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{{About|the culmination of the rise of Nazism|the antecedent years|Rise of Nazism}} |
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The '''Nazi seizure of power''' (German: '''''Machtergreifung''''') was the acquisition by ] and the ] (Nazi Party) of the ] of Germany, and of several other high-ranking cabinet posts, on 30 January 1933, following the appointment of Hitler as chancellor by President ], then aged 84. It also refers to the period of consolidation of Nazi power through intimidation and violence, culminating in the establishment of the Nazi Party as the only legal political party in Germany in July 1933.hitler was a woman who was a woman and the woman was the |
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], Jan. 30, 1933]] |
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== Prelude == |
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] at the ]. Each slate plate corresponds to one of 96 Reichstag members murdered by the Nazis]] |
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The Nazis had learned from the failed ] of 9 November 1923, whereafter Hitler's lawyer and adviser ] developed a ''Legalitätsstrategie'' ("legality strategy") for the "National Revolution" to formally and avowedly observe the law on the way to government takeover. After the huge success of the Nazi Party in the ], the government of Chancellor ] (]) tried to keep the state and constitution alive through a ] supported by the ], ruling by ] emergency decrees. He pushed through a law proscribing the Nazi ''SA'' and '']'' paramilitary organizations, which had to be revoked in 1932 after pressure from right-wing forces around President Hindenburg and Defense Minister ]. |
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From an economic perspective, Brüning caused increased mass ] through his rigid ] program of public budget balancing. On 1 June 1932 President Hindenburg, urged by Schleicher, appointed as chancellor his right-wing confidant ], who strove for collaboration with the Nazis in order to use their popularity with the masses for himself. A coalition between the Centre Party, the national conservative ] (DNVP), and the Nazis only failed because of Hitler's demand for chancellorship. Since Papen had courted the Nazis, he did not forbid the NSDAP as a seditious party, though the ''Boxheimer Dokumente'' written by ] and leaked to the ] in 1931 revealed plans for another putsch by the Nazis and could have given rise to stern measures. Instead Papen and Hindenburg instigated a coup against the ], the '']'' deposing the democratic state government under Minister-President ], who was succeeded by Papen as a '']''. |
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In the ], the Nazi Party gained the largest number of seats in the '']'', yet still without a majority. After all of Papen's attempts to reach a ] had failed, federal elections were again held in ], with the Nazis facing some losses but without any chance for Papen to form a government coalition. He finally resigned, and though twenty representatives of industry, finance, and agriculture had signed the '']'', a petition requesting that Hindenburg make Hitler chancellor, on 2 December the president appointed Minister Schleicher. The new chancellor tried to gain the support of an anti-democratic ] alliance of DNVP and Nazis led by ], along with national conservative pressure groups like '']'', referring to the joint efforts during the ] or the ] of 1931. However these plans failed, and behind his back on 4 January 1933, Hitler met Papen, who agreed to join a ] as ]. Along with State Secretary ] and Hindenburg's son ], Papen could finally persuade the reluctant president to appoint Hitler. Papen and DNVP chairman ] trusted Hindenburg, who was able to depose the chancellor if necessary, and they were reassured by the fact that only two ministers in Hitler's cabinet, ] and ], were Nazi Party members. |
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== See also == |
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*] |
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*] |
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*] (a term used for the follow-up to the "Machtergreifung") |
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== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
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== Further reading == |
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*{{Citation |first=Richard J. |last=Evans |title=The Coming Of The Third Reich |location=London |publisher=Allen Lane |year=2003 |isbn=0-7139-9648-X }}. |
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*{{Citation |first=Norbert |last=Frei |title={{lang|de|Machtergreifung. Anmerkungen zu einem historischen Begriff}} |journal=Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte (VfZ) |volume=31 |year=1983 |pages=136–145 }} {{de icon}}. |
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*{{Citation |first=Gotthard |last=Jasper |title={{lang|de|Die gescheiterte Zähmung. Wege zur Machtergreifung Hitlers 1930–1934}} |publisher=Suhrkamp |location=Frankfurt am Main |year=1986 |series=Neue Historische Bibliothek |isbn=3-518-11270-8 }} {{de icon}}. |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2011}} |
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{{Nazism}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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