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{{about|characters in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium|Norse mythology|Durinn|the Shannara character|Durin Elessedil|the village in Iran|Durin, Iran}} |
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'''Durin''' is the name of seven Kings of ] in ]'s ]. They were held by the Dwarves to be the reincarnations of the first one, ], resembling him in appearance and said to have preserved memories of their 'earlier lives'.<ref>{{ME-ref|PoMe|"Of Dwarves and Men"}}</ref> |
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{{R ME to section}} |
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{{R with history}} |
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Tolkien took the name ''Durin'', like most of the dwarf names in his works, from ]. This he later explained by the translation fiction: since ] of ] was translated with ], the language of ], used by Dwarves for their "outer" names, was translated with Old Norse. One way the ] term ''durinn'' can be translated is "sleepy",<ref>Day, ''The Hobbit Companion'', p. 51, {{ISBN|1-74051-827-6}}</ref> which aptly features in the legends of the origins and ultimate fate of Durin the Deathless. |
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Discussions of the Durins (specifically in ''The Peoples of Middle-earth'') must be read with care, since their number expanded as Tolkien's story developed. The Durin killed by the ] for example, was originally Durin III, but Durin VI in '']''. (And a common typo on the Web lists him as "Durin IV".) |
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== Durin the Deathless == |
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].]] |
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'''Durin the Deathless''' was the eldest of the ]. Durin was created by ] the ] during the ]. He was named "the Deathless" as he lived to a far greater age than any other Dwarf, and he was revered by all Dwarves as the eldest of their race. |
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Each of the seven Fathers founded a ]. Durin's clan was called the ''Longbeards'' and '''''Durin's folk'''''. |
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According to the traditions of the Dwarves, Durin was set to sleep alone beneath ] in the northern ]; Gundabad remained a sacred place to them ever after. He awakened some time after the creation of the ] in {{ME-date|YT|1050}}, and according to an early version of the story<ref>''The Peoples of Middle-earth'', p. 322.</ref> travelled great distances to other Dwarf kindreds, where other Dwarves joined him. He arrived at the ], a marvellous lake in a ] in the central Misty Mountains. In caves at the base of ], a massive peak that formed the western wall of the valley, Durin founded what became the greatest and richest of the Mansions of the Dwarves: Khazad-dûm (the Dwarrowdelf), afterward called ]. '''Durin I''' was the first '''King of Khazad-dûm'''. |
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Some important places in Khazad-dûm were named after this Durin: ''']''', ''']''' and probably ''']'''. Durin the Deathless was also commemorated in '''Durin's Crown''' (], artefact and emblem), and '''Durin's Day''' (the name of ] and of the ]). |
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Durin the Deathless was buried in a secret tomb in Khazad-dûm.<ref>J. R. R. Tolkien (1955), '']'', 2nd edition (1966) George Allen appendix A:III p.352; {{ISBN|0 04 823047 2}}</ref> The Dwarves regarded him as sleeping<ref>J. R. R. Tolkien (1954), '']'', 2nd edition (1966) George Allen & Unwin, book 2 ch IV p.330; {{ISBN|0 04 823045 6}}</ref> rather than dead: a book-end to his long primeval sleep, from which he would likewise ultimately awake. |
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In the published version of the story, Durin died before the end of the First Age.<ref>''The Return of the King'', Appendix A, part III.</ref> An early version of Appendix B ("The Tale of Years") had him leading Dwarves from the ruin of ] to found Khazad-dûm at the beginning of the ];<ref>''The Peoples of Middle-earth'', p. 173.</ref> but Tolkien abandoned that line. |
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After Durin died, Khazad-dûm was ruled by "many generations" of his descendants, until the Balrog appeared in Moria. In this long line, Tolkien writes, there appeared occasionally "an heir so like to his Forefather that he received the name of Durin."<ref>''The Return of the King'', Appendix A, (III) "Durin's Folk".</ref> More complete versions of the account of Durin's Folk<ref>''The Peoples of Middle-earth'', pp. 275, 279, 383.</ref> make clear that the later Durins appeared scattered amongst many generations. These six further Durins were believed by the Dwarves to be reincarnations (or even reanimations) of Durin I, with memories of his earlier lives.<ref>''The Peoples of Middle-earth'', pp. 383-4.</ref> |
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In {{ME-date|TA|2989}}, during the unsuccessful attempt to ], ]'s party evidently found ''']'''.<ref>J. R. R. Tolkien (1954), '']'', 2nd edition (1966) George Allen & Unwin, book 2 ch. V p.336; {{ISBN|0 04 823045 6}}</ref> Though not stated in the text, many Tolkien scholars have concluded that this was an heirloom lost when Durin VI was killed by ] in {{ME-date|TA|1981}}<ref>Robert Foster, ''Guide to Middle-earth'', "Durin's Axe".</ref> (A helm is also mentioned, not identified in the text as Durin's, from which some have conjectured "Durin's Helm" as well.) The Axe was evidently lost again when Balin's party was killed in {{ME-date|TA|2994}}. |
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==Durin II== |
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Foster suggests that this is the Durin named on the ] of Moria.<ref>Robert Foster (1971), '']'', Unwin Paperbacks edition (1978); {{ISBN|0-04-803001-5}}</ref> The gate was built during the alliance with the neighbouring Elf-realm of Eregion, which was established circa {{ME-date|SA|750}}. |
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==Durin III== |
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He was King of Khazad-dûm ''circa'' {{ME-date|SA|1600}}, and was the first bearer of one of the ]<ref>''Return of the King'', Appendix A, Section III</ref> (a fact not widely known until the end of the ]). The Dwarves believed he had been given his ring by ] and not by ], though Sauron was involved in the making. |
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Celebrimbor was the lord of the Elven-smiths of Eregion, which was subsequently besieged in the War of the Elves and Sauron. In 1697 Celebrimbor was killed, and Durin III sent an army into the conflict. Neither the dwarves nor an additional army led by ] was able to prevent the destruction of Eregion, though some Elves were able to escape. Durin then withdrew his people into Khazad-dûm and shut the gates. |
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Hammond and Scull<ref>''The Lord of the Rings, A Reader's Companion'', p. 281: reference to p. 306 in LOTR.</ref> conclude that Durin III was King of Khazad-dûm when the West Gate of Moria was constructed, the Durin whose name appears on the door. (It was made while the Dwarves were allied with ].) This is a plausible inference but appears to be unsupported by direct evidence from Tolkien. (Foster<ref>Robert Foster. ''The Complete Guide to Middle-earth'', "Durin II".</ref> suggests that the Gate was constructed earlier, under Durin II: see above.) |
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==Durin IV== |
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He would have lived in Khazad-dûm in the late Second or early Third Age, but Tolkien records nothing of his reign. |
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A persistent rumour on the Web holds that Durin IV was the king who led the Dwarves from Khazad-dûm to fight against Sauron with the Last Alliance at the end of the Second Age. Tolkien indicates that Dwarves of Durin's Folk did fight with the Last Alliance,<ref>''The Silmarillion'', "Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age", p. 294.</ref> but he does not say under which king they fought. |
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==Durin V== |
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Tolkien records nothing of his reign. |
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==Durin VI== |
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Durin VI was King of the Dwarves of Khazad-dûm in the Third Age, when their deep mining for '']'' under Caradhras aroused a ] from its hiding place in the depths. The Balrog killed Durin in {{ME-date|TA|1980}}, and became known as ]. Durin was succeeded by his son, ], whom the Balrog killed in the following year. Moria was then abandoned by its people. |
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==Durin VII== |
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Durin VII or '''Durin the Last''' was the direct descendant of king ] (according to some sources, his son),<ref>''The Peoples of Middle-earth'': "The Making of Appendix A", '(iv) Durin's Folk', p. 279.</ref> ruler of ] and the ] in the ]. His birth was apparently prophesied upon the accession of ] after the Battle of Five Armies<ref>''The Peoples of Middle-earth'': "The Making of Appendix A", '(iv) Durin's Folk', p. 383.</ref> (although no record exists of the actual prophecy itself). He led Durin's Folk back to recolonize ] (Moria) at some (unspecified) time after the beginning of the Fourth Age, where they remained "until the world grew old and the Dwarves failed and the days of Durin's race were ended".<ref>''The Peoples of Middle-earth'': "The Making of Appendix A", '(iv) Durin's Folk', p. 278.</ref> |
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==Family tree== |
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Durin's Folk |
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{{Durin's Folk}} |
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==See also== |
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{{Portal|Speculative fiction}} |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{Moria (Middle-earth)}} |
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{{dwarves}} |
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