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The Amara Sulya Freedom Movement of 1837 (Kannada: Amara suḷyada svātantrya hōrāṭa 1837). It has been wrongly attributed as a Dange (a misadventure) by vested interests since the time of the British and also as a Kodagu- Canara Mutiny against the British government or Kalyanappana Katakayi, Amara Sullia Raitha Horata. This incident took place twenty years before the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857. Its war of Independence with support of Arebhashe Speaking and Tulu Speaking local agrarian community. The people in today's Kodagu, Dakshina Kannada districts of Karnataka and Kumble, Kasaragod region in Kerala unprecedentedly supported the freedom Movement. Even 20 before the First war of Independence. Amara Sulya Freedom Movement, the revolutionaries started the movement from Maduvegadde Sullia to Bavutagudde Mangaluru and brought down the Union Jack and hoisted a flag at Bavutagudde. For a period of 13 days, the Canara area relished the sweetness of Independence.

Early Rebellions

The British Government made a colossal change in the land revenue collecting system. They inducted major social, economic, and territorial changes in Kodagu, for their administrative convenience and Part of Puttur Taluk and Sullia was separated from Kodagu and made part of South Canara district, which was then part of the Madras province. This tax paying is new for people and they were not ready to accept as easy as Rajas Tax system. All the agrarian community had difficulty paying the taxes Which made them revolt with the British Government.

The change in the mode of tax payment is different, which was now to be made entirely in the form of cash rather than the product. The farmers used to give a part of their products as tax, but the new system only added to their woes, as people did not keep cash with them. This led many of them to refuse to pay the tax outright which ultimately caused the revolt.

History

After the Second Anglo-Mysore War, South Canara passed into the British Government in 1799. The land of Coorg with Haleri Chiefs, Chikkaveera Rajendra till the end of 1834. His disloyalty and brazen misrule were not just for the British Decision. This led to the termination of the Haleri rule and issued the Proclamation 11 April 1934 annexing Coorg into company dominion.

After the annexation of Coorg, the district of Amara Sullia, Puttur and Bantwala's were transferred into Canara for ease of administration. This makes the agrarian community of Amara Sullia and Haleri Raja family together and they prepared for the rebellion. Kedambadi Rama Gowda of Sullia was the person who was primarily responsible for the organization of this rebellion in South Kanara. Later the family members of Haleri Kalyana Swamy were caught by the British government, So Kedambady Rama Gowda selected one Puttabassappa(a peasant of Shanivara Sante in Hemmani Village), to play the role of Kalyana Swamy. Kalyana Swamy was declared the Rajah by his men. He claimed to be a member belonging to the erstwhile Haleri family.

The British Government changed the mode of tax payment to cash rather than Barter System(an old method of exchange the product) and they implemented a tax on tobacco and salt. In 1837 Puttabasappa declared that the tax on tobacco and salt will be withdrawn. The local agrarian community, Arebhashe Gowda's, landowners, and local chieftains were assured of this move made by Puttabasappa. The rebellion team lead by Puttabasappa and Kedambady Rame Gowda captured the government treasury in Bellare which was the first move in Amara Sullia rebellion. The rebels marched towards Mangalore to capture it. The British were engaged in fortifying their fort in Mangalore. The rebels marched towards Mangalore through Nettaru, Puttur via Bantwal.

Freedom Fighters who participated in the movement

Freedom fighters

1. Koojugodu Kattemane Appaiah Gowda (The Kattemane/Seeme Gowda of the then Amara and Sulya Seeme)
2. Kedambadi Ramaiah Gowda
3. Baarike Parameshwara Gowda (Kochi Baarike)
4. Jangama Kalyanaswamy
5. Swami Aparampara
6. Kari Basavayya
7. Guddemane Appaiah Gowda
8. Koojugodu Mallappa Gowda
9. Kudekallu Putta Gowda
10. Kukkanooru Chennayya
11. Sirekaje Mallayya
12. Subedar Nerapanda Madaiah
13. Chetty Kudiya
14. Kurtu Kudiya
15. Peraje Krishnaiah
16. Beeranna Bunta
17. Kunchadka Rama Gowda
18. Hulikadida Najaiah
19. Lakshmappa Bangarasa
20. Karanika Subbaiah
21. Ookanna Banta
22. Patel Shankarnarayana
23. Manegara Naranappa
24. Amin Venkata

(List Incomplete)

Memorials

Bavutagudde

In Kannada, Arebhashe, and Tulu the word Bavuta means Flag. This was the very place wherein the year 1837, the British flag was lowered by the Amara Sulya Freedom Fighters. Thus the name Bavutagudde. It is located adjacent to Mulki Sundar Ram Shetty Road, Mangaluru.

Banglegudde Bellare

The treasury of Britishers was present at Bellare of Sulya. Freedom fighters came directly from Maduvegadde to Bellare Bungalow and seized the treasury.

Heritage Village Tag

Ubaradka Mittur Village of Sullia Taluk has been announced as a Heritage Village by the Government of Karnataka, 2021.

Independnet study by Anindith Gowda Kochi Baarike

Anindith, an activist for raising the awareness of the Amara Sulya Freedom Movement of 1837, also a descendant of the freedom fighters has been studying the subject matter. With sources and also as an insider, he has been maintaining a record of his study journey through his blog. He has been writing and speaking (in English as well as in vernacular Indic languages) on Amara Sulya at various forums, both online and offline. He opines that "Amara Sulya is a story of the Bravehearts who rose to the occasion and defended the sovereignty of Bharat. The British antipathy ensured that such stories of valor were neglected at best. Otherwise, such stories of hope and resilience would ignite the spark of anti-colonialists throughout other colonies of the British."

In the year 2020, ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ಅರೆಭಾಷೆ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ ಮತ್ತು ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ (The Arebhashe Academy, Government of Karnataka) had organized a series of online lectures on Amara Sulya Freedom Movement of 1837 (the lecture series were held online, taking into account the pandemic situation). Here, a lecture on the title ಅಮರ ಸುಳ್ಯ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯಹೋರಾಟದ ನಂತರದ ದಿನಗ, which when translated from Arebhashe to English implicates the post-war changes (after the incident against the then British East India Company in 1837) was delivered.

On the occasion of Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, i.e.: the occasion of 75 weeks preceding India's 75th Independence Day, Anindith received a letter of appreciation for attending as a resource person on the topic at University Evening College, a constituent college of Mangalore University.

On the same day, Mangaluru's local TV Channel - Namma TV hosted a program on the Amara Sulya Freedom Movement of 1837 titled ದೈವದ ಕಲ: ದೈವದ ನೆಲಟ್ಟ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯದ ಪೊರ್‌ಂಬಾಟ, which immediately clocked 10,000 views on Facebook. The program, a panel discussion moderated by Shri Dayananda Kathalsar (Tulu Academy President) with the participants - Shri Akash Raj Jain, and Anindith was broadcasted live in the Tulu language.

References

Citations

1. Karnataka, Headline. "ಬಾವುಟಗುಡ್ಡೆಯಲ್ಲಿ 13 ದಿನ ರಾರಾಜಿಸಿತ್ತು ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಬಾವುಟ! ಸುಳ್ಯದ ರೈತರು ಹಚ್ಚಿದ್ದ ಸೇಡಿನ ಕಿಚ್ಚಿಗೆ ಬೆಚ್ಚಿ ಓಡಿದ್ದರು ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷರು !". Headline Karanataka.
2. 13, News. "ಅಮರ ಸುಳ್ಯ - "ಇತಿಹಾಸ ಪುಸ್ತಕದ" ಪುಟಗಳಿಂದ ಕಳೆದುಹೋದಂತಹ ಒಂದು ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಘಟನೆ". News 13, Anindith Gowda Kochi Baarike. Retrieved 19 August 2021. {{cite news}}: |first1= has generic name (help); |last1= has numeric name (help)
3. Paniyadi, Gururaj A. (6 April 2016). "1837: When the rebel flag fluttered high". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
4. "The Amara Sullia uprising, 20 years before 1857". Deccan Herald. 15 August 2020. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
5. Krishnayya, D N (2014). Kodagina Ithihasa. Kannada Sahithya Parishath. p. 614. ISBN 978-93-82446-34-7.
6. "1837: When the rebel flag fluttered high". Deccan Chronicle. 6 April 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
7. Valase, Sangarsha, Samanvaya By Purushothama Bilimale, Akruthi Publication Mangaluru, 2019
8. Sampaje, N.S. Deviprasad Sampaje (2003). Amara Sulyada Swathanthrya Samara (Freedom struggle of Sullya). Bengaluru: Sampaje Publications.
9. ^ Bhat, N Shyam (1987). Rebellion of Kalyana Swamy(1834-37): A case of local protest Against British Rule,Studies in Karnataka History and Culture, 108-113. Goa.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
10. "1834-37 ರ ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷರ ವಿರುದ್ಧ ವಿಶಾಲ ಕೊಡಗಿನ 'ಅಮರಸುಳ್ಯ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಸಮರ' | News13". 30 October 2020.
11. Gowda, Puttur Anantharaja (2015). In Pursuit of Our Roots. Bengaluru: Tenkila Publications.
12. Gaṇapati Rāv Aigaḷ, Em.̣ (2004). Dakṣiṇa Kannaḍa Jilleya prācīna itihāsa. Uḍupi: Rāṣṭrakavi Gōvinda Pai Saṃśōdhana Kēndra. ISBN 81-86668-47-0.
13. Bhat, N. Shyam (1 January 1998). South Kanara, 1799-1860: A Study in Colonial Administration and Regional Response. Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-81-7099-586-9.
14. ^ "BANGLEGUDDE OF SULYA". RellowPlaques. 7 June 2020.
15. "ಕರುನಾಡಿನ ಮೊದಲ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಸಂಗ್ರಾಮ ಅಮರ ಸುಳ್ಯ ದಂಗೆಯ ನೆನಪು". Pratidhvani. 5 April 2020.
16. "Arebase: History of Bavutagudde in Mangalore up went the rebelflag". Headline Karnataka (in Kannada). 15 August 2020. Retrieved 15 August 2021.
17. Richter, G. GAZETTEER OF COORG (1870 ed.). B.R. PUBLISHING CORPORATION, 461,VIVEKANAND NAGAR, DELHI-110052(INDIA). p. 474.
18. Cite error: The named reference auto was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
19. "Ubaradka Mittur to get Heritage Village Tag". Canara Post. 16 August 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
20. 13, News. "ಅಮರ ಸುಳ್ಯ - "ಇತಿಹಾಸ ಪುಸ್ತಕದ" ಪುಟಗಳಿಂದ ಕಳೆದುಹೋದಂತಹ ಒಂದು ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಘಟನೆ". News 13, Anindith Gowda Kochi Baarike. Retrieved 19 August 2021. {{cite news}}: |first1= has generic name (help); |last1= has numeric name (help)
21. Academy, Arebhashe. "ಅಮರ ಸುಳ್ಯ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯಹೋರಾಟದ ನಂತರದ ದಿನಗ". ಅಮರ ಸುಳ್ಯ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಹೋರಾಟದ ನಂತರದ ದಿನಗ - ಜಾಲಗೋಷ್ಠಿ. Retrieved 30 August 2021.
22. Suddi, Amara. "Anindith Gowda Kochi Baarike - Resource Person, Amara Sulya". Amara Suddi, Anindith Gowda Kochi Baarike - Letter of Appreciation. Retrieved 30 August 2021.
23. TV, Namma. "NammaTV ದೈವದ ಕಲ; ದೈವದ ನೆಲಟ್ಟ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯದ ಪೊರಂಬಾಟ, Amara Sulya Freedom Movement". NammaTV ದೈವದ ಕಲ; ದೈವದ ನೆಲಟ್ಟ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯದ ಪೊರಂಬಾಟ. Retrieved 30 August 2021.

• People from Dakshina Kannada district
• Indian independence movement
• History of social movements
• History of India