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== Listing of naval units, U.S./Coalition forces, Gulf War, January - February 1991 ==
Opening paragraph
{{See also|Organization of United States Naval Aviation Units in the Gulf War}}
This is the order of battle for the naval campaign in the ] between ] between 17 January 1991 – 28 February 1991.


* ''']''' (NAVCENT) <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Order of Battle for CENTCOM Naval Forces|url=http://www.tim-thompson.com/gwobnavy.html|access-date=2021-06-12|website=www.tim-thompson.com}} </ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Desert Storm|url=http://www.tim-thompson.com/desert-storm.html|access-date=2021-06-12|website=www.tim-thompson.com}}</ref>
==introduction==
**{{Flagicon|United States of America}} ]/forces in Persian Gulf
, giving an overview of the major trials, tribulations and conflicts, followed by the the main body of the article. The main body needs to acknowledge the legacy of the Imperial Russian Army and the First World War experience that created the Soviet Union, the Civil War, and war with Poland of course. These would represent the introduction to why and how the Red Army was created.
***]: ] and ]
***]: ] and ]
*** ]: ] and ]
*** ]
*** ]: ], ], ], ], ], and ]
*** ]
*** ]
*** ]
*** ]: ] and ]
***]
**{{Flagicon|United States of America}} '''United States Submarine Forces''' (in the Red Sea)<ref> ''US Navy''.</ref><!-- Information from the page: Coalition of the Gulf War -->
***]: ], ], and ]
**{{Flagicon|United States of America}} '''Task Force 156, Amphibious Force'''(Pokrant 1999 for title)
***]: ] – flagship, ]<ref>{{cite web|last=McMillan|first=Jon|date=5 March 2003|title='Harrier Carrier' On Station, Ready for Call to Action|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2003/03/mil-030305-nns01.htm|access-date=27 October 2015|website=GlobalSecurity.org}}</ref>
***{{Flagicon|United States of America}} '''United States Amphibious Group Alpha''' (Amphibious Squadron 5)
****Headquarters, Battalion Landing Team 1st Battalion, ]
****Marine Composite Helicopter Squadron 164
****Service Support Group 13
****]
****]
****]
****]
****]
****]<ref>Brown, pp. 11–12</ref>
*****'''Ground Element'''
******1st Battalion, ]
******3 Platoon, A Company, ]
******Detachment 13, ]
******1 Platoon, A Company, ]
******B Battery, 1st Battalion, ]
******1 Platoon, A Company, ]
*****'''Aviation Element''' (4 x ]) – all below have detachments from those units listed
******Marine Corps Air Station Tustin Contingent, ]
*******] (12 x ])
*******] (4 x ])
*******]
*******]
*******Marine Air Traffic Control Squadron 38
******Camp Pendleton Contingent, ]
*******Marine Light Attack Squadron 267 (4 x ])
*******]
*******]
*******] (5 x ])
*****'''Service Support Group 13''' – all below have detachments from those units listed
***{{Flagicon|United States of America}} '''United States Amphibious Group Bravo'''
****''']''' (4th MEB)<ref>Brown, pp. 20–26</ref>
*****'''Communications Section'''
******Detachment, ]
******Team detachments from the Marine All-source Fusion Center
******5th Counterintelligence Team
*****Detachment, 2nd Intelligence Company
*****2nd Force Imagery Interpretation Unit
*****Detachment, ]
*****2nd Remotely Piloted Vehicle Company
*****2nd Topographic Platoon
*****]
******Headquarters Company
******A Company, ]
******Companies B & D, ]
******A Company, ] (22 x ])
******1st Battalion, ]
******3rd Battalion, ]
******1st Battalion, ] (reinforced) (18 x ])
******A Company, ]
******A Company, ]
******Truck Company Detachment, ], ]
*****'''Brigade Service Support Group 4'''
******Headquarters Battalion, ]
******]
******]
******8th Motor Transport Battalion
******]
******]
******]
******]
******]
******2nd Military Police Company
*****''']'''
******Headquarters and Headquarters Squadron 28
******]
******]
******] (20 x ]) – embarked on the USS Nassau
******] (15 x ] and 6 x ])
******] (12 x ])
******] (12 x Boeing Vertol CH-46 Sea Knight)
******] (16 x ])
******A Battery, ]
******]
******Marine Wing Service Support Squadron 274
******Detachment B, ]
****{{Flagicon|United States of America}} '''Amphibious Ready Group 3'''
*****{{Flagicon|United States of America}} ], commanded by ] Peter J. Rowe (reporting directly to HQ, NAVCENT)<ref>Quilter, p. 10</ref> – contained the highest percentage of reserve units (except the ])<ref>Quilter, p. 65</ref> – ground later detached to ] (afloat)<ref group="Note">This force remained afloat off the Kuwaiti cost throughout most of operation Desert Storm; used primarily as a feint to pin down Iraqi forces along the coast, but the real option of an amphibious assault remained open until the rapid collapse of Iraqi ground forces became clear.</ref><ref>Quilter, p. 65</ref>
]
]


=== Task Force 155, Battle Force Yankee ===
==Historical Overview==
Battle Force Yankee included two carriers, including ''Saratoga,'' in the Red Sea under Rear Admiral Riley Mixson, Commander, ]/Task Force 155).<ref>Pokrant 1999.</ref>
of the development of the Ground Forces through its significant periods: formative (1925 - 1936), combat (1936 - 1946), transformative (1947 - 1961), consolidating (1962 - 1984), and final (1985 - 1993), and explain what happened for them to deserve these appellations (ok, not those actual words - I just used one word for what would be a sentence).


* {{Flagicon|United States of America}} '''Battle Force Yankee'''<ref name=":15">{{Cite web|title=USS John F. Kennedy (CV 67) Operation Desert Shield / Desert Storm Cruise Book 1990-91 - The Cruise|url=https://www.navysite.de/cruisebooks/cv67-91/034.htm|access-date=2020-06-11|website=www.navysite.de}}</ref>
==Higher direction - Politburo and MOD ==
**{{Flagicon|United States of America}} '''Kennedy Battle Group''' (Task Group 155.?)
Then go to the Structure and say how decisions were taken at strategic level, including the link to the Politburo,
***]
*** ]: ] and ]
*** ]
*** ]
*** ]
*** ]
*** ]
***{{Flagicon|United States of America}} ''']<ref name=":15" />'''
****] (])
****] (Grumman F-14 Tomcat)
****] (])
****] (LTV A-7 Corsair II)
****] (])
****] (])
****] (])
****] (])
****] (])
**{{Flagicon|United States of America}} ''']/Task Group 155.?'''
***] – flagship
***]
***]
*** ]
***]
*** ]: ] and ]
***{{Flagicon|United States of America}} ''']'''<ref group="Note">All U.S. Navy squadrons were assigned to Carrier Air Wing 17 (CVW-17) aboard the aircraft carrier USS ''Saratoga'' (CV-60) for a deployment to the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea from 7 August 1990 to 28 March 1991.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=1990–1999|url=http://public1.nhhcaws.local/browse-by-topic/communities/naval-aviation0/1990-1999.html|access-date=2021-06-13|website=public1.nhhcaws.local|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=CVW-17(AA)|url=http://www.gonavy.jp/CVW-AAf.html|access-date=2020-06-06|website=www.gonavy.jp}}</ref>
****] (])
****] (])
****] (McDonnel Douglas F/A-18 Hornet)
****] (Grumman F-14 Tomcat)
****] (])
****] (])
****] (])
****] (])
****] (])


] (top right), '']'' (top left), ] (bottom left) and ] (bottom right), as part of Battle Force Zulu in the Persian Gulf. Midway was the flagship of ].]]
==Administrative organisation==
]
Rifle forces, artillery, tank forces, engineers, signals, support organisations
{{Unreferencedsection|date=March 2008}}
Like other armies, the Red Army used administrative departments (called Directorates) to develop, train and equip the many combat Arms of Service troops and their Service Corps support echelons. These were:


=== Battle Force Zulu / TF 154 / Arabian Gulf Battle Force ===
:]
].]]
:]
* ] / ] Battle Group
:]
**'''Carrier Group Midway'''
:]
***] – Flagship of Battle Force Zulu
:]
*** ]: ] and ]
:]
*** ]: ] and ]
:]
*** ]s: ] and ]
:]
***''']'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=CVW-5(NF)/CV-41|url=http://www.gonavy.jp/CVW-NF2f.html|access-date=2020-06-06|website=www.gonavy.jp}}</ref>
:]
****] (])
:]
****] (McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet)
:]
****] (McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet)
:]
****] (])
:]
****] (Grumman A-6 Intruder)
:]
****] (])
:]
****] (])
:]
****] (])
:]
****] (]) – Detachment A till February 10, then Detachment B from then, on-board USS Bunker Hill
:]
**'''United States Carrier Group Ranger<ref name=":0" />'''
:]
***]
:]
*** ]: ] and ]
:]
*** ]: ] and ]
:]
*** ]
:]
***]
:]
*** ]
:]
***''']'''<ref name=":13">{{Cite web|title=CVW-2(NE)|url=http://www.gonavy.jp/CVW-NEf.html|access-date=2020-06-06|website=www.gonavy.jp}}</ref> – in 'Gruman Air Wing' format
:]
****] (])
:]
****] (Grumman F-14 Tomcat)
:]
****] (])
:]
****] (Grumman A-6 Intruder)
:]
****] (])
:]
****] (])
:] (])
****] (])
:]
****] (])
:]
****Detachment 61, ] (])
:]
****Detachment, ] (Grumman C-2 Greyhound)
:]
**{{Flagicon|United States of America}} '''United States Carrier Group Roosevelt<ref name=":0" />''' – in the Persian Gulf (later Red Sea)<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/archives/command-operations-reports/aviation-commands/vfa-strike-fighter-squadrons/vfa-15.html|title=VFA-15 Command History (1991)|publisher=VFA-15, United States Navy|year=1992}}</ref>
:]
***]
:]
***]
:]
*** ]
:]
:] *** ]
:] *** ]
*** ]
:]
*** ]
:]
*** ]
:]
*** ]
:]
***{{Flagicon|United States of America}} ''']<ref name=":22">{{Cite web|title=CVW-8(AJ)|url=http://www.gonavy.jp/CVW-AJf.html|access-date=2020-06-06|website=www.gonavy.jp}}</ref>'''
:]
****] (])
:]
****] (Grumman F-14 Tomcat)
:]
****] (])
:]
****] (McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet)
:]
****] (])
:]
****] (Grumman A-6 Intruder)
:]
****] (])
:]
****] (])
:]
****] (])
:]
****] (])
:]
****Detachment D, ] (])
:]
:]
:]
:]
:]


== Naval Forces Central Command (*master*) ==
==Operational organisation==
{{See also|Organization of United States Naval Aviation Units in the Gulf War}}
]
]
The Soviet division
] reported to ].
The corps, the ]
(iv) then the section on the organisation, and how that relates to the operational art as a doctrine.
->links to orders of battle by period ->A full OOB would be several separate articles, listing ~500++ divs in midwar, plus mech/tank corps, ~300(?) odd divs in 1946-7, and 200 odd divs in 1960s-80s.
Finally, the OOB and how and why the Ground Forces were organised, stationed and equipped in the way that they were.
There are good sources, primarily Simpkin and Glantz again (his job for US Army was in Soviet doctrine, not history).
:Do you mean ''Race to the Swift''? And which Glantz books? ] (]) 11:31, 3 April 2008 (UTC)


After arrival in-theatre in late 1990, Admiral Mauz "retained the ], designated CTG 150.1 , for most warfighting functions inside the Persian Gulf. Under this hat, Rear Admiral Fogarty would control only the half-dozen ships or so of the Middle East Force, augmented by the battleship ''Wisconsin'' when it arrived. Under a second hat, CTG 150.2, Fogarty would be the commander of the U.S. Maritime Interception Force. For this job, his authority would extend outside the Persian Gulf to ships operating in the North Arabian Sea and Red Sea, but only for interception operations."{{sfn|Pokrant|1999|p=20}} The CVBGs in the North Arabian Sea and Red Sea were designated Task Groups 150.4 and 150.5 respectively; the Amphibious and Landing Forces were CTG 150.6 and CTG 150.8 (Major General Jenkins). Rear Admiral Stephen S. Clarey was Commander U.S. Maritime Prepositioning Force, Task Group 150.7, which was disestablished on 12 September 1990.{{sfn|Pokrant|1999|p=21}}<ref>Shield and Sword: The United States Navy and the Persian Gulf War
::Yes, the late Brigadier wrote several books on the operational art, and was an expert on the Soviet doctrine bar none in terms of published material.
By Edward J. Marolda, Robert John Schneller, p.84.</ref>
::Glantz wrote Soviet Military Operational Art - In pursuit of deep battle which is not on his article. I would highly recommend it as it recapitulates the Simpkin research, and adds to it in a relatively slim volume. Somewhat more readable also because Simpkin wrote not only in the British style, but one from another era.

{{USS|Dwight D. Eisenhower|CVN-69}} transited from the Mediterranean/Suez Canal into the Red Sea on 8 August 1990 with {{USS|Ticonderoga}}, {{USS|John L. Hall}}, {{USS|Suribachi|AE-21}} and {{USNS|Neosho|T-AO-143}}, the last two underway replenishment ships (CH-90, pp13-14).<ref>{{Cite web|title=CVN-69 USS Dwight D. Eisenhower|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/archives/Collections/command-operations-reports/ships/d/dwight-d-eisenhower-cvn-69-i.html|access-date=2021-12-22|website=www.historycentral.com}}</ref> On 23-24 August, the Red Sea Battle Group was turned over to the {{USS|Saratoga}} group, and 'Eisenhower' and 'Ticonderoga' left Sixth Fleet on 3 September.
From 1 January 1991, the six carriers deployed were divided into Battle Force Yankee (two carriers, including ''Saratoga,'' in the Red Sea under Rear Admiral Riley Mixson, Commander, ]/Task Force 155) and ], Battle Force Zulu (four carriers in the Arabian Sea/Persian Gulf under Rear Admiral Daniel P. March, Commander, ]). TF 150 was Vice Admiral ] himself, TF 151 the Middle East Force, now including {{USS|Bunker Hill|CG-52|6}}, TG 150.3 Naval Logistics Support Force (Rear Admiral Bob Sutton), and TF 156 the amphibious force.{{sfn|Pokrant|1999}} ''Conduct of the Persian Gulf War'' Fig VII-3, lists the PG, Red Sea, and Middle East Forces; the Amphibious Force, the Logistics Support Force, at some points, the Mediterranean Strike Group, and NAVCENT Rep Riyadh.
==Criticisms(?)==

(vi) Lastly, you can include a section on "Suvorov" and his views as criticisms, something other articles on Armies lack completely as if no one has ever criticises then.
On 15 February, France placed one frigate, ],<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|title=La Marine dans la Guerre du Golfe|url=http://www.netmarine.net/g/dossiers/golfe/|access-date=2021-06-13|website=www.netmarine.net}}</ref> under U.S. operational control to escort Coalition combat logistics ships, but it was not authorised to take part in offensive operations.<ref>Conduct of the Persian Gulf War, 262.</ref>

** Commander, Naval Forces Central Command: ] ], CTF 150, {{USS|Blue Ridge|LCC-19}}

=== ], Task Force 150.1, Rear Admiral William M. Fogarty ===
<ref>https://www.usni.org/archives/memoirs/storm-sea-rear-admiral-william-m-fogarty</ref> {{USS|La Salle|AGF-3}}
*]s: ] and ]
* ]s: ] and ]
* {{USS|David R. Ray|DD-971}}
* ]: ], ], ], ], ], and ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]: ] and ]
* ]
* On 16 January 1991, {{USNS|Comfort|T-AH-20}} and {{USNS|Mercy|T-AH-19}} were within the Persian Gulf.{{sfn|Pokrant|1999|p=3}} Their exact task force assignment is not clear from Pokrant 1999.
** (Australian) Task Group Medical Support Element 2 (onboard USNS Comfort)
*Commander U.S. Maritime Interception Force, CTF 152, Rear Admiral Fogarty, ''La Salle''{{sfn|Morin|Gimblett|1997|p=185}}
**Netherlands, Danish, Norwegian, Spanish, Belgian, Italy, Argentine, Greek MIF tasking/ships
**U.S., UK, Australian, Canadian (CTG 302.2), French MIF tasking/ships

=== Task Force 156, Amphibious Force ===
*]: ] – flagship, ]<ref>{{cite web|last=McMillan|first=Jon|date=5 March 2003|title='Harrier Carrier' On Station, Ready for Call to Action|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2003/03/mil-030305-nns01.htm|access-date=27 October 2015|website=GlobalSecurity.org}}</ref>
***'''United States Persian Gulf Amphibious Group<ref name=":0" />'''
****]
**** ]
**** ]
**** ]: ] and ]
***'''United States Amphibious Group Alpha''' (Amphibious Squadron 5)
****Headquarters, Battalion Landing Team 1st Battalion, ]
****Marine Composite Helicopter Squadron 164
****Service Support Group 13
****]
****]
****]
****]
****]
****]<ref>Brown, pp. 11–12</ref>
*****'''Ground Element'''
******1st Battalion, ]
******3 Platoon, A Company, ]
******Detachment 13, ]
******1 Platoon, A Company, ]
******B Battery, 1st Battalion, ]
******1 Platoon, A Company, ]
*****'''Aviation Element''' (4 x ]) – all below have detachments from those units listed
******Marine Corps Air Station Tustin Contingent, ]
*******] (12 x ])
*******] (4 x ])
*******]
*******]
*******Marine Air Traffic Control Squadron 38
******Camp Pendleton Contingent, ]
*******Marine Light Attack Squadron 267 (4 x ])
*******]
*******]
*******] (5 x ])
*****'''Service Support Group 13''' – all below have detachments from those units listed
******Headquarters and Service Battalion
******]
******]
******]
******]
******]
******]
******]
******]
***{{Flagicon|United States of America}} '''United States Amphibious Group Bravo'''
****''']''' (4th MEB)<ref>Brown, pp. 20–26</ref>
*****'''Communications Section'''
******Detachment, ]
******Team detachments from the Marine All-source Fusion Center
******5th Counterintelligence Team
*****Detachment, 2nd Intelligence Company
*****2nd Force Imagery Interpretation Unit
*****Detachment, ]
*****2nd Remotely Piloted Vehicle Company
*****2nd Topographic Platoon
*****]
******Headquarters Company
******A Company, ]
******Companies B & D, ]
******A Company, ] (22 x ])
******1st Battalion, ]
******3rd Battalion, ]
******1st Battalion, ] (reinforced) (18 x ])
******A Company, ]
******A Company, ]
******Truck Company Detachment, ], ]
*****'''Brigade Service Support Group 4'''
******Headquarters Battalion, ]
******]
******]
******8th Motor Transport Battalion
******]
******]
******]
******]
******]
******2nd Military Police Company
*****''']'''
******Headquarters and Headquarters Squadron 28
******]
******]
******] (20 x ]) – embarked on the USS Nassau
******] (15 x ] and 6 x ])
******] (12 x ])
******] (12 x Boeing Vertol CH-46 Sea Knight)
******] (16 x ])
******A Battery, ]
******]
******Marine Wing Service Support Squadron 274
******Detachment B, ]
****{{Flagicon|United States of America}} '''Amphibious Ready Group 3'''
*****{{Flagicon|United States of America}} ], commanded by ] Peter J. Rowe (reporting directly to HQ, NAVCENT)<ref>Quilter, p. 10</ref> – contained the highest percentage of reserve units (except the ])<ref>Quilter, p. 65</ref> – ground later detached to ] (afloat)<ref>This force remained afloat off the Kuwaiti cost throughout most of operation Desert Storm; used primarily as a feint to pin down Iraqi forces along the coast, but the real option of an amphibious assault remained open until the rapid collapse of Iraqi ground forces became clear. Quilter, p. 65</ref>
]
]

=== Task Force 155, Battle Force Yankee ===
Battle Force Yankee included two carriers, including ''Saratoga,'' in the Red Sea under Rear Admiral Riley Mixson, Commander, ]/Task Force 155).<ref>Pokrant 1999.</ref>

*{{Flagicon|United States of America}} '''United States Submarine Forces''' (in the Red Sea)<ref> ''US Navy''.</ref><!-- Information from the page: Coalition of the Gulf War -->
**]: ], ], and ]
* {{Flagicon|United States of America}} '''Battle Force Yankee'''<ref name=":15">{{Cite web|title=USS John F. Kennedy (CV 67) Operation Desert Shield / Desert Storm Cruise Book 1990-91 - The Cruise|url=https://www.navysite.de/cruisebooks/cv67-91/034.htm|access-date=2020-06-11|website=www.navysite.de}}</ref>
**{{Flagicon|United States of America}} '''Kennedy Battle Group''' (Task Group 155.?)
***]
*** ]: ] and ]
*** ]
*** ]
*** ]
*** ]
*** ]
***{{Flagicon|United States of America}} ''']<ref name=":15" />'''
****] (])
****] (Grumman F-14 Tomcat)
****] (])
****] (LTV A-7 Corsair II)
****] (])
****] (])
****] (])
****] (])
****] (])
**{{Flagicon|United States of America}} ''']/Task Group 155.?'''
***] – flagship
***]
***]
*** ]
***]
*** ]: ] and ]
***{{Flagicon|United States of America}} ''']'''<ref group="Note">All U.S. Navy squadrons were assigned to Carrier Air Wing 17 (CVW-17) aboard the aircraft carrier USS ''Saratoga'' (CV-60) for a deployment to the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea from 7 August 1990 to 28 March 1991.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=1990–1999|url=http://public1.nhhcaws.local/browse-by-topic/communities/naval-aviation0/1990-1999.html|access-date=2021-06-13|website=public1.nhhcaws.local|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=CVW-17(AA)|url=http://www.gonavy.jp/CVW-AAf.html|access-date=2020-06-06|website=www.gonavy.jp}}</ref>
****] (])
****] (])
****] (McDonnel Douglas F/A-18 Hornet)
****] (Grumman F-14 Tomcat)
****] (])
****] (])
****] (])
****] (])
****] (])

]

=== Task Force 154, Battle Force Zulu ===
].]]
* ''']'''
** ]<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.history.navy.mil/research/archives/Collections/command-operations-reports/ships/h/halyburton-ffg-40-i/pdf/1991.pdf</ref>''' – in the Red Sea (later Persian Gulf)<ref>{{Cite web|title=USS America (CV 66) Operation Desert Storm Cruise Book 1991 - Operation Desert Storm|url=https://www.navysite.de/cruisebooks/cv66-91/090.htm|access-date=2020-06-11|website=www.navysite.de}}</ref>
*** ]
*** {{USS|Normandy|CG-60}}
*** ]
*** ]: ] and ]
*** ]
*** ]
*** ]
**'''United States Carrier Group Midway'''
***] – Flagship of Battle Force Zulu
*** ]s: ] and ]
*** ]s: ] and ]
*** ]: ] and ]
***''']'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=CVW-5(NF)/CV-41|url=http://www.gonavy.jp/CVW-NF2f.html|access-date=2020-06-06|website=www.gonavy.jp}}</ref>
****Strike Fighter Squadron 151 (]) (])
****] (McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet)
****] (McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet)
****] (])
****] (Grumman A-6 Intruder)
****] (])
****] (])
****] (])
****] (]) – Detachment A till February 10, then Detachment B from then, on-board USS Bunker Hill
**{{Flagicon|United States of America}} '''United States Carrier Group Ranger<ref name=":0" />'''
***]
*** ]: ] and ]
*** ]: ] and ]
*** ]
***]
*** ]
***''']'''<ref name=":13">{{Cite web|title=CVW-2(NE)|url=http://www.gonavy.jp/CVW-NEf.html|access-date=2020-06-06|website=www.gonavy.jp}}</ref> – in 'Gruman Air Wing' format
****] (])
****] (Grumman F-14 Tomcat)
****] (])
****] (Grumman A-6 Intruder)
****] (])
****] (])
****] (])
****] (])
****Detachment 61, ] (])
****Detachment, ] (Grumman C-2 Greyhound)
**{{Flagicon|United States of America}} '''United States Carrier Group Roosevelt<ref name=":0" />''' – in the Persian Gulf (later Red Sea)<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/archives/command-operations-reports/aviation-commands/vfa-strike-fighter-squadrons/vfa-15.html|title=VFA-15 Command History (1991)|publisher=VFA-15, United States Navy|year=1992}}</ref>
***]
***]
*** ]
*** ]
*** ]
*** ]
*** ]
*** ]
*** ]
***{{Flagicon|United States of America}} ''']<ref name=":22">{{Cite web|title=CVW-8(AJ)|url=http://www.gonavy.jp/CVW-AJf.html|access-date=2020-06-06|website=www.gonavy.jp}}</ref>'''
****] (])
****] (Grumman F-14 Tomcat)
****] (])
****] (McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet)
****] (])
****] (Grumman A-6 Intruder)
****] (])
****] (])
****] (])
****] (])
****Detachment D, ] (])

=== Coalition Naval Forces ===

* {{Flagicon|Canada}} '''Task Group 302.2, ]'''{{sfn|Morin|Gimblett|1997|p=185}}
** ]<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Canada|first=Veterans Affairs|date=2020-02-24|title=Gulf War - Canadian Armed Forces - History - Veterans Affairs Canada|url=https://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/remembrance/classroom/persian-gulf|access-date=2021-06-13|website=www.veterans.gc.ca}}</ref>
** ]
** ]
** ], ] (five ])
* {{Flagicon|Australia}} '''Task Group 627.4, ]'''<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-03-31|title=First Gulf War, 1990–1991 {{!}} Australian War Memorial|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331003633/https://www.awm.gov.au/atwar/gulf.asp|access-date=2021-06-13|website=web.archive.org}}</ref> (]) – dual role of providing an anti-aircraft screen for the US carrier groups, and intercepting Iraqi motor vessels<!-- Information mostly taken from the Operation Damask wiki page here. -->
** Task Group Medical Support Element 2 (onboard USS Comfort)
** ]<ref name=":11">{{Cite web|date=2012-03-31|title=First Gulf War, 1990–1991 {{!}} Australian War Memorial|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331003633/https://www.awm.gov.au/atwar/gulf.asp|access-date=2021-06-13|website=web.archive.org}}</ref>
** ]<ref name=":11" />
*** 1 x each of ] and ] – from ], ]
** ]<ref name=":11" />
*** Detachment, 111 Light Battery, ]
** ]<ref name=":11" />
** Logistic Support Element, in ], ]
*** Logistic Support Detachment, ]
*** Logistic Support Detachment, ]

=== Royal Navy, east of Suez ===
]
]
]
During the Gulf Conflict, the Royal Navy "had a pivotal role in joint operations". ] helicopters were tasked with finding and destroying ] vessels. A large element of the Royal Navy undertook the coalition's mine hunting in the northern Gulf. In clearing the Gulf of mines, the Royal Navy minehunters enabled the ] ] and ] to sail into Kuwaiti waters, from where they would fire their 16-inch guns on Iraqi positions ashore. The Type 42 destroyers provided air defence for these vessels, notably when {{HMS| Gloucester}} was able to intercept a missile fired at ''Missouri''.<ref name=Moorhouse>{{Cite web|last=Moorhouse|first=Dan|date=2021-02-27|title=Operation Granby: The 1st Gulf War.|url=https://schoolshistory.org.uk/topics/operation-granby-the-1st-gulf-war/|access-date=2021-06-13|website=Schoolshistory.org.uk|language=en-GB}}</ref> In total, the Fleet Air Arm destroy some 15 Iraqi patrol vessels, achieving a 93% hit rate, and accounting for <sup>1</sup>/<sub>4</sub> of all ships destroyed in the war.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|date=20 November 2008|title=Fleet Air Arm History: 1990's|url=https://www.fleetairarmoa.org/Content/sites/FAAOA/pages/178/20081120-cjj-final-decades90s.PDF|access-date=13 June 2021|website=Fleet Air Arm Officer's Association}}</ref>

Preliminary command arrangements for the ] detachment to be sent to the Gulf were made on 10 August 1990:
<blockquote>"The Joint Commander of British forces in the Gulf (the AOC-in-C Strike Command) assumed operational command of the Nimrod detachment, while operational control was vested in the Air Commander British Forces Arabian Peninsular. Tactical command of the Nimrod detachment was exercised by the Detachment Commander, who reported to the Air Commander, but it was accepted that tactical control (TACON) might be delegated to the Royal Navy Task Group already deployed in the Gulf, Task Group 321.1 (under the Commander Task Group (CTG 321.1), the Senior Naval Officer Middle East."{{sfn|Review|2016|p=209}}</blockquote>

It appears that command of Task Force 321 was retained by the ] at ] in the northwest of London. On 29 November 1990 Commodore ] relieved Commodore Paul Haddocks as Senior Naval Officer Middle East.{{sfn|Review|2016|p=18}}

*'''Commander Task Group 321.1/Senior Naval Officer Middle East''' (Commodore ] aboard {{HMS|London|F95}}{{sfn|Roberts|1999|p=211}})
** Naval Party 1036 (Field Hospital Enhancement Party)<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Naval Party, Royal Navy, 1942-1991 by Ben Warlow|url=https://naval-history.net/xBW-RNNavalParties.htm|access-date=2021-06-13|website=naval-history.net}}</ref>, onboard RFA Argus<ref name=":4">{{Citation|title='ALL OF A SUDDEN It Became Very Real' - Naval Veteran Recalls First Gulf War|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSZl4G2oFOg|language=en|access-date=2021-06-13}}</ref>
**Naval Party 1037 (Forward Diving Team)<ref name=":3" />
**Naval Party 1038 (Electronic Warfare Specialistis)<ref name=":3" />
**Naval Party 1039 (Preparation Sea King Helicopters for Gulf (under ]), based at ]<ref name=":3" />
**Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) Cell<ref name=":5">The London Gazette, ''''. Westminster, London, United Kingdom. Retrieved 13 June 2021</ref>
**]: ]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-02-01|title=RAF - British Forces involved in Operation Granby|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201133842/https://www.raf.mod.uk/history/BritishForcesinvolvedinOperationGranby.cfm|access-date=2021-06-13|website=web.archive.org}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Royal Navy Organisation and Ship Deployment 1947-2013|url=https://naval-history.net/xGW-RNOrganisation1947-2013.htm#5|access-date=2021-06-12|website=naval-history.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Explainer: The Royal Navy’s role in the Persian Gulf|url=https://www.naval-technology.com/features/explainer-the-royal-navys-role-in-the-persian-gulf/|access-date=2021-06-13|website=www.naval-technology.com|language=en-GB}}</ref>
**]: ]
**]:<ref name=":6">Sturtivant, p. 413</ref> ], ], ]<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|title=British Minehunters First To Hit Gulf Waters In Military Buildup With AM-Gulf Rdp, Bjt|url=https://apnews.com/article/d7e304a5b5a5c69b323c1fe73c901e96|access-date=2021-06-13|website=AP NEWS}}</ref><ref name=":5" />, ]<ref name=":7" /> and ]<ref name=Moorhouse />
**]: ]<ref name=":5" />, ], and ]
**]: ] and ] – both landed special forces<ref name="RichardsSmith114">{{cite journal|last=Richards|first=Bill|author2=Smith, Peter|date=December 2006|title=Onslow's Jolly Roger|journal=Signals|publisher=Australian National Maritime Museum|issue=77|page=11|issn=1033-4688}}</ref>
**]:<ref name=":7" />
***]
***]
***] – medical reception ship role<ref name=":4" />
***]
***]
***]: ] and ]
***]: ], ], ], and ]
**'''Mine Countermeasures ships'''<ref name=":2" />
****]: ] and ] – squadron flagship(s)
****]: ], ], ]<ref name=":7" />, ], ], ], ]<ref name=":7" />, and ]<ref name=":7" />
**''']'''<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Op Granby {{!}} Gulf-war {{!}} Britain's Small Wars|url=http://britains-smallwars.com/campaigns/gulfwar/page.php?art_url=op-granby|access-date=2021-06-13|website=britains-smallwars.com|language=en}}</ref>
***] (]) – deployed on the destroyers
***] (6 x Westland Sea King HC.4) – available for Medevac to RFA Argus if needed<ref name=Moorhouse />
***Several Flights from ] (30 x Westland Lynx )<ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-10-15|title=History : 829 : Naval Air Squadrons : Fleet Air Arm : Operations and Support : Royal Navy|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015000421/http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/server/show/conWebDoc.2146|access-date=2021-06-13|website=web.archive.org}}</ref>
**Elements, ], Royal Marines<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":8">{{Cite web|title=Royal Marines - Operations {{!}} History|url=https://www.eliteukforces.info/royal-marines/operations/|access-date=2021-06-13|website=www.eliteukforces.info}}</ref><ref name="RichardsSmith112">{{cite journal|last=Richards|first=Bill|author2=Smith, Peter|date=December 2006|title=Onslow's Jolly Roger|journal=Signals|publisher=Australian National Maritime Museum|issue=77|page=11|issn=1033-4688}}</ref>
**]<ref name=":4" />

Ashore supporting the ] was the Support Helicopter Force Middle East, which included a composite Royal Marine ] made up of six aircraft each from ] and ], totalling 12.<ref>Johann Price, </ref>

==== Royal Navy ====
*]:<ref name=":6">Sturtivant, p. 413</ref> ], ], ]<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|title=British Minehunters First To Hit Gulf Waters In Military Buildup With AM-Gulf Rdp, Bjt|url=https://apnews.com/article/d7e304a5b5a5c69b323c1fe73c901e96|access-date=2021-06-13|website=AP NEWS}}</ref><ref name=":5" />, ]<ref name=":7" /> and ]<ref name=":1" />
*]: ]<ref name=":5" />, ], and ]
*]: ], ], ], and ]
*]<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Op Granby {{!}} Gulf-war {{!}} Britain's Small Wars|url=http://britains-smallwars.com/campaigns/gulfwar/page.php?art_url=op-granby|access-date=2021-06-13|website=britains-smallwars.com|language=en}}</ref>
**] (]) – deployed on the destroyers
**] (6 x Westland Sea King HC.4) – available for Medevac to RFA Argus if needed<ref>{{Cite web|last=Moorhouse|first=Dan|date=2021-02-27|title=Operation Granby: The 1st Gulf War.|url=https://schoolshistory.org.uk/topics/operation-granby-the-1st-gulf-war/|access-date=2021-06-13|website=Schoolshistory.org.uk|language=en-GB}}</ref>
**Several Flights from ] (30 x Westland Lynx )<ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-10-15|title=History : 829 : Naval Air Squadrons : Fleet Air Arm : Operations and Support : Royal Navy|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015000421/http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/server/show/conWebDoc.2146|access-date=2021-06-13|website=web.archive.org}}</ref>
*Sources:<ref name=":0" />'''<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Royal Navy Organisation and Ship Deployment 1947-2013|url=https://naval-history.net/xGW-RNOrganisation1947-2013.htm#5|access-date=2021-06-12|website=naval-history.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-02-01|title=RAF - British Forces involved in Operation Granby|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201133842/https://www.raf.mod.uk/history/BritishForcesinvolvedinOperationGranby.cfm|access-date=2021-06-13|website=web.archive.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Explainer: The Royal Navy’s role in the Persian Gulf|url=https://www.naval-technology.com/features/explainer-the-royal-navys-role-in-the-persian-gulf/|access-date=2021-06-13|website=www.naval-technology.com|language=en-GB}}</ref>

=== Western European Naval Force ===
In September 1990, at one of the early coordinating meetings for the maritime interception operation, French and Italian representatives asked for a separate role for the naval units of the ] (WEU) states. The WEU states were therefore assigned a separate operating area off the United Arab Emirates.<ref>"Shield and Sword," 86-87.</ref> The WEU decided to place their ships under the operational command of the French ''Amiral Ocean Indien'' (]).<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|title=The Operation Southern Breeze|url=http://www.wielingen1991.org/en/mission_/the_operation.htm|access-date=2021-06-13|website=www.wielingen1991.org}}</ref>

* {{Flagicon|France}} '''Admiral Indian Ocean (ALINDIEN)'''
** {{Flagicon|France}}{{Flagicon|Kingdom of Belgium}}{{Flagicon|Kingdom of the Netherlands}} '''WEU Combined Mine Countermeasures Flotilla'''
*** {{Flagicon|France}} French Element
**** Mine Countermeasures Support Vessel: ]
**** ]: ], ], ], Pegase, Pluton, and ]
*** {{Flagicon|Kingdom of Belgium}} Belgian Element
**** Minehunters: ]<ref>{{Cite web|title=ZINNIA mine countermeasures support ship (1967)|url=https://www.navypedia.org/ships/belgium/be_ms_zinnia.htm|access-date=2021-06-13|website=www.navypedia.org}}</ref> and ]: ], ], and ] (from 27 February)
*** {{Flagicon|Kingdom of the Netherlands}} Dutch Element
**** Minehunters: ], ], and ]
** {{Flagicon|Portugal}} ''']<ref name=":0" />'''
*** Replenishment vessels: ] and NRP São Miguel – acting as a replenishment vessel for the Royal Navy
** {{Flagicon|France}} ] ''(Les Forces Français dans Le Golfe) (])<ref name=":10" />''
*** Frigate, ]
*** Escort Vessel, ]
*** Tanker, ]
** {{Flagicon|Kingdom of Belgium}} ] (])<ref name=":12" />
*** Frigate, ]

=== Royal Navy, Mediterranean ===
*''']/CTG 323.2''' (Rear Admiral ], Eastern Mediterranean)<ref>Iain Ballantyre, Strike from the Sea, Pen & Sword, 2004, 101-102.</ref><ref name=":2" />
** ]: ] – task group flagship
***] (Eight ])
***] (Westland Sea King)<ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-10-13|title=History : 814 : Naval Air Squadrons : Fleet Air Arm : Operations and Support : Royal Navy|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013173227/https://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/server/show/nav.2299|access-date=2021-06-13|website=web.archive.org}}</ref>
***] (Westland Sea King Mk 6)<ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-10-13|title=History : 820 : Naval Air Squadrons : Fleet Air Arm : Operations and Support : Royal Navy|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013174158/http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/server/show/nav.2309|access-date=2021-06-13|website=web.archive.org}}</ref>
**Escorts ''Sheffield,'' ''Charybdis,'' RFAs Olmeda, Regent{{sfn|Roberts|2009|p=211}}

=== Notes ===
<references group="Note" />
<references />

=== References ===
*{{Cite book|last=Brown|first=Lieutenant Colonel Ronald J.|title=United States Marines in the Persian Gulf, 1990–1991 with Marine Forces afloat in Desert Shield and Desert Storm|publisher=History and Museum Division, Headquarters, United States Marine Corps|year=1998|location=Washington, District of Columbia}}
*{{cite book|last=Dinackus|first=Thomas D.|title=Order of Battle: Allied Ground Forces of Operation Desert Storm|date=2000|publisher=Hellgate Press|isbn=1-55571-493-5|place=], Oregon|ref={{harvid|Dinackus|2000}}}}
* {{Cite book|last=Quilter II|first=Colonel Charles J.|title=United States Marines in the Persian Gulf, 1990–1991 with the I Marine Expeditionary Force in Desert Shield and Storm|publisher=History and Museums Division, Headquarters, United States Marine Corps|year=1993|location=District of Columbia, United States of America}}
*{{cite book|ref={{harvid|Morin|Gimblett|1997}}|authors=Jean H. Morin, Richard H. Gimblett|title=Operation Friction 1990-1991: The Canadian Forces in the Persian Gulf|publisher=Dundurn|date=1997|url=https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=NkAuxykLgR0C&pg=PA149&lpg=PA149&dq=%22CTG+150.2%22&source=bl&ots=8mtS_9xFUt&sig=ACfU3U2q_0HVGd-sAQf6Zngvj2sz5BYwlw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiV6KPIsZrxAhVFExoKHee3DYcQ6AEwBHoECAcQAw#v=onepage&q=%22Task%20Group%22&f=false|isbn=9781459713338}}
* {{cite book|ref={{harvid|Review|2016}}|author=Director Defence Studies RAF|title=Air Power Review: First Gulf War 25th Anniversary -Special Edition |date=Summer 2016| url=https://www.raf.mod.uk/what-we-do/centre-for-air-and-space-power-studies/documents1/air-power-review-vol-19-no-2-first-gulf-war-25th-anniversary-special/}}
* {{cite book |ref={{harvid|Pokrant|1999}}|title=Desert Shield at Sea: What the Navy Really Did: Volume 174 of Contributions in Military Studies |last=Pokrant |first=Marvin |year=1999 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=0313310238 |access-date=6 July 2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vrpTaObCXq8C }}
* {{cite book |ref={{harvid|Roberts|2009}}|author=John Roberts |title=Safeguarding the Nation: The Story of the Modern Royal Navy |publisher=Seaforth Publishing|date=April 2009}}
*{{cite journal|author=Robinson, Colin D.|title=The U.S. Navy's task forces: 1–199|journal=Defence and Security Analysis|volume=36|number=1|pages=109–110|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14751798.2020.1712028|date=January 2020}}

] ] ]]

Latest revision as of 09:05, 15 April 2022

Listing of naval units, U.S./Coalition forces, Gulf War, January - February 1991

See also: Organization of United States Naval Aviation Units in the Gulf War

This is the order of battle for the naval campaign in the Gulf War between United States and Coalition Forces between 17 January 1991 – 28 February 1991.

A U.S. Navy McDonnell Douglas F/A-18A from VFA-87 dropping Mk 82 bombs during a sortie in the 1991 Gulf War.
The U.S. Navy aircraft carriers USS John F. Kennedy (CV-67) and USS Saratoga (CV-60) underway, probably during the 1991 Gulf War in the Red Sea.

Task Force 155, Battle Force Yankee

Battle Force Yankee included two carriers, including Saratoga, in the Red Sea under Rear Admiral Riley Mixson, Commander, Carrier Group Two/Task Force 155).

Aircraft Carriers USS Theodore Roosevelt (top right), Midway (top left), Ranger (bottom left) and America (bottom right), as part of Battle Force Zulu in the Persian Gulf. Midway was the flagship of Battle Force Zulu.
Aircraft Carriers USS Theodore Roosevelt (top right), Midway (top left), Ranger (bottom left) and America (bottom right), as part of Battle Force Zulu in the Persian Gulf. Midway was the flagship of Battle Force Zulu.
Two F/A-18As from VFA-87 about to refuel from an A-6E from VA-36 during Desert Storm in 1991.
Two F/A-18As from VFA-87 about to refuel from an A-6E from VA-36 during Desert Storm in 1991.

Battle Force Zulu / TF 154 / Arabian Gulf Battle Force

Aircraft Carriers USS Theodore Roosevelt (top right), Midway (top left), Ranger (bottom left) and America (bottom right), as part of Battle Force Zulu in the Persian Gulf. Midway was the flagship of Battle Force Zulu.
Ships of Battle Force Zulu / TF 154 after the ceasefire. Midway was the flagship of Battle Force Zulu.

Naval Forces Central Command (*master*)

See also: Organization of United States Naval Aviation Units in the Gulf War
USS Sacramento (AOE-1), center, conducts an underway replenishment with USS Wisconsin (BB-64), foreground, and USS Missouri (BB-63) during Operation Desert Shield, 14 January 1991.

Naval Forces Central Command reported to United States Central Command.

After arrival in-theatre in late 1990, Admiral Mauz "retained the Middle East Force, designated CTG 150.1 , for most warfighting functions inside the Persian Gulf. Under this hat, Rear Admiral Fogarty would control only the half-dozen ships or so of the Middle East Force, augmented by the battleship Wisconsin when it arrived. Under a second hat, CTG 150.2, Fogarty would be the commander of the U.S. Maritime Interception Force. For this job, his authority would extend outside the Persian Gulf to ships operating in the North Arabian Sea and Red Sea, but only for interception operations." The CVBGs in the North Arabian Sea and Red Sea were designated Task Groups 150.4 and 150.5 respectively; the Amphibious and Landing Forces were CTG 150.6 and CTG 150.8 (Major General Jenkins). Rear Admiral Stephen S. Clarey was Commander U.S. Maritime Prepositioning Force, Task Group 150.7, which was disestablished on 12 September 1990.

USS Dwight D. Eisenhower (CVN-69) transited from the Mediterranean/Suez Canal into the Red Sea on 8 August 1990 with USS Ticonderoga, USS John L. Hall, USS Suribachi (AE-21) and USNS Neosho (T-AO-143), the last two underway replenishment ships (CH-90, pp13-14). On 23-24 August, the Red Sea Battle Group was turned over to the USS Saratoga group, and 'Eisenhower' and 'Ticonderoga' left Sixth Fleet on 3 September.

From 1 January 1991, the six carriers deployed were divided into Battle Force Yankee (two carriers, including Saratoga, in the Red Sea under Rear Admiral Riley Mixson, Commander, Carrier Group Two/Task Force 155) and Task Force 154, Battle Force Zulu (four carriers in the Arabian Sea/Persian Gulf under Rear Admiral Daniel P. March, Commander, Carrier Group Five). TF 150 was Vice Admiral Henry H. Mauz, Jr. himself, TF 151 the Middle East Force, now including USS Bunker Hill, TG 150.3 Naval Logistics Support Force (Rear Admiral Bob Sutton), and TF 156 the amphibious force. Conduct of the Persian Gulf War Fig VII-3, lists the PG, Red Sea, and Middle East Forces; the Amphibious Force, the Logistics Support Force, at some points, the Mediterranean Strike Group, and NAVCENT Rep Riyadh.

On 15 February, France placed one frigate, Jean de Vienne (D-643), under U.S. operational control to escort Coalition combat logistics ships, but it was not authorised to take part in offensive operations.

Middle East Force, Task Force 150.1, Rear Admiral William M. Fogarty

USS La Salle (AGF-3)

Task Force 156, Amphibious Force

A U.S. Navy McDonnell Douglas F/A-18A from VFA-87 dropping Mk 82 bombs during a sortie in the 1991 Gulf War.
The U.S. Navy aircraft carriers USS John F. Kennedy (CV-67) and USS Saratoga (CV-60) underway, probably during the 1991 Gulf War in the Red Sea.

Task Force 155, Battle Force Yankee

Battle Force Yankee included two carriers, including Saratoga, in the Red Sea under Rear Admiral Riley Mixson, Commander, Carrier Group Two/Task Force 155).

Two F/A-18As from VFA-87 about to refuel from an A-6E from VA-36 during Desert Storm in 1991.
Two F/A-18As from VFA-87 about to refuel from an A-6E from VA-36 during Desert Storm in 1991.

Task Force 154, Battle Force Zulu

Aircraft Carriers USS Theodore Roosevelt (top right), Midway (top left), Ranger (bottom left) and America (bottom right), as part of Battle Force Zulu in the Persian Gulf. Midway was the flagship of Battle Force Zulu.
Ships of Battle Force Zulu / TF 154 after the ceasefire. Midway was the flagship of Battle Force Zulu.

Coalition Naval Forces

Royal Navy, east of Suez

A Lynx helicopter of the Royal Navy flies over the Greek destroyer HS Kriezis (DD-217), part of Operation Desert Shield.
A Royal Navy Type 22 frigate underway in the Red Sea, in 1991. The ship is either HMS Battleaxe (F89) or HMS Brazen (F91).
A Royal Navy Westland Sea Lynx HAS.3 aboard the U.S. Navy destroyer USS Leftwich (DD-984) during the 1991 Gulf War.

During the Gulf Conflict, the Royal Navy "had a pivotal role in joint operations". Westland Lynx helicopters were tasked with finding and destroying Iraqi Navy vessels. A large element of the Royal Navy undertook the coalition's mine hunting in the northern Gulf. In clearing the Gulf of mines, the Royal Navy minehunters enabled the battleships USS Missouri and USS Wisconsin to sail into Kuwaiti waters, from where they would fire their 16-inch guns on Iraqi positions ashore. The Type 42 destroyers provided air defence for these vessels, notably when HMS Gloucester was able to intercept a missile fired at Missouri. In total, the Fleet Air Arm destroy some 15 Iraqi patrol vessels, achieving a 93% hit rate, and accounting for /4 of all ships destroyed in the war.

Preliminary command arrangements for the BAe Nimrod detachment to be sent to the Gulf were made on 10 August 1990:

"The Joint Commander of British forces in the Gulf (the AOC-in-C Strike Command) assumed operational command of the Nimrod detachment, while operational control was vested in the Air Commander British Forces Arabian Peninsular. Tactical command of the Nimrod detachment was exercised by the Detachment Commander, who reported to the Air Commander, but it was accepted that tactical control (TACON) might be delegated to the Royal Navy Task Group already deployed in the Gulf, Task Group 321.1 (under the Commander Task Group (CTG 321.1), the Senior Naval Officer Middle East."

It appears that command of Task Force 321 was retained by the Commander-in-Chief Fleet at Northwood Headquarters in the northwest of London. On 29 November 1990 Commodore Chris Craig relieved Commodore Paul Haddocks as Senior Naval Officer Middle East.

Ashore supporting the 1st (UK) Armoured Division was the Support Helicopter Force Middle East, which included a composite Royal Marine Westland Sea King HC.4 made up of six aircraft each from 845 Naval Air Squadron and 848 Naval Air Squadron, totalling 12.

Royal Navy

Western European Naval Force

In September 1990, at one of the early coordinating meetings for the maritime interception operation, French and Italian representatives asked for a separate role for the naval units of the Western European Union (WEU) states. The WEU states were therefore assigned a separate operating area off the United Arab Emirates. The WEU decided to place their ships under the operational command of the French Amiral Ocean Indien (ALINDIEN).

Royal Navy, Mediterranean

Notes

  1. This force remained afloat off the Kuwaiti cost throughout most of operation Desert Storm; used primarily as a feint to pin down Iraqi forces along the coast, but the real option of an amphibious assault remained open until the rapid collapse of Iraqi ground forces became clear.
  2. All U.S. Navy squadrons were assigned to Carrier Air Wing 17 (CVW-17) aboard the aircraft carrier USS Saratoga (CV-60) for a deployment to the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea from 7 August 1990 to 28 March 1991.
  3. All U.S. Navy squadrons were assigned to Carrier Air Wing 17 (CVW-17) aboard the aircraft carrier USS Saratoga (CV-60) for a deployment to the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea from 7 August 1990 to 28 March 1991.
  1. ^ "Order of Battle for CENTCOM Naval Forces". www.tim-thompson.com. Retrieved 2021-06-12.
  2. "Desert Storm". www.tim-thompson.com. Retrieved 2021-06-12.
  3. "Gulf War: January 1991." US Navy.
  4. McMillan, Jon (5 March 2003). "'Harrier Carrier' On Station, Ready for Call to Action". GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
  5. Brown, pp. 11–12
  6. Brown, pp. 20–26
  7. Quilter, p. 10
  8. Quilter, p. 65
  9. Quilter, p. 65
  10. Pokrant 1999.
  11. ^ "USS John F. Kennedy (CV 67) Operation Desert Shield / Desert Storm Cruise Book 1990-91 - The Cruise". www.navysite.de. Retrieved 2020-06-11.
  12. "1990–1999". public1.nhhcaws.local. Retrieved 2021-06-13.
  13. "CVW-17(AA)". www.gonavy.jp. Retrieved 2020-06-06.
  14. "CVW-5(NF)/CV-41". www.gonavy.jp. Retrieved 2020-06-06.
  15. ^ "CVW-2(NE)". www.gonavy.jp. Retrieved 2020-06-06.
  16. VFA-15 Command History (1991). VFA-15, United States Navy. 1992.
  17. ^ "CVW-8(AJ)". www.gonavy.jp. Retrieved 2020-06-06.
  18. Pokrant 1999, p. 20.
  19. Pokrant 1999, p. 21.
  20. Shield and Sword: The United States Navy and the Persian Gulf War By Edward J. Marolda, Robert John Schneller, p.84.
  21. "CVN-69 USS Dwight D. Eisenhower". www.historycentral.com. Retrieved 2021-12-22.
  22. Pokrant 1999.
  23. ^ "La Marine dans la Guerre du Golfe". www.netmarine.net. Retrieved 2021-06-13.
  24. Conduct of the Persian Gulf War, 262.
  25. https://www.usni.org/archives/memoirs/storm-sea-rear-admiral-william-m-fogarty
  26. Pokrant 1999, p. 3.
  27. ^ Morin & Gimblett 1997, p. 185.
  28. McMillan, Jon (5 March 2003). "'Harrier Carrier' On Station, Ready for Call to Action". GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
  29. Brown, pp. 11–12
  30. Brown, pp. 20–26
  31. Quilter, p. 10
  32. Quilter, p. 65
  33. This force remained afloat off the Kuwaiti cost throughout most of operation Desert Storm; used primarily as a feint to pin down Iraqi forces along the coast, but the real option of an amphibious assault remained open until the rapid collapse of Iraqi ground forces became clear. Quilter, p. 65
  34. Pokrant 1999.
  35. "Gulf War: January 1991." US Navy.
  36. "1990–1999". public1.nhhcaws.local. Retrieved 2021-06-13.
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References

Category:Orders of battle Category:Naval units and formations Category:United States Navy in the 20th centuryCategory:20th-century history of the Royal Navy