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<!-- Infobox begins -->
{{Infobox City
|official_name = Kyiv
|other_name = Kyiv
|native_name = Київ
|image_skyline = Kyivv Mikhail Arhangel modern square.jpg
|image_caption = A monument to ], the patron of Kyiv, with ] in the background
|image_flag = Kyiv flag.png
|image_shield = Kiew-city-COA.PNG
|shield_size = 75px
|image_map = Map of Ukraine political simple city Kiew.png
|map_caption = Map of Ukraine with Kiev highlighted
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = ]
|subdivision_type1 = ]
|subdivision_name1 = Kyiv City Municipality
|subdivision_type2 = Raion
|subdivision_name2 = ]
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_name = ]
|population_as_of = 2006
|population_total = 4,450,968
|population_density_km2 = 3299
|timezone = EET
|utc_offset = +2
|timezone_DST = EEST
|utc_offset_DST = +3
|latd=50 |latm=27 |lats=00 |latNS=N
|longd=30 |longm=31 |longs=24 |longEW=E
|elevation_m = 179
|postal_code_type = Postal code
|postal_code = 01xxx-04xxx
|area_code = +380 44
|blank_name = ]
|blank_info = AA (before 2004: КА,КВ,КЕ,КН,КІ,KT)
|blank1_name = ]
|blank1_info = <small>], ], ],<br />], ], ],<br />], ], ],<br />], ], ], ],<br />], ], ], ],<br />], ], ],<br />], ],<br />], ], ], ],<br />], ], ],<br />], ], ], ] </small>
|website = http://www.kmr.gov.ua
}}


{{Redirect category shell|
'''Kyiv''' (]: {{Audio|Kyiv.ogg|Київ}}, ''Kyyiv'', ]: {{IPA|}}; ]: {{Audio|ru-Kiev.ogg|Ки́ев}}, ''Kiyev''; see also ]), is the ] and the largest city of ], located in the north central part of the country on the ] river. In 2005 Kiev had 2,660,401 inhabitants,<ref name="Citypop.">. URL accessed July 28, 2006</ref> and this figure continues to grow.
{{R from move}}

{{R from alternative language|ru|uk}}
Kiev is an important industrial, scientific, educational and cultural center of ]. It is home to many high-tech industries, ] institutions and world-famous historical landmarks. The city has an extensive infrastructure and highly developed system of ], including the ].
{{R from alternative spelling}}

{{R printworthy}}
The name Kiev is said to derive from the name of ], one of four legendary founders of the city (brothers Kyi, Shchek, Khoryv and sister Lybid'). During ], Kiev, one of the oldest cities in ], passed through several stages of great prominence and relative obscurity. The city is believed to have been founded in the 5th century as a trading post in the land of ]. It gradually acquired eminence as the center of the ], becoming in the tenth to twelfth centuries a political and cultural capital of ], a ] East Slavic state. Completely destroyed during the ] in 1240, the city lost most of its influence for the centuries to come. It was a provincial capital of marginal importance in the outskirts of the territories controlled by its powerful neighbors: first the ], followed by the ] and ]. The city prospered again during the Russian ] in the late 19th century. After the ] following the ], from 1921 onwards Kiev was an important city of the ], and, since 1934, its capital. During ], the city again suffered significant damage, but quickly recovered in the post-war years remaining the third largest city of ].

Following the ] and the ] of 1991, Kiev remained the capital of ].

== Environment ==
=== Geography ===
] image of Kiev and the Dnieper River]]

Kiev is located on both sides of the ], which flows south through the city towards the ]. Its ] are {{coor dms |50|27|00|N|30|31|24|E|type:city(2600000)_scale:300000_region:ua}}. Geographically, Kiev belongs to the ] ecological zone (a part of the European mixed woods). However, the city's unique landscape distinguishes it from the surrounding region. The older right-bank (''western'') part of Kiev is represented by numerous woody hills, ravines and small rivers. It is a part of the larger Prydniprovska (''near-Dnieper'') upland adjoining the western bank of the Dnieper. The city expanded to the Dnieper's left-bank (''to the east'') only in the 20th century. Significant areas of the Dnieper valley were artificially sand-deposited, and are protected by ]s.

The Dnieper River forms a branching system of ], isles, and harbors within the city limits. The city is adjoined by the mouth of the ] and the ] in the north, and the ] in the south. Both the Dnieper and Desna rivers are ] at Kiev, although regulated by the reservoir shipping locks and limited by winter freeze-over.

=== Climate ===
Kiev has a ] ], although it has changed significantly during recent decades. The warmest months are June, July, and August, with mean temperatures of 13.8 to 24.8°C (56.9 to 76.7°F). The coldest are December, January, and February, with mean temperatures of −4.6 to -1.1°C (23.7 to 30.0°F). The highest ever temperature recorded in the city was 39.4°C (103.0°F) on ] ]. The coldest temperature ever recorded in the city was -32.2°C (-26.0°F) on ] & ] ]. Snow cover usually lies from mid-November to the end of March, with the frost-free period lasting 180 days on average, but surpassing 200 days in recent years.<ref name="Beijing"> URL accessed on July 28, 2006</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color: #000080" height="17" | Month
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Jan
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Feb
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Mar
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Apr
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | May
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Jun
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Jul
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Aug
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Sep
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Oct
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Nov
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Dec
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Year
|-
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Avg high °C (°F)
| style="background: #6633CC; color: black;" | -3 (27)
| style="background: #9999CC; color: black;" | -1 (30)
| style="background: #99FF33; color: black;" | 4 (40)
| style="background: #339933; color: black;" | 14 (57)
| style="background: #FFDD00; color: black;" | 21 (69)
| style="background: #FF8800; color: black;" | 24 (74)
| style="background: #FF8800; color: black;" | 25 (76)
| style="background: #FF8800; color: black;" | 24 (75)
| style="background: #FFDD00; color: black;" | 19 (66)
| style="background: #339933; color: black;" | 12 (54)
| style="background: #99FF33; color: black;" | 4 (40)
| style="background: #9999CC; color: black;" | 0 (32)
| style="background: #339933; color: black;" | 12 (53)
|-
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" height="16;" | Avg low °C (°F)
| style="background: #660099; color: black;" | -8 (17)
| style="background: #6633CC; color: black;" | -7 (20)
| style="background: #6633CC; color: black;" | -2 (28)
| style="background: #99FF33; color: black;" | 5 (41)
| style="background: #339933; color: black;" | 11 (51)
| style="background: #339933; color: black;" | 14 (57)
| style="background: #339933; color: black;" | 15 (59)
| style="background: #339933; color: black;" | 14 (58)
| style="background: #339933; color: black;" | 10 (50)
| style="background: #99FF33; color: black;" | 5 (41)
| style="background: #9999CC; color: black;" | 0 (32)
| style="background: #6633CC; color: black;" | -5 (24)
| style="background: #99FF33; color: black;" | 4 (40)
|-
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Avg rainfall in mm (inches)
| style="background: #66CCFF;" | 48 (1.9)
| style="background: #66CCFF;" | 46 (1.8)
| style="background: #66CCFF;" | 39 (1.5)
| style="background: #66CCFF;" | 48 (1.9)
| style="background: #2288BB;" | 53 (2.1)
| style="background: #2288BB;" | 73 (2.9)
| style="background: #2266AA;" | 88 (3.5)
| style="background: #2288BB;" | 69 (2.7)
| style="background: #66CCFF;" | 47 (1.8)
| style="background: #66CCFF;" | 35 (1.4)
| style="background: #2288BB;" | 51 (2.0)
| style="background: #2288BB;" | 52 (2.0)
| style="background: #2288BB;" | 54 (2.1)
|-
| colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"|''Source: World Weather Information Service''<ref> URL accessed July 29, 2006</ref>
|}

== History ==
{{main|History of Kiev}}

Kiev is one of the oldest and most important cities of ] with a pivotal role in the development of the medieval ] civilization as well as in the modern ].

People have lived on the site of Kiev since before the existence of any historic records. The settlement at the site of the modern city may have been founded as early as the fifth or the sixth century AD.<ref name=foundation>In an absense of historic records the "accepted" date of foundation is often subject to non-historic or even political speculations. Still, the article in ] states: "
The village that became the modern city may have been founded as early as the 6th century AD." The ] in states: "It probably existed as a commercial center as early as the 5th cent."</ref> With the exact time of city foundation being hard to determine, May 1982 was chosen to celebrate the city's 1,500th anniversary.

During the eighth and ninth centuries, Kiev was an outpost of the ] empire. Starting from some point during the late ninth century Kiev was ruled by the ] nobility and became the nucleus of the ] polity, which became known as ] during the ] of Kiev (eleventh to early twelfth centuries). In 1240 the ] led by ] completely destroyed Kiev, an event that had a profound effect on the future of the city and the ]. At the time of the Mongol destruction, Kiev was reputed as one of the largest cities in the world, with a population exceeding one hundred thousand.

From 1362, the area, with a largely diminished city, ] by ] for the ]. From 1569 the city was controlled by the ], as a capital of ], transferred by then to the ]. In the 17th century, was Kiev was transferred under rule of ]. In the ] Kiev was a primary Christian center, the attraction of piligrims and the craddle of many of the empire's most important religious figures, but until the 19th century the city's commercial importance remained marginal.

].]]
Kiev prospered again during the ] in the late nineteenth century when it became the third most important city of the Russian Empire, the major center of commerce of the Empire's southwest. In the turbulent period following the ], Kiev became the capital of several ] and was caught in the middle of several conflicts: ], the ], and the ]. From 1921 the city was a part of ], a founding republic of ]. In 1932-33 the city was affected by the devastating man-made famine known as ]. While there was no famine for those who had ration cards distributed to workers, thousands of peasants from the rural areas were banned from the state food stores and were often dying on the streets.<ref>]. The harvest of sorrow: Soviet collectivization and the terror-famine. New York; Oxford. Oxford University Press, 1986</ref>. Since 1934, Kiev became the capital of ]. The city boomed again during the years of the Soviet industrialization as it population grew rapidly and many industrial giants were built that exist to this day.

In ], the city again suffered significant damage, but quickly recovered in the post-war years, becoming once again the third most important city of the Soviet Union. The ] located only some 100 km to the north from the city affected the city, which had surpassed two million inhabitants, but to a lesser extent than it was feared as the northward wind blew the most substantial radioactive debris away from the city.

In the wake of the ] the ] was proclaimed in the city by the ] on August 24, 1991. Kiev now remains the capital of independent ].

== Government ==
{{main|Legal status and local government of Kiev}}
] building at the ] street.]]

The ] of the city of Kiev has a unique legal status within Ukraine compared to the other ]. The most significant difference is that the city is subordinated directly to the national-level branches of the ], skipping the ] of ]. Additionally, the leading governmental position is held by the locally elected, rather than appointed, figure, the ], and the municipal self-governance institutions have a higher than elsewhere in Ukraine latitude in the local affairs.

=== Subdivisions ===
{{Main|Subdivisions of Kiev}}
].]]
Administratively, the city is divided into "]s" ("districts"), which have their local governments with jurisdiction over a limited scope of affairs. Presently, there are 10 raions.

Besides these, Kiev is informally divided into historical or territorial neighborhoods, each housing from about 5,000 to 100,000 inhabitants.

The natural first level of subdivision of the city is into the Right Bank and the ] of the Dnieper. The Right Bank, located on the west side of the river, contains the older portions of the city.

:''See also: ]

== Demographics ==
{{Histpop|
]|846,724|''N/A''|
]|930,000|+9.8%|
]|180,000|-80.6%|
]|1,104,334|+513.5%|
]|1,174,000|+6.3%|
]|2,144,000|+82.6%|
]|2,587,945|+20.7%|
]|2,611,327|+0.9%|
]|2,660,401|+1.8%|
}} }}

As of the ] conducted in 2001, the population of Kiev is 2,611,300.<ref> URL accessed on June 20, 2006</ref> Please consult the table to the right for Kiev's historical populations.<ref name="Citypop.">. URL accessed July 28, 2006</ref> According to the census, the number of men accounted for 1,219,000 persons, or 46.7%, and that of women – 1,393,000 persons, or 53.3%. The comparison with the results of the previous census (1989) shows the trend of ] which, while common for the country overall, is partly offset in Kiev by the inflow of the migrants of the working age.

According to the census data, more than 130 nationalities and ethnic groups reside within the territory of Kiev. Ukrainians constitute the largest ethnic group in Kiev, and they account for 2,110,800 people, or 82.2% of the population. ] comprise 337,300 (13.1%), ]s - 17,900 (0.7%), ] - 16,500 (0.6%), ] - 6,900 (0.3%), ] - 4,900 (0.2%), ] - 2,600 (0.1%), ] - 2,500 (0.1%), ] - 2,400 (0.1%), ] - 1,900 (0.1%).

Both ] and ] are commonly spoken in the city, with Russian being more widely used despite the fact that Ukrainian is claimed as their native tongue by almost three times as many residents as those who claim Russian.<ref name=CensusKiev>According to the official ] data approximately 75% of Kiev's population responded 'Ukrainian' to the native language (ridna mova) census question, and roughly 25% responded 'Russian'. On the other hand, when the question 'What language do you use in everyday life?' was asked in the 2003 sociological survey, the Kievans' answers were distributed as follows: 'mostly Russian': 52%, 'both Russian and Ukrainian in equal measure': 32%, 'mostly Ukrainian': 14%, 'exclusively Ukrainian': 4.3%.<br>{{cite news|first= |last= |author= |url= http://www.wumag.kiev.ua/index2.php?param=pgs20032/72|title=What language is spoken in Ukraine?|work= |publisher=Welcome to Ukraine|pages= |page= |date= 2003/2|accessdate= }}.</ref> According to a 2006 survey, Ukrainian is used at home by 23% of Kievans, as 52% use Russian and 24% switch between both.<ref name=ZerkaloKiev>"Kiev: the city, its residents, problems of today, wishes for tomorrow.", '']'', April 29 - May 12, 2006. , </ref>

1,069,700 people have higher and complete secondary education, a significant increase 21.7% since 1989.

== Modern Kiev ==
] of the Kiev center at night.]]
] from the Instytutska street.]]

Modern Kiev is a mix of the old and the new, seen in everything from the architecture to the stores and to the people themselves. Experiencing fast population growth between the 1970s and the mid-], the city has continued its consistent growth after the turn of the millennium. As a result, Kiev's ''"downtown"'' is a dotted picture of new, modern buildings amongst the pale yellows, blues and grays of the older apartments. Urban sprawl has been gradually reducing, while population densities of suburbs started increasing. The most expensive properties are located in the ], and ] area. It is also prestigious to own a property in newly constructed buildings in ] or ] along the Dnieper, as well as in some other better-established areas.

With the Ukrainian independence on the turn of the millennium, other changes came. Western-style residential complexes, hip ]s, classy restaurants and prestigious hotels opened in the center. Music from ] and ] started rising on Ukrainian music charts. And most importantly, with the easing of the visa rules in 2005,<ref> ULR accessed on July 30, 2006</ref> Ukraine is positioning itself as a prime tourist attraction, with Kiev, among the other large cities, looking to profit from the new opportunities. The center of Kiev has been cleaned up and buildings have been restored and redecorated, especially the ] street and the ]. Many historic areas of Kiev, such as ], have become popular street vendor locations, where one can find traditional ], religious items, books, game sets (most commonly ]) as well as ] for sale.<ref> URL accessed on June 20, 2006</ref>

*

=== Culture ===
An important part of Kiev's culture is the many theatres in the city, which include: ], ], ], the ], ], ] and many others.

Other cultural items include the ], and the ]. The most important of the ] are the Kiev State Historical Museum, ], the ], the ] and the ].

In ] Kiev hosted the ] ] as a result of ] ] being victorious in ].

:''See also: ]

==== Sports ====
] is the most popular spectator sport in Kiev, followed by ] and ]. Kiev has many professional and amateur soccer clubs, including the ] and ], which both play in the ] of the ]. Other less prominent sport clubs in the city include: the ] soccer club, the ] hockey club and ] basketball club.
]]]

During the ] held in the ], Kiev held the preliminary matches and the quarter-finals of the football tournament at its ], reconstructed for the event. The stadium is the largest of Ukrainian stadiums, as well as among Kiev's 15 stadiums/sport complexes. Initially constructed for audience of 100,000, following the installation of individual seats it can now accommodate 83,053 spectators.<ref name="Beijing"> URL accessed on July 28, 2006</ref> Other notable sport stadiums/sport complexes in Kiev include the ], the ], among many others.

Kiev does not only host field games and indoor sports, but also aquatic sports, which take place on the ] at ], and on ] in the Dnieper river, opposite the city center, where there are many fine beaches and recreational facilities.<ref name="Beijing"> URL accessed on July 28, 2006</ref> In addition to that, cross country bicycling is another favorite sport, also taking place on the Trukhaniv Island.

Together with a few other cities of ] and ], Kiev will house the ]. Three group matches, a quarter final and the final are scheduled to be played at Kiev ] stadium.

:''See also: ]

==== Architecture ====
Probably, Kiev's most famous historical architecture complexes are ] and ] (Monastery of the Caves), which are ] ]s.

Noteworthy historical architectural landmarks also include the ] (designed and constructed from 1745 to 1752, then reconstructed in 1870), several Orthodox churches such as ], ], ], the reconstructed ], and others.

The cylindrical Salut hotel, located across from Glory Square and an ] at the World War Two memorial ]. The giant highly visible from the Dnieper hills ] statue standing at the ] is one of Kiev's well recognized modern landmarks.

Among Kiev's best-known monuments are ]'s statue of ] astride his horse located near ], the venerated ] (St. Vladimir), the ], overlooking the river above ], the monument to ] and Lybid, the legendary founders of the city located at the Dnieper embankment. Finally, two elevated on the tall columns modern monuments to the city protectors are located at the ] in the city center: the historic protector of Kiev ] and a modern invention, the goddess-protector ].

:''See also: ]

===== Architectural monuments =====
<center>
<gallery>
Image:StMichaelCathedral.jpg|The ], 1998 reconstruction.
Image:Uspensky Sobor.jpg|The Holy Dormition Cathedral of the ], post-1991 reconstruction.
Image:Andreevskaja cerkov.jpg|The ].
Image:Kiev Sofiakathedraal.jpg|The ].
Image:Vladimirsky Sobor.jpg|The ].
Image:Bogorodica-Pirogoscha.jpg|The Church of Bogoroditsa Pirogoscha in the ] raion, 1998 reconstruction
Image:Olga Monument.jpg|Monument to ]
Image:Kiev gate 2001 07 09.jpg|The ], 1982 reconstruction.
Image:Verkhovna Rada face.jpg|The ], the Ukrainian parliament.
Image:KievOpera.jpg|The ].
Image:National Bank of Ukraine.jpg|].
Image:House with chimaeras.jpg|"]"
Image:Kiew Hoehlenkloster Turm.jpg|Pechersk Lavra
Image:Kiew Höhlenkloster Eingang.jpg|Pechersk Lavra
</gallery>
</center>

== Transportation ==
=== Local transportation ===
] station of the ]]]

Public transportation in Kiev includes metro (subway), ]es, ]es and ]s. The publicly owned and operated ] system is the fastest, the most convenient and affordable network that covers most, but not all, of the city. The metro is regularly expanding towards the city limits to cover the growing demand, while the other kinds of public transport are not that well maintained. In particular, the public ] service fails to maintain its schedule. Public electric trolleybus and tram lines are more reliable, but are also technically obsolete and underfunded. The historic ], which once were a maintained and densely-developed method of transport, are now gradually being phased out in favor of buses and trolleys.

One unusual mode of public transportation Kiev has is a ], that climbs on the steep right bank of the ]. It provides transport to 10,000-15,000 passengers daily.

All public road transport in Kiev is operated by the united ''Kyivpastrans''<ref>See also: URL accessed on July 28, 2006</ref> ] company. It is heavily subsidized by the city as large groups of passengers (pensioners, etc.) are granted free service on its lines.

].]]

A simple distance-regardless ]s system exists in Kiev public transport: the tickets for ground transportation are bought for each entrance into the vehicle. Discount passes are available for scholars and students. Pensioners use public transportation free. Monthly passes, which are sold at the price of 60 rides, are also available in all combinations of public transportation: metro, bus, trolley, tram.

Recently, privately owned minibuses, '']s'', occupied Kiev's streets. They provide good coverage of smaller residential streets and have routes that are convenient for the residents. Minibuses take fewer passengers, run faster, stop on demand and are more available, although with an increased frequency of accidents. Ticket price and itinerary of private minibuses are regulated by city government, and the cost of one ride, while higher than on public buses, is still far lower than the Western European standard.

The ] market in Kiev is intensive but not adequately regulated. In particular, the taxi fare per kilometer is not regulated. There is a strong competition between private taxi companies. Many allow scheduling a pick-up by phone. Also, it is quite common for a local with a car (or even people from other parts of Ukraine) to provide taxi service unofficially. ]s and lack of parking space are the growing problems for taxi service in Kiev. Current regulations allow for parking on pavements, which pedestrians may find inconvenient.

] ]. The ] is visible in the background]]

=== Suburban transportation ===
Suburban transportation is provided by buses and short-range trains ('']s''). There are a few bus stations inside the city providing suburban transportations. Private minibuses (''marshrutkas'') provide faster and more frequent suburban service, currently winning the competition against large buses.

''Elektrichkas'' are serviced by the publicly owned ] company. The suburban train service is fast, and unbeatingly safe in terms of traffic accidents. But the trains are not reliable, as they may fail significantly behind schedule, may not be safe in terms of crime, and the ''elektrichka'' cars are poorly maintained and are overcrowded in ]s.

There are 5 ''elektrichka'' directions from Kiev:
* ] (north-eastern)
* ] (south-eastern)
* ] (southern)
* ] (south-western)
* ] (western)

]]]

More than a dozen of ''elektrichka'' stops are located within the city allowing residents of different neighborhoods to use the suburban trains.

Once existing suburban ]s service is now extinct due to lack of profitability, limiting Kiev's water transport for cargo and tourism uses.

=== Railways ===
] are Kiev’s main kind of outer transport connection. The city has a developed railroad infrastructure including a long-distance passenger station, 6 cargo stations, depots, and repairing facilities. However, this system still fails to meet the demand for passenger service. Particularly, the ] is city's only long-distance passenger terminal (''vokzal''). There is construction underway for a new ] on the left-bank part of Kiev, which may easer the tension of the central station.<ref>{{ru icon}} URL accessed on June 20, 2006</ref> ] are another problem restricting the development of city’s railway system. Presently, only one rail bridge out of two is available for intense train traffic. A new combined rail-auto bridge is under construction, as a part of Darnytsia project.

=== Air transport ===
]]]

Passenger air link to Kiev can be made through two of its airports: the ], which is served by the many international airlines, and a smaller ], serving mostly domestic flights, and few flights to nearby countries. There is also ] in Kiev's north-western suburb of ]. The international passenger terminal at Boryspil is quite small, yet modern. A new section of the international terminal was opened in 2006. There is a separate terminal for domestic flights within walking distance. Passengers traveling to other cities within Ukraine by air usually stop for a connection at Boryspil, as the other airports in Ukraine such as in Donetsk, Simferopol, Odessa, provide very limited international connections.

Kiev is one of the centers of world aviation industry, being a home for ]. ] is playing vital role in ukrainian aviation industry Currently, there are expansion plans for the city's international airport, with construction to begin within the coming years.<ref>{{ru icon}} URL accessed on June 20, 2006</ref>

:''See also: ]

== Tourism ==
] and the Left Bank of Kiev in the background. Photo copyright R. Lezhoev]]

=== Attractions in Kiev ===
It is said that one can walk from one end of Kiev to the other in the summertime without leaving the shade of its many trees. Most characteristic are the ]s ({{lang-uk|каштани, ''kashtany''}}).

Kiev is known as a green city with ] and numerous large and small parks. The green nature of the city is probably most notable by the overgrown and mostly untouched by urbanization hills on the right bank along the Dnieper river. There the ] is located, which offers both indoor and outdoor displays of military history and equipment surrounded by verdant hills overlooking the Dnieper river.

Among the numerous islands, Venetsianskyi (or ]) is the most habitable. It's accessible by metro or by car, and includes an amusement park, swimming beaches, boat rentals, and night clubs. The Victory Park (''Park Peremohy'') located near Darnytsia subway station is a popular destination for strollers, joggers, and cyclists.

Boating, fishing, and water sports are popular pastimes in Kiev. Since the lakes and rivers freeze over in the winter, ice fishermen are frequently seen, as are children with their ice skates. However, the peak of summer is when masses of people can be seen on the shores, swimming or sunbathing, with daytime high temperatures sometimes reaching 30 to 34 ].

The center of Kiev (Independence Square and Khreschatyk Street) becomes a large outdoor party place at night during summer months, with thousands of people having a good time in nearby restaurants, clubs and outdoor cafes. The central streets are closed for auto traffic on weekends and holidays.

Wide varieties of farming products are available in many of Kiev's farmer markets with the ] located in the very center of the city being the most famous one. Each residential region has its own market, or ''rynok''. Here one will find table after table of individuals hawking everything imaginable: vegetables, fresh and smoked meats, fish, cheese, honey, dairy products such as milk and home-made ''smetana'' (sour cream), ], cut flowers, housewares, tools and hardware, and clothing. Each of the markets has its own unique mix of products. There is also a popular book market by the ].

At the city's southern outskirts, near the historic ] village, there is an ], officially called the ] It has an area of 1.5 square kilometres. On this terrain, multiple "mini-villages" that represent the traditional countryside architecture of various regions of Ukraine are built.

Kiev also has numerous game attractions like bowling, carts, paintball, billiards and even shooting from real weapons.

:''See also: ]''

=== Views of Kiev ===
<center>
<gallery>
Image:Andriyivskyy Uzviz.jpeg|General view of the ].
Image:Podol.JPG|The ] of the ] raion.
Image:Kreschatik.JPG|], the best known street in Kiev.
Image:Ukraine elections massprotest 20041122.jpg|] protesters gather at ].
Image:Trapeznaja Lavry.JPG|The ] of the ].
Image:Kiev History Museum.jpg|The Museum of History.
Image:Founders of Kiev.jpg|The founders of Kiev, ].
Image:Kiev railway station 1.JPG|The new Terminal to the ].
</gallery>
</center>

== Economy ==
Kiev, as the capital of Ukraine, has major administrative functions, with considerable status in the offices of the ministries responsible for the economy of Ukraine. Factories in Kiev are found in all parts of the city, with locations of major concentrations of industrial organizations located to the west of the city center and on the left bank of the Dnieper River.
:''See also: ], ]''

=== Industrial organizations ===
The Kiev engineering plants, create their equipment based on metal from the iron and steel areas of ] and the ] coalfield. These plants in Kiev make equipment for chemical works, such as conveyor lines for ], ], ] factories, and also metal-cutting machines. Other engineering products of Kiev area include aircraft ''(see: ])'', hydraulic elevators, electrical instruments, armatures, river-and-sea crafts, motorcycles, and cinematography apparatuses.

Another important sector is the chemical industry, which produces resin products, fertilizers, plastics, and chemical fibers, made at the ] ] plant on the left bank of Kiev. Lumber milling and the production of bricks and reinforced concrete items are another well developed industry. Consumer manufactured goods include cameras ''(see: ]'', thermos flasks, knitwear, footwear, a range of foodstuffs, and hand watches. Kiev is also a large publishing centre.

=== Power production ===
Kiev is supplied by electricity primary from the ], completed in 1968, just upstream of the city at ], on the ], and from ] thermal electric station. Nowadays, all but a few regions of Ukraine are interconnected by the Ukrainian electric power grid. Following the ] the ] located 100 km north of Kiev has been closed. Kiev also receives its power supply in the form of natural gas, piped from ]-Pomary-] pipeline.

== Education ==
].]]
Kiev hosts many universities, the major ones being ],<ref>See also: URL accessed on July 28, 2006</ref> the ],<ref>See also: URL accessed on July 28, 2006</ref> and the ].<ref>See also: URL accessed on July 28, 2006</ref> The total number of institutions of higher education in Kiev approaches 200,<ref>See also: </ref> allowing young people to pursue almost any line of study.
<!---While education remains largely in the hands of the state, private institutions are on the rise. Among private, higher education institutions that are gaining popularity and reputation are the ] and the ].--->

There are about 500 general secondary schools, evening schools for adults, and specialist technical schools. Scientific research is conducted in many of the institutes of the higher education and, additionally, in many ]s affiliated with the ]<ref>See also: URL accessed on July 28, 2006</ref> and several of ]. Kiev is also noted for its research in medicine and computer science.

There are many libraries in the city with the ] affiliated with the Academy of Science being the largest and most important one.<ref></ref>

:''See also: ]

== City name evolution ==
] in 1570.]]
]'s "New map of Europe, from the latest authorities" published in "Cary's new universal atlas", London, 1808.]]

Currently, ''Kiev'' is the traditional English name for the city, but the Ukrainianized version ''Kyiv'' is gaining usage.

As a prominent city with a long history, its English name was subject to gradual evolution. The early English spelling was derived from ] form ''Kijevъ'' (spelled ''Кієвъ''). According to the legendary account in the ], the city is named after ] (Кий), who is said to have founded the city with his ].

In the ] the city was mentioned in published sources as ''Kiou'', ''Kiow'', ''Kiew'', ''Kiovia''. On one of the oldest English maps of the region ''Russiae, Moscoviae et Tartariae'' published by ] (London, 1570) the city is spelled as ''Kiou''. On the map by Guillaume de Beauplan (1650) the name of the city was given as ''Kiiow'', and the region was named as ''Kÿowia''. In English traveller Joseph Marshall's book ''Travels'' (London, 1772) the city is referred as ''Kiovia''.

The name ''Kiev'' was used in print as early as in 1804 in the ]'s "New map of Europe, from the latest authorities" in "Cary's new universal atlas" published in ]. The English travelogue titled ''New Russia: Journey from Riga to the Crimea by way of Kiev'', by Mary Holderness was published in 1823. By 1883, the ] included ''Kiev'' in a quotation. This name was established on the basis of ] orthography and pronunciation {{IPA |}}, during a time when Kiev was a city in a ] of the ].

At the same time the spelling ''Kyiv'', ] version of the ] name for the city {{IPA|}}, has been used in English-language publications of the Ukrainian diaspora and in some academic publications concerning Ukraine during much of the twentieth century. Newly-independent Ukraine declared Ukrainian the only ] after 1991, and introduced a national Latin-alphabet standard for geographic names in 1995, establishing the use of the spelling ''Kyiv'' in all official documents issued by the governmental authorities since October 1995. The spelling is used by the ], ], some foreign ]s and a number of media organizations, notably in ]. On ], ], the United States federal government changed its official spelling of the city name to Kyiv.<ref> URL accessed on January 15, 2007</ref> The alternate romanizations ''Kyyiv'' (BGN/PCGN transliteration) and ''Kyjiv'' (scholarly) are also in use alongside ''Kiev'' in English-language atlases. This, however, did not affect the usage of most major players in the English language news media market: ], ], ] and most major live and print media continue to use Kiev to this day.

{{See also|Romanization of Ukrainian|Romanization of Russian}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}
:'''Bibliography:'''
* Marshall, Joseph. ''Travels Through Germany, Russia, and Poland in the Years 1769 and 1770''. London: J. Almon, 1772; reprint, New York: Arno Press and the New York Times, 1971. ISBN 0-405-02763-X
*{{cite book
| last = Holderness
| first = Mary
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| year = 1827
| title = New Russia: Journey from Riga to the Crimea, by way of Kiev; with some account of the colonization, and the manners and customs of the colonists of New Russia; to which are added notes relating to the Crim Tatars
| publisher = Sherwood, Jones,
| location = London
| id = {{LCCN|49||042378}} <!---ISBN 3-628-28986-5--->
}}
* {{cite news|first= |last= |author= |url= |title=Kiev: the city, its residents, problems of today, wishes for tomorrow. |work= |publisher=] |pages= |page= |date=April 29 - May 12, 2006|accessdate= }}. Available online and



== External links ==
{{sisterlinks|Kiev}}

'''General'''
<div class="references-small">
*
* - Satellite view of Kiev
*
* & - additional views of the city center
*
*
*{{wikitravel|Kiev}}
</div>

'''Kiev or Kyiv?'''
<div class="references-small">
Official documents:
* - Resolution of the Ukrainian commission for legal terminology
*
Non-official documents:
* — CBC News article about use of city names
* Fred Weir, , '']'', June 28, 2000
</div>

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