Misplaced Pages

Watir: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editContent deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 20:43, 25 September 2006 editSunSw0rd (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users796 editsm Seeing browser objects, timing information← Previous edit Latest revision as of 13:51, 8 November 2023 edit undoEmeraude (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers82,429 editsNo edit summary 
(257 intermediate revisions by more than 100 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{More citations needed|date=October 2012}}
''''WATIR'''', pronounced "Water", is an acronym standing for "Web Application Testing in Ruby". Watir is an automated test tool which uses the Ruby scripting language to drive the Internet Explorer web browser, and is available as a Ruby Gem.
{{Infobox software
| name = Watir
| logo = Watir.png
| screenshot =
| caption =
| developer = Bret Pettichord, Charley Baker, Angrez Singh, Jari Bakken, Jarmo Pertman, Hugh McGowan, Andreas Tolf Tolfsen, Paul Rogers, Dave Hoover, Sai Venkatakrishnan, Tom Copeland, Alex Rodionov, Titus Fortner
| latest release version = 6.17
| latest release date = {{Start date and age|2020|08|28}}
| latest preview version =
| latest preview date =
| programming language = ]
| operating system = ]
| platform =
| genre = ] ] for ]s
| license = ]
| website = {{URL|http://watir.com/}}
}}
'''Watir''' ('''W'''eb '''A'''pplication '''T'''esting '''i'''n '''R'''uby, pronounced water), is an open-source family of ] libraries for automating web browsers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://watir.com/ |publisher=Watir |accessdate=11 October 2012 |title=Watir is...}}<br>- {{cite web|title=A new member in the Watir-family |url=http://www.opera.com/developer/tools/operawatir/ |publisher=Opera Software |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110213011440/http://www.opera.com/developer/tools/operawatir/ |archivedate=13 February 2011 |accessdate=8 November 2023}}<br>- {{cite web |title=Watir to WebDriver: Unit Test Frameworks |url=https://www.facebook.com/notes/facebook-engineering/watir-to-webdriver-unit-test-frameworks/10150314152278920 |website=Facebook |accessdate=11 October 2012 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="Agile Testing">{{cite book |first1=Lisa |last1=Crispin |first2=Janet |last2=Gregory |title=Agile Testing: A Practical Guide for Testers and Agile Teams|year=2008 |publisher=Addison-Wesley |isbn=9780321534460 |pages=172|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=68_lhPvoKS8C}}</ref> It drives ], ], ], ] and ], and is available as a ] gem.<ref name="Agile Testing" /><ref>{{cite book |last=Marick |first=Brian |title=Everyday Scripting with Ruby: For Teams, Testers, and You |year=2007 |publisher=Pragmatic Programmer |isbn=9780977616619 |page=2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1vKBQgAACAAJ |via=Google Books}}</ref> Watir was primarily developed by Bret Pettichord and Paul Rogers.


== Functionality ==
Ruby is an object oriented programming language started more than a decade ago in Japan (by Yukihiro Matsumoto). It is a very “pure” OO language. It is also an interpreted language, and has influences from multiple earlier OO languages. Ruby gems are packaged libraries.
{{Update section|date=April 2021}}
Watir project consists of several smaller projects. The most important ones are watir-classic, watir-webdriver and watirspec.


=== Watir-Classic ===
WATIR makes use of the fact that Ruby has built in OLE capabilities. As such it is possible to drive the Microsoft Internet Explorer browser programmatically. Watir is a toolkit for automated tests to be developed and run against a web browser.
Watir-Classic makes use of the fact that Ruby has built-in ] (OLE) capabilities. As such it is possible to drive ''Internet Explorer'' programmatically.<ref>{{cite web |title=Creating automated test scripts with Ruby and WATIR |url=http://www.thoughtworks.com/articles/automated-testing-using-ruby-and-watir |publisher=ThoughtWorks |first=Jeremy |last=Suarez |date=16 September 2010|accessdate=11 October 2012}}</ref> Watir-Classic operates differently to HTTP-based test tools, which operate by simulating a browser. Instead, Watir-classic directly drives the browser through the OLE protocol, which is implemented over the ] (COM) architecture.


The COM permits interprocess communication (such as between Ruby and ''Internet Explorer'') and dynamic object creation and manipulation (which is what the Ruby program does to the ''Internet Explorer''). Microsoft calls this "OLE automation", and calls the manipulating program an "automation controller". Technically, the ''Internet Explorer'' process is the server and serves the automation objects, exposing their methods; while the Ruby program then becomes the client which manipulates the automation objects.
==Examples==
The google example:


=== Watir-Webdriver ===
# Here we see a very simple WATIR script to drive to google and validate a page
Watir-Webdriver is a modern version of the Watir API based on ]. Selenium 2.0 (Selenium-Webdriver) aims to be the reference implementation of the ] specification. In Ruby, Jari Bakken has implemented the Watir API as a wrapper around the Selenium 2.0 API. Not only is Watir-Webdriver derived from Selenium 2.0, it is also built from the ] specification, so Watir-Webdriver should always be compatible with existing ] specifications.
require 'watir' # use watir gem
test_site = 'http://www.google.com' # set a variable
ie = Watir::IE.new # open the IE browser
ie.goto(test_site) # load url, go to site
ie.text_field(:name, "q").set("pickaxe") # load text "pickaxe" into search field named "q"
ie.button(:name, "btnG").click # "btnG" is the name of the Search button, click it
if ie.contains_text("Programming Ruby")
puts "Test Passed. Found the test string: 'Programming Ruby'."
else
puts "Test Failed! Could not find: 'Programming Ruby'"
end


=== Watirspec ===
The previous commands can be executed in the ] (irb), or in a Ruby IDE such as FreeRIDE that is installed when Ruby is installed with the once click installer.
Watirspec is executable specification of the Watir API, like ] is for Ruby.


== See also ==
Handling popups:
{{Portal|Free and open-source software}}
# To handle general popups, use WinClicker.
* ]
ie.button(:name, "btnG").click_no_wait # ensure popup won't block Watir
* ]
hwnd = ie.enabled_popup(5) # get a handle if one exists
* ]
if (hwnd) # yes there is a popup
* ]
w = WinClicker.new
w.makeWindowActive(hwnd)
w.clickWindowsButton_hwnd(hwnd, "Yes") # click the "Yes" button
end


== References ==
This example extends upon the google example by ensuring the google search button click will not wait for the popup. This approach will handle most annoying popups, however it may be necessary to download and install the current development Watir gem rather than using the standard Watir release.
{{Reflist}}


== External links ==
Suppose you want to be able to see the various objects within the browser? The following are useful:
*
*
* ''''
* '''', a testers' workshop book by Jeff Morgan


]
# To see objects within the browser
]
ie.frame("top_frame").text_fields.each { |t| puts t.to_s }
]
ie.frame("top_frame").spans.each { |s| puts s.to_s }
]
ie.frame("top_frame").tables.each { |t| puts t.to_s }
]
ie.frame("top_frame").links.each { |l| puts l.to_s }
ie.frame("top_frame").select_lists.each { |s| puts s.to_s }
ie.frame("top_frame").labels.each { |l| puts l.to_s }

In the above example, this also shows you how you would access information from within a frame. If there were no frame involved, then drop the "frame("top_frame")." part of the commands.

Suppose you want to capture timing information, because you are running a performance test?

# Performance test timing
beginTime = 0
endTime = 0
beginTime = Time.now
=begin
*****************************
* Body of script goes here
*****************************
=end
endTime = Time.now
p (endTime - beginTime).to_s

Be aware that anything enclosed by an "=begin" and "=end" (on their own lines) is treated as a multi line comment. Typically you might wrap the final button click to submit a page in these commands, and the timing information will then just show you the time from submission to page response.

==External Links==
*
*
*
*
*

==See also==
*]
*]
*]

]

Latest revision as of 13:51, 8 November 2023

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Watir" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Watir
Developer(s)Bret Pettichord, Charley Baker, Angrez Singh, Jari Bakken, Jarmo Pertman, Hugh McGowan, Andreas Tolf Tolfsen, Paul Rogers, Dave Hoover, Sai Venkatakrishnan, Tom Copeland, Alex Rodionov, Titus Fortner
Stable release6.17 / August 28, 2020; 4 years ago (2020-08-28)
Written inRuby
Operating systemCross-platform
TypeSoftware testing framework for web applications
LicenseMIT license
Websitewatir.com

Watir (Web Application Testing in Ruby, pronounced water), is an open-source family of Ruby libraries for automating web browsers. It drives Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, Opera and Safari, and is available as a RubyGems gem. Watir was primarily developed by Bret Pettichord and Paul Rogers.

Functionality

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (April 2021)

Watir project consists of several smaller projects. The most important ones are watir-classic, watir-webdriver and watirspec.

Watir-Classic

Watir-Classic makes use of the fact that Ruby has built-in Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) capabilities. As such it is possible to drive Internet Explorer programmatically. Watir-Classic operates differently to HTTP-based test tools, which operate by simulating a browser. Instead, Watir-classic directly drives the browser through the OLE protocol, which is implemented over the Component Object Model (COM) architecture.

The COM permits interprocess communication (such as between Ruby and Internet Explorer) and dynamic object creation and manipulation (which is what the Ruby program does to the Internet Explorer). Microsoft calls this "OLE automation", and calls the manipulating program an "automation controller". Technically, the Internet Explorer process is the server and serves the automation objects, exposing their methods; while the Ruby program then becomes the client which manipulates the automation objects.

Watir-Webdriver

Watir-Webdriver is a modern version of the Watir API based on Selenium. Selenium 2.0 (Selenium-Webdriver) aims to be the reference implementation of the WebDriver specification. In Ruby, Jari Bakken has implemented the Watir API as a wrapper around the Selenium 2.0 API. Not only is Watir-Webdriver derived from Selenium 2.0, it is also built from the HTML specification, so Watir-Webdriver should always be compatible with existing W3C specifications.

Watirspec

Watirspec is executable specification of the Watir API, like RubySpec is for Ruby.

See also

References

  1. "Watir is..." Watir. Retrieved 11 October 2012.
    - "A new member in the Watir-family". Opera Software. Archived from the original on 13 February 2011. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
    - "Watir to WebDriver: Unit Test Frameworks". Facebook. Retrieved 11 October 2012.
  2. ^ Crispin, Lisa; Gregory, Janet (2008). Agile Testing: A Practical Guide for Testers and Agile Teams. Addison-Wesley. p. 172. ISBN 9780321534460.
  3. Marick, Brian (2007). Everyday Scripting with Ruby: For Teams, Testers, and You. Pragmatic Programmer. p. 2. ISBN 9780977616619 – via Google Books.
  4. Suarez, Jeremy (16 September 2010). "Creating automated test scripts with Ruby and WATIR". ThoughtWorks. Retrieved 11 October 2012.

External links

Categories: