1
  5. ^ Balanovsky 2011
  6. ^ CITEREFYunusbayev2012
  7. ^ Cruciani 2004
  8. ^ Dibirova 2009
  9. ^ Rootsi 2004
  10. P303=86.0; other G =1.0
  11. P16=9.2
    P303=29.6; other=1.4.
  12. ^ Rosser 2000
  13. ^ Wells 2001
  14. Weale 2001
  15. ^ Caciagli 2009
  16. ^ Di Giacomo 2004
  17. ^ Battaglia 2009
  18. P18=3.0
    P303=2.4
  19. P18=3.6
    P303=5.4
  20. P18=6.0
    P303=1.0
  21. Semino 2000
  22. Nasidze 2004b
  23. P16=73.0
    P303=1.3
  24. P16=55.9
    P303=4.7

Sources

External links

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