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Section sizes Section size for Rosa Luxemburg (33 sections) Section name Byte count Section total (Top) 7,187 7,187 Life 12 37,043 Poland 16 17,254 Ancestry 3,129 3,129 Origins 3,694 3,694 Education and activism 7,391 7,391 The 1905 revolution 3,024 3,024 Germany 5,078 19,777 Before World War I 4,825 4,825 During the war 5,168 5,168 German Revolution of 1918–1919 4,706 4,706 Execution and aftermath 8,820 14,477 Reactions 2,638 2,638 Annual demonstration 3,019 3,019 Thought 14 12,276 Revolutionary Socialist Democracy and Criticism of the October Revolution 7,272 7,272 The Accumulation of Capital 2,559 2,559 Dialectic of Spontaneity and Organisation 2,431 2,431 Legacy 11 15,360 Poland 4,840 7,066 Herbarium 2,226 2,226 Germany 5,694 5,694 Russia 2,589 2,589 In popular culture and literature 9,456 9,456 Body identification controversy 4,743 4,743 Works 716 716 Writings 2,118 2,118 Speeches 472 472 See also 233 233 Citations 29 29 Bibliography 4,097 4,097 Further reading 457 457 External links 4,610 4,610 Total 113,274 113,274

Archives

Archive 1

Proposal to unmerge luxemburg and luxemburgism

A friend of mine proposed changes to the former Luxemburgism article earlier this year with the idea in mind that no one practices the tendency. While this is acknowledged to be partially correct, further scholarly review has produced copious evidence for its historical existence in German monographs, articles, etc. (One is directly related to the notion of Luxemburgism in the context of the DDR, where it was used to smear political opponents (much like Trotskyism - https://en.wikipedia.org/Trotskyism): "Rosa Luxemburgs Kritik an Lenin blieb zu ihren Lebzeiten unbekannt. Sie wurde erst 1922 von Paul Levi unter dem Titel Zur russischen Revolution veröffentlicht. Anlass dazu war für ihn zum einen der Beschluss der KPD zur „Offensivstrategie“ 1920, den die von Sinowjew geführte Kommunistische Internationale (Komintern) unterstützte, zum anderen der Versuch, die KPD im Kontext des Märzaufstands 1921 zur Abkehr von ihrer Orientierung, durch einen Putsch zur Macht gelangen zu können, zu bewegen und ihre Positionierung gegen die SPD-Linke in Frage zu stellen. Daraufhin schloss die KPD Levi aus. Seine Veröffentlichung trug dazu bei, dass Josef Stalin, die KPdSU, die Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (KPD) und später die Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED) Rosa Luxemburgs Positionen später insgesamt als Luxemburgismus abwehrten und verfemten. Von Gegnern des Stalinismus wurden ihre kritischen Passagen dagegen später oft als Inbegriff des Demokratischen Sozialismus zitiert."

The current merged section is called "Thought" on the page for Rosa Luxemburg. The original "Luxemburgism" page that existed needs some key edits, which I am prepared to engage in/with. See also: Von Stefan Steinberg, "Vorgeführt und lächerlich gemacht" Wie die PDS auf die Errichtung einer Statue von Rosa Luxemburg reagiert, [www.wsws.org, 26. Januar 1999, (Online, pdf http://www.wsws.org/de/1999/jan1999/rosa-j26.shtml)

Hoarmurath (talk) 05:08, 7 December 2018 (UTC)

Category:Communist books

Why is the article in this category? Luxemburg herself was not a communist book (though I notice that she wrote several), and this is not a topic category. Geolodus (talk) 07:25, 5 June 2019 (UTC)

On hating Prussian men

She despised Prussian men and resented what she saw as the grip of urban capitalism on social democracy.

Needs clarity. Red Society 01 (talk) 20:52, 26 October 2020 (UTC)

Execution vs murder

A number of sources (The Local , Deutsche Welle The New European and the Gietinger book) refer to it as a murder. I have replaced execution with murder unless it refers to Pabst's orders. Best, Caius G. (talk) 23:19, 28 December 2020 (UTC)

More sources: Encyclopedia Britannica The Times of Israel and The Conversation (website) . The demonstration has also been described as honouring the "murdered" Luxemburg and Liebknecht (in German). Best, Caius G. (talk) 17:03, 31 December 2020 (UTC)

Execution ? ? - Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the state-sanctioned killing of a person as punishment for a crime. The sentence ordering that someone is punished with the death penalty is called a death sentence, and the act of carrying out such a sentence is known as an execution. - Rosa Luxemburg was murdered, not executed. --213.172.123.242 (talk) 08:34, 4 July 2021 (UTC)

Do it's an assassination then Mhatopzz (talk) 03:24, 19 January 2022 (UTC)

Why is there no "Execution" section?

There's usually a section detailing how a historical figure died, particularly in cases like Rosa where they were assasinated, executed or otherwise killed. BetweenCupsOfTea (talk) 09:54, 15 January 2021 (UTC)

I came here specifically to mention that the circumstances surrounding her death are of historical importance and the details are scattered throughout the article but with no clear description of what is known by history. She was murdered, excecuted, by whom, for what specifically, etc. This is a glaring omission.Calydon (talk) 06:49, 10 May 2021 (UTC)

Education

the gymnasium story is absolutely incorrect. She attended a Polish school, founded by patriotic Polish countess Zyberk-Plater. It was a very prestigious establishment. One of the most expensive schools in the area of Poland occupied by Russian Empire. So it means that her family had means to pay for a very exclusive education. Therefore it signifies her very privileged social position. So there is nothing exceptional in her being Jewish and accepted to the said school, apart from the fact that her father was very wealthy. But this would not sit very well with mythos of Jewish discrimination,. But still I insist that someone would edit the entry accordingly shemyaza

Nationality

It currently solely lists her nationality as "Polish" in the lede; I propose we change to "Polish-German" or similar, as she had German citizenship and lived much of her life in Germany. I also think we should merge nationality and citizenship in the info box, as the two concepts are usually the same, and list both "Polish" and "German".

I think the current version is appropriate and highly explanatory, especially by the first sentence in the lead section. Oliszydlowski (talk) 03:35, 26 April 2021 (UTC)

I disagree; I feel that, as she was primarily known for her actions in Germany, she should be listed as German-Polish; furthermore, nationality and citizenship should be combined, as they synonymous in this case. I did, however, add a note to the lead explaining that she was born in poland and later became a German citizen. --LordNimon (talk) 18:54, 26 April 2021 (UTC)

Well Rosa wasnt polish by citizenship or ethnicity, nor was polish her first language. It could be argued that she should rather be described as Russian-German. Gawelsky (talk) 16:03, 19 May 2022 (UTC)

Polish was her first language... --Samotny Wędrowiec (talk) 13:20, 26 May 2022 (UTC)

I doubt you could find a source stating that. Her actual native language was yiddish. Gawelsky (talk) 01:02, 27 May 2022 (UTC)

"In 1908 and 1909, Luxemburg published a series of articles titled Kwestia narodowościowa i autonomia (The National Question and Autonomy) in the journal of SDKPiL, Przegląd Socjaldemokratyczny—her most important work on nations and nationalism. She analyzed the consequences of capitalism, especially among nations that lacked independence and had to defend their rights to cultural autonomy in the context of multiethnic states. As far as the Jewish question was concerned, she argued that there was only one way leading to emancipation: political integration of Jews with societies among whom they lived and their participation in the general struggle for equal rights. Luxemburg considered Yiddish to be merely a jargon, distorted German, not capable of becoming the basis for a separate Jewish culture. She did, however, fight against antisemitism in her political writing, particularly when it intensified in Congress Poland following the 1905 Revolution." - quoted from: .

"So far, no Luxemburg researcher has discovered a manuscript in Yiddish by Rosa Luxemburg. Rosa Luxemburg understood Yiddish (she was brought up in the Jewish faith), but regarded it as a form of slang and used it rather seldom, and then mostly as an insult or in self-irony." - quoted from: .

All it took was one quick Google search. As much as I personally find Yiddish fascinating and disagree with what Luksemburg had to say about it, I do not try to fabricate her views to suit my own agenda. You have yet to provide a single source for your controversial opinions. Your baseless assumptions and attempts to troll other users are pathetic and offensive. --Samotny Wędrowiec (talk) 01:17, 27 May 2022 (UTC)

She was executed for attempted overthrow of a lawful government

Wasn't murder, you are twisting words, pathetic. 220.76.183.4 (talk) 08:37, 1 February 2022 (UTC)

Sources say that it was murder. 15 (talk) 09:17, 1 February 2022 (UTC)

Can't find quote

The section on the attempted German Revolution has a quote of a speech Luxemburg gave:

Today we can seriously set about destroying capitalism once and for all. Nay, more; not merely are we today in a position to perform this task, nor merely is its performance a duty toward the proletariat, but our solution offers the only means of saving human society from destruction.

This quote has a reference before it attributed to "Nettl, J. P. Rosa Luxemburg. Vol. 1. p. 131. Waters, Mary-Alice Waters (ed.). Rosa Luxemburg Speaks. p. 7.", but I can't find the text in either book. --Ashawley (talk) 17:11, 6 February 2022 (UTC)

"Polish Marxist"

The fact that this does not follow how reliable sources describe her is that Google Scholar search results in the majority of results using "Polish Marxist" to describe something other than Luxemburg herself. Misplaced Pages follows WP:RS and therefore this is not a suitable description. The areas she is active in is already described in the next sentence by the political parties she belonged to, so I see this as both redundant and oversimplifying the issue of her nationality. (t · c) buidhe 18:17, 13 February 2022 (UTC)

@Buidhe: - Perhaps let's avoid the question of nationality and set focus on citizenship or her contributions to socialist movements in Germany (primarily) and Poland (also very significant). I believe it is fair. I have also changed the order in the first sentence description to suit this. Does it sound appropriate? Merangs (talk) 20:15, 13 February 2022 (UTC)

Plenty of research has been done about this already - Luksemburg retained her Polish identity and Polish remained her first language, as evidenced by her numerous private letters written in Polish (particularly those to her longtime partner) and her texts on the matters of Germanisation and Russification of Poles under colonial rule. There are many sources that provide proof of this, including plenty of those that are used throughout the article (particularly in the Poland section). Just because someone is forced to flee their country of origin due to political persecution does not mean they cease being part of that culture, in the same way that receiving citizenship in a foreign country through marriage does not mean that one ceases to be a person from their original place of birth and where they spent their formative years. The lead should say that she is a "Polish Marxist", because that is exactly who she was; even during her time in Germany, despite her excellent knowledge of the German language and commitment to internationalism, various people within the SPD continued to see her as an outsider as tends to be the case for migrants. The later sentence, still in the first paragraph, that she was "Born and raised in an assimilated Jewish family in Poland, she became a German citizen in 1897" should be enough for everyone. I understand why Polish nationalists are trying to bury Luksemburg's Polish origin and identity, as to them she is a "traitor" and all that, but I really do not understand what others have to gain from trying to erase her cultural background. --Samotny Wędrowiec (talk) 21:23, 13 February 2022 (UTC)

She was Askhenazi Jewish by ethnicity and culture, Russian and German by nationality and she was a strong opponent of polish statehood. I don't understand i what way it is accurate to describe her as polish.

PS Poland has never been under colonial rule.

PPS i doubt many polish nationalists even heard of her considering her obscurity in Poland Gawelsky (talk) 16:18, 19 May 2022 (UTC)

She was Ashkenazi Jewish by ethnicity and origin, but that's about it. Have you even read her comments about the Yiddish language? She considered it nothing less than some primitive dialect and a mixture of already existing languages (although I respect her greatly, I very much disagree with her on that). Luksemburg was Polish by nationality, later German by citizenship. She was an opponent of Polish bourgeois statehood in the same way that Ludwik Waryński and Władysław Kowalski were against it and in the same sense that I am. None of that stops us from being Polish. Just because you do not support a government or nation-state doesn't mean you cannot identify with the culture of the people ruled by said state - especially if it is the language you were raised to speak and the culture with which you feel closest to. I'm not even gonna bother answering your ridiculous claim that "Poland has never been under colonial rule". It helps to pick up a history book every once in a while. --Samotny Wędrowiec (talk) 13:33, 26 May 2022 (UTC)

well borders in Europe changed many times in history but as far as i know they werent colonial in their character. Would you say that Poland is currently colonizing Silesia and Pomerania (areas historically German) or that France is colonizing Alsace–Lorraine? PetPrm (talk) 19:32, 22 June 2022 (UTC)

I'm gonna assume this comment was made in good faith, so I'll respond in the same way: although indeed not all border changes and conquests in Eastern Europe were of a colonial nature, many actually were. If we study the German and Russian policies of cultural imperialism over Poles (primarily through restrictions on the use of Polish and limits on Polish education as well as oppression of the religious life of Poles), then we can come to that conclusion quite easily. And the later Nazi German racial policies against most Slavs, particularly Poles and Russians, leave no doubt.

Also, Silesia and Pomerania are historically German just as much as they are Slavic. In fact, long before German settlement in areas of present-day Poland, much of eastern Germany used to be the territory of Slavonic tribes. These lands were home to many peoples over centuries, including Celtic tribes even before the Slavs and Germanic peoples were there. However, that's no longer relevant to this topic. --Samotny Wędrowiec (talk) 18:35, 25 June 2022 (UTC)

It's also worth pointing out that Luksemburg was 26 years old when she gained German citizenship. --Samotny Wędrowiec (talk) 18:28, 15 February 2022 (UTC)

^^"PS Poland has never been under colonial rule." - Gawelsky that is categorically untrue and you know it. Stop stirring the pot and making incredibly inflammatory statements.--2A00:23C4:3E08:4001:402F:47C2:49F:3D03 (talk) 13:36, 27 May 2022 (UTC)

as far as i know no article on colonization on Misplaced Pages mentioned Poland as an area of colonial conquest. Quite the contrary, there are plenty of articles describing Polish colonial projects in South America and Africa. PetPrm (talk) 19:28, 22 June 2022 (UTC)

Yes, but there are also articles like Polish Haitians about how Poles joined the Haitians in the fight against French colonialism when they realised the situation of Haiti was so similar to that of Poland back home (and again, though in a slightly different context, with the American war of independence). Various countries throughout history have been both the perpetrators and subjects of colonialism, e.g. Poland colonised Ukraine, yet it has also been colonised by Germany and Russia. --Samotny Wędrowiec (talk) 18:35, 25 June 2022 (UTC)

This has literally nothing to do with what we talk about. Poland did engage and collaborate with colonialist power and itself was not a target of colonialism like the rest of europe. PetPrm (talk) 12:47, 12 October 2022 (UTC)

Also worth pointing out that she never had a polish citizenship. By citizenship she was Russian and later Russian-German. Gawelsky (talk) 16:09, 19 May 2022 (UTC)

In that sense no Poles at the time had Polish citizenship - does that mean they were not Polish, regardless of their language and cultural identity, and we should think of them all as Russians? You have no argument. --Samotny Wędrowiec (talk) 13:33, 26 May 2022 (UTC)

It appears @Gawelsky: has not read Luxemburg's works and memoirs, and disregarded the sourced content in the biography section. User's action seems POV and politically motivated. Please do not impose edits without an RfC vote. Also, I kindly remind the user that "Polish" it capitalised. Looks like a vandalism-only account. Merangs (talk) 20:58, 19 May 2022 (UTC)

Agreed completely, this person seems to have a complete disregard for historical sources and lack of understanding regarding the topics that are being discussed by this article. We can be guided by our POV and interests in the choice of pages that we edit, in fact it's best if we are because then we are committed to better quality contributions, but we must NEVER allow our personal views to affect the content of our editing. --Samotny Wędrowiec (talk) 13:33, 26 May 2022 (UTC)

I removed the part about citizenship and nationality from the infobox per WP:Neutral point of view. It can be interpreted in many different conflicting ways which may not be to the benefit of the article or the reader. The article itself explains it all if reference is needed. Merangs (talk) 20:43, 26 May 2022 (UTC)

That's absolutely fair, thank you for explaining it here too. --Samotny Wędrowiec (talk) 20:44, 26 May 2022 (UTC)

Calling Rosa Luxemburg polish is a massive misnomer

Most non-english language articles list her as german revolutionary of polish-jewish background, which is a far more accurate description. Associating her great achivements with the nation that regularly pogromed her people and eventually realised the Holocaust is not only factually but also morally wrong. As other has pointed out she had very little ties to Poland, considering her not having polish citizenship (while having russian-german one), devoting most of her scholarship to Russia and Germany and being radically opposed to any type of polish national movement (national sentiments were common among pilsudsky-type polish "socialsts" that she also disassociated hersef from). SoHoBro (talk) 02:05, 30 January 2023 (UTC)

• Better now? Drmies (talk) 02:10, 30 January 2023 (UTC)

yes, far better though i think it might still be improved. She was not born in Poland (it would only become a country 21 years later). It might be petty but since the area at that time (western galicia) was heavily ethnically mixed (and is today part of Poland as a result of very profound ethnic cleanisng) it would be more neutral and objective to refer to that area simply as Russia/Russian Empire/Tsariat Empire. It would be far more correct because that is the citizenship she possessed. SoHoBro (talk) 06:45, 30 January 2023 (UTC)

First of all, the spelling and grammar here is atrocious and with such ways of expression I do not see this as a valid or even legitimate argument. This has been discussed in the past; I kindly ask that this is revisited by the user. The statement "she was not born in Poland" is very controversial and, to be fair, contradicts the content in the body of the article (which is sourced). What I see here is POV. Merangs (talk) 22:49, 30 January 2023 (UTC)

Merangs, I think you should rewrite your first sentence if you want its content to be taken seriously instead of ironically. Drmies (talk) 03:15, 31 January 2023 (UTC)

Agreed, all I see here is POV and frankly racism towards Poles. As has already been shown by the content in the article, which is reliably sourced, Luksemburg was Polish-Jewish and later naturalised-German. She even wrote against Russification and Germanisation of Poles and adored Polish poetry. She spoke the language as a native tongue and corresponded with some of her close ones using it (there are many letters which have been studied already). It doesn't take a rocket scientist to deduce that she was deeply attached to and identified with Polish culture, which is the conclusion that scholars who studied her life and writings also arrive at.

I think it's ironic that what is being said by SoHoBro, and others who make similar arguments about Luksmeburg, is usually done with some self-proclaimed goal of protecting oppressed groups while at the same time the arguments they use against Poles (a previously colonised people, might I add, who still experience discrimination in many countries) are similar to that utilised by past colonisers to justify the subjugation of less fortunate nations, who are often demonised as primitive and little and close-minded, etc. It's worth pointing out that pogroms happened in many parts of the Russian Empire and were a tactic used by the tsarist authorities to control the population, using the Jewish communities as a scapegoat whenever discontent brewed. So pogroms were not specific to Poland or any other single nation, the governments of other countries also blamed Jews before and after the Russian Empire so this hateful tactic was not even exclusive to the Russian ruling class either.

This present-day obsession some folks have with painting all Poles as anti-Semitic due to the actions of a horrible minority is especially bizarre given how Poland had one of the largest anti-Nazi movements in the world during WW2, and earlier throughout history was seen as a safe haven for Jews who were persecuted in other countries (which is one of the reasons why so many chose to settle there). It doesn't change the fact that there was anti-Semitism and still is. It's just mind-boggling how people claiming to be against that and other forms of racism use the same arguments for an entire nation. Not surprising that it sometimes comes from people who worship Stalin though, given his crimes against Poles (Polish Operation of the NKVD was genocide), but it just baffles me how even some others repeat the same revolting stuff.

But I digress, the main point here is and should be that the arguments put forward by people trying to erase Luksemburg's Polish background and identity are POV-pushing, often with some kind of political or discriminatory agenda, and have no place on Misplaced Pages or indeed any encyclopedia. No one should come here to assign Luksemburg to the nations they like/dislike and erase her from ethnic groups they glorify/demonise. Though it is somewhat amusing that one thing both Polish nationalists and Pole-haters can agree on: "RosA lUxEmBuRg WaS nOt PoLiSh!!!1" and both groups have an unhealthy obsession with her Jewish roots... --Pitsarotta (talk) 01:59, 31 January 2023 (UTC)

What i find ironic is that both Pitsarotta and Merangs make badly formated, grammatically poor responses (which would be ok if it wasn't for your petty attacks on my initial post) and make very strongly POV based arguments (accusing me of being antipolish), while refusing to address the arguments i listed in my comment. Whatever the history of 20th century Poland was has nothing to do with the fact that Rosa Luxemburg was not polish (not by ethnicity, nationality). The fact that she spoke polish has nothing to do with her ethnicity/nationality (i speak english despite not being english or american). Her liking polish literature (which makes sense knowing Rosa's literary intrests) has nothing to do with the matters of ethnicity/nationality either.

Pitsarotta, i think your response is somewhat inappropriate and i advise some soulsearching.

That being said, i do not agree with the assertion that i am "obsessed" with Rosa being Jewish. It is just a fact that matters a lot to both her biography (especially considering what hardships she had to go through as a woman and a Jew and still managing to be one of the most impactful thinkers of the 20th century) and had profound impact on her work.

I would assert quite the opposite, some people tend to underempathise her jewishness. Historically it was done a lot in former eastern block countries. Antisemitic attitudes of the citizens of both Soviet Union and Polish People's Republic made the respective ruling communist party whitewash the jewishness of a lot of its idols and leaders (Marx, Luxemburg and huge impact of the Bund on socialist activism in tsarist Russia) in order to not "provoke" their populations. You could also see it in how the Holocaust in both of these countries was presented (neither spoke of its jewish character but instead just focused on their nationality which in that case was "polish" and "soviet" "people").

Hope my answer clarified my argument and i appeal to the admin to reverse the changes(in my humble opinion stronly POV drive, evidenced by the insulting character of his response) done by Merangs. SoHoBro (talk) 18:34, 31 January 2023 (UTC)

Please just learn more about Luksemburg instead of coming here to make sweeping statements about an entire ethnic group (like you did earlier). Your arguments weren't addressed because you didn't really make any proper ones. However, I'll respond to some of those you raised now, as you changed your tone and are no longer being as offensive as you were earlier.

First of all, I wasn't referring just to Poland's 20th century history, but its history in general. In fact, you're the one who brought up the Holocaust in the very first comment you made here, which is why I then included some examples from that century as well.

The fact Luksemburg spoke Polish as a native language matters greatly. The fact she used it to write to write to some of her loved ones instead of doing so in Russian, German or Yiddish (many of whom understood all of them) is important. Her appreciation of Polish literature is also relevant, as it's part of her attachment to her Polish identity. Notice how in your response you conveniently left out her writings against Russification and Germanisation of Poles (e.g. the suppression of language and religion), which I mentioned to you earlier. See her texts from 1893 and 1900 on this.

You say that Luksemburg's Jewish roots mattered a lot, especially considering what she had to go through. I agree with this completely. The same applies to her being Polish in the Russian Empire and later Germany. Same goes for her gender. All of this is reflected in the article. Her Jewish and Polish ethnicity is mentioned already in the first paragraph, and its significance given the historical context is covered in depth in the rest of the article. As is her being a female revolutionary and one of the first women in the world with a doctorate in economy.

In the 20th century her Jewish ancestry might indeed have been underplayed by some (perhaps in the post-Stalin Eastern Bloc), but I have not really come across this in 21st century English, Polish, German, and Russian language sources. As I said, there is more of a tendency to obsess about her Jewishness by anti-Semites as well as others.

The reason why the Holocaust is presented differently in Eastern Europe is more to do with the crimes committed by German occupying forces there and how the war in the east, as well as the Nazi German treatment of the locals, differed to that of France or the Netherlands for example. Poland lost around 6 million of its people in WW2 – a little over a half were Jewish, the other half gentiles; people forget that Auschwitz was actually created in 1939 for ethnic Poles and for the first two years of its operation most of its victims were from that ethnic group, only later in the second half of 1941 they began transforming it into a camp for Jews from all over Europe. What the Wehrmacht, and especially the SS, did to Belarusian, Polish, and Russian civilians in the countryside as well as the cities was horrendous. But again, we are discussing events from decades after Luksemburg's death because you keep bringing them up...

Returning to the topic of the article, I recommend reading this to gain a better understanding of Luksemburg's family history, her identity and her ethnicity: https://www.praktykateoretyczna.pl/artykuly/rory-castle-you-alone-will-make-our-familys-name-famous-rosa-luxemburg-her-family-and-the-origins-of-her-polish-jewish-identity/ --Pitsarotta (talk) 19:39, 1 February 2023 (UTC)

im not making any "sweeping accusations", it is a fact that polish people murdered at least hundreds of thousands of jews during the Holocaust, organized countless pogroms (before, during and after WW2). Poland genuinely has tough time admitting to its shameful history, so it shouldn't come as a suprise that i get attacked by two polish (nationalist?) accounts right after i mention it.

"crimes committed by German occupying forces there" just them? what about the polish and ukrainian nazis and collaborators (of which there was a lot)?

PS you comparing "antipolish" 19th century german and russian attitudes to the monstrosity of european antisemitism is laughably ignorant SoHoBro (talk) 22:27, 5 February 2023 (UTC)

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