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#REDIRECT ] |
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{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}} |
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{{Infobox civilian attack |
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|title= Tullyvallen Orange Hall Massacre |
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|partof= ] |
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|image= File:Tullyvallen Orange Hall - geograph.org.uk - 1442874.jpg |
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|image_size=400px |
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| alt = |
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| caption = The front of Tullyvallen Orange Hall before the massacre |
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|location= Tullyvallen, ], ] |
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| coordinates = {{coord|54.604008|N|5.948119|W|type:event|display=it|format=dms}} |
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|date = 1 September 1975 |
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|time =22:00 ] |
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|type =shooting, bombing |
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|weapons = ]<br>]<br>] |
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|fatalities = 5 civilians killed |
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|injuries = 7 civilians injured |
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|perp = claimbed by ] |
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|susperp = Police believe ] actually responsible |
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|}}{{Campaignbox Northern Ireland Troubles}} |
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{{Rcat shell| |
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On the 1 September 1975 ] from the ] using the covername ] carried out a gun attack on an ] building (known as a Orange Hall) in Tullyvallen, ], ] close to the ] border. |
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{{R from move}} |
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Five people were killed in the attack and seven were injured. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/cgi-bin/dyndeaths.pl?querytype=date&day=1&month=09&year=1975|title=CAIN: Sutton Index of Deaths|first=Malcolm|last=Sutton|website=cain.ulst.ac.uk|accessdate=25 May 2017}}</ref><ref>http://www.newsletter.co.uk/news/tullyvallen-massacre-40-years-on-the-memories-never-really-go-away-1-6930557</ref> |
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{{R from long name}} |
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{{R from duplicated article|printworthy}} |
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==The Republican Action Force== |
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{{R with history}} |
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The South Armagh Republican Action Force (SARAF) or just simply the Republican Action Force (RAF). Was a loose alliance of Republican paramilitaries who were against the 1975 IRA truce with the British government. They were a response to the ] (PAF) who were a covername for the UVF when carrying out sectarian attacks on Catholics.<ref>UVF - The End Game by Henry McDonald & Jim Cusack</ref><ref>https://books.google.ie/books?id=P6mPDAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> |
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{{R printworthy}} |
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Most the members of this rouge grop were IRA volunteers especially the ones in border counties like South Armagh, Tyrone and Fermanagh. There was also members of ] (INLA) involved in the group. |
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}} |
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== Previous Attacks == |
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The attack preceeded a string of tit-for-tat sectarian killings carried out by Republican and ] paramilitaries as far back as February 1975 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/othelem/chron/ch75.htm#Feb|title=CAIN: Chronology of the Conflict 1975|first=Dr Martin|last=Melaugh|website=cain.ulst.ac.uk|accessdate=25 May 2017}}</ref> on the same day as truce between the IRA and the ] was suppose to start. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/cgi-bin/dyndeaths.pl?querytype=date&day=10&month=02&year=1975|title=CAIN: Sutton Index of Deaths|first=Malcolm|last=Sutton|website=cain.ulst.ac.uk|accessdate=25 May 2017}}</ref> |
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In August the month before the Tullyvallen attack Loyalists and Republicans carried out a string of sectarian attacks, leading to over 20 deaths and 100+ plus injuries. |
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* On the 1 August two Catholic civilians were shot dead in their minibus by the ] (UVF) <ref>{{cite web|url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/cgi-bin/dyndeaths.pl?querytype=date&day=1&month=08&year=1975|title=CAIN: Sutton Index of Deaths|first=Malcolm|last=Sutton|website=cain.ulst.ac.uk|accessdate=25 May 2017}}</ref> |
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* On the 10 August a gun battle broke out between the British Army and the IRA, two children were killed in the crossfire.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/cgi-bin/dyndeaths.pl?querytype=date&day=10&month=08&year=1975|title=CAIN: Sutton Index of Deaths|first=Malcolm|last=Sutton|website=cain.ulst.ac.uk|accessdate=25 May 2017}}</ref> |
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* Three days later the IRA carried out a gun and bomb attack on a pub on the ] killing five people and injuring 40 others.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/cgi-bin/dyndeaths.pl?querytype=date&day=13&month=08&year=1975|title=CAIN: Sutton Index of Deaths|first=Malcolm|last=Sutton|website=cain.ulst.ac.uk|accessdate=25 May 2017}}</ref> |
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* On the 22 August three Catholics were killed in a bomb attack on a bar in Armagh. Another Catholic died of injuries caused by Loyalists a few days earlier.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/cgi-bin/dyndeaths.pl?querytype=date&day=22&month=08&year=1975|title=CAIN: Sutton Index of Deaths|first=Malcolm|last=Sutton|website=cain.ulst.ac.uk|accessdate=25 May 2017}}</ref> |
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* Two days later two Catholic civilians were abducted and murdered by the UVF in Armagh. <ref name="auto"/> |
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* On the 27 August the IRA exploded a bomb at the Caterham Arms pub in ], ] injuring over 30 people. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/othelem/chron/ch75.htm#27875|title=CAIN: Chronology of the Conflict 1975|first=Dr Martin|last=Melaugh|website=cain.ulst.ac.uk|accessdate=25 May 2017}}</ref> |
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* One day later an IRA bomb exploded in ], ]. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/othelem/chron/ch75.htm#28875|title=CAIN: Chronology of the Conflict 1975|first=Dr Martin|last=Melaugh|website=cain.ulst.ac.uk|accessdate=25 May 2017}}</ref> |
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* On the 29 August a British Army bomb-disposal officer was killed tryying to defuse an IRA bomb in Kensington Church Street, ]. On the same day a volunteer of the IRA's youth wing was shot dead by Loyalists in ] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/cgi-bin/dyndeaths.pl?querytype=date&day=29&month=08&year=1975|title=CAIN: Sutton Index of Deaths|first=Malcolm|last=Sutton|website=cain.ulst.ac.uk|accessdate=25 May 2017}}</ref> |
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* On the 30 August the ] (UDA) bombed a pub in Belfast killing two Catholic civlians. On the same day the IRA shot dead an off-duty member of the security forces. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/cgi-bin/dyndeaths.pl?querytype=date&day=30&month=08&year=1975|title=CAIN: Sutton Index of Deaths|first=Malcolm|last=Sutton|website=cain.ulst.ac.uk|accessdate=25 May 2017}}</ref> |
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* Also on the 30 August, Stephen Geddis (10) died two days after being shot in the head by a plastic bullet by the British Army. <ref>http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/cgi-bin/dyndeaths.pl?querytype=date&day=30&month=08&year=1975</ref> security forces during the troubles lke the killings of Julie Living Stone. <ref>http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/cgi-bin/dyndeaths.pl?querytype=name&surname=Livingstone&forename=Julie</ref> <ref>http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/cgi-bin/dyndeaths.pl?querytype=date&day=22&month=05&year=1981</ref> |
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==Orange Hall Attack== |
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On 1 September 1975, a few days after two Catholic civilians were had been abducted and then shot dead by the UVF a short distance way in , the ] claimed responsibility for a gun attack on Tullyvallen ] near ], County Armagh. The attack happened at about 10pm, when a group of Orangemen were holding a meeting inside.<ref name="lostlives">McKittrick, David. ''Lost Lives''. Mainstream Publishing, 1999. p.572</ref> A number of the Orangemen were members of the Royal Ulster Constabulary and British Army and were armed. Two gunmen entered the hall and using deadly ] rifles sprayed it with bullets while another stood outside and shot through a window.<ref name="lostlives"/> One of the Orangemen was an off-duty ] (RUC) officer. He returned fire with a pistol and believed he hit one of the attackers.<ref name="lostlives"/><ref>McKay, Susan. ''Northern Protestants: An unsettled people''. Blackstaff Press, 2005. p.190</ref> Five of the Orangemen, all civilians, were killed while seven others were wounded.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/othelem/chron/ch75.htm|title=CAIN: Chronology of the Conflict 1975|first=Dr Martin|last=Melaugh|website=cain.ulst.ac.uk|accessdate=25 May 2017}}</ref> The attackers planted a {{convert|2|lb|kg}} bomb outside the hall but it failed to detonate.<ref name="lostlives"/> A caller to the ] claimed responsibility for the attack and said it was in retaliation for "the assassinations of fellow Catholics in Belfast".<ref>English, Richard. ''Armed Struggle: The history of the IRA''. Pan McMillen, 2004. p. 171<!-- ISBN needed --></ref> Shortly after, the Orange Order called for the creation of a legal ] (or "Home Guard") to deal with republican paramilitaries.<ref name="lostlives"/> |
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==Aftermath== |
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On the same day as the Tullyvallen attack, there was four other attacks that day around the six counties that lead to another five deaths. |
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First the UVF shot deat two UDA members in a Loyalist feud. Next SDLP member Denis Mullen (36) was shot dead at his home by Loyalists. <ref>http://www.newsletter.co.uk/news/1975-murder-of-sdlp-man-still-fresh-in-my-mind-daughter-1-6932853</ref> Then two Protestant civilians were killed, Leslie Shepherd (24) was killed by the UVF in a case of mistaken identity, Thomas taylor (50) was then shot at his work place by Republican gunmen. <ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/25545539?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents</ref> |
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Two days later on the 3 September Loyalists killed two Catholic civilians, a father and daughter in their house. |
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On the 5 September the IRA exploded a massive bomb at the Hilton hotel in London killing two people andinjuring 63<ref>http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/cgi-bin/dyndeaths.pl?querytype=date&day=3&month=09&year=1975</ref><ref>http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/cgi-bin/dyndeaths.pl?querytype=date&day=5&month=09&year=1975</ref><ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/5/newsid_2499000/2499203.stm</ref> |
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This cycle of killings would continue well into 1976.<ref>http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/othelem/chron/ch76.htm</ref> |
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Some of the most serious attacks of the rest of 1975: |
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* On 2 October 12 people were killed and dozens injured in a series of UVF bomb and gun attacks across Northern Ireland.<ref>http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/cgi-bin/dyndeaths.pl?querytype=date&day=2&month=10&year=1975</ref> |
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* On 23 October Two catholic civilians were killed in their home by UVF gunmen. Later that day a passer by was killed by an IRA bomb meant for Hugh Frazer when it exploded prematurely. |
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* 18 November Two civilians were killed and 23 injured when the IRA bombed Walton's restaurant in London's West End. |
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* 22 November - During the ] the IRA's South Armagh Brigade ambushed a British Army ] , three soldiers were killed in the ambush and 1 injured. '''One of the ] rifles used in the attack was found to have been used by the ]'''<ref>Ed Moloney, ''A Secret History of the IRA'' (2002); (PB) ISBN 0-393-32502-4; (HB) ISBN 0-7139-9665-X, p. 320</ref><ref>Richard English, ''Armed Struggle: The History of the IRA'' (2005); ISBN 978-0-19-517753-4, p. 171</ref> '''in an attack on the Tullyvallen Orange Hall that killed five civilians.'''<ref>Simon Dunstan: ''For England and St George – A History of the Royal Regiment of Fusiliers'', p. 109<!-- ISSN/ISBN, year and publishing info needed --></ref> |
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* On 25 November four people were killed in three seperate attacks, two RUC officers and a Ulster Defence Regiment soldier were killed by the IRA. A Catholic civilian Francis Crossan (34) was found dead near the ] with his throat slit. A rouge UVF gang called the ] were behind the attack.<ref>http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/cgi-bin/dyndeaths.pl?querytype=date&day=25&month=11&year=1975</ref><ref>http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/othelem/chron/ch79.htm#20279</ref> |
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* 29 November the UDA bombed Dublin airport killing one man and injuring 15 others.<ref>http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/cgi-bin/dyndeaths.pl?querytype=date&day=29&month=11&year=1975</ref> |
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* On 19 December the UVF killed five people in two different attacks. First they attacked a pub in Dundalk killing two people and injured over 20. The second attack happened in Crossmaglen in a pub called the Silverbridge Inn killing three more people and injuring six in a bomb attack.<ref>http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/cgi-bin/dyndeaths.pl?querytype=date&day=19&month=12&year=1975</ref><ref>http://www.rense.com/general74/edge.htm</ref><ref>http://www.michael.donegan.care4free.net/dundalk_bombing/</ref> |
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* On 31 December three Protestant civlians were killed in a bomb attack on a pub in Gilford, County Down. The attack was carried out by the INLA who a the time called themselves the "People's Liberation Army". |
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==See Also== |
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==Sources== |
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==References== |
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{{reflist|colwidth=30em}} |
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{{PIRA}} |
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{{The Troubles|state=collapsed}} |
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] |
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