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| {{Infobox Chinese|psp=Tsaochwang|s=枣庄|t=棗莊|w=Tsao<sup>3</sup>-chuang<sup>1</sup>|p=Zǎozhuāng}} | {{Infobox Chinese|psp=Tsaochwang|s=枣庄|t=棗莊|w=Tsao<sup>3</sup>-chuang<sup>1</sup>|p=Zǎozhuāng}} | ||
| '''Zaozhuang''' ({{zh|s=枣庄 |t=棗莊 |p=Zǎozhuāng}}) is a ] in the south of ] province, People's Republic of China. Since January 2019 (after the ] prefecture got incorporated into ] prefecture), the smallest prefecture-level city in the province, it borders ] to the west and north, ] to the east, and the province of ] to the south. The ] occurred in the city during the ] in 1938. The Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–45) had a significant impact on Zaozhuang.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-18|title=The Second Sino-Japanese War|url=https://alphahistory.com/chineserevolution/sino-japanese-war/|access-date=2020-10-29|website=Chinese Revolution|language=en-US}}</ref> | '''Zaozhuang''' ({{zh|s=枣庄 |t=棗莊 |p=Zǎozhuāng}}) is a ] in the south of ] province, People's Republic of China. Since January 2019 (after the ] prefecture got incorporated into ] prefecture), the smallest prefecture-level city in the province, it borders ] to the west and north, ] to the east, and the province of ] to the south. The ] occurred in the city during the ] in 1938. The Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–45) had a significant impact on Zaozhuang.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-18|title=The Second Sino-Japanese War|url=https://alphahistory.com/chineserevolution/sino-japanese-war/|access-date=2020-10-29|website=Chinese Revolution|language=en-US}}</ref>Zaozhuang is China's first "Cross Strait Exchange Base" and "National Fitness Yangko City", renowned both domestically and internationally for the Railway Guerrilla and the ].At present, Zaozhuang has gradually grown into one of the important bases of China's lithium battery industry, known as the "Lithium Battery Capital of China". | ||
| Archaeologists have found evidence of human activities in this region dating back to the Neolithic era. Its culture started from 7300 years ago of ancestor culture, and developed to city-state culture 4300 years ago, then evolved to canal culture 2700 years ago, and finally stepped to industrial culture 130 years ago. | Archaeologists have found evidence of human activities in this region dating back to the Neolithic era. Its culture started from 7300 years ago of ancestor culture, and developed to city-state culture 4300 years ago, then evolved to canal culture 2700 years ago, and finally stepped to industrial culture 130 years ago. | ||
| Its population is 3,855,601 at the 2020 census whom 975,539 in the built-up area made of ] and ] districts. | Its population is 3,855,601 at the 2020 census whom 975,539 in the built-up area made of ] and ] districts.As of the end of 2022, the permanent population of Zaozhuang City is 3.8297 million.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistical Bulletin on National Economic and Social Development of Zaozhuang City in 2022 (Chinese) |url=http://stjj.zaozhuang.gov.cn/xwzx/tjgb/202303/t20230328_1636489.html?eqid=aba9f9620001944f000000046427f5e6 |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=stjj.zaozhuang.gov.cn}}</ref> | ||
| ==History== | ==History== | ||
| Line 125: | Line 125: | ||
| ==Climate== | ==Climate== | ||
| Zaozhuang belongs to a mid latitude warm temperate monsoon continental climate zone, which combines the characteristics of a warm and humid climate in the south and a dry and cold climate in the north. Influenced by the natural geographical environment, solar radiation, and monsoon, it has the climate characteristics of good lighting, high accumulated temperature, rich heat, abundant rainfall, and simultaneous rain and heat. The climate changes significantly throughout the four seasons. | |||
| Zaozhuang has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate, with four distinct seasons, summers are long and hot and humid and winters are cold and dry, spring and autumn are short and cool and mostly dry, but air humidly is high. | |||
| {{Weather box | {{Weather box | ||
| |location = Zaozhuang (], 1981−2010 normals) | |location = Zaozhuang (], 1981−2010 normals) | ||
| Line 270: | Line 270: | ||
| Zaozhuang and Zaozhuang West are stops on both the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway and the ] Since 15 May 2016, the Zaolin railway (from Zaozhuang West to Linyi) has connected the city with the Yanri railway. | Zaozhuang and Zaozhuang West are stops on both the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway and the ] Since 15 May 2016, the Zaolin railway (from Zaozhuang West to Linyi) has connected the city with the Yanri railway. | ||
| Based on Shandong Province's planning, Zaozhuang will be linked with ] (to east), Heze (to west) and Jinan (to north) by the inter-city rail by 2022. | Based on Shandong Province's planning, Zaozhuang will be linked with ] (to east), Heze (to west) and Jinan (to north) by the inter-city rail by 2022. | ||
| By the end of 2022, the ], the Beijing Shanghai high-speed Railway and the Zaozhuang Linyi Railway run through Zaozhuang , with ], ] (2 high-speed railway stations), Zaozhuang East Station, Zaozhuang West Station, and Tengzhou Station (3 ordinary passenger stations). The Zaozhuang section of the ] has reached the national class Ⅱ waterway navigation standard, and ] has been successfully approved for construction. | |||
| The ] also passes through Zaozhuang from north to south. | The ] also passes through Zaozhuang from north to south. | ||
| Zaozhuang has already augmented whole city's transportation by bus rapid transportation (BRT). | Zaozhuang has already augmented whole city's transportation by bus rapid transportation (BRT). | ||
| Zaozhuang is the second city in Shandong Province and the 13th city in China to open a rapid transit system. As of 2021, Zaozhuang Bus Rapid Transit has 10 BRT lines and 16 transfer lines. As of 2021, Zaozhuang Bus Rapid Transit has safely operated 98 million kilometers and transported a total of 390 million passengers. | |||
| ==Culture == | ==Culture == | ||
| Dishes include spicy chicken ({{lang|zh-Hans|辣子鸡}}), vegetable pancakes ({{lang|zh-Hans|菜煎饼}}), Spicy chicken soup with eggs ({{lang|zh-Hans|糁汤}}), mutton soup ({{lang|zh-Hans|羊肉汤}}), and more. | Dishes include spicy chicken ({{lang|zh-Hans|辣子鸡}}), vegetable pancakes ({{lang|zh-Hans|菜煎饼}}), Spicy chicken soup with eggs ({{lang|zh-Hans|糁汤}}), mutton soup ({{lang|zh-Hans|羊肉汤}}), and more. | ||
| ] | |||
| Other specialty foods include: Huanghua Beef Noodles（黄花牛肉面）, Xuecheng Grits Soup（薛城糁汤）, Spicy Soup（辣汤）, Tengzhou Zhangwang Platted Duck（滕州张汪板鸭）, and more. | |||
| ==Notable people== | ==Notable people== | ||
| Line 282: | Line 288: | ||
| *] (ca. 480 BC – 390 BC), ] era ] and thinker | *] (ca. 480 BC – 390 BC), ] era ] and thinker | ||
| *] (died 279 BC), one of the famed ] of the ]. | *] (died 279 BC), one of the famed ] of the ]. | ||
| *], China's fabled first wheelmaker, featured in ]'s ] (8th verse), whose wheel is earlier alluded to in the ] (11th verse) and other works. The |
*], China's fabled first wheelmaker, featured in ]'s ] (8th verse), whose wheel is earlier alluded to in the ] (11th verse) and other works. The Xi Zhong Culture Park is in Zaozhuang. | ||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 15:10, 29 September 2023
Prefecture-level city in Shandong, People's Republic of China| Zaozhuang 枣庄市Tsaochwang | |
|---|---|
| Prefecture-level city | |
 Location of Zaozhuang in Shandong | |
| Coordinates (Xuecheng municipal government, Xuecheng District): 34°48′39″N 117°19′26″E / 34.8109°N 117.3238°E / 34.8109; 117.3238 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Shandong |
| County-level divisions | 6 |
| Township-level divisions | 62 |
| Municipal seat | Xuecheng District |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Zhang Hongwei (张宏伟) |
| Area | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 4,563.22 km (1,761.87 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 3,069 km (1,185 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,008.9 km (389.5 sq mi) |
| Population | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 3,855,601 |
| • Density | 840/km (2,200/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 2,280,953 |
| • Urban density | 740/km (1,900/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 975,539 |
| • Metro density | 970/km (2,500/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+08:00 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 277100 |
| Area code | 0632 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-SD-04 |
| License Plate Prefix | 鲁D |
| Zaozhuang | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese | 棗莊 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 枣庄 | ||||||||
| Postal | Tsaochwang | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Zaozhuang (simplified Chinese: 枣庄; traditional Chinese: 棗莊; pinyin: Zǎozhuāng) is a prefecture-level city in the south of Shandong province, People's Republic of China. Since January 2019 (after the Laiwu prefecture got incorporated into Jinan prefecture), the smallest prefecture-level city in the province, it borders Jining to the west and north, Linyi to the east, and the province of Jiangsu to the south. The Battle of Taierzhuang occurred in the city during the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1938. The Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–45) had a significant impact on Zaozhuang.Zaozhuang is China's first "Cross Strait Exchange Base" and "National Fitness Yangko City", renowned both domestically and internationally for the Railway Guerrilla and the Battle of Taierzhuang.At present, Zaozhuang has gradually grown into one of the important bases of China's lithium battery industry, known as the "Lithium Battery Capital of China".
Archaeologists have found evidence of human activities in this region dating back to the Neolithic era. Its culture started from 7300 years ago of ancestor culture, and developed to city-state culture 4300 years ago, then evolved to canal culture 2700 years ago, and finally stepped to industrial culture 130 years ago.
Its population is 3,855,601 at the 2020 census whom 975,539 in the built-up area made of Shizhong and Yicheng districts.As of the end of 2022, the permanent population of Zaozhuang City is 3.8297 million.
History
The history of Zaozhuang is closely linked to the canal. According to archaeological discoveries, the earliest canal in the territory, the Qianyang Canal, was excavated in the Spring and Autumn Period. The Zaozhuang section of the Jinghang Canal was excavated in the 32nd year of Ming Wanli (1604), flowing through the city's Taierzhuang, Yucheng, Xuecheng and Tengzhou, with a total length of 93.9 kilometers, from Xiazhen Lijiagang to Zhangzhou. The estuary enters the Yellow River, because the Weihe River is the main supplementary water source. Its opening has changed the situation that the Beijing-Hangzhou Expressway is unreasonable due to the flooding of the Yellow River. For hundreds of years, it has played an important role in the transportation of Nanliangbei, material circulation and cultural exchange. The continuity of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal also promotes economic prosperity along the canal area. Taierzhuang along the coast has rapidly developed into a “lunan town”, and “Yixian County” records: “Taierzhuangtun Canal, merchants are convinced, Tianyibi, and Xuyi is also a city.” The gathering of merchants brings cultural blending, Taierzhuang The ancient city has also become a typical representative of the canal culture. It has the most distinctive features of the blending of north and south cultures on the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the combination of Chinese and Western cultures.
Zaozhuang is a heroic city with a glorious revolutionary tradition. In the 27th year of the Republic of China (1938), under the leadership of Li Zongren, commander of the Fifth Theater, the vast Lunan area with Taierzhuang as the center of gravity and the Japanese invaders engaged in the large-scale Battle of Tai'erzhuang, considered the first Chinese victory in the Second Sino-Japanese War. Two years later, in 1940, under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, the railway guerrillas established in Zaozhuang and the Chinese army fought bravely to defeat the Japanese invaders with guerrilla tactics.
Administration
The prefecture-level city of Zaozhuang administers six county-level divisions, including five districts and one county-level city. The seat of Zaozhuang is Xuecheng District.
- Shizhong District (市中区)
- Xuecheng District (薛城区)
- Shanting District (山亭区)
- Yicheng District (峄城区)
- Tai'erzhuang District (台儿庄区)
- Tengzhou City (滕州市)
These are further divided into 62 township-level divisions, including 44 towns, two townships and 16 subdistricts.
| Map |
|---|
Shizhong
Xuecheng
Yicheng
Tai'erzhuang
Shanting
Tengzhou(city) |
Coal-Mining History
Zaozhuang City long been important in coal-mining in China. The coal mining were developed prior to World War II, although it was severely damaged during the latter part of World War II. In 1954, the coal production brought back in production, since then it modernized the progress and connects those of Jiawang and Xuzhou in northern Jiangsu province. After years of economic restructuring and environmental remediation, Zaozhuang is now back to an eco-friendly city.
Geography
Zaozhuang City is located in the southern part of the low hills of Luzhong, and belongs to the Huanghuai Plain. The terrain is high in the north, low in the south, low in the east and low in the west, and it is inclined to the northeast to the southwest. The mountain in the northern Shanting District is 620 meters above sea level, which is the highest point in the city. The mountains, such as the Lianqing Mountain and the Baoji Mountain, are more than 500 meters above sea level, and the mountains are undulating and swaying in the north of the city. Holding 580 meters above sea level, it is called "the first of the seventy-two scorpions." The western lakeside and the coastal zone have the lowest terrain and flat ground, with an altitude of 30–40 meters and a minimum elevation of 24.5 meters. The topography and landforms in the territory are relatively complex, forming many types of landforms such as low mountains, hills, piedmont plains, floodplains, and lakes along the lake. The hills account for 54.6% of the total area, the plains account for 26.6% of the total area, and the depression accounts for 18.8% of the total area.
Climate
Zaozhuang belongs to a mid latitude warm temperate monsoon continental climate zone, which combines the characteristics of a warm and humid climate in the south and a dry and cold climate in the north. Influenced by the natural geographical environment, solar radiation, and monsoon, it has the climate characteristics of good lighting, high accumulated temperature, rich heat, abundant rainfall, and simultaneous rain and heat. The climate changes significantly throughout the four seasons.
| Climate data for Zaozhuang (Shizhong District, 1981−2010 normals) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16.1 (61.0) |
23.6 (74.5) |
27.8 (82.0) |
34.0 (93.2) |
37.8 (100.0) |
39.1 (102.4) |
40.9 (105.6) |
36.7 (98.1) |
35.5 (95.9) |
34.8 (94.6) |
25.9 (78.6) |
20.1 (68.2) |
40.9 (105.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 5.1 (41.2) |
8.1 (46.6) |
13.6 (56.5) |
21.0 (69.8) |
26.4 (79.5) |
30.4 (86.7) |
31.2 (88.2) |
30.4 (86.7) |
27.0 (80.6) |
21.6 (70.9) |
13.9 (57.0) |
7.2 (45.0) |
19.7 (67.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.1 (32.2) |
2.8 (37.0) |
8.0 (46.4) |
15.1 (59.2) |
20.7 (69.3) |
24.9 (76.8) |
26.8 (80.2) |
26.1 (79.0) |
22.0 (71.6) |
16.1 (61.0) |
8.5 (47.3) |
2.1 (35.8) |
14.4 (58.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3.8 (25.2) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
3.1 (37.6) |
9.6 (49.3) |
15.2 (59.4) |
20.0 (68.0) |
23.3 (73.9) |
22.5 (72.5) |
17.7 (63.9) |
11.4 (52.5) |
4.2 (39.6) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
10.0 (50.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −13.0 (8.6) |
−14.4 (6.1) |
−8.7 (16.3) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
4.5 (40.1) |
12.5 (54.5) |
16.2 (61.2) |
12.1 (53.8) |
8.4 (47.1) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
−7.2 (19.0) |
−12.7 (9.1) |
−14.4 (6.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 12.2 (0.48) |
15.4 (0.61) |
22.6 (0.89) |
38.3 (1.51) |
69.3 (2.73) |
107.8 (4.24) |
234.9 (9.25) |
179.0 (7.05) |
69.1 (2.72) |
36.9 (1.45) |
23.3 (0.92) |
11.4 (0.45) |
820.2 (32.3) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 3.6 | 4.3 | 4.9 | 6.1 | 7.3 | 7.5 | 13.6 | 11.7 | 7.5 | 5.3 | 5.1 | 4.1 | 81 |
| Average snowy days | 3.2 | 2.9 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.7 | 1.6 | 9.4 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 61 | 59 | 57 | 58 | 62 | 65 | 79 | 80 | 71 | 66 | 65 | 63 | 66 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 135.8 | 141.9 | 186.8 | 203.2 | 211.8 | 176.7 | 152.9 | 155.9 | 164.1 | 169.1 | 142.0 | 139.3 | 1,979.5 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 43 | 46 | 50 | 52 | 49 | 41 | 35 | 38 | 45 | 49 | 46 | 46 | 45 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration (precipitation days, snow days, sunshine 1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
Transportation
Zaozhuang and Zaozhuang West are stops on both the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway and the Beijing-Shanghai (Jinghu) railway. Since 15 May 2016, the Zaolin railway (from Zaozhuang West to Linyi) has connected the city with the Yanri railway. Based on Shandong Province's planning, Zaozhuang will be linked with Linyi (to east), Heze (to west) and Jinan (to north) by the inter-city rail by 2022.
By the end of 2022, the Beijing-Shanghai (Jinghu) railway, the Beijing Shanghai high-speed Railway and the Zaozhuang Linyi Railway run through Zaozhuang , with Zaozhuang railway station, Tengzhou East railway station (2 high-speed railway stations), Zaozhuang East Station, Zaozhuang West Station, and Tengzhou Station (3 ordinary passenger stations). The Zaozhuang section of the Grand Canal (China) has reached the national class Ⅱ waterway navigation standard, and Zaozhuang Yiyun Airport has been successfully approved for construction.
The Beijing-Fuzhou highway also passes through Zaozhuang from north to south.
Zaozhuang has already augmented whole city's transportation by bus rapid transportation (BRT).
Zaozhuang is the second city in Shandong Province and the 13th city in China to open a rapid transit system. As of 2021, Zaozhuang Bus Rapid Transit has 10 BRT lines and 16 transfer lines. As of 2021, Zaozhuang Bus Rapid Transit has safely operated 98 million kilometers and transported a total of 390 million passengers.
Culture
Dishes include spicy chicken (辣子鸡), vegetable pancakes (菜煎饼), Spicy chicken soup with eggs (糁汤), mutton soup (羊肉汤), and more.
Other specialty foods include: Huanghua Beef Noodles（黄花牛肉面）, Xuecheng Grits Soup（薛城糁汤）, Spicy Soup（辣汤）, Tengzhou Zhangwang Platted Duck（滕州张汪板鸭）, and more.
Notable people
- Lu Ban (c. 507–444 BC), Chinese carpenter, engineer, revered as the Chinese god of builders and contractors.
- Micius (ca. 480 BC – 390 BC), Warring States era philosopher and thinker
- Lord Mengchang (died 279 BC), one of the famed Four Lords of the Warring States period.
- Xi Zhong, China's fabled first wheelmaker, featured in Wumen Huikai's The Gateless Barrier (8th verse), whose wheel is earlier alluded to in the Tao Te Ching (11th verse) and other works. The Xi Zhong Culture Park is in Zaozhuang.
References
- "China: Shāndōng (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map".
- "The Second Sino-Japanese War". Chinese Revolution. 2019-09-18. Retrieved 2020-10-29.
- "Statistical Bulletin on National Economic and Social Development of Zaozhuang City in 2022 (Chinese)". stjj.zaozhuang.gov.cn. Retrieved 2023-09-20.
- "Zaozhuang | China". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-05-09.
- 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
- 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
External links
| Shandong topics | |
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| Jinan (capital) | |
| General | |
| Geography | |
| Education | |
| Culture | |
| Cuisine | |
| Visitor attractions | |
 Prefecture-level divisions of China | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Notes: *Provincial capitals, ★Sub-provincial cities, ☆Sub-provincial autonomous prefecture *Sub prefectural-level divisions, ✧"Comparatively larger city [zh]" (较大的市) as approved by the State Council | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| See also: List of prefectures in China, List of cities in China | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||