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{{for|the photographic camera type|Rangefinder camera}} |
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#REDIRECT ] |
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{{redirect-distinguish|Range scanner|3D scanner}} |
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{{main list|Length, distance, or range meter}} |
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{{more footnotes|date=December 2010}} |
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] of ]]] |
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A '''rangefinder''' is a device that measures distance from the observer to a target, in a process called '''ranging'''. |
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{{Rcat shell| |
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==Techniques== |
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{{R from move}} |
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Active methods use unilateral transmission and passive reflection. Active rangefinding methods include ], ], ], ] and ]. |
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{{R with history}} |
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{{R printworthy}} |
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Other devices measure distance using ] are ], ] and ]s. Older methodologies that use a set of known information (usually distance or target sizes) to make the measurement, have been in regular use since the 18th century. |
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}} |
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Special ranging makes use of actively synchronized transmission and ] measurements. The time difference between several received signals is used to determine exact distances. This principle is used in ]. In conjunction with a standardized model of the Earth's surface, a location on that surface may be determined with high accuracy. Ranging methods without accurate time synchronization of the receiver are called ], used, for example, in ] positioning. |
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With other systems ranging is obtained from passive radiation measurements only: the ] or ] ] of the object generates the signal that is used to determine range. This ] method requires multiple measurements to obtain a range by taking multiple bearings instead of appropriate ] of active ], otherwise the system is just capable of providing a simple ] from any single measurement. |
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Ranging is the term applied to distance measurement with moving objects. Combining several measurements in a time sequence leads to ]. A commonly used term for residing terrestrial objects is ]. |
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==Applications== |
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Applications include ], ], to assist focusing in ], choosing a ] according to distance, and correcting aim of a projectile ] for distance. |
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===Golf=== |
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]s are used for many things today, including golf. People can use this technology not only to measure the yardage of a particular shot but to gauge slope and wind as well. The technology makes it very simple to obtain yardage. In a typical rangefinder, one aims the reticle at the flagstick and presses a button to get the yardage. There has been debate over whether they should be allowed in tournaments. While their use is banned on the professional level, they are becoming widely used on the amateur level.<ref>"Golf Rangefinder Comparison Chart at Golfsmith." Golf Rangefinder Comparison Chart at Golfsmith. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Nov. 2014.</ref><ref>"While We're Young, USGA." Golf.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Nov. 2014.</ref> |
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===Ballistics=== |
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Rangefinders may be used by users of ]s over long distances, to measure the distance to a target to allow for projectile drop.<ref>Farey, Pat and Spicer, Mark (2009) ''Sniping: An Illustrated History'' Zenith Press, Grand Rapids, Michigan, , {{ISBN|978-0-7603-3717-2}}</ref> The ] displays a luminous dot that may alert a target. Until the development of electronic means of measuring range during the ], warships used very large optical rangefinders—with a baseline of many meters—to measure range for naval gunnery. |
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===Forestry=== |
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Rangefinders are used for surveying in forestry. Special devices with anti-leaf filters are used. |
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===Virtual reality=== |
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Since the 1990s, rangefinders have been used in ] systems to detect operator movements and locate objects.<ref>Kidd, Cory D. ''et al.'' (1999) "The aware home: A living laboratory for ubiquitous computing research" ''Lecture Notes in Computer Science'' 1670: pp. 191–198, {{doi|10.1007/10705432_17}}</ref> |
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== See also == |
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* ] |
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* ] |
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* ] |
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* ] |
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* ] |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==Further reading== |
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* The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. "Range Finder (instrument)." Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, n.d. Web. 06 Nov. 2014. |
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* "How Google's Self-Driving Car Works." IEEE Spectrum. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2014. |
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===Ballistics=== |
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* Army Test and Evaluation Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground Maryland (1969) ''Laser Rangefinders'' Ft. Belvoir ], U.S. Army, Ft. Belvoir, Virginia, {{OCLC|227620848}} 20 pages (early history of the use of lasers in rangefinders) |
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* Gething, Michael J. (1993) ''Airborne Weapons: A Defence Handbook: A compilation of articles from Defence magazine over the last five years, charting the development of Airborne Weapons since 1987'' Cardiff Publishing Company, Englewood, Colorado, {{ISBN|1-881289-11-7}}, 44 pages |
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* Infantry and Cavalry School (1905) (series: Infantry and Cavalry School Lectures 1902-1910) Staff College Press, U.S. Army, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, {{OCLC|278057724}}, 35 pages |
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===Photography=== |
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* Photographic and Imaging Manufacturers Association (1999) ''American national standard for photography (optics) : rangefinders and other focusing aids – performance specifications'' (revision and redesignation of "ANSI PH3.619-1988" as "ANSI/PIMA IT3.619-1998") American National Standards Institute, New York, {{OCLC|41501265}}, 14 pages |
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* Hicks, Roger and Schultz, Frances (2003) ''Rangefinder: Equipment, History, Techniques'' Guild of Master Craftsman, Lewes, United Kingdom, {{ISBN|1-86108-330-0}} |
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===Surveying=== |
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* Ehlert, Detlef; Adamek, Rolf and Horn, Hans-Juergen (2009) "" ''Precision Agriculture'' 10(5): pp. 395–408 |
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* Infantry and Cavalry School (1905) (series: Infantry and Cavalry School Lectures 1902-1910) Staff College Press, U.S. Army, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, {{OCLC|278057724}}, 35 pages |
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* Whitehouse, J. C. (2005) "" ''Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control'' 27(4): pp. 297–316 |
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===Virtual space=== |
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* Ward, A.; Jones, A and Hopper, A. (1997) "" ''IEEE Personal Communications'' 4(5): pp. 42–47 |
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* Werb, J. and Lanzi, C. (1998) "" ''IEEE Spectrum'' 35(9): pp. 71–78 |
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== External links == |
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{{Commonscat|Rangefinders}} |
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* ] monthly, February 1919, page 118-120, Scanned by Google Books] |
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* "Distance calculator - Calculates the exact distance between places" |
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* "Rangefinder Comparison - A National Forest Service document" |
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* "Light Pulse Generator for rangefinder testing" |
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