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Latest revision as of 23:17, 8 August 2021 edit undoGenQuest (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Page movers, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers63,602 edits COMPLETE THE MERGE: to Gregory of Durrës per PAMTag: New redirect |
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'''Grigori I Durrësit''', also known as '''Grigori Voskopojari''' (]: '''Gregory of Voskopoja'''),<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cornis-Pope |first1=Marcel |last2=Neubauer |first2=John |title=History of the Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe: Junctures and Disjunctures in the 19th and 20th Centuries |date=2004 |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing |isbn=9789027234537 |page=499 |url=https://books.google.se/books?id=5pAwqsSyTlsC&pg=PA499&dq=grigori+durazzo+1772&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjqw4q-l8TlAhWuk4sKHYmLC0oQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=gregory&f=false |language=en}}</ref> '''Gregory the Printer''' or '''Gregory Constantinidhi''' (]: '''Gregorios Typografos''')<ref>{{cite book |last1=Elsie |first1=Robert |title=A Biographical Dictionary of Albanian History |date=2013 |publisher=I.B.Tauris |isbn=9781780764313 |page=181 |url=https://books.google.se/books?id=pgf6GWJxuZgC&pg=PA181&dq=Gregory+of+Voskopoja&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiSwoj_l8TlAhVno4sKHQQDAgoQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=Gregory%20of%20Voskopoja&f=false |language=en}}</ref> (1701–1769) was an Albanian<ref>{{cite book |last1=Olschowsky |first1=Heinrich |last2=Leipzig |first2=Bibliographisches Institut |title=Literaturen Ost- und Südosteuropas |date=1990 |publisher=Bibliographisches Institut |isbn=9783323003224 |edition=Translation: "Grigori i Durresit (18 jh) Albanian" |url=https://books.google.se/books?id=xdpkAAAAMAAJ&q=grigori+i+durresit&dq=grigori+i+durresit&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjd05PjksTlAhUNxYsKHT4vATwQ6AEIRTAD |language=de}}</ref> professor, Orthodox monk<ref>{{cite book |last1=Young |first1=Antonia |last2=Hodgson |first2=John |last3=Young |first3=Nigel |title=Albania |date=1997 |publisher=Clio Press |isbn=9781851092604 |page=194 |edition=Translation: The supposed writer, ], was an Orthodox cleric. |url=https://books.google.se/books?id=-s0UAQAAIAAJ&dq=Gregory+of+Voskopoja&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Gregory |accessdate=30 October 2019 |language=en}}</ref> and ] known for inventing a variation of the Albanian language and for having collected biblical literature.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lloshi |first1=Xhevat |title=Rreth alfabetit të shqipes: me rastin e 100-vjetorit të Kongresit të Manastirit |date=2008 |publisher=Logos-A |isbn=9789989582684 |page=278 |edition=Translation: Within the Orthodox pressure itself at that time there were Orthodox communities dependent on the ] Patriarchate, which was destroyed only two years before the first burning of ]. From there came the influence of writing Albanian with ] letters. Attemptes were made to construct Albanian writing in original alphabets, in order to break away from foreign languages. This is represented by Gregory of Durres, by Dhaskal Todor who had been a pupil of Kavaliot, and as the author of Elbasan Anonymous is held Pope Totas, also the creator of the original alphabet. |url=https://books.google.se/books?id=9_gXTda0HS8C&pg=PA278&dq=grigori+i+durresit&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjd05PjksTlAhUNxYsKHT4vATwQ6AEIKzAA#v=onepage&q=grigori%20i%20durresit&f=false |accessdate=30 October 2019 |language=sq}}</ref> Born roughly around 1701 in Voskopoja, he studied at the ”New Academy”, a middle school,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Klein |first1=Jared |last2=Joseph |first2=Brian |last3=Fritz |first3=Matthias |title=Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics |date=2018 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG |isbn=9783110540529 |url=https://books.google.se/books?id=zniWDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT434&dq=Gregory+of+Voskopoja&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiSwoj_l8TlAhVno4sKHQQDAgoQ6AEILzAB#v=onepage&q=Gregory&f=false |language=en}}</ref> and become a professor. At the same time, ] (often confused with '''Gregory the Printer''') was the rector. Later he worked in ] with typographer ]. In 1744 Gregory founded the printing press of Voskopoja, brought from Venice, which he operated until its destruction in 1764, which was used for liturgical purposes.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Llukani |first1=Andrea |title=ANTOLOGJIA E LETËRSISË SË KRISHTERE |date=2006 |publisher=Dr. Pavli Haxhillazi |location=Tirana |page=42 |edition=Translation: Metropolitan of Durres Grigori is thought to have been born in the year 1701 in Voskopoja. He studied at the "New Academy" and later became her professor. In 1740 she became a monk in Venice, where she taught the typographic craft from the Venetian printmaker Nikolaos Glykys. In 1744 Gregory founded the printing press of Voskopoja, which he led until its destruction in 1764. This the printing press was brought from Venice, where Albanian masters learned typography. The printing press of Voskopoja has 14 acolytes, which are used for liturgical purposes. |url=https://andreallukani.files.wordpress.com/2018/03/antologjia-e-letersise-se-krishtere.pdf}}</ref> He was the first to translate the Old and New Testament into Albanian, using an alphabet invented by himself before 1772. His translations have been lost however. After the abolition of the Ohrid Patriarchate in 1768, he was appointed by the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople as Metropolitan of Durrës.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shqipërisë |first1=Akademia e Shkencave e RPS të |last2=shqiptar |first2=Fjalori enciklopedik |title=Fjalor enciklopedik shqiptar |date=1985 |publisher=Akademia e Shkencave e RPSSH |page=1176 |edition=Translation: In 1768 he was elected bishop of Durres and was therefore called "Gregory of Durres". The last years apparently spent in the monastery of St. John near Elbasan. He wrote in Greek any religious or religious textbooks and speeches. |url=https://books.google.se/books?id=NDNBAQAAIAAJ&dq=grigori+i+durresit&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=grigori |language=sq}}</ref> At the end of his life, he donated many books to the local library.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hysa |first1=Mahmud |title=Autorë dhe tekste nga letërsia e vjetër shqiptare |date=1995 |publisher=Flaka e vëllazërimit |isbn=9789989658068 |page=60 |edition=Translation: Books were donated by many scholars such as George Sina who donated many Greek and Roman books, Gregory of Durres who "at the end of his life dedicated all the valuable books in the library" and many Voskopoi emigrants. The library was destroyed in 1769 |url=https://books.google.se/books?id=BaFiAAAAMAAJ&q=grigori+i+durresit&dq=grigori+i+durresit&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjd05PjksTlAhUNxYsKHT4vATwQ6AEINDAB |accessdate=30 October 2019 |language=sq}}</ref> He is said to have died in Venice in 1769. Another theory approximates his death in 1772 in Shen Gjon Vladimir ne Shijon in Elbasan. |
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== Bibliography == |
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*Akoluthia of Saint Nicholas (1712) |
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*Akoluthia of Saint Theodora (1731) |
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*Akoluthia of St. Harallamb (1734) |
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*Akoluthia of Saint Seraphim (1735) |
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*Akoluthia of St. Naum (1740) |
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*Akoluthia of the Fifteen Martyrs (1741) |
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*Akoluthia of St. Clement (1741) |
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*Akoluthia of St. John Vladimir (1742) |
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*Akoluthia of the Seven Saints (1742) ) |
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*Pastoral Letter of Patriarch Joasaf of Ohrid (1742) |
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*Akoluthia of Saint Vision (1744) |
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*Akoluthia of Saint Anthony (1746) |
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*Catechism (1746) |
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*Leonardo Lombardi (1749) |
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*Oktaikos (1750) |
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*Religious Doctrine (1769) |
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== References == |
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