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Revision as of 08:13, 24 June 2023 editFfranc (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users13,241 edits added Category:18th-century modern paganism using HotCatTag: Reverted← Previous edit Latest revision as of 21:21, 10 September 2023 edit undoJnestorius (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers77,729 edits #REDIRECT Gorsedd Cymru{{R from short name}} -- (1) as both article and Whatlinkshere confirm, most use of "Gorsedd" refers to Gorsedd Cymru, not any other gorseddau (2) this article gives virtually no info not already in Gorsedd CymruTag: New redirect 
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#REDIRECT ]{{R from short name}}
{{short description|Community or coming together of modern-day bards}}
{{for multi|the Welsh society|Gorsedd Cymru|the village|Gorsedd, Flintshire}}
{{redirect|Gorseddau}}
{{Infobox Organization
|name = Gorsedd y Beirdd<br><small>Gorsedd of the Bards</small>
|image = Tribann.svg
|caption = ''] of Iolo Morganwg.''
|size = 120px
|abbreviation = Gorsedd
|formation = {{start date|1792|df=y}}
|headquarters = ]
|type = ]<BR>]
|founder = ]
|leader =
|website =
}}

A '''gorsedd''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|ɔr|s|ɛ|ð}}, plural ''gorseddau'') is a community or meeting of modern-day ]s. The word is of Welsh origin, meaning "throne". It is spelled '''gorsedh''' in ] and '''goursez''' in ].

When the term is used without qualification, it usually refers to the ], the National Gorsedd of Wales.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hafan |url=http://www.gorsedd.cymru/ |website=Gorsedd Cymru |language=cy}}</ref> However, other gorseddau exist, such as the ] ],<ref>{{cite web |title=The Celtic Spirit of Cornwall - An Gwir erbynn an Bys |url=http://gorsedhkernow.org.uk/ |website=Gorsedh Kernow |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810220337/http://gorsedhkernow.org.uk/ |archive-date=10 August 2018 |language=en, kw}}</ref> the ] ]<ref>{{cite web |title=Le Gorsedd de Bretagne |url=http://www.gorsedd.com/ |website=Gorsedd.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041015045207/http://www.gorsedd.com/ |archive-date=15 October 2004 |language=fr}}</ref> and Gorsedd ], in the Welsh Settlement in ].<ref>E. Wyn James, 'Identity, Immigration, and Assimilation: The Case of the Welsh Settlement in Patagonia', Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, 24 (2018), 76-87. ISSN 0959-3632.</ref>

==Purpose==
] (])]]

Gorseddau exist to promote literary scholarship and the creation of ] and ].<ref>Hanes Gorsedd y Beirdd Geraint & Zonia Bowen; Barddas 1991</ref> As part of this, their most visible activity can be seen at ]au – Welsh language festivals.

==History==
]) in 1906]]
Gorsedd Cymru was originally founded as Gorsedd Beirdd Ynys Prydain (later renamed ]) in 1792 by Edward Williams, commonly known as ], who also invented much of its ritual, supposedly based on the activities of the ancient ] ].<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725182049/http://www.gorsedd.org/hanes.php |date=2010-07-25 }} – Hanes (History). Accessed 5 December 2009. Welsh language page only.</ref> Nowadays, much of its ritual has ] influence, and were given further embellishment in the 1930s by ] (later Archdruid 1950–1954 and 1963–1966).<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Gorsedd Beirdd Ynys Prydain |editor-last=Koch |editor-first=John T. |encyclopedia=Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia |publisher=ABC-CLIO, Inc. |date=2006 |page=836 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=f899xH_quaMC&pg=PA836 |isbn=1-85109-445-8}}</ref> The Gorsedd made its first appearance at an Eisteddfod at the Ivy Bush Inn in Carmarthen in 1819, and its close association with the Festival has remained. It is an association of poets, writers, musicians, artists and individuals who have made a significant and distinguished contribution to Welsh language, literature, and culture.

The fictitious origin of these ceremonies was established by Professor G.J. Williams in works touching on Iolo Morganwg.<ref>Traddodiad Llenyddol Morgannwg, 1948</ref>

In 1999, the centenary of early ] poet and ] leader ]'s initiation into the Gorsedd at the 1899 Pan Celtic Eisteddfod in ] (where he took the ] of Areithiwr) was marked by the unveiling of a plaque at the ] of the ] in Wales.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001938/http://www.ballinagree.freeservers.com/ppearsegd9.html |date=4 March 2016 }} Account of Gorsedd commemoration, 1999</ref>

==Symbolism==
].]]
The symbol commonly used to represent a Gorsedd is a triple line, the middle line upright and the outer two slanted towards the top of the centre, thus: /|\.<ref></ref> This symbol, called "]", is often explained as representing the ].<ref name="gorsethkernow.org.uk"> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206205704/http://www.gorsethkernow.org.uk/english/ceremony.htm |date=2010-02-06 }}</ref> The word "awen" means "muse" in Welsh.

==See also==
{{wiktionary}}
* ] (includes a chronological list of Archdruids of Wales)
* ] (Welsh Gorsedd)
* ] (Cornish Gorsedd)
* ] (Breton Gorsedd)
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Wales topics}}

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Latest revision as of 21:21, 10 September 2023

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