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| {{About|the region in Nepal|the ancient region|History of Mithila|the proposed state in India|Mithila, India}} | |||
| {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2016}} | |||
| {{refimprove|date=May 2012}} | |||
| {{infobox zone| | |||
| <!--See Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> | |||
| |name = Mithila | |||
| |native_name = '''মিথিলা রাজ্য ''' | |||
| |settlement_type = | |||
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| |image_map = | |||
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| |subdivision_type = Country | |||
| |subdivision_name = Nepal | |||
| | largest_city = capital | |||
| | subdivision_type1 = Historical region | |||
| | subdivision_name1 = ] | |||
| | subdivision_type2 = Official language | |||
| | subdivision_name2 = ] (90%) | |||
| | subdivision_type3 = Lingua franca | |||
| | subdivision_name3 = ] | |||
| | subdivision_type4= Regional languages | |||
| | subdivision_name4 = ] (2%), ] (3%) and ] (5%) | |||
| | subdivision_type5 = Additional languages | |||
| | subdivision_name5 = ] and ] | |||
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| |area_footnotes = | |||
| |area_total_km2 = 9,661 | |||
| |population_as_of = | |||
| |population_footnotes = | |||
| |population_note = | |||
| |population_total = 5,404,145 | |||
| |population_density_km2 = <!-- auto --> | |||
| |blank_name_sec1 = ] | |||
| |blank_info_sec1 = | |||
| |timezone = ] | |||
| |utc_offset = +5:45 | |||
| |latd= |latm=|lats= |latNS=N | |||
| |longd=|longm=|longs=|longEW=E | |||
| |elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | |||
| |elevation_m = | |||
| |postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> | |||
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| |geocode = NP-TW | |||
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| |footnotes = | |||
| }} | |||
| ''Mithila State'' ({{lang-ne|'''मिथिला राज्य'''}}; ] : '''মিথিলা রাজ্য''' | |||
| ) is a region located in ] belt or eastern ] plains. The Mithila region also includes most of North ] in ]. In general terms, it is the ]-speaking region of Nepal. Mithila region of Nepal includes some 13 district of Nepal lies on south east part of Nepal boundaring from current Parsa to Jhapa District of Nepal. | |||
| There is an ongoing movement for a "Free Mithila state" which wants secession from Nepal to rejoin fellow ]s in ].<ref>https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=n4FQMEiZcrIC&pg=PA251&dq=free+mithila+state&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiI1KfJw-XQAhXHJsAKHZ2bBSoQ6AEIGjAA</ref> | |||
| == Geography == | |||
| The region is surrounded by:<ref>{{cite book|last=Federalism dialogues|first=series-3|title=Mithila|year=2011|publisher=CCD-2011|location=Kathmandu|pages=iii|url=http://www.ccd.org.np/new/publications/03_MBKM_English.pdf}}</ref> | |||
| * The foot of the ] to the North. | |||
| * The international border with India to the South. | |||
| * The ] of India to the West. | |||
| * The ] and ] of India to the east. | |||
| The region contains a total of 948 VDCs (Village Development Committees), including 14 municipalities. The province covers about {{convert|14058.7|km2|abbr=on}}. of Nepal's total area of {{convert|147181|km2|abbr=on}}. with an estimated 6.65 million inhabitants, it is by far the most populous of the new proposed provinces.<ref>{{cite book|last=Center for constitutional dialogue|first=Series 3|title=Mithila-Bhojpur-Koch-Madhes|year=2011|publisher=CCD-2011|location=Kathmandu|page=14|url=http://www.ccd.org.np/new/publications/03_MBKM_English.pdf}}</ref> | |||
| == Transport == | |||
| == Paag == | |||
| Paag is headdress in Mithila region of Nepal and a symbol of honour and respect. Mithilalok Foundation has taken up the cudgels to advance the cause of Paag all across the world. | |||
| === Roadways === | |||
| ] lies 25 kilometres (16 mi) south of the ].<ref name=reed>{{cite book|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=lcbUIOTcE18C&pg=PA361&lpg=PA361&dq=Mahendra+Highway+Nepalganj&source=bl&ots=T5S7zIzVRd&sig=ZDxdXVuHGjwwoeEOWAi-56Y4VMk&hl=en&ei=W7b0S-GzIcy0rAfU4vC4Cg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CEAQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Mahendra%20Highway%20Nepalganj&f=false|title=The rough guide to Nepal| work = Nepalganj p. 361, Mahendranagar p. 374, Janakpur p. 388, Kankarbhitta p. 400, Itahar p. 442 | first= | last=David Reed, James McConnachie | publisher = Google book |accessdate = 2010-05-18}}</ref> At its eastern end this road joins an ] that connects it to ], the capital city of the country and ].<ref name=woodhatch>{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=E2MxdOkoyCQC&pg=PA450&lpg=PA450&dq=Mahendra+Highway&source=bl&ots=ssPTZPBdBV&sig=U9UoIaXxny1jUOlmofHJQYnQox0&hl=en&ei=n3P0S-2ABoytrAfY_KitDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CDUQ6AEwBzgK#v=onepage&q=Mahendra%20Highway&f=false | title =Nepal handbook | work =Western Nepal p. 29, Junctions p. 44, Length p. 238, Overview p. 373, Nepalganj p. 394 -398, Terai east of Sapt Kosi p. 401, Janakpur p. 436, Eastern Nepal p. 450, | first=Tom | last=Woodhatch | publisher = Google books |accessdate = 2012-05-09}}</ref> At its western end it enters the ] state of the country which further links to ] and ], the industrial states of Nepal.<ref name=reed>{{cite book|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=lcbUIOTcE18C&pg=PA361&lpg=PA361&dq=Mahendra+Highway+Nepalganj&source=bl&ots=T5S7zIzVRd&sig=ZDxdXVuHGjwwoeEOWAi-56Y4VMk&hl=en&ei=W7b0S-GzIcy0rAfU4vC4Cg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CEAQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Mahendra%20Highway%20Nepalganj&f=false | title = The rough guide to Nepal | work = Nepalganj p. 361, Mahendranagar p. 374, Janakpur p. 388, Kankarbhitta p. 400, Itahar p. 442 | first= | last=David Reed, James McConnachie | publisher = Google book |accessdate = 2012-05-09}}</ref> The Mahendra (East-West) Highway is the longest in the country, at {{Convert|1000|km}}.<ref name=reed>{{cite book|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=lcbUIOTcE18C&pg=PA361&lpg=PA361&dq=Mahendra+Highway+Nepalganj&source=bl&ots=T5S7zIzVRd&sig=ZDxdXVuHGjwwoeEOWAi-56Y4VMk&hl=en&ei=W7b0S-GzIcy0rAfU4vC4Cg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CEAQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Mahendra%20Highway%20Nepalganj&f=false | title = The rough guide to Nepal | work = Nepalganj p. 361, Mahendranagar p. 374, Janakpur p. 388, Kankarbhitta p. 400, Itahar p. 442 | first= | last=David Reed, James McConnachie | publisher = Google book |accessdate = 2010-05-18}}</ref> | |||
| The ] does not cross as much of the Mithila region of Nepal as the Mahendra Highway, but it is equally important as it connects the Mithila region to ], the capital of Nepal, on one side and to the Indian State of ] and ] on the other side.<ref name="Highways in Nepal"></ref> | |||
| === Railways === | |||
| {{Main|Nepal Railways}} | |||
| A few other railway projects are under progress in the Mithila region of Nepal. All these projects are of ]. Government of Nepal has proposed Janakpur as a Main Station for 1024 km east-west Metro Railway project and further be extended to ] and China for connecting ] with ] and ] for business and tourism promotion.<ref></ref> | |||
| *] (Nepal) to ] (China) (Part of Kathmandu-Beijing/Nepal-China Metro Railways) | |||
| * ], ] (Nepal) to ] (India) (Part of Kathmandu-Patna/Nepal-India Railways) | |||
| * ] (Nepal) to ] (Nepal) (part of East-West 1024 km Nepal Railway and Capital City Corridor) | |||
| *] (Nepal) to ] (Nepal) (Part of East-West Railway and Mithila Corridor) | |||
| * ] (Nepal) to ] Nepal) (Part of East-west Railway and Industrial Corridor) | |||
| * ] (Nepal) to ] (Nepal) (Part of East-west Railway and Industrial Corridor) | |||
| === Airways === | |||
| {{Main|Nepal Airlines destinations}} | |||
| Mithila region has 3 airports: | |||
| * Rajbiraj Airport, in ] | |||
| * ] (Mithila Airport) in Janakpur. | |||
| * ] in ] close to ]. | |||
| * Nijgadh International Airport in ]. | |||
| == Languages == | |||
| ] is the most commonly spoken language of ] of ] ethnicity in the Mithila districts ranging between ] to ]. | |||
| == Culture == | |||
| ] | |||
| === Temples and festivals === | |||
| Mithila is known for the ] of Janakpur. This temple, one of the biggest in Nepal, was built in 1898 (1955 in the ]) by Amar Singh Thapa with financial aid by Queen Brisabhanu Kunwar of ].<ref name="HT"> by Rastriya Samachar Samiti. The Himalyan Times, 13 April. Accessed September 2008</ref> It is also called "Nau Lakha Mandir" after the cost of construction, said to be nine (nau) ]. The oldest temple in Janakpur is Ram Mandir, built by the Nepali soldier ].<ref name="HT"/> Pilgrims also visit the more than 200 ] in the city for ritual baths. The two most important, Dhanush Sagar and Ganga Sagar, are located close to the city centre in Janakpur. The Vivah Mandap temple is where ] and Sita are said to have been married. It is situated next to the Janki Mandir. | |||
| Major religious celebrations include the Hindu festivals ] and ],<ref name="HT"/> followed by the spectacular ] Puja originated here (sun worship) six days after Deepavali. Both Deepavali and Chhath are celebrated with a carnival atmosphere. | |||
| The festival of ] is celebrated at the end of the winter season on the last full moon day of the lunar month ] (February/March). Other festivals honor Rama and Sita: | |||
| * ], the birthday of Lord Rama, in March–April (9th Day of Chait month of the ]) | |||
| * Janaki Navami, the birth anniversary Maa Sita in late April or early May (9th Day of Baisakh month of the ]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nepalvista.com/travel/janakpur.html |title=Janakpur | Travel |publisher=NepalVista.com |date=27 April 2007 |accessdate=2012-12-31}}</ref> And | |||
| * ] or ] festival re-enacts the wedding of Rama and Sita at the famous Vivah Mandap temple on the fifth day of the waxing moon in November or early December (after Kartik Purnima), where Rama broke the bow of ]. | |||
| Pilgrims stay in one of the city's five good hotels or small guest houses. There are also five fully equipped dharmashalas (cheap lodgings for pilgrims). | |||
| === Art === | |||
| Nepali Maithil women are known internationally for their ], also called as ], especially their paintings on pottery, walls and courtyards. | |||
| ] is done with fingers, twigs, brushes, nib-pens, and matchsticks, using natural dyes and pigments, and is characterized by eye-catching geometrical patterns. There are paintings for each occasion and festival such as birth, marriage, ], surya shasti, ], ] (sacred thread ceremony), and ]. | |||
| === Entertainment === | |||
| Cinemas in the region show new and old films in ], ] and ] languages. Hollywood films are less popular<!-- than what? -->. Stage shows, concerts and plays are occasionally organized by the local clubs and organizations. Mithila Natyakala Parishad (MINAP), a not-for-profit organization dedicated to promoting Mithila culture, is a prominent promoter of the performing arts.<ref></ref> | |||
| == History of Mithila == | |||
| === Ancient history === | |||
| According to ], King Sirdhwaj ] of ] 24th king of the Janaka Dynasty, ruled ]. There had been 54 kings in this dynasty.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://muzaffarpur.bih.nic.in/muzaffarpur_HISTORY.htm |title=A Brief History of Muzaffarpur |publisher=Muzaffarpur.bih.nic.in |date= |accessdate=2012-05-04}}</ref> ] in Dhanusa District was the capital of Videha kingdom. | |||
| After the end of the Janaka dynasty, Mithila was divided into 8 states and power was decentralized to the local representatives elected by the people. During this period, south-west Mithila was known as the Vajji Republic or the Great Union of Vajji. ] were the most powerful and influential out of the 8 states of the Union. | |||
| Even the powerful kingdom of ] had to conclude matrimonial alliances in 519 B.C. with the neighboring estates of the Licchavis. Ajatshatru invaded ] and extended his sway over Mithila. It was at this time that ] (the modern Patna) was founded at the village of Patali on the banks of the sacred river ]. Ajatshatru built a strong fortress to keep vigil over the Licchavis on the other side of the river. Vaishali was a center of religious renaissance. Baso kund (vaishali,bihar) was the birthplace of ], the 24th Jain Tirthankar and a contemporary of Lord ], and attracted visitors. | |||
| From the visit of the Hieuen Tsang's till the rise of the Pala dynasty, Mithila was under the control of King ]. After 647 A.D., the region passed on to the local chiefs; the Pala kings continued to maintain control of Mithila until 1019 A.D. There was a brief interlude during which Chedi kings of Central India ruled but they were replaced by the Sena dynasty later in the 11th century. | |||
| === Islamic invasion === | |||
| Between 1210 and 1226, Ghais-u-ddin Iwaz, the ruler of ], was the first Muslim invader of Mithila. He, however, could not succeed in conquering the kingdom but extorted tributes. It was in 1323 that ] established his control over Mithila.{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}} | |||
| The history of Mithila would remain incomplete without a reference to the Simraon dynasty (in the Western part of Mithila i.e. Champaran) and its founder Nanyupa Deva who extended his power over the whole of Mithila and ]. | |||
| During the regime of Harasimha Deva, the last king of the dynasty, Tughlaq Shah invaded Mithila in 1323 and gained control over the territory. Tughlaq Shah handed over the management of Mithila to Pt. Kameshwar Thakur. Thus, the sovereign power of Mithila passed from the Hindu chiefs to the Muslims but the Hindu chief continued to enjoy complete autonomy.<ref name="tirhutlive1">{{cite web|url=http://www.tirhutlive.in/About_tirhut.php |title=Tirhut – The Land of Maa Sita – About Tirhut |publisher=Tirhutlive.in |date= |accessdate=2012-05-04}}</ref> | |||
| === Mithila under the administration of Bengal === | |||
| By the end of the 14th century, Mithila was controlled entirely by the kings of ] and remained so for nearly a century until ] of Delhi defeated the king of Jaunpur. Meanwhile, Hussain Shah, the ] of ] had expanded his control over greater regions, which now included Mithila. The emperor of ] advanced against Hussain Shah in 1499 and thus gained control of Mithila. The power of the Nawabs of Bengal began to wane and with the decline and fall of Mahood Shah, north Bihar, including Mithila, became part of the ]. Though Mithila had been annexed, the petty chieftains continued to exercise effective control over this area till the days of ], the Nawab of Bengal. Daud Khan had his stronghold at ] and ]; after his fall, a separate Subah of ] was constituted under the ] dynasty, which included Mithila. | |||
| == Notable people from Mithila region == | |||
| The following are notable residents (past and present) of Mithila (Nepal). | |||
| * ], (The first President of Nepal) was born in ] of Mithila region in Nepal. He is the current ]. He was elected in July 2008 and is the country's first President. He previously served as Minister of Health and as General Secretary of the ] party.<ref>]</ref> | |||
| * ] was born in the ] of Mithila region of India but settled in Nepal. He is the current ] and a former ] judge. | |||
| * ], was born in the ] of Mithila region of Nepal. He is a Nepali politician who was ] from 25 May 2009 until 6 February 2011.<ref>{{Cite news | url = https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gD6g0JrxeQ5R-4t1N1bfBE0CSOwQ | title = Nepal parliament elects new PM | publisher = AFP via Google News }}</ref> Nepal announced his resignation as Prime Minister on 30 June 2010.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/south_asia/10464705.stm | work=BBC News | title=Nepal PM quits in live TV address | date=30 June 2010}}</ref> He was previously the General Secretary of ] for 15 years.<ref>]</ref> | |||
| * ], was born in ] of Mithila region of Nepal but settled in Mumbai, Bharat. He is a playback singer in commercial ], ], ], ], ], Garhwali, ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ] language cinema. Narayan has sung in 32 different languages.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=139917 |title= Destiny's child |accessdate=2009-01-26 |last= Suhasini |first= Lalitha |author2= |date= 19 July 2005 |work= The Indian Express |publisher=}}</ref> He has won three ] and five ]. In 2001, he was awarded the '''Prabal Gorkha Dakshin Bahu''' by the late ] ], and also awarded in 2009, ] by the ]. | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| *] | |||
| == References == | |||
| {{reflist|2}} | |||
| {{Provinces of Nepal}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 14:20, 17 January 2022
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